12th Bio Zoology Sura Guide Sample English Medium

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(a) Arrhenotoky a da aasaThelytoky
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s
.
ww P. P ww . P. P ww. P. P . P. P
wwIf A is true but R is false] ww. P. P
m
ww (c) Amphitoky ww (d) Both a andwbw ww [Ans.w(C)
w ww
ww ww w w
III. Assertion: Viviparous animals give better
w w
[Ans. (a) Arrhenotoky]
r gr g r gr g protectionrgrg to their offsprings. i.O.O rgrg
2. aAnimals
l a lia.Oi .O giving birth to young l
asa ali .Oi
ones:
a . O
l alia.Oi
Reason:
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They lay their eggs l
in al a
the i safe places
sas(a) a s(b) saasa saasa daadsa
co
a daad Oviparous a daad a Oviviviparous a daad of the environment. a daad a
P
. .P P
. .P (d) Both a and b ww P
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. .P P
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ww
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O r
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3. The i . mode
i . of asexual reproduction i . i . in bacteria Name i . i
an . organism where cell i . i .
a la
asislaby a
aslala 6. a
lala
asmode aslala is itself
division
a
s.
a sa a sa a sa of reproduction. a sa daadsa
Reproduction in Organisms
P a dad P a dad P a dad P a dad P a
.. P P
.gametes
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. . Ans. Bacteria, Amoeba.ww . P .. P
ww
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. O r
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O . O rgrg
organism
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a
(d)
l lia i .
Zoospore formation l a ia i . l a ia i . l a ia i .
d adsaasa [Ans. a d saasal formation] dadsawith
adEndospore asalan avian example. asaasal
dad daadsa
. P a
P a . P (b)
P a . P a a
Ans.
P Phenomenon – . P a
Parthenogenesis
P . P a
P
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are wwww. wwww.
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l a lia.O
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i . O l alia.Oi . O
(b) Parthenogenesis from l alia.Oi . O
animals. l alia.Oi . O
a d adsaas(c)
a Sexual
a d aasaBoth a and b
ads(d) d
Ans.
a
asa
adsa(i) Development of an
a d adsaasinto
egg
a
a complete Pad adsa
ab
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ww ww ww ww fertilization is knownwasw w
ww
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parthenogenesis.
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5. Assertion and reasoning questions:
In ieach
.O rg rg
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O there are (ii)
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O is of two main
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l al a i . la li
a i . l alia i .
namely, Natural l ali
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d adsaastwo
a statements. One is assertion
d adsaasa (A) and other dadsaasa d ad saasa daadsa
ur
P a
. .P a is reasoning (R). Mark
P
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Parthenogenesis.
a P
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wwww A. If bothwAw www
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wbees,
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If . rgrg A and R are true but
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saaslalacorrect explanationdfor aslala a
aslalReproduction saaslala process by
.s
d ad adsaA. Ans.
d adsa(i) is a d a
biological
d daadsa
P
.. a
P a C. If A is true but P a
P a
. R. is false. ..PPa a P a
P a
. . produce their youngww . PPa
ww
ww
ww
D. If both w
w
Aw
www
and R are false. ww wwww which organisms
w ww
w
ww
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w
ones. Reproduction results in continuation
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I. Assertion:
rrg g In bee society, all therrg members
g of rspeciesgrg and introduces.Ovariations rgrg
l a ia. O
i
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i . O l a i
ina. O
i . O
organisms which arel a i i . O
essential
a for
s asal s asal s asal s asal
P a daad a Reason: Drones
P a da ad a
are produced by
P a daad a adaptation and
P a daa
evolutiond a of their own kind.
P a daadsa
.
ww. P parthenogenesis.ww.. P .
ww. P . P
ww. can only bring about .
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w
ww ww ww (ii) Sexual Reproductionww ww

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w w w w w w
variation in the organism since it involves
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l alia i . l alia i . l alia i .
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w
a da Assertion: a
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.P.P
ww ww .P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P .P.P
ww
ww
ww reproduction
wwww are genetically identicalwto ww
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parent. (iii) Thus, sexual & asexual reproduction can
.O r
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aal alia i . aa l alia i . l ali
a i .
a a sexual reproduction aissaasaid la lia i.
daadsas daadsas daadsas effective than asexual sa to be more
dadreproduction daadsa
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ww
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i . O . rgrg
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a
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d a
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Zoology
a l al a i
.
ww.P P 10. The unicellular organisms
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Chapter 1
a daadsaasa the parental organism a da adsaasadivides into two adaadsaasa parthenogenesis. adaadsaasa a daadsa
.
ww P. P halves andww . P. P
each half forms a daughter ww. P.P (b) In honey bees .
wbothP. P
w sexual reproductionwand ww. P. P
m
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individual.
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i . O . rgrg like bacteria, Amoeba

organism
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i .O . rgrg
O
parthenogenesis. Itris
i .O . Ogrg
a kind
aa a
(ii)
l l a i At maturity the single parent
l
asa al a i cell divides, l aof
l a i
natural parthenogenesis. l al a i
daadsas to form the daughter daadsacells. adsa asa During sexual reproduction, aa
daadsas the fertilized Padaadsa
co
a a The parent cell ad a a
ww P
. .P does notwdie ww P.P it becomes a part ofwthe
. but ww P
. .P ww P
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ww
ww w w w w w w eggs (zygotes)
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(iii) O
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O
a i i . a i i . a i i . a i .
saaslala reproduce by binary aslalaare considered
sfission saaslalbeesa are called parthenogenesis saaslalaanimals.
s.
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P a daad P a daad P a daadsa
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number w
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a laalia. O
i like
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a laalia. O
i . O
a laalia. O
i . O
chromosomes since they are
a laalia. i r The
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haploid.
P a daadsas the grow.
parent organism
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natural
s
death.
to live and
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11. Why is the offspring formed by asexual sperm (n) + egg (n) = 2n
o
reproduction
. O r
Org g referred as a clone?
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. O r g g they have 32 chromosomes.
Orthe drones .O rgrg
O
l alia i . l alia i . l alia
Sincei . (males) l alia i
are
. formed
a saasClones
Ans. a refers to the group
a saasa of genetically dadsaasa a saasa s
d d
a a identical cells or organisms d d
a a asexually produced.P.P aa from unfertilized d d
aeggs(n)
a they have only .P.P adaada
ab
.
ww P. P . P. P
wprogenitor
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ww Honey bees show ww
ww
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Asexual reproduction involves a single parent. incomplete parthenogenesis.
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.O rg rg
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reproduction
O .O rgrgbetween the following:
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O
l alia i . la li
a i . 14. Differentiate
l alia i . l alia i .
aare
a morphologically andasgenetically asa similar to asa Binary fission in amoeba aa
daadsastheir parents and are dadacalled daadsa(a) daadsas and multiple Padaadsa
ur
P
. .P a P
. .P a
hence clones. P
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12. Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal w w w w
(b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hydra w w
at a greater g
r rg risk as compared to offsprings
g
r rg of (c) Regeneration
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i . O
i
viviparous
a
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i . O Ans. alala a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
saaslala
.s
d adsaasOviparous
Ans. animals lay d a saasoutside
eggs
d their body. d adsas d ad daadsa
P
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. . to various environmental ..P a
P
(a)a Binary Fission in..P a
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wwww These eggs arewexposedww
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conditions and may be eaten by predators also.
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w
rgrglot of risks until the rgrg ones The nucleus rgrg divides The nucleus rgdivides
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l a a
al But the offspringsasof l al a l a a l a a
d adsaashatche. d d
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nuclear division to as that of nuclei and
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13. Give reasons g for the following: g
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i . . rgrgdaughter each parti.encircles
O O . rgrg a
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a adsaa sa adsaasa nucleus.
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s
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da . P. a
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da . P. a
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da Two daughter cells are .P .Pa da
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ww formed.
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l alia.Oi . O
individual without l a ia
fertilization
l .Oi . Ois known as l ali
a.O i . O la lia.Oi. O
asaasa parthenogenesisaItdaisadsaofastwo a sasa
aada asaasa asa
ww Padad
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a i
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d a
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l a la i l al a Sura’s
Zoology
a l al a i
. P P
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15. How is juvenile
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Hydra
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l a l a l al a l al a l al a
a daadsaasaorganism.
produces
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an outgrowth a daadtosaasadeveloped by dadsa(i)
mitotic divisions a a
asa
Juvenile phase/ vegetativea daadsaasa phase is the adaadsa
.P.P
ww ww .P.P w .P.P period of growth ww .P.P between the birth of the ww.P.P
m
ww
ww form a bud. ww w
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and
w isw w ww
w w ww
w
parent cell divides and a multicellular. individual upto reproductive maturity.
daughter
i .O . rgrgnuclei enters the i.O.O
O rgrg (ii) During
i .O . rgrg reproductive phase/
O i .O . Ogrg
rmaturity
l a l a i l al a i l al a i
phase the organisms l a
reproduce
l a i and their
saasabud which is unicellular. saasa saasa saasa daadsa
co
a daad a daad a daad offsprings reach d a
maturity
a a d period. a
ww P
. .P A Chain of buds ww P P be Chain of buds
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. . between syngamy andww . P
ww
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regrowth ww ww . 16. What is the difference w ww
w
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w
fertilization?
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lizardrr
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d adsaasaIt
l
shows the d saasal shows the dadsaand
adLizard asalfemale gamete in sexual
d
lreproduction
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a a a a a a is called fertilization. It
a includes
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ww
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from
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a d adsaasaThe whole body can a d
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ab
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wwww be got by regeneration
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aal al a i but la
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Additional Questions
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a i . O
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aslala the Correct Aanswer saaslala 1 Mark saaslala saaslala
.s
C
sahoose
P a daad P a da d P a daad P a daad P a daadsa
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for the below Questions (a) Vorticella and ceratium
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. O rgrg and paramecium i.O.O
O rgrg
l a ia i . l a ia i . l a ia i . l a a i
1. sa al
adasTransverse Binary fissionsisa seenl is ____
asaParamecium
l
asa Amoeba
adsa(c) and cyanobacteriaadsaasa
l
P a da (a) Vorticella P a daad(b)
P a da (d) Vorticella and P a d
plasmodiuma P a daadsa
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2. aIn
l al i .O
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l alia.Oi .Oof asexual l a
multiple
asa lia. i.O fission. l alia.Oi . O
a adsasa adsaasa
w
a daadsasreproduction seen isa__________

da a daadsa(a) Plasmodium a da adaada
s
.
ww P. P (a) Simple Binary . P. P
wwfission ww . P. P ww.P .P ww. P. P
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l al
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a Longitudinal binary afission saasa aa asa (b) Amoeba]
P a daadsas Ans.
P a daOblique
d P a daadsa s P a daads[aAns. P a daadsa
ww . .P ww [ . .P
(c) binary
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i . O . rgrg
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a
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P
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P a P
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Sample
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l al a i l a la Sura’s
Zoology
a l al a i
.
ww.P P 5. Plasmotomy is observed
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P Conjugation is seen .
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O
i [Ans. (a) l a Giant
l a i [ l al a i Ans.la(a)l a iVorticella]
Chapter 1
a daadsaasGiant
6.
a
Amoeba refers a d
to
a
saasa
ad_________ a d
15.
a
asa
adsaPaedogamy is the sexual a d adsaasaof ____
union
a adaada
s
.
ww P. P ww. P. P ww. P. P . P. P
wwdifferent gametes .
ww P. P
m
ww
ww (a) Opalina ww ww (b) Pelomyxaww ww (a) morphologically ww ww wwww
(c) Ceratium (d) Trichonympha (b) physiologically different gametes
O
. i. r
O gr g Ans. O
. i. r
O gr g (c) young .O rgrindividuals
O g immediately .O O grg the
rafter
[
l alia l a lia (b) Pelomyxa]
l alia i . l alia i .
adsaas________
a
daadsas
aa aa
daadsas formation from parents daadsas
aa
daadsa
co
a da7. is seen in Aurelia.
a a a a
P
. .P P
. .P (b) Regeneration ww P
. P (d) dissimilar gametes P
. .P P
. .P
ww
ww
ww (a) Binary fission
w www ww
wwww . [Ans. (c) young w w
ww
windividuals
w immediately w ww
w
after
ww
(c) Sporulation (d) Strobilation
[
. O r
O gr g Ans. (d)O
. r grg
Strobilation]
O . O r
O grg the formation from.parent O r
O grgcell]
laaliai.
asBudding aslaaliai. aslaaliai. is a seasonal breeder
16. s________ aslaaliai.
s.
dad s
8.
a a is seen in ________
a
dad sa a a
dad (a) Poultry Pada(b) adsa daadsa
..P a
P (a) Noctiluca ..P a
P (b) Amoeba ..P a
P .. P Honey bees ..P a
P
wwww ww ww wwww (c) Deers ww ww (d) Rabbit ww ww
ww (c) Nostoc ww (d) Planaria ww ww ww
[Ans. (c) Deers]
ok
[ r gr g Ans. (a)rg r g
Noctiluca] rgrg rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O 17. i
Technique
l a a. O
i . O used for cultivation l a i
ofa. O
i . O
sponges is
9.
s al
asGemmules are ________asa al s asal s asal
P a daa a
d (a) Exogenous growth P a da d a s
P a daad abased on ______
P a da ad a
P a daadsa
.
ww. P .
ww. P .
ww. P (a) Multiple fission ww. P
. (b) Parthenogenesis .
ww. P
ww
ww (b) Daughter ww wnuclei
w ww
ww w ww
w w ww
w
(c) Regeneration (d) Autogamy
(c) Internal buds
o
O r
Org g
.Regenerated .O r
Org g [
.O r
Org g Ans. rgrg
(c) Regeneration]
.O O
(d)
l a ia i . parts l a ia i . l a ia i . l a ia i .
l l l l
a d adsaas [a
a d adsaas(c)
Ans. a Internal buds] 18. asaExternal
a d d
asa fertilization is seen
a d adsaisas_______
a
adaada
s
ab
. P. P a . P. P a . P. P a (a) Mammals and . P

birds. P a . P. P
ww 10. Regenerationwisw ww seen in ________ ww w ww ww
ww
ww ww not ww w (b) Reptiles and ww wsponges
w wwww
(a) Starfish (b) Lizard
rgrg rgrg (c) Fishesrg and
rg birds rgrg
(c) i.Hydra
Oi .O (d) Sea
i Anemone
.O
i . O i . O
i . O i .O
i . O
l al a l ala (d)
l Sponges
al a and amphibians l al a
dad asaas[
a asaas(d)
Ans. a Sea Anemone]
dad sasa
adaada[Ans. (d) Sponges
sasa
adaadaand amphibians] daadsa
ur
P a
. .P 11. Autogamy is seen P a
.in.P__________ P
. .P P
. .P P
. .P a
wwww ww ww ww
ww 19. Isogamy is observed wwww in ______
ww
ww
ww (a) Paramecium
ww (b) Plasmodium
ww w w ww
(a) Monocystis (b) Mammals
(c) Hydra
O Or gr g (d) AmoebaO r
O grg O r
O grg O rgrg
O
a
lalai. i. a i . i . (c) Trichonympha
a i . i . (d) Reptiles
a i . i .
saasla(a)la Paramecium] aslala lala
.s
saas[ Ans. sa[ saas(a)

P a daad P a daad P a daad P a da a
Ans.
d Monocystis]
P a daadsa
ww P
. . 12. If the entire organism ww P
. . behaves as a gamete, the ww P
. . 20. Human beings exhibit ww P
. . ________ ww.. P
ww
ww Phenomenon wwwiswcalled ____
ww
ww ww ww wwww
(a) Hologamy (b) Exogamy
w
(a) Autogamy
r g g (b) Syngamy r g g r g g rgrg
(c) i . O
i . O r
Morphallaxis (d) i . O
i
Hologamy. O r (c) Isogamy
i . O
i . O r (d) Paedogammy
i . O
i . O
l a
al a asall a a l
asala a l a a
l Exogamy]
a daadsaas[ a daadsaAns. (d) Hologamy] ad aadsa[ a da
saasa(b)
adAns. a daadsa
. P P
ww. 13. Conjugationw . P
wtype. P . P P
ww. 21. Paedogenesis iswseen . P P
wwin. _______ .
ww. P P
wwiswa w
w
ww
ww of ________ ww
ww w w w wwww
(a) Gall fly (b) Honey bees
(a) Asexual reproduction
.O
(b) Autogamyr
Org g .O r
Org g (c) Aphis
.O rg
Or g (d) Hydra rgrg
O
a laalia i . a l
a alia i . a
[ laalia i . a l
Ans.
aal i.OGall fly]
ia.(a)
w
a s s(c) External fertilization a s s a s s a s s s

. P. adada (d) Sexual reproduction
P . P. adada
P . P. P
dada
a22. Ovovivipary is seen P
in
. .Pa dada
______ . P. adaada
P
wwww ww ww wwww wwww www
ww [ ww Ans. (d) Sexual reproduction] ww (a) Solenobia ww (b) Humans www
rgrg rgrg (c) Birds rgrg (d) Shark rg g
l alia. O
i . O l ali
a . O
i . O [ l ali
a . O
i . O i
Ans.
lal a.Oi .
(d)OrShark]
aa aa aa aa
. .P
ww . .P
ww . .P
ww . .P
ww ww. .P
ww
ww ww
ww ww
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ww
a
lalai . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
a
d saaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P
s a laalia. i.This is only for a
Sample
s laalia. i. s a laalia. i. www.TrbTnpsc.com s a laalia. i.
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daadsa
.. P for Full P
. Bookstores .. P
ww
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i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
i ➠ XII Std -l Zoology
a l a i l al a i
.
ww.P P 23. Which statement ww.. is
P P incorrect regarding the
. P P
ww. II. Choose thewC . P P . P P
ww
ww type of binary ww wfission?
w wwww w w w.
worrect options for
w wwww.
w
the below Fill in the blanks
w
(a) Transverseg binary fission in g seen in
i O r
Or
.Planaria.
. g
i .O . r
Or g 1. Paramecium i .O . rgrg and planaria show
O i .O . rgrg
________
O
l al a i l al a i l a l a i l al a i
a daadsaas(b)
a Longitudinal binaryasafission
a da d
asa in seen in
a da
asa of division during asexual
adsatypes a da adsaasareproduction adaada
s
.
ww P. P Euglena. www . P. P ww. P. P (a) Transverse binary
ww . P P
fission
. ww. P. P
m
ww
ww ww fission in seen in flagellates
wbinary wwww (b) Longitudinal ww wbinary
w fission
ww
ww
(c) Oblique .
(d) Simple rgrgbinary fission in seeni.O in rAmoeba.
grg (c) Simple rgrbinary
g fission rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a a i . O (d)
l a i .
Oblique
a O
i . O binary fission l a ia.Oi . O
aa l [ Ans. (c) Oblique aa
by l
fission in seen in aa l aa l
daadsas daadsas daadsas daadsas binary fission] Padaadsa
co
a a flagellates] a [Ans. (a) Transverse
a
ww P
. .P ww P
. .P ww P
. .P ww P
. .P ww. .P
ww
ww 24. All of the w ww
following
w are methods of asexual wwww 2. Special type w ww
ofw transverse division seen winw
ww
reproduction Aurelia is called ________.
. O r
O grg except. . O r
O grg O
(a) aplasmotomy
. rgrg
O (b) strobilation
. O rgrg
O
(a)
a
lalai i .
Regeneration (b)
aslala i .
Conjugation
a i i i .
la laceration a i i .
saas(c) aslapedal slala
saasporulation
s.
a Sporulation ada s(d) Fragmentation
a a sa(c) (d)
a daadsa
P a da d P a d P a da d P a da d P a
.. P P
. . Ans. (d) Conjugation] .. P P
. . [Ans. (b) strobilation]ww . P
ww
ww
ww [
ww ww ww
wwwwww
ww wwww ww .
ww
25. This is a method of sexual reproduction 3. Fragmentation in sea Anemone is also known
ok
in i.which
O . rgrgindividuals of thei.O
O same
. rgrgspecies
O as ________.
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a
al a i l a
al a i l a l a i l a a i
d adsaastemporarily write and
d adsaasexchange certain
d adsa(a)
asamorphallaxis
d
(b) sasal laceration
adapedal daadsa
. P a
P a amount of nuclear
. P a
P a
material and then get
. P a
P a (c) archaeocytes . P a
P a(d) epimorphosis . P a
P
wwww. separated. ww ww ww. wwww. wwww .
[Ans. (b) pedal laceration] ww ww.
ww ww ww ww
(a) Syngamy (b) Conjugation
o
rgrg rgrg 4. Endogenous rgrgbuds are seen in _________. rgrg
(c)
l a ia. O
i O
Parthenogenesis
. l a a. O
(d) Paedogenesis
i i . O (a)
l a ia. O
i . O
Trichonympha (b) Hydra
l a ia.Oi . O
l l l l
a d adsaas[
a
a d saasa(b) Conjugation] dadsa(c)
adAns. a
asa
Actinosphaerium ad adsaasa
(d) Noctiluca adaada
s
ab
. P. P a . P. P a . P. P a . P. P a . P. P
wwww 26. All the following ww ww animals are continuous wwww wwww [Ans. (d) Noctiluca] ww ww
ww ww ww ww ww
breeders, except. 5. The gravid proglottids are cut off from the
O Orgrg
(a) i.Frogs (b) HoneyO
. i. r
O grg
bees parent .O
bodyrgrgin ________
O .O rgrg
O
l al a i .
a a Poultry l ali
a l alia i . l alia i .
daadsas(c) aasa
daads(d) Rabbit
asaTapeworm (Taenia solium)
daadsa(a)
aa
daadsas daadsa
ur
P a P a Ans. P a P a P a
www w. .P [
w. .P www
(a)
w. .P (b) Liver fluke w. .P
Frogs]
www www w. .P www
ww 27. In honey bees, wwthe mode of reproductionw isw (c) Planaria ww (d) Blood fluke ww
rgrgand Asexual
(a) Sexual rgrg [rAns.
grg (a) Tapeworm (Taenia grg
rsolium)]
a i . O
i. O
lalaSexual and Parthenogenesis a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
saas(b) saaslala aslala ala______
saaslby
.s
6. asRegeneration was first studied

P a d
a a
d (c) Asexual and P a d
aad
Parthenogenesis P a d
a d a
(a) A.G. Tansley P a da a
d
(b) Charles Bonnet P a daadsa
..
ww P ww.. P ..
ww P ..
ww P ww..P
ww
ww (d) All the w ww
above
w wwww (c) Abrahamw ww
Trembley
w (d) Walter Gilbert ww
ww
[Ans. (b) Sexual and Parthenogenesis] [Ans. (c) Abraham Trembley]
w
rgrg rgrg rgrg rgrg

