Sciknow Publications Ltd.

JMIR 2013, 1(1):10-17

Journal of Mechanics & Industry Research DOI: 10.12966/JMIR.05.03.2013
©Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)

An Intelligent Transportation System Using Wireless Technologies

for Indian Railways
Shivesh Tripathi*, V. S. Tripathi
MNNIT, Allahabad, KIET, Ghaziabad, India

*Corresponding author (shiveshtripathi@gmail.com)

Abstract – Development of an intelligent transportation system for Indian Railways will increase its efficiency and safety.
Speedy development of emerging technologies such as communication and computing, intelligent systems, technological de-
velopment of railway industries can be effectively integrated over existing infrastructures for Indian Railway (IR) to develop and
design railway intelligent transportation system (RITS). The use of RITS architecture encourages structured development and
integration of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) that lead to maximization of benefits by minimizing redundancies
and maximizing capabilities. This paper discusses feasibility of using wireless technologies for a multi-layered RITS archi-
tecture that can be designed for integrating generated information. The paper also addresses the design issues and challenges in
the IR scenario, particularly safety aspects.
Keywords – RITS, ITS, Wireless Technologies, Indian Railways

nologies such as intelligent navigation system, intelligent

1. Introduction
Indian railways (IR) are the third largest railway network in
the world in terms of size and fourth largest rail freight carrier
[1]. However, there are many critical and important issues to
be looked into:
1. Signaling and control systems are vulnerable and ac-
cident rates are high.
2. The requirement for capacity enhancement in the rail-
way network.
3. Technological up-gradation for better maintenance of
railway assets.
4. Need for enhancement to passenger services and safety,
and up-gradation of the railway production units for improved
efficiency and productivity.
These shortfalls in IR have significant negative economic
impact and need immediate attention from the authority.
Some initiatives like project IR vision 2020 [3] show the
government intention towards improving efficiency and
safety of passengers. Project IR vision 2020 call for a quan-
tum jump in every dimension and IR needs to upgrade the
traditional technical approach. Railway transportation system
therefore has to integrate latest developments of science and
technologies. Many developed prototype systems include-
positive train control [5] in North America, Australia using
the concept of communication-based train control, network
centric system [6], advanced train management system with
the aim of safety and increasing efficiency. Using the tech-
emergency and safety supervision system, intelligent railway
resource management system, intelligent train control and
monitoring system, modern communication technology, data
and image processing system, decision-making system, ar-
tificial intelligent networks, sensor networks, storage system
etc. An Efficient and intelligent railway transportation sys-
tems can be designed [10]. This will bring a revolutionary
change in IR transportation system development of RITS is
also useful for modern railroad system which will have inte-
grated system of all transportation medium.
An efficient RITS will enable railways to detect naxalite
or terrorist attacks, notify appropriate authorities, and recover
more rapidly from the incidents. Railways will have conti-
nuous, real-time information with which they can manage
their operations. The need for enhancement to passenger
services and safety can be fulfilled by use of RITS based on
wireless technologies. A wireless communication based RITS
can bring together a number of technologies, for example,
sensors, communications, computing, intelligent control,
management, interlocks, speed control, customer service,
planning and scheduling and many more. The RITS based on
wireless communication will be fast, more robust and reliable.
It can support a broadcast based communication, resulting in a
good coverage of IR geographically. This paper discusses
feasibility of using wireless technologies for a multi-layered
RITS architecture that can be designed for integrating gener-
ated information. The paper also addresses the design issues
and challenges in the IR scenario, particularly safety aspects.
 Journal of Mechanics & Industry Research (2013) 10-17
Rest of the paper is organized as follows. A very brief review
of available wireless technologies is discussed in section 2.
Major elements of RITS are presented in section 3, while its
architecture based on wireless communication is discussed in
section 4. Important design issues and challenges are illu-
strated in section 5. Section 6 concludes the paper.
2. Available wireless network
Wireless communication technology stands for a technique
for information-transfer between two or more devices that are
not physically connected. Wireless communications can be
via: radio waves or microwaves. It can also use infrared (IR)
short-range communication in consumer IR devices such as
remote controls or via Infrared Data Association (IrDA).
