2: Literature review:

2.1: theoretical background of writing apprehension.

2.1.1: definitions

2.1.2: aspects of WA (used by the theorist)

2.2: measurements of writing apprehension

2.2.1: Sampling

2.2.1.1: Sample size

2.2.1.2: Sampling strategy

2.2.2: Variables

2.2.3: research type

2.2.4: nature of the instrument

2.2.4.1: self-developed

2.2.4.2: administrated without any change

2.2.4.3: adapted

Level of learners

Age of the respondents

Types of the instruments

Nationality

2.2.5: major aspects of the instruments

2.2.6: validity

2.2.6.1: Face validity

2.2.6.2: Construct validity

2.2.6.3.: Concurrent validity

2.2.6.4: Content validity

2.2.6.5: Predicative

2.2.7: reliability

2.2.8: test

2.2.8.1: Direct

2.2.8.2: Indirect
2.2.9: rubrics

2.2.9.1: Adopted

2.2.9.2: Self developed

2.2.10: groups vs variables

2.2.11 : relationship between x and y