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Đề in 3 Phức Chất-các Trang Đã Xóa
Đề in 3 Phức Chất-các Trang Đã Xóa
HO TV(NH3),]** hap thu ‘anh sang thdy duoc 6 mite nang lugng cao hon. 2. Kim loai thuéc phan nhom chinh khéng ase d dang dién electron. Chi 6 lp d trong hoac d da lap day. NLO! eS 3. Chi c6 d'° (NLODTIT=0, cod vad") 4. Fe” c6 cdu hinh e: [Ar] O Phéi tir H2O téchikéth hon CN’, Do dé [Fe(H20)]"* 06 4 e dée than (spin cao) va [Fe( khéng cé e déc than (spin thap). ng phu thude vao A) (néu A
lectron déc than, con phite [Cr(H,O),]"* c6 4 electron déc than. Pinks ign két hoa tri dé giai thich su hinh thanh 2 phite trén, Tinh moment tr cia ching? Phie no bén hon tai sao? (Cho biét bac sé nguyén tur Z ctia Cr 1a 24). ie din Theo thuyét lign két hoa tri dé hinh thanh phic bat dién, ion kim loai trung tam sir dung 1 orbital s, 3 orbital p va 2 orbital d tréng lai hoa véi nhau tao thanh 6 orbital lai hod sp'd” husng ra 6 dinh cua hinh bat dién. 36Lién két ciia ion trung tam vai 6 phéi tir duoc thuc hién béi lién két cho nhan gidta cap electron chua chia cua phoi tir va orbital trong cia ion trung tam. Tuy theo loai phéi tir ma ion trung tim cé thé sir dung orbital 4d, Itc nay ta cé phite “ lai hoa ngoai” hay sir dung orbital 3d, ta c6 phite “ lai hoa trong”. ~ V6i phite [Cr(CN)g]; c6 2 electron déc than: & Cr: 3° 45! aa ia xO © SEE (CNT CN™ CN” CNT CN7™ Ta cé phite lai hod trong - = n(n +2) = V2 ve UB - Voi phite cate co 4el than: Cr: 30 Ser 4d alan Ne’ HO H,0H,0 4,0 1,0 H,0 Ta c6 phite ngodi OO = iD = VG = Va en phir trén thi phue Lai hoa trong ben hon vi re lai hoa ngoai str dung orbital 4d cé nang Iuong cao hon do do Ru hon Phite lai hoa ngoai con 1 orbital trong phia trong nén cae phéi tir dé x tao lién két trong cae phan img thay thé. Cau 26 Khi bj kich thich electron duge chuyén tir muc nang Ivong thdp lén mite cao hon xay ra su hap thy anh sang img voi bude song 2.. Hay tinh bude 37song nay (theo A), biét ring nang Iuong tach mite cia phire [Co(CN).]* la 99,528 keal.mol“!. Cho h = 6,62.10-**J.s vac = 3.108 ms! Hwéng din Khi electron bi kich thich sé chuyén tir E, lén E, va xay ra su hap thu nh sang: o Ss Ag = 99,528kcal/mol S XN Theo thuyét Iugng tir lia Planck ta c6 & se =a =v =be A AQ a 528kcal/mol apes = 416,027kj/mol. 27 do Déi véi | nguyén tr: A - 7 =6,91.10 kj/nguyén tir 2.874.107 m = 2874.10 hay Cau 27, ees ' KO Nang luong tach Ag + (ki/mol) ae phue bat dién 156 chat thudn tir wv [Co(NH3).]** phite bat dién 265 chat nghich tir Hay xét cu tric va tinh chat ctia 2 phite trén theo phuong phap VB va phuong phap trudng tinh the. Biet Zc = 27, nang lugng ghép doi electron P = 210kj/mol. 38Huwéng din Theo thuyét VB, cau hinh electron cia Co™*: [Ar] 3d°. ~ Voi phite chat [CoF.]* thudn tir. Do tuong tac gitta Co™ va F yéu nén cau hinh cua Co™ van gidt nguyén nhu ci 3d ds 4p 4d a“ o* [ATT ) SET-CLTTT a ae we Lai hoa ngoai sp'd” ~ Véi phite chat [Co(NH;)]°* nghich tit. Do tur gitta Co” va NH; manh nén cdu hinh electron ciia Co™ bi dén ne 3d ds 4 dd e* [Teel TL, t Lai hos y x Theo thuyét trudng tinh ~ V6i phire chat Con} > Ao nén cau hinh electron cia phite tye'e,”, phite spin cao va thudrlib* - Véi phite 3)6I°' do P < Ao cae electron duge chuyén ve mirc nang Luong we cau hinh electron ts, . Dé la phite spin thap va nghich tir. Cau 28 1D Qr co so thuyét VB, hay giai thich sw hinh thanh lién két trong phic: I va [Fe(CN) 61” ua vao thuyét truong tinh thé, vé so dé su sap xép cdc electron d cia ion wv Fe* trong cdc phite bat dién déu trén, So sinh dé bén ctia cdc phite bang cach tinh nang lugng én dinh boi trudng tinh thé 3. Tinh momen tir téng hop va cho biét tir tinh cia cac phute trén. Cho biét : F 1a phdi tir truong yéu, CN” 1a phdi tir truong manh, Z;.