www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKémQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon. blogspot.com BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HQC SU PHAM HA NOI --solder——- PHAM TH] DUYEN XAY DUNG VA PHAN LOAI BAI TAP-GONG HOA HOC THEO CHUYEN DE DUNG CHO BOL DUONG HOC SINH GIOI Bic TRUNG Hge Phd THONG a (6a If thuyét va héa ly Nguoi hing dan khoa hgc: PGS.TS. Lé Minh Cam HA NOT- 2014 . www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tém boi GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficialwww.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon. blogspot.com MUCLYC CHUONG 1: MO DAU 1.1, Li do chon dé tai - Myc dich va nhigm vy nghién ciru 1.2.1, Mue dich . 1.2.2. Nhigm vu. 1.3. Khach thé va déi twgng nghién cru. 1.3.1. Khéch thé nghién cira 1.3.2, Déi tuong nghién cir 1.4. Gia thuyét khoa hge.. 1.5. Phwong phap nghién ciru 1.5.1. Nhém cac phuong phap nghién citu If 1.5.2. Nh6m cée phuong phap nghi . 1.5.3, Phuong phép xtr If théng tin phuong php thing ké to’n hoc trong khoa hoc gido due dé xtr ee tich cde két qua thue nghigm sur pham... Se EN COU hai nigm co ban. 1.6. Déng gép ciia dé thi CHUONG 2: NOI DUNG 2.1. Chuyén dé 1 2.1.1. Téc dé pl 2.1.2. Phuong thinh dong hoe ela phan img héa hoe 2 wt s6 va bac phan tm; 2.2. sn dé 2: Dong hgc cc phan irng dng thé don gian mét chiéu. 241. Téng quan ly thuyét. 2. Cée dang bai tap - = saelO v 2.3. Chuyén dé 3: Déng hoe céc phan tng dong thé phite tap. eer] Q 2.3.1. Téng quan ly thuyét. 2.3.2. Cée dang bai td Co >) 2.4, Chuyén dé 4: Co sé ly thuyét dong héa hoc 53 2.4.1. Téng quan ly thuyét. 53 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com 2.4.2. Cae dang bai tp a 2.5. Chuyén dé 5: D§ng hge cae phn ing dj thé 2.5.1. Téng quan Ii thuyét. 2.5.2. Cée dang bai tap . 2.6. Chuyén dé 6: Xtic tac. 2.6.1. Téng quan If thuyé 2.6.2. Cée dang bai tip oe 2.7. Chuyén dé 7: Thyc nghiém sw pham. 2.7.1. Mue dich, nhigm vu thure nghiém su pham. 2.7.2. Phuong phép thye nghiém sur pham. 2.7.3. Két qua va xir ly két qua thuc nghiém su pk 2.7.4, Nhan xét dinh gid két qua thue nghiém, oo 107 CHUONG 3: KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHES. see see 109 KET LUAN a a seve. 109, KIEN NGHI... a 109 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com CHUONG 2: NOI DUNG NGHIEN CUU, 2.1. Chuyén dé 1: Nhiing khéi nigm eo bin LI. Tébe dé phén tmg Dinh n; Khi phan img din ra trong diéu kin thé tich va nhiét d6 wi di, bién thién ndng d6 cla mot chat bat ki nao trong hén hop phan img, 3 don vi thoi gian duce goi la t6e dé phan ting. Gia thiét phan img héa hoc xay ra theo phuong tinh: Qe Oo ) trong dé: v4, vy, ¥4, vp hE 36 th lung cua cde chitdu va cée chat cub. vyA+YB > ¥,C+¥,D - Trong mét khong thoi gian xée dinh, mg do cia chat i la AC,, thi téc dé phan img trung binh theo c6ng thire: ~ Téc a9 tite thoi cua phan i lao ham ctia néng d6 mét chat bat ky tham gia phan img theo thoi gian. at ac vy dt trong dé: Ta néng dé chat i, 7 Tt sian, v, 1a ne s6 9) lueng eta cht Mv yj la toc do phan tng ciia chat i i v6i phan (mg thu nhiét hodc t6a nhiét, nhiét dé ctia mai trudmg c6 anh xi ké dén gid tri thc d6 phan img, do 46, phan img phai duoc dat trong ~ t binh dn dinh nhiét (tecmosta) Ye ~ Néu phan img xay ra trong pha hi, biéu thite dinh nghia téc dé duge viét 2 dudi dang: (Pi: 4p sudt riéng phan cia chat i) 4 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com = C6 thé biéu dign téc d6 phan img qua cdc dai luong khéc, trong d6 cae x a Ba ee oe ae ne GC (X: tham ly i =. (%: mot tham s6 vat ly) 118 voi 3 Xée djnh tée d@ phim ing: Téc d6 cia phan img e6 thé duge xde 4 bing 4 cca bat ky chat nao c6 mat trong hdn hop phan tmg. Trong era m, nguisi ta tim cach theo doi sy bién thién ndng dé cita chat nio d& ding Se inh nhat theo tha gian, sau 46 xée dinh he s6 g6e ei tiép tuyén cia duoysryong C= f() ti mot thoi diém nao dé (ti). xs Vi du: phan img héa hoc: A— B. (28) =hé sé g6e cag Vo tai to. tiép wyén v, wait (B.)-[BIQ4 BB) gee 2.1.2. Phuong trinh dén; on ‘cuia phan ing hoa hoc Xét phan if oe > vy Al + v, As : rad nghia te d6 phan img ta c6: Ldc, pay a, a ty at @ ~ Phuong trinh Iuat t6e d6 viét cho phan img trén la: vekcy.cy, (b) (véi m va n Tan lugt [a bac riéng phan ctia A, va Ap) ~ Két hop (a) va (b) ta c6 phuong trinh déng hoc dang vi phn cia phan img Q héa hoc: Ss www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com ga 2.1.3. Phan tie sé va bd phén ing - Bac phn ing x + Dinh nghia: Bac phan tmg 1a hé s6 mii cia néng d6 trong phones d6ng hoc ca giai doan quyét dinh te d6 phan img chung oe + Vidu: v, A + ¥,B — San phim AG + Phuong trinh luat téc d6: vek GG, (trong d6: m 1a bac riéng phan cia chat A, n 1a nea + nla bae chung ctia phan Ung, va v, #m, v5 =m ng phan cla chat B, m + Bae phan img 14 mot dai tong 4 uve gid ti cia v, do d6 gitip chiing tathige KE ld phan img, nding suit tht bi... hhinh thire, cho phép tinh tosn sung Etiag cos pds iia i bina qs + Bac cia phan img 6 1g khong, phn sé va sé nguyén (thdm chi cé. bac am). Phan nhiéu trong ode an ting di thé (khi ~ rin), do cdc chat khi tham gia phan (mg bi hap phu fede chat rin (hode xtic tac rin) nén trong phuong trinh téc d6 (phuong trinh eho cta phan img thubng cé cdc s6 mii phan s6, am hode bing khéng. td « Phanr so ‘Binh nghia: 8 phan tuong téc truc tiép, déng thoi véi nhau dé gay ra SO uyén ha héa hoc durge goi 1a phan tir s6, SS | + Phan tt s6 eta phan img chi 1 1, 2 va 3. Khong e6 phan ti 6 bing x khdng, phan sé hoac Ién hon 3 vi sé tiéu phan tham gia phan tg ludn lu6n 1a thye va nguyén. + Phan tir s6 cho phép hiéu r6 ban chat ciia timg giai doan phan img, hiéu ro duge su tién trién cua phan img qua timg giai doan cé ban chat chuyén héa héa hoc khéc nhau (hay hiéu rd duge co ché phan img). 6 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com = So sh phan tir sé va bic phan ing Phin tirsd Bic phan mg + La khéi nim If thuyét gin lién voi co | + LA khdi niém gin lién voi thye nghiém ché cita phan ting. + Phin ti 86 cho phép higu r@ duge co | + Bac phan img khong cho phép hjeu ro ché phan img. ban chat ctia qué trinh pha im; + Phan ti sé cla phan img chi la s6|+ Bac cia phan img c6 th&Barig khong, nguyén (1, 2, 3), khOng o6 phan wt s6 | phin sd, s6 nguyén qin chi e6 ba bang khong, phin sé hoac lén hon 3. fim) va c6 thé Lag. + Dinh nghia: Phan img nguyén t6 1a phan - Phan dng nguyén t6 (phan dng don giin) cin xily ra theo 1 giai doan +Vid ASB + Phan img nguyén té cé phuong tind téc dé trimg voi dinh luat tic dung Kndi luong, bic cia phan ting tring voLHE $6 ty luong, + Phan img phite tap Phan img 2 giai doan néi A—4+ B+C 4» D+E x giaidoan1 ——_giai doan 2 Téc dO ciia giai doan phan ing: www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Néu téc d6 cia giai doan 1 chim nhat thi te d6 phan img chung v duge quyét dinh boi v;: ve v,=k.C, a) Néu giai doan 2 1a cham nhat thi: KC, (by - Van dung Cho phan img héa hoe: N, + 3H; > 2NH, + Téc dé phan img tinh theo chat tham gia No: 3 4+ Téc dé phan img tinh theo sin phe NHs: eee dG, CS + Téc dé chung ciia pane theo dinh nghia: Cy, 1 dy, 1 Hy, © dt 3 dt 2 dt + Phuong Ae d6ng hoc ciia phan img: So ce dt 3 dt 2 dt x iyén dé 2: Dong hgc cdc phan tng dng thé don gidn mt chiéu Téng quan If thuyét © Phan img bac 1 - Dinh nghi ban dau tham gia chuyén héa trong mét phan img nguyén t6. Tap hop cdc phan img CRC, 6 a phan img chi e6 mot tigu phan (phan tir, nguyén ti nguyén té nay tao ra mét phan img giai doan bc 1. - Phin tng tong quat: A san phim 8 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Ban dau (C,) a Phan img x Con lai (C ) a-x - Phirong trinh dng hc + Dang vi phan: dC _ ac kC > =-kdt dt c + Dang tich phan: 1 i stint ao 2 + Chu ky ban hay: [a thoi gian ty. khi phan tn anketen nita long chat ‘khOng phy thudc vao néng d6 dau. 1 > bes Tin K + Chu ki ban huy cia phan img bé ‘© Phan ing bic 2 oe - Dinh nghia: La phan ing téc dé cla né phu thude bic hai vao néng a6 cde chat. “Phin oe ol > A + B > C+D+ Ban div (CR a b Phan ang x x Can tai (C) (ax) (bx) hurong trinh dng hoc + Phuong trinh Iuat téc d6 cho phan img dang vi pI ac va SS =RCACy d(a-x) _dx 89) 2B La ayo ane )(b—x) + Dang tich phan: kot nb@=0 ) Ina(b—x) 9 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com + Néu ndng dé ban dau ciia cdc chat phan img bang nhau va bang a thi: + Chu ky ban hay: Chu ky ban huy cia phan ung bac hai ti 1€ nghich véi néng 46 di GS © Phin img bjen a ‘Doi vai phan img bac n c6 cae nong d6 cdc chat ban di ahr hha, tacé: - Phuong trinh déng hoc dang tich phan: Q & art 1 (nna ~ Chu ky ban hiy: 2.2.2, Cae dang bai tap © Cée phuong phiip $a dinh bic eta phin img va ning diém chi § - Phurong ph: Dem thé n¢ cia m6t chat nao dé tim duge bang thye nghiém 6 nhimg im Kho,nkiau vao phuong trinh dng hoe eva phan img bée 1. bac 2, ... xem phuong inp Ko cho duge gid tri khong ddi cia hing s6 t6c dé k thi phan img sé c6 bac seine v6i phuong trinh ding hoc d6. xO "- Phuong phap dé thi > + Déi véi phan img bac 1 ta c6: Ye In (@-x) = Ina-Kt © kt Ig (a—x) =Iga- —*t_ @ Ig@-x=lga 2308 thoi Su phu thuéc ctia Ig (a -x) vao t la tuyén tinh véi d6 doc cia dudng thing tga =~ k/ 2,303. Tir day c6 thé xéc dinh hang s6 téc d6 k. 10 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com + Déi voi phan img bac 2, phuong trinh déng hoc duge viét dudi dang: 1 inba=» t(a—b) Ina(b—x) so) gh BA, x Ta thay sy phu thude cua a ] vio 1a tuyén tinh véiz 8 box - Phuong php thoi gian nia phin img v@i phan img mot chiéu bac 1, thoi gian nWa“phan img Ia hing s6 va ‘khéng phu thuéc vao néng d6 ban dau. ~ 02 ne Trong trudng hgp chung, déi set mg bac n # | va cé néng d6 dau eta cdc chat phan tng bing nhau thi: g Gn = Ig to = (1 -n)lg a+ Ig const Ta thdy, sur ¢ Ig ty vio Ig a 1a dudng thing véi tg o n, vahing 86 tée dO duoc xée bang doan thing thu duge khi dudng thing biéu dién cat try nung tai p> toa 48 ‘ Poinmg phap vi phan OX Phuong winh dng hoe eda phan img hoa hoe v= SC akon a u www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Lay (v3 : v)) hoe (v) : v3) > m + Tuong ty, c6 dinh C, lam bién thién Cy => n ~ Cha §: + Dua vao don vi cia hang s6 téc dé phan img dé bai cho dé x4c dinh eS phan (mg cia nhiing phan ing don gidn. + Déi vai céc bai tp cho théi gian va Iuong chat ciia céc chat trude Lan img, ding phuong phap thé vao phuong trinh hing s6 te d6 ciia phan img Ue gid str, u Sidsir ding, néu cdc gif tri hing s6 téc d6 ctla phan img sap xi nhau chimg to + Déi voi bai tap xdc dinh bac phan img, téc 6 Phin hs ing 86 tc 46 phan img trong d6 6 sy ting hoe gidm Ivong chat n tan dung phuong trinh luat t6c dé déi voi timg truong hop ban dau va sau hoae gidm lugng chat. ‘Sau d6, bang phép bién déi toan hoc suy ra yéu + Déi voi mét sé phan tng khong cho 1a chat phan img ma cho thé tich, Ap sudt...thi phai xét méi lién hé whe d6 vai cdc dai luong dé (4p suat, thé tich,...) d8 gidi quyét bai tap. AO © Bai tap c6 Idi giai Y Bai 1: Su phan hiiy tmg phan hiy NOs 6 hang s6 téc 46 k = 0,002 phut', thir nguyén cia boang hu thude vao néng d6 nén phan img phan hiiy N;Os la phan tmg bac 1. ta oa Tack: colin_4_ Q Vi hang sé téc d6 ciia phan img bac 1 khong phu thudc céch biéu thi néng d6, do d6 dat a= 100 —) jy_100 120° 100-x www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Bai 2 : Su thiy phn etyl axetat bang xtit 1a phan img bac 2. Su bién thién Iuong etyl axetat va xtit duge cho dudi day: 1 (gidy) 0 393 669, 1010 Luong kiém (mol) 0.5638 0.4866 0.4467 0.4113 Luong este (mol) 0,3114 0.2342 01943 (0,1589 Hay ching t6 sur thiy phan etyl axetat 1A phan dng bac 2. Tinh gi binh ctia hang s6 toc dé phan img. Gia Gia sir phan img thiy phan ety! axetat 1 phan img megRe ‘dung céng thite: 1 Inbla=x) ha t@—b) Inagb—x) 1 7 astieasiagsdvinn = 0,138 (mol gi 393.