DoE g) Aircraft Structures Questions ee aera Ee icity - Start Complete Exam Preparation ee RRR eat ibe. maa Cereus Exerirz? MCQ Question 1 View this Question Online > The efficiency of a jet engine as compared to propeller is higher at 1. low speeds 2. high speeds 3. lowaltitudes 4. high altitudes Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: high altitudes Aircraft Structures MCQ Question 1 Detailed Solution Concept: Jet engine: A Jet Engine is a reaction engine - that is, an engine which provides propulsion or thrust by expelling a reaction mass and works in accordance with Newton's third law of motion. At very high altitudes the air becomes too thin to burn, or after compression, too hot. This hot air is easily bum in combustion chamber and saving the fuel also Characteristics of Turbojet engine: + Low thrust at low forward speed + Small frontal area resulting in low drag and reduced ground clearance problem + Lightest specific weight+ Ability to take advantage of high ram pressure ratio This characteristics shows that the turbojet engine would be best for high altitude and long distance flights. Fuel : Compre- Combustior ie Jet exit | iDifuser “ssor_} chamber nozzle & ee eo eric Start Complete Exam Preparation Bean cance: cal Pras ed (==) agri Dee ier res oucus Download App MCQ Question 2 View this Question Online > Which one of the following device is needed for carburetor used in aircraft application? 1. Altitude mixture correction device 2. Automatic de-icing unit to avoid formation of ice in the choke tube 3. Both (1) and (2) 4. None of the above Answer (Detailed Solution Below) ce aa i Lc pea A a Aircraft Structures MCQ Question 2 Detailed Solution Explanation: Carburetor System + Itis classified as either float type or pressure type. * The float type of carburetor, completed with idling, accelerating, mixture control, idle cutoff, and power enrichment system is probably the most common of all carburetor types. + Pressure carburetors are usuelly not found on small aircraft. The basic difference between a float type and a pressure type carburetor is the delivery of fuel, Mixture control + Carburetors are normally calibrated at sea level pressure, where the correct fuel-to-air mixture ratio is established with the mixture control set in the FULL RICH position. + However, as altitude increases, the density of air entering the carburetor decreases, while the density of the fuel remains the same. + This creates a progressively richer mixture, which can result in engine roughness and an appreciable loss of power. Carburetor Icing + One of the main disadvantages of the float type carburetor is its icing tendency. + Carburetor ice occurs due to the effect of fuel vaporization and the decrease in air pressure in the venturi, which causes a sharp temperature drop in carburetor. + If water vapor in the air condenses when the carburetor temperature is at or below freezing, ice may form on the internal surfaces of the carburetor. Due to this, it reduces the power of the propeller. * Therefore, in aircraft carburetor, an Automatic de-icing unit and Altitude mixture correction device must be required. eRe are uun pee) Rear cea Start Complete Exam Preparation roe aed ea RCo (ores eae ri Exotie22 Download App MCQ Question 3: View this Question Online > The efficiency of ajet engine as compared to propeller is higher at 1. lowspeeds2. high speeds 3. lowaltitudes 4, high altitudes Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: high altitudes Aircraft Structures MCQ Question 3 Detailed Solution Concept: Jet engine: A Jet Engine is a reaction engine - that is, an engine which provides propulsion or thrust by expelling a reaction mass and works in accordance with Newton's third law of motion. Atvery high altitudes the air becomes too thin to burn, or after compression, too hot. This hot air is easily bum in combustion chamber and saving the fusl also. Characteristics of Turbojet engine: + Low thrust at low forward speed + Small frontal area resulting in low drag and reduced ground clearance problem + Lightest specific weight + Ability to take advantage of high ram pressure ratio This characteristics shows that the turbojet engine would be best for high altitude and long distance flights Fuel pereee area PSE la