= 26 39Huwéng din 1. a6Fe: [Ar] 4s? 3d° Fe™*: [Ar] 3d° 4s” Xét phite [FeF,]* - Phdi tir F thudc trudng yéu, khéng dii nang lugng dé day cae electron dc than cia ion Fe” ghép ddi. Do vay, ion Fe’ ding (AO4s + 3(A va 2(AO)4d tham gia lai héa tao 6(AO)sp'd° va tham gia lién két voi 01 wr. Xét phite [Fe(CN),]* ss (HM) Go GET Jos rd I ry mn CN'CN CN’ CN ~ Phoi tir CN’ thude truéng manh, co ig luong de day cac electron déc than ctia ion Fe™ ghép dé 2(AO)3d trong, Sau khi cae electron dde thin ghép déi, cdc 2(AO)3d + 1(AO)4s va 3(Al am gia lai hoa tao 6(AO)d’sp> hung vé 6 dinh cia hinh bat dién déu(xent phii voi 6 phdi tir CN 2. Tacé Fe”: [Ar] 3d™Ms™* ng lai héa tao 6AO tuong img: - [FeFs]° Fes) 161 tir trong yéu nén khéng c6 su dén electron or o & by Cau hinh electron: t2,) e,? 40‘Nang luong 6n dinh truong tinh thé =A/5 ( 3.2-2.3)=0 - [Fe(CN)<]° : CN’ la phéi tir trung manh nén cé su dén electron vao mite nang lung thap nhat. Cu hinh electron: t2¢° Nang lugng 6n dinh trudng tinh the =Ao/5 ( 5.2 -0.3)=2A, Vi vay, phite [Fe(CN),]* bén hon Cau 29 Xae dinh be oxi hoa ciia cobalt va gia tri cita x, y trong [Co(NH,),JCl, va [Co(NH).]Cl, (x khae y) biet ring chat da un tir, con chat thir hai la nghich tir. Biét Ze, =27. Oo Huwéng din - Trong phite voi NHs, Co thuong thé hién sé oxi Ye va +2 Co (Z = 27) : [Ar] 4s°3d” = Co® [Ar] 3d° & sau = Co? : [Ar] a\S Qua cau hinh trén ta thay tron; bat dién Co™ cé thé thuan tir hay nghich tir con Co™ Juén ludn 1a tir, Vi chat thir hai [Co(NHs).]Cly la chat nghich tirnén né pha pie eta Co”, suy ray =3 Vix khae y phire [Co(NHs).JCl. ¢6 x = 2 cau30 NO) Phé u electron clia dung dich TiCl3 va CrCl, cho dudi day: * 20300 13100 5000 T0000 20000 30000" v (cm) 3000 10000 20000-30000 v(m") 1. Hay néu nguyén nhan sinh ra cde van hap thu trén cde pho 46 412. Dung dich TiC; va dung dich CrCl, c6é mau gi? Tai sao? Hwéng din 1. Taco TiCl + Ti* + 3.Cr T+ 610 > [Ti(H0)}* - Ion Ti* cé cdu hinh electron la 3d! va electron duoc xép mite tg! (mite thdp), ion Cr** e6 cdu hinh 3d‘ c6 su chuyén dai electron tir Vor luong thap dén mirc nang luong cao. - Khi chiéu anh sang nhin thay vao dung dich TiCl, ngfifa\la chiéu vao dung dich chita cae ion phic [Ti(H;0),]* electron nadie ning Luong kich thich cla tia sang c6 electron photon cla ae ang Ag, né chuyén tir mtre nang luong ty, lén e,. Do dé sinh ra cdc en trén cdc phé do. 2. Quan sat hinh vé ta thay, dai hap thu ead\phife [Ti(H,0),]** ¢6 cue dai & tan s6 20300em'|( 2. = 1/ 20300 = 20 ja*bude song cia tia luc xanh vi vay dung dich phite [Ti(H,0).]