mm nyeay egy tne a Gauss-Elimination Method (Particular Case) have already discussed Gauss-climination method, in Aj We fon of aaystem of equations with nunkume ee It Att. Iueealat, « system of S-equations with inPepnt to understand the method, se we consider a system of 3-equations with 3. 7.2, for finding the u ns. In this article we shall consider, Sunknowns, which may be more helpful for unknowns as: (),. 1) afer + alan + alfa = (0 () after + arn + alny = 4) (725) a) v as) ay + aay + ala, where af2'(i,j = 1,2,3) and 0( (i = 1,2,3) are known constants, Let aff) 4 0. Multiplying the first equation of (7.2.5) successively by "Hh and si} and adding respectively with 2nd and 3rd equations we get, the system as: aay +aQar+aQry = of” wo {=a aa ay a) spay (op Sag) an (ogy el we a al) af) oO) ayy - ayy a) _ Gis “431 = by (os - att) r+ («2 ay" % 11 The above system can be written as pe = apart alan aig es = Oh > ia (7.2.6) aSpra+ ayy es = oS 2) (2) af) aa afsns = OY Where yo gi) by? - abt aw ais 3 §P = oft) - a m all) a (2) 2 gi) 91a San of) = of ay of) = af) Maan ay = aay — ay a a), 1 _ OD sah Do. gga agp — Shh, uP =) — “Loe yt Pa ai?) aLet af ¥ 0, Multiplying the second equation by —{th and adding wigs tes equation of the system (7.2.6) we Bet, r ala, + afdaat als es = a a a oft oft) ny = 1 — aoe, 22 (2) ay — @ ( a We rewrite the above system as: 1 1) afar + afpaat alps =O} (a) as at aba ty = Oy ‘ 9 afzs = 6) (2.2, where a{$) = af? — stati, on The non-zero constants (by assumption) a), a2 and a{2) are called Pivot ng the corresponding equations are called the pivotal equations. Now the value oj at unknown 3 can be obtain easily from the third equation arid substituting z, at equation one can get 2, and finally substituting 23,2 in the first equation 2, ast determined. Thus, all the unknowns are completely known. 7.3 Solved Problems “PROBLEM 7.3.1 Solve the system of equations, by Gauss-elimination method, 221+ 3a7+a3 = 9 21 + 2x2 + 3x3 6 . 3x1 +22 +203 correct up to 3-significant figures, SoLution: Procedure I: In the first step, to eliminate x; from 2nd i i i Pi tons ae 1 nd and 3rd equations, multiply, the ~2 (- on a 3 aie = an -= “31 2 at) a1 3 av = ma) and add respectively to the second and third equations. Then we get, 0.6294 2.525 = 1.5 (73) ~ 3522+ 0.523 = —5.5 Qwit 3+ ayeg |cuavren 1 ee ecm eee TER 7: SYSTEM OF LincaR A, LGEBRAIC Equations Now, in the second step, to eliminat, ™ ow late x from 3rd Ls equation, multiply the 2nd- 7(_ th = man and add to the Brd-equation ” ‘Then we get, 2+ 3m+ a, 0529+ 2.62 tease (7.3.2) ‘The equations (7.3.2) are equivalent it te equations. Thus 'o the given system and are called pivotal 5 oa) tas 8, 15-25 * 1g ~ 02778, y= OD = 25K O2TE gy, ey = 2e027~3x16n TT = 1.945, Hence, the solution up to three significant figures is: @, = 1.94, 22 =1.61, 23 = 0.278. Procedure II; (Compact Computation Table) The above computation may also be done in a compact form as follows: Ses. 2 b [e= Biya bli =i29| 3 9 +34149) 1) ma = 2 6 +24+3+6) 1 8 +14+24+8) 5 15 -0.5 x 15412 = 05425415) | ms = -=3$ 3.5 0.5 -15x15+14 -35 +0.5-5.5) Ml B | 28(=7 x45 —8.5 = 18+5) Thus, the pivotal equations are: 1823 =5 0.5a2+ 2.523 = 1.5 Qr;+ Stat ts 8 ay = yg 702718 1,5 - 2.5 x 0.2778 _ 1 611 m2 = 0.5 9-3 x 1.611 - 0.2778 _ ) 945, m=. 