Sampling Techniques andDestgn o Baperinenle Paper cee eee for Sampling, Petnetpal steps in a Sample survey, Types’ of Gan le_survey ) sampling and nonsampling errors, hl pling ~Subpctive, Probability and‘ Mixed Samplingmetho pee Sirey le. random sampling’: Thtreduction and Basic concerts, stimation ‘of ‘Bputation mean and variance tn case Of-SRSWRand aes with illustrations <3 unit Te Seratifted sampling and systemalte sampling®) proportid wnat ane Optivnium cullocation, of le cizes my ctyratt: Vahion,. Variances tn -thece methalé) comparison of SRSWOR, SRSWR, Stratified Sampling 7 Systematic scenpling : . . MERTEN: Ani lyste de Varlance one wory classification and : two way classification: wile ene observation per cett amale ib bith tables, Potnetples of Papestmentation. trdestan dr expert Uae indorsed Block Dest VIED e- Completely Randomised Dest my, Radom ak eT Latin Square Desiqny one, missing obcervation techniqueu~ RED: 3, : and Lis-Dy factottal expertmenlt< wo 27 declan aind adecin Inone ofthe above Scanned with CamScannerv Dnvtvoduetion :~ tool ~for, tests “i analysic of variance fs a powerful chai , Of Stonificance: The tests: of significance: ih ot a '. Af Iniyicance distebution Jy an aadeguel eae only for testing the > ctanift meant. ignificance of -tke difference. between two to conctler ae iation when we have three ov ™Pre Samp pinccts aenatine \ eure & need {) Som 4 ha samples re, Arawn om -the “came popular, es en a A some. mean fo example, five fertilizers are capi to four plots. each of uch and, yield OF wheat on each of the plot ie given: We nal interected tn finding out whether -the olfect ofthese tert on the yielde & significantly different Cor) Tn other words,,. | ohelker the i = agnta sty J Oo erette sd Lory i a 4 Scanned with CamScannerFo 325 (yy-hoede =" > Alsy-h) ae : > Sy F Sim Siti? p >Buy ina Hilt ) > $4,.- rere 3) ot atone Here, eq’s tier) are calted Normal ea sf ektc onl Thus, dhere are s+l normal canst bisno + possible, *s" moamal equations are finde te estimate StI paramelérs with only $ @ uations. We have to put a Linear restriction etre | Substitating, thao restriction tre eqiltd{ 2d) WEG iru ’ jependon "4 (O05 y. ~rspaso fle J. ah tith Qs 4. = rm tt; : ‘ Me il vEE = Yj, -7M r ~ SA Mee n 1% Find Sum ot Squares Aue te the pavanit ye and ty: “Seno squan due te p= AACE =) Uy a | nde 2c leaieactoty it | the degrees of Sreedorn fox + Sumot Squares ducts tes > “the degrees of freedom ~fr this ic S-1 : , ‘atone of Squares = Asay Halehe QU) s & 6 yrees 4, freedom for; this is ws- 1 16 ne une of Squares = Qa = Q— Qy ' The degrees Phe or us sere 7. "scanned with CamScannerSource of| __ vartadtton| Subclasses | S-1 arvor — Fstrt) Be Total | FS—I DE Fe 2 Prthen we accep the Wh Iho va eh Los"dtherwise Woe reject HE My ee TP My ts accepted, then we tone tRod-.att he sla effects areequat- . "ANovA for oneway elactthication t— (whl unequal no-of ghcervattons th fin os sabes) Data; = kee | fMeie’ \ 8u Yor iF Yin Yor \ Yia Yo3 i ood bY ssi . Sn ‘bs Yas -- - - Yi --- = - SS r : ' 1 ' 1 \ : ‘ ' ' i ; Sir Yor, UB Oy Ysts The mathematical model is ioe Yu = peti where t= (y213/- 2-8) d/pe i973) +=- : te observation to i®subclass Es ~ General mean “4; = effect of t *cubelass Ey = Random erron fn oH Wehave, fi = 45 -HoH tbs tere, the nail hypothesis 4 “be dated Hot tie etyeta= trey all the subclasses effects are. Ais qlvenky IR" the Residual suro of snares and ts ag a ie 2H lyse ty el ? Now, we have a ectimale the, tenkenown «parramerers onbrbontt We have. to portly erent “tort Sr Joti le by mining and equate “them ‘fg zero": oa Scanned with CamScanner where ij and exit (oie?) ‘ Jhand +gah! > FSM FAT 2 Yor MAY Hank an R . Wd whe? > aS lyp Met) CN = 2 Sylyy Moti =e i oe > Syy- Gh am 2 gyi SNe Sti an et FO ont eT 1 fone a | Here, eq”s WE» are’called Normaleqy ohtch. on! “thuc-there are stt normal equations ROweal equations are Andependent So wd ectimate sti parameters with $ indepe Leo vr We have to put a Unear restriction ati ae | Substituting this rechiction th e048 we 4 |W Ya Mar * 0 Tosind, gam of squares: due to the. parameter, fran ty $° Sumof squares chert = Sil Jay Mi : the degrees of freedom, for this fe°4" © Sum of Squares clue tej = aA 2 Nese 2 i Scanned with CamScannerlotaloum or squares = s 4 y the degrees of Preedi oh tate u amr eam chsquandds Qi=Q-ay 45 dy-treeclom=foe this ix an -S, p~CRSQ oss ables oxi “etd: ; a $s Sos sgha Poalvalue Piapvalue "Sibcs ea Ere ee a ris a is Sa. A svdgnrs) mi tn TT ep Ue. c py then we accept Hy at t% Leos: otherwise we * | Veject Hes DE Hy te accepted ; then we. conclude that Altthe subleases eects are equal: A test war given b Hve students taken at-vandom fom the BR clare oy Uree sehools 4 atoww Tu. individual scores ates School: 9°71 G5 Q Schol@: 7 4 5.4 * school? £55 6 7 bate Caxry out the Sipe Vorance- and stale Atp's There ie 10 Sgntttant ct Btference blu le. School T School: | school ix. Lu sion + ‘your. «Corel effects ot aschaole Mere g=no-otsehools =3 q q 6 P= no- of students =5 4 ye 5 } Ge: Ss 6 s a q 3 5 & , : 35 2 Bo ory R= = BB _ yo = BxB Ss due te school = Syytu enk 7 2 430° _suoe ye a5ct = S5p-5uo, == > = 43 95 ~¢ Ey : ears “Eee Bae Pe yaes! ae GSH Ce EEE EAT Abo 5 sps-syo = a8 = VL Q2= Q-Q w Scanned with CamScanner13 Te J otal ol as Hin ot BE opt the Ho Tag Here, Peal ¢ faa, value, then wwe accep! Srcance cl ference We conclude thal there Uno Signi 4 the effects of zcchools ' a ts 0" D A test was given to 6 students taken at ell the 4 "elas 4° 5 schools ef actu: The tneltvidual Sores § School Ps 12 1G IS, Io MF QI Pyiag = 2016 School: 1% ya aR HOP tg on School fi: . 14 Ig 18 I 1% ppsspoe! W: Is ‘ao 18 1H Is 14 School: ay iq is 13 ie fon) Carry oul tie fnalcis oF Variance and Give your ae Ho: ‘There ts mo significance difference blW the ener OF eal SchoolT school school school H school Z ‘ Here 2 17 Ws 4h ssho-otcehal 12 14 (2 a0!» - Tenoi-dyctudeni i= *loclh BOR is: Teno en lo art jot s rool i 4 144 i HE ee 20 40 46 aa lol 103 YRq= yew CF= YF yequusn / Te ge 3 ayaa = 1940-4 &S due ty sthool = AU ee 4 = : 4 4 = 90 $9694 H101 103" 4710-4 | =e f s Ys 1927 ~ 797067 = “1987-83 -1910-7 - FITZ @p fotal ss = 34 yp “Preece te ded eal atte Zz , rae PIE y a ray 3 hy { 1A | = 8265-7907 = awara.. “'S 4ue Emer $8 = Q2-0-@ ~ gay.3— eB S27 Z 2? ww Scanned with CamScannerINE VTA Le BV dt. ay q Meg. Schools mg! laa S, Peay Prapabsy Crror as ‘aha! a : ts oo. Teal aa ey " oReR eta Fejacearte tap - ° = sand] % Teas rab Value 80,109 accept 7d i tal 2. ACcepl Hy at 5%, We conclude Anat! there, & host ae eter ree bhus the effects, of Schools 9 |”! Jopeance ere Ish a) hree Processes Ay Bando are tested ty aie See whether thefiroutpul ns of output ave, mades.., Col thd A155 My, lala Coy ut (ke ‘Frralysic + Vosfance and stale your concliston 4 Hos There is no significant difference bud the “Heres processes A B Cc i aN Here s=no-of processes =3 i Ul to M8) Mp9) T3=6 i 0 tS : ul eel [Gel it Wy 13 Is “13 i 98 55 15. BaR=y pe BS eaey™ a whol ake of 7 soe SO 936 ' ay este 77 S+S of due to processes = 4 ih Ve ce a ”) 2136 =(18° 452 4B) (es 5 ich =(po0.5 4605 + 13119) “2736 = QIN3-a73bs de® otal Gs ag gytick Gh 26 tildanan of sub (een eRE SP ea EE) We HOSE} 22736 i Uo OETA EO SD ary 2736 Scanned with CamScannerNova table s- Nesey det gig! mics! Beat.” eae a | Sas oqo fata PS Total Te aa ess ' Here Pray vative 2 yap value ythen we accel tiference L-the Hy ak 2% Lo a Woe concludethat there ty no stgntficar three processes - sreontttionete & 4) Random samples of game size deluxe roo a pehtencjety three manufactures showed the followin] Byer ea op din ManufacturerT; 34 28 32 a1 3) Manufacturer: a2 34 37 32 4 Manufackuver Ir: 30° 37 35 37 32 3! 