* cota Tuong tu, dai hap thu cj om! (k= 1/13100= 760 n Cau 31 Ne’ Két qua phan ticl shire chat cita platin (II) cho biét cd 65% khdi luong Pt, 24% Cl, 620NBG va 6% HO. a. Tim c61 ic phan tir cla phitc, biét ring day la phire mot nhan va Pt (II) co stile 1a 4. Viét cng thie cau tao clia 2 déng phan cis va trans cla nd. xe da cam Li mau phy ciza mau lye rc [Cr(H;O)g}* c6 cure dai & tan s6 13100 ip thu anh sang ving dé nén co mau luc. 8 Iuong tu do chuan tao thanh 6 25°C cia cde déng phan cis va trans luot la -396 va -402 kJ.mol"! Tinh hang sé cn bang ciia phan img: cis > trans. ¢. Tinh néng d6 mol.lit cia mdi déng phan trong dung dich, biét rang Ie ddu chi co déng phan cis véi néng 46 10°"M. Biét Pt = 195; Cl = 35,5; N= 14; H=1,0=16 2Hwéng din a. Vi la phtte chat mét nhan nén phan tir kh6i ca phire chat 1a: 195x100 =300 65 ibs 94 300 x60 Trong dé c6: a “= nguyén tit Cl; “ “=| phan tit NH; ae phan tir H,0. & Cong thite phan tir 1a [PtCl,(NH3)(H,0)] S OX H3N cl WGN \/ op” Nea ‘ OH) O trans cis oS a Trans b. iC 10° : ae 107-x x AGiog = 402 + 396 = -6Kj & O RY © K=1,27=—S— > x=[mans]=9,2«10°M RY 10° -x \ va [cis] ¥ 8x10"'M. Cau 32 Khi két tia nhanh CI’ tir dung dich trong dé hoa tan 20 gam hexahidrat crom (III) clorua (CrCl;.6H20) can 75ml dung dich 2N nitrat bac. Trén co sé do hay viet céng thu phan tir euia phite chat trén, 43x Biet Cl = 35,5; O = 16, H= 1; Cr=52. Hwéng din - $6 mol AgNO; da ding: Tag Ta co phan ung: OS Ag’ + cr = AgClv x 0.15 0.15 (mol) oO Do vay lugng ion Clty do la S nCl = nAg* = 0,15mol oO Mecyeno = 266.5 & + 86 mol CF trong 202 crc, 64,0; 22%3 = 255ml Ty 1é s6 mol CI tudo trong tong sé mol ng phite: — 3 Vay ctf trong 3 ion gam CI trong a ion gam Cl tr do con | ion gam CI 6 mat trong edu ndi. — Céng thie citahidrat a: cfeLD),CICI,H.O Céu 33 SC Cae phite sel", [Cu(en);?* c6 s6 song cita vach hap thy lan lot Ia 150004 SO lone we bude song cua séng hép thy va so sinh ning lugng tach cia cae, 1. Cho nhan xét vé cae phéi tir * i din Phire [Cu(NH;),}" So s6ng (86 bude séng trong | don vi dé dai): 4415000cm™ > A = 666x107 em = 666m Di véi | phan tit AE=Iv = = heF = 6,62x10™ erg.sx3x10 em /sx15000em™ =2,9796x10™ erg Déi véi | mol: Nx AE =6,02x10" x2,9796 x10 rani age? =17,94x10'J /mol = 42, Tkeal / mol oe + Phtic [Cu(en),]*: Ss Sé séng (sé bude séng trong mét don vi d6 dai): =16400em™ > 4 = 610x107 Onm D6i véi | phan tir: AE =hv= Z =hev = eer 3x10" cm / sx 164000m™ -sasrao%ng\ D6i voi | mol: A, = NxAE= Ore x3,257x10 =19,607x10"erg/mol = 45,6) mmol Ta thy: Ay > A; ig phdi tir gay ra boi cde phéi tir en > NH. cauzt = SO Dect reo sé cila thuyét VB Ap dung cho phitc chat hay giai thich su inh aien két trong cae phite chat [Ni(CN),]*" va [NiCl,]*" va cho biét tir uaa ching, Biét ring tuong tac gitta Ni?” va CN" manh hon giita Ni°* va 1”. Biét Zx = 28. Hwéng din Cac phite [Ni(CN),J* va [NiCl]” déu 6 ion tao phire la Ni" Ni? 1s°2s"2p°3s"3p°3d° 45- Khi tao phite voi CN’ thi gitta Ni?” va phdi tir CN’ co tuong tae kha manh nén trong truong hgp nay hai electron d6c than 6 AO 3d duge ghép doi, nghia la xudt hién mot 6 tréng 6 3d. Cac 6 tréng nay sé nhan cdp electron tyr do cia phdi tir CN’ dé tao thanh phire [Ni(CN),]". Cac orbital trong trong hop nay lai hod dang dsp” vudng phan; \gp nay ig dsp " g phing 1 oS Tae mG o & NT CN CNT ~~ vung phing a= {ive = Phite [Ni(CN),J° nghich tir, spin thap. - Khi wo phe vor Of doton ow ita lon; ony ae vor ion trung tim yéu nén hai electron dc Wor 3d vin git nguyén, Cac ion Cl sé chiém cac orbital trong & 4s va 4 20 4s 4p WO Lt, A A O pots Sou oc rao ti dién oe hop nay ta cé lai hoa sp*. m= find) = 04 = 48 = 2,83 0B ae Do p# 0 nén phic [NiCLJ Ia thudn tir, spin cao. au 35 Xs 1. Momen tir va mau sic cla mét s6 phure chat coban due cho dudi day: a. Hay vé gidn dé tach mire nang Iuong cho mdi phite chat. b. Tinh nang lugng 6n dinh truong tinh thé (CFSE) theo nang lugng tach A va nang luong ghép ddi electron P. 46Phuc Momen tir, 1B Mau I [Co(NH).]