Microwave communication is generally long-range
line-of-sight via highly directional antennas. The applications
may involve point-to-point communication,
point-to-multipoint communication, broadcasting, cellular
networks and other wireless networks. The wireless commu-
nication as is stands today, can be broadly discussed under
following sub-section:
2.1. WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access)
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)
is a wireless communications standard. It can provide 30 to 40
mbps data rates. Its 2011 update can provide 1 Gbit/s. It is a
part of a “fourth generation,” or 4G, of wire-
less-communication technology. It can provide 30-metre
range for conventional Wi-Fi local area network (LAN). It is a
a standards-based technology that can deliver last mile wire-
less broadband access. It can be considered as an alternative to
cable and DSL, but with data-transfer rates that are superior to
conventional cable-modem and DSL connections. However,
the bandwidth is shared among multiple users. Thi yields
lower speeds in practice.
2.2. GPS (Global Positioning System)
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satel-
lite navigation system. It provides location and time infor-
mation anywhere on or near the Earth. It requires an unob-
structed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is
maintained by the United States government. The GPS ser-
vice is freely accessible to everyone. It is used by military,
civil and commercial users around the world. In addition, GPS
is the backbone for the global air traffic system.
The GPS project was developed in 1973. GPS was created
by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and was originally
run with 24 satellites. It became fully operational in 1994.
Next generation of GPS III satellites and Operational Control
System (OCX) is being developed.
Some other systems are developed similar to GPS. Some
of them are- the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System
(GLONASS), European Union Galileo positioning system,
Chinese Compass navigation system and Indian Regional
11
Navigational Satellite System. Besides satellite navigation,
GPS devices have additional capabilities such as:
2.3. Automotive Navigation System
An automotive navigation system is a satellite navigation
system designed for use in automobiles. It uses a GPS navi-
gation device to acquire position data to locate the user on a
road in the map-database. Using the road-database, the unit
can give directions to other locations along roads also in its
database.
2.4. Cellular Communication
A mobile phone, cellular phone or cell phone is a device that
can make and receive telephone calls over a wireless link
whilst moving around a wide geographic area. It is done by
connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone
operator. This allows access to the public telephone network.
On the other hand a similar device called cordless telephone is
used for a short distance in a single, private base station.
Modern mobile phones support a wide variety of other
services such as SMS (text messaging), MMS, email, Internet
access, Bluetooth, gaming, photography and many office and
business applications. Mobile phones having such complex
and diverse computing capabilities are called smart phones.
2.5. Radio Frequency Identification-Personal digital as-
sistant
A personal digital assistant (PDA), palmtop computer, or
personal data assistant, is a mobile device working as a per-
sonal information manager. PDAs can be connected to the
Internet, intranets or extranets via Wi-Fi or Wireless Wide
Area Networks. Most PDAs employ touch screen technology.
PDAs are currently being replaced by smart phones.
2.6. Micro power Radio
Micro power radio is a low-power radio broadcasting system.
It has a radiated power range of 100 watts to 0.1 watt. It
transmits for a small local group having recipients called
listeners or viewers. It gives an avenue for small groups and
individuals to provide local broadcasts of information and
entertainment. Micro power radio is a non-commercial ser-
vice. In the early 1990s it became popular because of the
desire for such a service in local communities.
2.7. GIS (Global Information System)
A geographic information system is a system designed to
capture, store, process, analyze and manage all types of geo-
graphical data. GIS is considered as combination of carto-
graphy, statistical analysis, and database technology.
A GIS can be defined as a system-it digitally creates and
processes spatial areas that may be jurisdictional, purpose, or
application-oriented. Generally, a GIS is custom-designed for
an organization. Hence, a GIS developed for an application
may not be necessarily interoperable or compatible with a GIS
that has been developed for some other application.
It is an information system that integrates stores, edits,
12 Shivesh Tripathi and V. S. Tripathi: An Intelligent Transportation System Using Wireless Technologies for Indian Railways
analyzes, shares, and displays geographic information for
informing decision making. The term GIS-Centric is defined
as the use of the Esri ArcGIS geodatabase as the asset/feature
data repository central to computerized maintenance man-
agement system (CMMS) as a part of enterprise asset man-
agement and analytical software systems. GIS-centric certi-
fication criteria has been defined by the National Association
of GIS-Centric Solutions. GIS applications are considered as
the tools that allow users to create interactive queries, analyze
spatial information, edit data in maps and then present the
results for further use.
