EI6703: FIBRE OPTICS AND LASER INSTRUMENTS

UNIT I - OPTICAL FIBRES AND THEIR PROPERTIES

1. (i) Explain the following terms: meridian ray, skew ray, acceptance and critical angle for
skew ray.
(ii) Analyze the importance of Ray optic theory and explain in detail.

2. (i). Draw the block diagram of optical fibre Transmission system and explain its
functions.
(ii) Describe the different types of fibers and their properties with neat sketches.

3. Explain the characteristics of fiber in terms of

(i) Mechanical characteristics,
(ii) (ii) Transmission characteristics

4. Discuss about following losses.

a) the different absorption losses in an optical fiber
b) losses due to scattering in optical fibers
c) different types of dispersion in fibers

5. (i). Discuss the principles of splicing technique and illustrate the following
(1). Mechanical splicing
(2). Fusion splicing
(ii) Write short notes on fibre terminators.

6. Illustrate the different types of joints and connectors with an example and explain their
properties

7. Requirements, merits, demerits and working of Optical sources and detectors.

UNIT II-INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF OPTICAL FIBRES

1. Examine the principle of interferometric method of measurement of length and pressure.

2. Describe the operation of optical pressure sensor and optical temperature sensor which
works on the principle of reflection concept, transmission concept, micro bending
concept and phase modulation type.
3. Discuss in detail the working of any three types of modulators.
4. Analyze the features of fiber optic sensors and point out the uses in the measurement of,
current and voltage.
5. Describe the construction and principle of working of laser Doppler velocity sensor strain
and flow.
6. With the help of OTDR display diagram, explain how measurement of attenuation and
fiber length is done using Optical time Domain Reflectometry.
7. Explain how optical fibers are used as Displacement, Position and Level sensors.
8. Write short notes on the operation of the following
 (i) Optical fluid level detector.
(ii) Optical reflective type displacement sensor.
(iii) Moire fringe modulator of displacement measurement.

UNIT III-LASER FUNDAMENTALS

1. Describe the Characteristics and different modes of lasers. Derive an expression for
threshold gain for laser
2. With the help of an energy diagram, analyze how four level laser system is advantageous
to three level laser system .Also explain the construction and working of a Three and four
level laser
3. Examine the construction and operation of solid state lasers(Ruby),Gas (He-Ne,CO2),
liquid and Semiconductor lasers with neat diagram
4. Explain the process of Q Switching, modelocking and cavity dumping in laser system?
5. Write short notes on (i) LIDAR (ii) Laser Tracking (iii) frequency chirping.
6. Discuss about various Resonator configuration/ Cavity of a laser setup.
7. (i) List the properties of laser, and also give its merits compared with LED.
(ii).Discuss about different types of hetro structures of a semiconductor laser. State the
merits and demerits of each structure

UNIT IV- INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF LASER

1. How will you measure the current,voltage, length and distance by using laser? Explain.
2. Explain in detail the measurement of acceleration and velocity of a smooth surface and
rough surface plates using laser.( Describe about Laser Doppler Velocimetry for Fluid
velocity and acceleration measurement)
3. Give the theory of material processing and explain the Laser heating, welding, melting
trimming of materials by laser.
4. Describe the apparatus used for laser drilling, removal and vaporization and explain its
working
5. (i)Assess the different steps involved in laser materials processing with apparatus setup.
(ii) Explain the advantages of each.

UNIT V- HOLOGRAM AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

1. Examine the need of holography and compare holography with commercial photographic
techniques and explain in detail.
2. Classify the methods of holography and explain each method in detail with suitable
diagrams.
3. Analyze the principles of holographic inferometry and its application in Nondestructive
Testing of materials.
4. What are the uses of LASER in the field of medicine and explain in detail also state the
precaution to be considered while using laser in the field of medicine.
5. Explain how laser is used for Brain surgery and Plastic surgery
6. Examine the medical applications of LASER in gynecology and oncology