* 0,0 Vang 2 (CoP) 49 Xanh 3 [Co(H,0).}* 38 Hong 4 [Coch 38 Xanh OG 3 [Co(oaph)2] 17 & c/ Giai thich tai sao cae phite coban co nhiéu khi phure Ti(lV)va Zn(ll) la khong mau? + -2,684A+P vv . Phite oe 6 nhigu mau vi Co(II) va Co(IIl) déu c6 cée obitan chua due i fectron, Electron c6 thé chuyén tir obitan c6 nang lwong thép 1én ps ‘c6 nang Iugng cao hon, Nang long can thiét cho su chuyén electron Ws nam trong vung nhin thay. Ws Trai lai, phtte Zn(II) khéng mau vi cdc obitan d da duge lap day hoan toan va bat ki su chuyén electron nao lén obitan c6 nang luong cao hon déi hoi nang ong nam ngoai ving nhin thay, do dé khéng c6 mau. Ti(IV) khong 6 electron d, nén khéng co su chuyén electron, do do khéng cé mau, 482. Do anh hudng trans ciia Br manh hon eta CI, do dé lign két Pd-NH; trong phic B kém bén hon so voi 6 trong phite A. Cau 36 Xét xem AgCl, Agl c6 tan trong dung dich NH3 1M duc khéng? Biét Tage = 1,8.10"°, Ky eta [Ag(NH3)2]" = 1.10° va Tag = 8.3.10” Hwéng din Xét sur héa tan cla WAgCl trong dung dich NH; AgC! SAS + Claw Taser sy (dl) Ag'w +2NH3uw [Ag(NHs)] & of (2) COng (1) va (2) ta c6: AgCl, + 2NH3ag [Ag(NHs)o]" Orr. Hang s6 can bang (3) : RS . rasan yo? (3) Cc Dya-Ky = 1,8. 107° 10° =1,8.107 tis Cage Néu hoa napa trong dung dich NH; IM, goi d6 tan cia két tha dé dudi dang oe Ta x (tinh biing mol/l) ta c6 AgCl, + 2NH3q [Ag(NHs)}"a + Clus 0 0 x x => ApH 0.13 > x=0,1 (mol) Vay Chagntisyy = 01M 49Nhu vay, Ciagaviisy}" can bang voi két tia AgCl kha Ién, nghia la AgCl tan dang ké trong dung dich NH. Tuong tu voi Agl ( Tau = 8,3.10), tim duge d6 tan ctia Agl trong dung dich NH; 1M 1a 9.10%, nghia la AgI khdng tan trong dung dich NH3 1M * Bai tip bo sung Céu 37. B4i voi phite [Cr(H;0).}*, nding Iuong ghép doi li 23500em;{ Dang lung tach la 13900em"'. Tinh nang luong 6n dinh trudng tinh, ee phure d6i vai cac truvdng hop spin cao va spin thdp, trudng hop na jon? Céu 38, Phite [Fe(CN)J* e6 ning long tich A cal/mol, phite [Fe(H:0),}* c6 A = 29,7keal/mol, di véi cae nee uong ghép doi dién tir P = 50,3kcal/mol. a. Hay vé gidn dé nang Iuong cua hai of phan bé dién tir ciia hai phite do, gidi thich b. Hay cho biét phite nao 1a phy > cao, phire nao Ia phite spin thap, moment tir va tinh chat tir eta ¢. Déi v6i cae phite trén, sith thich ign tir tir mute ty, dén e, phite hap thu anh sang c6 bude soi ang bao nhiéu? Cau a. ie 1. Tinh oss ben tong cng cia phire [ Ag(NH)2] 6 25°C. Os Ag* +e= Ag BE’ =08V [Ag(NH),]* + e = Agy +2NHsy E° = 0.4V ‘inh hing sé bén tong céng cua phite [ Ag(CN)2 6 25°C. Cho biét: Ag +e= Ag E’ = 0,8V [Ag(CN)]° + ¢ = Aggy +CNiq — E°=-0,29V 3. Hay xét xem Ag cé tan trong HCN IM giai phéng H; hay khong? Cho biét: E°(Ag’/Ag) =0.8V , K,[Ag(CN),] = 7.08.10" & 50Cau 40 Xét chiéu cua phan tg sau 6 25°C theo 2 cach [Ni(NH).[°* + 3 en =[Ni(en)3]* + 6NH Biét AH”, = -25kI/mol va AS’, = 110 J/mol.K Kycita [Ni(en)3]°" = 129.10" va ky cla [Ni(NH3).]°" = 1,02.10° & Cau 41 xO Hay giai thich vi sao: 1. Dung dich ctia méi ion sau: Zn”*, Hg™* , Cd", Se*, La oe K lai khong c6 mau. 2. 