Senior High School

Pre - Calculus
Module 2:
Conics: Circles

AIRs - LM
LU_Pre-Calculus_Module2 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module2
STEM – PRE - CALCULUS
Module 2: Conics: Circles
Second Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written
permission from the copyright owners.

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 Senior High School

Pre - Calculus
Module 2:
Conics: Circles

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this
module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for
better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to
answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided
for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing
each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 Target

A conic section (conics) can be described as the intersection of a plane

and double – napped cone. The four conics are circle, ellipse, parabola, and
hyperbola. But, in this learning material, you are going to learn the first type
of conics and that is the circle

A circle is considered as a special kind of ellipse. Circle was

introduced to you when you were in the Junior High School in your
Geometry class. A circle is defined as the set of points equidistant from a
fixed point called the center.

This learning material will provide you with information and activities
that will help you understand about circles, its equations, and graphs.

After going through this learning material, you are expected to:
1. Define a circle. (STEM_PC11AG – Ia - 2)
2. Determine the standard form of equation of a circle.
(STEM_PC11AG – Ia – 3

Learning Objectives:
1. Recall the general and standard form of a circle.
2. Identify the center and radius of a circle.
3. Transform the general form of an equation of a circle into its
standard form.
4. Graph the circle in a rectangular coordinate system.

Pretest

Directions: Read carefully each item. Write only the letter of the correct
answer for each test item. Use separate sheet of paper.

1. Which among the following is defined as the set of all points equidistant
from a fixed point, called the center?
A. circle B. ellipse C. hyperbola D. parabola

2. What is the center of the circle given with the equation x2 + y2 = 49?
A. (0,0) B. (0,-1) C. (-1,0) D. (1,-1)

3. What is the radius of the circle given with the equation x2 + y2 = 49?
A. 7 B. -7 C. 49 D. -49

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4. What is the center of the circle given with the equation 4x2 + 4y2 = 16?
A. (0,0) B. (2,2) C. (4,4) D. (0,4)

5. What is the radius of the circle given with the equation 4x2 + 4y2 = 16?
A. 16 B. 8 C. 4 D. 2

6. What are the coordinates of the center of a circle given with the equation
(x – 2)2 + (y – 5)2 = 16?
A. (5,2) B. (2,5) C. (-5,2) D. (-2,5)

7. Find the center and radius of the circle with the given equation
(x + 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 11.
A. C (-3,4) ; r = 11 B. C (-3,-4) ; r = 11
C. C (-3,-4) ; r = √11 D. C (3,4) ; r = √11

8. Find the equation of the circle with the given center C(0,0) and radius
r = 2.
A. x2 + y2 = 2 B. x2 + y2 = 4
C. x2 + y2 = 6 D. x2 + y2 = 8

9. Find the equation of the circle with the given center C(-4,0) and radius
r = 6.
A. (x + 4)2 + y2 = 6 B. (x + 4)2 + y2 = 36
C. (x + 4)2 + (y+1)2 = 6 D. (x + 4)2 + (y + 1)2 = 36

10. Find the equation of the circle with the given center C(0,4) and radius
r = 5 units.
A. x2 + (y – 4)2 = 25 B. x2 + (y + 4)2 = 25
C. y2 + (x – 4)2 = 25 D. y2 + (x + 4)2 = 25

11. What is the graph of the equation x2 + y2 = 81.

A. B.

C. D.

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12. What is the graph of the equation 5x2 + 5y2 = 125?
A. B.

C. D.

13. What is the graph of the equation (x+4)2 + (y-3)2 = 16?

A. B.

C. D.

14. Find the equation of the circle graphed.

A. 4x2 - 4y2 = 64
B. 4x2 + 4y2 = 64
C. x2 + y2 = 64
D. x2 - y2 = 64

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15. Find the equation of the circle graphed.
A. x2 + y2 - 6x – 2y + 9 = 0
B. x2 - y2 - 6x – 2y + 9 = 0
C. x2 + y2 - 6x + 2y + 9 = 0
D. x2 + y2 - 6x + 2y - 9 = 0

Jumpstart

Activity 1: Meet Me at the Center with my Radius!

Directions: Determine the coordinates of the center and find the radius of
the circle with the given equations. Use separate sheet of paper.

Equations Center Radius

1. x2 + y2 = 36
2. x2 + y2 = 121
3. x2 + y2 = 4
4. 7x2 + 7y2 = 343
5. 4x2 + 4y2 = 25
6. (x – 2)2 + (y – 5)2 = 16
7. (x – 3)2 + (y + 1)2 = 49
8. (x + 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 11
9. (x – 5)2 + (y + 1)2 = 9
10. x2 + y2 – 12x – 10y = -12

Discover

A circle is considered as a special kind of ellipse (for the special case

when the tilted plane is horizontal). The conic section formed when a cone is
cut by a plane parallel to its base (with this plane not passing through the
cone’s vertex). The point C is called the center of the circle, and the common
distance is called the radius. The term radius is both used to refer to a
segment from the center C to a point P on the circle, and the length of this
segment.