28. In
s a a.Oi.O bees, the unfertilized
laalihoney s a a.O
laalieggi.O produces. laalia.O
7. Regeneration
s a i.O was first studiedalin
s aalia.O
i.O
_______
P a
s
daada (a) Queen bee Padaad(b) s
a Worker bee
P a
s
daada(a) star fish Pada(b) s
adaPlanaria
P a daadsa
.
ww. P (c) Drones ww ww.. P .
ww. P . P
ww. (d) Aurelia .
ww. P
w
ww
ww w w ww (c) Hydra w ww w ww
w
(d) Worker bee and male honey bee
w
w [Ans. (c) Hydra]
w
[
.O rg
Or g Ans.
.O r
Or g
(c) g
Drones]
.O rg g
Or ____ type of regeneration. .O rgrg
O
l a ia i . l a ia i . 8. Starfish
l a ia i .shown l a ia i .
l l l l
adsaasThis
a is the sexual unionaof saasyoung
a individuals asaepimorphosis - reparative adsaasa
w
a da
29.
a d
a d a daadsa(a) a d
a a daadsa
.
ww P. P produced ww . P
immediately. P after the division of ww.
the P. P (b) epimorphosis .P.P
(restorative)
w w ww. P. P
ww
ww adult parent www w
cell by mitosis.
ww
ww ww ww ww
ww
(c) morphallaxis
(a) Paedogamy
rgrg (b) Hologamy rgrg (d) paedogenesis
rgrg rgrg
(c)
l a ia. O
i . O
Merogamy l ia. O
i
(d) Anisogamy
a . O l a
i
a.Oi . O Ans. la ia.O
i. O
sasa l l
saasa(a) Paedogamy] dadsaasa l [ (b) epimorphosis
sasa l
(restorative)]
s
.P.Padaada [ .P.P adaadAns. .P.P aa .P.P adaada .P.P adaada
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg 7
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
adsaaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P
ww
ww
Sample
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daadsa
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. Bookstores .. P
ww
ww
ww
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i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
i ➠ XII Std -l aZoology
l a i l a l a i
.
ww.P P 9. The sexual union
.
ww. P P of young individuals. P P
ww. III. Identify the . P P . P P
ww
ww produced immediately
ww ww after the division wthe
wof w wwww w.
wcorrect Statements ww
ww w
w .
w
parent cell is called _____. 1. (i) Budding in leucosolenia g
. O rgrg
O
(a) Paedogamy
i . i .
(b) hologamy O . rgrg
O (ii) In i . O rgrg is seenmultiple
O
paramecium
. fission
i .O . O rg
roccurs
l al a i l a l a i l a l a i l a l a i
Chapter 1
a daadsaas(c)
a merogamy
a da aasa
ads(d) isogamy a da
asa autogamy, the amale
adsa(iii) In a da dsaasa and female
a daadsa
.
ww P. P ww. P. P [Ans. (a) Paedogamy] ww. P. P gametes are . P.
produced
w P by the same cell.www . P. P
m
ww
ww ww ww ww
ww ww w
wfertilization w
10. _________ refers to the fusion of small sized, (iv) Internal w occurs in frogsww
rgrg
morphologically different gametes rgrg (a) i and riii grg (b) i and iv rgrg
l i . Oi . O
alaIsogamy l ia. O
i
aHologamy. O (c)
l i . O
i . O
aiilaand iii (d) aii laalia.O
and iiv.O
s a (a)
a s a
(b) a l s a a s
daadas(c) Paedogamy Padaad(d) Merogamy as s s (a) i and iii] daadsa
co
P a P a daada[ P a daadaAns. P a
. .P
ww ww. .P ww. .P ww . .P ww. .P
ww
ww ww ww [Ans. (d) Merogamy] ww
ww 2. (i) Lizard iswaw wcontinuous
w breeder. wwww
11. Fusionrof grgmorphologically and physiologically grg (ii) Asexual grg reproduction is also.Oknown grg as
. O O . O r
O . O r
O r
O
laaliai. gametes is called ________.
assimilar aslaaliai. aslaalisomatogenic
ai. reproductionlaliai.
saasa ones do not
s.
d adsa (a) anisogamy d ad s
a
(b) hologamy d adsa(iii) In repeated fission, d ayoung
d daadsa
..P a
P a ..P a
P a ..P a
P a P a
P a
. . process is completed.ww . P a
P
ww
ww
ww (c) isogamy ww ww ww (d) merogamy ww
ww
ww separate till
w ww
w
fission
w w wwww .
[Ans. (c) isogamy] (iv) strobilation is a kind of longitudinal
fission.
ok
O Og g
r r of certain amount of nuclear O O g g
r r material O rgrg
O O rgrg
O
12. Exchange
l a ia. i . l a ia. i . (a)
l ai i .
and
a i . iii (b) i, l a
ii i
and
a. i . iv
al sexual reproduction
adsaasduring
l
adsaasisacalled ________. adaadsa(c) asal adsaaiisa
l
P a da P a da P ii and iii P a da(d) and iv P a daadsa
.
ww. P (a) strobilation .
ww. P (b) conjugation ww. . P ww.. P Ans. (c) ii and
.
ww. P
ww
ww ww ww ww
ww [ wwww ww
iii]
ww
(c) pedal laceration (d) sporulation
o
rgrg [Ans. (b) conjugation]
rgrg IV. rMgrgatch the following rgrg
l a ia. Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
l l l l
a d adsaasPaedogenetic
13. a
a d adsaasa is seen in ____ a1.
parthenogenesis
d
asa
adsa1. Strobilation a d
asa Hydra
adsa(a) adaada
s
ab
. P. P a (a) planula larvae .of

P. P a
enidarians . P. P a 2. Regeneration . P. P a (b) Noctilucawww . P. P
ww ww of pleurobranchia ww w ww
ww
ww (b) Cydippid ww wlarvae
w ww w 3. Conjugation wwww
(c) Bacteria www
(c) Redia larvae of liver fluke
(d) i O Orgrg
.Trochophore
. .O
larvae of Annelids.
i . rgrg
O 4. Endogenous
i .O . rgrg budding (d) i.Aurelia
O O . rgrg
O
l
aa al a i lala i
asa of liver fluke] A)
aa l a
1l a
– ib 2 – c 3 – a 4 – d
aal al a i
dadsas dadsalarvae
[Ans. (c) Redia daadsaB) s 1 – d 2 – a 3 –Pc ada4ad–sabs daadsa
ur
P a a
. .P 14. In ______ types P a a
.of.Pnatural parthenogenesis P
. .P a . .P P
. .P a
wwww ww ww wwww C) 1 – d 2 –wa w www3w– b 4 – c wwww
ww ww ww ww
only females are produced. D) 1 – a 2 – d 3 – c 4 – b
. O Or
(a) Thelytoky gr g (b) Arrhenotoky
. O r
O gr g [ . O rgAns.
O rg (B) 1 – d 2 – a i3.O –.O rgrg4 – b]
c
a i i.
lalapaedogenesis a i
la i . a i
la i . a i
aslaAmphitoky sa1. aslaArchaeocytes slalaGall fly
.s
d adsaas(c) da ds(d)
a 2.
d ad d adsaa(a) daadsa
P
.. Pa a P
.. Pa a [ Ans. (a) Thelytoky] ..P a
P a ..P a
P a ..P a
P
wwww ww ww ww
wcan
w 2. Buds wwww (b) Gemmules wwww
ww 15. In ______ w types
w of parthenogenesis egg ww w w
3. Pseudopodiospores (c) Hydra
w w
w
developginto individuals of any sex. g g

i . O . rr
O
(a) Thelytoky
g
i . O .
(b) paedogenesis
rr
O i . O . rgrg
4. Parthenogenesis
O (d) Amoeba
i . O . rgrg
O
l a a i
al Amphitoky l ala i l a a i
asal – d 2 – b 3 – a 4a–sacasal l a a i
a d
a adsaas(c) a d
a aasa
ads(d) Arrhenotoky a daadsa(A) 1
(B) 1 – d 2 – c 3 – a a da4d– b a daadsa
.
ww.P P . P P
ww. [Ans. (c) Amphitoky] .
ww.P P w3w. P. P .
ww. P P
w
ww
ww w ww
w wwww (C) 1 – c 2 –wb ww
w – d 4 – a w ww
w
16. ______ is a process by which the proglottids (D) 1 – b 2 – c 3 – d 4 – a
are cut O
. i.O r g
off
r gfrom the tapeworm. O
. i.O r gr g .O rgAns.
O rg (D) 1 – b 2 – c i3.O –.O rgrg4 – a]
l alia l alia [
l alia i . l al a i d
adsaas(a)
a Apolysis ads(b)
aasapedal laceration
adsaasa adsaasa
w
s
. P. a
P
d
a (c) budding . P. a
P
d
a (d) plasmotomy . P. a
P
P
wwww ww ww [Ans. (a) Apolysis] ww ww wwww wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
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Zoology
a l al a i
.
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ww.the correct .
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ww
ww w www w ww
w 5 – Monaxon w ww
w
spicules wwww
assertion and reason
g rgrgare two (a) 1-A 2-D 3-B 4-C 5-
rgrg E rgrg
In each
l alia.O i . Oofrgthe following questions
r
l alia.Oithere
. O (b) l alia.Oi . O
1-C 2-B 3-A 4-E 5-D l alia.O i . O
a daadsaasstatements.
a One is assertion
a daadsaasa(A) and other is adaadsa(c) asa
1-D 2-E 3-B 4-C 5-A a daadsaasa adaada
s
. P. P reasoning (R). Mark . P .the
P correct answer as . P. P . P. P . P. P
ww wwR are true and R is correct ww ww ww
m
ww
ww A. If bothwAw wand
w wwww (d) 1-A 2-E 3-D 4-B 5-C
wwww wwww
explanation for A [Ans. (c) 1-D 2-E 3-B 4-C 5-A]
B. .IfO r
O gr g
both A and R are truelabut .O R
r gr g
Ois not the 2. lalia.AO rgrg
O .O rgrg
O
l a ia i . ia i . i . D l a ia i .
aa l l l
daadsas correct explanation adsaAasa daadsas
aa aa
daadsas daadsa
co
P a P a dafor P a P a P a
. .P
ww C. If A is true but ww. R.Pis false ww. .P ww. .P . .P
ww
ww
ww w ww w
D. If both A and R are false. w w
w w w w
w w wwww
1. Assertion :
i . O . rgrg In paramecium, thei.O
O . rgrg
macronucleus
O i . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
a i
lala by amitosis andsasthe a i
lala micronucleus a i a i
saasdivides saaslala saaslala
s.
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P a da d divides by mitosis. P a da d P a da d B C P a da d E P a
..
ww P ww.. P ww.. P ww.. P ww.. P
ww
ww Reason : Paramecium ww ww shows transversewbinary ww
w w ww
w wwww
fission Identify the correct option to label the diagram
ok
g g
r r (A) Both A and R are
Ans. g g
r r and R is 1 – Bud forming rgrg 2 – Osculumi.O.O rgrg
[
l a ia. Oi . O l a ia. O
true
i . O 3 –l a i
Buda. O
i . O
growing 4 – l
Daughter a a i
individual
l al l l
a daadsaasa a aadsaasexplanation
correct
d
for A]
a daadsa5as–aIndividual parent adaadsaasa a daadsa
.
ww.P P 2. Assertion : . P
Ovoviviparity
ww. P is seen is shark .
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ww. P P
ww
ww ww ww wwww (a) 1-A 2-D 3-B 4-C 5-
wwww E ww
ww
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o
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OR is false] (c) rgrg
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l
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a
: The a d
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a d adsaasa adaada
s
ab
. P P a3. . P P a . P P Ans. . P P a . P P
wwww . animals have w
now w .
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their
. [ (b)
ww ww .
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wwww .
ww ww ww w ww ww
mothers. 3. A
g g g B
Reason
i .O . r rg
O: Embryos receive nourishment
i .O . r rg
O from i .O . r
O rg
i .O . rgrg
O
l a
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a egg yolk.
daadsas [Ans. (A) Both d adsaasa d adsaasa dadsaasa d adsa
ur
a a a a a C a a a a
wwP
. .P wwP
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alaaliaoptions a i . i . O a i . i . O
saaslala saaslala
.s
sas sas E
P a d
a ad for the parts
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of d
aa d
the diagram P a d
a ad P a d
a ad P a daadsa
..
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ww P ww.. P ww.. P ww.. P
ww
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B Identify the correct option to label the diagram
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1. A r g g r g g rgrgstructure rgrg
i . O
i . O r C i . O
i. O r Identifyi . O
i . the
O i . O
i . O
l al a l ala la l a l al a
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a adsaDasa a d
a adsa1as–aImmature proglottids a d
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w
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l al a i l al a i l a i l al a i
adsaasa adsaasa asa1-C 2-E 3-A 4-D 5- adsaasBa
w
a d
a a d
a a d
a adsa(a) a d
a adaada
s
.
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ww
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Identify the correct option to label the diagram (c) 1-D 2-E 3-B 4-C 5-A
. rgrg
1 –i.Archaeocytes
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l al a i l ala i l ala i Ans. lal a i
adad asaas3a– Micropyle a dad asaasa a daada sasa
[
a daada
(a) sasa
1-C 2-E 3-A 4-D 5-
a
B]
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ww.P.P wwP
. .P wwP
. .P P
. .P
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. .P
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i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg 9
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
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Zoology
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1. i.
l al i
a i . - placenta l a lia i . 1. (a)
l alia i
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Paramecium
a i .
Chapter 1
a daadsaasii.
a Taenia solium - Regeneration
a daadsaasa d
a a
asa
adsa(c) Vorticella a da adsaaHydra
(d) sa
adaada
s
.
ww P. P iii. Frog ww . P. P
w - Continuous breederww w . P. P ww . P. P ww. P. P
m
ww
ww iv. Plasmotomy
ww w - Pelomyxa ww w w ww
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Reason: It reproduces, asexually by budding
[Ans. (d) Hydra]
wwww
(a) iO and
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iii
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aal al
(c)
i
a . (d)
aa l a
i,lia
ii i .
and l al
fission.
aa ia aal a lia i .
daadsas daadsas[Ans. (c) i and iv] Padaadsas daadsas daadsa
co
P
. .P a P
. .P a . .P2. (a) Hydra P a
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. P a
ww
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ww
2. i. Sporogony ww wwww
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(c) Sea anemones wwwwww
(d) Leucosoleniawww
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iii.
a
lala i . O
i . O
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fission
a O
i . O Reason:
a i . O
i .
ItOreproduces asexually by a i . O
i . O
fragmentation
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saaslafertilization aslala saaslaalasexually by
s.
d ad Birds - d a
External
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whereas the others a
reproduce
d d daadsa
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P a ..P a
P a ..P a
P a ..P a
P a ..P a
P
wwww (a) i, ii and iv wwww (b) iii and iv ww ww Budding. wwww ww
ww
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w w (d) ii and iii
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3. (a) Conjugation (b) Hologamy
ok

. O r
O gr g [ Ans.
. O r
(c)
O gr g
ii and iii] (c) Paedogamy
. O r
O gr g (d) Regeneration
. O rgrg
O
l al i
a i . l
asal a ia i . l alia i . l a lia i .
a daadsaasa VIII. Identify athe daadsIancorrect a daadsaasa [Ans.
a da
asaRegeneration]
adsa(d) a daadsa
.
ww.P P . P P
ww. the below ww.. P P Reason: It is associated . P
wwwith P
. asexual reproduction .
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ww
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ww
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reproduction.
o
1. i. Starfish rgrg - Gemmule rgrg rgrg rgrg
l i
a . O
i .
ii. Exogamy
a O - l i
Amoeba
a a. O
i . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
l l 4. s(a) l
asaHoney bees (b) sa l
a d adsaasiii.
a
Tapeworm a d adsaas- Pig
a
a d ada(c) a d adaShark
sa
adaada
s
ab
. P. P a . P. P a . P.
P a Human being . P. P a(d) Cow . P. P
wwww iv. Continuous wwwbreeder
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(a) i, ii and iii (b) ii, iii and iv Reason: It shows sexual reproduction and
(c) .iOand
Orgrg
iv (d) i and.O rgrg
ii
O .O rgrg in its life cycle, i.whereas
parthenogenesis
O O rgrg the
O
l alia i . l a li
a i . l alia i . l al a i .
da
ada2. asas[
a asasaAns. (d) i and ii]
dada d dasa
asa show sexual reproduction
others
d
aa
dasas only daadsa
ur
. P. P i. Planaria www P Pa
. -.Morphallaxis P
. .P a a P a
. .P a P
. .P a
wwww w wwww ww ww wwww
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ii. Conjugation - Amoeba w w w w w w
Answer in one word*
iii. Autogamy
g
r rg - Paramecium g
r rg rgrg rgrg
a i . O
i. O a i . O
i . O 1. a i . O
i
Ovoviviparity . O is seen in ____ a i . O
i
Ans.. O
asiv.
lalaApolysis - sea anemones
aslala aslala aslala shark]
[
.s
a sa a
dad (a) i and iii Padad(b) ii and ivsa a sa
dad _______ serves to P
2. a
transfer
s
dad nutrients to the Padaadsa
a
P
.. Pa .. P ..P a
P a
P
. . animals before birth. ww . .P
wwww (c) ii and iii ww
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[Ans. (b) ii and iv] [Ans. placenta]
w
3. i. i . O rgrg
O
Hologamy
. - Fusion of .
nature
i O . rgrg
O 3. The eggs i . O . O grgcovered by a membrane
rare i . O in
. rg____
O rg
a daadsaasa a aadsaasa
individuals
d a da adsa asa a da aasa Amphibians] adaadsa
ad[sAns.
.P.P
ww ii. Merogamy .PFusion
w-
w .P of small sized, ww.P.P4. Replacement of lostww .P.P parts is called _____ ww
body .P.P
w
ww
ww wwww w ww
w w ww w w w
w w
morphologically different [Ans. epimorphosis]
rgrg gametes. rgrg 5. Exogenous rgrbuds
g are seen in ____. .O.O rgrg
i
iii.
l a a O
i O
.Paedogamy
. - Fusion of i
young
l a a.Oi . O
individuals l a ia.Oi . O l a ia i Hydra]
l
saasiv.
a l
saasaof dissimilar dadsaasa l saasa l
[ Ans.
w
a a a s
.P. aa
P
d d Isogamy -
. P . aa
P
d
Fusion d . P. a6. a Division of cytoplasm.P.isP
P
d d
acalled
a ________ . P. adaada
P
wwww wwgametes.
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(a) i and iii (b) ii and iv
g 7. Division ofgnucleus is called _______. g g
(c) .iiOandr r g
iii (d) iv .OO rgrg r g Or r
l alia i . O l a li
a i . .O
lalia i.Or lia. i.O
[Ans.lakaryokinesis]
adada asas[
a
a dadaasasa Ans. (d) iv] a adsaasa
dOnly
a a
saasa
daadpattern a daadsa
.P. P P
. .P P *
. .P for quick revision not
P
. .Pin P
. .P
ww ww ww ww ww
a i
lala . O
i . O a i . O
i .O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
d saasorders@surabooks.com d adsaaslala PH: 9600175757 d adsaasla/la8124201000 / d8124301000 ad saaslala daadsa
P
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i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . Orgrg
Zoology
a l al a i
. P P
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. in _________. www.
wiswseen . P 5.
P Define regeneration ww.. mention
P P the types. .
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Ans. vorticella] wwww is regrowth in the injured ww ww
region.
9. Oblique
i . O . rgbinary
O rg fission is seen ini______. . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . Orgrg
l
al a i l a l a i
Ans. (ii) l al Regeneration
a i is of laltwo a i types,
a s as a a s as a [ ceratium]
a s as a a s as a s
. P. P da Longitudinal binary
ada10. . P. adadais seen in ______ .P.P
fission
P adada (a) morphallaxis.P.(b) adaepimorphosis.
P da . P. adaada
P
ww ww ww 6. What is morphallaxis? ww ww
m
ww
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ww ww wwww ww ww
11. The multiple fission of the schizont in Ans. It is a type of regeneration. In morphallaxis,
O
. i. r
O gr g O
. i. r
O gr g the whole O
. i. r
O gr g
body grows from a small .O rgrg
fragment.
O
aal li
plasmodium
a a is called ______ lalia
aa asal alia aal alia i .
daadsas daadsas[Ans. schizogony] PadaadsaE.g. Hydra. daadsas daadsa
co
P a
. .P 12. Schizogony leadsww P
. P a . .P7. What is epimorphosis? P
. .P a P
. .P a
ww
ww
ww
w www to.the production of _______ w wwwww
w ww
w
ww
w ww
w
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in plasmodium. [Ans. Merozoites] Ans. (i) It is type of regeneration which involves
13. Multiple
. O O g g of the oocyte in .plasmodium
r rfission O rgrg
O is . O rgrg of the lost body ipants.
replacement
O . O OrgrItg is of
a i i .
lala ______. a i i . a i i . a i .
saascalled saaslala saaslaltwo a types. saaslala
s.
a a a a daadsa
P a da d P a da d Ans. P a da d (ii) Reparative a d
regeneration,
P a d only certain P a
..
ww P ww .. P [ sporogony]
ww .. P ww .. P ww.. P
ww
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w can be regenerated. ww ww
________. (iii) Restorative regeneration – several body
ok
. O r
O gr g . O r
O gr g parts
. O rgcan
O rg develop. E.g. Star fish. . O Orgrg
l a ia i[.Ans. Amoebulae or l a i i .
Pseudopodiospores]
a l a ia i . l a ia i .
al
adsaasThe al
saasindividuals asal
adsaWhat adsaasa
l
P a da15. temporary unionaof
P daa
two
d of same a
P d
8. a is syngamy?
P a da P a daadsa
.
ww. P species is called w .
w.
____.
P . P
ww. Ans. In syngamy, thewfusion . P
ww. of two haploid gametes .
ww. P
ww
ww w www w www w w w w ww
w
[Ans. conjugation] takes place to produce a diploid zygote.
o
.O r
Org g .O r
Org g rgrg rgrg
a i i . a i i . 9. What a i isO
. i . O
autogamy? a i .Oi . O
adsaV
asaery Short Answers
l a l a l a l a
adsaasa 2 Marks
l l l l
a d a d a d adsaItasisaa type of fertilization.ada
Ans. Inad saasa
autogamy, the male
a daadsa
ab
. P. P a . P. P a . P. P a and female gametes . P. P . P. P

wwww 1. Name the types wwwofwfission. wwww wwwware produced by the same wwww
ww ww
Ans. Binary fission, multiple fission, sporulation, and
ww cell or same organism ww and both the gameteswfuse w
together to rgrform
g a zygote.
l a ia. i Orgrg
strobilation.
.O la i
a . O
i . rgrg
O E.g.
l a ia. O
i . O
Actinosphaerium and l a i
Paramecium.a.Oi . rgrg
O
l l l l
adsaasWhat
da2.
a is peculiar aboutasathe aa
dad s cell division of Pa10.
asa
daadsaWhat daadsas
aa
daadsa
ur
P
. .P a paramecium? ww P
. .P a . .P is exogamy? P
. .P a P
. .P a
wwww ww the wwww Ans. It is a type of w ww ww
fertilization. In exogamy, the w ww
male
ww
ww Ans. In paramecium, ww macronucleus w w
divides w w
by amitosis and female gametes are produced by different
. O Or grg and the micronucleus . O r
O gdivides
r g by
parents . O rgrgthey fuse to form a zygote.
and
O . O rgrSog it is
O
i
mitosis.
a i . a i i . a i i . a i i .
saaslala saaslala aslala E.g. Human – dioecious saaslalaor unisexual
.s
d ad d ad d adsabiparental. d ad daadsa
P
.. Pa a3. What is plasmotomy?
P
.. Pa a ..P a
P a animal. ..P a
P a ..P a
P
wwww Ans. (i) Plasmotomy wwww is the division wwwofw ww ww ww ww
ww ww ww w w w w
multinucleated parent into many 11. Define hologamy.
w
. O Orrg g
multinucleate daughter individuals
. O O g g
r r with Ans. It is ai.type O rgrofg fertilization. In loweri.Oorganisms,
O rgrg
O
l alia i . l alia i . l
asala a i . l al a i .
a daadsaasa the division of nuclei. a daadsaasa a daadsasometimes
not form
the entire mature
gametes but a d
they
a adsaasaorganisms
themselves behave
do
a daadsa
.
ww.P P (ii) Nuclear ww.. P
divisionP occurs later to maintain
ww.. P P w . P P
w.fusion of such mature .
ww. P P
w
ww
ww normal www w
number of nuclei. wwww as gametes and ww ww the wwww
individuals is known as hologamy.
(iii) Plasmotomy
r g g occurs in Opalina r g g and rgrg rgrg
i O O r
. i.Pelomyxa. i O
. i.O r E.g. Trichonympha.
i .Oi . O i .Oi . O
l al a l al a l a l a l al a
adsaas(iv)
a adsaasareproduction. asa adsaasa
w
a da It is a method ofaasexual
da 12.
a daadsaWhat is merogamy? ad a adaada
s
. P. P
ww 4. What are exogenous . P.
ww buds?P . P. P
ww Ans. It is a type of w ww. P.P
fertilization in merogamy, the ww. P. P
ww
ww wwww wwww ww w wwww
fusion of small sized and morphologically
Ans. When buds are formed on the outer surface
.O O grg
rparent .O grg
rexogenous
O different
.O rgrg (merogametes) takes
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l al a i l a l a i l al a i l a i
Chapter 1
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d adsaasa d adsaasa d adsaasa d adsaasa daadsa