2.8. Telematics and Information Systems (TAIS)
Telematics is an integrated use of telecommunications and
informatics. It is also known as ICT (Information and Com-
munications Technology). Hence the application of telematics
is with any of the following:
1. Lexus Gen V navigation system
2. The technology of sending, receiving and storing in-
formation via telecommunication devices.
3. The integrated use of telecommunications and infor-
matics, for application in vehicles and with control of vehicles
on the move.
4. Automotive navigation systems.
A recent application area is the use of such systems within
road vehicles, in which case the term vehicle telematics may
be used. In contrast telemetry is the transmission of mea-
surements from the location of origin to the location of
computing and consumption. No control on the remote ob-
jects is included in telemetry. Normally it is applied in testing
of flight objects but has multiple other uses.
Although the majority of devices that integrate telecom-
munications and information technology are not vehicles.
They are, surprisingly, mobile phones and tablets. Telemat-
ics2.0 is an extension of traditional telematics that utilizes
Smartphone technology within a telematics solution.
2.9. Satellite communication system (COMSAT)
A communication satellite (or COMSAT) is an artificial sa-
tellite stationed in space for the purpose of communication.
Modern communications satellites are placed in anyone of
variety of orbits- geostationary orbits, Molniya orbits and low
polar and non-polar Earth orbits.
For fixed point-to-point services, the satellite provides a
microwave relay technology. For mobile applications such as
communications to ships, vehicles, planes and hand-held
terminals satellite communication system is a preferred solu-
tion as other means are impractical or impossible.
A satellite navigation system is a system of satellites that
provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global
coverage. It allows small electronic receivers to determine
their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude). It uses signals
transmitted along a line-of-sight by radio from satellites.
Receivers calculate the precise time as well as position, which
can be used as a reference. A satellite navigation system
having global coverage is called global navigation satellite
system or GNSS.
3. Indian Railways- The IT framework
Major parts of RITS would comprise IT related resources.
They are broadly divided into four segments: i) railway tele-
communication, ii) railway computer networks, iii) passenger
reservation systems, and iv) freight operation information
system.
3.1. Railway Telecommunication (Rail Tel) Corporation of
India Limited
Under the Ministry of Railways Government of India, Rail
Tel [7] is responsible to create a nationwide broadband tele-
communication and multimedia network. In fact, it has pro-
duced the state-of-the-art multimedia telecommunication
network using SDH/DWDM (synchronous digital hie-
rarchy/dense wavelength division multiplex-ing)-based
transmission systems and high-end routers for MPLS-IP
(multiprotocol level switching–Internet protocol) network.
Existing 36,000 route-kms of Optical Fiber Cable (OFC)
running along IR track in many parts of the country is planned
to be extended to 50,000 km of rail-route covering most of the
stations and commercial requirement (5000+) on its backbone
by the end of 2012.
3.2. Railway Computer Networks (RAILNET)
RAILNET [8] offers computer connectivity between various
offices such as Railway Board, Zonal Railways, Production
Units, Centralized Training Institutes, and 46 Major Training
Institutes. It has the potential for transfer of messages, files,
e-mails between important locations on IR. In addition, the
internal web site in railway board and zonal railway head-
quarters support codes, manual procedure orders, policy di-
rectives and so on.
3.3. Passenger Reservation System (PRS)
Center for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) is the inter-
nal service provider for PRS. It is responsible for design,
development and implementation of computer based infor-
mation systems and associated communication networks and
products, support and other systems. Currently over 1200
locations with 5000 terminals cover journey of more than
3000 trains and executes one million passenger transactions
every day. It integrates five regional reservation centers as
illustrated in Fig. 1(c). Internet booking has started in 2002
and capable of providing reservations for 22 hours per day
(uptime of PRS is 99.5%).
3.4. Freight Operations Information System (FOIS)
Responsible for total logistic system, FOIS deals with online
real time system for management and control of freight traffic.
FOIS is based on a hierarchical tree topology. It connects all
major regional head quarter. It uses heterogeneous commu-
nication media such as IR owned OFC, digital microwave,
leased channels from Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, Inte-
 Journal of Mechanics & Industry Research (2013) 10-17
grated Service Digital Network (ISDN), Very Small Aperture
Terminal based satellite links. It constitutes Rake Manage-
ment System which captures events such as customer indents,
wagon supply, and departure/arrival in real time. Terminal
Management System ensures billing and account of freight
earnings, calculation of freight charges, and generation of
railway receipt and so on. Parcel Management System covers
parcel booking, cancellation and loading, monitoring and
tracking and Radio Frequency Identification tags for tracing
parcel. To meet the freight demand and enhance the quality of
service, six dedicated freight corridors (DFC) are planned.