(0,5638—0,3114) 0,5638.(0, | 10,0772) =0,141 (mol! gifiy~) 3114) =0,140 ( mol" gidy"') 1S, 0311400,5638-0,1760) 3114)" 0,5638,0,3114 —0,1760) ~ 143 (mor sid”) iy’ 0.138801 41+0,140+0,143)=0,140 mor 3NDOi voi phan ung héa hoc : Nz + 3H; = 2NH3, téc 46 eit phan img thudn thay d6i nhu thé nao khi ting 4p suat cua hé phan img I AY clit: ~ + Tang 4p sudt ctia hé phan img 1én 3 Ldn thi néng d6 (mol thé tich) cua cde Bai chat tang 3 Lan. Phuong trinh déng hoc ctia phan img: v= K(N}[H) wo + Téc dé phan img sau khi ting 4p suat lén 3 lan: v2 = k3[N,]3H,] =81.k(N,}.[H,] @) 13 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com + Lay (2):(1) ta c6: + Vay khi tng ép suat cla hé phan tmg lén 3 lan thi téc d6 phan img thu: tang 81 1an. Al, Bai 4: D6i voi phan img héa hoc: Ss 0 2N:05—> 4NO» + Op, Q & tc d6 duroe bidu thi bing céng thre: vail Hay vidt hi tie tbe 46 i véi cdc chat khéc trong phuong trinh phan img. xs Giii © + Tir phuong trinh phan tmg ta thy tée 6, fi cia NOs nhanh gap 2 lan téc d6 hinh thinh Os, vi vay void) 1a) + ViNO; duge hinh thanh voi ‘gap 4 ln téc 46 hinh thanh Op, ta e6: 14[NO,] 4 at Bai 5: Phin img phat HO; trong dung dich nude xay ra theo quy lat déng hoe bac 1. Tha Pin phan tng bang 15,86 phiit. Hay xéc dinh thoi gian ccd thiét dé 99% H202. typo 2 oa 2 2.822 oog37 pn 4 15,86 t 1 jg_100 15,4 ph ko a=x 0.0437 100-99 jang s6 tc dé phan tng héa hoc: CH,COOC;H; + NaOH - CH;COONa + C;H;OH @ 283K bing 2,83 mol'.l.ph’. Tinh thoi gian can thiét dé nong dé cia CHsCOOC2Hs cin tai 50% néu ta tron 1 tit dung dich CHsCOOC2Hs 0,05 M véiz 4 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com a. 1 lit dung dich NaOH 0,05 M b. 1 lit dung dich NaOH 0,1 M Gidi: + Tir don vi ca hing s6 tée d6 phan img, suy ra phin ung phan hig (CH,COOC>H; Ia bac 2. + Khi 2 chat e6 cing néng dé, trén 2 thé tich bang nhau thi néng se chat giam di mét nita. Do 46, thoi gian dé CHyCOOC.H; giam di 50% Ja Thoi gian nira phan img: A 1 1 a —1 _-t6.spn ka 2380050" QD) + Khi 2 chat khdc néng d6 khi tron thé tich ringed im di mot nita, ta cé: po} pba 3 k(a-b) a(b-x) _ L 2,38(0,025—0,05) et B gid tri trung binh ca hing sé t shan img, ngudi ta dem chudn d6 cing mot thé tich dung dich HO» 6 eée thdi diem Khe nhaw bang dung dich KMnO, thi duoc két qua sau: oO t(phay + 0 10 20 30 V -théstich KMnO, (ml) 21,6 12,4 2 4. ‘ Xe dinh hing s6 téc d6 k cia phan img phin hiy HO. Oe ais + Vi su phan hiy HO, trong dung dich nude 1a phan tmg bac 1, ta c6: : Sur phan hiy H;O> trong dung dich nude 1a phan img bac 1. Dé ti In tax +Vi hing néng 6, nén cé thé thay néng dé dau a bang thé tich KMnO, da ding dé chudn 46 H,O) 6 thé diém t = 0, gid tri a — x thay bang thé tich KMnO, ding dé chuan 46 dung dich H;O; 6 thoi diém t, ta c6: tc dé cia phan img bac 1 kh6ng phy thudc vao cach biéu dién 1s www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com CH\COCH, > GH, + CO + He ‘Theo thoi gian phan ung, dp sudt chung cla hé soa nur sau: t(phit) =O 65 BS 99 p(mmHg) °312 408 ee 562 Hay chimg minh phan img 1a bac Lage hang s6 téc d6 ctia phan img. Giai: + Goi p, 1a 4p suat dau ct: coor CHC — CH, + CO + Hy Ban dau © ‘Thoi diém t x xX ox Pro = Po-X+X4+X4X= py +2x Secs "1 c6: k=tin O tax AS + Vi dp suat ty 18 voi ndng d6, nén trong phuong trinh déng hoe, thay ndng tia CHyCOCH; biing 4p suat riéng phan. x + Thay s6 ta 6: 22312 6.5 3312-408 =0,0257 ph” 16 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com 4, 2312 13°"3.312—488 2.312 9.0957 ph & 1 = jh 19,9" 3312-562 Rs 0254 ph”! 40. (0257 +0,0254+0,0257) =0,0256 ph” ): Nguoi ta do téc d6 dau hinh thanh chat C déi vei phan img ® B A+Boc AS . thu duoe két qua sau: fe) S6 thf nghiém a(M) Deer I OL 0,002 I 0.2 0,008 a OL 0,008 Tinh: a. Bée déi voi chat A va chat Bein phan img. b. Hang sé téc d6 phan eo) c. Tinh v khi a= g Gia s a. Ta cé ph téc dé dang ting quat: v=k.a"ib" @in la bée dbi véi chat A va chat B) Tir cdc'ia'tri tren ta c6: ye kath 6 0,0022.0.0°.00.0" a Ss © 0,008 = k.(0,2)".(0,2)" Q) o @ 0,008 = k.(0,1)".(0,2)" @) Lay (3): (I) tacé: m= Lay (2): 3) tacé: n=0 ‘Vay bac riéng déi véi chat A 1a 0, bac riéng déi voi chdt B 1a 2, bac ca phan amg 1A 2. b. Hang s6 téc d6 phan img: Voim= n= 0 thay vao (1) => k= 2M" ph! 7 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com c. Khia Bi 0,5 M thay vao (1) => v = 0,05 M.ph. 10 : (Trich dé thi tuyén sinh sau dai hoc nam 2004 DHSP Ha NGi) Ss Xét phan tmghéahoc: 2Fe* + Sn? = Fe* + Sn* Dé nghién ci ding hoc cia phan img, tién hanh 3 th nghiém dui day: x ‘Thi nghiém —C}.,, (mol/l) Co (mol/l) Tée dé dau v., st 1 107 107 v 2 2.107 2.107 8v AG . 3 2.107 10° wO Xéc dinh bic riéng phan d6i véi timg chit, bac oan d6i voi phan img va viét phuong trinh dong hoc ctia phan img da cho. Giii: + Phuong trinh toc dé cia phan i +Thinghiém 1: v=k(I +Thinghiém3: — 8v = R407) (b) + Thi nghiém 3: Ke (2.107) © Lay () : (a) = 4) @az2 Lay () : (¢) 2 @b=1 Vay bic rigng phan déi véi Fe* bing 2, déi véi Sn’* bang 1. Bac cla phan img bing 3. wong trinh déng hoc: , *y [Fe [su] xO Bai 11: (Dé thi tuyén sinh sau dai hoc nim 2004 DHKHTN TP.H6 Chi Minh) SS Cho phan img héa hoc: 2H:0.u1 + 24:0» + Oxy x Phan img thudc bac nhat déi voi ,, hing s6 van téc 20°C Ia k = 1,8.10° s va néng dé dau cia H,0, 1 0,30M. a, Tinh néng dé } sau 4,00h (gid) b. Tinh thoi gian t (gidy) dé [H,O,], =0,12M. cc. Tinh théi gian t dé 90% H,0> 18 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKémQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Gi Phan img: 2H20%4, > 2H2On + Oru) 1=0 03M 0 0 t GQ a, Phan img thude bée 1 12M, ta c6: gf = 14 gidy 14 phi. c. Thai gian dé 90% H,05: on 100-90 = 1) atin aires 35 gid 53 phiit Bai 124 Tron 1 tit du ne CH,COOH 2M voi 1 lit dung dich GH\OH 3M. Xée dinh tc 46 hinh i a tai thoi diém diu. Téc d6 nay sé thay d6i nhu thé nao néu trude, ia tron, mdi dung dich duge pha loang gap déi. Git: QS +Thi nating Sau khi ten 2 dung dich thé tich ciia hé phan img Ia 2 It, ta 06: [CH,COOH}=1M va [C,H,OH]=1,5M a tan xO CH;COOH + HOC,H; = CH,;COOC;H; + H,0 “SS Tacs: v= [CH,COOH][C.H,0H]= 1.15 = 15k w + Thi nghiém 2: Mi dung dich trudc khi tron duoc pha loing gap doi = thé tich cla hé phan img tang lén gap 4 lan, ta c6: [CH,CooH}=0,5M va [C,H,OH] =0,75M Ta eé: k[CH,COOH|[C,H,OH] 19 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com 5k v, 0,375k Lay (1) : (2) taco: =49y,=4y, di méi dung dich trade khi trén vio nhau, sé lim & x Vay khi pha lang phan ting nghién ciru e6 téc dé giam di 4 Kin, * Chis: + Tir bai tap trén gitip HS hiéu them: mudn kiém sodt degre phan coped san phim nhue mong doi thi cé thé lam bién doi cde dai tong lien £e fén phan ting s@ ddn dén lam thay ddi téc dé ciia phén ting theo Ineéng tie + Tie két qué li thuyét lam cho HS cé hing thi tim age thang qua vige lam thre nghigm. Khoi ddy cho HS tink than Ke; dt glita If thuyét véi thc nghiér ~s Bai 13*: (Dé thi tuyén sinh sau dai hoc na DHQG Ha N6i) Ngubi ta nghién etm dong hoe eta phaahim x8 phong hoa etylaxetat (E) E + NaOH > CHWOONa + HOH Néng dé ban dau cia etylax¢ ANS NaOH déu bang 0,05M. Phan ing duoc theo déi bang céch lay 10 ml lich hén hop phan img 6 timg thoi diém t va chun d6 bang x ml dung aigh 10,01M. Két qua nhu sau : t(phit) 4 15 4 37 33 x (ml) 38,6 33,7 29 29 18,5 Tim = ‘phan tng, hang s6 téc d6 phan img va thoi gian bin hiy cia phan img es OF + NaOH ~ CH;COONa + C)HsOH = t=0 fon Co e t Cora Ca x Gia sir phan img da cho Ia bac 2, ta 66: Theo phép chudn d: 10(C,-a) = 0,01x. => (C,-a) = 0,001x 20 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKémQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com t (phiit) 4 9 15 24 37 | x (ml) 44,1 38.6 33,7 21,9 2,9 18,5 ss (G-a)M 0.0441 0.0386 0.0337 0.0279 0.0229 O0I8s 3 Thay ede gid tri vio (1) ta e6: yo 4 0,668 (Lmolph" aaa ak (.mot'ph") 1a =0,656 (L.mot" ph’! “leases 0.05 Casey pad fia 0,0337 “Tae = 0,645 (Lmot'ph!) 1 ie 0,652005 Bai H>£ (D6 thi olympic héa hoc toan quée nim 2005 ~ Bing A) phan ing héahoc: — 2NOg) + Org) + 2NOrq) xO véi tée dd v=k [NOT {0.] * > Hai gia thiét dé ra: x 1) Phan img 1a don gin 2) Phan img cé cho ché sau: 2NOq == N.020) (a) N2O20) + Ora) 4 2NOrxw — (b) tn= =30,67 ph 21 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Thue nghiém xéc dinh rang khi tang nhiét dé thi téc dé phan img giam. Hoi gia thiét nao ding? Giai thich. Giii: + Gia thigt 1 khong diing vi khi ting nhiét dé thi su va cham gitta ba phan tng, nén van téc phan img tang. my + Theo gid thiét 2, giai doan (b) quyét dinh téc 46 phan tmg nén: © k. [N,0,][0,] a + ViNZO, sinh ra tir can bang (a), ta 06: ~[No} => [N,0,]=K.[No} + Thay [N,O,] vao phuong tinh (1) ta du v=k‘.K.[NO} [0, > vek, .