1 vovs and. Endicale : Use the Analysis 6h Variance at thi OOF 1 thoee Stee whelker or not tke average tfee*pec " nificantly) svirs i ffer stg) 90 7 q brands of room aft conditioner 4 vefone ore S)the ages of executives tr “ipree major Corpora Usted below! app 056 q Cowporation T= yq 58 5S 60 6 Fant 61 91 58 Sh wll 56 63. 60 4B determine! Use Une Anvalygic of variance at (he orol Los an ak these! wohelker or NOE the average ages of top xe corporations B26. 4333— 311 383 = 195-8 gv det gS mes P : 7 at Fra oboe manutack, & glta32_ 15+ 9667 oat rab AF 5% LOS Brvor 12 145% (6 3167 SUO Paya. mags Total Vy) 36-1333 Here, fea ¢ Prapmrlue ats: Los 80 we accept the at 5“/- LOS «We tendlude that there & no dignthi cant at therence Jw bthe three ancrn uracturers ‘ ; atest 5) Ho: there, te no significant dt Herence plu three copovattons Corporation Corpbratton IL Cor porattor 44 6 5b 8-3 se 54 63 Mieke 55 5@ eo me=4 60 su ue r= br a3u aay Wu3=Yyr ! ABy ! ee gi. Cus Zr BEUEY my . Lu ogdue be Corporation’ = 2)gie. —cF 1 = Y4os- 3077 , % a . - fasu” set sea = y24o5-30TT = gran +1 25s6 419882 269 N = y-lyr, =8 low Lb egkt by enh ek BI yp sua Sb rl — 6 S:3075 = 4584 557460 +62 +67 451" wa 63°60 HS = 42125-4265: 3017, = 959 6923 =& : Brrorg:¢ = Q2=Q-Ry= AS46423 ~ HOI = ass 5S ANovA table Sev af ss mcs Beak Pap stl Lac rations Ge uo _ Cer _ assess SU gosit — Fajto™ 18 Toru Bir Q54 6923 tip at BUA LOS Hove Feat 2 fab value ab VzLos! go we acceph sie. conclude that there ts no significant tiference bli ‘he three corporations ey 2t pp Scanned with CamScanneraur) of 4 bate Ye followtng table ghows the ueves C8 electric. lamaps $s aaeae Catches Life of balls tr howe 20 (g00 ' 1600 {io ' 650 1680 ey r 122.0 D 1520 eyo tego 1700 TS yo 3 iy60: “isso. [goo [bao [ONO 1680. yf ISI.) Asap. tszo ,1s0. 16"? dareand $ Peston an analycis of vastance of thes Konwoger™ cit Stomiicant’ test cloes mot re feet tT "honnoge™ ave Ho! the fourbatchesvof alectic lamp: akviding ShéttEn the origin 6 ‘leo yard shen H given tata age expresced tn the -follo “Batches wing tal t a 3 4 Here S=4 -y -6 718 13 maT -3 ° = aig ed ' o - 4 3 4 eee reer all 2 i é 1 ° —4 wy = Boas oto y 16 13, . AB oy a a . 3 f BOR= $m ent = 1 93846 gat sy erie a Hos Cuahfmtseus Sees Hint aur bla + 308-1667 PB BU6, = Hus: Yaey~ 1B 246 U3 6OT = @).. Toll sis 644i) -cr \ cay 3h rare HG A) 4 ete LS CAE 4) + (Oye ta) FeL SAAN ve +e : = 1AS4—VRBUE = LASTHISY = @ : Nor S'S = Qo = Q-Q) = 1513-5083 Scanned with CamScannerova table pee af ss Moo Peat Peal aS). Bakes | wuarcoTl WV8EIO! atugy. | Fa,228bS F230 pyvor QQ 1513S OB TSE Sas sy 1 beta cost } Total ao las rar ei mae Fe iyalue 2 Ctabvalue thenivoeaccenl Ihe toe 1g 1 Fea! i We condude that the SJourbotthes,of electAc lamps homogeneotts i . gtVasancefor bwoway ctasiifieation + frail eA chlaiteah ie TARR Ne ulsthee | Tota | Wee gy Beis OE Ly! op | a z ce Yet San Yas = === Gy) | Sa )2 ase Ys) Jan Ysa . i a yoy ; 34 \ 1 ' re ee ¢ : ' i t f 1 k vhs © Yr or RL rs bee fobaL Ye Yer oa ys ae se The mathematical model t& ag > gy = Mar bp rtp rey) te bdrm ooh SEU aa ‘ poor i ta ttclaistfication where 4x4 = observation of th subdass stolaisitication , FPcubelass tn 2” tlascification SM = eneral mean, pe ae a ek! t at classic SMede of fsubdacs im Ts aston affect of jf subelass tn B Pandomerror tn Ytj and [ ‘ vy Nias i bpchave 14 = yy Mobi Null Hypotheses te be tested as Hoy! b= bye. =by- - -=by mn hey Mt the cubetasses effects tnt hy t te tg= - 2 ty-- > = ES M2 oh 1 bey All the cubelacces effects ty a"losstfication are equal 8" R! te-the Residual Sum of Squares, and’ ts given by Le Re $45 Now. a Ms Stes Mobi) lasstfication Ore equal _ Scanned with CamScanneroo, We have ‘te estim by minimising R: , a “te have & partially diferentlale R. werst the parameter’ by ptjamd equate them to zero: J 203 244 lug-p-bi-ty]ed=0 - F1% Uy-M—t-ty) <0 BAYy- SSiMH HAbi— GAO BGs AAMT ASH + HHH Yo = sm tsb) + rst) 24 (Yu Nb} -H) EY =0 ilyy-M—bj-Ep=0 Bly ~ FIRH Hbig aj +0 = Mr bj + St; pez BM 4 shy tay (9 i 2 4\(Yy-M—b-H) 1) =0 Alig Nob -FD) = 0 7 - ~Sb; — Sty +0 S95 ~ Gin~ fbi ~ Hh > a Sj ! ht Beye aby > Hyg r BES try > BD ‘ Here, eqs U) Gand &) are called Normal peed em Thus there are rHS+! normal uations uk oF ¥ Si attel srt$-1 normal equations are inde anelrts n ese te estimale Pes +1 Parameters with r4s-) todepen F vovmad ’ ae . We ie to gut a linear vesthdtion Foi = Biro WS Yee TSH+ SH (0) HO) ale the unknown paramel@s Mibj and\f 4b tevyuydud Scanned with CamScannerre \ “e wilele cate Work. fe AL me ok " er gamete 4 arpa te wae Ged an | Ft | te Us 9 a oa a” a To Stnd tam ‘of squares due to the parameters pb; an dt; i Gs = See yyed ae Re 9) es) , Hi = Ye sae \ ; TS Sil ig The de vees of freedom for Ahis, ts | Sig duets by = s2(Se- J Ss rs, 2 eM. 3e : | Us” re = ae oF =) The. degrees) oF freedom for this kt ses due te ty = fa (3i- 4) ay e aud yr 5 Sbi =o pa HE 9 ae The degrees of degfreadom for this: BS) } Total Sum of Squares = aSay- Cea=Q : The Degrees of Sreedom for this & rs-l Error Sum of Squares = Q3 = Q-(QtA2) the degrees of freedom -for this & Cr-l) (sp) ANovA table : ‘ Seareah deh Ses! mess Feat Ma BRE? ation, St. eet = Fey hasan HE eR eel) FUDD, Pagiaton 51 AML oe) Freep tet PER Error Cre) Sah Beas © Total ¥s-1 oF Fey REY hen we accept +0, akath L+d-S)! otherwise ae . DM ao, is accepted then Wwe conclude that All-the gubelasses Ee U si . pp iy CHeate tn PStclasstteation are equa . u es 2 Fi, then. we accept Hox ab As Lo: ¢ otherwsice nok If Ho, & accepted, then We condlude “that ‘All the subclasses! Chea in DMclasstficatton are equal. “al Scanned with CamScannerThe following table gives Qualtty rating of the service start ve escional raters + 1 Sepice shabions . 2>34u5s618 4 /0 aq To 4 1 6s BS Is To BS 41> % 65 80 4510 RK To 5) 4 A ag 60 48 87 We SU 1 BP 93 gg 6s 10.98 61 BA 73 Wy 96 FO e& 7 oF 6a TH) 6 @ 16 12.9, 84 Analyse Whe dala and dtsceise whelher rece it ant} difference b/w “Raters or bfw Service Stations Hoy There fe no Significant difference b/w “he rales . Hoyt There is No stgriticant Atfference E1W service stations Service Stations eater 1 BBL EO 8 9) Io’. Thal. qq to 4 99 65 85 TS TOSS 42° £30 946 65 80 a5 To 8% qo ol St a ae fo 48 37 4B qs Tl 93, 80 15 qe 65 0 eee ee By ay es ee ta 74 10 Blo Total Yes Bas 350 WTS 31 HIP 3gsr Woo Yas USS, APOC? FE Here r=5No-of raters =5 No of Sonice stations =! gtgntti ant moen> 2 a = Wooo”. aa0000 His SK Io ; $s due te raters = 4,40 cP Ss noe ha > sy rero)tl) 320000, lo ‘ = @rofatiao) Hse ) = oo =, r “gus due © Service Statfons = fdd-ce A wes) + easy sess ieIoFH Welt. — sroa00,, 3g) (Yoo) 4425) HUSD) 5 , = 0810 =Qr § Fi ' | fotals:$ = BAYH CF te D i \ j | aqaat Fas 4938497 +; 2 ak Byvor $s 3 3 dl Scanned with CamScannerANova table : SM d “ gabe 2 Nene Ie al Jaters A ‘ ads MSS. Peay” jPtabste/: Woo gab3L . F4,zg = abs =F ED Seviggrion, 1 — 8!2 T5b66 Baqy 2 : gp 2B TH0S Bai ae 7 als ~ Fba Error Total! aq: ANB poof an Inbolf Here, Pe, 4 Pty » EN WE accept Wp, oF 87% LOS | a Fe ottkcantattieren eo the ) we conclude ln at tnere hme Stgnich yaters am 4 ety, ab 57 Ne) voind @.7f en we vejed ak 57 L0S the. tr7 "FAI ae that there wg signutecatt ‘ifference 1M hel wn We conc’ “eervice Seabions |. a a)fowr gnpertmenters determine ne mouture Content of SAMBA oF a powders een man taking, & ample dye each oF ‘ enmments “To; assessmne er are’ ! 