Two of which are expected to be in operation before 2020.
R TEL
Fig. 1. Existing IT Infrastructures: a) OFC System Architec-
ture (RailTel); b) Railway Network (RAILNET);
NASI c) Country
Wide Network of Computerized Enhanced Reservation and
Ticketing (CONCERT); d) FOIS
4. Important Components of RITS Ar-
chitecture
The development of a wireless-based RITS for command,
control, defect detection, and planning and scheduling sys-
tems can prevent collisions and over speed accidents. They
can prevent hijackings and runaways, increase capacity and
asset utilization, increase reliability, improve service to cus-
tomers, and improve energy efficiency and emissions. They
can increase economic viability and profits, and enable rail-
ways to measure and control costs and to manage the unex-
pected.
13
4.1. The Major Constituents of RITS
The major architectural components which operate at differ-
ent levels of railway management and operation are
grouped in:
1. Intelligent Train Control and Operation Management
System (ITCOMS) – It deals with proper operation and con-
trol of train. It offers control over speeding up train and
numbers of train on track with scheduling. It is also respon-
sible for managing locomotive, rolling stocks and all opera-
tion related resources/infrastructures.
2. Intelligent Monitoring and Emergency Rescue System
(IMERS) – The objective of IMERS is to improve the safety
of railway as well as passengers and goods. Various tech-
nologies and systems monitor real time status of trains, track
surrounding environment and automate processing where
applicable as well as keep informing track side supervisory
and management systems. The track surrounding environ-
ment is not yet monitored. This leads to one of the major
accident reasons as tracks are disturbed intentionally or be-
cause of other reasons. Passing through very difficult terrain
and forest, track and its surrounding monitoring has become
one of the key challenges to IR. Still there is no plan of mon-
itoring the area near to the tracks.
3. Reliable and Control Software – Control software
should act as a nerve system for rail transportation. The
software must be highly reliable and flexible to deal with the
complexity of railway intelligent transportation system.
4. Train-to-Ground Station Communication – This is
another very important aspect to have effective control and
operation of railway transportation system. It requires many
heterogeneous networks for timely information transmission
enabling immediate corrective and necessary action.
5. Computational Platform – A computational platform
can assess the reliability and safety of railway systems. It must
be designed keeping in view the human- machine behaviors,
management strategies and so on.
6. Knowledge Discovery from Information Integration –
Intensive information are available and must be collected,
stored and studied on regular basis to bring improvement
in rail transportation system.These components operate at
different levels in the layered RITS architecture. They must
be interconnected with efficient communication (always on)
facilities.
5. RITS Layered Architecture
Communication facilities are the key elements of RITS which
keep every system integrated and coupled. As illustrated in
Fig. 2, the layer architecture is divided into five different
levels. The top level focuses on the major services (us-
er/application subsystem) offered by RITS. While, rest of the
main four levels comprises of all the key components, i.e.
IMERS, ITCOMS and ICSS. It presents a functional view of
the RITS user services [9] called as Logical architecture.
1. User Application Subsystem- This level is intended for
14 Shivesh Tripathi and V. S. Tripathi: An Intelligent Transportation System Using Wireless Technologies for Indian Railways
end user applications such as reservations, enquiry, goods and
freight booking and tracking.
2. The central management and control subsystem- It
is responsible for overall management and control of all the
available static and floating resources. They are responsible
for both passenger and freight traffic management and control,
safety and timely rescue operation. The user navigation sys-
tem offers passengers or consignee making optimal travel
plans by using available information round the clock. Simi-
larly, e-Business allows Internet ticket booking, catering and
railway related services via e-Payment. The intelligent re-
source management system helps efficient management of
financial, infrastructure and maintenance. On the other hand,
train operation and management system ensures train time
schedule, passenger traffic management, freight traffic man-
agement and so on.
