Solubility Solubility Equilibrium 1 Solubility Product Considen a spanit Wy soluble. salt My Ay memains in equi- librium with its satunated selution in waten at a tempenafunc. T whene in the soln it dissociates as — z My Ay == am 4 oa (sod) oO soln This equilibnium is called solubility equililonium - Under this condition of solubility equilibrium, the chemical. pelewtial of the solid salt o P= U, Pe + OL pe > PR=awA(K RT Ino) +9. (pL + rTna_) whene pu, is the chemical palenbial of the. cafion unden the experimental condition § fl, is “the slindand chemical poterdial. Simi fe 4 fo ane. those. fon. amion - ae a_ ane the activities of cation § anton. nespedively within the soln . AL given tempendlune., Be he FL one eonsfards mee PE ao cont of RT ‘ e geen temp. alt a2” = conilast af a ghen dempendhine This condi! is the activity solubility product (Ks) 2. 3, Ke = a yk see © Let ¢, moles/titre be the solubility of the self in pune wdlen Curt. = % ra Cae = OHSi tf * . (a ') | whene f, ff ane the ie coe fficiewls of = (Cs) (eJ” (S; y the cation 4 anton in pune usiten wedium, aaa $f is the. mean imie #4 ce ERPS) (A) (BE) activity coefficient in Me ah walerr mediue . > kk =(3 a pure. s= Oe) OL) Py “8 dvede® L Suppose im a medium covftaining am indiffenent electnolyte. ( hoving no ion common with the ions denived from the Spaningly soluble salt), the solubility of the above Sporingly soluble salt, My Ay is ‘s’ moles /litve - Proceeding in am amalageus mannen os above oO GP (P ---- @ where f, is the meam jonie activity coeffieient in presence of an indiffencsit electrolyte. « At a. constant tempenatune since Kz has a onsfant value , contend smseee @O4@ (>) ( (~~ (sY(é at = eB)" (+) yes) (a y isyny = TE)Whene I" is the ionic strength of the soln. im pune waten $ I is the ionic stength of the solv. in presence of the. imdiffenent electnolte. . A = constant at a given Jompendlune at a given medium (Debye —Huckel constant ) ‘igo Wee tor< es) = tye ve smee T > T. s>s, Hence the solubility of sparingly Soluble salt is ineneased im presence of am indiffenenit electoalyte which has no iow Common with the ions deniyed from the sparingly soluble salt This phenomenon is known as “Salting in L m. * Tn Presence of a commen ion the solubility @ of a Spaninaly Soluble salt is deoneased. This can be shown as below: Considen AgCl as am example of a spaningly solulale. salt. Let $ moles/litre be -the solubility of the. satt im pune. waten . Agee (3) =P gh + i lk: Carty =s [u-J =s Solubility product ky = CATS Ted oy Kg = = @ Let the solubility of Agee im a medium whieh is x (M) with respect to cc~ be 5! moles /litreCaqt] =s' Ce“ = st+x Ky = s'(st+x) ke= sie s'n -----@ At a condlant tempenstune , as the solubility product of a salt is a constant Companing equa. with equa, @) 2 So = s!o+ six Salting Out: The solubility of Non—pelan solutes in polax solvents is dee- Reased im pmesence. of an electrolyte This phenomenon is known as satting out Reason: In polan solvents , elecinolyte molecules dissociate 4 produce ions. The ios, so produced become. solvated depending on the. Polarizing powen of the fons. As a mesult some solvent molecules become immobilized . That means) +he numben of free solvert molecules ane deeneased § in emsequence , the solubility of the non-polar solute is decncased. Mp A, == pm taal” ia ae (solid) a TF 'S' males /litve be the. selubility of the salt , then CM™] = ps Ca“) = qs b =.7° J. Ke = Cmte? Can") Po P+e = (est (rss = phy- eq, Cay (Poy), => Fen} 2 Poy 3 a ks = [eat*]”. Crag” J = (35). (2s) = ors® Problem? Ch hes © solubility product of 2x07". Cafeulate the solu bility of Agel im 0.1(™) Het solution. Solution ¢ Let, the solubility of Agel in Hei solution is 's' moles/litme [Ag*} = 5s fen] = stan ke = (Cagt) fen] = axe” s(sto1)= 210"? “S's veny low , so (Sto-1) = Ol s (ot) = 12 x10? ie 7 gS .bexte = 2 xe or " Problem: The solubility of Mg Coy in pune welen is 12.1079 mole fit amd that in O-l(m) Natl is 13 x io? Compare. the tonic Strengths of the solutions. Solution : S, = 12 x10 7 mole /Litme . ["* = + [ ba wion3 (2) ha x ¥(2)7] = 0.0048Tn presence of ot(myNac , $= | 3x10? moles / litre I= +[ Vea io Ie (2)84 13x10 3 (2)% + 0-1 (1)24 0 ay] = 60-1052 I >> 1, : - &- In the mamufactune of Natt dry Hel gas is bubbled Hhnough impure Solution of Nact (Brine solution) - Why 7 fs On pessing Hel gas through the bnine soln, Het is dissol ved im the medium and produces by dissociation Ht & Cl”. As a nesult, without making any increase in the volume. of the Solution , the conceritaation of et~ iom is imcneased » Solubility - product of Nact is ven high Sinee Natl ts a highly soluble salt in waten. With gradual increase in the cencesiaction of el” due to the bubbling of Het gas when Crary. Cee] becomes qnesten than the solubility product of Nacl . pneci- pitation of Nott takes place. The solubility product of othen metal chlonide salts present in the bnine sel. is gneaten than kK, of Natl amd as a nesult these mefale othen thaw Na ane not pnecipildted as chlentde salts. S- Ina ledboncttony expenimesd , Commanly the neaction Nag @0, -+ Cath, ——> CaCO, + 2Natl takes place But in the eqypliom lakes . the revense meaction ‘takes place . — Explain Ans? The neadlion is: nevensible neaction. In egyptian lake the conecertnation of Natt is veny high so that [re , €0,) [acts] in “si labonadony neaction . And “that is why CaCd, combines with [Naet] [eacos) is gneafen than the equilibaium constant KNoct fo produce Na C0, £ Cacl, . As im the eqyption lake -the ayounl of No,CO, So produced gees above the solubility of Na, C0, Nay 00, qs deposited on the shone. of the lake . 4