4 ain consign Totaaonene ae Sl Observor )o2 3 4S ‘ ' q w 4 wo WoW a ig 4 Wy lo Ie 3 u to) to We ty lo ; i : iW ee tea daittheant ~ ity SAOCANE Carryout Uke ANOVA and Aiseuts voheter there 6 acnty 24) gone } , pj Observers lor) blw & ticant AtHerence eonetaoment Hoy, Theres 9 significant dtlerence bl the Coneignm Coneigoment ek ee Kl Hz here ne stgrt observer 1 a4 wb a wo ut 60 a mw ou 4 U jw to 63 a u flo wo im U In 6 y b & te te bo wi2= asqey Tote que yy 34 47 uy UI Here bo No-of observers = 4 Se No-of- corntgpments 26 > Ch ye aas- 04! S 2 sug que (6 observers> qb -¢F © at po gee” s oo egzout > _, gras: OWT ~ t3aso >) / Scanned with CamScanneré ‘ * : shag f yy / Aue te comfanment = ada or { 7 ere 2 2G ' \ = uel CUS aay age Ph atas.0ul7, ‘ mo : 9 _ = 0832 @ eh lotal g¢ sey 2 : g ee oo ds tgpssHe 5 - anasy oul} = ARBL~ Tq 04a = 35 ISB s1-,.43 Evror S.8= Oa= Q-(Q +r) é = 35-4583— (12. 19504-1083) | yl = 13-1250 ie : “ “ANDO VAtabes i SY deb gee! Musee’ Peay, Ftab il Cheewers 3 BS 43750 FGTHOD fey is = 3-89. =F conetyonents FS 4-703 1 WHIT R-AUAY i ; Qrror IS 31250 0-8750 Total 23 35-4593 aftere, Fey 7 Fey, So we reject Ho) at 57% Loc a We coretitethak 9 The . ! A 4 ere uw signifeant difference blu the observers an Fey SFE, 1 So we accept Ho, ab 5: Loc ce There is No significant difference bw The consignments a v 2 5 1 D ee Scanned with CamScannerCoit ts peti edn 1) Experiment :- An Experiment ‘mecine gellingan ancuser { the problem’ cender contidercction aan be classified | énto two categories i : ' it ss 2) Ae Paperiments ©) Comparative Paperimenls y £ Absolute Experiment’ conctst tn determtnt the absolute} Value of, come, chareckanictics Uke ydbtatntag the ower é. 4 Tntelligence Quotient (18) db &, group of people eating he Tavalaltontocttictent blu’ “hud Gartabled’ tra. bivantaledtset bution ete Ont the otherhand, Comparative Bapeximent’ ore designed ee pee tivo or more Ob(ecls one come population charectaristic example Comparison Of: different” fertilisers oy mance sthenet ketnde ‘ap vacitetios ofa crop, Atfferent cultivation procescer, different pieces 4. land fir a field expertment ; Afferent diet or moatetnes br a dietary or. medical experiment: respectively. q 2)Treatmants Various, object of Compastion fn aGmperctive / Lupertment are termed as Twealmenls ) Porexample Anifteld 4 experimentation different -fertilésers different: yess of ‘ crop different melfvode of tutttivatton..are thee ae solclariee the émaltest division 4 RE Cae hiehiog * Cuperiment ap Eexpeien amen sr wiIME, i wei Se ts ay tare make observations on (he ¢ und ee as Edperimental Unies for Bxampley In, dict & ient© Ih¢ giot of har Stee experimental, unit, dn sale Anesth anit may be. patient Gruia hospital) a tum of oud” | Teh fof deeds ele sprdgy Bool woilnoira panes oe “Aeyicaldurl experiment ofa Sa hemos Aivide the whole experiment a into veld aa a Subgroups (strata) : these subgoupe which are ems Tg ne themselves . than ithe Steld ag a whole),O7 é asiQtocks sivas 310 Qiersees 5)Vieid 1 The’ miasurement’ of ge vite oe different experiventab unilé are, termed a4, tele 6) Bupertmental Eirort-Lebius SUpPOse, haba large field divided toto aetferent plots (ok equal Shap and, Alerort Avealmenls are apptied to these'e' ag Scanned with CamScanneree eee eee tis a A te Soll. doce Reoeera experience that the -fertiléléy gradtent of jax. otelie fashion. any systemattc patlern but behaves th liecn didatméstts eee fells ug thak even, OF lhe, 7 Stitl vas wed. on all the plolg, le felds Wo [station “yea ae differencec ioteat ert Sud |: Beyond hanna Ce plot, which ts clue mandom ¢Auces 0 a a a ay Replication -Regteatton be i va re Pal spo Move ‘than once: In oth. meant the elton of! A Tavestt tion te sn es repetitton oF treatments Unde . Precis ton:~The reciprocal of Se tebe spt" snen . 4 wl at tke “Bedson Thu for an’ expertment: replicated i i prectston ie given: by t > at how GN ; Prinetples 7 anv apevimental Dest H#* hee , | e prinefples of. tal designs wag preposed| br Rol. R. : experimen’ _ ty Tol nl ae Po aes ) Replication Rana ee yt oe eagetie steve ‘) Reshteation: Kandoniisation 2) LocalContol. sate sped P a ations Rap heton meane the repeatition oF tredtmenle Pa ide veg: eae Sor coe i Lar! Ema an poss! 1@ cobtenation The. error of, the experiment Tikes fiom thes ferent cape i i ae otk en the. replicates There ts na, of er; Way) ‘ oid it oy jf retiention wm get Wectimale’ the “einer “of the gaperiments! | L The matin, advantages of Replteation are w Vides “an actimale, of the ertorvariance, 11nd sy] tre. experimental» error, ‘more € nuriber oF wep ; : shi yie a) Th, yedueet ives “yore” precision Ps } 7 «a Rerdontalion’= he prinetple ofirandonticalion. was, achibcalel Ped Fichey the treadmenté ave. alloealed to the ‘eageshmrerti persona, biag iohieht atte at randori’ to, avotd any) lpe of \ way) be condl ox itongtous The." process! of allecation of the treatinenks +b Vasious, experimental dnilé “na ranctom Wide Scanned with CamScannera ie Crs Th the expertmental area t voy ver hele a a ce Ne ch etror TE i dlestable t veclite thy hy ioaege sa coronas gat as, Posstble- Tt could be, achetved by ang the whdle experimental area | nile ow wlse (ov) counter homodlneous sulosy7upe a wradiont of tke Soth, according t -fextilila By bee vi soiree nee the vasiation et amumcThen Une treatmente ‘cre. hPa Une blocks % maria} eachi-blodle cepevately “the a ocated, at vandomwith th enor by. aividing the meas hi reducing the expertmel Me! ¢ “f SAbqvoups (blocks) "4 known at LocatContot into homogeneoits _Lampletely Randomised Bec ny CORD) t= Unit J, “The completely randomised Design, the simplest oF all the \destans, based on the principles of raridonfisatfon ane F yeplication: In‘ thig destqn , treatinenls are ‘allocated ak random 4o\ the ‘experimental untls over, the entire experimental ; smatertal hetevogeripus an detidis suppose that we have “edreatment’s each treatment replicates ‘1’ times Then the whole experimer i | material % divided. tnto ‘vs’ ex evtmental vintle’ ve. sr treatments; ave, Atcbibubed completely! ak yandom over the uni aibject ts the ‘condition ithab;, gach trealment occurs GP AimesRandomtsation gives, every grup oe ang and equal chance oh, recewtng te sraetmenSuehi'a-Rayout is lenown ax CRD wit equa number of veptications iW Jet-us suppose tat, we have ‘¢! treatinenls the ifs ’ Areatment vepltcakec v4 (f-U2—- ) times “then she whole exfenm ‘i fal t fo t erik mtal material { dtvided, toto s\r; Uenilé apd the tren are ciduted completely at, yandom evel the unite subject the contition that the th treatment occurs |r Himes Sacha layout ts known ar CRD wilh unequal numnber frepitcatons Merits, :- ae WOR eT DIES Laat ts VEMyeAEYns gy adetesign jhrende Meret there. % complelé flextteility Oe abrent CN BE takens'? treats replicates, for ea OF ey adardectay eg oh as be ES coe Ay Se provides maximum no- of degre of freee ot, ps Variance: “CCF sae) JThe Analysis of data is stmplest as com ated te“otherdeign Scanned with CamScanner| th suttable Jor Tb is difftcutt to find honioge ng? all respects 2 CR Dis seldom, “suitable + for, WB the - other experimental decigns yn Stattctieat deal of COR DE feta experts | (with equal no: o vreplteations) yDakas: . 1 yectment- a ttreatment Breatment ~- Yu Yaye tvs Ya) nag rt Sn Yor Yao Sra, Ysa Yaa, ie ? 4 ! i ' ' 1 t I Yps Yj PR j t d ' 1 rola byl 7 Bw Yar Js ithe mathematical model ic” kat Sasenbysal i iy they si jryteery intysban ij > Me iy Let: ie Saari forers igap= Yield of | pot cnt yap = Generalmean, He; x eflectot-f eatment | Ej.