Fig. 2. Railway Intelligent Transportation Systems Ar-
chitecture
Information exchange among different modes of trans-
portation and decision about change in transportation mode is
supported by inter model transportation system. The train
monitoring and control system should able to detect posi-
tion/status of train and other resources in real time. Because
IR involves a large amount of transaction per day and a large
number of employees, an efficient, comprehensive accounting
and transaction system as well as reliable budget compilation
system must be used.
3. Railway Station Subsystem– It comprises railway sta-
tion inspecting system, signal testing and control system,
interlocking control, freight transportation and user accessible
services and applications. While inspecting system ensures
proper order and present health of incoming and outgoing
trains, signal testing and control takes care of error free and
efficient routing and flow. Latest information relating to
passenger and goods trains must be made available at the
station. To avoid overcrowding automatic ticket machine and
verification machine must be made available for passengers.
4. Train Onboard Subsystem– Very important in case of
emergency. It should be equipped with inspection and main-
tenance systems for emergency. It should have effective train
control mechanism to handle proper operation and commu-
nication system to deal with information transmission to
railway station subsystem, or central management and control
subsystem or train-to-train or other transportation systems. A
health management and information system becomes neces-
sary in a huge geographical area.
5. Rail Trackside Subsystem–Keeping trains on track is an
important issue. Intelligent track and road intersection super-
vision system will not only monitor the status and condition of
tracks and associated infrastructure, provide the signal for
incoming train but they will also automatically close the un-
manned intersection points and prevent any disastrous that
may occur. Wayside equipment sensors can identify defects
that can occur on passing trains so they can be stopped for
necessary repairs. Among the defects that can be detected by
wayside sensors are overheated bearings and wheels, deteri-
orating bearings, cracked wheels, derailed wheels, and ex-
cessively high and wide loads. The subsystem also equipped
with GIS based track maintenance, accident inspection and
timely prevention and recovery mechanism.
6. Design Issues and Challenges to
Safety
Railway system is very complex and produces large quantities
of data, mostly in proprietary formats, which are difficult to
understand, elaborate and share. The data is to be stored in
efficient database systems from which useful information
could be extracted. Efficient acquisition of information,
transmission and flow and sharing of information are some of
the critical issues which need to be addressed. An important
method to integrate spatial and attributed data is to use
common platform. Fig. 3 illustrates an example of architec-
ture for a common platform.
In a modular form the common data platform is divided
into 3 level systems: i) Ministry level – has highest access and
full control management and planning ii) The Zonal Level
–has full access and control of data in its respective zone, and
iii) The Divisional level – limited to the divisional geography.
Data base design
Normally follows the Client-Server approach as in the
case of largely distributed data in the enterprise like Wipro,
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), IBM etc. Requests from
any end first go to the "listener", few thousands of listeners
handle the multiple requests in the beginning and they transfer
the request to server, and in the server there are three phases: i)
 Journal of Mechanics & Industry Research (2013) 10-17
Parsing, ii) Fetch, and iii) Execute. Parsing will check the
syntax of the requests. Fetch is a normal process to return the
answer of the request and execute option will find the least
approach to return the result of the request. Least approach
can get the result in minimum time of interval following dif-
ferent approaches. Within few main data bases, there will be
logical division of main data base like train status, ticketing,
parcel information, rescue and recovery and so on. The pro-
vision of back- up is available for defined time duration of
current transaction. There can be 3-4 mirror copies of back-
up data base at different locations for recovery in the case of
crash and such events. Thus a huge and efficient data base
system is mandatory requirement. This will establish the
standard of structures and transmitting methods for railway
transport and build a series of data warehouse used for or-
ganization, storage, query and communication of common
information. Designing this data base is a big challenge. Apart
from this, there are many important design issues that need to
be addressed in order to develop the architecture. Some of the
basic issues are:
1.Standard infrastructure – IR need to improve the very
basic railway infrastructure such as electrification, quality
tracks to be used by high speed trains, engines and coaches
equipped with modern IT, communication and control de-
vices.
2.Distributed Sub-systems - Because many sub-systems
are scattered and distributed in a large geographical region,
monitoring and integrating distributed information of infra-
structure and rolling stock data sources in the railway domain,
stakeholders, hardware and software systems are very diffi-
cult. This is the area where wireless communication plays a
significant role in form of wireless sensors and nodes.
3.Process Coordination - Coordination of distributed
heterogeneous processes is multifarious. Similarly, the co-
operative computing performance data from infrastructure,
operational management, rolling stock and traffic manage-
ment becomes complex.
