“Non-Invasive BCI”

Introduction:-
Non-invasive bci is the easiest and safest form of bci.
This type of BCI is achieved by attaching electrodes on a person's scalp (skin on
a person's head) rather than implanting them in the skull. These electrodes
then detect electrical impulses produced by the brain and send them to a
computer that can translate the brain's neural activity to a machine language.
This type of brain-machine connection can be formed without the need for
surgery, making it the safest form of bci.

Electroencephalogram(EEG):-
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a neuroimaging test that
can detect and record minute changes in electrical activity within the brain. This
is achieved by attaching macroelectrodes on the person’s scalp (skin on a
person's head) which detects a person’s neural activity and produces a chart
(an encephalogram) which shows how ‘brain waves’ vary by frequency (number
of waves per second) and amplitude of the electrical output from the brain changes
over time.

EEG does not detect the neural activity of a single neuron but rather it detects the
activity of a group of neurons surrounding each electrode. These electrical signals
are then filtered and amplified and then sent to computer algorithms to perform
the required task.

Limitations of (EEG):-
● Since electrodes are placed on the scalp, its main disadvantage is its poor
spatial resolution
● EEG detects electrical activity only of small areas of brain around each
electrode
● Since electrodes picks the activity of a group of neurons instead of a single
neuron, it becomes difficult to pin-point the exact source of activity.