> Randa enor toy a | Wehave, ey-8 Uy byt © ere the mul hyped bo be tested ai He! tsb vey Al the Tanline effect are equals BE RY te the, rectdual eSurn of squares | then (Re 68 \ spon d ey los) Ip Jon Scanned with CamScanner> A Huy - HEM Fats 0 Oh aN PS 2 FRY - BR M+ hat Yo, 2 PSpt THIEL —> OD ak, S202 BSN EDED =O» ailevenyg i q ‘ ‘ 2 lorie ns > Sty —p-h) =o no ; i] Podnay “giggle Bn tah 18 Bp a if => ope yp ty —»(2) A Hore q?s WG) ate. called Normal Equations hus there (SH normal equations; out of which of ) equations, are fndependent + Sp thie nok posse ee fae f ony parameters with & independent no 2 ' awe have & uba Unear restiction 4fi=0 Sab this recbiction th eq? Oo yee =TEte ee rs 85 yer iysetnoroel . Eee Mie =k ; i n y h . : = Oe - Be piv iu : a sierpand’t : To tnd cum of squares duets paramelere peand t Summ of squares due to P* pe Se)aij 0 =Ye 8 oF. Ceberedtton tacts) ppl slat ETS OT alte lad ty } f The dagen of ee forthe ee yg edi Sun Hl squinves'cie, t6 44> GEE The echoes of ft Taal. sum of squares: = $6 Ui the degrees | of freedom fer this’ 4 Scanned with CamScannerror Sum of Squares = Qs. = Q- @ The degrees of dreedom -for thie ts str-l) | ANova table ~ & of yes : A i Seances oF dit sie mgs Feat Pighake 70s Fesap, sty | Treatments aml g : Errore Str) Ta, -0-4) ate i FEEL then we accept to at & LT Hy ts accepted then we conclude “eBecte are equal: . | Cotte, unequal no: 4-replteations ed ees : - SGrealmnents, atdreatmen attecatinent-.- {breatment—- 4 Los otherwtce we refed that all. the Apeatm gu Sa Ygybice es Be Siz Yo Yaieh si Upon los dee a Ysa Jia |: i \ a q 4g i 495 Yu 1 t ‘ i} { ' ' dey Yon dys bey The mathematical model ie \ | | Gp Uys gettttey where t2b48)-—S iSe- 023% where Yjs = yield of gh plot and receiving tt treatment = Generalmean dang | Kye oftece of Hreakment gd i, i Sy, = Rardomerior i Ytj and. & toy", \ tj i Wy i We have 4 =¥y ohh ae 1 Here. the mutt hypothesis to be tested as Mor ty=tretas----te -- S sak fey AU the treatment effects. ane equal Al 8 Lg on: TE YR” ty the veddual sim of squares $e, B given by.) Now we have be estimate the, anknown| by apetrintsing Tea 22 ao ro We have te P ly at tenttale Re WWE pardinoter i a tT aemk e ael . prone pd Scanned with CamScanner> salyy-MA)=0 ” Lie Bar 9 Hse t=? he eit Srgrhj i geeery any 4 tt a aR / 3H O72 aldg-v ho j > aag-h 2 Ayre BTS = ep reiti iv aii farsi ge mr 0) called normal equations nations out © uohich only £ snot possible te oral equations, Seve ed's Wi) ve qhus there are Stl aval 24 ae wt dent -So tks estimale Stl parameters wilh < independent We have te put a linear recbiction emit =0 Sub: this vedriction tn eq's0Gl ? we get yd ye 7 BA Ss Ut normal equattons Me mt " Ve ety +R ! Ny J find gun of squares due bo porarnelor pandtt* & te p= Se) 44 am of squares due t pi Fa) ‘he “pe of freedom Sum of squares, dusts Wa ay Scanned with CamScannerdegrees of Sreedom for i “Stal sum i ee tes i : The degrees of -freeclom fo or it bo a é Eyror Sum of squares = & ig 102) he degre es of freedom 49" this 'y 4 BR sovn as = - Source he deosf ey ve apts Se, tok se mss ati ceil oy iv Teatmen’ 1 eee thet Go Cr 3 Ever 5 {-- CF i qs *Q,-a-4) Qe 2+ ‘he ‘nt ” ‘ . ar : 1. otherwise We ¢ 0 ‘ és Feet, then ve accep Uy ak S17 8 7 the, treatmen ty B accepted len We conclude that att the ie er Luston ° Analyse the a design and ‘stale your cont! . 7 coe A 6 DP . Ik aS 30 26 aq 32 A cD EB rat 6 a Ie 20 LD cA DE 1 14 16 3} 20 34 te A BC ?P p uo 35 3 RON ' gp e ¢ A B (33 35 Go ae 36 (Hyt tt the treatments effects are equal: $25) V5) Ss E Ee FA a a 30 Seno lof treatments aq 20 86 77 Ie pono: of plications } at. ar: te 19 34 | 35 33° 8 20 GO aa 36 «YO St 35 HT 1H 12D Igy IS 108=4"* t . a » os CP = Ye 18 =| 0050+ 56 rs ons Ses due 40, 87 S MaleBl waa j ‘ ‘ea ribs ORES — spe $6 Ds = go2\3,;60- 200S0°S& * 163-0 =Qt Scanned with CamScanner-_ total Sum of squares. = tel am OF SUAS. = Fal CF : ‘on pb 2474 28% nae tHotie Hae —.2o070% % Ans -8050-Se= paa.uue ay Z ; Ry oy savor “Bilt of S4UATES Qs = Q—Oy = LOFT TEBE Qy= 13644 topra ANova table Sv a SS, Mess Fea Peal ak si Los Traatmede & 6304) M078 187706. Fu,20 Pet AD 93664 HOB | ORT ' Al Brwr Total yo toate { Here fat Value Z Flap Value then we acc pt the Ho at S/H OS te aye. equal; matte conctiide “that All-the ‘treatments offec ! {fe ~foltowing design and state your concluston AD IAS 20-2 \ 4 ve 1 4 Analyte ec BE gps avn 2ST I a BS 54 eT 18-Q al WS p aA AB Cc 1 A gos 207 22 es Bb 4 B ¢ e A * ies 2077 3u-3 37] Ord ; i} e | , ang ano ars ce 4a ! " B ny 1 ser ayer 3 187 tae Ho? All. the treatments, elfects! ave equal WA sol A B a Dp, & : r . 1 1 las agg ITT 208 357 Se no- treatthenls=5 i paet Wee reno 4-veplications= lou ta7 [8 Zee) ITT AhS agg 1g 20°7 Yord ago akT Qs set (09 [BT AWB 1696 WEG 129-3 1G 19RT gee t 10 1ag ty CR e yr q a Ye. Cies-8) — I4tol 18 ES sea ita igre Tae Bogle toy ‘=r gi dinep-ctepy | ’ 74 6 = Coo X20 = Qy- _ 4 Scanned with CamScannerJ SEI ap ty aad 20 fs 22024-4—tqyo)-1813) = 2821-61857 a1 660; 4 Error Sum of Sqitares ~ Q= 0%) = ‘ = (666-7567 fn t 1 ANOVA table ° oN ae Se onse Peal Ftab 216 y treatments |G — GborRG20 165-2155 g.4TB] Fas 2 11 § ertop aS (666-7567 G6 6703 2 tota) QI BWALEIT Sm ak 5%- LOS 1 t th j Here Fey 2 Fahy value y-then we accept * te ave equals . 7 We conclude ‘that alt the bredtmenlt effets are nH 12) Analyse the following dectgn anc give your ae 12 aA Boe D } Is 16 We Uo 4 1A c e A B / 1B 10 yo te IS 1c AD BB ‘mH u A Bg BoD a € eo ig a oT 1B a 6 ¢ 8B A @ bi Wo 8 ‘Aloe ALL the Meatments effecls are equal: ‘@ A B Cc OD CE Here 5) ig UMM 9, IS genoottreatments =5 “wl ig 15,10. AN Ted eT y= Ha Tye TS A8T le 13 iy tg oI i a Ho 8 1s ID ' f 7 16 : Vo) 3 lq 16 pop SFP Cag Bou f 1 spy qs 4 50 YR ED 36-4 aa Po = (seer = YRS OF 1 u lore 51S due to dreatments = 4ye Lie! a> oor" (ee a are wih 2 (2992854 FURS FC +SACT _Unsta Ss > as dg tT t8S forpy Ory ec % =aSh 4 OTT pe Scanned with CamScannerTotalSum of squaes. s,2 4 cF ura Bey ~~~ sty Hye a ysr8 -W2SLOY = Q46 at — Y251- Oe } Error Sur of Squares = @ gee a 7 FAR g-Ry DQ, al + Abb ANOVA Table + a4 oe jesse eeaerte or “Ba Mees, fad Prop ab57 Los VE Treatments Ge 2s 2563 Cyr any 266°) teasgo Furor 9) aba = O42 | OelGeQG = olay Haak 57 bs Here Peg Value ASTS-UT HBOS BSB-F4 I 3100.08 4238 THOS Sonera Ys3t- St 2110-15 ra 19890 - tio = 19g 78 WTB Ya" 6366 = Q) Scanned with CamSeannerTotal Sum of squMes = Eq heres Wee Usaha b= 425104 ysre — U2 Sl0Y = Mead Ml Qe vereat FZ ol error Sum of Squarts = A= G-Ry anh rare! > ey 2! aTgI46 1025 * abot vost ' cr ANOVA Table + SN af SS Mes Peay Prab 57% LOS Treatment (ORS 2565’ O.lg22 Fy ao ZT Cyror aol. /266-tf 18.3355 vast Totat 24 arteeag SUE 18 Here Pear Value £ Rapvaluey then we accept the Hyak 50S) tide conclude, thal” “All the Niveakmente efteds are CA tia following dectgn ana stale apolar conclis? Fy | Sg BS hos agg Wt Bq 3010 QV x wee at the trealmenls effects are equal o fs fe Fu S, Se Pay toot dat 365 NR. at ee (gs e318 T 15-5, 207 ra 33: 24 yy) ja bere auele yep f | coat aan 24 W603 | ta 30:0 el ‘ Bl otlah evrdbn si ly om 81-9 3, mary Vau-4seuy 16S AVES) 10 ; OF ed oa ge igly end -sisokl “ ' 2 = COA _ gga 4184 “4 . ; i : Vr Lap alit SS due to treatments = deck L eeeele alts ray, GI, UD ras) tH Les ee Div seg é 2 % SD ASTS. UT $1005 4 BSB- HE $3100.06 4228 TSO? cree rey Ge3t St Q190-1S “to = 19678 WTBYH "ITH 6366 FQ) | Scanned with CamScanner! otal sum 4 equauss 449 p68 UY (out Lesa eras Pa (waesD - i abe 659-29 — mers suing n (aT ROLE H Errov § um ah Syrians = Q2 = 2-& ad Squares = Qo = 