[0,], (voi k= k'.K) ‘Két qua tinh v tring voi két Knve nghiém, chimg to gia thiét 2 1 ding. Khi nhiét d6 ting tée khi nhiét d6 ting can bing, dick ‘chuyé tang ndng dé cita NO, =Keiam Jam cho hing sé téc 46k giam, mac dik’ ting (do khdng bi kip) Bai 15#: (Bai tap chun bi cho ki thi olympic héa hoc quéc té lin 31 DHSP HaNdi) \Y ‘ in img sau due ko st 625°C rng dung dich berzen 6 chi pirdn 0,1M: QONCHION + CaHt)CCL + CHOCICHs)s + HCL A B c Quan sat tap hop duge cdc $6 ligu sau: ‘ing gidm, Phan img & giai doan (a) toa nl sang phia Lim giam néng 46 ciia NO, va ay Néng do Le Nong 46 diu At ong fal] fe]___ [Pair [M 0,100, 0,0500, 0.0000 25,0 0,00330 0,100, 0,100, 0.0000. 15.0 0.00390 0,200 0,100, 0,0000 7,50 0,00770 2 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com a. Hay tm phuong trinh luat téc dé phi hop véi cae sé ligu thue nghiém trén, b. Hay biéu dién gid tri trang binh cia hang s6 téc dé theo gidy va don vi néng dé mol. & Gi a. Téc dé trung binh ban dau: F—0,00330 =0,000132 (M.ph') 25,0 0,00390 15,0 =0,000260 (M.ph") y= 2200779 _ 9,000103 (M.ph a Khi [B] tang gdp doi, t6c 46 phin tng mS) doi nén B 6 bie riéng phan 1a 1. Khi [A] tang gap d6i, tc 46 phan img 2, ‘Ap bon nén A cé bac riéng phan 1a A Phuong trinh tc d6 sing Sere vek. [A}. [B] >k= O [FB] 1,32.107 ato} 0.0500 70264 (m01Fph) —2,60.10"__0,360 (molF’ph") (©,100).0,100 1.03.10" __ 9.958 (mot?Fph) (©.200)'.0,100 0,264-+ 0,260+0, 258 3 = 0,26 Pmof"ph" = 4,34 Pols". ap ty gia 1: © 913K, hang s6 t6c d6 phan img dehidro héa metylamin: H,CNH; > HCN + H, bang 5.10° gidy'. Tinh thoi gian dé néng d6 metylamin gidm di 2 1an. Dap s6: 138 gidy 23 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Bai 2: Dui day 1 két qua thu duge déi vi sy phan hiy glucozo trong dung dich nude: C(mol/L) 56 55,3 54,2 52,5 49 t(phit) = «045120240480 Hay chimg t6 ring phan img phin huy glucozo 1a bac 1. Tinh hing > d va théi gian nira phan img. Dap s6: 2,74.10% pl Re. 6. Ooh Bai 3: 6 25°C su thiiy phan CHsCOOCHS véi sur c6 ICI du, ndng 6 0,05 M 1a phan img bac 1. Thé tich dung dich NaOH nga hda 25em* hn hop phan tmg theo th t(phit) 0 2 Vyion (em) 24,4 25,8 a 317 47.2 ‘Tinh hang s6 tc dé va thoi gian nia ph tng, o Dap s6: k = 0,00316 phat", tin = 206,3 phuit Bai 4: Thuy phan snag nude thu duge két qua sau: Cm) 56 55,3 542 52,5 49 1 (phiit) e 45 120 240 480 a. Chimg nt Fing phan ting thay phan glucozo Ia bic 1 b. mae 86 t6c d6 phan img va thoi gian nita phan img. »’ Bap s6:k = 2.72.10" ph, o ty = 6.10° phit. AS Bai 5: Su thiy phan m6t este trong m6i kiém xay ra nhur sau: RCOOR + NaOH + RCOONa + ROH Khi ting ndng d6 kiém 1én 2 lan thi téc dé dau cia phan img cing tang lén 2 lan. Ngu@i ta cling thu duoc két qua nhu vay khi ting néng dé ciia este 1én 2 lan. a. Xéc dinh béc ctia phan tmg va dang cita phuong trinh dong hoc. b, Hida tan 0,01 mol xt va 0,01 mol este vao 1 1it nude (trong qué trinh pha img thé tich khong thay déi). Sau 200 phuit este bi phan hiy 60%. Tinh: 24 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com a. Hang sé téc dé phan ung. b. Thai gian nira phan tng. c. Thi gian dé 99% este bi phan hy. ~ Dap s6: v= k[RCOOR po tun = 133,33 ph t= 1320 Bai 6: Phan img trung hoa nitro etan trong dung dich nude duge ng phucmg trinh déng hoe: [OH] a[c,H,No,] “aE ae feano.} for 6 0°C va néng 46 dau ciia hai chat 12 0,01 M, Kea 150 gidy. Tinh hing sé tée d6 phan img. ss nita phan img bing 0,667 mo" L.giay" Bai 7: Dit kign duoi day, thu dugeatank su phan hay NH, én bé mat vonfiam: as Ap suat dau (mmHg) 65 105150185, tin (gidy) 460 670 820 Xe dinh bac cia once Dip Bai 8: Mece etan: GH, + CsHy + Hy 6 856K duge theo déi dura vao su bién thién gp'suat chung p cia hé theo théi gian 6 thé tich c6 dinh: pom 384 300 394 396 400 405 408 fic 0 ify) 0 2% SO 64 84 114 134 Ss dinh hing s6 téc dé cia phan img phan hiy etan theo phurong phap giai 6Qr phuong phip dé thi. Dap sé: k= 4,83.10" giayt éi voi su phan huy trong pha khf ciia etilen oxit 6 687K theo phuong tink: CHO + CH, + CO, thu duge két qua sau: Poe (mmHg) 116,5 122,6 125,7 128.7 133.2) 141.4 t (phiit) 0 5 7 9 12, 18 25 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com ‘Hay chimg minh rang phan img phan hiy C>H,O 1a bac | va tinh hang sé téc 46 cia phan img. Dap s6: 1.43.10? phit! eo 0: Slater di nghién ci déng hoc cua phan img gidta NazS20s va cra 6 20° C thu dude két qua sau: t(phit) 0 475 10 20 35 55 [Na8,0,] 35,35 30,5 27 23,2 20,3 186 Bai [cH] 18,25 134 99 61 32 15 Bang phuong phap do thi va phuong phap gi ing da cho fa bac 2. Bai L1: 6 50°C phan img phan hiiy clo 8 ©. CoHyN3Cl CoHyCl + No xdy ra voi néng d6 du bang 10 ~ theo doi Iugng N; thoat ra theo thai gian thu duge nhu sau: A t(phit) 6 9 i418 22 24 2 30 w Vq,(em') 19,3 26 364 1,3 45 465 48,4 504 583 Xée dinh bac cinghar Bai 12; Axjt monoctoaxetic téc dung véi nude theo phuong trinh: CICHSCDOH + H0 + HOCH:COOH + HCI Gua chuéin ¢6 cing mot thé tich mau hén hop phan img véi dung dich ‘img, hing sé téc dé va théi gian nira phan tng. Dap sé: bac 1; 1,2.10° phuit; 630 gidy. Ni luge cho nhu sau: AS vophai) 0-600-780-2070 Veson(ml) 12,9 15,8 16,5 205 a. Tinh hing s6 téc dO ciia phan tng. b. Xéc dinh thoi gian can thiét dé luong ctia ci ba axit trén bang nhau. Dap 86: a) 4,19.10°; b) 27,57 h 26 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com 13: Hang sé téc dé phan img tu oxi héa tu khir cia ion hidro bromo trong moi truéng kiém: 3B10" + BiO; + 2Br bang 9,3.10% M.gidy?. Nong d6 dau cia ion BrO™ bang 0,1 M. Tinh thai gian dé 30% lugng BrO™ mat di trong phan ting. Dap sé: 4,61 Bai 14: Fomandehit va hidropeoxit phan img voi nhau tao axit foocmic (phan (mg bic 2): AS . HCHO + H,0. + HCOOH +H,0 ©) Néu tr6n Ian cde thé tich bing nhau cia cde dung di » va HCHO cing néng 46 1M thi 6 nhigt d 33,2 K, sau 2 gid ndng 46 ef@pxit fooemic 18 0,215 M. ‘Tinh hing s6 t6c d6 phan img va thoi gian dé 90% cliddiu tham gia phan img. ip s6: 0,7544 Mh, 23,85 h. Bai 15: Qué trinh phan hy hop chai SN abn ra theo phuomg tinh sau day: CH;COCH, > 1H, + Hy + CO hing gi tri thye nghiém tf dve tong sudt thoi gian xy ra phan img da de ghia trong bing i gS t (phuit) o Ns 3 99 p [mmig] ww 408 488, 562 a. Chimg ahs hn img khao sét Ia phan ting bée 1 b. Xéegih hing s6 téc d6 cua phan img. Dap sé: b. k = 0.2563 phit” Oo i 16: Khi nghién ciru phan img héa hoe dign ra trong pha khf 6 600K: a SOC, > SO, + Ch > ngudi ta thu duge cdc dit kign sau: t(h) 0.0 10 20 40 80 160 p (atm) 4,91 5,58 632 7,31 854 9,50 Xée dinh bac cia phan tmg, hing sé téc d6 phan img, thoi gian ntva phan img va dp sudt cia hé sau 20 phat. a7 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com (i 17: Bi metylete phan hiy theo phan img bac 1: CH3):0q) > CHa + Hoy + COw 6 m6t nhigt dé ndo dé, phan ting c6 thoi gian ban hily ty» = 1550s. a. Tinh hing s6 téc d6 phan ung k b. Tinh dp sudt cia hé tai thoi diém t = 460 s. Cho biét dimetylete bi phan huy hoan toan 1 1200 mmHg. Dap sé: k = 4,45. ees) Ph; = 549.6 mmHg BBA 18: Phan mg ha hoe: 2N;0; > 4NOs + Oy Lam thi nghigm 6 30°C thu duge két qua [N.0,] M Téc dé phan SS TNI 0,170 TN2 0,340 ee TN3 0,680 QB a. Viét big thite tinh han ting. b. Tinh hang ¢. Tinh te de eaiing 6 30°C khi [N,O,] = 0,54M. x Dap sé: b. 8,176. 10°; c. 4,415.10° mol. 2. Su bién thién axetat va xtit theo thoi gian duge ghi theo bang sau: s) oO 393 669 1810 1265 xO NaOH (mol) 0,5638 0.4866 0,4467,- 4113 (0,3879 Este(mol) 0.3114 0,2342 0.1943 0,589 0,1354 ‘Tinh hing sé tc dé trung binh. Dap sé: k = 0,14 mols" Bai 20: Su phan hiy HO) trong dung dich nudc 1a phan img bac 1. Dé tim gid tri trung binh cia hang sé téc d6 phan img, ngudi ta dem chudn d6 cing mét thé 28 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com tich dung dich )» & cde thi diém khdc nhau bang dung dich KMnO, thi duge két qua sau: t (phiit) 0 10 20 —thé tich KMnO, (ml) 22,8 13,8 83 a. Hay chimg t6 phan tir HO» 6 bic dong hoc bing 1 s . Tinh thudi gian nira phan img ¢. Tinh tée d@ cita sue phan hiy H: mol/dm’, ), néu néng dé ban dau eien 01 Dap 6: b. ty yore phat ; G 600: mol(dm’y ‘phat! & Bai 21: Hang s6 téc d6 cua phan img be 1: 80:Clan > 80m +EBw 6 320°C bing 2.10°.s". Héi c6 bao nhie on tram SO-C1, bi phan hy khi dun n6ng n6 6 nbiét d6 trén trong thoi gi aoe Dap sb: 10,23% Bai 22: Khf A tr phan mga phaning: = Ag > By + Cw Toe dé cia phan img iéu dién bang phuong trinh: NY afal ox ae Vagal Trong mot pling thi nghiém nguoi ta xuat phat tir A nguyén chat véi dp suat ban dau P, = 1:0 atm. Sau 10 gidy dp sudt do duge 1a P = 1,02 atm. Tinh hang sé téc d6 phan (mg Ra thoi gian nita phn Ung t~. Sau bao lu thi dp suat bing 1,1 atm? a jan ting xay ra trong binh kin c6 thé tich cé dinh va @ mét nhiét dé 6 dinh. Dap sé: k = 0,001978 s* > tin = 350,4 s, t= 48,6 s. *: Tai 25°C phan img: 2N,Osq, — 4NOsg, + Org, 6 hang sd te db k = 1,8.10° 8"; binh kin thé tich 20,0 lit khong déi. Ban dau lugng N,Q; cho vita day binh, 6 thé phan cia NOs 18 0,070 atm. Gi thiét cdc Khf déu 1a khf If urimg: x iéu thire toc d6 phan tng v= k.Cy.o, . Phan tg xay ra trong {iém khdo sét dp sudt riéng 29 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com a. Tinh téc dé tigu thy NOs, téc dé hinh thanh NO, va O05 b. Tinh s6 phan tir NoOs da bi phan tich sau 30 gidy. c. Néu nhur phan img trén c6 phuong trinh: NjOsq) > 4NOzq) + 1/2020 thi tri s6 tée d6 phan img 6 thay déi khong? Giai thich. Dap s6: a.1,032.107 mol.t'.s"; 2,064.10” mo] 5,16.10% mol.I'.s”: 2.3. Chuyén dé 3: Dong hoc cic phin tng dng thé phitc tap 2.3.1. Téng quan ly thuyét © Phan img thugn nghich = La phan img gém hai phan img don gidn mét nguge nhau: aA + bB +... - Tée d6 phan img: (v vay: la téc d6 phan img thu pin img nghich) ~ Khi dat dén trang thai Ohay vy. c as ‘cua phan img thuan nghich kva ie hiing sé téc d6 phan tng thudn va phan mg nghich Bota img thujin nghich bac 1-1 Orrin imgténg qué: = A ee KOC. Hk, K: hang s t ax x tw asx. x trong dé: a: ndng d6 ban dau ciia chat A x: ndng dé cia B 6 thoi diém t néng d6 cla B 6 thoi diém cfin bing 30 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com a—x:néng dé ciia A 6 thoi diémt a- x: ndng d6 clia A 6 thoi diém can bing + Phuong tinh dang vi phan: & oo ice c =S2=K,C,- sa-x)-1 vache lax) Ra e K+ (Ax), voi A= dx a + Phuong trinh dang tich phan: oat) lt Krk © Phan ting song song = Phan img song song 1a phan img ma tir ro chat ban dau c6 thé tao ra cdc sin phim theo hai hodc nhiéu hudng khé - Phan tng song song bac 1-14 Y> Phan tng tng quat: we xO > + Téc dé phan img theo hudng 2: v. x + Téc dé phan img chung: Bab (an) +kyfa—a)=(k,HhNa-») oe Mack, +k at a-x 31 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com + Sau khi tich phan ta duge: k, +k, Qn - Chi dx, /dt _ dx, dx,/dt dx, Q @ + Nong dé (lugng) san phim ciia cdc phan img song song Ie voi cae hing sé téc dé cia phan img song song hop phan trong “eh mudn nang cao higu suat san pham cia mét hung phan tng nao dé, haetap ihitng diéu kién thuan ing tie téc + Tir phuong trinh (2.1) va (2.2) changepees thé xée dinh ring 1& duoe k, va k,. Cae phan img song song phite repatet x6t nhur déi v6i trudng hop phan iah@-song song bic 1 da xét. © Phin img ndi tiép - Phin tmg néi tiép Dephan img bao gém nhiéu phan img giai doan ké tiép nhau, nghia 1a, san wen in giai doan nay lai tham gia vao giai doan tiép theo. Jgi dé tang cubng hang sé téc dé cia huéng phan ) déng thoi Tam giam hang sé téc d6 cia phan img khéc. 2, nhiéu huéng...) cfing duge xem - Truong pon gian nhat 1 phan img néi tiép gdm 2 giai doan bac 1 NP ‘ & Vv A o B wee ww : Ke te ax xy y > ~ Téc dé phan img (1): v= ek a-x) 3) dt + Giai phuong tinh (2.3) ta duoc x=a(l-e*') 4) 32 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com + Nong 46 cia chat A 6 thai diém t: [A]=a-x=e™ (2.5) SS ~ Téc dé phan img trung gian chuyén héa chat B 3 ax=y) s Oe ki@-9) “ks y) oak + Thay (2.5) vao (2.6): Q CS d(x =y) kit ke kale Y) a" + Giai phuong tinh vi phan ( 2.6), ta dugc néng di 6 thai diém t: [B]=x-y=a 4 — @7) [c] 2.8) ++ Tai thoi diem eye dai: d(x=y) dt O +Tac ee ee Ss = inkioInk, xO me > ky ve + Dat r=—*, dodé: ky =kyr © * Int ga (2.9) = Ene 29) 33 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com + Thay (2.9) vao (2.7), ta c6: Waa = + Tir (2.9) va (2.10) ta cé: ~ Néng d6 cue dai cia chét B phy thude khong nhng vao gid tri tyétlg cua ede hing s6 van te timg giai doan ma cdn phu thude vao wy sb gaabehing & ), Fcang In, gid tri cue dai cia [B] cang lén va cing gin veh hoi diém bat oe O (1—e)“", hay giai doan mét 06 téc d6 rit nho, nén n6 quyét dinh téc oe ng cia qua trinh, Phan img néi tiép A > B > Cxay ra nhu phan img 1 ; ee ohuyén Adin © Phan ing quang héa va maar y chuyén, ~ Phan ing quang héa + Phan tng quang héa h < img xay ra dudi tée dung ctia céc tia phéng xa trong ving nhin th’ hoe ngoai. + Phan tg quang hé’bXay ra qua ba giai doan: Giai doan hap thy hoton: Giai doan sor Giai doa thir cép heo dinh ludt duong Iugng quang héa hoc Einstein, méi photon (lugng thy, gay ra bién déi héa hoc mét phén tir chat phan img. + ti) lige le) + Téc dé cia phan img quang héa hgc bang: ADK hc @1D trong dé: p 1a higu suat long ti: (p = S6 phan tir chat phan img chuyén héa/S6 photon bi hap thu) hC/> 1a ning long cia photon; AI 18 nding Iugng hé hap thu. Theo dinh luat Lambert — Beer: 34 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com 1d-e™) (2.12) trong d6: LI, 18 cudmg d6 cua bite xa trude va sau Kkhi di qua hé phan img: Ss k la hé sé ty 18; 118 dé day lop hap thu. + MOt vai phan img quang héa dac biét : Phan ing quang hop: Xay ra trong wy nhién Chup anh - Phiin ing day truyén + Phan img day chuyén 1a mét phan img phite tap, ae hdc véi phan img phir tap 6 ché cae phan img nguyén t6 (phan im; @ foan) cia né luén phy thude Ldn nhau, mdi mét phan tng giai doan * din dén m6t hoae mot sé phan (mg giai doan tiép theo. + Phan img day chuyén thuong phan (mg hat nhan, cracking nhiét dau - Cfie dae diém cia phan tng ‘chuyén: Phan ting day chuyén enya 3 giai doan: = trong thyc té: phin img chdy, in img oxi ha voi Os. + Gini dogn phit siMGdby chuydn (khoi mao): LA giai doan eée tidu phn hoat dong v +Giai dem ida mach: Trong giai doan nay céc tiéu phan hoat d6ng tac dung vao cée'phén tir ban dau dé tao ra sn phim phan img én dinh va mét hoae phan hoat déng moi. Néu trong mét phan img nguyén t6, mét tiéu phan tao ra mOt tiéu phan hoat ding méi thi ching ta e6 phan Ging day Gh khéng phan nhénh, néu sinh ra hai hodc nhiéu tiéu phin hoat dong mdi thi J a ‘phan img day chuyén phan nhdnh. + Giai doan ngat mach: Dé dai cia mach mét phan img day chuyén duge iép nhau. Vé nguyén tic, mach sé tinh bing s6 phan img giai doan (ngit mach) n kéo dai cho t6i khi phan img hét eée chat ban dau. Song, do nhiéu nguyén nhan Khdc nhau, céc tiéu phan hoat déng bi mat hoat tinh (bi chét), va do dé lam cho mach khéng phat trién duge nita (ngat mach). 35 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com = Déng hoc ciia phan img day chuyén: + Phan img day chuyén khéng phan nhinh (mach thing) & ‘Téc d6 ting s6 tiéu phan hoat dong bing: 3 Ban Bn aap inh trong dé: n, 1a sé tiéu phan hoat déng duoc sinh ra trong giai ‘mach, trong don vi thé tich, trong don vi thoi gian; 6 la xc xuat c&t mach; O° + [a théi gian séng trung binh ciia mét tiéu phan hoat 86 tiéu phan hoat déng thudng xuyén c6 mat moe nan, 21") ss Q.14) Dai lugng 1/6 =1 duge goi la dé daittung binh ctia mach day chuyén. DO i diém t bang: dai mach day chuyén | edn duge tinh inegdie thite: ‘Tée dé hinh thanh san na d6 phan hay tiéu phan hoat déng (2.15) ’ 7 BX wong 6¢ >, 14 thoi gian tung binh inh thanh mét tiéu phan hoat dong. D tdi lon so voi rva khi + = 1, (téc dO sinh mach bang téc d6 cat s0fe, khi d6 hé dat trang thai én dinh. Téc d6 phan img day truyén mach thang Strong ché d6 dn dinh bing: (2.16) + Phan img diy chuyén phan nhénh. ‘Téc dé ting sé tiéu phan hoat ding bing: 36 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com dn ow. dt r trong dé: Ia xe suét phan nhiinh, Sé tiéu phan hoat déng thudng xuyén 6 mat trong hé tai thoi diém t bing: (I-e"") osk Dai lugng 1/35 c6 ¥ nghia lA d6 dai mach trung binh cia gs diy b-8 chuyén phan nhénh, O trang thai én dinh, téc d6 phan img day chuyén phan sal bang: a © (2.18) Tir (2.17), khi <6; tii 16m; n 2» phan gin bing chiy (nd) O ché d6 én dinh, néng dé tim hoat si nhu kh6ng thay déi theo thoi dn gian, khi d6: an? ee 2.3.2. Cée dang bai tap © Phwong phap gi: diém chi ¥ = Nhiing diém cha gS + Déi voi phar wun nghich, 6 trang thai cén bang ¢6 Vp, = + Doi voi banip xéc dinh Vp, ting hay giém bao nhiéu lan thi dua vao phuong tinh ide, 46 dau dé xée dinh Voy + Trong phan img ndi tiép, néu k, « k, thi phan img A “5 B 25 C ae phan img mét chiéu, tré thanh phan img A —> C. AS + Trong qué tinh tinh todn néu ty. ctia phan img 1 mot hing s6 thi d6 1a Ss .an tmg bac 1, néu khong phai 1A hing sé thi khong phai bac 1. x + Trong phan img day chuyén, 6 giai doan khoi mio xay ra rat nhanh nén Iugng chat sinh ra trong qué trinh nay Ia v6 cing ft, chi yéu 1a giai doan phat trién mach, nén khi tinh tog ta bé qua qué trinh khoi mao, 37 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com dong. + Déi vai phan img day chuyén thudng 4p dung nguyén ly néng do dimg cia Bodenstein dé thiét lap phuong trinh téc d6 hinh thanh ddi v6i cdc tiéu phan hoat Ss + Trong phan img nhiéu giai doan, phan ting ndo khé xay ra sé quyét dinh Yj. x © Bai t§p cé loi giai my Bai 1: Déi voi phan img héa hoc: A B © cific hing s6 téc d6 k, = 300 gidy": ky = 100 gidy”. G thoi cite chi c6 chat A va khéng c6 chat B. Hoi trong bao lau thi mét nira Iuog)ban dau chat A bién thanh chat B? Giai: Khi cn bang er xd dinh théng qua hang s6 cn bang K: x= a -x = Ka) s “STK x 14K tg—2k___ 2.303, 2.300 = 2.75.10" gid +k; Pk =k, 3004100 300-100 ay 38 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Bai 2 : Phan img song song tién hanh theo so dd: A—4++B, A—45C ‘Xéc dinh hing sé téc d6 k; va ko, biét ring trong hdn hop cdc san pham phan 3 img c6 35% chat B, con néng d6 chat A gidm di mt nita sau 410 gidy. x Giii ‘Déi voi phin (mg song song mét chiéu bac I, ta c6: Spinnin te Tacé: ky 2 =0,538 @ Tir (1) va (2) = agsiio® giay? k, = 1,098.10" giay Aa Bai 3: Phin img song di kign: XN Khi ning d6 dui A bing 1M thi sau 19 phut ndng dé cia B 1a 0,315 M va ndng d6 ciia C RASTRS M. Tinh k; va ko. Giai:_'\“ +Viday 1a phan ung song song hai hudng bac nhdt, ta c6: a rtk, = (Voi a 1a néng dé dau cia chat A, x; va x 1a néng dé cia ax sta acinar any Xy +X) =X). x @k,tk, 1 in —_! __ 0.0365 () " {= (@315+0,185) 315 aa 2) 0,185 ® ‘Tir (1) va (2) ta e6: ky = 2,2995.10%, ky = 1,35.107, 39 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Bai 4: Khi cracking dau héa thi xng 1A san phdm trung gian. Hay xéc dinh luong xdng cue dai va thoi gian dé dat duge Inong ay khi cracking! tan dau hoa, néu biét 673K hing sé téc dé hinh thanh xZng ky = 0,283 h"' va hing sé téc dé & phan hily xing k> = 0,102 h, x Giti my + Qué trinh cracking dau héa cé thé biéu dién bang so dé sau: © AG Dau hoa > Xing —> San phim khic . (dy 1a phan img néi tiép hai giai doan bac nhét) + Luong xing cue dai thu duge tir 1 tan (1000 kg) aga 1000. (eal 202,8kg (0,283, + Thai gian dat iuong xang cue dais SS 0,10: 2 38h Bai Qs wesc néng dé chat B dat tan cuc dai sau 103 giay, cdn néng dé chat A gidm di 2 lin sau 160 gidy. xéqiiky va ky, k, due xéc dinh theo thoi gian nita phan img eta A bién thinh B. 0,693 - - ag = k= Ty =43Ll0?s Ap dung céng thire: mr 103 =O k,-k, 43110" ky ok, =4)13.10°s7 Bai 6: M6t dung dich gdm axit oxalic va uranyl duge chiéu sing bing bute xa cé 2 = 300 nm. Thue nghiém cho thay, trung binh | photon bj hap thy lim. 40 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com chuyén héa 0,57 phan tir oxalic. Tinh nang lugng bite xa can thiét dé phan hay 1 mol axit oxalic. Gi + Nang luong cla mét photon bite xa bang: + Nang luong can thiét dé phan hiy 1 mol axit oxalic Ia: = SORES A110 oO Bai 7: Dé tao mét phan tir san phdm quang hop ea nhiét bang 468,16 kJ/mol can 8 photon c6 bude séng = 6000 A”. Tin chuyén quang nang thanh héa nang. Gi héa quang nang thinh héa nang: 468,16 Ae 1590 abe thi olympic héa hoe ede tung DH todn qué nm 2005 — bang B) 10 phan img ha hoe: COrm) + HOw = H:CO; xO a. Hing s6 téc dé cla phan img thudn 1a k, = a (s"). Néu c6 n mol khi CO) sSNtrén mat nude thi sau 23 gidy e6 mot nia sé mol kh CO» da ha tan, Tinh a. 