Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PRESENTED BY :
DR.NISCHAL NIRAULA
KUSMS
Maxillary and Mandibular landmarks
Labial frenum
Labial vestibule
Buccal frenum
Buccal vestibule
Hamular notch
Posterior palatal seal
Fovea palatinae
Labial frenum
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
a) Limits labial flange of denture.
FEATURES
a) Thin mucosa and thick submucosa with large amount of loose areolar
tissue and elastic fibers.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The labial flange of the denture will be in complete contact with labial
vestibule to provide a peripheral seal in the denture.
Buccal frenum
Band of fibrous tissue overlying the levator anguli oris,that divides
labial vestibule from buccal vestibule.
The orbicularis oris pulls frenum forward and the buccinator pulls it
backward
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Since it has muscular attachments adequate relief must be provided to
prevent the dislodgment of denture.(that is,it can move posteriorly as a
result of the buccinator muscle and anteriorly as a result of the
orbicularis oris.)
Buccal vestibule
Buccal vestibule extends from the buccal frenum to the hamular notch.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The patient’s mouth must be half open during impression
taking,because opening of mouth during final impression results the
coronoid process to come front narrowing buccal vestibule.
Hamular notch
Hamular notch forms the distal limit of the buccal vestibule ,located
between the tuberosity and the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
If denture border is short of the hamular notch The denture will not
have a posterior seal resulting in loss of retention of the denture.
“The soft tissues at or along the junction of the hard and soft palate on
which pressure along the physiological limits of the tissues can be
applied by the the denture to aid in the retention of the denture.”-GPT
…..
Functions:
a) Aids in retention by maintaining contact with the soft palate during
functional movements like speech,mastication and deglutition.
b) Reduces the tendency for gag reflex as it prevents the formation of the
gap between the denture base and the soft palate during during
functional movements.
Types:
1. Anterior vibrating line
2. Posterior vibrating line
Anterior vibrating line
It is an imaginary line lying at the junction between the immovable
tissue over the hard palate and the slightly movable tissues of the soft
palate.
The position of the fovea palatinae also influences the posterior border of
the denture.
The secretion of the fovea spreads as a thin film on the denture therefore
aiding in retention.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
In patients with thick ropy saliva,the fovea palatina should be left
uncovered or else the thick saliva flowing between the tissue and the
denture can increase the hydrostatic pressure and displace the denture.
Supporting structures
A)Primary stress bearing areas
1. Hard palate
2. The postero-lateral slopes of the residual alveolar ridge.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
a) The trabecular pattern in the bone is perpendicular to the direction of
force,making it capable of withstanding any amount of force without
marked resorption.
Posterolateral slopes of residual ridge
“The portion of the alveolar ridge and its soft tissue covering which
remains following removal of the teeth.”-GPT
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
a) The vertical forces during physiological activities like mastication falls
on denture and is transmitted posteriorly.The posterolateral slopes of
the ridge bears the force and hence is the primary supporting
structure.
Rugae
These are the mucosal folds located in the anterior region of the palatal
mucosa.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
a) The area is less likely to resorb.
1. Incisive papillae
2. Midpalatine raphe
Incisive papillae
It is the midline structure situated behind the central incisors.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANE
a) While making final impression pressure should not be applied on this
region.
Midpalatine raphe
This is the median suture area covered by a thin submucosa.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
a) If pressure is applied during impression making,the denture base will
cause soreness over the midpalatine raphe area.
Mandibular landmarks
Limiting structures
Labial frenum
It consists band of fibrous connective tissue and helps to attach
orbicularis oris muscle.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
a) During final impression making sufficient relief must be given
without compromising the peripheral seal.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.
a) Extent of the denture flange in this region is often limited because of
muscle that are inserted close to the crest of the ridge.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.
a) Relief for buccal frenum is given in denture to avoid displacement of
the denture.
Buccal vestibule
Extends from buccal frenum to the outside back corner of the retromolar
pad.
The masseter muscle contracts under heavy closing force and pushes
inward against the buccinators muscle to produce a massetric notch in the
distobuccal border of the lower denture.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The relief for the lingual frenum should be registered during function.
Retromolar pad
It is a non-keratinised triangular pear-shaped pad of tissue at the distal
end of the lower ridge.
Submucosa contains glandular tissue, fibers of buccinators and
superior constrictor muscle, pterygomandibular raphe and terminal
part of the tendon of the temporalis.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.
a) The distal end of the denture pad should cover 2/3rd of the retromolar
pad.
b) The retromolar pad provides the peripheral posterior seal for the
lower denture.
Pterygomandibular raphe
Raphe=tendinous insertion of two muscles.
Arises from the hamular process of the medial pterygoid and gets
attached to the mylohyoid ridge.
Muscular attachments present here are:
a) superior constrictor---postreolaterally
b) Buccinator-------------anterolaterally
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
a) Since it is very prominent in some patients a notch like relief must be
provided on the denture.
Alveolingual Sulcus
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The lingual flange of the lower denture will be short
anteriorly than posteriorly
The lingual flange in the middle region slopes medially
towards the tongue
Buccal shelf area
It is the area between buccal frenum and anterior border of masseter
muscle.
BOUNDARIES:
a) Medially-the crest of the ridge.
b) Distally-the retromolar pad
c) Laterally-the external oblique ridge.
The slopes of residual alveolar ridge have thin plate of cortical bone.The
slopes of the ridge are at an acute angle to occlusal forces.
Hence,it is considered as a SECONDARY stress bearing area.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.
a) Any movable soft tissue overlying the ridge should not be compressed
while making impression.
Relief areas
Mental foramen
Genial tubercle
Torus mandibularis
Mental foramen
It lies between the 1st and 2nd premolar region.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
a) It should be relieved in these areas as pressure over the nerve passing
through it can get compressed leading to paraesthesia of lower lip.
Genial tubercle
Torus mandibularis
a) These are the abnormal bony prominence found bilaterally on the
lingual side, near the premolar region.
b) It is covered by thin mucosa.
c) It has to be relieved or surgically removed,
according to its size and extent.
REFERENCES
Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patient : Zarb Bolender
Preclinical manual of prosthodontics : S Lakshmi
Impressions for complete dentures : Bernard Levin
Textbook of Prosthodontic : Nallasyamy