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 Let us consider the two figures below:

Figure 1 Figure 2

Source: Teacher’s Guide in Grade 11 Pre-Calculus

In figure 1, the center of the circle is at the origin (0,0) and in figure 2,
the center of the circle is not at the origin or C(x,y) denoted by (h,k).

The equation of the circle with center at (h,k) and radius r is given by:
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2.
This is known as the standard form (or center – radius form) of the
equation of a circle.
If the center is at the origin, h = k = 0 and the equation becomes
x2 + y2 = r2.
Expanding the standard equation of the circle into general form
becomes Ax2 + By2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0, A ≠ 0 or x2 + y2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0

Circle Centered at the Origin:

Example 1: Find the equation of the circle with the given center C(0,0) and
radius r = 6, then graph the equation.
Solution:
The equation of the circle is
x2 + y2 = 62 or x2 + y2 = 36.

Drawn from Graphmatica

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Example 2: Find the center, radius and equation of the circle B in Figure 3.

Solution: The center of the circle is (0,0).

The radius is 2. C
The equation is 4x2 + 4y2 = 16
or x2 + y2 = 4
B

Figure 3: Drawn from Graphmatica

Circle Centered at (h,k)
Example 3: Find the center, radius and equation of the circle C in Figure 3.
Solution: The center of the circle is (-4,3).
The radius of the circle is 3.
From the standard form of a circle, (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2, we have
[x - (-4)] + (y - 3) = 32 is equal to (x + 4)2 + (y - 3)2 = 9.

Example 4: Find the center, radius and equation of the circle graphed.
Solution: The center of the circle is (2, -3).
The radius of the circle is 3.
From the standard form of a circle,
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2, we have
(x – 2)2 + [y – (-3)] = 32 is equal to
(x – 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 9

Drawn from Graphmatica

Circle in Standard Form and General Form
Example 5: Identify the center and radius with the given equation
x2 + y2 – 14x + 2y = -14. Sketch its graph, and indicate the
center.
Solution:
Arrange the terms: x2 – 14x + y2 + 2y = -14
Completing the square:
x2 – 14x + 49 + y2 + 2y + 1 = -14 + 49 + 1
Square of a binomial:
(x – 7)2 + (y + 1)2 = 36
Center (7, -1), r = 6

Note:
In completing the square, divide the middle
term by 2, then square the quotient (3rd term).
Add the quotient to both sides of the equation.
Drawn from Graphmatica

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Example 6: Find the center and the radius of the circle with the equation
9(x + 3)2 + 9y2 = 1. Sketch the graph.

Solution:
Convert the coefficients of x2 and y2 to 1.
9(x + 3)2 + 9y2 = 1
1
(x + 3)2 + y2 = 9

Drawn from Graphmatica

Write the equation in the form (x-h)2 = (y-k)2 = r2.
1 2
[(x – (-3)]2 + (y – 0)2 = ( )
3
1
(x + 3)2 + y2 = 9

1
Thus, the center C(-3, 0) and the radius r = .
3

Explore

Activity 2: C and r for You!

Directions: Determine the standard equation of the circle given the center
and radius. Use separate sheet of paper.

Center Radius Equation

1. (0,0) 2
2. (-4,0) 6
3. (5, -1) 3
4. (0,4) 5
5. (5,3) 2

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Activity 3: Let’s Go Around!
Directions: Complete the table below.

Equation Center Radius Graph

x2 + y2= 64 1. 2. 3.

4. (0,0) 𝟓 5.
𝟐

x2 + y2 – 12x – 10y = -12 6. 7. 8.

9. (-2, 3) 10.

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 Deepen

Performance Task:
Activity 4: Circles Around Me!

Directions: Look around you. Can you see the beauty of the world, our
environment? Can you see circular objects? If so, capture at least 5 best
objects that represent circles. From the five captured pictures/objects, select
one of the best pictures again and draw it in a short bond paper. Tell
something about the picture drawn in any of the following: poem, hugot line,
song, or slogan that relates to circles. A scoring rubric will be your guide to
your output.

RUBRICS

Criteria 3 2 1
Obedience The student The student The student did
(Following strictly followed slightly followed not follow
Directions and the directions the directions directions and
Timeliness) and submit and submit did not submit
output on time. output on time. the output on
time.
Organization The student The student The student
(content – poem ideas are clear ideas are slightly ideas are not
/ song / hugot throughout and clear throughout clear throughout
lines / slogan) are linked to the and slightly and are not
drawing. linked to the linked to the
drawing. drawing.
Craftsmanship Neat execution, Slight Unable to
exhibits excellent deficiencies execute neatness
output evident in the of work / output
output

Creativity / Design is unique Design is quite Lacks many

Resourcefulness and shows expressive; has design elements
resourcefulness some unique or interest. Not
of what he sees features. much attempt to
at home / show
environment. individuality.
Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=

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 Gauge

Directions: Read carefully each item. Write only the letter of the correct
answer. Use separate sheet of paper.
1. Which among the following is a special kind of ellipse?
A. circle B. ellipse C. hyperbola D. parabola

2. What is the center of the circle given with the equation x2 + y2 = 121?
A. (0,0) B. (0,-1) C. (-1,0) D. (1,-1)

3. What is the radius of the circle given with the equation x 2 + y2 = 121?
A. 7 B. 9 C. 11 D. 13

4. What is the center of the circle given with the equation 10x2 + 10y2 =
1000?
A. (10,10) B. (5,5) C. (1,1) D. (0,0)

5. What is the radius of the circle given with the equation 10x 2 + 10y2 =
1000?
A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40

6. What are the coordinates of the center of a circle given with the equation
(x – 2)2 + (y + 9)2 = 1?
A. (-2,9) B. (2,-9) C. (-2,-9) D. (2,9)

7. Find the center and radius of the circle with the given equation
(x + 5)2 + (y - 3)2 = 36.
A. C = (-5,3) ; r = 6 B. C = (5,3) ; r = 6
C. C = (-3,-5) ; r = 6 D. C = (-3,5) ; r = 6

8. Find the equation of the circle with the given center C(0,0) and radius
2
r = 5.
2 2
A. x2 + y2 = B. x2 + y2 =
5 25
4 5
C. x2 + y2 = D. x2 + y2 =
25 2

9. Find the equation of the circle with the given center C(0,-2) and radius
r = √5.
A. x2 + y2 + 4y – 1 = 0 B. x2 + y2 - 4y – 1 = 0
C. x2 + y2 + 4y + 1 = 0 D. x2 - y2 - 4y – 1 = 0

10

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 7 3
10. Find the equation of the circle with the given center C(4, - 4) and radius
13
r= units.
4
7 2 3 2 169 7 2 3 2 169
A. (x + ) + (y + ) = B. (x - ) + (y - ) =
4 4 16 4 4 16

7 2 3 2 169 7 2 3 2 169
C. (x - ) + (y + ) = D. (x + ) + (y - ) =
4 4 16 4 4 16

11. What is the equation of the circle given the graph below?

A. x2 + y2 = 4
B. y2 = x2 – 16
C. x2 + y2 = 16
D. x2 + y2 = 1

12. What is the graph of the equation x2 – 10x + y2 = -4?

A. B.

C. D.

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13. In what quadrant can you locate the center of the equation 2x 2 + 2y2 +
8x + 4y – 3 = 0?
A. I B. II C. III D. IV

14. What is the center and radius of the circle in the equation
x2 + y2 – 8x = 0?
A. (0,4); r = 4 B. (4,0); r = 4 C. (0,4); r = -4 D. (4,0); r = -4

15. Use completing the square to find the center and radius of the circle of
the equation x2 + y2 + 6x – 2y – 3 = 0.
A. (-3.-1); 13 B. (-3, -1); -13 C. (-3, 1); √13 D. (-3,-1); √13

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Answer Key

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References
Printed Materials:

Department of Education, Unit 1: Definition and Equation of a Circle, Pre –

Calculus Learner’s Material (pp. 8 – 12). Pasig City, Philippines

Department of Education, Unit 1: Definition and Equation of a Circle, Pre –

Calculus Teacher’s Guide (pp. 9 – 19). Pasig City, Philippines

Chua, Simon L. et al. (2016). Lesson 1.3: The Circle, Soaring 21 st Century
Mathematics, Pre – Calculus Grade 11 (pp. 26-31). Quezon City, Philippines:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Pelias, John Gabriel P. (2017). Lesson 1.1: Introduction to Conic Sections

and Circles, Pre – Calculus, (pp. 6 – 10), Quezon City, Philippines: Rex Book
Store

Vibal Group, Inc. (2020). Module 1: Reading 2 (pp. 13 – 15)

Website:

Circle: Retrieved: July 23, 2020 from

https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/circle.html

Basic Information about Circles: Retrieved: July 23, 2020 from

https://www.mathplanet.com/education/geometry/circles/basicinformatio
n-about-circles

Definitions Related to Circles: Retrieved: July 24, 2020 from

http://www.math.com/tables/geometry/circles.htmInt

Worksheets in Conics: Retrieved: July 25, 2020 from

file:///C:/Users/HP/Documents/Conic%20Sections%20Practice%20Test.pd
f

The Geometry of a Circle: Retrieved: July 25, 2020 from

file:///C:/Users/HP/Documents/circles.pd

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