2 wy = 1.04, 09 = 1.61, £3 = 0.278. Thus the solution up to 3-significant figures is:u Explanation of Procedure ; jon in a compect form shown We fret rewrite the system of canton the Agures of column ¢ wil ~ with an additional column of ¢ an row. We first multiply the Ty adding all the figures te na ey ned then We acided respectively tg ist ovr nccessively by —0.5 and —1 a qe of map 1 and are written = ene eile one en. Tuthe “s . . ultiply. P spi mn ea yee oo nt go im The figures of column ¢ so obtain, on and from ep I, the operat for columns x, and b, must be same, if the figures in each correspond; ing row be thy 5 . Otherwise, the numerical calculation 's noe ee 7 and varification of column ¢ are shown clearly roced: 7 the procedure, it is clear that the CO REMARK 7.3.1 Comparing both rn ; compact end wncfil for numerical calculation. This procatere =, bce much h the number of equations and unknowns n > 3. So, we tse the pth (compact tabular form) to solve more problems. @ PROBLEM 7.3.2 Solve the system of equations, by Gauss-elimination 4x)+ 2r2+ 13r3 4x,—2r2+ 23 correct up to two decimal places. [To have a clear idea about both the procedures, we shall solve the above pros in both procedures] SoLvTION: Procedure I: Step I: To eliminate 2; from 2nd and 3rd-equations, we multiply successively first equation by 4 (_ ost 3° a? and then be added to second and third equations of the system. Then we ge system as: 3e.+ 9x2— — 9.999722+ 15.666623 = 9. as = 13.9997r2+ 3.666673 = —22.6663 Step If: To eliminate a2 from the third equation of system, we multiply equation of system (7.3.3) by =e aQ and then be added to the third equation. We get the system of equations # Sl" Ban 9a2— 2Qe3=11 rs! 7 —9.9997 22+ 15.6666z: 9.3337 . — 18.2666z: —35.7335ry CHAPTER 7: SYSTEM OF LINEAR ALoEnn LGEBRAIC Equ |ATIONS: 275 rm = a = ig 2.431 1 = = 9% 2.131 3 = 1.422, ‘Thus, the solution of system correct up to Idec ‘imal pli | al places is | @ = 1.42, mq = 2,13, 2s = 1.96, procedure Hs (Compact Computation Table) Sen my tte =: 5 z ‘ ‘3 b ejaitiy + b,(i = 1,2,3) 2 i i 2 _—_ 42 13} ot 43 mst =e 7 i -8 5 [=9.9997] 15.6666 9.3337 15.0007 i —13.9997 3.6666 | ~22.6663 -32.9993 fi (—18°2666) : —35.7335 —54.0002 The pivotal equations are 3x1+ 9x? — 2r3= 11 — 9.9997 22+ 15.666623 = 9.3337 — 18.266623 = —35.7335 _ xg = 1.9562, v2 = 2.1314, 21 = —1.4234. Thus, the solution of the system up to two decimal places is: gy = 142, 22 = 2.13, a3 = 1.96. 4 PRoBLEM 7.3.3 Solve, by Gauss-elimination method, the system. rt3y+22 = 5 Qe-y+s = a8 cy erh. p+dyt32 = 2 & SoLution: Computation Table. a z b cana HG = 129) 3 2 5 T= 1434245) | W=a-1+t-0 | g(=1+24+3+2) =2x 1+! \ -7-3-1) -3(= -1 x 48 3) Oe} x2 -3 = 1.4286 - 1.4286)NuMERICAL ANATYS!P 276 The pivotal equations are 1.42862 = —1-4286 -Ty - 32 = -11 a+ By +22 = 5 5-3.2+21= 1. -1. 7 iss w= 1, y= 2s ‘Thus, the solution of the system is: @ y 4 PROBLEM 7.3.4 Solve the following system by Gauss-elimination methoy xt 2agt 73 =0 2x, + 2xat 3x3 —x— 3a2 = SoLUTION: Computation Table. Step my ma #3 Bay t= Lay a 4(=1+2+1+0) I 2 2424343) —2(= -1-3+0+2) 2(= -2x 44+10=-24143) 2(=1x 4—-2=-14142) 1(=-3 x3+2=34)) I IIL iH a+ 2not Ty 3 = 1,22 = —1, a1 = 1. Thus, the solution is: x1 = 1,@2 = —1,23=1. 4 PROBLEM 7.3.5 Solve by Gauss-elimination method, the system a+ 2y+ 3z= 10 r+ 3y—2z2=7 Qr- yt z=5 yes SOLUTION: Computation Table. Step) b Je= Bh yas, + ili= 1,2,3) 10 16 : 9 5 a TI =F 0 ae a TIT = i _dHAPTER 7: SYSTEM OF Line, a M OF LINEAR ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS a7T equations are: pivotal pelys3+51 =22=10-3-4=3, ‘nus, the solution is: @ = Sy = tend, opieMt 7.3.6 Solve by Gauss-elimination method a PR 821+ 2ag~ 203 = 8 baa 8r2+ 3x3 = -4 ay y+ Org = 1b tat Org = 12. [ow '80} Give answer correct up to two significant figures. goiv TION: Computation Table Sep mij = Ey ©3 b Douay + bili = 1 @ 2 -2 8 16 na 012 |1 -8 3 3 -4 -8 —0.25 2:1 9 : 12 24 =B.25) 3.25 : —5 —10 = 0.0606 0.50 9.50 : 10 20 + 9.697 19.394 The pivotal equations are: 9.69725 = 9.697 -5 —8.25a2+ 3.25r3 8xj+ 2m.- —-2aa=8 api yg = SRB = 1. re ae » to two significant figures is: 2 xy = 1.0. _ gg=l,t2= Thus, the solution correct up =t2= = adhe =