ch a Module 8M8-01 Wiring and Schematic Dingram Symbols 7. INTRODUCTION Awiring dia ra diagrarss Woe, ey Schemati diagram is a “picture” of a circuit, However, very electrical part in a circuit can become complex. When circuits j involv realistically is inpousie, components, showing each device clearly and For this reas on, mai i and abbieiareeaintenance technicians have developed a set of symbols fat represent components in electrical diagrams. Al- though these s} symbols ar throughout indeewy are not universal, they are accepted as the standard Symbol it i eee pee iB schematic diagrams and wiring diagrams show where eee is are located in a circuit and how they are related. As a hyaimtenance Technician, youneed tounderstand the symbols usedin these install, troubleshoot, and repair circuits and machinery. In this module, you will becor liar wit a me familiar with common symbols and different types LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: Q define schematic diagram Q define wiring diagram Q identify JIC motor control schematic symbols and contact conditions Q. identify JIC motor control symbol abbreviations HOW YOU WILL BE EVALUATED youto complete a written Learning Evaluation, Your Course Manager will ask t to demonstrate mastery of the Learning You must score 100 percen Objectives. Vl 1092 Technical Resource GroupAND SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM SYMBOLS WIRING ————— iC SYMBOLS Electrical symbols are a type of electrical shorthand. Each symbol r sents a single part of an electrical circuit, such as a limit suite Since many motor control circuits are complex, symbols provide a con, ient way to show many electrical devices in a small amount of space. A universal set of symbols does not exist, but the Joint Industrial Cour (JIC) symbols in this module are a standard throughout industry. 4 Types of Devices and Their Symbols You need to leam how to recognize symbols in an electrical diagram before you can understand how a control circuit operates. To di is ferstan : lo this, yo become familiar with the electrical symbols in Figure 1. aWiring and Schematic Diagram Symbol pwc oo ais IC ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS SONNET TGincurr SWITCHES | BREAKER |-——_ uM Nonuauty | Nonmaty [NEUTRAL | FLOAT | PRESSURE PROMI %) 9) 9. OPEN SLOSED CIRC 3) INORWALLY) NORMALLY NORMALLY [NORMAL ener ~e obe Sse _|"etetea’ [ore INTERRUPTER| ne ond ° ° 1 Pe we |e tacuaee | S| Oe 2.8) cibseo | ORR ORALLY] — NORA 5 ‘cisseo | "Gases ow | os ose ors FLOW (AIR, WATER, ETC) Foor = a = NORMALLY | NORMAL GLE PLUGGING: NON-PLUGG! oferareo ‘OPEN ‘CLOSED, NOSMALLY [NORMALLY Eun £ “me tv v we [oe fos | og ah TA ROTARY SELECTOR PESUTORE | sposmon “[Nowsrinane | snooma | nate |_oouste cco | MANTARED 1 a T 23 CONTACTS: CONTACTS: CIRCUIT ‘MUSHROOM SoNAST tefot | toto} ° 5 NORMAL | se | yetee fee | ot [MOM] sh ojo | Feist ceo 0 | eo 0 ois f a ete Seter | taper OR oR 3. i as ™ I we fet gee oo | Necedea ale ster | ot ei} ‘CONNECTIONS, ETc. Tomes [ookSlren | SOMESTED | GROUND T SaRSE OR] ERR AN TIME OELAY AFTER COWL cones: CReceesenly” | ESE | eenaizen DE-ENERGIZED 1 ‘anounozo | TOR Y PeGpen | ecbee ose CoS CONTAGTS: SOLENODS_ BIAS. ETS. — RELAY, ETC. THERMAL) BES ero: THON | EROSION | ZPOSTION | OvennoAd| SORA | Norma | O85 [| TES SO) | ceneras|ffsaatoe | Preuuane |ibsncanion | CLEMENT e OPEN tos 5 a 8 ae | He [44 -O- FESSTONS, CAPACTORS, ETC. HORN] BUZZER CONS PoTenOweTeR [FUSES PLOT UGHTS | einen EC. ONTROL GRCUT SET [| SRaNBroAMER _| | So? one aa vv | o XS Or - sel Need = ToToRS i SELESTAC | aewase store, Tegra | MO Suree iter oe casey onan [aoseD | ABT Sood S Figure 1 i jectrical Symbols try Council (JIC) El Joint IndustA r 4 oeLes ent ansem ¢ Motor Starter Wiring and Schemats y= ———— =oentc Motor Starter sible, i sely as possible, al device as clos el rl symbol. In studying each symbol, vee. This approach will make The symbol for each part resembles but you may need to memorize some S| you might find it helpful to view the devi symbol easier to remember. " position. Later in Figure 1 does not he basic symbols “closed,” or “neutral jon means: ill find all of t! Each symbol is shown in an “open,” C, this module, you will learn what each positi show all of the JIC symbols. However, you W! one you need for reading simple line and wiring diagrams. i ber of Besides identifying devices, symbols give information about oe ee terminals on the devices. Symbols also tell you how many Serer exist in a circuit, For instance, an engineer designing a control a ae tank system might use three float switches (FS) and two timers mA Ea identify each component, the engineer would label the float switches , FS2, and FS3 and the timers TR1 and TR2. If each timer has eight pins, or terminal spots, the engineer would likewise number each terminal T1, T2.. T8. Contact Conditions As you may have noticed earlier, some JIC symbols appear in two or more positions. These positions tell you the contact condition of a device, or the Position of the part that “connects” the circuit. When the device's contacts touch (contact) each other, current flows through the device and energizes the circuit. When the contacts do nottouch, current cannot pass through the device and the circuit is de-energized. Six contact conditions exist for the JIC symbols used in this module: Q Normally Open (NO). Normally open contact: y is do any physical contact until the device is actuated. In Mewes relay R14 is normally open. Without an electrical “brid e" between Points A and B, current cannot flow throu: 3 Devices that rely on current flowing through these not operate until the contacts close, Contacts willvooMast, ——__ = — Ri R2 Figure 2 Normally Open and Normally Closed Relays i Q Held Open (HO). Held open contacts are normally closed | contacts that are mechanically forced to open. A normally | closed float switch, for example, might activate a motor pump- ing liquid into a tank. In Figure 3, if the liquid rises above a certain level (A), it will hold open the contacts on the float switch and stop the motor. When the fluid level drops, the motor will tum on. =C cD Pump Motor| Figure 3 A float switch is held open by a rising liquid level. Held closed contacts are normally open chanically forced to close. In Figure 4, for along the conveyor belt and triggers the "acts are held closed until the box moves Held Closed (HC). contacts that are me instance, abox ee limit switch. The con past the switch. 