6 trang thai ran, cae oxit, cdc mudi cita kim loai o tiép déu cd mau. Néu nhiing tmg dung dua vao tinh chat dé. Cau 42 1, Sir dung thuyét lign két hoa tri, hay: a. Cho biét trang thai lai hoa cia ca & dui day. (i) [ACN (ii) [N(CN)P & (ili) [Fe(CN) SS" (iv) (Zn( b. Cho biét caiNad hinh hoc cia cdc ion trén. c. Cho big 2. ch Pin dung dich NH,SCN 10“M vao 1 ml dung dich FeCl; 10'M. Ay ich c6 mau dé cia phite FeSCN** xuat hién khong? (Biét: Dung dich (CN** co mau dé khi néng dé cia phite nay > 7.10°M). momen tir cla cac ion trén. Cho: Hang s6 bén ciia FeSCN** k = 10° 3. Tai sao tat ca cae phite bat dién ctia Ni(II) déu la phtte lai hoa ngoai. 51Cau 43 1. Khi nghién ctu phite cia Co™ voi F va voi NH; ngudi ta nhan thay ching cing c6 dang bat dién song tir tinh ctia ching khde nhau, cu thé phue K,[CoF,] cé momen tir bang 4,89 1B cén phite [Co(NH;).JCl; c6 momen tir bang 0. Tinh so e déc than cia ching. Dung thuyeét lién két hoa tri ae gn thich sy hinh thanh 2 phite trén. Oo Cho: Co(Z=27) & 2. Hay so sanh kha nang hoa tan cia AgCl trong nude AP dung dich NH; IM. Cho biet tich so tan cua AgC! bang 1,8.10°° @Ring sO ben tong hop cua phic [Ag(NHs),]" bang 10°. - 3. Giai thich tai sao Pt(I1) va Pd(1) ludn tao ee@ chi cé mét sé phite cia Ni(II) la vudng phn Cau 44 1. C6 bao nhiéu déng phan hinh hy Oo cOng thie [Cr(en)Ch" va déng phan nao c6 hoat tinh quang 8 2. Ca phite Fe(CN)<" va phe Fe(H:0)."* déu khéng mau trong dung dich loaing. Phite thir nhat 1 thap va phite thir hai c6 spin cao. vung phing nhung u true cua tat ca cae dong phan do. a. C6 bao nhiéu electron chua ghép déi trong mdi ion trén? Sigdng tich A d6i voi hai phir trén khée nhau ding ké nhung 2. a. Mot phute chat bat dién co momen tir bang 4,90 4B; Mét phire chat bat dign khée cing cing ion trung tam nhur phite thir nhat va cing mite oxi hod, 52co momen tir bang 0. Ion trung tém trong hai phtre dé c¢ thé 1a ion nao trong s6: Cr(II1), Mn(I), Mn(II1), Fe(I), Fe(II), Co(II) b. Cau héi tuong tur nhur cdu (a) nhung phite thir nhat cé momen tir la 4.90 1B va phic thir hai co momen tlr la 2,83 pB 3. Giai thich ngan gon tai sao phire ciia Cu(II) c6 mau nhung phite Cun khéng c6 mau? Cau 46 & 1. Kim loai tao phite thuéc day chuyén tiép thir nhat ¢6 cA Voi gia tri nao cila i thi tinh chat tir ctia phite sé bi thay déi theo KN {rung manh va phdi tir trudng yéu trong phic bat dién 2. Mot dung dich phite FeSCN** co néng d a Mau do ita dung dich phite d6 co bién mat hay khéng khi a dén 10. (Biét: Dung dich FeSCN** cé mau dé khi néng 46 ctia p! 7.10°M. Cho: Fe’ + SCN” == \FESCN* k=10°" Fe’ + 2H,0 FeOH* +H,0" k= 1077 3. Doi véi ion [Cr(H0)<)& ning lugng ghép doi P = 23.500 cm''. Nang luong tach A = 13.900SGm". Hay tinh nang Iuong én dinh trudng tinh thé 6 a ‘n tuong ting vdi hai trang thai spin thap va spin cao. Ea 155,1 kj/mol va 275,1 kj/mol. Nang luong can thiét dé ghép electron la = 250.8 kj/mol x a. Dua vao thuyét trudng tinh thé hay vé gian d6 tach mire nang yong va cho biét sur phdn bé electron trén cde mite nding lung ca 2 phite ndi trén. b. Cac phite trén thuge loai spin cao hay thap, thudn tir hay nghich tir? 53¢. Hay tinh nang long 6n dinh truémg tinh thé (CFSE) cho ion phite trén. Cho: Co (Z=27) 2. Khi khao sat phute [Ti(H:O).]** theo phuong phap MO thu duge cae obitan phan tir dudi day: O =e ¢ Og Op f Sy Thy Tez Tyz rN tm |S Ee aft 2-2 Hay so sanh gian dé, wegen 6 cdc obitan d cia Ti* trong phire [Ti(H20).]