'b, Hang s6 téc dé cia phan img nghich 1a k, = 20 (s"). Tinh hang so can 100 = 29, 4% bang K cua phan img va viét biéu thitc ciia hang sé cAn bang. Gidi : a. Don vi ciia k 1a s' => phan img lA bac 1, ta c6: 4 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com * - n b. Ta cé: & = kuPeo, + Va=ka. [HCO] x Khi cn bing téc 46 phan img thudn bing téc d6 phan img nghich: = ky Poo, = ku [H.CO,] z= = k= 315.107 20 Bai 9*: (Dé thi gid dinh tuyén sinh sau dai hoc) 6 45°C, su phan hy N;Os theo phan tm N20; = NO, C6 hing sé tée d6 k= 1,2.10 a. O mbit dé nay, ngudi ta en binh phan img khi N,O; dudi ap sudt 0,13 atm. Hay tinh tée d6 dau ( . Tinh thoi gian dé sf Si0. bi phan hy. Tai thoi diém 80% N2Os bi phan hy tinh 4p sudt riéng pha Se 'N,O, va O. c. Néu phan (mig Wlroc viét lai dudi dang: 2N:0; = 2Ny Thi sii k va v thay di nhur thé nao? han img, ore thidt khi/N,O, Ia khf Ii tudng: ~ Cyo, = 8.13 ____ 005M ‘Vi hing s6 téc d6 c6 don vi Ta s' nén phan img la bac 1. v=k,[N,O,] = 1,2.10°.0,005 = 6.10° mol." b. 80% NaOs bi phn hiy trong dong véi 0,004M hay 0,104 atm. www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com 24 phiit. =P-x=P°-P,, "=013-(0.13.0,10 =0,104 atm Pro, cc. Ban dau: vi =ki.[N,O.] Viet lai phuong trinh: 2. [N,O. 2 Vay khi viét lai phuong tinh thi v>, k, déu gidm di mare at k= 1/2. ky = 0.6.1 mg binh kin thé tich 1,12 lit 6 nhiét nhiét d6 1a 400°C. Téc dé ban dau cia 14,224g jot va 0,112g hydro duge chi 6 phdng, sau d6 dua binh phan img I phan tng 1a v. = 9.10°.mol.I! we Cin 1a 0,04M va khi phan imgy Hy +b “S dat cfn bing thi Cyan = 0,06M. sau mét thoi gian (6 thoi diém t) ndng 46 a. Tinh hing s6 166 phan img thudn va phan (mg nghich, D. Toe dé t th HI 6 thoi diém t la bao nhiéu? Gilli: + \ a Phim, tinh téc dé ban dau: gees O« ‘Ch, = 0,112/2.1,12 = 0,05M. SSG = 142240254.1,12 = 005M =0,036 L.mof' ph! t=0 0,05 0,05 0 cB 0,02 0.02 0,04 4B www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com ‘Hang sé cn bang: ae GL; aon0.03 = k,=K/k, = 0,036/9 = 0,004 LmoI! pht b, Hy + = 2HI t=0 0,05 0,05 0 t 0,03 0.03 0,04 Yan) = Y= Va = Ke Cy Cy, = K Cin, = 04036.0,03.0,03 - 0,900,048)? ,6.10° mol. phut* x BAi 11*: Cho phan img héa hoe: CH;CHO + Cl CO, xay ra theo co ché: CH;CHO —* CH} + CHO cHOT 5+ CO + Ht 2) CH;CHO + HT —> cng GB) CHCOY —S4 CHY + Cl 4 CH, + CH;CHO =p HCO" + CH, 6) 2a = cn 6 1. Hay chi ra ce ait trong phan img, cho biét tén cia giai doan (2) va (3), 2. Hay chi nin pham phu cia phan ing 3. Tim'phtrong trinh déng hoc cita phan img bing céch 4p dung nguyén It xO 1. + Sinh mach: Giai doan (1) S| +Phit tién mach: Giai doan (4), (5) + Ngit mach: Giai doan (6) + Giai doan (2) va (3) Ia giai doan chuyén héa trung gian hoat déng. 2. San pham phy la H; va CH, 3. Do giai doan (1) sinh ra v6 cing ft nén Iuong CHO" va H fa vO cing ft, do d6 bé qua giai doan (1) va (3), chi xét giai doan (5). 44 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com [CH,CHO| at Ap dung nguyén ly néng d6 dimg cia Bodenstein, tée d6 hinh thanh tiéu & =k,.[CH,CHO],|CHS) “ phan hoat dong ln lwot Ia: x deal, [CH,CHO}+k, [CH,CO"|-k,.[CH3].|CH,CHO]-2k, | oS D) k,[cH,Cor}+, [cH] nase Oo @ ay (CH,CHO]—k,..CHO"] =0 s i) Lay () + + di) + dV) = 2k, [CH,CHO}=2k, [cH;} oe =|cu} = [cu]= eng Ky Y Thay vao (*) e e vont oy (E {cry cua) ‘ wy bac cita phan img 1a 3/2. sores y + Déi voi bai tap déng hoc vé phan tmg day chuyén thong thuéng dp dung .[CH,CHO], {i fen.cno] : Saver li néng d6 6n dinh déi véi cdc tiéu phan hoat déng, do d6 khi lam bai tap 2 béi dudng cho cdc em HS gidi cdc em c6 thé xéc dinh dugc cach gidi bai tap vé phan ting day chuyén khi dp dung nguyén If néng dé 6n dinh. + Bai tdp vé phan tmg day chuyén phat trién ki nang giai bai tap mot cach ne duy logic cho HS. Bén canh nhimng tmg dung to lén ctia phan tg day chuyén (ché 45 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com tao vit khi hat nhan, chon téc nhdn phan tmg, gidi thich co ché phan img...) s€ tao Inimg thi hoc tip cho hoe sinh khong chi trén phucong dién Uf thuyét ma con thoi tic céc em héing say tim hiéu kién thitc trong thye tién. & Bai 12*: Phan img phan hy nhigt metan xay ra nhur sau: CH, —*> CH) +H" CH, + CH} So GH. + H CH, + HY — ++ CH] + Hp CHD + Ho + M —5 CH, +M a. Ap dung nguyén ly néng dé én dinh déi véi C1 Q ‘H’ hay chimg minh alc, —_ 1 ring: alc#.) Wd cto] voi k=_ [Eke ss ae k, b. Néu néng dé c6 thir nguyén phan vedomn ‘vai thoi gian tinh bang gidy, hay tim thir nguyén cia k. we Gidi: a. Tirco ché phan tng. ae pilex] k, [oH ][CHy] a) at Ap dung reg néng dé 6n dinh di voi CH) va HY: ole Hy] pyfcr)+ ky [cn J[cHs|-x,[CH,|[H"]-K,[H"][cH3][Mj=0 @) ti [CH, |=, [CH,][CHt] +k, [CH.J[H"]-k, [H"]|CH3][M] = 0) a Lay (2) + 3) ta c6: k, [CH,] =k, [H"|[CH:][M] 46 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com = k,[CH,]=k,[H"]|CH3][M]= x Elers|icrso|= =(cr]= eee Thay (4) vao (1) ta e6: a[c,H, CH, i aps.) See b. (cl Wier ft Bai 13*: Dong hoc ciia phan img héa hocgidia Cl, va HCOOH trong tuéng =tcr ty =ter* ty =-( khi duoc mé ta bing phuong trinh: cl, +> 2cr (sinh mach) cl + HCOOHy—~ HCI + Hooc* (phét trién mach) Cl, + HOOGN/ + HCl + CO + CT" (phat trién mach) cr + Mr(thanh binh phan img) — CLM (edt mach) Tir eed si tinh hang sé can bang cia phan img qua cdc hing sé téc d6 cia cdc Gi f@ phan img hay rt ra phuong trinh dng hoc cia phan img gidta Cl, mR = x Tir ca ché phan img, téc d6 mat di Cl, bing: —d[Cl,} ‘at =2k, [Cl] +k, [C1,][HOOC™] wo Ap dung nguyén Iy néng dé dimg ctia Bodenstein, tc 46 hinh thanh tiéu phan hoat déng lan lot Ia: 47 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com —d|HOOC’] ae =k, [cr | HcooH] -K, (cI, | HOOC’ 9 & =e = 2k, [Cl,|[ HCOOH] —k, [CI |[ HCOOH] + k, [C1, J HOOC"]~k, [cr |[M]=0 (3) c1,]100¢"] Tur (2) Sa a pe ed ir(2) k, [HCOOH] ‘Thay [CI'] vao (3) voi M = const ta ¢6: «| _ 2k,-k, [HCOOH] = [Hoc] = ICON) Thay [HOOC"] vao (1), bé qua sé hang mela» Cl, mit di trong giai doan sinh mach I khong dang ké), ta 6: S dCi] _ 2k,k, {Cl} [HCOOH] _ ae oo -- =k(C si4COOH) Ja phuong trinh phai tim. ee Bai 14*: (Trich dé thi Hic héa hoc Ao nam 2001) Dinito pentoxit phar aly tao thanh nito oxit va oxy theo phuong trink héa hoe: ); — 4NO, + O; a. Viet bigurete ‘téc d6 phan img cia phan tg phan huy dinito pentoxit. b. Pha og phan hiy cia dinito pentoxit dién ra theo co ché sau: “N,O; == NO, + NO; Oe NO, + NO; —®; NO, + NO + O, se BNO Mids Hs 3NO; eo Sit dung nguyén ly phéng dinh trang thai ben doi vai NO va NO; hay viet 9 biéu thute téc dé the va bac cia phan tg phan hity dinito pentoxit. Gi a. Bidu thite téc a6: v=k[N,O,}° b. Tirco ché ta c6: 48, www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com a{N.04] dt v =k,.[N,0,]-k_,[NO, ].[NO,]+k, [NO].[N,O,] (ay a[No,] a =k,.[N,0,]-k_,[NO,].[NO,]-k, [NO,].[NO,]=0 Q) ro =[NO,| (K, +k,),[NO,] a =k,,[NO,].[NO,]-k, [NO].[N,0,]=0 =3[No]="2LNO:HINO] sLN,0.] KIN.O.]— K[N,0,}(4,+k,),NO, ‘Thay (3) va (5) vao (1) tae : ~~ a[N,O,] kk = St =k,.[N,0,]-k,[NO, k, 41 [1N,0, veg THANO.|-4, [NOL] = NO] mike tkp 0] > vek [NO] Vay phan img la bac 1 déi Bai tip khéng c6 loi & B \4i voi phan ha tiép: WR A+B oc néng do cuigao gid tri cue dai sau 103 gidy; cdn néng dO chat A giam di 2 Jan sau 160 gid, Xée dinh ky va ke Vv a Dap sé: ky = 4,31.10° gi Ss kp =4,13.10" gi xO Bai 2: Phan img héahoc: A —2— __B due dic trung bing ci dit kign Dau: néng 6 dau ciia A bing 0,05 M, ctia B bang 0; néng a6 cita A 6 trang théi cin bang 1a 0,01 M. Xée dinh ty s6 ky/ko, Dap s6: ky/ky = 4 Bai img thudn nghich bac 1. Thanh phan phin tram cia hdn hop phan img theo thoi 493°C su dng phan héa cis — trans eta dimetyl xiclopropan a phan gian thu duge nhu sau: 49 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com t(s) 0 45 90 225° 270 360 495 675 « Dang trans(%) 0 10,8 18,9 37,7 41,8 49,3 56,5 62,7 70 ss Tinh hing s6 can bing va hing s6 tc dé ciia phan (mg thudn nghich Dépsé: Ken = 2.33, k= 3,36.10" s, : Phan img song song: A 4 B: A. 5 C, duge dic cede dt kign sau: + Higu suat hinh thanh san phim B 1a 63%. Bai 5: Cho phan img ndi tiép: Khi néng 46 chat B dat gid tri cue. ty sé ndng dO cdc chat A va B (Ca/Cp) bang 4:5, con thoi gian dé 25: ‘A chuyén héa 1a 85 gidy. X4c dinh ky va ky. SY 38.10" gid, 10° giay Dap sd: ZA ngudi ta nip duge ring k, = 0,2 gidy” va ky = 0,4 gidy’. Nang dé dau ca A va B vay 08 M va 0,3 M. Xe dinh néng dé hic can bang x, va hing sé téc 6 k (kak bo we Dip s6: 0,06 M, 23. xO Bai 7: Phan img brom héa axit xinamic xay ra dudi téc dung cila bite xa c6 a mM 435,8 nm va nhiét d6 30°C. Phuong trinh phan ing héa hoc nhu sau: x CoH; - CH=CH - COOH + Br) — C,H; -CHBr=CHBr - COOH Khi chiéu bite xa v6i cugmg d6 1,4.10° J/s trong théi gian 1105 s thi long brom gidm 0,075mmol. Tinh higu suat lugng tir g, biét dung dich hap thy 80% nding luong clia bite xa di qua. 50 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Dap sé: g = 16,5. Bai 8: Phan tmg phan hiy NOxC1 + NO) + ; Ch: xay ra theo co ché: NO,Cl 44 NO, + cr x NO.Cl + cr 4 NO, + Ch oh ‘Thiét lp phuong trinh téc 46 phan hily NO.Cl, 4p dung nguyén Iynbag dé dimg ciia Bodenstein déi véi CI’. A i ARS 2,100.0 Bai 9: Qué winh phin hiy phéng xa mot sings, gt poloni 06 hing sé phong xa 4= 0,0057 ngay” Ss a. Xée dinh thoi gian ban hiy b. Thoi gian cn thiét dé phan hiy ots dong vi a6. Dap sé: a) 1216 ngay, b) 404 ngay. Bai 10: Phan img song wong theo phurong trinh: Dap sé BA > C ‘Xde dinh cdc hang soe 46 k, va kp, biét ring trong hén hop cdc san pham phan tng c6 35% engeB}n néng dé chat A gidm di m6t nira sau 410 gidy. x’ Dap 86: ky = 0,59.10° s'; Me 09.10% s* ) ke Bai 11: Cho phan img thudn nghich: A == B, voi néng dé dau cia A “PB B bing 0. Cho hing ‘fling s6 cn bing K = 1,12. Tinh thoi gian dé phan tmg dat trang thai can bing va wn gian dé chat A con lai 70%. Q Dép sé: 1,52.10° s vA 2,75.10's. 46 ctia phan img thudn k, = 1,6.10% st va, Bai 12: Hang s6 can bang cia phan img thudn nghich bac | bang 10. Hang Q sé téc d phan tmg thudn bing 0,2 phit', Hay xéc dinh thoi gian dé phan img dat trang thai cn bing néu tai thoi sm dau chua ¢6 san pham phan ting. Dap sO: 30 phit. sl www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com B hop: CO + Ch thi thu duoc 100 gam photgen (COCI,). Nang Ivong hé hap thy 1a 3.107 J. Tinh higu suat long tir cia phan img. ~~ 13: Khi chiéu ngudn séng c6 d6 dai bude séng 4= 4000 A° vaio hon Dap sb: 9 = wey 14: Mot binh thach anh chia hén hop 10% clo trong benzen, duge chié sdng bing 4nh sng c6 bude s6ng A = 313 nm trong 35 phiit. San phim phaadumg 1 hecracloxiclohecxan, Higu suét long tt phan ting bang 55,35; nig Iwong. qua binh phan img chira benzen nguyén chat bing 4,681.10° erg, con ninSuong di qua inh phan img trong thoi eee Tinh lung CHCl, due tao than, ian phan img dign ra bing 0,425: Dap