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l a–
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w
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wwww ww ww
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l alia i somatogenic or blastogenic
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ww.P P 7. What is apolysis? ww..Write
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i . O
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. i .O
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Chapter 1
a daadsaasa apolysis. a da adsaasa a daadsaasa reproduce by asexual a da

asa their off
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s
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ww P. P (ii) This is w very . P. P
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thergrprimary
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i . O
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i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia.Oi . O
l l l l
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asa are gemmules?
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aa
daadsasreproduction in Padaadsa
co
P a da8. Explain the types of
P a
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asexual
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ww ww . .P ww . .P ww . .P ww. .P
ww
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s.
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P a da ad P a a
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i .
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a (iv)
l al a i l al a i
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O . O rgrg
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i . form a a i i . a i i .
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a d ad d adsaasViviparous daadsa
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ww ww ww
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
Zoology
a l al a i
.
ww.P P 14. What is ovoviviparous
ww. . P P condition? ww.. P 18.
P . P P
Longitudinal
ww. furrow .
ww.P P
ww
ww ww
Ans. (i) In Ovoviviparous
ww animals, the embryo ww ww ww
ww ww ww
Daughter
Euglena
develops
g inside the egg and remains g in the Chromosomes g g
O Or r
. imother’s
. g body until they lare O
.ready
. r r g
O to hatch. O
. i.O
Nucleoli r r g . i.O g
O r Nucleus
r
l alia alia i l alia l alia
adsaas(ii) adsaasa saasa adsaasa
a This method of reproduction Nucleus
is similar ada s
. P. a
P
da . P. a
P
da . P.P a d . P. a
P
da . P. adaada
P
ww to Viviparity ww but the embryos haveww wno ww Nuclear ww
m
ww
ww placentalww ww
connection with the mother wwandw ww
ww constriction ww ww
(i) Identify
. O
receive
. Orgrg their nourishment from . O .
the
rgrgegg yolk.
O . O . O g the Process.
rgrthe .O . rgrg
O
l alia i Ovoviviparity is seen in l ali
fishesa i like shark. (ii)
l aliName
a i Organism. l alia i
adsaasa aa
daadsaisshydra?
asa Longitudinal binary fission
daadsa(i) daadsas
aa
daadsa
co
a da15. a Ans.
a a a
P
. .P How does budding Poccurs
. .P P
. .P (ii) Euglena ww P
. P P
. .P
ww
ww
ww
Ans. (i) Buds w arew
ww
wformed
w on the outer surface ww wwww
of ww .
ww ww ww ww
thegparent body, it is known as exogenous 19. Tentaclesg
O r r g O r grg O r grg r rg
a l al .
iai. O
budding e.g. Hydra.
a l al .
iai. O
a l al .
iai. O
a l alia.Oi .O
a sa the ectoderm dadsasa a
s.
daadsas(ii) In Hydra whenPfood daadissaplenty, daadsas Mouth daadsa
..P a
P cells increase . anda
P
. form a small elevation ..P Pa a ..P a
P ..P a
P
ww on thewbodyw surface. ww ww Manubrium
w w
ok
(iii) Ectoderm
rrg g and endoderm are pushed
rrg g out to g
rr g Ephyrae rgbudding
rg
l a ia. O
i . O
form the bud. The bud a i
contains
l a. O
i . O an interior l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O
l l l l
a daadsaasa lumen in continuation a daadsaasa with parent’s adaadsaasa a da adsaasa a daadsa
.
ww.P P gastrovascular
. P P
ww.cavity. ww.. P P ww.. P P .
ww.P P
ww
ww ww ww ww ww ww
ww ww ww
(iv) The bud enlarges, develops a mouth and a
o
i .O . Orgrgof tentacles at its freei.end.
circle O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
a d adsaas(v)
a When fully grown,asthe
a d d aasabud constricts at adaadsaasa Stalk a d adsaasa adaada
s
ab
. P. P a the base and . P. P a

finally separates from the.P.P . P. P a . P. P
wwww parentwbody wwww and leads an independent
ww
wlife.
w ww ww ww ww
ww w ww ww Stolon ww
Adhesive disc
16. Describe rgrpedal
g laceration. rgrg rgrg rgrg
l a
Ans.a(i) lia.Oi
In.O fragmentation, the l a
parent
aa li
a .Oi . O
body breaks asa a.O .
(i) laliIdentify
i O the animal. l a lia.O i . O
a
daadsas into fragmentsPa(pieces) daadsas and each of thePadaadsa(ii) What is significant adsaasa
daabout the animal. daadsa
ur
P
. .P a .Ppotential to developwinto P a P a
ww ww . the w. .P ww . .P . .P
ww
ww
ww fragment wwwhas
w wwww Ans. (i) Aurelia ww ww ww ww
a new individual. (ii) The significance is that Aurelia reproduces
(ii) .O r gr g
Fragmentation
O or pedal laceration
. O r
O gr g occurs . O rgrg by a special type iof.O.transverse
asexually
O rgrg
O
a i i . a i i . a i i . a i
saaslala in many genera ofdsea slala a
saaslalfission saaslala
.s
saa
anemones. called strobilation.
P a daad (iii) Lobes are P a aa
constrictedd off from the pedal P a d
a ad P a da ad P a daadsa
..
ww P ww .. P ww.. P Long Answers ww .. P 5 Marks ww w. . P
ww
ww disc andwwweach
w of the lobe grows mesenteries wwww ww ww ww w
and tentacles to form a new sea anemone. 1. Write a note on regeneration.
w
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O
Ans. (i) laRegeneration
. rgrg
O is regrowth la inia . O
the. rginjured
O rg
17. l a
Describe
al a i the different phases l aof
l a i
life cycle in an l a i l i
a daadsaasorganism. a daadsaasa a d
a adsaasa region. Regeneration a da
saasa
adwas first studied in
a daadsa
. P P
ww. Ans. Organisms have . P P
w. phases in its life cycle.
wthree .
ww. PP Hydra by Abraham . P P
ww. Trembley in 1740. ww .
w .P P
ww w
w
ww
ww wwww wwww ww ww
(i) Juvenile phase/ vegetative phase is the
(ii) Regeneration is of two types, morphallaxis
rgrg of growth between ithe
period grg of the
rbirth andrg epimorphosis.
rg In morphallaxis rgrg the
i . O
i . O . O
i . O i . O
i
whole . O
a body grows fromsa i
a lsmall . Oi .
a fragment. O
saaslaala individual upto reproductive saaslaala maturity. saaslaalE.g. sala
w
a a a a s
. P. P
d d
a a (ii) Reproductive.P.phase/ P
d d
a a maturity phase the.P.P aad d Hydra and
.PPlanaria.
.P
d
aa d a
. P. adaada
P
wwww organisms ww wreproduce
w and their offsprings wwww (iii) When Hydra wwwwis accidentally cut into wwww
ww ww ww w w
several pieces, each piece can regenerate
w w
reach maturity period.
(iii) .O r gr g
Senescent
O phase begins iat .O r
O gr g
the end of the
.O rgrgparts and develop intoi.aO.whole
lost
O Orgrg new
l alia i . l a l a i . l ali
a i .
individual. l a l a i
sasa reproductive phase when sasadegeneration sets sasa sasa s
adaada in the structure
dada
a afunctioning of the body..P.P
aa dada adaada adaada
ww
.
wwP. P
www w.P.and
P
www w ww
.
ww P. P
ww
.
ww P. P
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg15
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
adsaaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. Pa a P
.. Pa
ww
Sample
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daadsa
.. P for Full P
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ww
ww
ww
wwwwww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
Zoology
a l a l a i
.
ww.P P (iv) The parts .
ww. P
usually
P retain their original.
ww. P P E.g. In honeybees;
ww. . P Pfertilized eggs (zygotes) .
ww. P P
ww
ww ww
polarity, wwith
w oral ends, by developing wwww develop w ww
into
w queen and workers, whereas wwww
tentacles and aboral ends, by producing unfertilized eggs develop into drones
i . O rgrgdiscs.
O
basal
. i . O . rgrg
O i .O
(male).
. rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l al a i l al a i l al a i l a l a i
Chapter 1
a daadsaas(v)
a Epimorphosis is the
a da
asa
adsareplacement of lost
a da
asa In paedogenetic asaasparthenogenesis
adsa(vi) a da d
a
a daadsa
.
ww P. P body parts. . P. P
wwIt is of two types, namely ww. P. P (paedogenesis) . P. P
wwthe larvae produce a new ww. P. P
m
ww
reparative and restorative regeneration. generation of larvae by parthenogenesis.
(vi) Inrgrreparative regeneration, only rgrgcertain (vii) It occurs
rgrg in the sporocysts andi.Redia rgrglarvae
l alia.Oi . Og
damaged tissue can l a
be
lia.Oi . O
regenerated, l ali .O
of
a i . O
liver fluke. It is also seen l a
inl a O
thei . Olarvae of
saasa whereas in restorative asa
saregeneration saasa some insects. E.g. Gall saasa daadsa
co
a daad a da ad several a daad a daadfly. a
ww P
. .P body parts wcan
w P
. .Pdevelop. E.g. star fish, tail ww P
. .P (viii) In artificial ww P
. .P ww P
. .P
ww
ww w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w parthenogenesis, wthe ww
w
of wall lizard. unfertilized egg (ovum) is induced to
O r
O gr g O r
O gr g develop
O rgrg into a complete individual
O O rgrg by
O
2. Explain
a
lalai . i . parthenogenesis. a i . i . a i . i . a i . i .
saas(i) la
aslainto a
saaslalphysical or chemical stimuli.saaslalaE.g. Annelid
s.
d a
Ans.
d Development of d anadsa
egg a complete d ad d ad daadsa
..P a
P a individual w P a
P a
. . fertilization is known ..P a
P a and seaurchin eggs.
..P a
P a ..P a
P
ww
ww
ww
wwwwwithout
w wwww ww
wwww ww wwww
as parthenogenesis. 3. Write notes on binary fission in animals. ww
(ii) Itrg was
rg first discovered by Charles rgrgBonnet Ans. In binary rgfission,
ok
i . O
i . O i . O
i . O i . O
i . O rg the parent organism i . Oi . rgrdivides
O g
l al a in 1745. Parthenogenesis l al is
a of two main into
l
asalatwo
a halves and each half forms
l a
al a a daughter
a daadsaasa types namely, anatural da adsaasaParthenogenesis adaadsaindividual. The nucleusa d adsaasfirst
divides
a amitotically a daadsa
.
ww.P P . P. P
wwParthenogenesis.
and artificial .
ww. P P ww.
or mitotically (karyokinesis),
. P P followed by the
.
ww. P P
ww
ww wwww wwww w ww
w w ww
w
(iii) In certain animals, parthenogenesis division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis). The
o
.O r g
occurs g
Or regularly, constantly .Oand r g g
Ornaturally resultant
.O O grg
roffsprings are genetically O rgrg to
. identical
O
l alia i . l alia i . thel alia i
parent.
. Depending on the l a
planelia i .of fission,
a saasa in their life cycle dand a saisasaknown as natural dadsaasa a saasa s
aad d aa d a a binary fission is of the.P.following aad d types adaada
ab
. P. P parthenogenesis.
. P. P . P. P P . P. P
wwww ww
wparthenogenesis
w ww ww (i) Simple ww wirregular
w binary fission ww wwww
ww Natural ww ww
are of different ww
types: (ii) Transverse binary fission
.O rg rg
a) Arrhenotoky
O : In thisitype
.O r grg
Oonly males (iii)
.O rgrLongitudinal
O g binary fission .O rgrg
O
aal alia i . la la i . l alia i . l a lia i .
daadsas are producedas
d d abyasaparthenogenesis. adaadsaasa (iv) Oblique binary d saasa
adfission d adsa
ur
P
. .P a E.g: honey
P a a
. .Pbees P
. .P (i) Simple binary P a a
.fission
.P is seen in Amoeba P
. .P a a
wwww ww ww ww ww ww ww wwww
ww ww
b) Thelytoky : In this type ww of ww
like irregular shaped organisms, where ww
. O r
O grgparthenogenesis only.Ofemales r
O grg are the plane
. O r
Ogrg of division is hard.O to observe.
grg
rfunction
O
a i i . produced by parthenogenesis.
a i i . a The
i i . contractile vacuoles cease
a i to
i .
saaslala saaslala saaslalanda saaslaladisintegrate
.s
P a daad E.g: Solenobia

P a d
a ad P a d
a a
d disappear. Thednucleoli
P a a ad P a daadsa
.. P .. P .. P P
. .divides mitotically. Theww . P
ww
ww
ww c) Amphitoky
wwww ww
parthenogenetic
: In this type
egg may develop ww ww ww and the nucleus
ww ww
cell thenwconstricts
w in the middle, sowthe www .
w
i . O . rgrginto individuals of anyi.sex.

O O . rgE.g:
O r g Aphis. cytoplasm
i . O . rgrg divides and forms itwo
O . O . rdaughter
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a
(iv)
l l a i Natural parthenogenesis l amay
l a i be of two l al a i
cells. l a l a i
a daadsaasa types, viz., complete a d
a adsaasaand incomplete. adaadsaasa a d
a adsaasa a daadsa
.
ww.P P Complete . P. P
wwparthenogenesis is wthe .
ww. P P .
ww. P P .
ww.P P
w
ww
ww w ww
w w w w w ww
w wwww
only form of reproduction in certain
i .O . rgrg and there is ino
animals
O .O . rgbiparental
O rg i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l al a i sexual reproduction. l
Theseal a i are no male l al a i l a l a i
adsaasa organisms andaso, aasa individuals are adaadsaasa adsaasa
w
a da d
a adssuch a d
a adaada
s
.
ww P. P ww. P. P ww. P. P ww. P.P .
ww P. P
ww
ww represented
wwww by females only. ww ww wwww wwww
(v) Incomplete parthenogenesis is found (ii) In transverse
i . O . rgrsome
inO g animals in which.O.both
i rgrg sexual
O i.
of O . rgrgdivision binary
O
the runs along
fission, the
i
the .O . Orgrgplane
transverse
lala i lala i lala i i
aslaalaParamecium
adad asaasa reproduction and parthenogenesis
adad asaasa adad
occurs. asaasa axis of the individual.
adad asaE.g.
adad asa
ww.P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P
ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww
a i
lala . O
i . O a i . O
i .O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
adsaaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a ..P a
P a ..P a
P a ..P a
P
ww
ww ww
ww wwww wwww wwww
Sample
P a daada s
P a daada s
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.. P for Full P
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ww
ww
ww
ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
Zoology
a l al a i
.
ww.P P and Planaria.
ww.. P P In Paramecium the
ww.. P P ww..
LongitudinalP P
furrow .
ww. P P
ww
ww ww
macronucleusww divides by amitosis and wwww the ww ww ww ww
Daughter Euglena
micronucleus divides by mitosis.
.O r
Org g .O r
Or g g Chromosomes r
Org g rgrg
Nucleoliai.O .ONucleus
l lia i .
Macronucleus
a New oral l alia i . l l a i . l alia i . O
a daadsaasa a
groove sa
daadasa
forming a da
saasa
adNucleus a daadsaasa adaada
s
.
ww P. P Micronucleus
ww . P . P ww . P . P . P .
wNuclear P ww. P. P
m
ww
ww ww ww wwwDaughter
w ww ww w ww ww
paramecia
New
Longitudinal
i . O . r
O gr g
i . . rgrg
contractile
O O
vacuoles
i . O . rgrg binary fission in Euglena i.O.O
O rgrg
aal al a i aal al a i aa l al a i aal al a i
daadsas Newas
dadas daadsas daadsas daadsa
co
P a P a P a P a P a
wH
. .P
ww ww . .Poral groove
forming ww . .P ww . .P
ots ww. .P
ww
ww ww ww wwww ww w ww ww
Transverse binary fission in Paramecium
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O 1. The organisms
i . O . rgrg exhibiting sexual reproduction
O i . O . rgrg
O
(iii)
a i In longitudinal binary a ifission, the a i a i
saaslala nucleus and thedadcytoplasm saaslala divides in dadsashows aslalavariations. Give reasons. saaslala
s.
a a daadsa
P a da d P a a P a a P a da d P a
.. P P
. . axis of the organism. wInw . P P
. . involves formation ofww . P
ww
ww
ww the longitudinal
w ww
w
ww
w ww . Ans. (i) Sexual
w gametes
reproduction
wbyw
ww
wmeioses
w brings in exchange w wwofw .
flagellates, the flagellum is retained usually
chromosomal segments between paternal
ok
byrgone
r g daughter cell. The basal rggranule
r g is grg
rmaternal rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O
divided into two and thel a i
newa. O
i . O
basal granule l a i
and
a. O
i . O chromosomes. l a ia. O
i . O
l sal other daughter dadsa(ii) asalFertilization is a chance l
a daadsaasa forms a flagellum a daadinsaathe a a a daadsaasaof probability adaadsa
.P.P .P.PVorticella and Euglena. ww .PP .P.Pis can be fertilized byww .PP
ww
ww
ww individual.
ww ww wE.g.
w wwww . because the
w ww
w
ovum
w w w www .
(iv) In oblique binary fission the plane any of the sperms. Hence variations will
o
rgrdivision
ofO g is oblique. iIt risgrgseen in occur rgrand
g degree of variations.O.cannot rgrg be
l alia.Oi . l al a.Oi . O l ali .Oi . O
predicted
a in sexual l a
reproduction.
lia i O
a d adsaasa dinoflagellates. aE.g. d saasa
adCeratium. a d adsaasa a d adsaasa adaada
s
ab
. P. P a . P . P a . P . P a . P . P a . P. P
wwww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww
ww ww ww ww ww
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ur
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. .P a P
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ww ww ww ww ww
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a i a i a i a i
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..
ww P ..
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ww
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i . O . rgrg
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.
ww.P P .
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w
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w
s
. P. a
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da . P. a
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da . P. a
P
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ww ww ww ww ww
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
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ww . .P
ww . .P
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ww
ww
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i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg17
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
adsaaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P
Sample
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ww
ww
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i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
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Zoology
a l al a i
a da adsaasa a daadsaasa a daadsaasa a da adsaasa a daadsa
.
ww. P P .
ww. P P ww.. P P ww.. P P .
ww.P P
ww
ww ww ww Unit
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[Time : i1.O hr]
. rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i O . rgrg 25]
O
.[Marks:
Chapter 1
a da adsaasCahoose the Correct