1sJobMaster Sotta.si inte ting Series Module SMS-01 ‘ate Motor Starter —i_____Wiring and Schematic Diagram Symbols oo Figure 4 A limit switch is held closed by a box on a conveyor. a Neutral. Neutral contacts have two sets of contact points that are normally open, Mechanical action is needed to close one Set Of contacts. Consider the turn signal in your automobile. When you are driving straight ahead, your tum signals are off, in the “neutral” position. When you activate the right-hand or left-hand signal, one set of ights flashes, When you complete your turn, the signals retum to the neutral position, Q Actuated. Actuated contacts have one set of normally closed contacts and one set of normally open contacts. Mechanical action must take place to open one set of contacts and close the other set. & Abbreviations Although most devices have their own symbols, some use symbols that are identical or similar, Therefore, abbreviations accompany symbols on an electrical diagram. Abbreviations tell you exactly what the device is and how many similar devices exist in the circult. Figure 6 lists common JIC abbre~ viations for various electrical symbols. io 2 2 = = = 2 2 2 2 |JobMaster Training Series Solid-State Motor Starter Module SMS-01 Wiring and Schematic Diagram Symbols AM Ammeter MB Magnetic Brake cB Circuit Breaker Mcs Motor Circuit Switch cl Circuit Interrupter MF Motor Starter - Forward CON Contactor MR Motor Starter - Reverse cR Control Relay MTR Motor CRA Control Relay, Automatic OL Overload Relay CRE Control Relay, Electronically Energized PB Pushbutton CRH Control Relay, Manual POT Potentiometer RL Control Relay, Latch PRS Proximity Switch cRM Control Relay, Master PS Pressure Switch CRU Control Relay, Uniatch Psc Photosensitive Cell cs ‘Cam Switch R Reverse cT Current Transformer s Switch ciR Counter SOL Solenoid DISC —_ Disconnect Switch ss Selector Switch F Forward T Transformer FLS Flow Switch TACH Tachometer Generator Fs Float Switch TAS Temperature-Actuated Switch FTS Foot Switch 1B Terminal Block FU Fuse Tas Toggle Switch HTR Heating Element TR Time Delay Relay Ls Limit Switch vM Voltmeter ut Pilot Light vs Vacuum Switch M Motor Starter Figure 5 In the thermal con diagram, you c Part b eliminate the one relay appear JIC Abbreviations for Electrical Symbols Figure 6, the symbol for a normally closed relay contact looks identical to to the abbreviation, itact overload symbol. If you had to identify either one ona ‘ould easily confuse the two. However, the abbreviations in Possibility of mixing up the two devices. If more than red in the diagram, each relay would have a number addedJobMastey Master Training Series Biodule SME-0L State Motor Starter __ Wiring and Schematic Diagram Symbols H —-— OL Ah A} Ai a b. Figure 6 Symbols for relays and thermal overload look similar in appearance. ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS Now that you understand electrical symbols, you are ready to apply them to an electrical diagram. An electrical diagram is simply a “picture” of how devices are arranged in a control circuit. A position of a symbol in an electrical diagram shows how the corresponding device works in a control circuit, Two major types of electrical diagrams exist, each with a specific application: Q Wiring Diagram. A wiring diagram shows the physical rela- tionship between electrical devices in a circuit. This type of diagram provides all the information needed to make wire connections and trace a circuit. A Maintenance Technician would find this type of diagram useful when searching for specific wires in a circuit. A wiring diagram shows the exact size, type, and location of circuit components, a Schematic Diagram. A schematic diagram shows the se- quence of operations in acircutt, Itis also called an elementary Gr ladder diagram. A schematic diagram shows what must Socur in the circuit before a specific action can take place, Instead of showing the exact location of a component, a schematic shows the logical path of current flow through the circuit, This type of diagram is easy to follow, but it does not Show as much detail as the wiring diagram, t c [ [ [ I I [Module SMS-O1 clu Suse Mower Sane -hematic Diagram symbols Solid-State Motor Starter Wiring and Se! netic starter. Figure 7b snows ams care- ts on the ting the Figure 7a shows the wiring diagram for amag gure f@ schematic diagram for the same circuit. Study the two diagr fully. Note that is easier itis to follow the logical sequence of event schematic diagram. However, a maintenance technician instal Starter would find the wiring diagram more helpful. WIRING DIAGRAM ELEMENTARY DIAGRAM aS mite Ps 5 a | = ral F a 3 | Figure 7 2 This wiring diagram (a) and schematic diagram (b) : I ‘show a magnetic starter. 2 I NEXT STEP 1 : l Check your understanding of the information presented in this module, Go to the Concept Check on the next page. After you complete the Concept : Check, compare your answers with those provided in the Answers to Concept Check section. | ' J 1902 Technical Resource Group io) ———