s6: 1,8 g ‘o' +H, > on" H b> P sip pp@OE anh in) Tim ndng d6 cua 3", Trong dibu kién ndo phan img chuyén sang vang n6? Bi 16a ché nhiét phan CH;CHO 6 520°C va 0,2 bar nhu sau: CHO —4+ CHD + CHO" Oren + CH;CHO — + CH, + CH,CO* > cH,CO” —*+ CO + CHT x CH, + CH] —++ GH, ‘Tim phuong trinh téc a6 phan hiy CH,CHO, biét ring gbc CHO" 1a gbc kém hoat déng nén cé thé bé qua. Dap sé: -- 2 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com (Dé thi olympic héa hoc Ucraina nim 1999) (C6 hai phan img bac nhét ndi tigp nhau: A —> B > C ; ndng do cua & B c6 gid tri ewe dai 6 thoi diém ¢ tinh theo phuong tinh po intks fk) k,-k, a. Viet phuong trinh déng hoc vi phan cho cdc chat A, B, C. . Ti sé ko/k; phai nhur thé nao dé t bang nita chu ki chuyén 2 Hudng din: a. dCaldt = - kiCas dCp/dt = - Ca kCp: dColdt =~ oe eo Ig /y) _1n2 b. 2ty2= Inks; ti 2.4.1. Téng quan I thuyét © Phuong trinh Arrhenius - Thue nghiém chimg t6 rans 6 tang lén 10 d6. Dé dac trun; hu thude cita tc dé phan tmg vao nhiét dd, nguii ta dua ra hé so Y 6 day: Jer hing 96 t6e 46 phim img o nhiét 6 T hin : hing s6 téc d6 phan img 6 nhigt 6 T + 10 Gis tr tung binh cia y~3. Do dé khi nhigt d6 ting 100 K thi tée dé phan 3"lan. Xéc dinh méi quan hé gidta hing sé tée dé va nhiét dé: tir phuong winh x ding Sp Van’t Hoff cla phan img héa hoe: dinK_ AH qT ORT (2.19) trong dé: K hang s6 can bang cua phan ing 33 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKémQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com va ko: hing s6 tc dé phan img thud va phan img nghich AH : higu img nhiét cita phan img & R: hing sé khi 3 Te nbigt d6 K x Tir (4.1) taco: Cc AG *(2.20) _dink,-dink, _ AH av RT? - Pigg nip in hi ded ang ia. a i wong: AH=E,-E. ~ Tir (2.20) ta e6: L dink, dink, _ E, » or = ee 21 aT aT RTS ve es a ex aks OF +B x, to rang B=0. Do d6, c6 thé biéu dign tong quat cac 2 phuong trinh cia (3093) nhur sau: D> ank_ £ > qT RT Olnay k= A. e** , trong d6 A 1a thira sé Arhenius va cé cling thir nguyén voi hang sé téc dd. Dai luong E, c6 thir nguyén nang Ivong va duge goi 1a ning x Iuong hoat héa ‘© Nang lurgng hoat héa - ¥ nghia cia ning lwgng hoat héa (phuong trinh Arrhenius) (2.23) ~ Cach xée dinh ning lnrgng hoat héa: + Tich phan phuong trinh (2.23) coi E=const: 4 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com (2.24) ¢6 dang dudmg thing ( hinh 2 - 1) CS —+ > —> + TU dQ aad dinh duge B, vA ky (2.24) due biéu dién duéi dang: k=ke Or dé: ky: he sé tie xO E,: nang luong hoat héa 7 > Nhu vay, tai m6t nhiét 6 da cho néu phan (mg c6 nang long hoat héa nho Q thi hing s6 téc dé (tc d6) phan img lon va ngugc lai. D6i véi mét phan img da cho, hing sé téc dé ting theo ham s6 mi voi nbiét do. (2.25) * Ghi chi: Nguoi ta 6 thé tinh nang Iuong tir biéu thic tich phiin xc dink phuong trinh (2.23), chi can biét hai gia tri cua hang sé téc d6 k & hai nhii 35 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com (2.26) se ~ ¥ nghia cia nang lgng hogt hoa st ‘Bé thiét lap phuong tinh Arhenius ta dat: AH=E, —E, CS + Mét phan ting héa hoc 6 thé xem nhu mét su chuyén di ich A Ba0 gm cdc phan tir ban du c6 mite nang Iuong img véi trang thai 1 (dén re nang Iuong 6 trang thai II bao gém céc san phim phan (mg duge hinh. Sah ur chénh Iéch mire nang lugng hai trang thai d6 biéu hién 6 higu img wake phan img AH + Dé phan img dién ra theo hung tir I dén in mét nang long dé hé vuot qua thém nang luong E,, tai dé cc phan tr oat héa dén mire c6 thé tham gia phan ting héa hoc. Sau dé, hé cote ae thai bén ving II, va toa ra nding lugng E). Ta thay EE, = Q>0 phafinig toa nhigt. Theo quy ude cia nhiét dong hoc, Q=-AH, do dé AH=E, Phan img nghich dign Faheo con duimg nguoc lai, ngha 18 hé phi vuot qua thém nang luong E; ed Nhu vay t ig tir | 91 phan img dé xay ra hon (E,< E,), phan img nghich 1 kh6han vi he phi “vot” qua mét “qua dBi” nang lwong E> cao hon. ‘Trong pliuong tinh Arrhenius, cdc dai Iveng E, duge goi Bi nang lung hoat hia, ving hrong du téi thiéu cn thiét so véi mire ning long trung binh dé 6 thé thu hién phan ting héa hoe. Cae thuyét dong hoc vé phan img ding thé - Thuyét va cham hogt dng + Trong mét phan img ludng phan tur, cde phan tir khi phai va cham vao nhau thi mdi din dén phan img héa hoc. Do dé, sé va cham Z (trong 1 gidy, lem’) cita hai phan tir khi A va B sé li A + B 4 © san phim quan dén tée 46 v ca phan ting 36 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com + Theo ly thuyét ding hoc — phan tir ciia khi, chting ta xéc dinh duge s6 va cham gitta hai phan ta: J Pan =) tats trong dé: n4: s6 phan tir cia A trong Icm* ng: sO phan tir cia B trong Icm? k: hing sé Boltzmann (J: khéi luong rét gon cita ede phin tir va chem, ‘ma, Mp: khoi lugng phan tir cia A.B x 1g bain kinh cia hai phan tir rs, ratty + Gia thiét ring, tat ca ede va cham kép 46, ei in phan img thi z =v. + Tir d6, 06 thé két Iudn ring: ee i va cham déu 6 higu qua dan dén phan img ma chi c6 nhing va chanty thug loi moi thue hign phan ting. 4“ Do dé: QB eee wid kh6ng duoc thue nghiém thira nhén: 4c hat ¢6 dinh huéng khéng gian “) (a: thira sé khéng gian). + Tuy nhién, a hing sé téc d6 va nhigt d6 18 quan hé him mai k =k,e ** (Arthenius) séng theo gid thiét (") thi v (hode k) chi phy thude nhigt d6 theo quan né VT (vvkhi gitta phan tir A va B déu din ti bién héa héa hoc thi v =z Yn =) rn ok =n oom a) Talis = | 4 ye é phi hop véi két qua thuc nghiém thi o phai c6 gid tri =10™™ — 107 D Gisuio qué nhé lam mat ¥ nghia vat ly cua yéu 16 thuén loi hinh hoc. Vi thé, dong nang chuyén déng ciia cdc phan tir tham gia phan img mdi 1a yéu t6 quyét dinh tinh hiéu qua va cham. Goi 77 fa xdc suat dé cdc phan tir tham gia phan img c6 nang 37 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Juong bang hay Idn hon nang lugng E, (nang luong hoat héa) thi biéu thi tée do cia phan img c6 thé duge viét: Ss Tt > Pray (2.28) No 2ak v= a2 =0¢ 17 c6 thé xée dinh tir dinh lat phn bé Boltzmann: 77 =e "/"" st Déi chiéu (2.29) véi (2.30), ta c6: k=AT"% trong d6: A 1A hing s6 chita ede am rok fy phi hop véi biéu thirc Arrheinus (Kk. i sai khée mét dai lugng T'”, song 231) jéu thite (2.31) gan *IET theo nhiét do, dai long dé khong gay ra sw 028i k dang ké so voi e” = Thuyét phire chdthoat dong + Theo ly thuyét Gita Eyring va Polanyi vé trang thai qué d6 thi cde chat du va cée phic chat d6ng c6 thé disge“xem nhur mét phan tir binh thung, moi tinh chat ctia né déu tain theo ede dinh Naat nhigt dng hoc, chi Khe tinh tiéiieba trong tam, phire chat hoat ding cdn e6 mot bac tur do chuyén dong tinh \g ludn t6n tai trong trang thi cn bang; phire cht hoat oai ba bac tu do chuyén déng ing, doc theo duimg (toa dé) phan img. ‘Xét phan img tong quat: A+ BS X 5 C#D 6 day: A, B 1a ce chat ban dau X*: trang thai qué d6 hod phic chat hoat dong C.D san phim phan tng 38 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com + Gia sit, néng d6 cia phire cht hoat déng 18 Cx* ( phan tir / cm’), thoi gian t6n tai cia phite chat hoat déng tén dinh thé ndng la 7 PS + Téc dé phan img ( bién thién néng dé trong don vi théi gian): 3 @ aw T 6 thé duge bidu dign qua tc a6 chuyén déng trung binh w ai hoat dong va khoang ciich 5 t= (trong dé: u= Eile 6 day: k: hang sé Boltzmann T: mhigt d6 K ft: khéi lugng rit gon + Vi gitta ede chat du va phite a dong ludn Iudn xée lap edn bing, do d6: + Xét trong mot xin 5, Cy. Rut C,. thay Bos) 206: V ee LCi: par 233) a ‘inh todn cia nhigt dng hoc théng ké (2.33) tré thank: we kT. _kT C, xO > Hay: (2.34) (2.35) + Tir (2.35) cho thay, hing s6 toc d6 phin img phy thude vao nbiét 46, higu img Q ning luong (4. H’) va cdu hinh (4S") cita ede phite chdt hoat dng ctta phan img. 39 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com + Céc két qua cia thuyét phite chat hoat déng cé thé 4p dung cho phan img don phan tr, ludng phan tir, qué trinh khuéch tén,... 2.4.2. Cie dang bai tap Nhing diém chi ¢ - Phuong php xéc dinh E, + Phuong phap dé thi: logarit 2 vé phuong Ink = InA - LA R x dine sb pbc igar = - Ee RT Ss Vé dé thi su phu thude Ink vao 1/T. Duong bik > By=-Rig + Phuong php xc dinh hing s6 te d@¢phan img 62 nhiét d6: k, wong a] - Nhimng diém chi ¥ Sf + V6i cde bai tap tang pit d6 Ién 10°C thi Sp dung quy téc kinh nghigm cia Van't Hoff dé gi + Vi cée ip 6 sur chénh léch nhiét dé lon, diing phuong phap xac dinh hang sé téc oui img 6 2 nhiét d6 dé giai bai tap. +N “ic bai tap cho hing sé téc 46 phan img 6 nhiéu thoi diém nhiét 46. kha thi ding phuong phép d6 thi dé giai bai tap. xO + Khi bién thién entropi hoat héa cé gid tri im chimg t6 kha nding hinh thanh Sphite hoat déng kém. x + Khi dé bai cho thiza s6 A thi dua vao don vi cila thira sé A dé suy ra bac ctia phan ing. 60 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com © Bai tip c6 lai gidi Bai 1: Trong mét phan img bac nhat tién hanh @ 27°C, ndng dé chat dau gidm di mot nifa sau 5000 gitiy. G 37°C, néng d6 gidm di 2 lin sau 1000 gidy. Xe dinh: & a. Hing s6 téc db 6 27°C. No 'b. Thoi gian dé ndng d6 dau giam t6i 4 6 37°C. s ¢. Nang lugng hoat héa. » Gi Q & < 3 Vi phin img bie nht nn ta e6: kya = In2 = 0,693. => ke a6 27°C, thay s6tacé:k,,. 2a tone $9 b. 637°C, thay sé tacd: ky, = 23 6 Ih Y0~ giay” ‘re = 1000 Goi néng d6 cita chat du phan img aah a giam M4 lan ta c6: i 2: Cho phan img bac 1 6 ning long hoat héa 1a 25000 cal/mol va trong phuong trinh Arhenius 6 hing s6 k, 14 5.10'° gidy'. G nhiét 6 nao chu ki bin hiy Gi + Ap dung céng thite: Kyun Re = kas = hase 23 = 0,222: Bai 4: Cho phan ung hoa hoc: SS Aw = By + Cy, e239" cence |. Cae gid tri k, vak, sé ting gdp déi khi phan img thuc hign & wens a, Hang sé i b. Nang vase h6a déi voi phan tmg thudn va nghich. iii: | a. “ cAn bing cia phan img: as phuong trinh Arrhenius ta c6: Bai 5: Hé s6 nhiét dé cia téc d6 phan ting nghién ctru bang 3. Tinh nhiét 46 314.298.308 Se 88 tn 2 = 52807, SkI.mol™ 308-208 LSE cia hé phan img cén phai tng Ién dé téc d6 phan img ting 80 lan. 62 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Gia: T, +Ta cé: ny & ‘ ; 1880 _jg.9y° x + Thay s6 vao ta c6: Te-T)= 10.7 = 39,91 » Bai 6: Phan tng trong pha khi gitta NH, va NO; trong giai doan daug’lphan ling bie 2. Q° a. Tinh nang luong hoat héa cia phan img RQ b. Tinh hang sé k, cia phuong trinh Arrhenius. oO Biét 6 nhigt d6 600K va 716K, hang sé tée d6 phan Qe gid tri tuong img bang 0,385.M7.s™ va 16.Mst © Gi a. Tae6: (ae = a) 716 600, > B, = 114778 b. Tacé: Y S 114778 Ink= xSP Ink, = 1n0,385= iBirsso 10’ M )phan ting lung phan tr phin hay HI: 2H > Wh +h ng thue nghiém nguoi ta xdc dinh duge hang sé téc d6 phan img: ; k=Ae FT = 5.10%" mol em?.s) xO Hay xéc dinh s6 va cham va thira s6 dinh huéng (thira s6 khéng gian) P theo Sy thuyét va cham, cho biét phan tir HI cé dudmg kinh bang 3,5A° va khdi luong x mol M = 128, nbiét d6 thi nghiém 1a 556K Gi + Ap dung c6ng thite tinh thira s6 trude lay thira theo ly thuyét: Ay =4.Nqdiy-(7RT/Myn) 63 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Ay, = 4.6,02.10".