I. a daaA
dsaasa . 10 × 1 = 10
nswer
a da
asa both A and R are true
adsa(b) If a da adsaasbut
a R is not the
adaada
s
. P. P
ww 1. Technique used ww. P. P .
wisw P. P correct explanation . P .
ww for A P .
ww P. P
m
ww
ww ww ww for cultivation of sponges ww
ww ww
wbut
w wwww
based on ______ (c) If A is true R is false
rgrg fission
(a) i.Multiple rgrg
(b) Parthenogenesis (d) If both rgrAgand R are false. rgrg
l a a O
i . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
aa l l l l
daadsas(c) Regeneration Padaads(d) aasaAutogamy asa statement is incorrect
dadaWhich
7. as adsaasaregarding the adaadsa
co
P a P a P a da
ww. .P 2. Conjugation is w aw. .Pof ________
type ww . .P type of binary fission ww . .stated?
P .P.P
ww
w
ww w ww w w w
ww w (a) Transverse w w
wwbinary fission in seenwwin ww
(a) Asexual reproduction
Planaria.
(b) Autogamy
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
(b) Longitudinal binary fission
a i
lalaExternal fertilization saslala
as(c) a i ala i
aslaEuglena. aslala seen in
a in
i
s.
a sa
dad (d) Sexual reproduction a
dad a a
dad sa dada s
a daadsa
..P a
P ..P a
P ..P a
P P a
P
. . in seen in flagellates.ww . P a
P
ww
ww
ww
3. Choose thewcorrect wwwww
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ww
ww
ww (c) Oblique binary
w ww
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ww producedww only during pregnancy. ww ww w
placenta during pregnancy.
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24.
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a daadsaasa a daadsa
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Chapter 2
a a a a s
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d d
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1. Menstrual phase: adno
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a
s.
a
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dad sa
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Human Reproduction
l a ia. O
i . O l a i
a . O
i . O l a i .
by
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i . Oposterior lobe of a i .
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l a O
i . O gland.
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ww.phase extends from theww w .. P ww.. P .
ww. P
ww
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o
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lala Ovulatory phase: saslala a i i . 34. Identify
a
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aslala its parts
label
a
.s
s as3. s s
P a a
dad a
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P a a a
dad marked as a, b, c andPdadad a a
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ww
ww middle wwww
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l a ia. O
i . O
cycle called LH surge induces
l a a Oi . O
the rupture l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O
l al the release of l l
a daadsaasa of the Graafianafollicle da adsaasand a daadsaasa a daadsaasa b
a daadsa
.
ww.P P the ovum .
w.P P
w(secondary oocyte) fromww ww.
the . P P ww.. P P .
ww. P P
w
ww
ww w ww
w w w w ww
w c w ww
w
ovary wall into the peritoneal cavity. This
i .O . rgrg is called as ovulation.
process
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O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
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l a l a i l al a i l al a i l al a i
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w
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wwww ww
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ww ww ww Ans. Human Ovum ww ww
transitory endocrine gland called corpus a – Vitelline membrane
i . O . rgrg
luteum.
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Nucleus . rgrg
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aal a l a i aa l al a i l ala i
a Zona Pellucida aala l a i
a daadsas a daadsas a c –sa
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. P P
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www.
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i . O . rgrg
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a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
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ww
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Zoology
a l al a i
.
ww.P P 35. The following is the
ww. . Pillustration
P of the sequence .
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ww
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l alia l alia l alia i . l alia i .
Chapter 2
a daadsaasa a daadsaasa a daadsa(c)asa (i) The endometrium

a da adsaasofa the uterus adaadsa
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ww ww .P.P ww.P.P becomesw .P.P to receive the fertilizedww
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l a ia. O
i . O
ovulation and mention l a ia. O
i .
the O stage of l a ia. O
i . O
fluid in the uterus for the
l a ia. O
i . O
foctus.
aa l aa l aa l aa l
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. .Pthe ovum has not beenww . P
ww
ww
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w w
ww
the
w w w
ww
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w ww
w
w w
when
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w
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lala Explain the changessasthat a i i .
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a of the ruptured graafian a i i .
saasc) saaslalpart saaslala follicle has
s.
P a daad uterus simultaneously
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a da ad
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ww
ww
ww d) Writewthe ww
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w w
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ok
. OIt r
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O
a daadsaasa oogenesis. a daadsaasa a daadsaasa a da adsaasa a daadsa
.
ww.P P ww. . P P .
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Zoology Long Version Questions (for pure science Group)
o
O
. i.O r gr g O
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l alia l alia l alia l alia i .
a d adsaasa1 to 9 Refer Evaluation.
Q.No.
a d adsaasa 27.
a d
asa Evaluation Q.No.26asaasa
adsaRefer adad adaada
s
ab
. P. P a . P. P a . P. P a . P. P . P. P
wwww 10. Painful menstruation wwww is termed as wwww 28. Refer Evaluation ww Q.No.27
w w wwww
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(a) Dysmenorrhoea (b) Menorrhagia 29. Refer Evaluation Q.No.28
.O Org
(c) Amenorrhoearg .O r
O grg 30. Referi.Evaluation
O rgrg Q.No.29
O .O rgrg
O
l alia i .
a(d) Oligomenorrhoea aa la li
a i . l al a i .
asa Evaluation Q.No.30asaasa l alia i .
a
daadsas daadsa(a)s Dysmenorrhoea]Pa31. daadsaRefer dad daadsa
ur
P a
. .P P a
. .P
[ Ans. . .P32. Refer Evaluation w P a
. .P P a
. .P
wwww wwww wwww ww Q.No.31
w wwww
ww 11. Refer Evaluation ww Q.No.10 ww ww ww
33. Refer Evaluation Q.No.32
12. Refer Evaluation
r gr g Q.No.11 r gr g rgrg menstrual disorders. rgrg
a i . O
i . O
lala Evaluation Q.No.12saslala a i . O
i . O 34. List athe
ia. O
i . O
various a i . O
i . O
saasRefer
13. aslalAmenorrhoea saaslala
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d ad d ad a a
Ans.
d dsa(i) : ada d daadsa
P
.. a
P a14. Refer Evaluation P
.. a
P a
Q.No.13 P
.. a
P a P
.. P a P
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P
Absence w ofww
ww
ww
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ww
ww
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amenorrhoea. If menarche does not
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rg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O
amenorrhoea. Absence of
l a i . O
i . O
menstruation
a
al Evaluation Q.No.16
adsaasRefer
17.
adsaasa
l l
adsaasa for over three aconsecutive
l
adsaasa months is adaadsa
a da a da a da da
.P.P 18. Refer Evaluation
ww ww.Q.No.17
P.P .P.P
ww ww .P.P ww.P.P
w
ww
ww w ww w ww secondary w wamenorrhoea.
w w w w
w
19. Refer Evaluation Q.No.18 w w w
(ii) Polymenorrhoea :
r gr g Q.No.19 r gr g grg
rPolymenorrhoea is a term rgused
rg to
l a ia O
. i.O l a ia O
. i.O l a ia.O
1.
i . O l a ia.Oi . O
l l l l
adsaasRefer
21. a Evaluation Q.No.20 adsaasa adsaasa describe a menstrual adsaasa cycle that is adaadsa
w
a da a da a da shorter than a da
.P.P 22. Refer Evaluation
ww P.P
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ww ww.P.P ww .P.21
P days. ww.P.P
ww
ww wwww wwww 2. It w
may wbe
w w due to hyperactivity w
of ww
the
w
23. Refer Evaluation Q.No.22
24. Refer
i . O . rgrg
Evaluation
O Q.No.23
i . O . rgrg
O i. O . ranterior
Ogrg pituitary gland, psychological
disturbances .O . Orgrg
and laimalnutrition,
l al a i l al a i l ala i l a i
a adsaasRefer
da25.
a Evaluation Q.No.24
a daadsas
aa
a daadsas
aa Chronic pelvic
a
asa
daadsainflammation by
adaadsa
wwP
. .P 26. Refer Evaluation P.P
.Q.No.25
ww ww P
. .P ww P
. .P ww P
. .P
ww
ww ww
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ww
a i
lala . O
i . O a i . O
i .O a i . O
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P
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ww
Sample
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Zoology
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.
ww.P P certain .
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sexually
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.
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ww
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l alia lia l alia l alia i .
a daadsaas(iii)
a Dysmenorrhoea :aPain
a da dsaasa associated with dadsaasa 2. Menorrhagia may
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saasdue
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a daadsa
.
ww P. P menstruation . P. P
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i . O1.
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i . O . O i . O . rtogrcancer
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i . O . rorgrcervix.
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l
asa al a i cramps during menstrual
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Oligomenorrhoea
asa condition with infrequent : Oligomenorrhoea
l
asa al a i is a
s s s s daadsa
co
a a
dad a 2. Secondary
a
dad a
dysmenorrhoea
a is caused a a
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P
. .P P
. .P P
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ww
ww
ww byww aw
w wdisorder
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w w ww .
w
system like endometriosis or uterine 35. Refer Evaluation Q.No.33
. O O g g
r rfibroids. . O rgrg
O 36. Refer Evaluation
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O . O rgrg
O
a i i . a i i . a i i . a i i .
saaslala saaslala aslalaEvaluation Q.No.35asaaslala
37. sRefer
s.
P a daad P a daad P a daad a
P a dad P a daadsa
..
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Human Reproduction
C a i . O
i . O C A a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
l
hoosel a the orrect nswer l l 1 Mark
a l
asal a l l a
a daadsaasa a daadsaasa 6.
a daadsaThe ____________ glands a da adsainasahuman female a daadsa
.
ww.P P I. Choosewthe .
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w. prostate gland in male .
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for the below Questions (a) Bartholin’s glands (b) Skene’s glands
o
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1. a___________
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i . O l alia.Oi . O
a d
a
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ads(b) a d adsa asa [Ans. (b)
a d adsaasSkene’s
a glands]
adaada
s
ab
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7. a _________ is .
popularlyP. P a
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ww ww w ww ww
ww
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2. ___l a ia.O
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aa l aa l asa l [ (b) l
Hyaluronidase]
aa
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ur
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wwww ww ww ww ww about _______ w w
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72
laaliai. [Ans. (b) aliai. albicans]
laCorpus laaliai. laaliai.
[ 64]
.s
s a s a s a s a
P a ada
da3. s
Testosterone is a
secreted
P
s
daadbya ___________ P a
s
daadaThe _______ is the smallest
9.
P a daada s
human cell.
P a daadsa
..
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. . (b) neuron
ww ww.. P
ww
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lalia .O . r
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[Ans. i . O . r
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i . O . r
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i l al (d)
a i leydig cells] l a a i
asalcorpus luteum secretes l a a i
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i .Oi . O gland i .Oi . O i .Oi . O
l al a l al a l al a Ans. l al a
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[ (d) progesterone]
w
a da a daadsa(d)
[Ans.
a da a da adaada
s
. P. P
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ww glands in human female ww. P. 11.
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wwP .to
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l
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i . O . rgrg
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a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
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P
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P a P
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P a P
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O i .O . rgrg
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l al a i
(d) Oligomenorrhoea Ans. l al a i (c) insemination
l a l a i (d) gestation
l al a i
Chapter 2
adsaasa adsaasa adsaasa adsaas(b)

[ (c) Menorrhagia] a parturition] s
. P. a
P
da13. _______ is a berry . P. a
P
d
shapeda cluster of cells . P. a
P
da . P. a
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ww ww ww 4. Each testis is covered wwby a fibrous layer ______. ww
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wwis a hollow, thick-walled, ww .P.P
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What is Parturition?
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l alia i . l ali
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asa the urinary bladderasand
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a
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Zoology
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Chapter 2
d ad d amenstrual
d d adsaofasthe placenta, the baby d isadelivered
d daadsa
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P . P. aa
P . P. a a surgical incision in the
P . P. awoman’s
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m
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l al a l al a What l al a
asa is “Let – Down” reflex? l al a
adsaasDefine
a aa
daadsas
29.
daadsaThe
aa
daadsasabout the “Let - Padaadsa
co
a da20. spermiogenesis. a a a
P
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ww
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spermiogenesis.
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a i i .
lala is spermiation? saslala a i i . 30. What
aslalaa i isi .azospermia? a
aslalai i .
saasWhat
s.
d 21.
ad d ad a d a
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to ad sathe failure of Pad adsa
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l a a i
al is ovulation? asaasal l a a i l a
al a i l al a i
a daadsaasWhat
22.
a da d a daadsaasasorchidectomy. a da adsaasa a daadsa
. P P Ans. The release of ovum
. P P by the rupture of the. P P . P P . P P
ww. ww . ww. 32. What are theww ww. ww.
ww
ww Graafian follicle ww ww is called ovulation. Itwoccurs ww
w ww initiatives taken by wthe ww
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during ovulatory phase of menstrual cycle. Government of Tamilnadu to highlight the
o
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23. aWhat
l alia.Oi .Ois Morula? l alia.Oi . l alia.Oi . O l al a i
a d Ans.
a
adsasFollowing fertilization,a d adsaasa72 hours, a loose aAns.
after d
asa Government of Tamil
adsaThe a d adsaasNadu
a has also
adaada
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ab
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August
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lalia. i. lalia. i. l al a i . l alia i .
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da24.
a is ectopic pregnancy?
daadsas
aa
dad
asa feeding to infants. asaasa
asabreast dad daadsa
ur
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P is implanted outside
. .ovum P a
. .P33. What are the functions P a
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wwww w ww
w w ww
w w www w w
ww w w
the uterus it results in ectopic pregnancy. w w sperm?
w w w w
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r rg growth of the embryo may
g
r rg cause Ans. (i) The rproximal
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i. Oi. O i . O
i . O i . O
i
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dad sa daadsa
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i . rgrfunction
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l a
al a i l a a i l a a i l a a i
d adsaasWhat d saasal
adyolk Ans. sIta
d
al
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d adsafor al
asproduces energy
daadsa
P a a26. is the function
P a of
a sac in a human P a a the form of ATP a
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l alia i . l alia i . l alia i . l alia .
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ww 27. What is afterwbirth? ww. . P ww. . P
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Zoology
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ww
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ww
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a daadsaasa Binding Proteina(ABP) daadsaasbya the sertoli cells
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asa
adsadisturbances, malnutrition,
a da
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ww P. P and helps in
ww . P. P
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ww P. P
m
ww
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(ii) LH actsw Leydig cells and stimulates 9. What is menorrhagia?
ther grsynthesis
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g
l alia.Oi . O
stimulates the process ofl a ia.Oi . O
spermatogenesis.
l l alia.Oi . O l alia.Oi . O
aa aa a a disrupts a woman’s asa activities is
daadsas daadsas daadsas that daadsanormal daadsa
co
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. .P a P
. .P a referred to as P
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menorrhagia. P
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ww Ans. (i) Acrosome ww is a small cap like pointed ww (ii) Menorrhagia ww may be due to hormonal ww
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O Or grg present at the tip .of O
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lala i . of
a a a a
s.
s
daada s of the spermatid.ada dsa s s s
daada the ovary, uterusPoradacervix. adas s daadsa
..P a
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.hyaluronidase,
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. . 10. What is menopause? .. P ..P Pa
wwww (ii) It contains ww ww a proteolytic
wwww ww ww wwww
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enzyme, popularly known as sperm lysin Ans. (i) Menopause is the phase in a women’s life w w w w
ok
which
rgrg helps to penetrate the ovum
rgrg during rgovulation
rg grg
rstops.
Human Reproduction
i . O . O i . O . O when
i . O . O and menstruation i . O . O
l al a i fertilisation. l a l a i l a a i
asalThe average age of menopause l a a i
l is 45-50
a daadsaasa a daadsaasa a daadsa(ii) a daadsaasa a daadsa
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. P the
P permanent cessation . P P
wwww. ww ww. wwww. of the primary ww ww .
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cycle i .
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l al a l a l a Ans. (i) l al a
During fertilization l
theal a acrosomal
a d adsaas14
a th day) which is calledaLH
a d dsaassurge
a and induces
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gland
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follicular
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l alia i .
a a from the ruptured Graafian la li
a i . l alia i . l alia i .
daadsas(ii) It secretes a large adsaasa offollicle.
daamount
a a This is called acrosome
(ii)
daadsas helps the spermPtoaenter
asareaction. This
daadsathe daadsa
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wwww whichwisw www
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endometrium of the uterus. If fertilization Ans. (i) Monozygotic twins – single fertilized egg splits
i . O . rgrgnot occur it degenerates.
does
O i . O . rgrg
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rtwo i . O . O grgof the
rare
a
lala i a
aslala i a a i a i
lasame genes.
saaslalsame saaslathe
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d a saasWhy
6.
d does menstrual flow
d adsaoccur? d ad sex, look alike and
d ashare
d daadsa
P a
P a
. . Ans. (i) Menstrual wflow . PPa a ..PPa a P a
P a
. –. Two eggs are fertilizedww . PPa
ww
ww
ww
w wwww. occurs due to breakdown w ww
w
ww (ii) Dizygotic twins
by two w ww
w
ww
sperms. The two individuals w ww .
w
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of endometrial lining of the uterus and its
w
rgrgvessels due to declinei.O

blood grglevel of
in rthe or may rgrgnot be of same sex and rare
grgnon-
l a ia. O
i . O l a a i . O la i
a. Oi . O
identical. l a ia. O
i . O
al progesterone and oestrogen.
adsaas(ii) asal
adsathe asal
adsa(iii)
l
adsaasa twins joined adaadsa
a da This happens a d
whena released ovum is a d a Siamese twins – a d
conjoined
a
w.P.P w.P.P w.P.P w.P.P w.P.P
w
not fertilized. during birth.

w w w w w
7. What is 13. What is the function of amnion?
i . O . rgsecretory
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i . O .Orgrcycle?
g
i
The. O .
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ramnion
O is a double layered i .O . rgrg
O
translucent
Ans.a(i)
l al a i
The Luteal phase of l l a i
menstrual
a cycle Ans. (i) l al a i l al a i
adsasa involves formation adofsaascorpus
a adsaasa membrane filled with saasamniotic
a
w
athe s
.P . a
P
d
a . P. a
P
d
a luteum and ad
. P. P a . P.Pa d
a d fluid.
. P. adaada
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wwww thickening wwwofwendometrium of uterusww w
forw (ii) It provides wwwawbuoyant environment wtow ww
ww w w
implantation.
w w protect w
thewdeveloping embryo from w w
injury,
(ii) O rgrguterine wall secretes inutritious
The rgrg fluid regulates
rgrg the temperature of the foetus
rgrg and
i . i . O . O
i . O i. Oi . O i .Oi. O
d adsaaslaala for the foetus. dSoadsathe aslaalphase
a is called
d adsaaslaalprovides
a
move.
a medium in which
d ad saaslaalthe
a foetus can
daadsa
P
. P a a secretory phase.
P
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. P a a P
. P a a P
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wwww. wwww. wwww. wwww. wwww.
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i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg35
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
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P
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i ➠ XII Std -l a l a i
Zoology l al a i
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ww.P P 14. What is the ww.. P P
significance of allantois? .
ww. P P menstrual cycles, ww.. P P
increased androgen levels, .
ww. P P
ww
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ww
w
allantois is an extra embryonic wwww excessive facialwor
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w body hair growth (hirsutism), wwww
acne, obesity,
i .
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i . Orgrg
pocketing of
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i . O
at
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diabetes.O
i . O rgreduced for
rgTreatment fertility and increased
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i . O g risk
ragrhealthy
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Chapter 2
a a salifestyle, a saashormone s
. P. aa
P
d d . P. aa
P . P. aa
P
d d . P. aa
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d d therapy.
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m
ww
ww www wwww ww given
w wwww
cord that links the embryo to the placenta 1
andrgrgultimately it becomes part

rgrg of the rgrg rgrg
l alia.Oi . O
urinary bladder. l alia.Oi . O l a lia.Oi . O l alia.Oi . O
aa aa aa aa
co
P a
. .P 15. What are Braxter-Hick’s P a
. .P contractions? ww P
. P a P
. .P2a P
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ww
ww
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Ans. (i) Throughout ww ww ww
pregnancy the wuterus
ww .
w ww ww ww
w ww
w
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3
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i . O . Or rg contractions.
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a
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s.
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a d adsa(b) d d a daadsa
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P a P
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16. What is Ferguson reflex? Reproductive
rgrg system of Humani.O.O
ok
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During i . O . rgrthe
of
O g foetus
i . O . O rgrg
l al a i l al a i 21. In the l a a i
l diagram given below.sasal l a a i
a daadsaasa causes dilation of a daadsaasaof the uterus and adaadsaasa
cervix
a daada a daadsa
.
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wwww
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i .Oi .O
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i . O i .Oi . O i .Oi . O
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aa a l a
da17. daadsas daadsas daadsas daadsa
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18. What is Capacitation?
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the
O . O rgrg
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l a i
a i . l a a i . l a ia i . l a ia i .
al
adsaasreproductive tract undergo al
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2
adsaasa
l
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l
P a da is a biochemical event
P a da
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19. What is rgPolycystic ovary syndromer(PCOS)?
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rg
a complex endocrine l alia.Oi
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O l a lia.Oi . rgrg
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a adsaasa adsaasa
w
s
. P. a
P
da affects women
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a
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dtheir
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da (a) .P .Pa
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ww ww w (b)
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partially formed follicles on the ovaries, which
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i . O . rgan
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not
O i. O . rgrfoetus
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i rgrg
l al a
amaturity
a i or produce eggs s l
that ala i
asacan be fertilized. (b)
aal 1
ala– iUmbilical cord
aalal a i
P a daadsasWomen with PCOS P a daadaexperience
may irregular P a daadsa s 2 – Fallopian tubePadaadsas P a daadsa
ww. .P ww. .P ww. .P 3 – Amniotic fluid ww. .P . .P
ww
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a i
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i . O a i . O
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Zoology
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nswers
P P 5 Marks ww.. P P (v) The neck is . P
very
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ww
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the head and the middle piece. ww wItw
1. Differentiate
i . O . Orgrg Spermatogenesis iand . O . roogenesis.
Ogrg
i
contains
.
theO . O grg the proximal centriole
rnucleus which plays a i
role . O .
in
rgtowards
O rg
the first
a daadsaasSpermatogenesis
a
a daadsaasaOogenesis a daadsaasa division of zygoteaand da aasadistal centriole adaadsa
adsthe
.P.P It takes place in the ww
ww .P.P It occurs in the ww .P.P gives rise towthe ww P.P filament of the sperm.ww
.axial .P.P
m
ww
ww seminiferous tubules of w ww w follicles of the ovary www w w w w w ww w
testis (vi) The middle piece possesses mitochondria
.O r gr g
Opuberty in .O r gr g
Oinitiates rgrgtwisted around the axial
spirally
.O O .O Ogrg
rfilament
It begins
l alia i
at. In females
l alia i .
it l alia i . l alia i .
saasa asa
adsathe aa
daadsas called mitochondrial a saasaor nebenkern.
daindspiral daadsa
co
P a daadmales. P a dain foetal stages.
P a It produces energy
P a the form of ATP P a
. .P Spermatogonia are the . .P Oogonia is the the eggww . P . .P . .P
ww
ww
ww
w wwwww
wwww . molecules w ww ww
forwthe movement of sperms. w www ww
sperm mother cells and mother cell and only
many of O
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g one cell undergoes
. O rgrg
O . O rgrg Acrosome
O . O rgrg
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a
maturationi i . a i i . a i i . a i i .
saaslala phase to form dmaturation lala phase at a
saasexcept saaslala saaslala
Head
s.
daadsa
Nucleus
a daadsperms. a aa
time
d in cases of a daad a da ad a
..
ww P P ww P P
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ww
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Mitochondria
I & II Mieotic divisions I & II meiotic Middle piece
ok
are equalO and r gr g
each divisions are r g g
unequal
r r gr g rgrg
Human Reproduction
l a ia. i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O
spermatogonia
saasal spermatids. forms 4 and finally
l only one l l
a daadhaploid a daadsaasa ovum and 3
haploid a daadsaasa Tail ad a adsaasa a daadsa
.
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ww. small haploid polarww ww.. P P ww.. P P .
ww. PP
ww
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bodies are formed
o
The spermatids
. O r
Or g g No such .changesO rgrg are
O . O rgrg
O .O rgrg
O
a d adundergo
saasa a stage called dobserved.
Spermiogenesis to become a adsaasa a d adsaasa Structure of human
a d adsaassperm
a
adaada
s
ab
. P. P a . P. P a . P. P a (vii) The tail is the . P. P a

