Dr.Mahendra Pratap Yadav, H&SS Unit- II : Forms of Technical Communication Technical Report- Technical Report is a document that describes the process, progress or result of technical or scientific research or the state of a technical or scientific research problem. it might also include recommendations and conclusions of the research. Unlike other scientific literature, such as scientific journals and the proceedings of some academic conferences, technical reports rarely undergo comprehensive independent peer review before publication. They may be considered as grey literature. Where there is a review process, it is often limited to within the originating organization. Similarly, three are no formal publishing procedures for such reports, expect where established locally. ‘According to C. A. Brown, “A report is an organism of passing information from someone who has information, to someone who wants to utilize that information.” ‘According to Philip S. Atkinson, “A report present in organized manner the information that has been requested by an authorized person.” In this way it can be said that technical reports systematic and structured document that defines, examines and analyses a subject, problem or situation which includes- 1- The chronological record of event. 2- Explanation of the significance of these events or facts. 3+ Evaluation and assessment of the facts or figures presented on the basis of the research conducted. 4- Discussion of the results of a decision or action taken. 5- Conclusions about the subject, problem or situation. 6- Recommendations for future action. Importance of Technical Reports- Technical reports have following advantage- 1- A technical report discuss the particular problem in detail. It brings important and reliable information in knowledge of top officials, on the basis of which, the higher authority can take strong decisions, 2 Technical reports examine The available and potential solutions to a problem, issue or situation.ports ical, reasoning, intellectual and evalua, ical demonstrate your analytical, reas¢ [ . Sena the possible solutions and doing their comparative study to apply ., best one. He 4- Technical reports exhibit your concise and clear communication skills i 5- Technical reports serve as a strong base for making plans and for solving complex problems by the top authorities. 6 Report serves as an important document for judging performance of the departments and individuals. Seminar / Conference paper Content 1. __ Introduction - Set out the "Crux" of the Paper. introduce and note why the topic isimportant. Briefly summarize necessary background information. 2. Background - Orient the Audience. Describe the genesis of the subject. 3. Analysis - Explain the Thesis. Large-Scale Organization. 4. Conclusion. Restate the thesis of the paper. The steps involved in writing a conference/Seminar paper ~/ Conference / Seminar papers are articles that are submitted to a conference to get an ‘opportunity to present your results. The presentation is usually oral along with 2 ppt, but initially you have to submit either an abstract or an article which is reviewed by the conference / Seminar organizers to decide whether or not you get a chance to present at the conference /Seminar. Often, the paper is later published in the conference proceedings for more visibility. Before you begin writing your conference / Sminar paper, you must check the con Seminar conventions and guidelines and note down any structural or formatting sty followed. Make sure you present your findings in an organized and logical manner The following format can refer while writing conference / Seminar paper Abstract: It is the first section of the paper and summarizes the findings of your You can include the main points of your research like the purpose of your re: methods used, the findings as well as the conclusion of your research in the Overview and problem statement: It provides a brief overview of your research topic and states the problem that you have identified through your preliminary research. You must highlight a gap between the ideal situation and the reality in this section. Proposed method: This section must provide brief details about the methods that you have Proposed ~ the assumptions as well as workings that you have carried out. You can make Use of facts and figures to make your data appear impressiveExperimental data analysis and results: This section contains a brief analysis of the data and the results of your preliminary experiments, Conclusion and References: This section includes the conclusion of your research as well as recommendations for further research. You must also mention all the references correctly in this section. Technical Research Paper- Writing, Method and Style Technical research paper is about gathering information in order to answer question and solve an engineering or technical problem. Usually it is made by engineers, technician (called also technologist), Technical research papers are considered to be an integral part of the education. in Particular, when conducting research, one can get the answer to the required questions. in other words, itis a process of gathering information in order to solve current problems and it increases human knowledge concerning the chosen field of the research. Nowada technology is an area that evolves within its different aspects and plays a crucial role in every persons life. There are numerous amounts of subjects that with every passing day added to the field of technology. Thus, technical research papers are essential to information regarding technological invention and breakthroughs. cover the Tips for writing a successful technical research paper- 1. Choose and define the topic 2- Know the audience and stick to your message 3- Structure of the paper and related works Structure of Research Paper- A technical paper should be clear and concise. The goal is to convey ideas and result to the readers in the least possible time and Space. A paper usually consists of the follow components- 1 Title 2- Abstract 3- Key words 4- Introduction 5- System model as p (institution of Electric and Electronic Engineers, New York), 6- Numerical results Conclusion 8 Appendix 9- Figure 10- Tables 11- References 12- Accep dp 13- Proofs Difference between Research Paper and Technical Paper- ~ Aresearch paper gets don beneath the assessment of a instructor or educators ~ Atechnical article does not need a instructorResearch papers are composed customarily by an Un f derstudy at a university at university or college, and work is