** theo phuong pip fén két hoa tri va thuyét trudng tinh thé. 3. Hay xac dinh nang Tidne in dinh truong tinh thé (CFSE) cia phite bat dién tao thanh tir ion i cd cdu hinh d° voi nang luong tach A = 25000cm" va nang lion d6i P= 15000 cm’! Cau 48 1 vibe (Cin 6 céu hinh electron ciia ion trung tam trong eéc ion phue sau fan diém cia thuyét trong tinh thé: Sa ent" RN) b. [Cu(NH,),* ©. [Cr(NH3)6)* 542. a. Hay tinh nang Iuong én dinh trudng tinh thé (CFSE) theo A (nang luong tach) va P (nang luong ghép dai) cho ion Ni* trong phire vudng phang, trong phite bat dién. b. Cau héi tuong ty nhu trén cho ion Zn” 3. Momen tir ctia [Mn(CN),]* la 2,8 1B. Momen tir ca [MnBr.]” la 5, eR Cho bidt céu trae hinh hoe eita hai phite nay. Cho Mn (Z=25) Oo Céiu 49: (Trich ki thi olypic héa he quéc té Hin thir 37, bai li get Chiufen, thi tran mé nam 6 trén doi cia mién Bac Di a fa mot noi ma ban cé thé kham pha ra lich sir Dai Loan. Do eiing ki gon ‘ong nhimg noi 6 mé vang lén nhat chau A. Chinh vi vay Chiufen SCet due goi la thi dé vang cia chau A, KCN thuong duge ding dé hist, g tir quang. Vang tan trong dung dich xianua trong sur cé mat cita khi dé tao thinh Au(CN), bén ving trong dung dich nuée & 4Au(r) + 8CN"(aq) + Oo(k) + 2Hyt 4Au(CN),"(aq) + 40H(aq) 1. Viét céng thue cau tao cla )y, chi ra vi tri lap thé cia timg nguyén tte. GO 2. Can bao nhiéu gam ‘Ge chiét vang tir quang? Nude cudng thuy. it hon hop gdm HCI va HNO; lay theo ti lé 3:1 vé thé tich, di duoc va phat trién boi cde nha gid kim thuat dé hoa tan vang. Qa trinh mét phan img oxy héa - khir xay ra theo phuong trinh: 6 Cay +NOs (aq) + C(aq) AuCl; (aq) + O21) { hai nia phan img va sir dung no dé can bang phuong trinh trén. Chi ra gia trinh nao ka oxy héa, qita trinh nao 1a khit. ‘Vang khéng hé phan img véi axit nitric. Tuy nhién vang co thé phan img voi nude cudng thuy vi tao thanh ion phtre AuCL,”. Cho biét cdc thé sau: Au*(aq) +3e > Au(r) FB? =+1,50V AuCl; (aq) + 3e° > Au(r) + 4CI(aq) E°=+1,00V 555. Tinh hang s6 can bang K = [AuCly/[Au"J[CIT’ 6. Vai trd cia HCI la sinh ra Cl. Déi véi phan img trén thi CF c6 vai tro gi? a) CI la tae nan oxy hoa. b) CI Ia tae nhdn khit, c) CI la tac nhan tao phite & d) CI ka chat xite tée oO Cau 50: (Trich olympic héa hoc cae trwong dai hge viét sam thie hai, 2004 dé thi phan co sé va héa hoe v6 co, bang A) Voi thanh phan [Cr(H;0),(NH3)sBr 3)" , ion nay ova phan hinh hoe; trong dé mét déng phan hinh hoc lai co hai 46) in quang hoe; tat cd cac dang déng phan trén déu co cau dién (tam 1. Hay viet, vé céng thite cau tao cita mai d ain trén 2. Ap dung thuyét lai hod hay giai thic fait 1g do, Céu 51: (Trich dé thi olympic ax ¢ sinh vién toan quoc nim 2003 phan héa dai cwong va v6 co, ) M6 ta su tao thanh Ken) et trong cdc phic chat Ni(CO), va Fe(CO)s theo phuong phap acho biét c4u tric hinh hoc cita ching. Cho biét Zre=26,Z xi =21 Cau 52: oe thi chon hge sinh gidi quée gia THPT nam 2014) 1. Nam | ic nha khoa hoc da tim ra phuong phap cé dinh nito 6 nhiét do phon te cach dan khi nito di qua dung dich pentaaminoaquoruteni(II) Khi do, nito sé thay thé nude trong cau ndi ciia Al tao phite chat méi Phite chat A2 cé tinh thudn tir. a. Viét phuong trinh phan img xay ra. b. Ap dung thuyét lién két hoa tri (VB), hay mé ta lién két trong phite A2 va du doan cdu tric hinh hoc cla n6. Xée dinh héa tri va s6 oxi ha ciia ruteni trong phite chat A2. 