longest part of the sperm .P.P
ww functional sperm.ww w ww wand ww
ww
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ww ww w tapering. ww ww
The meiotic divisions The second meiotic (viii) It is formed of a central axial filament
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i .O .Orgrgand divisioniis O
. i. Or g
neverrg or
i .O . rgrg
O
axoneme and an outer .O rgrg
O
protoplasmic
i .
l al a
spermaticly
i are formed. completedla la l al a i l al a i
daada sasa adsaasa itdoes not
dafertilization
aa
daadsas sheath. The lashing adsaasa of the tail adaadsa
damovements
ur
P
. .P a P a
. .P take place. P
. .P a push the sperm P.Pa
. forward. .P.P
w ww
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4. Explain the process of fertilization in human
3. Describe the structure of a sperm
i. O . Orgrg i . O . rgrg
O beings.
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
Ans. Structure
a
lala i a i a i a i
saasislalaa microscopic, Ans. a
aslalFertilisation la sperm
saasalahaploid
of human spermatozoan
.s
d adsaas(i) The human sperm

d ad d adsa(i) occurs when
d ad daadsa
P
.. Pa a P a
P a
. . motile gamete. The whole ..P a
P a fuses with a ..P a
haploid
P a ovum to form a ..P a
P
wwww flagellated
ww wand
w wwww fertilizedw ww
egg
w
orwdiploid zygote. ww ww
ww w w
body of the sperm is enveloped by plasma ww w w w
(ii) The sperms deposited in the female
w
membrane
rgrg and is composed rof grga head, rgrg rgrg
l a i
a . O
i . O
neck and a tail. l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
reproductive
i . O l a. O
tract undergoaicapacitation,
i . O
al
adsaas(ii)
l l
adsaofasatwo parts namely adaadsaasa which is a biochemical asal that enables
adsaevent
P a da The head comprises
P a da P P a da P a daadsa
.
ww. P w . P
w.nucleus. .
ww. P the sperm to . P
penetrate
ww. and fertilise the egg. .
ww. P
w
ww
ww acrosomewwww and ww
ww wwww ww
(iii) Fertilisation occurs only if the ovumwand w
(iii) Acrosome is a small cap like pointed
rgrg present at the tipi.of grgnucleus
rthe sperms rgrg are transported simultaneously rgrg
i . O
i structure
. O O
i . O i . O
i . O i .Oi . O
l al a l al a l alto
a the ampullary isthmic ljunction
al a of the
saasa and is formed mainly saafrom
sa the golgi body dadsaasa fallopian tube. saasa
w
a a a s
. P. aa
P
d d of the spermatid.
. P. aa
P
d d . P. aa
P .P .Paad d . P. adaada
P
wwww ww ww ww ww (iv) Before a sperm ww wwcan enter the egg, it must ww ww
ww (iv) It contains ww hyaluronidase, a proteolytic ww w w
penetrate the multiple layers of granulosa
w w
enzyme,
g popularly known as sperm g lysin
i .O . r r g
O helps to penetratelathe
which i .O . r r g
O during
ovum i.O . rgrg cells which are i.around
(follicular)
O O . Orgrg the
l al a i l a i l ala
ovumi forming the corona l al a i
radiata. The
a saasa fertilisation. dadsaasa a saasa a saasa s
.. PP aad d .. PP aa .. PP d
aa d .. follicular cells are
PP aa
..
d d
held together by an PP adaada
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg37
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
adsaaslala daadsa
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Zoology
a l al a i
.
ww.P P adhesive ww.. P
cementing
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ww. P P structural base forww..
the P P
umbilical cord that links .
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ww
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i . O . rgrgacrosomal
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Chapter 2
Chorion:
a daadsaasa hyaluronidase during a da
asa entry through
adsasperm a da
asa
adsaThe chorion is the outermost
a da
asa
adsamembrane which Pad aadsa
. P. P the corona . P.
wradiataP
w and zona pellucida. . P.P . P. P . . P
ww wThis
ww wwand all other membranes ww
m
ww ww w encloses the embryo ww ww
ww ww
is called acrosomal reaction. ww w w
and also helps in the formation of the placenta.
w w
(vi) Once r gr gfertilisation is accomplished, r gr gcortical rgVilli:
rg rgrg
l alia.Oi . O
granules from the l a
cytoplasmlia.Oi . Othe ovum
of
Chorionic
l alia.Oi . O l alia.Oi . O
aa adsaasathe fertilisation adaadsaThe asatrophoblast cells in theablastocyst saasa send out
daadsas form a barrier adsa
co
P a P a dacalled P P a da d P a da
. .P
ww . .P the ovum preventing
waround
w ww. .P several finger likewprojections . .P called chorionicw. .P
ww
ww membrane
w www w ww
w villi carrying w www
foetal
w blood and are surrounded w wwww
further penetration of other sperms. Thus
grg by sinusesgthat contain maternal blood. grg The
O polyspermy
r is prevented. Orgrg O r r g O r
. O
laaliaiis. followed by cleavagesaslaaliai. . O chorionic .
laaliai. O villi and the uterine tissues.
laaliai. Oform the
a This a a
s.
s
daada s daada s s
daadadisc-shaped placenta.Padaada s s daadsa
..P a
P Entry of Nucleus and ..P a
P ..P Pa .. P P
.. Pa
wwww other components ofwwww Formation of fertilization
ww ww Placenta: ww ww ww ww
ww sperm. ww membrane.
ww w w
Placenta is a temporary endocrine organ formed
w w
ok
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O g g
Break down of zona
. O rr
O g g during pregnancy
. O rgrg and it connects ithe
O . O O grg to
rfoetus
l alia i .
pellucida l alia i . l a ia
theauterine
l i . wall through thesumbilical l al a i . cord. It
a daadsaasa a da adsaasa a daadsaisasthe organ by which the
a daadaasa respiratory adaadsa
nutritive,
.P.P
ww ww .P.P ww.P.P and excretory functions ww .P.Pare fulfilled. ww.P.P
ww
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Acrosome reaction.ww wwww ww ww ww ww
o
i .O . rgrg
O
Sperm migrates to coat of
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg Hots
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O
adsaasa adsaasa adsaInasafemales a oogoniaaforms adsaasaa single ovum adaadsa
follicle cells and binds to
receptors in zona pellucida
a d a d d
1.
a d
ab
.P.P a .P.P a a
.P.P only. What is thewsignificance .PP a .P.P
ww
ww
ww
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wwww ww
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ww ww ww
undergoing meiosis I & II when in a male, each
5. Write argnote rg a extra embryonic membranes. r grg spematogonia rgrg forms 4 sperms. i.O.O rgrg
Ans. l a
Thelia.Oi .O embryonic membranes
extra la li
a .Oi . O
namely the l alia.Oi . O l al a i
aa asa Ans. sTheasa meiotic divisions I a&saaIIsatake place in
daadsasamnion, yolk sac, allantois daadsaand daadaorder dovum
d daadsa
ur
P a P a chorion protect P a to ensure that the

P a a is haploid since P a
. .P
ww the embryowfrom ww . .P
dessication, mechanicalwshock ww . .P ww . .P . .P
ww
ww
ww ww
w www normal chromosomal wwww number is important wwww
and help in the absorption of nutrients and for formation of normal zygote. Further polar
exchange
. O r
O gr g
of gases. . O r
O gr g bodies . have
O rgrgless cellular contents and
O . O O grgsmall
rare
a
lalai i . a i i . a i i . a i i .
saaslala aslala lala
.s
d adsaasAmnion d ad d adsasince they do not participateain

d dsaasfertilization most
daadsa
P
.. Pa a The amnion is a
..P a a
double
P layered translucent ..P a
P a of the cellular contents P a
P a
. .lie in the ovum. ..PPa
ww membranewfilled w with the amniotic fluid. ww It w w
2. Menstruation does not occur during
w w
w
providesg a buoyant environment g to protect

the i . O rr
O
developing
. g embryo fromlainjury, i . O . g
r rregulates
O pregnancy
i . O . rgrgive
O g reason.
i . O . rgrg
O
l a a i
al temperature of the afoetus a i l a a i l a a i
d adsaasthe d dsaasaland provides a Ans. d
asal
adsaPregnancy begins soon aftersa
d salformation of
adathe daadsa
. P Pa a . P Pa a . P a
P a zygote after fertilization.
. P a
P a .P a
P
ww. medium in which wwthe. foetus can move. ww w . w. accessory organswand
wuterus, ww.
ww w
w
ww
ww ww Following thiswthe ww ww
Yolk sac: ww w
glands of female reproductive system get ready
w
The O yolkr grsac
g forms a part of the O
. i.Oof the earliest bloodlacells gutrgand
r g is the
. i.Oand blood to receive
.O grgzygote and nourish it..OO
rthe
O rgrg
l a ia
source
l lia l alia i . l alia i .
adsaasvessels.
a adsaasa asa
adsaMenstruation adsaasa
occurs by disintegration of the
w
s
. P. a
P
da . P. a
P
da . P. a
P
da uterine wall and corpus .P .Pa da
luteum, if fertilization .P.P adaada
wwww ww ww wwww has not occurred. ww wTherefore
w during pregnancy ww ww
ww Allantois: ww ww ww ww
The allantois is an extra embryonic membrane menstruation ceases and this continues till
which O
. i. r gr
forms
O g a small out pocketing Oof
. i. r
O gr g
embryonic .O
parturition rgrorg child birth.
O .O Orgrg
aal alia l alia
asayolk sac. It is the aal ali
a i . aa la lia i.
dasastissue at the caudal enddof
a ad asathe
a ad a ad dasas a ad dasasa ad dasa
ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww
a i
lala . O
i . O a i . O
i .O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
adsaaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a ..P a
P a ..P a
P a ..P a
P
ww
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i . O . rgrg
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O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
al a i l al a i
.
ww.P P .
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wwww Test wwww wwww
Time : 1 hr]rgrg rgrg rgrg rgrg 25
l alia.Oi . O l alia.Oi . O l alia.O i . O l alia.[Marks:
O
i . O
a da adsaasCahoose the Correct
I.
a daaA
d
asa 10×1 = 10
sanswer
a da
asaA and R are true, R is theacorrect
adsa(a) a da dsaasa explanation
adaada
s
. P. P . P. P . P. P of A . P. P . P. P
ww 1. The foetal membrane ww that forms the basis wofw wtrue, ww
m
ww
ww ww ww wwww (b) A and Rware ww w R is not the correct wwww
the umbilical cord is w
explanation of A
(a) Allantois
r gr g (b) Amnion r g r g rgrgR is false rgrg
l a
(c) ia O
i O
.Chorion
. (d) l a ia
Yolk
O O
. i.sac (c)
l A
a ia.isO
i .true,
O l a ia.Oi . O
l l l l
adsaasa aa aa
daadsasProtein (ABP) is Padaadsa(d)s Both A and R arePfalse daadsas
aa
daadsa
co
P a da2. The Androgen a
Binding
P a P a
. .P
ww ww. .P ww . .P9. Choose the odd man ww .P
. out ww. .P
ww
ww produced by ww ww wwww wwww w ww
w
(a) Leydig cells (b) Hypothalamus (a) Skene’s glands (b) Endometrium
(c) . O
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O g
r rgcells (d) a O
Pituitary
. O g
r rggland (c) Mammary
. O O g
r rg glands (d) Fallopian . O rgtube
O rg
a l alia i . a l lia i . a l alia i . a l alia i .
a sasa as sperm lysin 10. sa _____________glands a
s.
a adsas_________
da3. is popularly
a daad
known a daadsaThe a daadsainshuman female Padaadsa
..
ww P P (a) Inhibitin ww..P P (b) Hyaluronidase ww ..P P are homologous to wthe
w P P
. . prostate glands in maleww . .P
ww
ww w w
w w w w w w w w w w w
(c) Androgen (d) Acrosome w (a) Bartholins glands w (b) skene’s glands w
(c) mammary glands (d) cowper’s g
r glands
ok
4. Identify rgrthe
g correct pair from the rgrg
below. rgrg rg
Human Reproduction
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. Oi . O l a ia. O
i . O
al Mammary gland a–saAreola
adsaas(i) asal II. a sVas
a eryal Short Answer asaasal 2×2 = 4
P a da (ii) Sperms P a da d– Relaxin P a da
11. d What is placenta? P a dad P a daadsa
.
ww. P . P
ww. – 46 chromosmesww w .. P ww.. P .
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ww
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(iv) Middle piece – ATP
o
(a) i.iO andr
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iv (b) ii iand
.O rivgrg
O III. Short.O AO grg
rnswer .O Ogrg = 6
r2×3
l al a i . l al a i . l alia i . l alia i .
a d adsaas(c)
a i, ii and iv
a d aasaii and iii
ads(d) 13.
a d adsaInasthe
a diagram given below.asaasa
adad adaada
s
ab
. P. P a5. Identify the wrong. P P a

statement
. from the below. . P. P a 1PP
. . . P. P
wwww wwww www wwww ww ww
ww (i) Testiswacts w as a thermoregulator. www ww 2 ww
(ii) Seminal
.
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i O Orgrg vesicles
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. is a
secrete an acidic
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i . rgrgfluid
O fluid i . O . rgrg
O
3
i .O . rgrg
O
aal al a i aal a la i aal al a i aal al a i
daadsas(iv) Hymen can get daadsas due to physical Padaadsas
stretched daadsas daadsa
ur
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. .P a exercises. P
. .P a . .P P
. .P a P
. .P a
ww w
(a) All the above w (b) i and ii w w w w w w
(c) iii and g
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a i . O
i . O
lala one of the following a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
6. saWhich saaslala menstrual dadsaaslala saaslala
.s
P a daad a sirregularities are P a d

correctly
a ad matched? P a a P a daad P a daadsa
..
ww P ww P
. . - excessive menstruation ww.. P ww.. P ww.. P
ww
ww (a) Menorrhagia ww ww wwww w ww w ww
(b) Amenorrhoea - absence of
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(a) Identify the diagram w
w
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rthe . O rgrg
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al Dysmenorrhoea - airregularity
adsaas(c) saasal of 14. sWhat l
adaasa is the function of ayolk saasal
adsac?
P a da P a da d
menstruation P a d
a P da P a daadsa
.
ww. P . P
ww. - painful menstruation . P
ww. IV. Long Answerww .
ww. P .
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w
ww
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15. List the differences between spermatogenesis
7. _______gis a berry shaped cluster of g cells and oogenesis.
.O r
Or
(a) Blastula
i . g .O
(b) Gastrula
i . r
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i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l al a i l a l a i l al a i (OR) l al a i
adsaas(c)
a Morula aasa asa adsaasa
w
a da a da ads(d) Zygote a d
a adsa
Write a note on menstruala dacycle. adaada
s
. P. P
ww 8. Assertion : w . P. P ww. P. P ww.P .P ww. P. P
ww
ww ww wBwy 36
w week, the baby is positioned
th
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
into pelvis for parturition.
Reason :
.O r
O gr g T he Braxter – Hick’s
.O rgrg
contractions
O .O rgrg
O .O Orgrg
l alia i . will begin for l a lia i
parturition.
. l ali
a i . la lia i.
sasa sasa sasa sasa s
.P. adaada
P . P. adaada
P  .P. a
P
daada
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P . P. adaada
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O .O rgrg
O .O rgrg
O
DNA l ali
ligase
a : Enzyme l alia i
which. acts as paste molecule l alito
a i .
join broken DNA fragments.
l alia i .
ad saasa saasa
adlinked saasa
adcorresponding adsaasa s
a d Holandric genes :d
a Y genes which have no
a d allele in X d
chromosome.
a adaada
ab
. P. P a . P. P a . P. P a . P. P a . P. P
wwww ww A disease caused byww
ww ww w
inwwwhich
w blood lacks a normal ww ww
ww Haemophilia ww : ww recessive X – linked gene ww ww
clotting substance.
i .O .Orgrg A disease i .O . rgrg by a recessive X linked
caused
O i .O . Ogrg in which the affected
rgene i .O . rgrg is
person
O
Colour
aal al a i
blindness : la la i l al a i l al a i
daadsas adsaasato distinguish red and
daunable adsaasacolour.
dagreen
aa
daadsas daadsa
ur
P a
. .P Karyotype P a
. .P: A technique by whichww P a
. .P set of chromosomes P a
.P separated from a cell
. are P
. .P a
ww
ww
ww ww
ww
ww
and arranged in w
ww complete
w
pairs. ww wwww
wwww ww
IdiogramOrgrg : Diagrammatic
O rgrrepresentation
g of chromosomes.
O rgrg O rgrg
a i . i . O a i . i . O a i . i . O a i . i . O
saaslalacode aslala of three mRNA bases lala codes for a amino acid. saaslala
.s
d aGenetic
d
: As
d ad
sequence
a d adsaaswhich d ad daadsa
P Pa a
. . Pedigree analysis ww . P Pa aStudy of traits as they P
.havea
P a
. appeared in a given P a
P a
. . line for several past ww . P a
P
wwww ww . : generations. ww ww ww wwwfamily
w ww .
ww ww ww ww
w
rgrg A autosomalrg recessive

rg disorder in which abnormal rgrg haemoglobin is iproduced rgrg in
Thalassemia
i . O
i . O : i . O
i . O i . O
i . O . O
i . O
l al a the l a
affected
l a individual. l al a l
saasala a
a daadsaasa a daadsaasa error of phenylalanine
Inborn a da aasa
adsmetabolism due to pair of
a daaautosomal
d recessive .PP a daadsa
. P P
ww. Phenyl Ketonuriaww .
w .P P: .
ww. P P .
ww. P P ww.
ww w genes in human w
w
ww
ww beings.
ww
w ww ww wwww
Inborn error of metabolism caused due to autosomal recessive gene causing
Albinism rgrg :
rgrg pigment in the affected rgindividual.
rg rgrg
i O
. i.O absence iof .Oi melanin
. O i .Oi . O i .Oi . O
l
saasa al a l
saasa al a l al a l al a
Chromosomal disorders caused adsaain saasa
sahuman beings due todadnon-disjunction of
w
ad : da
s
. P. a
P
da Syndromes
. P. a
P a d
chromosomes. . P. a
P
da .P .Pa a . P. adaada
P
wwww wwww ww ww w ww ww ww
ww Cytoplasmic ww ww
Inheritance of characters controlled by non ww –w nuclear genomes foundww in
:
inheritance g chloroplast, mitochondria
g etc.
i O
. i. Or r g
i O Or r g
. i. symbionts occurring inlasome i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
Kappal alparticles
a : l a
Cytoplasmic
la la i strains of ciliated la
paramecium.
l a i
daadsaasa d adsaasa d adsaasa d adsaasa d adsa
P a
. .P Eugenics P a a
. .P Application of the laws
: P a a
.of.genetics
P for the improvement P
. .Pa a
of human race. P a
. .P a
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg59
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a ..P a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P
Sample
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daadsa
.. P for Full P
. Bookstores .. P
ww
ww
ww
wwwwww
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
Sura’s
l al a i l a l a i l a l a i
. P P . P P . P P . P P . P P
ww
ww
ww.
ww ww ww.
Evaluation
wwww ww.
ww ww ww.
wwwwww.
1. Haemophilia
i .O . Orgrg is more common i .O . rgin
O rg males 7. Which i .OofO
.
grgfollowing is true about
rthe i .O Rh
. rgrfactor
O g
Chapter 4
a daadsaasbecause
a it is a
a daadsaasa a daadsainasathe offspring of a aparental da adsaasacombination adaada
s
.
ww P. P (a) Recessive ww . P
character
. P carried by ww . P. P DdXDd (both Rh positive)?
ww . P. P .
ww P. P
m
ww
ww Y-chromosomeww ww wwww ww
(a) All will bewRh-positive
w wwww
(b) Dominant character carried by (b) Half will
i . . Orgrg
Y-chromosome
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrgbe Rh positive
O i .O . rgrg
O
l al a i
a a Dominant trait carried l al a i
asaX-chromosome (c) l
asa a a
About
l i ¾ will be Rh negative asal a l a i
daadsas(c) daadsa by
daadsa(d) adsaRh daadsa
co
P a (d) Recessive trait a
carried
P by X-chromosome P a About one fourth P a
will dabe negative P a
. .P
ww ww . .P w w. .P ww . .P . .P
ww
ww
ww w www
[Ans. (d) Recessive trait carried wwww by [Ans. (d) About ww w w
one fourth will be Rh negative] wwww
X-chromosome]
. O Or grg . O rgrg
O 8. What O
. can rgrbeg the blood group of
O .O Orgrg
offspring
2. aABOa
lalai i .
blood group in man is i i
controlled
a . by a i i . a i i .
saaslala aslalaboth parents have ABasablood
sawhen aslalagroup?
s.
d adsas(a) Multiple alleles d ad d ad d d daadsa
..P a
P a ..P a
P a ..P a
P a (a) AB only ..P a
P a(b) A, B and AB P
.. a
P
wwww (b) Lethal genes ww ww ww ww wOwww wwww
ww w
(c) Sex linked genes w ww (c) A, B, AB and
w w (d) A and B only ww
[Ans. (b) A, B and
rgrgAB]
ok
(d) Y-linked
i . O . Orgrg genes [Ans. (a) Multiple i . O . rgrgalleles]
O i . O . rgrg
O i. O . O
3.
s laalai children of a familysashave
asThree i
laalablood groups 9. as Ifa the
i
laalachilds blood groupaissa laalaand
‘O’
i fathers
P a daa a
d A, AB and B. What P a daa
could
a
d be the genotypes of.PP a da a s
d blood group is ‘A’ and P a da a s
d blood group .PP
mother’s a daadsa
.
ww. P ww.. P ww. ww.. P ww.
ww
ww their parents? ww ww wwww is ‘B’ the genotype ww ww of the parents will be ww ww
(a) IA IB and ii (b) IA Io and IBIo
o
(a) IA IA and IB Io (b) IA Io andrIgBrIgo
OB rBg r g A O A rg r g O r gr g
(c) ia I. i.O I and I I (d) aI i.I i.and
O ii Ai. io.O o i.O
ai.O
A A
s a laal s a la l a s (c)
a laa
Il a I and IoIo . (d) a
s IoIlaa land IB IB
s
a s [
a Ans. s (b) I A
I o
and I B
I o
] a s a s
adada adada adada [Pa dada (b) IA Io and IB Io] .PP adaada
ab
P P P P P P P Ans.
. .
ww 4. Which of thewfollowing w . . ww . . ww . . ww .
ww
ww wwww is not correct? ww ww
(a) Three or more alleles of a trait in the 10. XO type of sex determination and XY type of
ww ww ww
ww
rgrg are called multiple rgrg sex determination
rgrg are examples of.i.O.O rgrg
l a i
(b) A
l a.population
Oi .O normal gene undergoesl ali
a .O
i
alleles.
. O
mutations to l alia.Oi . O l al a i
aa aa (a)
asa Male heterogamety aa
daadsas form many alleles daadsas daadsa(b) daadsas daadsa
ur
P a
. .P P a
. .P P
. .Pa Female heterogamety
P
. .P a P
. .Pa
wwww (c) Multiple w ww
alleles
w map at different lociwofw waw (c) Male homogamety wwww
ww
ww
ww w
chromosome w w w w w ww
(d) Both (b) and (c)
(d) A diploid
r grg organism has only.two r galleles
r g out rgrg [Ans. (a) Male heterogamety] rgrg
a
lalai . O
i
of . O
many in the population. a i O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
la
saaslamap saaslala saaslala
.s
d a dsaas[ (c) Multiple d a