ordinarily allotted. ae we ‘Research Paper hinic a — Research paper carries mor weight and the Technical article puts more accentuation on angle, not mecessary basic issue. ‘(research paper won't warran a reference list. it as broad of | the technique announcing on the discoveries. ‘A technical article, @ peruser can anticipate | to discover a broad book index. ‘A research paper gets done beneath the assessment. ‘A technical article does not need 3 instructor. : ‘A research paper of composed customarily by an understudy at @ university or college ‘A technical article is a piece, of around a subject that has of late investigated or | not very as in:dept. ‘Thesis Writing- ‘and the work is ordinarily allotted. surveyed and composed by an master in the field. ‘A research paper may offer a thesis but it’s | A technical article surveys @ ‘conceivable or current thought and composes almost the impacts ‘A thesis is an idea or theory that is expressed as a statement and is discussed in 2 logical way. A fh that you do as a part of @ thesis is a long piece of writing based on your ow! in ideas and researct university degree, especially a higher degree such as a Ph. D. introduction statement ai ‘scope thesis Problem im and overview Back ground History, Geography Current theory Current practice ‘own work proposals result Synopsis Discussion Conclusion Analysis Core design of your zl* & Elements of the Thesis- 1- Choosing the Thesis Topic 2 The Research Question 3. The Literature Review 4. Your approach to Evidence 5. Evidence and Analysis 6- Conclusion. Key-Note Speech- ‘Akey note in public speaking is @ talk that establishes a main underlying theme. In corporate or commercial settings, greater importance is attached to the delivery of a key note speech or key note address. The key note stablishes the frame work of the following programme of events or convention agenda; frequently the role of key note speaker will include that of convention moderator. It will also flag up a larger idea- 2 literary story, an individual musical piece, over event. At political or industrial conventions and expositions and at academic conferences, the key note address or key note speech is delivered to set the underlying tone and summarize the core message or most important revelation of the event. Key note speech are also given at the graduation and commencement ceremonies of College, Universities and major high schools usually by accomplished academics or celebrities invited by the student body. These speeches are often called a commencement speech. 7C’s of Effective Business Writing- ‘We write emails, conduct/attend meetings, participate in conferences and debate with your colleagues for frequently communication. We spend whole of our life communicating with our informal as well as formal links. In fact communication lays the foundation to every organization for developing and sustain a positive environment. To establish communication, you must apply certain communication principles. These principles are limited to the language aspect but they are also applicable to all forms of commun These principles are 7C’s of communication. You can use this list ‘of 7C’s to cre communication at all level of your organizational structure and also ensure interaction with the stake holders of the organization, 7C’s make sure that what means of communication you use, are well structured and clear-cut, These 7C’s are: 1- Clarity 2- Conciseness 3- Concreteness 4- Correctness 5- Consideration 6- Cmpleteness 7 courtesy.fe of simple language and ca,, ity implies emphasizing the Use : alk cag ae time It is better to minimize ideas and number of ide: sentence in ie clear about your goal oy per sentence. When writing oF speaking to ae ied PAM. care, message. What is your purpose in communi BM Bee eincrying to demands stressing on a definite message OF goal at a time, ae. do too much at a time. The clarity makes conception and descrip message easier. Clarity in communication has the following features: - It makes grasping easier. Complete clarity of thoughts and ideas enhances th iii Clear message makes use of exact, Appropriate an which enhance the impact on the reader/receiver/decoder. 2. Coneiseness- Conciseness means to convey in least possible words. When you are concise you stick to the point and you appear short and snappy. Conciseness dy expressions and message can be achieved by avoiding unnecessary wo! repetition. Using short and brief sentences, including relevant information in the message also bring conciseness in the communication. But conciseness never means to loose the completeness of the message. Try to avoide the adjectives or filler words that actually can be deleted withought sacrificing the comlete meaning of the message. 3. Concreteness- When your message is concrete, then your audience has a clear picture of what you're telling them. There are details (but not too many!) and vivid facts, and there's laser-like focus. Your message is solid. 4. Correctness- When your communication is correct, it fits your audience. And correct communication is also error-free communication. e interest in message. d concrete words * Do the technical terms you use fit your audience's level of education or knowledge? = Have you checked your writing for grammatical errors? Remember, spell checkers won't catch everything. «Are all names and titles spelled correctly? 5. Consideration- Consideration means taking into consideration the audience's viewpoints, knowledge level and their, education level. Consideration demands to put oneself in place of decoder while inventing details for message. It refers to the use of ‘You-attitude’, ‘visualizing reader's pro} emotions, expectations and their anticipated response. 6. Completeness- in a complete message, the audience has everything they need to be informed and, if applicable, take action. * Does your message include a “call to action,” so that your audience clearly knows what you want them to do? « Have you included all relevant information — contact names, dates, times, locations, and so on?7. Courtesy- Courteous communication is friendly, open, and honest. There are no hidden insults or passive-aggressive tones. You keep your reader's viewpoint in mind, and you're empathetic to their needs. All of us communteate every day. The better we communicate, the more credibility we'll have with our clients, our boss, and our colleagues. Use the 7 Cs of Communication as a checklist for all of your communication. By doing this, you'll stay clear, concise, concrete, correct, coherent, complete, and courteous.