Readings in Rizal’s Life and Works

Retulla, Dwight P.
BSIT AI 23

Propaganda Movement (1872 - 1892)

1872
 The Propaganda began when Father Mariano Gomez, Father Graciano Lopez Jaena
and father Jacinto Zamora, also known as GomBurZa, executed at the Luneta.
 The Filipino exiles and many patriotic students abroad met in Hong Kong, Singapore,
Madrid, Paris, London and other foreign cities.
 Aggressively but peacefully, by means of writing and speeches, they crusaded for
reforms to rectify the evils of the Spanish colonial system.

1888
 The Anti-Friar Manifesto happened on March 1, 1888
 The Anti-Friar Manifesto of hundred of Filipino led by Doroteo Cortes, patriotic
lawyer in Manila, assisted by M.H. del Pilar and Jose A. Ramos
 It requested the expulsion of the frias from the Philippines.

1889
 January 12, 1889- the Filipino propagandists and their Spanish friends organized
the Asociacion Hispano-Filipino in Madrid for the purpose of securing reforms for
the Philippines.
 President - Don Miguel Morayta
 Vice President - General Felipe de la Corte
 Secretary - Dominador Gomez
 Member - All Filipinos in Europe, prominent scholars and statesman of other
rationalities
 Founded the La Solidaridad by Graciano Lopez Jaena in Barcelona on February 15,
1889
 The newspaper was created due to the reality that mass media is important in
propagating the propaganda objectives.
 December 1889- M.H. del Pilar replaced Jaena as the editor of La Solidaridad
 Aims of La Solidaridad
1. To portray vividly the deplorable condition of the Philippines
2. To work peacefully for the political and social reforms
3. To combat the evil forces of medievalism and reaction
4. To advocate liberal ideas and progress
5. To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people for
democracy and happiness
 Contributors to La Solidaridad
 Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel)
 Dr. Jose Rizal (Laon Laan)

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  Mariano Ponce (Tigbalang)
 Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog)
 Jose Ma. Panganiban (Jomapa)
 Dr. Pedro Paterno
 Antonio Ma. Regidor
 Isabelo delos Reyes
 Eduardo de Lete
 Jose Alejandrino
 Professor Blumentritt
 Dr. Morayta

1892
 July 3, 1892- Dr. Jose Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina in a house at Ilaya St.
Tondo, Manila
 Aims of La Liga Filipina
1) union of the Archipelago
2) mutual protection in all cases of pressing necessity
3) defense against all violence and injustice
4) encouragement of all education, agriculture, and commerce
5) study and application of reforms
 July 6, 1892- Rizal was exiled to Dapitan- known to be the collapse of La Liga
Filipina
 July 7, 1892- Bonifacio founded the KKK (Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan) in a house of Deodato Arellano on Azcarraga
Street (now Claro M. Recto) in Tondo, Manila.
 Founding Members:
1. Andres Bonifacio
2. Teodoro Plata (brother –in-law of Bonifacio)
3. Ladislao Diwa
4. Valentin Diaz
5. Deodato Arellano
 Aims of Katipunan
1. To develop a strong alliance with each and every Katipunero
2. To unite Filipinos into one solid nation
3. To win Philippine independence by means of an armed conflict (or revolution)
4. To establish a republic after independence
 Deodado Arellano was the first president of the Katipunan

Assessment:
1. What was the propaganda Movement and what did it stand for?
Propaganda Movement, reform and national consciousness movement that arose
among young Filipino expatriates in the late 19th century. Although its adherents
expressed loyalty to the Spanish colonial government, Spanish authorities harshly
repressed the movement and executed its most prominent member, Jose Rizal.

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 2. What was Rizal’s involvement in it?
Rizal became a leader of the reformist movement called Propaganda, an
unwavering campaign for political and social freedoms, lobbying the peninsular
government, using their connections with the liberal Spanish politicians.

3. What was the context in which Rizal wrote Noli me tangere?

Rizal was studying for medicine. While in Germany, Rizal wrote the second half
of Noli me Tangere from time-to-time starting February 21, 1887. The story line goes
detailed with the society of the Philippines during Spanish colonial period and features
aristocracy behind poverty and abuse of colonialists.

4. What literary strategies did Rizal use in writing this novel?

Rizal drew his inspiration in writing Noli Me Tangere from a book entitled Uncle
Tom’s Cabin which was authored by Harriet Beacher Stowe. The novel’s style is still
astonishing, for it combines two radically distinct and at first glance uncombinable
genres.

5. What does this novel indicate about national consciousness?

The book itself is a fictional story, but it contains the hidden truth about the
corruption and abuse by the colonial government and the Catholic Church. In Rizal’s
book, he expressed the growing national consciousness of many Filipinos who opposed
Spanish colonial tyranny and aspired to attain democratic rights.

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