8-1 (le 6366 t > Qo = 1979 8016 — | = Qo =180 7-168? Kal it jp ANovatable roam 4 My Sch 88 crs, MS ed Ft ul 4 fron GUT bce ARGO) 0-28N9 Fee, Peer 1B [80T 16D. 100-349) pe t 24 1918-g016 Here, Foal < Ptap Value then we accept to at ae Los! a “cv Ine conclude hak d\it the ttealinent eRecls 4 equal indomised Block De So tn the first Block we allocle: anc & te slit» Statler Bito aMplot dt slRplot, pte pl or each of the other pind fresh vardlom number accordingly. eke and allocalé the teabw Advantages of BBD) | oy >, Accuracus-Nhi a wd 1 i i pee: ee ata has been shown t be move éfffctenb if NORD | et i or most types. r experimental 1d work, a) flexibility: BBD, no resbictions are. placed on eel number 4 treatment; oy; nov of replications) | ott Base of Analygts;— ae rental Niseag ©The ahabtctical anakpis th shnpler tapi ard Seah ~forward+ More over, the’ error eof any treatment can; Be isolated anc aanty no. of treatments sway he omitted from the analysis votth out complicating th. Yisadvantages of ReB-Ds- vol DRED ts not suitable for large no-oF Azegtments because tn, iF thab cose the block size will increaie ob teimdy nok be posstbte to Keep large blocks } Df the. data om more than bo statistteal analysts becomes quite co Srasistical Analyste of, RB: Di Dota-for R:-B-Di- a Rervogeneois plots | teaytsstng the feale Treatments. goon jt \ | Yu yi Oya. <= Utf-s 5 > x es Ya uy Yas! Blocks 1 Se! 32 dea 435 ry 1 14 Scanned with CamScanner‘)), Jed "tent anodel for the above po “ ‘ Sty = pers Pap pepe piteliee te? oi 4 ny , where Sqe i ’ 1 Hoek and reed : 0, | th blocks oP uk = dye ralmean 4 t bi ore additive oSlect of | (ed Pi = fined addtlive effect © ‘Aen Ni), I a Rant yp anee vo ble have ey bee ih= YM oDF » Mere, the mutt ‘nypethesee do 7 be roa A, fb Ret bbs cbog-—onbie = on Pr inh «bey All the blocks effects are equa Host tis Igie tase -n-e tps 2 ts Al rey Ali the treatment effects are ea “DERN the testdual “sam dp squats fer PRY Beet : ; : 1 Slug we brtyy jet Now we have t estima the unknown pare vi a R, Lane Tia ply aiferentiale R wok bt) te t | equate them be ger A | Bios ang “oy pe by-tyJDee 5 a a liza | 2 gh htr JF he ) | | iteltal | > 44Ny ay aners geet HFS Ty altos | Ges vse +s& are HI) / nq | Bag > agile tet ae bi ye (Yy pcb a ae, > ZgsnG 7 abi atice oe l > Ay aur ghiry wee G 2 peg HON, eh l « i tl v ae) 04 Rely HO “bi tj)tveo SU gt ne Jad 5 3 ye AP guy at* vB (a) 3 bie . aut fy “egg ger ae 3k i Scanned with CamScanner(Here eq 291) are calleditlormal Lquations ws there are. T4841 Movmal eq"s out of which, only r4s~ a pormal equations are independent « So 4b te nok ssl dete estimalé +4541) parameters with v8 1 indepen det mona equations ewe have bs pub a linea, ‘vestrtetion a n = Fibyo! ios ENS RO “ Yee : we Sense Fb i Sby = U4 SM bre Yee Tu x s bye Mie de Se Iya yy=errey vtge YOM seh ; ue ail wandk L To ue um nee squares due be peice pbs an fs : ses due ts pe agg) -o i “te mer the de es of {resto tor thie wy! gi dal bie HUE Te =e Se se - : \ Ge nha ab Hce HQ)”. . y uf The degrees Pg forthisis! 4 SS due te ty ails - “ey J oa. > 493: 3 i ga py A swtn sek of sph of > a ~tF ake f j p Ao¥ thiv $ , es Aa Tresdem ao south de f squares Aly sigh & iil 7 Inf The degreeegt freedom “fortis B YS Scanned with CamScannerFSS = O3= 00014 0, apis (DD) RovRtgbe UH,929 The dior for epabecy | pues gt SS, thes Fe Feeyerdxen =| (-l) ‘ F Trealment «5 ah ye i ae Sern’ ee eter) + syyor aaa » Pa Behe eB Be 1 Total & is 1 iy | | sere fuse ey accep a Le ee )) Anatys llowing design & | y J eS the blocks eects setae ate c 2 i pE A 8B TRe chy rthen 6 oe ma WS ta ye 16 lo otheri? ihe leer | ph tte, tc accepted, atl € ap BC elec ant. equal: “@ Is ao 7 Is oU if cpardDe WB ia ta aN ! | A Bie e teu ly aa IS (oe ty v=np ell \ Ie ots iQ to 14 i “Hoyt All the blocks effects a7 equal . Hea’ - All the treatments etfects are equal: 4} & treatment Ae ae oe 10 yenorotblotks =5 it 6 i fol 1B ).1a, We, 1° Notte 4 | Q ao Ss tt ace 718 a5] “i gos 13 (ole 4 16 6% ed | moh he te i 8 2 Ve 69 5s I to fa, IS Total 197 58 73 75, Bl 38b2 fry sepals sll + D ( f ~ BS _ 5358-ay 1 dh Suh 2.3 5x5 fy Se8 due ts blocks = aot cP | one tiga al orT _ §3see1y = ate teh | = 838br sash2y, SAT = ML ody Geo due te breatmedls = <4 vi oP ~ adasteda ttt BS3ZEWe2Y CPE 4) re [252i BIG Bar cer, Total S'S = aH OR 19 - Cwebaat. Hs smat eee’ eka NSS G us a8 24 SER. 3 ~~ cot DOSS Scanned with CamScannerError. sum of squares Lig > ! ' Rar O65: 16— ( 91°16 +6 5-76) : 83> WS.24 ANOVA table. 4 uaa? SN aaa : Blocks 69-4 S Msg RG Pp abisten 2d B76 TY 20 ore? Treatment '5?= 4; oSTh Wedd P+ 6NYT Puyo 2 Bel 19 eyor 16, M224 ale een ea Fay, (p> 3-01 = Feo. Tache Tolal ay 865-76 ) then we accept “the Yor ab 62 Lo$ a i ave equal and Hore FeysPy> swe conclude Mati Av the Blocks efeu ere Fea } oe ae “8 rope ae 3 ts Mae) sais ' ! ) ik it i 1 aby he Gog i i Hi Ph ‘iz ia Yay 7 : ey te uit Sain dia Siders ie veh | poy i ts A I Sty Sova Siva Spy, Sry ate \ (Total Wy Say ay Uy te ee To, : | Where yi! _ total of known, obtervationt tri i bode | yes = total of known observattion getting JS AI 1 3 total of all the known observation” "i | ; EE a a : QL ory gus due te Hocks =(Yi**)t censant vo vibay = CF Kod sty 4 ! . , | 8-6 due f treatmesh= (yt rdbhatorkunerh ac Oe ns G CP seep 444 ckant tort BAF Total S¢ = q>4 con re ~(eigaudlitoakesrsis tue Heals Evror ge = Total os Scanned with CamScanner2 Pa constant rhe seit odantio #A- calls a | ‘Conctantwer-ta- er) (844 7 we as" + CE constant wor bx Yale me baay (5 SATE J eoalant tor x or be| we shall choose nt cuchthal & t amtntmunn «for & ts Pe minimum “for variations th xe, we, must hove % =O Ee aes )- a(24 ares \ro ty ¥ AY sbninit 3 (1 a ae q aan a ZPL Pas Teh oc : . 28) erg rel > atenteny = wt ce a - Fst spl “1. Us ry + syyy * . | Cra) SA 5 atcanclyéte 8 Pettmake Uke misting value tr RB! Danie eT op) ENE. Hint ?- We wate (Ke above fea pee cupsttuled Ff { t tte pen ae ke following ‘aaleulations are fn a of alt the doservations = fey : or a e ts8 de playa, seg due “blots = aie - fh Total $+s'= Be NGoCF ri ‘on vol Toit «| Error Ss=sQz= @-tart en) i i Here the nut! hy poinese ts ee AB, i . ffectl ave 2a} Lo intgls Holt All-the blocks ¢ ie on arect a, Hog* All ae en) out Mf potheces’ Lape car, e the. above! | [ i see £ PANO A / Aable Scanned with CamScanner= (On a Bae ne 2G Pea” Hatt ee HBlocke |) Cray @) She yest Fort) WING Th nae ; In \, wate (SD ee 7 Stl Tey, Fes) kre Tora) rs-g caved 5 ‘ 4 Fer < Fey p then we aece| tthe toy ee ae ve [se conclude thal lithe’ Olecks eHecle a equatii DM be 2 Fig, then we accept lhe Ho, ab eZ FOS cs We tondiade thats at The treatments Cec. “\) Betimale tke. miseing value. and analyse (ke dleciqn, Hy A DB C-E eer QW PT 267 leq 2272 (c¢ e€ F AR, BD AST 29.3 18S (ee MT IS 1 Bp By Ok ova table 22P 14-2 127 1B 14-3 20°) i jf 2BpaP ss c Ff Ee D il oS Da2rbleee IT (eT “Treatmenk 4) . Fon Be eee Dirge “eaice 3A) scanned & F A, 84 aot 14 19'S 899-007 . BNI tiff | Blocke Q Ir? gant ISTP IS ages 1S 25P OM fo 3 3 Gat ee gol AB | ; Se PET ERT ABB 1OUF nif | y Meo WS 22 tO hd Quy 14.6 13:1 Sa 861 obs | Here Ye ee blocks =i . mo ! S=mno- ot treatments er | yg! = total oF known shservationicin'™ block = 10° Yi ° h wero ye = total of known pbcervations tecewing id I” predtenentis saa) 7" gl | yl = total, of all the, knows observations 45/6 a Wicttag value D tc dey ENA, 231} . renee = Bb24+ BIS FUSSE Ws Ls Scanned with CamScannerf Bee e's 4 ; flecks) A881 RST Is Last p32. (09 tau Vig’ SATIN SH IS 12.43) IBS) ha Gad fi tS j ninth : Lae Lae] laa le eed 20°) I 4, qo Wes aaa cry tse igg tou, | ql | gue 46-731 bbe Boel Bort HATE | ! 