Sri Lanka: Introduction

Sri Lanka is an island country located off the southern coast of India. Sri
Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait,
and lies in the vicinity of India and the Maldives. The geography of Sri
Lanka includes coastal plains in the north and hills and mountains in the
interior. The government system is a republic; the chief of state and head of
government is the president. Sri Lanka has transitioned to a market-
orientated economy, but the central government is still involved in
economic planning. Sri Lanka is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade
Agreement (APTA) and the South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation (SAARC).
Geography
Shaped like a teardrop, the island of Sri Lanka measures about 255 miles
(415 km.) from north to south, and about 135 miles (220 km.) from east to
west, with a total land area of about 25,300 square miles (65,600 square
km.). It has more than 830 miles (1340 km.) of coastline. The island is
ringed by a broad coastal plain, rising to an inland terrain of gently rolling
hills. A range of mountains dominates the south-central interior, with the
highest peak, Mt. Piduruthalagala, reaching more than 8200 feet (2524
meters) in height.
History
The Ancient Period About 2600 years ago, migrants from northern India,
the ancestors of today’s Sinhalese people, arrived in Sri Lanka. The
Sinhalese were among the earliest people outside northern India to adopt
the Buddhist religion, which they did around 300 B.C.E. The Buddhist
kingdoms of Sri Lanka were related by language and culture to the classic
states of northern India, such as the Maurya (324-187 B.C.E.) and Gupta
(c. 320-c.550 C.E.) empires, and were in contact with them through
diplomacy and trade.