Orel lM ele Lola) Da ee PROT Paes easy aad roy Corre eu Exeria? MCQ Question 4: View this Question Online > Consider the plain strain field given by €xx = Ay” + x, éyy = Ax? + y, Yxy = Bxy + y. The relation betweeen A and Byneeded for this strain field to satisfy the compatibility equation is 1. B=A - Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: B= 4A Aircraft Structures MCQ Question 4 Detailed Solution Concept: Compatibility equation + Compatibility equations are constraints with which the small strains must comply in order for strains to be compatible with any differential field. + The compatibility equation contains the same information as the strain displacement equation, but they express the information entirely in terms of the strains. There are 6 equations Which are known as compatibility equations. Begs 4 Pty — Prey wage tect ~ erly Begg 4 Oey = Pp te | tr BrbzPrey 4 We, — Pre wee “oF ~ oye b (Ge + Bia — Mn) rise lar Tp or & (Ge — See + a) = ow Oy \ Or ~ y- ere 2 (—%e 4 Oe: 4 Oy) = % &(-9e4 95 + 92) = Be Calculation: ‘Given: eq = AY? +x ey =Aety Yay = Bry ty Now, Bee 9A My 9A Prey — =24 My = 24 9 = B As we know, Peng 4 Py — Oty nog om ~ Bet Putting the values we get 2A+2A=B 4A=B x SC TERE secur at Start Complete Exam Preparation Pea DONC Download App feud MCQ Question 5: View this Question Online > ore ena 3) easy exec To determine the toughness of material we use 3 CBee aR ee ot1. Hardness test 2. Charpy test 3. lzode test 4. Both 2and3 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Both 2 and’ Aircraft Structures MCQ Question 5 Detailed Solution Explanation: The properties of engineering materials are determined mainly by the mechanical testing of ‘specimens machined to prescribed sizes and shapes. The testing may be static or dynamic in nature depending on the particular property being investigated, Test [Description = It measures the ability of materials to withstand shock loads and provide an indication of their toughness. Impact + Two main tests are in use: > Izod Test > Charpy Test * Hardness is a surface property of a material. The resistance against the scratching or denting of material Hardness | + Two types of hardness test are in common use: = Indentation tests = Scratch and abrasion tests.2 © India’s #1 Learning Platform PSE la Orel lM ele Lola) ORR teste Me Corre eu Download App Exeria? cal Pau Pr) eS] eras) MCQ Question 6: View this Question Online > Which one of the following device is needed for carburetor used in aircraft application? 1, Altitude mixture correction device 2. Automatic de4cing unit to avoid formetion of ice in the choke tube 3. Both (1) and (2) 4. None of the above Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3 : Both (1) and (2) Aircraft Structures MCQ Question 6 Detailed Solution Explanation: Carburetor System + Itis classified as either float type or pressure type. * The float type of carburetor, completed with idling, accelerating, mixture control, idle cutoff, and power enrichment system is probably the most common of all carburetor types. * Pressure carburetors are usuelly not found on small aircraft. The basic difference between a float type and a pressure type carburetor is the delivery of fuel. Mixture control + Carburetors are normally calibrated at sea level pressure, where the correct fuel-to-air mixture ratio is established with the mixture control set in the FULL RICH position. + However, as altitude increases, the density of air entering the carburetor decreases, while the density of the fuel remains the same. + This creates a progressively richer mixture, which can result in engine roughness and an appreciable loss of power.Carburetor Icing + One of the main disadvantages of the float type carburetor is its icing tendency. + Carburetor ice occurs due to the effect of fuel vaporization and the decrease in air pressure in the venturi, which causes @ sharp temperature drop in carburetor. + If water vapor in the air condenses when the carburetor temperature is at or below freezing, ice may form on the internal surfaces of the carburetor. Due to this, it reduces the power of the propeller. + Therefore, in aircraft carburetor, an Automatic de-icing unit and Altitude mixture correction device must be required. India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Pm