10 ite a fous = 9208-08 1-3 A 1a 4 eset Block ¢ = eat “or _. = wy HWsay Fa croway Mow 9), 4208 oe Gl ok = 4321-3650 — A208 0% 4 gs dua, te Treatment = aS - gs = BuUd) gra pate a =\t3" eT “4 ‘ Fgesinett | Fr(Ge'8) + ae: \ = = qa13- GUTS —4208'08 = ose 58 Qe Total eos = 44195 “er, Li (a8) m+ (acer) ~~ Aes 4 (ise 1208 08 —qro0a-ng = S583 4 4161-01 — Lyor SS> Gz = a (art 2) oe = eogeg —( U2 78s +8 “sots) Re. an = 31984 nova table I “Af 3S meg Peal Prab aks SV Blocks, ay wate | SUID, Feat 34 ee aur ke Meee vme i fen B46 =f Le “5 oe a7q°58) (a 29, Heror Pannen, Total Geer ee B13 \y Here the null Aypothests te be cecloelay 7 Hoy Ali the blocks effects wo otal Bost Ali the treatments) Pe testing ne above null {haar cfottowing lanova table: 4 Here, Fe < Fu) trent woe, xecepe The +o, ot eH the! +.We eondide ‘that stl the. bret eftode ae equal uh Scanned with CamScanner iwetan use the5% Los A Rese Pas then we accept the Hoy. at ; P * effect? are ¢ We conclude that du the tre aire oe ‘design, Estimate -the mfscing value and ‘ant 4 ey A EB Cie i i (HQ 65 GS thQ | to ag Wee. 8 BuihyD Ao 13 Is 43 NT Cc D 1A £ B | tor Iss FAK Int (6-6 1 he A Bo ¢ ere ve ne-otblocky iy etn Ba, bal geno-of treamenty | B Df cre N BT ey tae ISB Ih yl. = total oF Rl ( observations tha A gireatments "beck =u | ye w3 gs isd) es) 65°S) ge total of kno 2-3 1B HOS WE, Beles SU > “Dcervations rece Blocke a. 66 top ISL IDE SUS Pe entet oa SLO tT Med AT EFL ts totalotall tn ST TE Ig [ea Nelo she watt os bl bar Ul oe} 24TT Oe 7 1 d~ % Jol) I 12 Missing value x= ry. 5y j Oe | she | = S(sus)+ s(un-3) 2407 eS aT | TAT ey Ne See, toil i X= woh | quent . { | _ = 7 ‘ Blocke VoWr2 Wed BS 160 be ass vor | 2.43 jy tos WT IS 493 3 pol leg lod WSl (aed 65-51 ye Bet BO ToT (INF 21 SOT pe iss ied Web) S603 SIZ GL yz, SA 6S" BORy TN fe eR {y toa ‘ Ie CoS Met SOREN 38/2701 Hojo ae pi fy Idi avesnal et 2 Vy peau ESN AEE - a3 oe > 1aBOSH = Q Scanned with CamScanner= 3H Tasy me “total § soe Aan te, : query ae ayy dae crease ltt Ayr aa 0TH = HOOK BIDS | _ratronyg =MUZTSS * a Error b Se Q, = lar" LASS 7 Here the mull A ee blocks ete , e treatments effect? are CAUe ; he nytt hypothe vee the Fale" waren 6147 ie J qe betested afr hii tae Troma nf 01 in th ouA table he ortea (ati onniey geno Miss Seatit Freee 22014 Fez0" 3314 Ahad! ae y yoedos4 treatments: BM Tas 4 86981 'F 0° Yaol4 fear Iyer SINT Abs - i Evroy 1s Total a3 1aaistiss Here Foi! Pet 2 We acce| ane at oi Los! se conclude Ahab all the hocks, Brees and Fay Pay 1, We accept Ho, i silo that ale vey — ae equal, + we condude Aine. A ai effeck aye equal! bat 8 Square Design’ ' 4, Qn. RGD) whole: the & enti ‘arta IS sel into’? yelabively’ homogeneres 7 anf alpcadecl ad random: t “the os as in each inka ie oer was Subjected #8 eke: regent” pejuart tn the bl locke: Bult Sfeld ‘eapertmentat on that the atternative ships (plot's Juintts) ee igh ras eit A Ie etal method of elimina ng fertility Narrallione “const sts th an expesiniental ayents aut coreh Caen in wo perpendicutaa i directions " TSin a, Ho | Square dedgn Hole Layo ue of Seosign a Trithis design the ‘rer! oad equal 40 number oft replications “Thus in case F7? treatment there have to be meray experimental units Scanned with CamScannerwhole ef ° expevimental a { rate v ent nih arranged en al 1 well as each column contains fycre then alneated at mndow % ie Such a way that every Areatment ° conlyonee tn each row and tn.each! coluryn | i! ia known a Txv Latin cquare decign'’ | hen many arrangements for an™* |, Layout tn ain experiment muck be ete * For example jler us consider! & treatments one typtcal andyement- of A x4 rsd & PT 998d squa Ww unt (Bear Wc A ® CD Be eee eoR: y DC Cad & 8B aersnidy ib oh fidkantages of LSDiD A BS i sue of oa Na man = i on | th, Awo,way grouping ) LS+D cont! than CRD OY BBD. ? sink Avg Dike Batistical, analeeis, te sto Je though sleghtly compl thon for R°B-D:: Even worl missing the analysi _® remating Telativety .cfmples! |? na | 1.3) Wore than one factor Be he ravellgat a stnalene Ht and Wwe fewer trate than mere Gamelfect®A dent Dicadvamtagee 4 b $Di eae ad 11) the “haptamertl acumplion shat there 0° trae | byw the Hire taclare, 4 vetiatton Was ‘wot be ond P? Unllkey RE BD) in ues the. rusmber est “yesti to + veriteatio vehi a eshicted to te oe LSD TP eeiable Jor the 2" pbservactions, tts -fletd of application. S e, numve ° eee ee ko 5 and loand -for move. tl an 10 te Whe fay is Seldom wed: Since in that treatments Ihe, desigry b care tha Square becomes . foo large ahd 1 remain ‘homogeneous * Sie + eT en soem | the stectstical ana! SeBecomes quite Coe ty | StateriearAnalys ips )s7, 3 bo houlfort date | i sto raodel oft ipits.given, by *Y The mathe doec MOL , Scanned with CamScannershere Y H thy eft " w Id of rows, eolumnane recevin eel ea Ge ralmean 4 = ect of i row = effect of iM colar. tke effect of k-lreatment ile ( tik = "Random error thn Jy and Equey More?) e have, Eqn? Sty MoH Cy by Heres the aut! hype be tested a8 Moys Vie Yo = 3 = ape Ely, 1, hey Alt the rows cee 5 Ate equi Ye Hoyt C= Co= C3= -- so a-eer hey Alt the column ates an yt t= tae ty--5 mtkacr othe een All the treatments effects are eet “ert ot “RN 4g the Residual sum of: SU ne ; Re aaa ei ee cman! i ° * ie bie ‘, ‘ Cet parameters jmp vii ie icllt e aie a ters My sos sf g R! 3 Rw: ont Params’ ms Py ave to patially yy Cy and te ane OR eee (oye tit Oe 2 Ga M1" v aay Sty _eareitee? i aaa i ie mye 5 446 j ket Ae 2) ie edeuraehit Rages’ ass 7 ° ape men 4 GG irate? a -¢ hag? t P | on Scanned with CamScannerR Joy OBE (Yipee me tag -teED =? EE, age Me hcp) 8 Hh DE Sik ye ast or q Hi > Sedge Sigel et Act fill te i) de > Yoge = mH ain, t+ 6h A “al i Te FBS (Yee Monte) ED =e. | 7 y h-c;-te) 7° I Bytes ei ~ aj Sut aah +1864 + AGE | wi ‘ > Yoke ~via airy gejairt 7M Nd Here ode 0, @) uy are called. Normnal Eatin, 4 Ug,there are aru normal equations , out of whe pn 4 3r-> normal equations are. ‘independent So thle ne pesstlal 4 _ to ectimalé .2n4 Parameters with 3t-2 independen nota equations We have,to a tinear restiction 4% aS = hey ei il Auatitng ais vectrictton. & iy eq'st0,l, sos Wis. ga ge META Frye = Yow th Scanned with CamScannerae r . : The degrees oF Freecom for ~thit f¢ par Gos due to fe = : ee Ta 7) ee ° Fide _ yee PPh Popp ppp A -e tL oF : 2rf - isis - oF =Q jo ‘ 1 “he degrees oF freedom for tits te, tol Seg idue to, Cr = 4 3 $ Bf a Sy Sy (Se 5) Hitoy dh 1d 9, A Me : ae : ' = Ui ch OL . The) Aeqrebe ot “edom stor thig TIS toy Ao OS due tote = =) S,5) (Sek - 2) Une 5 7 kK aah (te 4) SHE \ =) yok Ue = Ag ce 2 Lig Bor this te 0-1 the deqrees of freedom : / Total Ss 2 AiG ik - CF = 8! eons i The deqrees of freedom or thie & Ah a Evror $$ = Qy= Q-(AtGt&) | ig The degrees of Sreeclom -for thicité (rel) 2), 5) ANovA table + ee! rae TON d-f ss MSS Peat fab ‘ss rows vel a et Foye RE Fer-pytrrntea) columns 1 For-tpitradtt-2) syeactments 21%! Feeniteneg cemor Terr total re Q / TE eyz Fy then we apt the Ho, a ti Lo “ual Cte lesntluce that All the rove F clare oe Bes 2 ft, s then’ We ‘accept, he tHosat ee ve ota Dae. tattade tharealtts the, oleae’ effects ar # Res 2 Fez then We, accept the Hog at «77. LOS [3 We conelute that vl the treatments are equal, Scanned with CamScannerAnatiyce the Aoltowing design & give ‘your conely DE A HL ART ISR Qo.g Oley ie | A D ~ 2.5 BE ‘ OS TET Io) a267 Tyo Bae C8 5 ne (M6 ey net ve. | 1 abs | Bice Di I leg TET et tog > & A ¢ 8B RRS FZ Boy age abs I pints At the rows effects ‘are equal: { fest Alt the columnc effeats are equal faa 32 AU the -trealments effects are equal: Treatmenls tab i | me hee A ¢ Tl AW BC DE aa a QT WS AUT yn ast Iya IB Roa. 805 187 tel 3-7 ty, A te aaan cle We an oy By Dye Ae oy Ales UT (br 4, 1864 eed y t ny rie aie: 13 ws regia, A ] be BEY [304] ash eS aay 22 as ae “ey " nae ays tey 932. 