7.

MINERAL RESOURCES

1. What are minerals?

Minerals are natural substances of organic or inorganic origin with definite
chemical and physical properties.

2. Mention three characteristics of minerals.

Characteristics:
1. Minerals are not evenly distributed over space.
2. The rate at which extraction is taking place is faster compared to the slow rate of
formation of ores. Minerals are thus exhaustible resources.
3. Minerals have inverse relationship in quality and quantity i.e., good quality
minerals are less in quantity than low quality minerals.

3. Mention two reasons why minerals are important?

1. The economic development of a country is influenced by the availability of
minerals.
2. Minerals form the base for several large-scale industries.

4. Agriculture is influenced by the availability of minerals. Give reason.

Agriculture is influenced by the availability of minerals in the form of fertilisers.

5. The mining industry is referred to as a ‘robber industry’. Give reason.

The rate at which extraction is taking place is faster compared to the slow rate of
formation of ores. Minerals are thus exhaustible resources. Therefore, the mining
industry is referred to as a ‘robber industry’.

IRON ORE:
1. Name two characteristics of iron ore deposits in India that facilitate their
optimum use in iron and steel plants. OR
What are the features of iron ore deposits in India?
1. The iron ore deposits in India occur as hill masses and are easily accessible.
2. They are found in close proximity to the areas producing coal, dolomite,
limestone and manganese.

2. Name the best quality of iron ore and two states where it is found.
Magnetite is the best quality of iron as it contains more than 70 % of iron.
It is found in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

3. Why is magnetite known as black ore?

Magnetite is dark black in colour and is, therefore, known as ‘black ore’.

4. Name the four different types of iron ore found in India. Which is the best
quality iron ore.
 Haematite, Magnetite, Limonite and Siderite are the four different types of iron
ore found in India.
Magnetite is the best quality of iron as it contains more than 70 % of iron.

5. Mention the main iron ore exporting port in India.

The main iron ore exporting ports in India are Vishakhapatnam and Marmagao.

6. Which ore of iron occurs with coal beds?

Limonite

7. Name the leading iron ore producing state in India. Name two important
iron ore fields in the state you have named.
Odisha is the leading iron ore producing state in India.
Badampahar in Mayurbhanj district, Keonjhar and Sundergarh districts.

8. Which variety of iron ore has magnetic properties? Which iron ore type is
generally found in India?
Magnetite ore has magnetic properties.
Hematite ore is generally found in India.

9. What grade of iron-ore is mostly mined in India? Name two leading iron-
ore producing states.
Hematite ore is mostly mined in India.
Odisha and Chhattisgarh are two leading iron-ore producing states.

10. Name a country which imports iron from India. Name the two ports
through which iron ore is exported.
Japan imports iron from India.
It imports through Visakhapatnam and Marmagao port.

11. What are the three varieties of iron ore found? Give two characteristics of
each.
Haematite –
1. It contains 60 - 70 % pure iron.
2. It is red in colour and also known as ‘Red Ore’
3. It is found in Jharkhand, Odisha Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh.

MAGNETITE
1. Magnetite has high iron content – more than 70 %.
2. It is black in colour and is, therefore, known as ‘black ore’.
3. Since it possesses magnetic property, it is called magnetite.
4. It is found in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

LIMONITE
1. It has 35 to 50% of iron and contains a lot of impurities.
2. It is brown in color.
3. Found in Raniganj coal field in West Bengal.

5. Name two important centre of iron ore production in these states:

Odisha: Badampahar in Mayurbhanj district, Keonjhar in Cuttack.
Chhattisgarh: Bailadila in Bastar district, Raigarh in Durg district
Jharkhand: Noamundi in Singhbhum district, Palamau district
Karnataka: Hospet in Bellary district, Bababudan hills in Chikmagalur district
Maharashtra: Ratnagiri and Chandrapur district

6. How is low grade iron ore utilised?

Low grade iron ore is utilised by using techniques like crushing and screening to
improve the concentration of the ore and remove impurities.
This results in high quality ore powders known as fines.

