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    28 views35 pages

    LESSON 1 - Introduction To HTML

    Uploaded by

    Wyn Christian Rebanal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 35

    Web System & Technologies Lesson 1

    What is the Internet?


    • Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks that links
    millions of computers used by businesses, the government,
    educational institutions, organizations, and individuals using modems,
    telephone lines, television cables, and other communications devices
    and media
    • A network is a group of two or more computers that are connected
    together to share resources and information.
    • The Internet backbone is a collection of high-speed data lines that
    connect major computer systems located around the world
    • An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that has a permanent
    connection to the Internet backbone.
    What is the World Wide Web?
    • The World Wide Web, also called the Web, is the part of the Internet
    that supports multimedia and consists of a collection of linked
    documents
    • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a set of rules for exchanging text,
    graphics, sound, and other multimedia files
    • Web pages are pages of information on the Web
    • A Web site is a related collection of Web pages
    • A home page is the first document users see when they access a Web
    site
    Web Servers
    • Web pages are stored on a Web server, or host, which is a computer
    that stores and sends (serves) requested Web pages and other files

    • Publishing is copying Web pages and other files to a Web server


    • After the page is published available for viewing by anyone in the
    world on the Web
    Web Site Types and Purposes

    • Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is the buying and selling of goods


    and services on the Internet
    Web Browsers
    • A Web browser, also called a browser, is a program that interprets and
    displays Web pages and enables you to view and interact with a Web
    page
    • Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox
    • A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the address of a document or
    other file accessible on the Internet
    • https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp

    • A hyperlink, also called a link, is an element used to connect one Web


    page to another
    WHAT IS HTML?
    HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
    HTMLis the standard markup language for creating Web pages HTML
    describes the structure of a Web page
    HTML consists of a series of elements
    HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
    HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a
    paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
    A SIMPLE HTML DOCUMENT EXPLANATION

    The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this documents


    is an HTML5 document
    The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
    The <head> element contains meta information about the
    HTML page
    The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which
    is shown in the browser title bar or in the page’s tab)
    The <body> element defines the document’s body, and is a
    container for all the visible content, such as headings,
    paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
    The <h1> element defines a large heading
    The <p> element defines a paragraph
    WHAT IS AN HTML ELEMENT?
    An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:
    <tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>
    The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
    <h1>My First Heading</h1>
    <p>My first paragraph.</p>
    Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements
    are called empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!
    WEB BROWSERS
    The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML
    documents and display them correctly.
    A browser does not display the HTMLtags, but uses them to determine how to display
    the document:
    HTML PAGE STRUCTURE
    Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:

    Note: Only the content inside the <body> section (the white area above) will be displayed in
    a browser.
    HTML HISTORY
    Since the early days of the World Wide Web, there have been many versions of
    HTML:
    HTML EDITORS
    A simple text editor is all you need to learn HTML.

    Learn HTML Using Notepad or Text Editor


    Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTMLeditors.
    However, for learning HTMLwe recommend a simple text editor like Notepad (PC) or
    TextEdit (Mac).
    We believe in that using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.
    CREATINGYOURFIRSTWEBPAGE
    Step 1: Open Notepad (PC)
    Windows 10:
    Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen). Type
    Notepad.
    Step 2: Write Some HTML
    Write the following HTML code into Notepad:
    Step 3: Save the HTML Page
    Save the file on your computer. Select File > Save As in the Notepad menu.
    Name the file "index.htm" and set the encoding to UTF-8 (which is the preferred encoding
    for HTML files).

    Tip: You can use either .htm or .html as file extension. There is no difference, it is up to you.
    Step 4: View the HTML Page in Your Browser
    Open the saved HTML file in your favorite browser (double click on the file, or right-
    click - and choose "Open with").
    The result will look much like this:
    HTML BASIC EXAMPLES
    HTML Documents
    All HTMLdocumentsmuststart with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPEhtml>.
    The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.
    The visible part of the HTMLdocument is between <body> and </body>.
    Example
    THE < !DOCTYPE> DECLARATION
    The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to
    display web pages correctly.
    It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).
    The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.
    The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    HTML HEADINGS
    HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
    <h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:
    Sample Code: Output:
    HTML PARAGRAPHS
    HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:
    Sample Code: Output:
    HTML LINKS Output:
    HTML linksare defined with the <a> tag:
    Sample Code:

    The link's destination is specified in the href


    attribute.
    Attributes are used to provide additional
    information about HTML elements.
    HTML IMAGES
    HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
    The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as
    attributes: Output:
    Sample Code:
    HOWTO VIEWHTML SOURCE?
    Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
    VIEWHTML SOURCE CODE:
    Right-click in an HTMLpage and select "View Page Source" (in Chrome) or "View
    Source" (in Edge), or similar in other browsers. This will open a window containing the
    HTML source code of the page.
    HTML Elements
    An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag.
    HTML Elements
    An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:
    <tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>
    The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
    <h1>My First Heading</h1>
    <p>My first paragraph.</p>

    Note: Some HTMLelements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are called empty elements. Empty
    elementsdo not have an end tag
    NESTED HTML ELEMENTS
    HTMLelements can be nested (this means that elements can contain other elements).
    All HTMLdocuments consist of nested HTMLelements.
    The following example contains four HTML elements
    (<html>, <body>, <h1> and <p>):
    Output:
    Sample Code:
    EXAMPLE EXPLAINED
    The <html> element is the root element and it defines the whole HTMLdocument.
    It has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
    Then, inside the <html> element there is a <body> element:
    <body>
    <h1>My First Heading</h1>
    <p>My first paragraph.</p>
    </body>
    The <body> element defines the document's body.
    It has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
    Then, inside the <body> element there is two other elements: <h1> and <p>:
    <h1>My First Heading</h1>
    <p>My first paragraph.</p>

    The <h1> element defines a heading.


    It has a start tag <h1> and an end tag </h1>:
    <h1>My First Heading< /h1>

    The <p> element defines a paragraph.


    It has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p> :
    <p>My first paragraph.</p>
    NEVER SKIP THE END TAG
    Some HTML elements will display correctly, even if you forget the end tag:
    Sample Code: Output:

    However, never rely on this!


    Unexpected results and errors may
    occur if you forget the end tag!
    EMPTY HTML ELEMENTS
    HTMLelements with no content are called empty elements.
    The <br> tag defines a line break, and is an empty element without a closing tag:
    Sample Code:
    Output:
    HTML IS NOT CASE SENSITIVE
    HTMLtags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>.
    The HTML standard does not require lowercase tags, but W3C recommends
    lowercase in HTML, and demands lowercase for stricter document types like XHTML.
    ENDOFLESSON1

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