409 Pe i os 2h 135 || Taft AS 45 fons ae afAEE 29" Here tenovof treatments =no-otrawe = no-okcelumng =5 5) pore se. (ray 65 |:04 : : ‘shy re ipah i i k i | | Scie ws “au: =F : “a Furnes enstieentesd paitay | PSone sy easel : Ie Sis due to columns =% a , ets e ab Scanned with CamScanner“Total SS= wrote aoe @lD + G27) Nas eS - ear Be 2) u ’ | “Mus S665 —( 354 s - yey $92+25-4 40-44 5 Qy= (4a. + ) | ANOVA Table oY. db Rows ee SS meses | Feat Hab H 4 ssw gab) Raeristy Puseorat =F (olumns = S1=4 ggegs 5+ 5625 FeO UHET Fy, DEE B-26= Fee Treatments 5-1-4 Yort4y 10-2359 = o-b26 arate ogo Fe Error 12 Wyaegr 12-3850 etre . 3 Total: B4-94 56605 212-39 i , é ny Nene Fer7 Fey ythen we !refectthe PART the Tous effec are! not equal: and Fe, 2 FE, 1 then we rey accept the to, at silos ALL the columns) effect. are equal ! . Los (a and Fea< Peg, then we accept tog ab 7 088 | “a We conclude that all the treatmnenks aftect an A 2) tnatyse the follovsing clecign aind stata ypuneape hs . Se e¥albro) - a Rae / Fg at 87 1 gyeg saa eS 347 Rsyelat 1 Dic y Hpy2 Atha vows efectt are, equals) AV A heb ayeh 0 45°3 sp} 50'8 Boye Ate chums. ects ave a ales is. pit the effec a" nee Bd oy 3887 -ter® e 8B 2 set SET UTI 604 i. “Total ce Dp A Sees c yee Sad OS) 2a 8053 BD Coa ngerh ah¥Orse | : 13, Stel sos” HOGS Vy greys 3a-8 95:3, FS app sths, qua GO eT ag agiore In potty a4 sk A Jat 6s vB aloht ie Y: — Gord euee ; “aguul #0" g ack columns = 4 thoy ak ("7 Los p28) Aaealmentt; : Trealments Go yp, Bao ile Wa edt > gol shylaaod 91 Scanned with CamScanner2 st110-4) neh Cl S+8 due to rows = a il i i, Vig = (20s.2) Uber"? aya ia cant i [) | =5usa50 281 inca i SSduets columns» % 1S ae q ats) CooLephtaowe -6) Ptigse 3 ‘ q 2a | Pubes =a SS duerto treatments = th a. i Oe igouer PeETa PE US! SH(Q00 } t & r =, 126-20) | “bat ss ~ FG hy eh prot ll We 8) ideas = WAP Gooryr= STOMETE aL ay i 28113: 18 — 3109416) = 101922 = OH ) ha (Error S952 Qy>Q@—(Q+Qs+22) 0) 9 \l> Qy= lola ee-( St cas FI Bo + (2K 208) 0) aplnath | | = lol?22> 77960 = = 234-62 t “ANovaTable =, : ey SS) 000 Maggi, Fag > fab ab Stig Rows |’ SUSBS OT TONSIIT. Foye URIS Pye SURTS= Ry i Column Wt Bbe5 9) 47,986 Fe,= | 184o Fac w= Treatmens (262050 42-0683 fe.» |p say ey, 6 -Fy Error, 6 23V62 81-161 gems r “Total e|S totnaa S03 PY MES pal Hetey Fey APs 60 we accept Hoy abe tog. | A G5 "We conclude; thab Alt “the rows effects are equal’? re sy 1 and Fe, 2 fx) Sowe accept Ho, abod% Los 4 Senelude fe *otunms, elects are eqial a “and fea 2 Fty $0 We ‘aeceph to, ae Sth op We conelude that Alt the Areatrhients ch “P= Yor ie aul 4 Flv syog p208 i zum jo b-an= 2wovdo. 001 = 2insitbosth denn Scanned with CamScannerCT supp Value in LSD i= S464 securing eunthtes hak th mam LDS the observation fs missing. het! row, ieoluamee id recetving ki stealer Ut LS dee me “thet the micsing value Sige i Heres & total of known observations tn ‘hyo : a a known observation. th Te eolum x otat of known observations eo ing ipa total of all the known olgervations CRE Cty, ae ws due +o Rows = wid, constant w+ wpb ae oP - CF worth worta 7 SF gos due te Columns = (eos ~) 4 conetant gg due To Treatments = sesh % constant Total sf = «reontant we meatus CF ¢ Total © se (is celue oy Ssdug a” vosduc bearer ep lumMns: cf + cay ob wine erflssss constant oY fee EDs corstar, fant wert evroy & ee Weconsta! ne vba’ ot wert am © F cry icf +008 = 7 (pe (ant one z (Gat font wit? ota choose % $0 ras"E tb tent a : oa Ane Sy} — # 1D wy gt ame 18" 28 42% =O > alm MF) we mnie mal) om >) Scanned with CamScannera anal tmale the. anfssing vate ty Le@D& He tnt (we waite the ‘pay ubltbul After ectimating the mfss ng t, letationt ¢ 3 the given data and the fot{owing cal | Totalof alt-the obcervations = 454 Jit re / SS due ‘tb Rows = Yim Lop 2 Q4 si} M i oe © Colurme= $95. ope ar \ tte fe Trealmente = Zyzk op 2 Qa Total Sega 545, y25 ™ 4 Error Sik UF = @ Hi SE = Qy= Q-(Q, +8483) | Here the mut Rupotticer to be fesled 45 Hoy: Att the ouse effecte ane equal , bg Ho: Alt the columne effects are equal 2 Inf Hos: dit UE -trealmentt effec ane equal > rod . 1 for lesting tke above nut hnypolKeces weean we the fotiowing anova table ANOVA Table, t- HS af Ge sak tab ae ei He # i a is Few) tmeto _Teatels ™-} os oe fi 5 Fpl Error oi (iyern-2) eye. nal wD oe 3 Fone sro Total m2 Q Riel ei af Foy ZF) pthen! we accept Hoy atl” Loc a. 58 “We eonelude that lt the tows ateck are equal = 1 Fe, Pig, sthen, wo accept Ho, ak ay, Loc i Sect. that Atl th aha effects are equal et Fey SPH then we accept Hog ate LOS) 2 © We comelude thal diy Uk: Areatmnente ets ave equal. \niee Se } “Chinen ) CO) Gi) ee S- Tho tI) ne = ne) (lay EYED poy FES) eve Scanned with CamScannery AnalycEstinalé the mfsefngvalue land analysethe destqn FE BoA es ST MAT es A DC BE ; tseg (27 (UT 166 Me CoB RA D 197% 18 Wer lee BAD Ee tyes MeL IBT 188, lee e CA D B iad WI OS (3 (BT Here m=5 , 2~ total of Enown observations. tn wntsstngrmig = 6920 ss | |e total of known observation tn miscingcoluran=53°8 | T= total of known observations recetving ‘greatment B= 66° ga total of all tho known observations ~ 3727 |». Missing value a= miere+t]- 26 Gn) (m-2) Ws 5 [60-2-483-8-166-U)> 20912"T — (4) (@) RE QUT WS 2 18 Tandy “realmente Table Fee me ; a'e ec DCE tees: (ST) 12 “ hs? Kare sacha pa ed a tea TED pegs heb: UT (24 nae cB, ek A P yee, Nbr a7 1B fT Mpeg WES wr [eB Bey tyes tard wi Ie) iG fe Ue] tee te, I me fy iei7 ea, Yee BS Weel Me) VP gst see € ¢c iM fo lye lor rd 20.4 “100g 146 20° > - CoP Yor (284-5) 6008 th me as > Seg due to Rows= 4 die cr ws os” Segoe ETD oe SE 606 44 ————5 } 5 a = 45-0480 = Y g nA oi Scanned with CamScanner°$ duels columns = Ea LaF " (G0-1F4 (10-6)"4 frues'd taore) AED) — 6068-417 Hi © Hoye Alt the Hogs AU tho Fea, 4 Pts S 1 ae ‘te Taal the tredniaste effectr ane.cqual- Estimate lho musing value Analyse the design : | we conclu c¢ BAD ae Be 42 as A DB eC yo 34) yeas Bc DA 35 3B ae HO pac B yo Bt al 30 ee ~ ss due te treatments } Wessepbeaya eo tttteay an | as (93.075 (oegy | 5 pitas > 485 ie -or o RUS) Uta) 9 2 (inayr-2% = 6269-07~6068- UI = 1 Error g.¢ 2 Qu= QL Q27 83 Qu = 200: 66=(atogyo+ 16 120+ | Woy Qu = 200766 14.Q. g240 = S1°8360 vy Here Ike mutt K ypothesie +0 be teed & 1 ha tnd Hoyt Alt the rows effects are equal colurnns effects are “4 Tredioentc effects are.equat: for testing the above null hypotheses ) » ANova table 3— SV SS Mess foal, Fab Rows % USOHR — DOD Per QIGR Fyyyy = 3060 Couns aleoey 5*266 Fe Auk _ oF 6068-4) 00+ bb = { as: 0480) q log ak SZ LOS lagaa dros eMecks one equal and ; Gre 3 Scanned with CamScannerEr Here Fea Ee Laos et AE a ge R= total of kenouan observations th awfcding eo NOT to p Cae dbservaltons to wit sing eolurnn = $4 oe (frown ohterv ation wecetutna Veatmerd B= 49 s=to a oF all known ofkervattons = “4 dissing value int = am {aac+T|-25 | : tm-DOm-2) r+ sLoreenatfaacirp Wen)2an, 9) =. SG f c By A D ag 34 42 25 124 ee Ge 1D) A dD Bre go 34, ah 25 op et Se qo 3l 2% 34 B cD A Yor 3S 38 2 35 33 ab 410 134 3130 A 80 a aN & 30 928 ts3) p30F US” fyo 31 a 30 (a2 8 143 W42 I20 123 52824 2 2 oP Yee (628) yp qyoy'! ms lo : SSdue te AOWS = & ce a nay 385% Cea Class Tua = HB / a eugdue to columns = 29+. oF m Cua Ueay 207 A023" tua = WS = $6 due to dhoatments = 4 gE oe | Y A = (saycittigo) + USDA ey pep a4 ; (3) 4030) FE oe Total $.s = Seat ~CF fun tere Pare Error ss = Qu = R- COORD vaths sno Qu= Cld-( ogee tte HBS) Me, ip’ aca Mere athe, null hypotheses © be (ested ios! tb Meyer Hos Ati the. reu3s ‘eMedth he equal at Hoss All the eolurrms ebects anelequdl iviniid Mog. Attthe. trealments cied’s ue ejuel Va stay pe. 0) 211424 aye ee i i Scanned with CamScanner— Use: 2 test: te all othores W260"? re 4 Fe osessbl } above. (Ke Sup ie | a mcs | feat *rab a fi ert Fey2 02456 Fs Saal BAT (Fey 2 016148 F415 =15y 65D fea = VI243 F3,5 = 5» ouel wi P | Total Mere as , ik > Fer 2 Pur, $0 we accept ty, ak $/-L08 + We condtude that atthe wows effects ie GIS equal and fea ZFL, ps0 we acces ak Sj. Los 2 Sowa ree he Hoa SH al a | Re conclude UR AW the columns elfeds ee CNA 1 | OPA Fs 2 fig 60 Woe acceptllyal 57 Sym ag | i We conclude (ak guy the healmenb axe oe Relative Effictency of ReB-D c ed CRD 4 pea cere ee eae ee Fee Se have the folloveing ANOY Table of RB-D ist i Blocks v4 M) (RIM c i . 