Indian Journal of Natural Sciences www.tnsroindia.org.

in ©IJONS

Vol.9 /Issue 51 / December / 2018 International Bimonthly ISSN: 0976 – 0997

Amal H. Mhemeed

TYPES OF ADSORPTION

Both physical and chemical forces enter solvent adsorption from the solvent. Physical forces include vandervals and
electrostatic forces. The chemical forces result from a short inter-union rate involving the formation of internal
compounds, which include a mechanism for the exchange of bonds and symbiotic bonds, and hydrogen bonds(7). On
this basis adsorption can be divided into two types:The first is called natural adsorption or physical (8) (physical
adsorption) or (9) (physisorption)This adsorption is also called Vander Waals adsorption, which is a natural
attraction between the surface of the atom and the atoms, particles or ions that adsorb on the surface. Physical
adsorption is not specific (10)because the atom or molecule that suffers from physical adsorption is not chemically
bound to the surface atoms but occupies a certain area of the surface. The occupied area depends on the size of the
atoms, molecules or evaporated ions, and the heat of physical adsorption is Low. Physical adsorption does not
require activation energy, which is an inverse process (11, 12, 13),and the atom, molecule or ions that adsorb on the
surface have the ability to move within a specific surface area, this is not nonlocalized. This type of adsorption also
incorporates many layers on the surface.

The second type is called chemical adsorption or chemisorptions. Hydrogen bonds are formed in this type between
the surface and the atoms, molecules or ions that adsorb on the surface Chemical adsorption is characterized by
privacy( specific)As happens in certain conditions and adsorption may not occur on another surface at the same
conditions or on the surface itself when changing surrounding ConditionsChemical adsorption.With a higher heat
emission than that emitted by physical adsorption may reach the level of heat emitted when the normal chemical
bonds are developed. Chemical adsorption needs energizing energy (Activation Energy)The adsorption is quick and
low and the reaction is often irreversible and sometimes has strong chemical bonds(13,14,15).It also has a
location(localized)because it is done on adsorption sites that are inherently low - energy The adsorbent energy
requires chemical adsorption to a constant activation energy relative to the homogeneous surfaceAnd variable in
relation to the heterogeneous surface(16) Chemical adsorption consists of a single layer of adsorbent adsorption on
the surface of the adsorbent.

HEAT ADSORPTION

Heat is released when a molecule is adsorbed onto a certain amount of adsorption surface. Adsorption heat is used to
determine the strength of the barrier formed by adsorption. The adsorption temperature decreases as the amount of
adsorption increases. Effective sites are associated with high adsorption heat and other less efficient sites that are less
heat-absorbing. In addition, there is a dissonance factor that arises between the absorbed minutes and this increase is
increased with increasing adsorption due to the convergence of the minutes that are absorbed by each other. Heat
emitted or associated with the adsorption process is called heat of adsorption. Temperature plays an important role
in adsorption. Physical adsorption may occur at a low temperature and turn into chemical adsorption at high
temperature, as in the case of hydrogen adsorption on nickel surface (17).

Factor Influencing on Adsorption Process

PH Effect

The pH of the solution is one of the most important factors affecting the adsorption and ionic exchange processes in
clay minerals (18).In the case of surfaces containing polarized or charged locations, the amount of adsorption
increases if the surface acquires a charge that exceeds the charge of the minutes absorbed by the effect of acidity.
Conversely, the amount of adsorption decreases if the surface and the evaporated minutes acquire a similar charge
(19)

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