aecs maa Cree ett Lem} & oui: Corea era Download App MCQ Question 7: View this Question Online > Assuming that the aircraft is flying straight, the top spar cap/flange of a wing is most likely to fail in: Top spar cap/ flange 1. Yielding 2, Buckling 3. Crushing 4. Creep Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Buckling a Reiceieie Wainer acai RO ace a aExplanation: Providing lift is the main function of the wings of an aircraft. The wings consist of two essential parts. The intemal wing structure, consisting of spars, ribs, and stringers, and the extemal wing, which Is the skin. + The ribs also need to be supported, which is done by the spars. * These are simple beams that usually have a cross-section similar to an |-beam. + The spars are the most heavily loaded parts of an aircraft. + They carry much more force at its root than at the tip. Since wings will bend upwards, spars usually carry shear forces and bending moments. * Due to carrying the maximum load, the spar cap/flange of a wing is most likely to fail in Buckling. Dea i aC Ree ato Start Complete Exam Preparation 8) ee mae (=) jg DCS cier ec resins Download App MCQ Question 8: View this Question Online > Winglets are used on wings to minimize 1. skin friction drag) 2. profile drag 3. wave drag 4, induced drag ‘Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: induced drag Aircraft Structures MCQ Question 8 Detailed Solution Flow around a wing+ The flow around a wing is the extension in the third dimension of the flow about an airfoil. + The lift is created by the average pressure over the upper surface being less than the average pressure under.the lower surface. + However, the pressure on both the surfaces must be equal at the wingtips where they both meet, + This will introduee the pressure gradients along the wingspan on both surfaces. + There will be resulting flow of air from the middle of the wing towards the wing tips under the lower surface and one in the opposite direction over the upper surface. + A vortex sheet is thus formed behind the wing. * This vortex sheet will induce a velocity called downwash normal to the freestream velocity and directed towards the ground. + This downwash which varies along the span, modifies the local velocity Ve both in direction and magnitude for @ particular wing section. eel ee View = = — | Incoming airflow sm X XXXXXX XP Creation of a vortex sheet resulting from the differential pressure between the upper and lower surfaces Winglets + Because the vortices shed by the wing are strongest at the tips, the adcition of wingtip surface can reduce and diffuse the strength of these vortices, thus reducing the induced vortex drag of the aircraft. + Winglets are small, nearly vertical aerodynamic surfaces mounted at the wingtips. + They must be placed behind the region of lowest pressure of the wing to avoid the increased velocities over the inner surface of the winglets being superimposed to the high velocities over the forward region of the wing upper face. ee PT Reta) Start Complete Exam Preparation Re aR et oes Oh Download App MCQ Question 9: ‘Siiheien di Ohiaes i laseuaaaiions Cdilinen >.Find the approximate resultant spring constant. 5000 Nim: 7kN/im. . 12000 N/m 2. 2900 N/m 3. 7000 N/m 4. 2000 N/m Answer (Detailed Soltition Below) Option 7: 12000 N/m Aircraft Structures MCQ Question 9 Detailed Solution Concept: The arrangement of spring is in parallel combination. Therefore, for parallel combination we have, keg =k + ko Calculation: Given: ky = 5000 N/m, kp = 7 KN/m = 7000 N/m SO, Keg =ky + ko ke = 5000 + 7000 = 12000 N/m he, BL important Point For series combination, 1o14a ae teTeese perl Start Complete Exam Preparation mea acs Pyotr DB Download App MCQ Question 10: View this Question Oniline > Maximum Principle Stress Theory given by, 1. Guest end Tresca 2. Rankine 3. Von-Mises 4. St. Venant Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Rankine Aircraft Structures MCQ Question 10 Detailed Solution Explanation: The chart shows the different theories with their theorists. Theory ‘Theorists (Maximum Principle Stress Theory Rankine |Maximum Sheer Stress Theory |Guest and Tresca [Maximum Principle Strain Theory [St. Venant [Total Strain Energy Theory Haigh SR eet