alleles
d at different d ad d ad daadsa
P a
P a Ans.
P a
P a PP11.
a a In an accident there is
P great
a
P a loss of blood and PP a
..
ww ww . . loci of a chromosome] ww.. there is no time ww
to
.analyse
. the blood group ww..
ww
ww ww ww ww ww w www wwww
which blood can be safely transferred?
5. Which of the following phenotypes in the
w
progeny
. O O g g
r r are possible from i.O the O g g
r rparental (a) ‘O’O
. andrgrRh
O g negative . O rgrg
O
l a ia i . l a a i . l a i
a i . l a ia i .
al
adsaascombination saasal adsa(b)
l and Rh positive
asa‘O’ adsaasa
l
P a d
a
AxB? da
P a a d P a da (c) ‘B’ and Rh negativeP a da P a daadsa
.
ww. P (a) A and B only
ww.. P (b) A,B and AB only.
ww. P ww.. P .
ww. P
w
ww
ww (c) AB only ww ww (d) A,B,AB and ww w
Ow d) ‘AB’ and Rh ww wpositive
w ww
ww
[Ans. (d) A,B,AB and O] [Ans. (a) ‘O’ and Rh negative]
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l al a i l al a i 12. l a
Fatherl a i
of a child is colourblind l a
and
l a imother is
6. sa sWhich
a of the followingsa phenotypes
sa is not asa asa
w
a a a sacarrier a sthe s
.P . P
d d a
a a possible in the .Pprogeny .
d
aa
P d a of the parental.P.P aad d for colourblindness,
.P.Paad d a probability of
. P. adaada
P
wwww ww
genotypic combinationww IAIO X IAIB? ww
ww the child being w colour
ww blind is.
w ww ww
ww ww ww (a) 25%
ww (b) 50%
ww
(a) AB (b) O
r gr g r gr g (c) 100%r g r g (d) 75% rgrg
(c)
l alia.O
A i . O
(d) laB ia
l .Oi O (b) O]
[.Ans. l ali
a .Oi . O [la i
Ans.
l a.Oi . O
(b) 50% ]
d a
d saasa d a
d saasa d a
d saasa d a
d saasa daadsa
P
. .P a a P
. .P a a P
. .Pa a P
. .Pa a P
. .P a
wwww wwww ww
ww ww ww ww ww
ww ww ww ww ww
a
lalai . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
d saaslala PH: 9600175757 dadsaasla/la8124201000 / d8124301000 a
d saaslala daadsa
..P a
P a P
.. a
P a ..PPa a P
.. Pa a P
.. Pa
wwww wwww ww
ww ww ww ww ww
Sample
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daadsa
.. P for Full P
. Bookstores .. P
ww
ww
ww
wwww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a i
Zoology
.
ww.P P 13. A marriage .
between
ww. P P a colourblind man and a
ww.. P P
22. ZW-ZZ system of sex
ww.. P P
determination occurs in .
ww.P P
ww
ww normal woman ww ww produces wwww (a) Fishes w
ww
w (b) Reptiles wwww
(a) All carrier
i . O . rgrg daughters and normal
O i . O . rgsons
O g
rdaughters (c) Birds
i .O . rgrg
O [
(d) All of these
(d) i O
.All. rofgrgthese]
O
(b)
l al a 50%
i carrier daughters, 50% l normal
al a i l al a i Ans. l al a i
a daadsaas(c)
a 50% colourblind sons,
a da
asa
adsa50% normal sons a d
23.
a
asa
adsaCo-dominant blood group
a da adissaasa adaada
s
.
ww P. P w . P. P ww . P.P . P. P
ww (c) B .
ww P. P
m
d) All carrierwoffsprings
ww
ww wwww
[Ans. (a) All carrier daughters and normal sons]
wwww (a) A

(b)
ww wAB
w (d) w
[Ans. (b) AB]
Oww
w
rgrg is a genetic disorderiwhich rgrisg caused 24. Which of rgthe
rg following is incorrect rgrg
regarding

l alia.O
14. Mangolismi . O l ala.O i . O l alia.Oi . O l a lia.Oi . O
aa saasa ZW-ZZ
asa type of sex determination? adsaasareptiles
daadsasby the presence of anPextra daadchromosome number.
daadsa(a) daadsa
co
P a a P a It occurs in birds and
P a dasome P a
. .P (a) 20 . P (c) 4
(b) w21 (d) 23 . .P . .P . .P
ww
ww
ww
ww www. [Ans.w www
(b)
ww
21] (b) Females are ww
ww
whomogametic
w and malesware ww
w
ww
heterogametic
15. Klinefelters’r gr g syndrome is characterized r gr g by a (c) Male grg two types of gametes
rproduce rgrg
i . O
i
karyotype
a
lala . O of a i .Oi . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
saas(a) aslala aslaItlaoccurs in gypsy mothasaaslala
sa(d)
s.
d ad XYY d ads(b)
a XO d ad dared daadsa
P
.. Pa a ..P Pa a ..P a
P a [ Ans. (b) Females
..P a
P a homogametic and ..P a
P
wwww (c) XXX ww ww (d) XXY wwww ww ww males are heterogametic] wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
[Ans. (d) XXY]
25. What is haplodiploidy?
ok
16. Females. O r
O gr g
with Turners’ syndrome . O rgrg
have
O . O rgsystem
O rg of sex determination . O ringrgwhich
O
l a ia i . l a ia i . Ans. (i) laIt ia is
i . a l a ia i .
al Small uterus
adsaas(a) adsaasa
l l
adsaasa sex of the offspring aasa
l
sdetermined
P a da P a da P a da P a da
isa
d by the
P a daadsa
.
ww. P (b) Rudimentary . P
ovaries
ww. .
ww. P number of sets
ww.of
. P
chromosomes it receives. .
ww. P
ww
ww ww
(c) Underdeveloped
ww breasts ww ww (ii) Eg. Honey ww wbees
w in which fertilized w ww
w
eggs
[Ans. (d) All develop into females (Queen or worker
d) All of
rgrgthese rgrofg these]
o
i . O . O i . O . O i .O
bees) . rgrand
O g unfertilized eggs develop
i .O . rgrg into
O
17. l a a
Pataus’
l i syndrome is also l a
referred
l a i to as l al a i l a l a i
a d adsaas(a)
a
13-Trisomy a d aasa18-Trisomy
ads(b) a d adsaasa males (drones) byaparthenogenesis.
d adsaasa adaada
s
ab
. P. P a . P. P a . P. P a (iii) This means males

. P. P a
have half the number of . P. P
wwww (c) 21-Trisomy. ww ww (d) None of these wwww chromosomes ww ww (haploid - n) and females wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
[Ans. (a) 13-Trisomy ] have double the number of chromosomes
18. Who Ois
. i. Org
thergfounder of Modern Eugenics O
. i. Or grg
movement? (diploid
.O rgrg- 2n). Hence the method
O .O rgisrgcalled
O
aal alia la li
daadsas(a) Mendel Padaads(b) aasaDarwin aa
daadsas haplodiploidy. Padaadsas
aa
daadsa
ur
P
. .P a (c) Francis Galton . .P (d) Karl pearson ww P a
. .P26. Distinguish between . .P heterogametic andww P
. .P a
wwww wwww ww w www w w
ww ww [Ans. (c) Francis Galton] ww homogametic w w
sex determination systems? w w
g
r rg of human race by rgrg Ans. rgrg
Heterogametic sex Homogametic rgrgsex
19. Improvement
i . O. O i . O encouraging
. O i . O . O i . O . O
a i
lalahealthy persons to marry a i
lala and produce a i a i
saaslaladetermination dadsadetermination aslala
.s
d adsaasthe da d saasearly d ad daadsa

P
.. Pa a large number of P
.. Pa
childrena is called ..P a
P a Sex chromosome ..may
P a
P a Sex chromosome ..P a
P
wwww wwww
(a) Positiveweugenics (b) Negative eugenics wwww be disimilarww
ww
worw heter may be similarwor ww ww
ww w ww w
(c) Positive euthenics (d) Positive euphenics omorphic in the other homomorphic in
w
. O r
O gr g [Ans. (a) Positive . O r
O gr g
eugenics] sex. i.O rgrg
O one sex. . O rgrg
O
l a ia i . l a ia i . l a a i . l a ia i .
al _______deals withathe
adsaasThe al
saascontrol asal
adsaHeteromorphic saasal
P a da20.
P a d
a d of several ad
P a individuals produce P
twoa d
a adIndividuals
h o m o m o
having
r p h i c P a daadsa
.
ww. P inherited human . . P
wwdiseases especially inborn .
ww. P .
ww. P .
ww. P
w
ww
ww wwww ww
ww types of gametes wwww and are sex chromosomes ww ww
errors of metabolism.
said to be heterogametic. provide only one
(a) Euphenics
r gr g (b) Eugenics r gr g rgrg rg rg
i O
. i.O i O
. of
i . Othese 2 types
i .Oi . O type iof .O i . Ogamete
l a
(c)l Euthenics
a (d) l a
All
l a l al a l al a
adsaasa asa adsaasaHeterogametic males dadare saasasaid to be
w
a da a d
a ad[saAns. (a) Euphenics ] ad a
1)
a a homogametic. adaada
s
. P. P
ww 21. “Universal Donor” . P. P
wwand “Universal Recipients” ww. P. P 2) Heterogametic ww.P .P
females. ww. P. P
ww
ww wwww ww
ww wwww ww ww
Eg. Males are the Eg. Females are the
blood group are ___ and ___ respectively.
rgO
rg rgrg Heterogametic rgrg sex as homogametic rgrgsex,
(a) i.AB,
O
i . O (b) O,i.AB
Oi . O they i. O .
have
i O one X and one because i .O . O
they
i have
s laala A, B
as(c) aslaaB,laA
(d)
s s ala
aslachromosome s aslaala2 X’s (XX)
P a a
dad a
P a a a
dad [Ans. (b) O, AB] Padad a aY (XY)
P a a
dadfemale
a
P adaadsa
www w. .P w. .P
www w. .P
www w. .P chromosomes. w. .P
www www
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg61
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
adsaaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P
ww
Sample
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daadsa
.. P for Full P
. Bookstores .. P
ww
ww
ww
wwww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
Sura’s
l al a i l al a i l a l a i
. P P
ww. 27. What is Lyonisation? ww.. P P . P P
ww. 31. Mention the symptoms . P P
ww. of Phenylketonuria.ww .
w . P P
ww
ww Ans. (i) In theww
ww
XY chromosomal system w ww
ofw sex Ans. It is characterized ww ww by severe mental retardation, ww w
determination, males have only
i . O . rgrg
chromosome,
O whereas i . O . rgrgonehaveX
females
O
light pigmentation
i . O . rgrg
O
of skin and
i . O . rgrghair.
O
i i Phenylpyruvic
i acid is excreted in the iurine.
saaslaala two. In mammals saaslaanecessary
la saaslaala saaslaala
Chapter 4
a a the dosage a a s
. P. aa
P
d d compensation.P.P
d d
ais aaccomplished by the.P.P d
a32. d
a Mention the symptoms . P.
d d
aofa Downs syndrome. .P.P
P adaada
ww wof winw Ans. It is characterized w ww
m
ww
ww inactivation
ww ww wone of the X chromosome ww ww ww ww bywsevere mental retardation, wwww
females so that both males and females have defective development of the central nervous
only
O
. i. r
O gr g
one functional X chromosome O
. i. r
O gr gper cell. system, .O rgrg separation between
increased
O .O O grgeyes,
rthe
l alia l alia l alia i . l a lia i .
a Mary Lyon suggested
a(ii) adsaasathatchromosome,
Barr bodies asa nose, ears are malformed, a a mouth is
daadsas represented Panadainactive daadsaflattened daadsasprotrudes. daadsa
co
P
. .P a . .P becomes tightly coiled P
. .P a constantly open and the
P
. .P atongue P
. .P a
wwww whichwin www w
females wwww wwww ww ww
ww w
into a heterochromatin, a condensed
w w 33. Differentiate w w
Intersexes from Supersexes. w w
i . O . rgrgvisible form of chromatin
and
O i . O . rgrg(Lyon’s Ans. According
O i . O . rgtorggeneic balance theory (C. B. Bridges),
O i .O .Orgrg
a i
aslala hypothesis). The number a i
aslalaof Barr bodies the sex
a a i
of an
aslXalchromosome individual is determined a i
la the ratio
aslaautosome by
s.
a
dad sa observed in cell a
dawas
dsa one less than the ad adsaof to that dada s
ofaits sets. daadsa
..P a
P ..P Pa ..P P a P a
P
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. O rr
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i
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l al a i .
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l a ia i . is attributed l
Changea ia i .
asal in this ratio leadsasatoasaa l changed sex l a i
a i.
adsaasa by British Genetician al Lyon and is
adsaasMary adsaphenotype.
P a da P a da P a da P a dad P a daadsa
.
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28. What is criss-cross inheritance?
Super sexes one of These flies are
o
Ans. It is the r grtransmission
g of a gene from r gr gmother r g r g r gr g
O
. i.Oor father to daughter.laThe O two type
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s a laalia
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females s a i.O
laalia.males and
a d ad s
a inherited to the second a d ad a s
generation through the ad da a s
a d ad a s
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ab
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29. Why are sex linked recessive characters more a chromosome constitution is either
O Org rg
. i. in the male human lbeings? O
. i. Or grg constitution
O O g
. i. rg 2A + 3A + lXXY
r .O rgr3A
or
O g +
l li
common
a a a li
a l alia alia i .
adsaas(i)
daAns.
a Male human beingsaare aa
dadsashemizygous. Their PadaadsaXXX
asa and the sex ratio XX.
daadsas
aa
daadsa
ur
P
. .P a sex chromosomes P a
. .P consist of one X and one . .P is 1.5. These flies
P
. .P a P
. .P a
wwww ww ww wwww have an additional ww ww ‘X’ ww ww
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Y chromosomes. ww ww ww
(ii) Sexglinked character are inherited chromosome than the
. O Or
genesr g in sex chromosomes . O r
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since males normal . O rgrg and are
female
O . O rgrg
O
a i i. a i i . a i i . a i i .
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saaslalfor aslala as metafemales. asaaslala
.s
d ad d ad only d adsaknown dad daadsa

P
.. Pa a character (one
..P PaX aand Y chromosomes )
..P a
P a Super males P
have
.. a
P ..P a
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they express
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i . O . rgrg for
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l al a i l a a i l a a i l a a i
d adsaasa each d d saasal
sex linked acharacter. Therefore
d
asal These flies have asaasal
adsa0.33. dad daadsa
. P Pa a expression of
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the a character depends on
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l alia l alia
trait l al a i . l alia i .
adsaasa inherit one mutant saasa asa
adsametamales. adsaasa
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adallele. s
. P. a
P
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P
da . P. a
P
d
a These flies are P
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They have a mixture . P. adaada
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wwww 30. What are holandric ww ww genes? wwww ww ww ww ww
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w in of male and female ww
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O O gr g
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.O Orgrg
aal li
holandric
a a aal alia aa l ali
a aala lia i.
P a daadsasno correspondingPallele a daadsains X chromosome. Padaadsas P a daadsas P adaadsa
. .P
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.
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Ans. ABO system of blood grouping in humans Antigens Antibodies
r gr g r gr g r ABO
gr g blood rgrg
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l l l al a Genotype
l al a l al a i
a daadsaaspresence
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l alia.Oi . O l ali
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A Presence ofsAa
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aa adasantigen
a adsaasIaIB B
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r rg IA B
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r rg Type AB A and B Anti rg-rAg nor
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lala Bernstein discovered that, a i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
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s.
P a daa d different blood a
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ok
i . O on
. Orgrchromosome
g 9 are concerned
i . O . rgrg with Ans. In human
O i . O . rgrbeings
O g the sex is determined
i . O . rgrg by
O
l a a i
al determination of blood l a
al
asgroup.a i l a a i
asal type (Lygaeus type)asaasal l a a i
a d
a adsaas(iii) The gene a
controllingd
a adsablood type is labelled a d
a adsaXX-XY a dad a daadsa
.
ww.PP . P P
w. gene (isoagglutination)
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. in human beings are .
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ww
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orw w www I w ww
w w ww
w
exists in three allelic forms IA, IB and Io located on two sex chromosomes, called
o
(iv) .O Arg g
IOspecifies
r A antigen, I allele
B r g g
determined
r allosomes. rgrgIn mammals, sex determination rgrg
l alia i . l alia.Oi . O is l a i .Oi
associated
l a . O with chromosomal l alia.Oi . O
differences
a B antigen and I allele
adsaas(v)
o
saspecifies
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adsabetween adsaasa XX females adaadsa
a d a d a d the two sexes,a dtypically
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O .O OgrgXY).
ror
l alia i .
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Females lia i . are homogametic l a
producinglia i . only one
d adsaasa d ad saasa d adsaasa d ad saasa daadsa
ur
P
. .Pa a transferase that
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ww w w w w w w w
of IO/IO allele no terminal transferase producing two types of sperms with X and Y
. O Or g
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O . O rgrg
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a i i . a i i . a i i . a i i .
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lalthe
.s
d ad d ad saacannot d ad saason daadsa

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l a a i
al (I =I >I ).
A B O l al a i l a a i Male Female
a al (Heterogametic) (Homogametic) l al a i
a d
a adsaas(vii)
A child receives a d adsaofasathree alleles from adaadsa
one
a s
a daadsaasa a daadsa
.
ww.PP . P.
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w w w
(22A+X)(22A+Y) (22A+X) (22A+X)
O
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r r g O
. i.O r gr g O
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l alia Hero types l a
Phenotypelia l a lia l alia i .
sasa sasa sasa sasa
w
s
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aal alia l ali
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a daadsas Io Io ad aadsaOasgroup
a
a
aa
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saasa
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P
. .P P
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a
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l al a i l a l a i l al a i
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ww.P P 36. Explain male ww.. P P
heterogamety. ww.. P P . P. P
wwAAXX AAXYF m .
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r gr g the males are heterogametic r gr g r gr g rgrg
l a ia O
. i.O dissimilar gametes
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l l l l
Chapter 4
a daadsaasare
a
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s
.
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O i .XX-XY
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O i .O . rgrg
O
l al a i
a a (a) The female with l al a i
asa X chromosomes 37. asaBrief aal a l a i aa l al a i
daadsas daadsatwo dad s about female heterogamety. daadsas daadsa
co
P
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homogametic (XX) while the P a
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w w ww
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a i . O
i . O The presence of a i
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i . O
unpaired X certain
a i . O
i . O
vertebrates like fishes, i
reptiles
a . O
i . O
and birds
aslala (b) aslala aslala aslala
s.
a
dad sa chromosomes a sa a sa
dad determines the Padad producing a single type ofd a sa
gamete;
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..P a
P P a
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ok
. O rr
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O . O rgrg
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l alia i . l a ia i . l a i
a i . l a ia i .
adsaasa chromosome and al half without
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l and produce
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.
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.O O .O rgrg In
O
l alia l alia l a l i
a i . l alia i .
a d adsaasa P a
F sa
d adasa m a d adsaasa this type, the female a d adsaaspossesses
a single
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ab
a AAXX AAXO
a a a
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l alia i. l alia i . l alia i . l alia i .
.s
a a method of sex determination

a
sasa is seen in a a a a
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ww
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s aslaalai chromosome. ala
s alai s lai Type of sex determination
aslaaZO-ZZ s aslaalai
P a daad a (b) Homogametic
P a daa a s
d females produce.PP a daad a
P a da ad a
P a daadsa
.
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w w w w ww
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r g gheterogametic males r g produce
g method rgrgthe female has one ‘Z’i.and rgone
rg ‘W’
l alia.Oi . Or two kinds of sperms l alia.Oi . O r
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two types
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Zoology
.
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ZW-ZZ rgrg sex determination.
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l a ia. O
i . O l a i
a. Oi . O (iii)
l a i .O
This
a i . Omode of sex determinationl a ia.Oi . O
facilitates
l l l l
adsaasGive
da38.
a an account of genetic asa of Rh factor.
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w w ww
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.
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ww. of the workers. ww.
ww
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w ww ww
o
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g sex
l a ia. O
i . O
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a ia.Oi
c,. O
one D or d, l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
l l determination
l with reference to Drosophila.
l
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each
a For a d
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asa
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ww etc., Allw
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ai in the offspring.
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P a daa a
d Explain the mode
39. P d a
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P a da a
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.
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l al a ia.Ormechanism
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s
. P. P shown in below.
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l alia i . Number
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l alia l alia l alia l i .
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a i . O
i . O a i . Oi . O a i . O
i . O a i i . O
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O
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l a ia. O
i O
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l a ia.isO
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aa l aa l aa l aa l
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s.
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a ad (viii) In Limnaea, dextral
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l alia iX. linked Inheritance - Eg.
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. P Pa a . P a
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o
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O .O ringrthe
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a i . O
i .
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i . O a i . O
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w
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phenotype rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O
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l a i
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i
the . O offsprings l a ia. O
i . O l a a i
l l asalWhen the F1 sinistral sal
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a adsaaindividuals were
a daadsa
. P P . P P . P P self crossed, the
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ww. ww.
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w
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i
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he .
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Chapter 4
a saasa a saasa a saasa a saasa s