4.Network Integration - Integration of heterogeneous
networks technologies is one of the most challenging tasks.
15
Fig. 3. Architecture for a Common Platform
RITS, using wireless and wired communication systems
can play an important role in sharing the information. In ad-
dition, development of RITS will enable effective usage of
existing systems. It will be flexible enough to be capable of
updating at any stage and any time in the future.
7. Design Framework
A well organized and careful planning is required to design
RITS architecture in IR network in order to enhance the per-
formance such as safety, capacity, punctuality, speed and so
on [11]. Using intelligent monitoring, maintenance, decision
support, key performance indicator (KPI), better data inter-
pretation and evaluation, flexible data and process integration
can enhance the performance of RITS. For this, system should
require co- operation, heterogeneity and efficient distribution.
An intelligent communication system with many different
flexible communication networks can provide ubiquitous data
access. Communication networks offer dependable connec-
tions to the wayside and central data sources. It can extend
reliable service transport to mobile resources. This will result
in optimization of railway system’s observability and con-
trollability. The system architecture defines the functions that
must be performed to implement a given user Service, the
physical entities where these functions resides, the interfac-
es/information flows between the physical systems and the
communication requirements for the information flows. It
also defines the requirements for the standards needed to
support national and regional interoperability.
Fig. 4. Architecture Design Framework for RITS
The process of building RITS architecture starts with clear
definition of user needs. Then the system specifications must
be defined which follows the design. On systems integration,
16 Shivesh Tripathi and V. S. Tripathi: An Intelligent Transportation System Using Wireless Technologies for Indian Railways

testing and validation are carried out. A methodology adopted and integration of support systems reduce the time needed for
in the project InteGRail [10], intelligent Integrated Railway in maintenance and prevent mistakes, thereby improving vehicle
European context, can be used following combined approach availability and reliability.
of top-down and bottom-up. The top-down approach defines
a high-level description of the railway system in terms of KPI.
The bottom-up approach examines the current practices and
requirements. Available technologies then can be examined to
convert data into information and allow them process intel-
ligently. The processed information is then stored into suita-
ble repositories and processed to obtain necessary knowledge.
The knowledge is made available by means of suitable ser-
vices such as, following service oriented approach. The me-
thodology is expected to result in development of system
architecture, complete and flexible enough to allow the im-
plementation of all envisaged applications, in the framework
of their respective scenarios.
Complexity of the system design can be reduced by sub-
dividing the major operations. For example, a devised
framework consisting of four major phases/tasks of design is
shown in Fig. 4. Different divisions may operate simulta-
neously; however, some are dependent on the completion of
others. Some continuous processes like overall management,
evaluation and co-ordination between scientific and industry
community, providing support, cost analysis and training go
on throughout project life cycle. It includes the platforms to
provide sufficient dissemination and preparation of training
Fig.5. Advanced Monitoring Systems for Intelligent
courses, as well as the provision and the application of a
Railways
harmonized methodology to calculate the economic impacts.
The system architecture defines the functions that must be
performed to implement a given user service, the physical 8. Conclusion
entities where these functions resides, the interfac-
es/information flows between the physical systems and the Design and development of intelligent railway transportation
communication requirements for the information flows. It systems becomes extremely important especially in scattered
also defines the requirements for the standards needed to geography and huge networks such as in Indian scenario.
support national and regional interoperability. Many challenging issues have been discussed. A framework
RITS, a new generation of rail transportation should in- of design along with possible wireless techniques is also
corporate advanced and intelligent subsystems such as ad- presented. Although there are many research and training
vanced intelligent monitoring and control systems for train, organizations supporting Indian railways helping in engi-
infrastructure, supervision; advanced maintenance and so on. neering, design and building IR as one of the competitive
An example of standard architecture for a new generation transportation systems, but RITS merits can’t be ignored.
of monitoring and control systems is shown in Fig.5. It is RITS integrate all the components in a most efficient and
expected that all needed devices can dynamically plug-in, optimized manner. Therefore, the proposed RITS architecture
with simple decentralized intelligent re-configuration in case will be able to make it one of the most developed and efficient
of service update, changes or other modifications. It should transportation systems in the world.
have: the ability to expand and dynamically accommodate to
new functionality (e.g. new sensors) via service discovery; to References
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