1 i veatments $-{ Ms (GMa | Brror (yyer oe n " Total Ser Pe alee bd t with only one trea DP we conduct the Same experimen we have the following table deh Megs Ss 1 uae To M (rpm i 1 _ Brror (St) A DR LAP) Ee yf Total ¥s-| Ce My TELS DAR 7 ; ut blocks therm the, | DY the same expertment conducted with otal sum of cquores ty same as the error’ sum i se Error meansquare tn BBD, | p> _ Byrormean equate! to ¢8:D- ; a i lone “aye. estimated value of ee ting she engesimentahuntte of ROB D ts qiven by. ad 1a .22 ee aM eR BERT — Sas bee ts-| boyy the relative Efffetency, of RB: a Lis Joy Teoeaa)s, ee ee xloo Lo Py rn ~ oR A) | | Scanned with CamScannerx00 i | pepine - | Pepe, er eot us sD a x00 , i Relative & Ficteney of Les:'D competred to CRDIi- ‘ rep ts gtven by j The velakive efftetency of Le seb compared to ce \ RE = TE xlob- a for Errormean square tn CRD $3, = Errormean zqvare, te Ls where D + from the! AN pve table oF SR We may get the value of AL oN af me Ses os font val My tr-My | Columns 1 Mo. bees Mos ’ Treaimesls ¥-! Me Gea Error Url) Or-2) a ae) * i Tora TI af know the value aera therefore , We have bo eat We al Pectimate tk © ding the pNovitable of For we conduct the Base experment, vith out: applying the treatments jit we opty ory one treatment then the ANOVA Table will be a “followe, ' } oN ab t " Rows | FT columns 4 Mao) Wabi, eror tre AL rer srt | = rl pp arairartatth Oe et gil ment wil CRD by the experiment F 4 we conduct an experi Uuntig which belongs to 1-S’D then the total Summ of Squantes i uares will be -the error sum of 6qun in gare! fr eRO ec hotth nae experimental anil the Err one wher) | Boe ara tc 7) 1 KO Ww 5 a lng he EAE x lod Scanned with CamScannerMMs a bane (re DRE ae » Be Dim -p '3,glven, iby | Relate Bei cRene d 10% H y of Lise compared °° 1 Recto of te compete i re f! BL xloo | Wheto at +. Pe Be WF i hete, Se= Error meancquare to eed re | F_ = Error meansquare in LD Wemay get the Wlue of S$ -homthe ANOvP Sev dF mages | SHS Rows tH AD un 1 Columne 7 My mir a | Treatments no ie Ma) i per tretesy? ae fer, Total ry OL (eager op BD ’ i But, we dont know the error mean square ne There fore 1, We. have $0 ectimate t by using LED lone rotths cut applying aut-the reaiments## we apply only One 1. ANOVA; co Areatment on -expertmental, unttt then the aNovA tal if (04 Follows i i sey def Meek ae hg wall 4 Rows FY My DM) fuhoy oe a “columns Nie tray! Irom aatii Brora (rier i wall eet 4 ih Taking rows ar blecke, we conduct 2 experimen Wits ReBsD,,, [Ren we find sthe value of nas follows abt oul ! Dany ONE uy ia Ay = Mabey HU EL ot ; # HOPED ile rythm 4 , wy O45 sh Mare DAT bina ot tpat eed ! r ROM wh 1 Vb og . 4 OS REB > Motta TW Ldkaseriesae. ) i i + _ 7p 100 Mw a 1 bd cng i JT) 4 2M. + OrdeD FM) = 4 NO — 5 sore MU ag yy Takéng columne at blocks we epnduc! the expeyinent wots then we -find thevalue of Sg -at-follows 2 FOV IPC) ey) ad Tee 4 ‘ ‘ Scanned with CamScanneraM te Det ' 7 pe = Mab vet Ia Cs a : : J re | PLOT, ge wh AL : fan Poctorial Faperiments?-Tn the Soreqoing experinients, yertownied giher in C*ReD or RBeD or LSD, we were! wtmcanlly Conee yl the Comparison and estimation of the: ef be ofa. single fot of -Irealments [tke Varieties of- wheatydttferent methods of caltivation fertilisers or manures pte: Such experiments which. deal with one -factor only may be calted. imple experiments Jn factorial. experiments; the efiec of several factors oF vaviation ave ducted and twvestiqaled simultaneously, the dyectments beng atl the combination: of” different factors under buat D there: experiments an attempt t¢ mace to estimate the effects off cath of the factors and the interaction effect | uy. In general at ‘expertment means an expeionent | with fF) -factore leach at ‘UV levele, For exareple ,arexpextmgny "factors each at 2! levels, 2° factors each ak ith ‘a’ factors means an experiment with ‘2’ caperimenk means: an experiment with, ‘3 levélsy 3” experiment mean an experiment wi Pdeciqn = Here) we have|a factors each bt 2 tevelslor!) Sup £0 that there. are, &X2.= 4+ treatment combination, fn alt: Fallowing the notationt due Yates! let the copia lees A anace ndicalé the names 4 Ke “two factors, under stud and Lat. the jemall fettéts '°0 an 'b denote one of the two lewls of each of the Cortecpondiney factors and this will be called the ‘aA level ther nstlevet 4 hand BR is everatly expressed the absence of the’ conresponcl tm | ta pected combtnatfons « te -four reso etbinations can be enumerated o& follows : +d) (mn)! a Be ary o1/ls Phetdner rand B at * Leth 1a po tbndnan (24 ba (or) a: Aabanteyal and e aa at Pills sll BO Gloss waaslanel ane BEAT TE a) mar! yaks Both the -factors ‘in hnd'B abe” : winger these four dreatment-combinations Can compared a a by Scanned with CamScanners png out the experiment fv eh) RE b ch block contatntng four untls Sr til) 420 Leg i OVA can be carried oul accordingly, 14 i\,| dn th dpere are & aegrees of Pecdom wet emeceanesl effects: In farclevial cay Ie Malm objective ts to carry cut seperale ‘ests Pee ArB and the trleraction, 2 » inte ent um of squares with 3 degrees freed, freedeng nena components each wslthisome deqreerq. A and B each accoclated eftker with (he main elfe ¢ \ raction effect + ie Ssppote-the facial experiment wth 2 | uy Pie ‘actonial experiment k cated Eb Pitdele or renteates @ they ae. ofa) Fhe oe tre Cra, Cb, fab] denote, -the total yields, of id lok vk receivin the streatments 1) a,b) ab wespectivd Hhesell ee bale re ye mean wallet oftatned on aye The lotions 1p, 72 be denoted by (1) )(a))(b) /Ab) epg | Mele due om ae When wlll represent” the magni} 1. Nespectively. trfactors A and B and thelr interacti > ite s ; i °° eM has athe of factor A’ i foliatey eneel of factor A can be vapresented-by ithe! die Thusthe or ok otto obkained ak: each bevel; 1» iensal i factor fat the-tirst level bo'of B= (arb,) + li i =(ayeu)'s+¥Ou “The elfeck of Jactornatthesccondtevelly of B= (aby) ~ (addi) D0 These’ two: effecls tr OF py Sab): A Ae and. 1s 1 | of he actor’. a feria orhectiplachedlg The average eflecti of -factor (oy oe li Sboyale gt. chactenB Bee calle the Maleelone ‘ wi: tie my : 4 1) Magn elfect of A = lab) +b), Sf 7 i OA str pLEeA on, of AR | setied = $(a-0 4) The maineffeck of facton Bir). nm botmmcs ad Al e effect ‘actor Be can represented By the dif bet! ce ok ‘obtained abeach tvel'y A - bo 4 Thusthe effe Wapato Bak Airctlevel Boot Are phy) = Ge Lsengren> 3d sage : op). sil hy % yd Scanned with CamScanner