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(a) Grasshopper
i i . (b) Cockroach
i i . 3. i i .
Germplasm (c) i
chromosome i .
a
lala
as(c) ala
as laDrosophila ala
aslaHolandric aslala 12
a
s.
a
dad sa Wasp a
dad s
(d)
a a
dad sa4. genes a sa
(d) bacterium
dad daadsa
P
.. a
P P a
P
. . [Ans. (d) Drosophila] P
.. a
P P a
P
. . 3 – b P
.. a
P
wwww ww ww wwww (A) 1 – c 2 –wd w ww 4 – a wwww
ww ww ww (B) 1 – d 2 – a
w w 3 – b 4–c
w w
12. In ___________ the tissues of male and female
ok
genotype
. O g g
r r type form a mosaic. i.O.O
O rrg g (C) 1 –
. Od g
rr
O g2 – c 3 – a
. O Or4gr–gb
l a ia i . l a a i l a i
a i . l a i
a i.
al
adsaas(a) Haplo-diploidy adsaasa
l asal – c 2 – b
adsa(D) 1 3 –sa l 4–d
aasa2–c 3–a 4–b] adaadsa
ad1–d
a da a da a da [ Ans.a d
(C)
a
.PP
ww. (b) Gynandromorphy .PP ww. .PP ww. .PP .PP
ww
ww ww ww
(c) Genic balance ww
ww 2. 1. Karyotyping
www.
www (a) Metaphase www.
www
rg g type [Ans. (b) Gynandromorphy]
(d) Lygaeus 2. XO females (b) Barr body rg g
o
r rg g r rgrg
13. a l
Sex
aalia. O
i . O
chromatin is also called a l
as
aalia. O i .
__________.
O 3.
a laali
3na. O
i . O
female (c) Aneuploidy
a laalia.Oi.Or
ss sas ss ss s
adaada (a) polar body .P.P adaad(b) adaada4. Lyon adaada
(d) Bridges adaada
ab
. P. P nucleus . P. P . P. P . P. P
wwww (c) nucleolus ww ww (d) Barr bodyww wwww (a) 1 - a 2 -w ww 3 - d 4 - b
c w wwww
ww ww (b) 1 - c
w w
2 - b 3 - d 4 - a
ww
[Ans. (d) Barr body]
.O rg r g
O of Barr bodies follows .O r
O gr g (c) 1 -
.Ob r
O gr g
2 - d 3 - a 4 - c OO
. i. rgrg
14. aa l
Thealia i .
number l alia i . _________. (d) l alia i .
a a1 - c 2 - a 3 - d asaas4 a- b l alia
daadsas(a) N-0 Rule Padaad(b) saasa daadsa s dad1-a 2-c 3-d 4-b] Padaadsa
ur
P
. .P a . .P N-3 rule P
. .P a [ Ans.
P
. .P a(A) . .P
wwww (c) N-1 rule ww ww (d) N-2 rule ww wwww w ww
w wwww
ww ww 3. 1. I w w A. Fischer ww
[Ans. (c) N-1 rule]
g
r rg g
r rg 2. R 1
g
r rg B. Bridges rgrg
15. Kin a
lalai . O . O
selection
i is seen in __________.a i . O i . O 3. Cde
a i . O
i . O C. Landsteiner a i . O
i . O
la
saaslaDrosophila aslala saaslala
.s
d adsaas(a) Honey bees da d(b) d adsa4. X/A d a

D. Wiener
d daadsa
..P a
P a P Pa a
. . (d) Cockroach ww . P a
P a P a
P a
. 3.- d 4 - a ..P a
P
ww
ww
ww (c) Grasshopper
ww ww ww
wwww . (A) 1 - b 2w-w
w
ww
c w ww
ww
ww
[Ans. (a) Honey bees] (B) 1 - a 2 - c 3 - d 4 - b
w
. O r
O gr g . O r
O gr g (C) 1 -. d
O r
O gr g
2 - c 3 - a 4 - b .O rgrg
O
IV l aIi i .
dentify
a the correct S
l a i i
tatements
a . l a ia i . l a ia i .
al
adsaas(i) Y al
adsaastransmitted asal - c 2 - d 3 - a asa4as- abl
adsa(D) 1
P a da1. linked genes
P a d
are
a from P a da [ P
Ans. a dad1-c 2-d 3-a 4-b] Padaadsa
(D)
.
ww. P ww.. P .
ww. P ww.. P ww. .P
w
ww
ww motherwto wwson.
w wwww w ww
w wwww
(ii) People with IA IO genotype have O blood
i .O . rgrg
group.
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
adsaas(iii)
a Human Y chromosome adsaasa is shorter than adaadsaasa adsaasa
w
s
. P. a
P
da X chromosome. . P. a
P
d
a . P. P .P .Pa da . P. adaada
P
ww (iv) Fertilized ww eggs develop into Drones ww ww ww
(a) gi,iv (b) ii,iii,iv
.O . r rg
O .iiiO . rgrg
O .O . rgrg
O .O . Orgrg
lalia (c)
i i and iii (d)
l alia i only l ali
a i la lia i
sasa sasa sasa sasa s
.P.Padaada .P.P adaada [Ans. (d) iii only] adaada
.P.P .P.P adaada
.P.P adaada
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg71
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
adsaaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P
ww
Sample
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daadsa
.. P for Full P
. Bookstores .. P
ww
ww
ww
wwww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
Sura’s
a da adsaasa a da adsaasa a daadsaasa a d a adsaasa a daadsa
P P P VIII Identifywthe P P
www. Odd-man out ww
.
ww. P VI Identify . P
ww. the correct ww.. P . P .
ww. P
ww
ww ww ww wwww ww ww
assertion and reason: from the below
In each .O r
O g g following questions.O
ofrthe rgrgare two 1. (a) I°
there
O .O rgrg
O (b) Rh i.O rgrg
O
l alia i . l alia i . l alia i . l al a i .
Chapter 4
a da adsaastatements.
sa One is assertion
a da adsaasa(A) and other is adaadsa(c) I asa B
a d a adsaasAa[Ans. (b) Rh] adaadsa
(d) I
.P.P reasoning (R). Mark
ww w .Pthe
.P correct answer as www .P.P Reason: It belongs w P.PBlood grouping whereasww
.Rh
tow .P.P
m
ww
ww A. A and Rware ww w
true, R is the correct explanation www w w w w w w
w w
the others come under ABO Blood groups. w
of A.
B. .AO O grg R are true, R is not
rand .O O grgcorrect 2. (a) Cockroaches
rthe .O rgrg
O (b) Drosophila
.O rgrg
O
aa l alia i . l alia i . l alia i . l alia i .
daadsas explanation of P A. das aasa a aHuman beings
(c)
daadsa s adsaaButterflies
(d) sa daadsa
co
P a a a d P a P a d[aAns. (d) Butterflies] P a
. .P
ww C. A is true, R w is w .P
.false. ww . .P ww. .P . .P
ww
ww
ww D. Both Aw www
and R are false. wwww Reason: They w
wheterogametic
w
are
w females whereas wwww
1. Assertion : rgrg ABO Blood grouping rgrbased
is g on the othersrare grgheterogametic males. .OO rgrg
a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i i .
saaslala multiple alleles. saaslala 3. as(a) la + X
asla22A slala+ Y
saa22A
(b)
s.
P a da ad Reason :
T here are
P a d6
a ad
possible genotypes and P a da d a(c) 44AA + XY P a d a ad
(d) 22AA + XY P a daadsa
..
ww P ww .. P ww .. P ww.. P ..
ww P
ww
ww w4wwpossible
w blood types wwww wwww [Ans. (d) 22AA +w ww
XY]
w
[Ans. (a) A and R are true, R is the correct Reason: rItg gis an abnormal chromosomal
ok
i .O . rgrg
O explanation
i . O . rgrg of A]
O i . O . O r of human whereasi.O . rgrg
O
l
asal a a i l
asala a i complement
l a a i
asal chromosomal complements l a a i
others
asal of a human. are
d a
2.
dsa Assertion : Th e Kappa d a
in
dsa
paramecium appears d adsa
normal d adsa daadsa
. PPa a . P a
P a . PPa a . P Pa a . PPa
wwww. to
wbe
w
.
wwa bacterium. wwww. 4. (a) Hemophilia wwww. (b) Colour blindness ww ww.
ww w w
Reason : Kappa particles are not dependent
w w w w w w
(c) Turner’s syndrome
o
O
. i.O r gr g on the chromosomal genes.
O
. i.O r gr g (d) Muscular
.O rgrg Dystrophy
O .O rgrg
O
a d adsaas[a Ans. (c)sA
a d adaasais true, R is false] adaadsa asa a d adsaasa syndrome] adaadsa
[Ans. (c) Turner’s
ab
a
.P.P 3. Assertion : Phenylketonuria .P.P a occurs due w .P.P Reason: It is a disease
tow
a
P.P due to chromosomalww
.caused .P.P
wwww wwww w w w ww
w w w
ww wthe
w mutation in gene PAH on w w w w
abnormality whereas the others are disease due w w
i .O .Orgrg chromosome 11. i.O.O rgrg to X linked
i . O . rgrgenes.
O g
i .O . rgrg
O
Reason :i DOPA is not convertedi i i
s l
asa al a s asa to melanin.
lala 5. s(a) l
asa al a
Barr body (b) kinl al a
selection
adsaaHaplodiploidy
sa
a a
adad [Ans. (d) a a
adaBoth
d A and R are false] daada(c) da(d) daadsa
ur
P
. .P P
. .P P
. .Pa honey bees P
. .Pa P
. .Pa
wwww wwww wwww ww ww [Ans. (a) Barr body] ww
ww
ww w w
VII Identify the Incorrect pair w w w w w w
grgfrom the below: .OO grg Reason: Itg deals with dosage compensation
i. O . r
O i . r in sex i . O r rg
O
determination
. whereas others
i . O . rgrg to
O
linked
a
lala i a la i a
aslala i a i
as- laTrisomy saaslala
.s
d 1.
a dsaas(i) Downs syndrome as
d d a 13
d adsa
haplodiploidy d ad daadsa
P
.. a
P a (ii) Shell coiling P
in
.. a
P a
snail - C y t o p l a s m i c
..PPa a ..PPa a ..PPa
wwww wwww inheritance wwww Answer ww w w
in one word*
ww
ww
ww ww ww ww ww
(iii) Kappa particle - Sonneborn
w
(iv) Eugenics
i . O . rgrg
O - aGalton
i . O . rgrg
O 1. Y linked
i . O . rgrg are also called ___________.
genes
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a a i
al i and iv l la i l al a i [Ans.sa l
ala a i
a d
a adsaas(a) a d
a aasai only
ads(b) a daadsa asa a da adasholandric genes]
a daadsa
.
ww.PP (c) ii and iii .
ww. PP (d) i, ii and iv . PP
ww. 2. Sex linked traitsww . PP
arew.more common in males
w .
ww.P P
w
ww
ww wwww [Ans. (b)w iw ww
only] ww___________ ww ww
because they are .
2. (i) SRY rgrg - X Chromosomergrg [ rgrg Ans. hemizygous] rgrg
l a
(ii) ia O
i . O
.Heterogametic female - l a i
XX–XOa.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
l l l l
adsaas(iii)
a adsaas- Sex
a 3. as asa – green colour blindness
aRed adsaasais also called adaadsa
w
a d
a Barr body a d
a Chromatin a d a d a da
.P.P .P.P .P.P ____________ ww .PP [Ans. daltonism]ww .PP
ww
ww
ww (iv) Rh factorw w
w w
ww - Landsteinerww
w w
ww
w ww .
w w www .
(a) i and iv (b) ii and iii and iv 4. Persons suffering from haemophilia lack the
rgrg
(c) ii only (d) i and riigrg clotting substance
rgrg called __________. rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a
[ ia. O
i . O(c) ii only] l a i
a. Oi . O [ la ia.Oi. O
thromboplastin]
sa a
s l ssa a l
Ans.
s
sa a l Ans.
sa a l s
adaada adaada aada for quick revision .not
a* dOnly as
daadpattern
ain adaada
.
wwP. P .
ww P. P .
ww P. P P
ww . P .
ww P. P
ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww
a i
lala . O
i . O a i . O
i .O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
ad saaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a ..P a
P a P
.. Pa a P
.. Pa a P
.. Pa
ww
Sample
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daadsa
.. P for Full P
. Bookstores .. P
ww
ww
ww
ww ww w wwwww. ww
ww
ww .
wwww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a i
Zoology
.
ww.P P 5. Hemophilia .
follows
ww. P P __________ pattern .
of P P
ww. Very Short A .
ww. P P .
ww.P P
ww
ww Inheritance.w w
ww [Ans. criss –wcross]
ww
w wnswers
ww w 2 Marksww ww
6. Cell O rgrg in cells can be arrested
. division
O .O grguse of a 1. Mention
rby
O .O rgrtwo
O g measures under.O.O rnegative
grg
l a ia i
substance
l . called ________ l
[ alia
Ans. i . colchicines] l ali
eugenics.
a i . l alia i
a daadsaasa a daadsaasa a d
Ans.
a
asa
adsa(i)
Sexual separation of
a dthe
a
asa
adsadefectives. adaada
s
. P. P 7. For karyotype cells
. P. in
P ___________ stages of
. P.P . P. P . P. P
ww w ww ww ww
m
ww
ww cell divisionware ww w
photographed wwww (ii) Sterilization wof
ww w the defectives wwww
w
[Ans. metaphase] (iii) Control of immigration and
r gr g rgrg (iv) Regulation rgrg of marriages rgrg

8. Genetic
l a ia O O
. i. disease in human canlbe a i
a Oi O
.detected
. by the l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
aa l aa l asa l l
daadsastechnique ____________. daadsa[sAns. karyotyping] Pa2. daadsaMention adsaasin
a trisomy 13/
daadsa
co
a a the symptoms a daseen a
P
. .P 9. __________ is awfamily P
. P . .P Pataus’s syndrome. P
. .P P
. .P
ww
ww
ww
wwwww. tree. [Ansz pedigree] wwwwww
w ww
w
ww
w wwwww
Ans. It is characterized by multiple and severe body
10. Absence of melanin results in a condition called
g
r rg grg
rAlbinism] malformations rgrg as well as profound rgrmental
g
l a ia O
__________.
. i . O l [Ans.
a ia.Oi . O a ia.
deficiency.
l O
i . O Small head with small a
eyes,
l ia. O
i . O
cleft palate,
a l a l a l a l
adsasIna skin during pigment sa sa sa organs are
s.
P a da11. P a daadsaformation DOPA is ad
P a adsamalformation of the brain
P a adsainternal
daand P a daadsa
..
ww P w. .
converted intow__________ P [Ans. melanin] ww.. P ww P
. .of this syndrome. ww.. P
ww
ww wwww wwww some of the symptoms
ww ww ww ww
12. The enzyme ______ converts DOPA to Melanin. 3. What is a syndrome?
ok
i . O . rgrg
O [Ans.
i . O . rgrg
Tyrosinase]
O Ans. Group i . O
of. rgrg and symptoms that occur
O
signs i . O . Ogrg
rtogether
l a
al a i l a a i
l degeneration l a a i
asal characterize a particular l a l a i
a daadsaasInvoluntary
13. jerking of the
a da
saasaand
adbody a da adsaand a da adsaasa abnormality adaadsa
.P.P
ww of nervous system ww P.Psymptoms of __________
.are ww.P.P is called a syndrome. ww.P.P In humans, Down’sww .P.P
ww
ww w ww
w w ww
w w w
w w
syndrome, Turner’s syndrome, Klinefelter's w ww w
[Ans. Huntington’s chorea]
o
14. ___________ rgrg is an example i.ofO.O grg
rAutosomal syndrome, rgrPatau’s
g syndrome are some rgrof
g the
i
laala . O
i . O a i i . O
i . O
examples of chromosomal disorders. i .Oi . O
a saasaneuploidy in humans. sa
a slala a saaslaala a saaslaala s
d
a a d aad d a d d
a4. a What is Lyon’s hypothesis? d
aa d adaada
ab
.
ww P. P [ Ans. Down’s syndrome/Patau’s
ww. P. P syndrome]. P. P
ww Ans. Mary Lyon suggested ww. P. P ww. P. P
ww
ww wwww wwww ww ww that Barr bodies ww ww
15. _______ is an example of Allosomal abnormality
represented an inactive chromosome, which
in humans.
rg g rgrg rgrgbecomes tightly coiled rgrinto
g a
[Ans. i.Or
ia.O
lalKlinefelter’s lalia.O
i.Osyndrome]
syndrome / Turner’s in females
l alia.O
i . O l alia.O
i . O
adsaasShell
da16.
a asa
daadsaexhibits
asa
daadsaheterochromatin, a condensed aa
daadsas ofand visible
daadsa
ur
P a coiling in Limnaea
P a __________ P a form of chromatin. The
P anumber Barr bodies P a
. .P
ww inheritance.ww ww. .P . .P
ww ww. .P . .P
ww
ww
ww ww ww
ww observed in cell wwwwas
w one less than the number ww ww
[Ans. Extra chromosomal / Cytoplasmic] of X-Chromosome. XO females have no Barr
17. Kappa . O r grg in paramecium were
particles
O . O r
O gstudied
r g by body,i.whereas
O rgrg XXY males have onei.Barr
O O rgrbody.
O g
la li
a i. l alia i . l al a i . l al a i .
.s
a a
asas__________. [ a
asasaAns. Sonneborn] 5. asaWhat asa are Gynandromorphy? a
asasa asa
.P.P adad .P.P adad .P.P adad .P.P adad .P.P adad
wwww 18. The killer paramecia
www w are said to posses
www w Ans. These individualsww w have
w parts of their body
www w
ww __________. ww [Ans. kappa particle] ww expressing male
ww characters and other parts
ww
w
19. The.kappa rgrgparticles liberates a toxin grg __

rcalled of the body rgrg expressing femalei.Ocharacters. rgrg
a i Oi . O a i . O
i. O The a i . O
i .
organism O is made up of a i . O
s l
asal a s l a
l paramecin]
as[aAns. s l
asal a s asal of male
tissues
l a
P a d
a a a
d The term __________ P a d
a a a
d well born. P a d
a ad aand female genotype
Pand
a d
a ad a
represents a mosaic
P a daadsa
.
ww. P 20. .
ww. P means .
ww. P pattern. ww.. P .
ww. P
w
ww
ww ww ww ww
[Ans. Eugenics] ww ww ww wwww
6. How does hemophilia affect an individual?
21. The term rg reugenics
g was coined by __________.r grg rgrg with a recessivei.O.gene rgrg for
l a ia O
. i.O [ Ans.l a i O
. i.O Galton] Ans. A laperson
Francis
a ia.Oi . O l a a i O
l l l l
adsaasa adsaasa asa asa substance
w
a d
a a d
a a d
a adsahaemophilia lacks a normal
a d
a adsaclotting adaada
s
. P. P 22. The term Euphenics
. P.was
P coined by __________. . P. P (thromboplastin) in .P
blood,
.P hence minor injuries . P. P
ww ww [Ans. Joshua Lederberg] ww cause continuous ww bleeding, leading to death. ww
23. The sciencergrg of improving human rgrgrace by rgrg rgrg
l a i .O
i
improving
l a . O environmental l a i .O
i
conditions
la . O is called l ali
a.O
i . O lalia.Oi . O
asaasa asaasa asaasa aa
daadsas daadsa
. .P
ww Padad _ _________. . .P
ww Padad [Ans. Euthenics] Padad
. .P
ww P a
. .P
ww P a
. .P
ww
ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg73
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
adsaaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P
Sample
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daadsa
.. P for Full P
. Bookstores .. P
ww
ww
ww
wwwwww
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
Sura’s
l al a i l a l a i l a l a i
.
ww.P P 7. What is Rh factor
ww.. P
orP Rh antigen? .
ww. P P passive immunity .
and
ww. P P
prevents the formation .
ww. P P
ww
ww Ans. (i) Rh factor ww ww is a immunogenic D w www
antigen of anti D antibodies wwww in the mothers blood www
byw
destroyinggthe
i .
ofrg
O . O
theg Rh blood group system
rsurface i . O . rgrfound
O g on
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O
system
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sensitized. This i
has .O .
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rgbe
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l al a i of Rhesus l a l a i l a l a i
Chapter 4
a daadsaasa monkey and human a da

saasa In the blood it dadsawhenever
adbeings. a a
asa the woman attains
a da
asa
adsapregnancy. adaada
s
.
ww P. P is inherited . P. P
waswa dominant trait. . P. P
ww 5. Draw a schematic . P. P
wwrepresentation to show ww. P. P
m
ww
(ii) An individual having D antigen are Rh D ZW – ZZ type of sex determination.
(Rh g +
) and those without D antigen g are Rh Ans. rgrg
l alia.Oi .
D
r r g
Onegative (Rh–). l alia.Oi . r
O r g
Pl a lia.Oi . O F
AAZW AAZZ l a lia. i. rgrg
m OO
aa aa aa aa
daadsas daadsas daadsasGametes daadsas AZ daadsa
co
1
a a a AZ AW a a
ww P
. .P Short w Aw ww P
. .P 3 Marksww P
w. .P ww P
. .P ww P
. .P
ww
ww wnswers
w ww w
wwww wwww
1. Why are rgrpeople
g with O blood group rgrcalled
g as rgrg
F Generation AAZZ AAZW rgrg
i . O
i
universal
a
lala . O donors? a i . O
i . O 1
a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
saasPeople slalaboth ‘A’ and ‘B’ 6.
saalack as lalais SRY? saaslalFa
s.
d ad
Ans. with ‘O’ blood d a
groupd d adsaWhat M
d ad daadsa
..P a
P a P a
P a
. .when ‘O’ blood is donated P a
P a
. . Ans. SRY stands for sex P a
P a
. determining
. ..P a
P
wwww antigens. Therefore wwww wwww ww ww region Y.wItw ww
ww w w
to another individual, his blood will not produce
w w w w
is a gene found in the euchromatin regions of ww
ok
any antibodies
rrg g against it. Therefore g
people
rr g with the Non–combiningrgrg region of Y chromosome. rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O It l a
codesia. O
i . Ofor testes determining l a i . O
i
factor
a . O (TDF)
s al blood group are calledasa
as‘O’ asa al
universal donors. s asal s asal
P a daa a
d ‘AB’ Blood group P a da d s
P a daa a
d present in testes of .Males. P a daa a
dThis gene does not .PP a daadsa
.
ww. P 2. ww.. P individuals are called
.
ww. P occur in X chromosome. ww. P ww.
ww
ww ww
universal recipients.
ww Justify. ww ww wwww ww
ww
‘A’ 7. What is sex Index?
o
Ans. Peoplerg with
g AB blood group have g both
g g rgrbyg the
i
antigen
l al a O r
. i.Oand B antigen in theirlaRBCs. lia O r r
. i.OTherefore Ans. In laDrosophila lia. i.O g the sex is determined
O r r
l a lia.Oi . O
a d adsaasthey
a can receive bloodasa
a d d
asa ‘A’ group, ‘B’
from a d
asa between the genes for
adsabalance a d
asa
adsafemaleness located
adaada
s
ab
. P. P a . P. P a . P. P a on the ‘X’ chromosome. P. P a

and those for maleness . P. P
ww group or ‘O’ w group
w individuals their bloodwwill w ww ww
ww
ww wwww
not produce antibodies against any of them. wwww ww
located on thew‘autosomes’
w (A). Hence the sex
wofw
ww
an individual rgrgis determined by thei.ratio rgof
Therefore
i .O
i .Orgrgpeople with ‘AB’ blood i .O
i . rggroup
O rg are i
chromosome . O
i . O to that of the autosome O
i
A . O rgits
sets.
X
This
sas l
aa al a
called as universal recipients.
aa la
sasla aslaalisa termed as sex indexaand
saratio saasislaalexpressed
a
d ad d ad d ad d d as daadsa
ur
P a a
. .P 3. What is null allele? P
. .P a a P
. .P a a P a a
. .Pof X chromosomes (X)ww P
. P a
ww
ww
ww
Ans. In ABO blood wwww ww
group, each allele (IwAwand
ww ww
Sex Index = ww
wwww
Number ww ww .
IB) produces a transferase enzyme. IA allele Number of sets of autosomes (A)
. O Or gr g . O r
O gr g change . O inr
Og r g
this ratio leads to a ichanged . O rgrg sex
O
a
lalai
producesi. N-acetyl galactose a
lalai
transferase
i . and can
aslalaa i i . a i .
saaslala
.s
d adsaasadd N-acetyl galactosamine d ad saas(NAG) and IB allele ada dsaphenotype. d ad daadsa