562. Trong dung dich OH" 1,0M ciia [Co(NH)sCl]* tén tai cn bang : [Co(NH,);Cl]** + OH € [Co(NH;)(NH,)CI] + HO. © 25°C, tai thoi diém can bang xdc dinh duoe ring it nhat 95% phire chat t6n tai 6 dang axit [Co(NH,).5CI}*. Ching minh [Co(NH,).CI}* la mét axit rat yeu co K, =5,26.10""° OS 3. NH; co kha ning phan img voi nhieu ion kim loai chuyén tie red. Werner (duge giai Nobel hoa hoc nam 1913) da phan lap She mot sb phite chat gitta CoCl; va NHs, trong do co phire chat bat aeny phan tir la CoCls.4NHs. Tuy thuéc vao diéu kién téng wr) céng thite ire chat nay cd mau tim hod mau xanh, Khi cho wong du dung XgNO3 téc dung voi dung dich chira 1 mol phite chat nay déu mgr mol AgCl két tia, Hay xe dinh cde céng thie ¢6 thé cd cua phire sl UL ve? trén. 57KET LUAN Sau mét thi gian tim hiéu nghién ctu hoan thanh dé tai, bude dau t6i da thu dure mét s6 két qua sau: 1, Tir viée nghign tru ndi dung gido trinh hod hoc phire chat agg hoc da hé thong duoc nhimg kién thire co ban can nam ving ve phi 2. Dua vao ndi dung chuong trinh, tinh dac thi thuéc ch inh bac Dai hoc chung tdi da xay dung duge hé thong bai tap lién q ety phire chat 3, Phuong an ra bai tap: Méi cau héi vira c6 néi SD ban va nang cao nhung khéng lam mat di tinh hé théng cia chu h. Hau hét cde edu hoi dua ra c6 tinh logic cao. 4, Phan dap an cho cae bai tap ién citu. a We 6 tinh khoa hoe, tao dieu kién tot cho sinh vién co thé tu Nes 58TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Hoang Nhim. Héa hoe v6 co tap 3. NXB Gio due, 2005. 2. Lé Chi Kién. Hén hop phic chat. NXB Dai hoc quéc gia Ha Noi, 2006. 3. Pham Ba Ngan. Gido trinh Héa hoc phitc chat. Truong Dai hoe Di 2002 4. Neuyén Hitu Dinh - Tran Thi Da. Ung dung mét so phi jap pho nghién citu edu tric phan ti. NXB gido duc, 1999 59PHY LUC Hung din gidi mOt s6 bai tap bé sung Cau 7 Laks 2. Cau hinh dién tir lan luot la [Ar]3d°, [Ar]3d°, [Ar]3d’; [Ar]3d°, Tarlges, [Ar]3d"®; [Ar}3a” Cau 8 & 1a. K[Pd(NH,)Ch] ss b. [Pd(NH3);Cl.] as c. K,[PdClg] & @ d. [Pa(NH;),Cls]Cl, 2. a. Dong phan hinh hoc ‘ss oS NZ OK ok S cn < b Ding phn inh eA : : xX fo . — J G 4 \, ar 6Or a NH; FA me _ H,0. NH: H,0. VON a NZ / LN YN cl cl NH; Pp" ICH,Cau9 ~ Déng phan cis-irans va dong phan lién két - Viét déng phan cis-irans theo hang ngang va déng phan lién két theo hang doc 1a scn TaN SCN & \, 7 N77 a wes wt cis-diamminbis(thiocyanato)platin(I1) trans-diamminbis(thiocy HN SCN \ of sae’ \ Nes, NH; cis-dinmminthiocyanatoisothiocyanatoplatin(IT) trans~ thiocyanatoisothiocyanatoplatin(II) OP Nes oN, f o' SK al — — h ane-S.o inbis{isothioe}noatplatin(T) Cau 10 1. Phite Pt (1 ¥ va c6 2 phoi tir don cing kha nhau. Méi cap phoi tir co te) tri ké hodc déi nhau nén cé déng phan hinh hoc. Mdi déng phan, cé thé trang chap én nhau d6i voi anh cua no qua guong nén kh eo phan quang hoc. lenediamine (en) la phdi tir 2 cang. Cr** c6 s6 phdi tri 6 nén c6 cau tric ws at dién. Ba phoi tir 2 cang niy tung diong do dé khong c6 déng phan hinh hoe. Tuy nhién, ion phite c6 anh qua guong khéng tring chap Ién nhau nén co dong phan quang hoe 61Xn i a Cau 11 G Cac déng phan cia iptphirc voi s6 phdi tri 4 dang [MA3B,] ma khi oxi hoa no tao thanh phizébat dién thi do la cac déng phan vuéng phing. Vay cae dng phan ci 'Hs)o(py)2]Cl, la: Or gy. oO NH, Py NH & bY £¢ s HN’ py py cis transCau 14 Cac céng thie tuong tu khdée cla cée hop chat Werner sau CoCls.SNHs; CoCls.4NH3 va CoCls.5NH3.H20 lan lugt la [Co(NHs)sCl|Cl; [Co(NH3)sClJCl; [Co(H20)(NH3)s]Cls CAu 15 Theo quy luat anh huong sans ta co: T > Cl > NH; : a +NH; = C/}——C me cr Pt / ct cl " a-—NH, * cl vang da cam © giai doan 2 vi CI c6 anh huong tra NHj nén CI 6 doi dién ‘voi CF dé bi thé hon tao thanh déng phan, mau vang da cam. H. wr a / a lL ‘My CI-——NH, ¢ vang nhat 6 giai doan pte tuong tur nhu trén, & day tao thanh déng phan any ital, trans co mau v6i KI cing do anh huéng zrans nén tao thanh 2 sin pham C6 fan khac nhau, chat dau khi phan img véi KI tao thanh phite [Pt@lb}" con chat sau tao thinh phite [Pt(NH3)s]], day 1a 2 chat ¢6 thanh pe nhau. Cau 16 1. Hop chat [Co(en),Ch]CI a. S6 phéi tri cla ion kim loai trung tim 1a 6 b. Bac oxi héa cla ion kim loai trung tam 1a +3 63Sx ¢. Sd ion tao thanh khi hoa tan hop chat nay vao nude 1a 2 d. $6 mol cia AgCl két tia déi v6i mdi mol cia hop chat hoa tan trong nude khi thm AgNO; vao la | 2. Cau hinh Hg*: [Xe]6s'* 6f'*5d'° nhung Cu: [Ar]3d'°. Do dé ¢ déc than trong Hg” c6 thé c&p déi tao thanh Hg,”*, nguge lai cdu hinh Cu* da bingy vay, c6 thé viet Hg,Cl, va phai viet CuCl moi dung. oO Cau 37 Ae Cr (Z= 24): [Arl4s'34° ss Suy ra: Cr": [Ar]3d* - Trudng hop phite cé spin cao thi theo thuyét tn ‘thé phure c6 dang tyy'¢,!. Ta co: AH=(-0,4.3 + 0,6.1)A =-0,6A = -0,6.13900 (Ocm' - Truéng hgp spin thap theo thuyét ‘SO thé phite c6 dang tyy'e,’. Ta ©: AH =(-0,4.4) A +P =-1,6A + P-C18(13900) + 23500 = 1260 cm"! Trong trudng hop is, P — phe spin cao bén hon vi cé nang luong thdp hon cau 49 & 1. Cu trae “ues & KO RNY © 4Au+ KCN +0, +2H,0 === 4KAuCN), + 4KOH mxcn = (20/197).(8/4).65,12 = 13,024 (g) +3e7 | 3.Oxy hoa: Att, +4CI) > AuCl; Khir hoa: 3NOs(aq) + 6H"(aq) + 3° > 3NO,(k) + 3H,0(1) Ay + 3NOS (ay + OH aay + 4CT aq) = AUCIs ag) + 3NO2ey + 3200, 644, Tac nhdn oxy héa: HNO} Tae nhan kh: Au 5. Au™(aq) +3e > Au(r) E°=+1,50V Au(r) + 4CI(aq) > AuCl,(aq) + 3e -E°=-1,00V = Au(r) + Au* (aq) + 4CI'(aq) > AuCli(aq) + Au(r) — E°=0,50' Cach 1: E= E° - (0,059/n)lgQ Oo Luc dat can bing: Q=K, E= 0; K = [AuCl; [Au ][Cr} & E° = (0,059/n)lgK > K = 10°? = 2,6.10"5 sy Céch 2: AG®, + AG", = AG’, as (-nFE°,) + (nFE®,) =-RTInK & E=(RT/nF)InK = (0,059/n)lgK => K “qe 2,6.10°°. 6. Dap an a) CI la tae nhan oxi héa SV cau 50 & 1, a) 5 dong phan hinh hoc cia adi la: O 65|e ® NH3. Br Bin, | _AORe a bes a | Non H, n7| Nou NH Br OS O A: trans-diammin-trans-diaquo-trans-dibrom Crom(II1) B: cis-diammin-cis-diaquo-cis-dibrom Crom(III) \ C: cis-diammin-trans-diaquo-cis-dibrom Crom(III) & Dy, trans-diammin-cis-diaquo-cis-dibrom Crom Dy Dz»: cis-diammin-cis-diaquo-trans-dibrom Cro \) Trong 5 déng phan hinh hoc trén thi oe ng phan quang hoc c6 cau tao B1, B2 nhw sau: & OH, ww B2 Cu hinh Cr**: [Ar] 3d” wv - Thuyét lai héa Pauling: Do cac phdi tir NHs, Br, HO deéu la phdi tir truong yéu nén kh6n co su don electron trong AO 6 3d. Vay 2(AO)3d sé tham gia lai hoa voi 1(AO)4s va 663(AO}4p, dé la lai héa d’sp*, Hinh bat dién déu cé tém la Cr, 6 dinh chinh la 6 dinh cua 6AO ~ Thuyét trudng tinh thé +4+——— Vi 6 phi tir déu durge phan bé trén 3 truc toa dp mato x 2d bi diy lén mite eg con 3AO dy: des dy, & MUC tye thi < ion phite [Cr(H,0),(NH,);Br 2] c6 hinh bat dién eo st due. § 67