(3,5.10*)".(3,14.8,314,10°556/128) 9,93.10"° cm’.s! Ri ble 1 va duge dic tung béi ede gid tri sau: 6 25°C, AH’ =31,768 kJ.mol va AS” =-39 d.v.e. Hay ain hing s6 te d6 phan img 6 nhigt d6 wen, 2) Gia: + Ap dung c6ng thir: + Thay s6 vao ta 66: Bai 9: Déi voi hay mot chat hau co, thira sé tude Idy thira trong phuong trinh At ’A = 2,7.10'' s'. Tinh bién thién entropi hoat héa & 530°C. Giai thich ¥ naoretia gi tri tim dage. Git; V S ‘eRY nouyen cia thita 36 A chimg 6 phan img phan hiy 43 cho 18 bie 1. So ifh)phuong trinh Arrhenius voi biéu thite tinh hang s6 téc d6 phan tmg theo thuyét )hire chat hoat dng ta c6: AT pies AT y14AS'/R 1,388.107°.803 © AS’ =RUnA-In£. * b 6,625.10 =8,314(In 2,7.10" —In -1) AS’ =-42,7 J.mol'.d6" 4 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Bién thién ciia entropi hoat héa ¢6 gid tri am chimg t6 kha nang hinh thanh phite hoat déng kém. Bai 2.7.10"' gidy". Tinh bién thién entropi hoat héa 6 530°C. x Giti my Tir don vi cia thira sé A cho thdy phan img da cho Ia bac 1, ta c6: © 0: Déi voi sur phan hiiy este etylvinyl, thira s6 trude ldy thira bing ast enA=tn a: R sas =n (na-n*t.) oe 6,625.11 Bai 11: (Dé thi tuyén sinh sau dai hoe, H Hué nim 1999) C6 phan img xay ra trong dung sign Cd + NaorKS tham gia phan img bang nhau. Dé mot nira mg chuyén thanh san phim 6 32°C can 906 phiit. pli |H,OH + Nal Néng d6 ban dau cia he Iuong ban dau cia cde chat a. Hoi 6 60° ting chuyén thanh, er Cho biét hé s6 tc d6 cita phan ting 1a 2,83. . Tinh nog long hoat héa cia phan iing. ot, Toet8 tia phan img duoc tinh bang céng thir sau: > v= hoy: Con =KC AS Hay thiét tip phuong uinh tién hé gita hing s6 te db k, thi gian phan * ig. Tir dé tinh hang s6 téc d6 k & hai nhiét d6 44 néu trén, néu ndng dd ban dau ctia x méi chat tham gia phan img déu bing 0,05M. Gia: a0 lau dé mét nita Ing ban diu cla cée chat phn Eg a, Dov == nén t (1; = 333K, T; = 305K) 65 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com b. + Tacé: k, 906 _ E, a : ‘ao > 3 E, =8,314,-233-305_4, 906 n> =87,976 J/ mol. 333-305." 49 AG . * Chiy, Oo + Khi gidi ee xong bai tdp vé ning lrgng hoat héa, HS hiéu diege vai tro quan trong eiid>nang long hoat héa trong cde phin img héa hoc, img dung cia nang Iu howe héa adi véi phan tmg héa hoc: néu khong c6 se can ctia nang lego héa nhiéu chdt gidu néing lieong nlue glucide, lipit cn cho té bio sé fig bén vieng va dé dang xay ra phan tng... Tie dé hinh thanh cho HS hing thi ™ Say mé tim tdi, ham hiéu biét thé gidi quan xung quanh. Dar dén thi d6 hoc tap tich cuc theo neéng van dung li thuyét d@ hoc vao thc tién. Bi |2*: (Dé thi olympic héa hoc Ao nam 2005) a. Cho phan tng héa hoe: BrO5 (ay + SBF ga) + OH) > 3Bryq) + 3H:Op, 66 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Tée dé cia phan img cé thé do duge dua vao su phy thude néng d6 dau cia cdc chat phan img. Két qua ciia thf nghiém duge cho 6 bang sau: ‘Thi nghiém Nong d6 cde chat diu Vo (mol BrO;/l.s) & BrO; Br Hw 1 0,10 0.10 0,10 2 0,20 0,10 0.10 3 0,10 0,30 0,10 4 0.20 0.10 0.15 a. Viét biéu thite téc dé phan ting héa hoc. 2) b. Hing sé téc dé cita phan img héa hoc: © GH Bry > GH + HBre) c6 Ta k = 2,0.10° s' 6 650K. Nang lung hoat héa ciia phan img 1 BE, i SsA¥mol. ‘Tinh nhigt dé ma 6 dé tc ES d6 ma 6 dé téc dé ctia phan img ting x Gi a. + Biéu thite tinh tbe do ra img: v=kC;,, “. + Thay céc gid tri tbe asda @ cde thi nghiém ta c6: (0,1)°.(0,0° =1,2.107 a wei 0,2)*.(0,1)°.(0, 1) = 24.107 Q) Ng (0,1)°.(0,3)° (0,1) =3,5.10° @) is (0,2)*(0,1)° (0,15) =5,4.107 @) ee @:0) sa= ASM +lay@):) = + Lay (4) : (2) >e=2 Vay biéu thie tinh téc d6 cia phin img: v=KC,,. God 1b. + 6 650K c6 téc dé Ia v, hiing s6 tc d6 1 ky +O nhiét dé K téc dé tang 3 lan = hang s6 téec d6 ting 3 Ian (ky = 3k) + Ap dung céng thite: 67 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com =1,5385.107 —4,0505.107° => T= 668K. © Bai tap ty giai Bi img tir 20°C dén 100°C, bét hé sé nhiét 46 ca téc d6 phan img binga © Dap sé: 26 lin Téc d6 phan img sé tang Ién bao nhiéu lan néu tang nhiét dea phan Bai 2: Phai tién hanh phan img & nhiét 6 nao dé. phan img giam xudng 10 lan. Bét hé s6 nhiét dé cia téc 46 phan img bifig 25 va nhiét d6 dau ctia phan img bang 50°C. Ss Dip sé: 25°C NaOH 0,05M, thyc hign duge 50% trot ‘ha hét mot nita luong este 6 35°C, om mhigt d6 cia t6c d6 phan img bing 2. e Bap s6: 2,97 phi a téc d6 phan img phan hity HI 6 700°K, dudi ap cham bang 3,5.10'° m va E, = 184 kJ/mol, thé tich khi Bai 3: 6 10°C phan tng gira dung cm 0,05M véi dung dich 8 phit. Xéc dinh théi gian dé xa phong Dap s6: 2,073.10° mof'.Ls! J 5,8.107 mol.I'.s" BAS: Hang sé tée d6 phan hy HI & 280°C bang 7,96.107 phit'; & 300°C 26.10° phiit'. Xéc dinh nang lugng hoat héa, hing sé téc do & 290°C va hé a 6 cia tée 4 phan img. ye Dap sé: 185,6 kJ/mol, 2 1,63.10° phiit', 2,02. Bai 6: Phan img phan hiiy nhigt mot hop chat A & 378,5°C 1d phan img bac nhat. Thoi gian niza phan ting 6 nhiét d6 tén bing 363 phiit. Nang long hoat héa cla phan img bang 217 kJ/mol. Xac dinh hing sé téc 46 phan img 6 450°C. Dap sé: 0,1011 phat'. 68. www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Bai 7: Nang lugng hoat héa ciia phin img phan hiy HI bang 183920 J/mol Xe dinh s6 phan tir HI c6 nang Ivong dit dé phan hiy tir | mol HIG 500K. Dép sé: 3,674.108 phan tir & 6 25°C mét phan img da cho sé két thiic sau 2,5 gid. Chap nhin hé x nhigt d6 ca tée dd phan ing bing 3, hay tinh nhigt db ma tai d6 phan img alk thie trong 20 phit. Bi Ree 462°C ‘D6i voi mét phan img da cho , hing sé téc do 6 lon gap doi ne 2 Dap s6: 53 kJ/mol. hang sé téc d6 6 25°C. Tinh ning lugng hoat héa. Bai 10: Su phin hay mt hop chat A trong fich 1a phan ung bac 1 voi nang luong hoat héa 1a 52,3kJ/mol. 6 10°C du 10% chat A phan hiy duoc 10% trong 10 phiit. Hoi mite dé phan huy say-20 phit cua dung dich 20% chat A 6 20°C Ia bao nhiéu? Fm Bai LL: Xét phan ing pha & sau fa phan tng bac 1: NaNO, — 4NO; + 0; Bang thyc nghiéiipngudi ta di xdc dinh duo hang s6 toc d6 phan ting k 6 rn trong bang dusi day: Dap s6: 36,2% \ 0 35 35 45 55 KL) 1.72 6,65 75,0 240.0 «Soc dinh nang luong hoat héa E, ota phn img. Oe Tannen 7 cla phin img 6 30°C va thoi gian bain hity cla phan img. SS Dap sé: E, = 103 kL/mol 7 =3,75 Lin = 20263 s. ‘uat phat tir chat A phan hity theo hai hudng A+> B A> C a, Cho biét higu sé nang Iong hoat héa cua hai phan img trén bing bao nhiéu néu ty s6 ky/k = 10 tai 10°C va 0.1 tai 40°C. 6 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com ‘b. Trong hai phan img xay ra thi phan img nao c6 ning long hoat héa lén hon. Dap 86: By) — Exay = 113,0 kJ/mol > Eun ~ Bai 13: 6 404K hing sé téc d6 cla mét phan img don phan tir bing 4,1 Loy s. Biét nang lugng hoat héa E, = 108 kJ/mol. Tinh AS’ & nhiét d6 trén va gia » Dap s6; it mol) 10! nel Ls". Tink Két qua tim duve. Bai 14: Mét phan img bac 2 & 300K cé thira sé A = AS’ 6 nhiét dé trén -40,3 J/(K.mol) Tinh AS* cua phan ting héa hoe: 1 NO + Hh > = & 827°C néu hing sé téc d6 bang 1 ; ‘va nding lugng hoat héa E, bang 184 kJ/mol. we QB Dap s6: -72 /K.mol. Bai 16: Duong kinh y; x trung binh cia phin tir Hp va Ib bang 2.10% cm, tinh hing s6 téc décia: «HS + bb > 2 HE © 700K néu jon ng hoat héa bing 166,2 kJ/mol va thira s6 khong gian P bang 0,47. x’ Ay: Dap sé: 38 cm'/mol.gidy. ‘Mot phan img héa hoc xay ra trong diéu kién ty dién bien va trong digu xtic téc. Bién thién entropi hoat héa va nang lugng hoat héa trong diéu iGaQU dign bién lon hon trudng hop e6 xtc tée tuong img 18 10 J/d8.mol va 10 ww mol. So sanh téc 46 phan img trong hai trudng hop 6 25°C. Ye Dap sé: vi/v2 = 5,89.10, © Bai 18* : Dé nghién ciru dong hoc ciia phan tng thiy phn: RX + H,O + ROH + Ht + X Q ngudi ta sir dung mét dung dich RX trong dung méi hin hop ancol — nude néng dé C, & nhiét 46 T. O mdi thoi diém t ngudi ta My ra 5 ml dung dich va chudn 70 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com d6 lugng H” tao thanh bang dung dich NaOH 0,0125M. Goi v 1a thé tich dung dich NaOH can dé chuan, ngudi ta thu duge két qua sau: t= 25°C; C,=0,076M th) 4.0 12,0 29.5 v(cm') 3,75 10,0 18,90 1=8°C; C,= 0,094M th) 35,5 126,5 2765 v(cm') 3,95 12,15 21,75 a. Xée dinh bée phan img va tinh hing sé tée 46 mene °C va 25°C. b. Tinh ning lugng hoat déng héa cia phan tng Di oe °C, ky = 0,0329 h" 8°C, ky = 331.107 ht ‘Huong dan = + Vi phan img thue hién trons ‘méi hén hop ancol — nude, néng dé nude Ién, c6 thé gia thiét phan tn; oe 1 fic 1 thi dinh luat t6c d6 1a : + Chimg minh néu pha sO) alex] dt =k[Rx] + Phuong rinks hoe dang tich phan tuong img 1 t VOI C= Cy-[H"] va [H"] =0,0125w5 Ve . ek dp dung bang sé déi voi 2 thi nghiém thi sé thay phuong trinh déng bop i Bin mg bac 1 duge nghiém ding. AS pai 19%: (8 thi tai BATH Bristol) % S Gia ti thuc nghiém ciia hing sé téc dé phan tg phan huy N: D6 aurge ghi o trong bang dusi day: tC) 0 25 45 65 k(phit") —4,7.10° 2.0. 10° 3.1 3.10" Can ctr vao cée gid tri da cho hay x4c dinh nang Iuong hoat héa E, (kJ/mol) E, = 103,1 Kj/mol. 1 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Hung din: Muén xée dinh duge nang lugng hoat héa cita phan img phin hiiy N,Os ta 4p dung phuong trinh Arthenius: k= A. ‘Tir phuong trinh Arrhenius tim méi quan hé gitta k va T, xy dung 46 thi Jogk véi 1/T théng qua sé ligu dé bai c6 dugc. 2.5. Chuyén dé 5: Dong hoc cde phan ing di thé 2.5.1. Tong quan li thuyét © Sy khuéch tan Mot qué trinh di thé thudmg bao gdm nhiéu giai doan, piin)img xay ra trén bé mat phin céch pha thuding bao gdm, ft nhit, 3 giai do: x + Van chuyén céc chat tham gia phan img di + Téc d6 khuéch tn vy, duge dinh nghia 1a lugng chat chuyén qua mét don QD! _vithdi gian, qua mot don vi tiét dign khuéch tn, (2.36) trong dé: dn: lugng chat khuéch tan; dt: khoang thoi gian khuéch tan; 2 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com S: tiét dién khuéch tn (véng géc vai huéng khuéch tn) (2.36) doi khi cdn goi 1a dong khuéch tan P + Téc dé Khuéch tén phy thude vao dé chénh Iéch néng dé. DS chénh lech ccAng lén thi su khuéch tén cing nhanh va thuén loi. x v=P= ite pst Sat dx ° s; bién thién ndng 6 theo hudng khuéch tan x, D: hé sé es tan. ix + Dau trir dé vy 1A mét dai long durong, vi theo huéng khG@h tin x, dC <0. 