P
.. Pa a P
.. Pa a P P a
. . 8. Females are carriers P a
P a
. . of Haemophilia. Giveww . P a
P
ww
ww
ww encodes for w
w
theww
w w enzyme galactose transferase
w ww
w
ww
w wwwww
w www .
that adds galactose to the precursor (i.e. H Reason.
w
substances) rrg g In the case of I /I

O O
allele no
rrg terminal
g Ans. Haemophilia rgrgis a disease caused byi.aOrecessive rgrg X
i . O
i .
transferase
l a a O enzyme is produced l a i
a . O
i .
and O therefore l a ia. O
i . O l a a i . O
al
adsaascalled
l
adsaasacannot add NAG adaadsa–blind al gene. If a normal female
aslinked al
asmarries
adsagene a colour
P a da “null” allele and
P a dahence
P male or vice versa,
P a dthe
a is carried in PP a daadsa
.
ww. P w .. P .
ww. P . P
wwof. the female (female hasw2w .
w .
wwwwprecursor. ww w
w
ww or galactose towthe ww the X – chromosome ww

ww ww ww
4. How can erythroblasts foetalis be prevented? X Chromosomes). If both the chromosomes carry
.O r gr g
Omother O
.and r g g
Orfoetus is the receive.O rggene
O rg she becomes colour blind. .O rgIfrgone X
O
Ans. If
l alithe
a i . is Rh negative l alia i . l alia i . l alia i .
adsaasRh
a positive, anti D aantibodies saasa adsachromosome
asa caries the recessive
adsabeasgene
a she may not
w
P a da P a da d should be
P a d
a suffer from the disease Pbuta d
will
a a carrier carrying .PP a daadsa
.
ww . P administeredw . . P
towthe mother at 28th and w 34th
w . . P . . P
ww generation. Haemophilia ww .
ww
ww week of gestation wwwwas a prophylactic measure. wwwIfw the gene to the ww wnext
w ww ww
follows the characteristics criss - cross pattern of
the Rh rnegative
gr g mother delivers Rh positive r gr g child rgrThe
g females are carriers of rgrdisease
g
i .O . O D antibodies shouldlabe i .O . O inheritance.
i.O . O i .O .the
O
aathen
l al a ianti l a iadministered l ala i l al a i
daadsasto the mother soonPafter saasa This develops dadsaand
daaddelivery.
asaworld transmit the disease
daad saastoa 50% of their
daadsa
P
. .P a . .P a P
. .P a a son’s even if a male parent
P
. .P a is normal. P
. .P a
ww ww ww ww ww
a i
lala . O
i . O a i . O
i .O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
adsaaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P
ww
Sample
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daadsa
.. P for Full P
. Bookstores .. P
ww
ww
ww
ww ww w ww www. ww
ww
ww .
ww wwww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a i
Zoology
.
ww.P P 9. What is the role
ww.. P
of P the gene responsible for
.
ww. P P
15. What is the chemical
ww.. P P
reaction that is affected .
ww.P P
ww
ww colour blindness ww ww in a normal human beings? ww ww in people suffering ww
ww from Albinism? ww ww
Ans. A dominant rgrg X – linked gene is necessary rgrg for the Ans. 3, 4 dihydroxy rgrg rgrg
i . O
i
formation
l a a . O of colour sensitivel a i . O
i
cells,
a . Othe cones. l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
→
l l l Tyro sin ase l
a daadsaaswhich
a helps to distinguish
a da
asa A recessive
adsacolours. a da
asa
adsaphenylalanine a da aasa
adsMelanin adaada
s
.
ww P. P form of the gene ww . P. P
is incapable of producing .
the
ww P.P w . P. P .
ww P. P
m
ww w
ww ww ww (DOPA) ww ww
ww ww
cones. Hence the affected person is unable to ww ww
Affected individuals lack the tyrosinase enzyme
distinguish r gr g red and green colour. rgrg which rgrg DOPA to melanin
converts grg
rpigment

10. l al
What
ia.Oi . O
are Y linked or holandric l ali
a O
.genes?
i . O l alia.Oi . O l alia.Oi . O
responsible for skin colour. It aisacaused due to
adsaas(i)
a aa
dainadsathes non-homologous Padaadsautosomal aasa daadsas daadsa
co
P a daAns. The genes present
P a recessive genes.
P a P a
. .P
ww w . .P
w ww. .P ww . .P ww. .P
ww
ww regionwof www the Y chromosome arewcalled ww
w 16. What is thewreason ww
w for the occurrence wwwofw
Y - linked genes or holandric genes. chromosomal abnormalities?
(ii) .O Ther
O grYg- linked genes have no.corresponding O r
O grg Ans. . O
(i) Chromosomalrgrg
O disordersai.are O rgrcaused
O g
a l alia i . a l alia i . a l alia i . a l l a i .
a allele in X - chromosome. a a errors in the number a
s.
P a daadsas(iii) These genes are P a daadsas directly from Padaadsas by
transmitted chromosomes. P a daadsasor structure of Padaadsa
..
ww P ww .. P ..
wYw P ww .. P ww. .P
ww
ww fatherwtow wson,
w because males inherit wwww
the (ii) Chromosomal w w w
w anomalies usually occur w w
w w
chromosome from the father. when there is an error in cell division.
ok
(iv)
i . OEg.
. rgrgGene for Hypertrichosis
O i . O . rg(excessive
O rg i . O
Failure
. rgrgof chromatids to segregate
O i . O . rgrduring
O g
l al a i l a a i
l of the ear). l al a i l a a i
al gain or loss
a daadsaasa development ofahairs da adsaonasapinna
a daadsaasa cell division resulting a da
saasthe
adin a daadsa
.
ww.P P 11. What is karyotyping?
ww. . P P .
ww. P P of one or more
ww. . P chromosomes
P is called .
ww. P P
ww
ww Ans. Karyotyping ww wisw a technique through wwhich
ww
w aneuploidy. ww wItw is caused by non-disjunction wwww
a complete set of chromosomes isrgseparated of chromosomes. Eg. Down’s syndrome.
o
O r gr g
. i.aOcell and the chromosomes O r g
O arranged 17. What
. i.are .O rgrg
O O rgrg
O
.cytoplasmic
from
l alia l alia l alia is
i . extra chromosomal or l alia i .
a d adsaasina pairs. An idiogramadrefers adsaastoa a diagrammatic adaadsainheritance. asa
a d adsaasa adaada
s
ab
. P. P a representationwof . P . P a . P. P . P. P a . P. P
ww wchromosomes. ww Ans. Certain characters ww are controlled w byw
ww
ww wwww wwww
non – nucleas ww ww
genomes found in chloroplast, wwww
12. What is Pedigree analysis?
rgrisga “family tree”, drawni.O rgrstandard
g Mitochondria, rgrg infective agents and plasmids,
rgrg
Ans. Pedigree
i . O
i . O with
i . O i . O
i . O i . O
i . O
l al a l al a and l al do
a not reveal Mendelian l al a pattern of
s asgenetic
a symbols, showing s asathe inheritance s asa s asachromosomal
a a
dad pathway for specific a a
daphenotypic
d a
dad aInheritance. This is called a
as
dad a
extra daadsa
ur
P
. .P a P
. .P a characters. P a
. .P inheritance. Theywexhibit P a
. .P maternal influenceww P
. .P a
wwww ww ww ww
wthey
w w w w w w
ww Pedigree analysis ww is the study of traits w asw w w
in their pattern of inheritance. Eg. Inheritance w w
have appeared in a given family line for several of the shell
pasti . O O g
r rg
generations.
. i . O . O g
r rg i . O . rgrcoiling
O g pattern in fresh water
i . O . rgrgsnail
O
a
lala i a i Limnaea
a i peregra. a i
saaslala aslala saaslala
.s
d adsaasWhat
13. are Mendelian d a
disorders?
d d
18. adsaWhat are Kappa particles. d ad daadsa
P a
P a
. . Ans. Alteration or mutation P a
P a
. . in a single gene causes P a
P a
. . Ans. They are cytoplasmic P a
P a
. . symbionts occurringww . P Pa
ww
ww
ww
w www ww
w ww
w
ww
w ww
w
ww
w ww .
w
Mendelian disorders. These disorders are in some strains of the ciliated paramecium
w
transmitted rrg g to the offsprings on rrgthe

g same which have rgrtheir
g own DNA. It liberates rgragtoxin
l a
lineia. O
i
as. O the Mendelian pattern l a ia.
of
O
i . O
inheritance. l a i
paramecina. O
i . O and strains which l a ia. O
i
possess. O these
s asal s asal s asal s asal
P a daa a
d Some examples for P a da a d
Mendeliana d a a
disorders are Pa ad particles are called ‘killer P a daad a
paramecia’. Inheritance
P a daadsa
.
ww. P . P
ww. phenylketonuria,wetc. .
w . P w . P
. extra chromosomal .
ww. P
wwww iswby
w
ww Thalassemia, walbinism,
w of killer trait,ww ww
ww ww inheritance.
w w w w
These disorders may be dominant or recessive
O r
and.autosomal
Org g or sex linked. .O r
Org g 19. What .isOeuphenics?rgrg
O .O rgrg
O
adsaasDraw
14. a the symbols for asaasa Ans. sTheasasymptomatic treatmentaofsaasgenetic a disease of
w
adaman s
. P. a
P
da (a) Mating . (b)
P . a
P
da d
Dizygotic twins. . P. a
P
da is called Euphenics .P .Pa d
ora d
Medical engineering. .P.P adaada
wwww ww ww wwww In 1960, Joshua ww wLederberg
w coined the w ww
term ww
ww Ans. Mating ww Dizygotic twins ww ww w
euphenics. It means normal appearing. It
.O r
O gr g .O r
O gr g deals i.with
O rgrgthe control of several
O .O O grg
rinherited
human ala i .
asa diseases especially the la l
ainbornia i.
aa aa a errors of
P a daadsas P a daadsas P a daadsametabolism. Eg. P a daadsas (PKU)
Phenylketonuria P adaadsa
. .P
ww ww . .P ww . .P ww ww . .P . .P
ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww ww
ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg75
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
adsaaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P
ww
Sample
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daadsa
.. P for Full P
. Bookstores .. P
ww
ww
ww
wwww ww
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
Sura’s
l a la i l al a i l a l a i
.
ww.P P 20. What is euthenics?.
ww. P P .
ww. P P diploid having . P
developed
ww. P from fertilized eggs .
ww. P P
ww
ww Ans. The science ww ww of improvement of existing wwww help to raise the wwwqueen’s
w eggs and so contribute wwww
humanrg race by improving the environmental to the queen’s reproductive success g and
i . O . O rgis called i . O . rgrg
O i
indirectly. O . rgtorgtheir own,
O a phenomenon i . O . rgrknown
O
laala i
conditions euthenics. It can i be achieved i i
saaslaanutrition,
la ala
saasaslaKin laala
Chapter 4
d adsaasby subjecting them tod a

better
d better d ad Selection. The queen d adsaasconstructs their daadsa
. P. aa
P . P. aa
P . P.Pa a social environment by . P. a
P a . P. a
P
ww unpolluted w ecological
ww conditions, better ww ww releasing a hormone that ww
m
ww
ww w
wwsufficient wwww wwww wwww
education and medical facilities. suppresses fertility of the workers. Eg. Honey
rgerythoblastosis
rg rgrg bees. rgrg rgrg
21. What i . O
i . is
O foetalisi.(or)O
i . O i .Oi . O i .Oi . O
aal al a l a l a
asa born (HDN)? 23. asaWhat l al a
asa is Sex-switch gene? asaasa l a l a
daadsasHaemolytic disease of the
daadsanew dad located on the X Padaadsa
co
P a (or) Write about the
P aincompatiability of P a dad (i)
Ans. A gene, sex–lethalP a(SxL)
. .P
winw ww. .P
ww
ww Rh-factor. ww ww wwww chromosome, wwww Drosophila directs female wwww
Ans. (i) Rh incompatability has great significance development.
. O Or grg . O r
O grg O
This
. rggene
O rg has two states of activity. . O rgrg
O When
a
lalai in
i . child birth. If a woman a
lala i is
i . Rh negative (ii) a
lalai i . a
lala i i .
a a a a
s.
s
daada s and the man is Rhdpositive, s s s s
ada the foetus may adaada it is ‘on’ it directs female s
daadadevelopment and Padaadsa
s
..P a
P P a
P a
. .having inherited the factor ..P P when it is ‘off’ ..P Pa . .P
wwww be Rh positive
w ww
w w www w wmaleness
w w ensures.
w ww
w
ww from its ww father. w w (iii) Other genes w w located on the X chromosome w w
(ii) The rgrg Rh negative mother becomes andrautosomes regulates sex switch rgrgene.
ok
O i . O . Ogrg
i . O . O g
l al a i sensitized by carrying Rh
l a l a i
positive foetus l
(iv) al a i
However, the Y chromosome l a lof
a iDrosophila
a daadsaasa within her body.adaadsaasa a daadsaasa is required for male a d adsaasa
fertility.
a a daadsa
.
ww.P P (iii) Due to w
. P P
ww. of blood vessels, during
damage
.
ww. P P ww.. P P .
ww. P P
ww
ww w w w w ww
w L ong A w ww
w
nswers 5 Marks w ww
w
child birth, the mother’s immune system
o
i .O . Orgrg
recognizes the Rh antigens
i . O . rgrand
O g gets 1. Explain
i . O . rgrg
criss-cross
O pattern of inheritancei .O . rgrgwith
O
l al a i l a l a i l al a i l a l a i
a d adsaasa sensitized.
Rh
The sensitized
antibodies. a d adsaasamother produces adaadsaanasa example. (or) Explain Inheritance
a d adsaasa of colour adaadsa
ab
.P.P a .P.P a .P.P blindness. .P.P a .P.P

wwww (iv) The antibodies ww ww are IgG type which ww ww
are Ans. In human beings wawwdominant
w X – linked gene
ww
wisw
ww ww ww ww ww
small and can cross placenta and enter the necessary for the formation of colour sensitive
i .O .Orgrg circulation. By the time
foetal i .O . O grgmother
rthe cells, ithe .O . O grg The recessive form.O
rcones. i of. O grggene
rthis
aal al a i l ala
aproduce
a i l al a
asincapable
a i l al a i
a asensitive cone
daadsas gets sensitized and
daadsisasdelivered. anti ‘D’
daadsaiscells. of producing colour
daadsasfemales daadsa
ur
P
. .Pa antibodies, the
P
. .P a
child P
. .P a Homozygous P
. .P a
recessive (X X
c c
) P
. .P a
wwww wno
www ww
wwith
w and hemizygous ww wrecessive
w males (XcY)ware ww ww
ww (v) Usually ww effects are associated ww ww w
exposure of the mother to Rh positive unable to distinguish red and green colour. The
. O r
O gr g . O r
O gr g inheritance . O rgrofg colour blindness canibe
O . O rgrg in
studied
O
a i i antigen
. during the first
a i i .child birth, a i i . a i .
saaslala subsequent Rh positive la
saaslachildren la
aslafollowing saaslala
.s
d ad d ad carried d adsathe two types of marriages.

d ad daadsa
P
.. Pa a P a
P a
. mother,
. . P a
P a (i) Marriage between
..P a
P a
colour blind man and ..P a
P
ww
ww
ww by the same
ww
antibodies
ww ww may be exposedw
produced by the motherw wwwtow.
against normal w ww ww
visioned
w woman: wwww ww
A marriage between a colour blind man
w
Rhrgrantigen,
g which are carriedrg across
r g the rgrg visioned woman iwill grg
rproduce
l a ia. O
i . O
placenta into the foetal blood
l a ia. O
i . O
circulation. and
l aaia. O
normal
i . O l a a. O
i . O
al
adsaas(vi)
l
adsaasa of foetal RBCs adaadsa asal visioned male and female
normal l
adsaasaindividuals in adaadsa
a da This causes haemolysis
a da a da
.P.P
ww .P.haemolytic
winw P ww.P.P F1 generation but wthe .P.females
w P are carriers. Thew.P.P
resultingww jaundice wand www
w
ww
ww w w w w w marriage between w ww
w a F1 normal visioned carrier ww
anaemia. This condition is known as
woman and a normal visioned male will produce
O r g
Erythoblastosis
r g foetalis orOrHaemolytic
O of the new born (HDN).
. i.disease . i.O gr g one normal .O rgrvisioned
O g female, one carrier .O rgrfemale,
O g
adsaasa adsaasa asanormal visioned male and adsaasone
a colour blind
w
one
adsa s
.P. a
P
da22. Define Kin P
selection.
. . a
P
da . P. a
P
da male. Colour blind trait
.P .Pa da
is inherited from the . P. adaada
P
wwww ww ww wwww male parent w
wwgrandson through carrier
whis
tow w ww ww
ww Ans. The mode of wwsex determination which facilitates ww ww
the evolution daughter, which is an example of criss-cross
rgrg of sociality in which rgronly
g one rgrg rg g
i .
diploid
laala O
i . Ofemale becomes a queen i
ala . O
i . O
and lays the ai.O
pattern iof.Oinheritance. i.Or
ai.O
a s
a aseggs for the colony. All a saaslafemales
other a saaslala
which are a saaslala daadsa
P
. .P adad P
. .P adad P a
. .P
d
a d P a
. .P
d
a d P a
. .P
ww ww ww ww ww
a i
lala . O
i . O a i . O
i .O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
adsaaslala daadsa
P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P a P
.. a
P
Sample
P a daada s
P a daada
www.Padasalai.Net s
P a daada s
P a daada s
P a daadsa
.. P for Full P
. Bookstores .. P
ww
ww
ww
wwww w www.
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i . O
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i . O . O
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saaslaala saaslaala saaslaalglobin
a chains. Thalassemia
saaslaaorlpatients
a have
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co
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wwP
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a i i . a i i . a i i . a i i .
saaslala saaslala a
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s.
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P a da ad
chain of haemoglobin P a daadsa
..
ww P ww.. P ww .. P ww .. P ww.. P
ww
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ok
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l ali
a i . Marriage between l a
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a i .
d adsaasa man and normal d saasal woman
avisioned
d d
l
adsaasa or more of the fouraalpha d adsaa sal alleles causes
gene
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P a Alpha Thalassemia.
. P P aIn Beta Thalassemia, . P a
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wwww. (ii) Marriage ww ww. normal visioned
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s
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daadsas with a colour saasamale will produce dadsaasa
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O . O rgrghave
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saaslala saaslala aslaladetected. Eg. Klinefelter’s la
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.s
2
d ad d ad d adsabeen d ad and daadsa
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asaXlchromosome
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ww. ww. ww. ww. ww.
w
ww
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w have 47 chromosomes ww ww
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l al a i l al a i l amales,
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O .O Orgrg
aal alia i . l al ia i
asa visioned . l ali
a i .
asa This genetic disorder aissadue aa la l i
a i.
P a daadsas man and
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ww
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a
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l al a females. Low stature, webbed
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(b) Sterilization of the a
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l l a
Chapter 4
a daadsaasa developed breast,ada adsaasa gonads lack adaadsaasa (c) Control of immigration
rudimentary a da adsaasa and adaada
s
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s
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orrect
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in __________.
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s.
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a d adsa(i) SRY -
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P a ..P a
P a P a
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ok
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l a ia i .
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aasaXXX asal
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i linked
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i . O
l l l l
a d adsaas(c)
a XX - XY asa(d)
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asa XX - XO
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s
ab
. P. P a5. Y – Chromosome . P
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I
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O
i
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d
6.
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a
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aslaalDrones
sainto a
daadsa
ur
P
. .P a a ____________. P
. .P a a P a a
. .P (a) i,iv ww P a a
. P (b) ii,iii,iv P
. .P a
ww
ww
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hort
a i . O
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d
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P
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P a ..P a
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w C. Aneuploidy ww wwww 12. What is criss w winheritance?
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ww w wwww
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i -
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i l a i.
a Oi . O l a i
a . O
i . O
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adofsaakaryotype
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a P a d
a -dD
P a d
a
14. What is trisomy 21? P a d
a P a daadsa
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wwD w. 3 - A 4 - C ww
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w
ww
ww ww ww ww
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l alia i . i . l al a i . i .
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a (A): The Kappa adsaasain paramecium adaadsagroups. asa adsaasa
w
s
. P. a
P
d
a appears to be a P
bacterium
. . a
P
d
a . P.
P .P .Pa
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d
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on the chromosomal
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O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
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P a daadsas P a daadsas  
P adaadsas P a daadsas P a daadsa
. .P
ww . .P
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ww
ww
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a
lalai . O
i . O a i . O
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P a P
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P a P
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P a P
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P
Sample
P a daada s
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P a daada s
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UNIT r gr g
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l a ia. O
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a
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m
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rgrg rgrg rgrg rgrg
aa
daadsas
l alia.Oi . O
aa
daadsas
l alia.Oi . O
Genetics aa
daadsas
l alia.Oi . O
aa
daadsas
l alia.Oi . O
daadsa
co
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a i a i a i a i
s.
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a daadsaasa a d adsaasa SNAPSHOT adaadsaasa
CHAPTER
a a daadsaasa a daadsa
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o
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l a ia. O
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i . O
is the genetic material l a a i l a ia.Oi . O
l l l l
a d adsaasa a d adsaasaChemistry of nucleicadacids
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s
ab
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ww
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5.06 Properties of genetic material
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aal al a i aal la i aal al a i aal al a i
daadsas daadsa s DNA Replication Padaadsas
5.08 daadsas daadsa
ur
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5.10 Genetic code
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. O r–grthe
O g adapter molecule .O.O rgrg . O rgrg
O
a i i . a i i . a i i a i i .
saaslala la
sa aslaTranslation saaslala saaslala
.s
5.12
P a daad P a daa
5.13d Regulation of P
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expression P a daad P a daadsa
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ww
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ww
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s a laalia. i.This is only for a laalia. i.

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d ad saasa da dsaasa d adsaasa d adsaasa daadsa

d ad Chapterd adsa10 d ad d ad daadsa

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a da adsaasCahoose the Correct

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dsas saascycle saas28/29 daadsa

spermatocytes are seminiferousgtubule This g

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16. Refer Evaluation

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ada daada daada s(iv) 14 daada daada s

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adaada Organogenesis. adaada daadsaDescribe

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d adsaas(i) The human sperm

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saas[ Ans. sa[ saas(a)

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ada daada daada s(iv) 14 daada daada s

. P. P a . P. P a . P. P a Reason : It must . P . P a . P. P

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