One of the most famous classical philosophers, Plato set forth ideas that stand as the

foundation of psychology, politics, and many major philosophical questions.

Plato was first to advocate “immortality” of the human soul through his works Republic
and Phaedrus. These books take on the concept of the ideal formation of the city, and
Plato draws many important parallels between the human soul and the meaning of
political structures. The differentiation Plato traces between the body and the soul was
radical during his era and is one of the earliest forms of “mind-body dualism.”
In Phaedrus, he states that the soul is without internal parts and hence immortal,
whereas in Republic, he states that the soul has a complex structure and conflicts
between three parts―the reason, the spirit, and the appetite―hence this theory is
called Plato’s Tripartite Soul Theory.
Plato divides the human soul into three parts: the Rational, the Spirited, and the
Appetite. The Rational part desires to exert reason and attain rational decisions; the
Spirited part desires supreme honor; and the Appetite part of the soul desires bodily
pleasures
Plato explains through metaphors, and associates the human soul to comprehensive
theory of the human psyche and an individual’s designation within the wider society. He
defines a moral individual as the one who has attained supreme control over the spirit
and the appetite through his rationality.
The Rational- symbolizes the mind and represents the ruling class, a rational mind
thinks, analyzes, and gauges options for the best outcome of any given situation. It
denotes conscious awareness and works for the benefit of the entire soul, thus making
it wise.
The Spirited - symbolizes the heart and represents the military class. Courage is the
highest virtue of the spirit, and it’s associated with bravery, honor, and overcoming great
challenges.

The Appetite- symbolizes the stomach and represents the commoners, desire is ruled
by sexual gratification, greed for money, comfort foods, and various other necessities
that mostly take up an individual’s life.