7. Raw iron needs to be alloyed in order to be useful in construction and

automobile industry. Give reason.
Raw iron needs to be alloyed in order to be useful in construction and
automobile industry because raw iron by itself is not as strong and hard as
needed for construction and automobile industry.

8. Mention three uses of iron ore. [Any 3]

1. About 90 per cent of iron ore is used to make steel which is a primary raw
material for construction, automobiles and other forms of transportation such as
trucks, trains and train tracks.
2. Powered iron is used in manufacturing metallurgy products, magnets, auto parts
and catalysts.
3. Iron blue is used in paints, printing inks, plastics, cosmetics (eye shadow), artist
colors, laundry blue etc.
4. Black iron oxide is used as pigment in polishing compounds, metallurgy,
medicine, and magnetic inks.

MANGANESE:

1. Mention the uses of Manganese.

a. Manganese is used to make steel tough and resistant to rusting. Therefore, it is
an important raw material for the iron and steel industry.
b. Manganese is used in the manufacturing of black enamel, bleaching powder,
insecticides, paints and dry cell batteries.

2. Mention two leading states producing manganese.

Odisha and Madhya Pradesh are two leading states producing manganese.

3. Where is manganese found in India?

Odisha – Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and sundergarh districts.
Madhya Pradesh – Balaghat and Jabalpur districts.
 Maharashtra – Nagpur and Bhandara districts.

4. Which state leads in the production of manganese?

Name two centres of production in the state named by you.
Odisha
Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and sundergarh districts.

5. Manganese is an important raw material in the iron and steel industry.

Give reason.
Manganese is an important raw material in the iron and steel industry because it
is used to make steel tough and resistant to rusting.

COPPER:

1. Mention the uses of Copper.

a. Copper is good conductor of electricity. It is ductile and malleable and is used in
the electrical industry extensively.
b. It is used in the manufacturing of electric machinery, wires, cables, utensils,
automobile and defence industries.

2. Where is copper found in India?

Madhya Pradesh – Balaghat and Betul district
Jharkhand: Singhbhum and Palamau district

3. Name the leading copper producing state in India.

Madhya Pradesh is the leading copper producing state in India.

BAUXITE:

4. Why is aluminium used in the manufacture of aircraft and electric cables?

Aluminium is extremely light weight and low in density and so won't weigh
down the plane. Therefore, it is used in manufacturing of aircraft.
Being a good conductor of electricity, it is used in electric cables.

5. Where is the largest integrated aluminium plant in India located?

The largest integrated aluminium plant in India is at Renukoot in Uttar Pradesh.

6. Name the ore of aluminium. Which state leads in the production of this
mineral?
Name two centres of production in the state named by you.
Bauxite is the ore of aluminium.
Odisha leads in the production.
Kalahandi and Sambalpur districts of Odisha.
MY REFERENCE:
a) Name one centre in each of the following states where iron is mined:
(i) Odisha
(ii) Jharkhand.
1. Name one area in Orissa and one area in Chhattisgarh where iron ore is
mined.
Name the leading producer of manganese in India. Name two important industrial
uses of manganese.
Name two leading states producing manganese.
(ii) Name one use of the mineral.
Name the mineral: the largest deposits of which are found in Balaghat in Madhya
Pradesh OR
i) A metallic mineral for which the Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh is famous.
Give reason:
Copper is used to make electric wires.
State the most important use of the following :
(i) Iron ore
Name the following:
Best variety of iron ore
1. State one industrial use of copper.
2. Name the mineral that toughens steel and makes it rust-proof. Manganese
Magnetite is so called. GR
Name an important iron ore producing centre / area of Maharashtra

SIDERITE
1. This ore is a carbonate of iron and is ash-grey in colour.
2. Iron content is low, 20-30%.
3. It occurs as iron stone with coal beds such as Raniganj coalfields in West Bengal.