1 thi vi = D, nhu vay, D 1a van téc oe trong diu kién d6 chénh Iéch néng d6 bing don vi. (2.37) Ia bigu thire todn cua din luat Fi Ay vay, mat dO dong khuéch tan ty 1é thudn véi gradient ndng 46 ~ - Dinh luat Fick I ee Dinh luat Fick I cho biét es qian hé gitta ndng d6, thoi gian va khoang cfich khuéch tén. Xét sur khuéch tin s&s dign S, = cmt theo truc x. $; céich S, mét khoang dx trong mot thai gian cé mét Ivong chat P; qua S). Mét phan cita Py €6 thé Iu lai trong.Qhé tich Sid va mot phin P2 (P2 < Pi) di qua S>. Higu s chat khuéch Ss PcPp die tich ty trong mot don vi thoi gian trong thé tich S.dx = dx. Do 6, dong ndn; ng thé tich dx bién thién mét dai luong la dC. Luong chat tang lén trong KB ies dx sau théi gian dt bing dx.dC. Trong mét don vi thai gian, lugng chat tang E (a) () B www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Tir (a) va (b) ta 06: (Fr. (5 J x =a,a lA khoang céch khuéch tin. (2.38) 1a biéu thite todn cia dinh Iudt Fick I. Nhu vay, te db biénthien’ ndng dé ty 16 thudn véi dao him bac 2 ciia néng d6 theo toa a6. Dinh ws i phan 4nh méi quan hé vé téc d6 bién thién néng dé v, ) ws Qin khudch Oo it d6 chénh léch di . sa ict (22) 3 - Dong hoc khuéch tan én dinh + Dinh nghia: 6 1a trudmg hop khi luongyghat khuéch tén di vao nguyén t6 thé tich dx ding bing luong di ra. Do 46, nine “ta chat khéng bién déi theo thoi gian, nghia 1 (%) =0 ee + Phuong trinh dong 06: SO oe 7 Sat 3 a (2.39) + Ung dung: iw) ‘Dua tap chitebo dé bin din nhim tao cdc loai dan khdc nhau va di 6 dn cia ofc Wp. t& su chuyén déng va van chuyén céc chat pha tap, tap chat trong mdi khién ant gt d6 cao cia ede bude cong nghé ché tao mach vi dign ti. AS © Dong hoc mét sé phan ting dj thé ~ Dong hoe ede phiin tng bé mit Xét phan img xay ra trén bé mat pha rin (R): Aw + R — San phim + Téc dé khuéch tan ( vj.) rat nhd so véi téc dé phan tmg bé Mat (Vpn) Mia © Vpn 4 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Gia sirnéng d6 A trong pha khi 1a C;, trén bé mat ciia R, ndng do cia A TAC, = 0, Vi Vir € Vpuiw nén chat A chuyén dén R bao nhiéu thi phan img hét bay nhiéu. Do 6, téc dé ca phan ing téng cng vp. dure quyét dinh bai Vi & G-¢ x a -\ Néu v= 2.c,=k, @) © 3 Vpa= Vin = De (a) A phan img bac 1. Vi k= Pa nén thuc chat k 1a mot sng tdn. Khi khéo sét anh hurémg ca nhiét d6 dén tc 46 hin a 6: eek ded Oo a gid Khuéch tin. HE s6 bin d6i nhigt cia D chi a PY trong d6: E14 ming luong hoat héa c Khi nghién ctu mét phan ing ithe néu thu duoc mot gid tri no thi cn ‘kiém tra xem phan Ung cé bi khong¢hé boi khuéch tin hay khéng. + Téc dé khuéch tan ale xi téc d6 phan ting bé mat (¥en): N Vie = Vos +Ta c6 téc ch tan: D Ke w= PUC-C.) dos # 0) K Vou GIG -C. Vv 2 Rs aS ree d6 chung ciia qué trinh bang téc dé cia timg giai doan riéng ré: ac, =k, (hang s6 téc dé khuéch tan). (Cy = Cy) = Kperome-Ce (d) Rut C, thay vao (d) va bién didi, ta c6: Ky Kt ee (2.40) 1s www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com Néu ta goi k 1a hang s6 tc 6, 1/k 18 tré Tue thi vy, = Vpubn ta C6: troy Tue cita phan img chung bang tong tr luc cita timg giai doan. + Téc dé phan tg bé m&t (Vpubm) rat nh6 so v6i toc 46 khuéch tén (v) Vpn Vie Vi vy rat Ion, nén C2 = const Vpe =k = const (241 » Phan img 1a bac khdng. Téc d6 phan tng luén 14 mét dai lug@g khong ddi theo théi gian. O - Ce mién phan img + Mién déng hoe: La truéng hop khi tée 46 oti tiy héa hoc 1a chim nhdt va né quyét dinh tc d6 chung cia toan béyphan img xiic tic di thé. Vpuiom(Kputsm) €& Via Kia) N6i chung, mién dong hoc thuéng tn-Wi 6 cée Khodng nhigt d6 thap, nang cao nhiét dé, phan tmg sé tién dn vao pan ju4 d6 ri dén mién khuéch tén. ~ Dong hgc ede phan ing ss + Phan ing xtic tic khf ‘Tang quit \SE=., san phim sq AS Pl Phuong trinh di ve ne woe at “To = Kntmba Pa = KPa (2.42) ‘ong hop (2.41) khi by hodc P, Khé nhé, nén ba.Pa << 1 xO trong dé: Pa 1a 4p suat cita chat A trong pha kht ‘ba hing sé hap phu cua A. Trong diéu kién @, (phan bé mat bi hap phu béi chit A) nh, phan img 1a bac 1 déi voi chat A. ‘Truong hop by hodc Pa khé lén, baP, > 1 thi: (2.43) 16 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com + Phan img xtic téc long - ran: Vpo= “ = Kpubmta = Kyte K.C!" (2.44) (v6i a, = 22 =K.C%* , trong dé : a, 1a ndng dé bé mat hop chat tan A bi m phu béi mét don vi khéi long chat xtic téc ran, x 14 luong chat tan A bi hing 1a khéi lugng chat xiic tc, Cy 1A néng d6 cn bing cia chat tan A og le ‘dich, K van la cdc hing s6 Freundlich) RQ CH (voi = const) oO ‘Trong phan img xiic tac long - rin, chi khi t6c e6yech tén khd nho thi Come > Vpe= phan img s@ 1a bac 1. cdn da s6 phan img ¢6 bée phi 2.5.2. Céc dang bai tap © Nhimng diém cin cha ¥ + Voi céc bai tap ¢6 su chénh Iéch ogiins dé thi 4p dung dinh luat Fick I dé ial bai tap. A + Khi bai tap khong c6 En léch vé néng d6 (néng dé cia chat tai mot diém) thi tich: D.t = const. + Véi cde bai tip xde d6i vOi céic chat inh nang luong hoat héa khuéch tan, hé sé khuéch tin HifE}GS Khe mhau thi Sp dung cOng thie tinh ning lwong hoat hia Khuéch tn 6 At it d6 8 gid bai tp (tong tw phuomg php xée dinh hing 86 tc d6 phage @ hai nhiét d6). t9p 6 loi gia ei Cho mot miéng sit dat 6 nhigt 46 700°C (1300 F) trong moi trudng re phfa giau cacbon va phfa kia nghto cacbon. Trong diéu kién trang thai dimg, ily tinh déng khuéch tén cacbon di qua miéng sit biét néng dé cacbon 6 vi tri 5 mm va 10 mm bén du6i bé mat duge cacbua héa lan Iuot fa 1,2 va 1,8 kg/m’, hé s6 Khuéch tin 6 nhiét d6 nay 12 3.10"! m/s. ‘Theo dinh ludt Fick L ta c6: n www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficialwww.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon ‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon ac ax Thay cde gid tri twong img vio ta duge: =-G.10'm? /s), (5.107 -107)m, @ V=24.10" kg/m’.s, Bai 2: Hé sé khuéch tén ctia Cu trong Al & 500°C va 600°C img 1 4.8.10" va 5,310" m’/s, Tinh thai gian 6 500°C dé tao ra cing kér4ye khuéch tan (vé néng 46 ctia Cu tai mét diém A) nhu khi nung 6 600°C wong @h Gi 2 Trong c4 2 trang hop khuéch tan (500°C 2 Go do thanh phin bing nhau & cing vi tri nén: ss C=C, x Coe OSE 5 yp eS = pewst = DS const = Dseotsoo _D, ‘v6i thuec tién rat lén. Niue qué trinh thiét ké 16 phan tmg hat ich tdn img dung trong y hoc, trong cong nghé dién - dién nit... Tit db, HS’sé c6 thai dé hoc tap tich cue két hop hoc tép gitta Ii thuyét gdn lién voi tl ién. O'bai 3: 6 909K va 1250K, hé 6 khuéch tén ciia Cu trong Au tuong img 1a 10°54 ya 10" m/s. Xéc dinh ning Iugng hoat héa khuéch tan va hé s6 khuéch Se Dy, Eu( 11 Dy. Ew = =exp|-—=| —-— = Ig] Dy, RIT D,,) 2,303 (7, B www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta = 36702,42 J/ mol => By, =36,70242 kJ / mol Taco: Ib, =1gp+ Fe __ = gio 4 __3670242 2,303. RT 3208-8314904 y A oO = Do= oP m/s hay D = 4.57.10" m/s. Bai tp ty giai Bai 1: Tée dé hoa tan etia CaSO, trong nude & 298K Sepln dura nhir sau: www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com ‘Thoi gian th 0 0,08 0,167 | 0,20,200 Nong d6 CaSO; trong nude, g/l | 0,08 0,984 1132 hgbcia CaSO, 6 298K bing 2,094 g/. lay lop khuéch tin 5 = 5.10%m. Hay Thé tich pha léng | lit, néng di Be mat ciia miu CaSO, la 31,55 cnr. xéic dinh hé s6 khuéch tan. & Dap Bai 2: Téc dé hda 4 0,091 mdlg/Ls img véi khoding thoi gian lam cho néng dé cia axit giam di 4 so véi ndng dé ban dau. Di ndng d6 axit thém 1/4 ndfa thi can thé gian fa bao nhigu? Dap s6: 39 ph 32s. Bai adreo! etylic bay hoi trong méi tudng hidro, c6 hé sé khuéch tin 6 T = 303K 4a 6.4673 cm*/s, 6 T = 323K 1a 0,5465 cm’/s. Xéc dinh hé s6 khuéch tin ced etylic 6 T = 313K. aR Dap sé: 0,5067 cm’/s. > Bi [oa tan mot miu CaCl c6 dé mat 5 cm? trong 100 ml nude cat. Nong x d6 cia CaCl dat 165 g.1' sau 30 phiit. Cho ring tong sudt qué tinh hda tan dong khuéch tén én dinh, tinh hé s6 Khuéch tn ctia CaCl, trong dung dich. Biét d6 tan cia CaCl trong nude 6 nhigt 4 da cho 1 600 g/l, chiéu day eta lip khuéeh tan bang 5.10% cm. 3,6 bh, 5,7.107 cm/h, m6t mau dé hoa cuong trong axit HCI IN bang Dap 86: 5,3.10° cm” phir". 19 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial‘www.twitter.com/daykemquynhon www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon www.google.com/+DayKéemQuyNhon www.daykemquynhon.blogspot.com 2.6. Chuyén dé 6: Xtic tic 2.6.1. Téng quan li thuyét © Khai nigm chung + Su xtic tée: La hign tuong gia ting tée dé ca phan ting nho tée dung ows mit chat xtic tie. = Chat xiic téc: La chit lam bién déi tbe dé phan img bang cach th: yao. cdc giai doan phan img trung gian, sau phan tng luong va ban chat eee eta chat xiic tée khOng bi bién déi. Chit mio 1am giém nang lugng hoat gaya nd 58 06 tée dung xiie tée tit nat. Ve ~ Chat xe tée lam tang t6e dé ela phan img goi Se xiie tée duong, lam giim téc d6 phan img goi Ia chat xtc téc am. sig ‘tie xay ra gitta chét xtic tac cing pha véi cde chat tham gia phan ing gy ic tae dng thé, nguoc lai 1 dang hop chat trung gian xtic tac dic bit, c6 dic diém: + Rat kém bén, thoi sag GPa ngan, khong ton tai trong dung dich ma chi duge tao thinh trong qué 0 + Lacde ogee mat, khong t6n tai thanh mét pha déc lap, tinh chat cia cchiing rit khic v © Xtie te ding thé : Done hoc cdc phan wng xtic tic ding thé 4 t phan ung tong quit: ic t fp chat tn tai trong pha thé tich. xO A+B 4K =% (ABK)) —~ Sinphim + K (@) ~ + Gia sit c6 hai chét A va B t4c dung voi nhau khi c6 mit chit xtc téc K. DP" Gita A.B va K tao ra mét phe chat hoat ding (ABK)". Sau dé (ABK)" phin hy thanh cae san phdm va hoan nguyén tai chat xtic tic K. + Theo ly thuyét phite chat hoat déng thi gitta cdc chat dau va phtre chit hoat dng luén tén tai cn bing, ta c6: 80 www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial Suu tam b6i GV. Nguyén Thanh Ta ‘www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial