NACE SP0108-2008 Mem no. 21126 INTERNATIONAL Standard Practice Corrosion Control of Offshore Structures by Protective Coatings This NACE International standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed this document, iis scope, and provisions, is accepiance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has adopted the standard of nol, fom manufacturing ‘marketing, purchasing, of using products, processes, or procedures notin conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE International standard is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, oF use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of Letters Patent, This standard represenis. minimum requirements and should in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials, Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable Circumstances may nogate the usofulness of this standard in specific instances. NACE International assumes no responsibilty for the interpretation or use of this standard by ther parties anc accepls responsibilty for only those official NACE International interpretations issued by NACE Intemational in accordance with iis yoverning procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers Users of this NACE Intemational standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability In relation to this Standard prior to its use. This NACE International standard may not necessarily address. all potential health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use of ‘materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this NACE International standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities necessary, lo achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the Use ofthis standard, CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE International standards are subject to periodic reviow, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time in accordance with NACE technical committee’ procedures, NACE International requires that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard no later than five years from the date of initial publication, The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers of NACE International standards may receve current information on all standards and other NACE International publications by contacting the NACE International FirstService Department, 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, Texas 77084-4906 (telephone +1 281- 228-6200),‘SP0108-2008 Foreword Offshore structures represent large capital investments and are being placed worldwide, Moreover, mere and more offshore structures are being placed in deeper waters and, therefore, have become larger, more complex, and mote expensive. Contral of corrosion on offshore structures is necessary to sustain oil and gas production, provide safe working and living areas, ‘and avoid potential harm to the environment. For this standard, offshore structures includes metalic offshore structures such as fixedileg platforms, tension-leg platforms (TLPs), Semisubmersibles, spar platforms, and floating production storage and offloading vessels (FPSOs) This NACE International standard is intended for use by facility cwmers’ corrosion control personnel, coating applicators, and coating manufacturers, It covers coating materials, coating test protocol and acceptance criteria, surface preparation, coating application, quality assurance ‘and control, and repair methods, It also covers generic protecive coating systems, flange teorrosion contol, Fastener coatings, pipe support corrosion control, and siainiess steel (SS) tubing corrosion control. The purpose is to facillate mete effective corrosion protection of offshore structures by presenting reliable information and providing guidelines for coating manufacturers to develop more durable products. This standard replaces a portion of NACE Standard RPO176.' RPOT7S was originally issued in 1976 and revised in 1983 by Task Group (TG) T-1-2 on North Sea Corrosion Problems, It was revised in 1994 by TG 1-1-5, and in 2003 by TG 170 on Offshore Steel Platforms—Corrosion Gontrok Review of NACE Standard RPO176, which is administered by Specific Technology Group (STG) 30 on Oil and Gas Production: Cathodic Protection. All edtions of RPO176 prior to 2007 addressed wo aspects of corrosion control of steel fied offshore structures associated with petroleum production: cathodic protection (CP) and protective coatings. In 2007 & vats decided to address these two aspects in separate NACE standards. Therefore, SPO176° was issued in 2007 by TG 10 and STG 20 to address the CP aspects. TG 313—Ofishore Platforms: Coatings for Corrosion Control of Stool was formed to address the protective coalings aspocts from RPO1 76 and provide expanded information. TG 313 is administered by STG 02—Coatings and Linings, Protective: Atmospher issued by NACE under the auspices of STG 02, In NACE standards, the terms shall, must, should, and may are used in accordance with the efinitons of these terms inthe NACE Publications Style Manual. The terms shall and must are used to state a requirement, and are considered mandatory. The term should is used to slate something {good and is recommended, but is not considered mandatory. The term may is used to state Something considered optional‘SP 0108-2008 NACE International Standard Practice Corrosion Control of Offshore Structures by Protective Coatings Contents 1. General 1 2. Definitions 1 3. Protective Coating Systems. 2 4. Typical Generic Protective Coating Systems 5 5. Qualification Testing of Coating Systems 13 6. Surface Preparation 19 7. Goating Materials and Application. 2 8. Quality Assurance and Control 23 8. Coating Repair 25 10. Flange Cortosion Control 26 11. Fastener Coatings. 26 112. Pipe Support Corrosion Control 2 13. Corrosion Control of Small-Bore Stainless Steel Tubing 2 14 Health, Safety, and Environment 28 References. 28 TABLES Table 1. Maximum Metal Content in the Dry Coating Film, 4 Table 2. Routine Batch Testing Report 5 Table 3A. Typical Atmospheric Zone New Construction Coating Systems on Carbon Steels 6 Table 3B. Typical Atmospheric Zone Maintenance Coating Systems on Carbon Steels .. 8 Table 4: Typical Atmospheric Zone Coating Systems on Stainless Steels (New Construction and Maintenance) 9 Table 5: Typical Atmospheric Zone Coating Systems for Nonferrous Metals (New Construction and Maintenance) 10 Table 6A: Typical Splash Zone New Construction Coating Systems on Carbon Steels... 11 Table 6B: Typical Splash Zone Maintenance Coating Systems on Carbon Steels, 12 Table 7A: Typical Exterior Submerged Zone New Construction Coating Systems on Carbon Steals, 12 Table 7B: Typical Exterior Submerged Zone Maintenance Coating Systems on Carbon Steals 12 Table 8A: Typical Ballast Water Tank New Construction Coating Systems on Carbon Steels, 13 Table 8B: Typical Ballast Water Tank Maintenance Coating Systems on Carbon Steels 13 Table 9: Fingerprinting of Coating Materials. 4 Table 10: Tast Pratocal for Atmospheric Zone and Splash Zone Coating Systams...... 15 Table 11: Test Protocol for Ballast Water, Void, and Seawater Holding Tank and Exterior ‘Submerged Zone Coating Systems 16 Table 12: Acceptance Criteria for Offshore Structure Coating Testing 7 Table 13: Surface Finish Grades 19 Table 14: Abrasive Specifications. 20 Table 15: Maximum Total Soluble Chionide lon Content 24 ii NACE International‘SP0108-2008 Section 1: General 1.1 This standard provides guidelines for establishing "minimum requirements for the corrosion protective coatings on steel offshore structures associated with of and gas: production, and on the associated handling equipment It covers coating materials, coating prequaliication test methods and the associated accoptance criteria, surlaco preparation, coating application, qualily assurance and ‘control, and repair methods, “Ik also. covers genexic protective coating systems, ange corrasion contrat fastener coaiings, pipe support corrosion control, and SS {ubing corrosion control. Offshore siruetures include metallic offshore and coastal stuctures such as fiked-leg platfrrns, TLPs, semisubinessibles, spar platforms, and FPSOs. 1.2 For this standard, corrosion on offshore: structures is divided into four zones: alunospherle zone, splash zone, cemterior submerged zono, and ballast water tank (internally immersed). The exterior submerged zone also includes subsea facilis, such as valves and manifolds. Each zone may use diferent protective coating systems, 1.3 This standard does not include corrosion protective coatings for subsea pipelines, pipeline risers, internal portions of production tubing, ill pipes, and cherrical tanks that may be in-use on the offshore ‘stucture, but does include external protection of the chemical tanks on the offshore structure inthe atmospheric zone, 14, Passive fie protection (PFP) coatings: and nick: copper aly (e., UNS” NO4A00 [Alloy 400) Splash zone sheathings aso are excluded from ths Standard Section 2: Definitions ‘Amine Blush: Greasy film on the surface of a costing Cased by its amine or polyamide curing agont roacting with carbon dioxide (C03) and water (H20). (It can greatly Interfere with intercoat adhesion) ‘Atmospheric Zone: The portion of a marine structure that extends upwerd from the splash zone and is exposed to ‘sun, wind, water spray, and rain. Cathodic Disbondment: The destruction of adhesion botwoon a coating and tho coated surface caused by products of cathode reaction Coat; One layer of a coating applied to a surface in a Single, continuous application to ferm a uniform film when ry. Coating System: The complete number and types of enats applied to substrate in a predetermined order. (Coating) Test Protocol: A written checklist of coating Properties that are evaluated by standard test methods 10 qualify the coating forthe intended service conditions. (itis often refined as mexe & learned about the behavior ofthe: Crater: A small, rounded depression in a coating generally resulting from foreign matter in or deposited on a wet coating fim. Grevice Corrosion: Localized corrasion of a metal surface al oF immediately adjacont to, an area that is shioldod from {ull exposure to the envronment because of close proximity of the metal tothe surface of another material Dry Film Thickness (OFT): The thickness of died film, coating, or membrane, Edge Retention: The ratio of DFT of the entire: mulicnat coating system at peak to average DFT on both Nat surfaces of a sharp. angle bar; used as a measure of coaling’s abilty to retain as film coverage over sharp comers, Epoxy: Typo of resin formed by the reaction of aliphatic or aromatic polyols (Ike bispheno)) with epichlorohyerin and characterized by the presence of reactive oxizane end groups Fingerprinting: Method of Wentfying ® coating material trough laboratory analyses of coating density, solids content pigment content, etc, (infrared [1R] spectroscopy is foten used in the analyses.) Fish Eye: A small dimple or crater resembing a fish eye {hat forms in a wet applied coating, HotDip Galvanized Coating: A coating of virtually pure Zinc applied to steel by immersing iin a bath of molten Zin. 7 Upsied Numbeang System for Meals and Alloys (UNS). UNS numbers are listed in Morals & Alloys in the Uniied Numbering System, latest exon (Warrendale, PA: SAE Intemational [SAED and West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM interiatonal [ASTM NACE Internationaltinuty in a protective coating that exposes: d surface to the environment nic Zine-Rich Coating: Costing containing a j¢ Zine pigment (ypicaly 75 wl% oF more in the dry film) in an inorganic vehicle Mill Scale: The oxide layer formed during hot fabrication or heat treatment of metals, Mud Line: The ocean floor atthe location of interest Orange Peel: The dimpled appearance of a cried coating resembling tie surface of an orange. Organic Zine-Rich Coating: Costing containing a metallic Zinc pigment (typically 75 ¥49% zinc or more in the dry kn) nan arganicresin Pipeline: A conduit for carrying produced ol, water, and gas between offshore structures or between ollshore structures and onshore processing facilis, Platform: An offshore structure used to accommodate oil andlor gars wells. related production equipment, pipelines, andlor ving quarters. Pot Life: The elapsed time within which @ coating can be effectively applied after all components of the coating have been thoroughly mixed Prefabrication Primer: A thin and fast drying coating that is applied to blastcleaned steel to provide temporary protection during fabrication while stil allowing welding and cauting, Primer (Prime Coal): A coating materi intended to be applied as the frst coal on an uncoated. surface. The coating fs specticaly formulated to adhere to and protect tte surface as well 2s 1o produce a sutato surface for subsequent coats Resin: A general term used to designate any polymer, natural or synthetic, used as a binder for enating materia, Recoat Window: The time period during the drying and Curing of a coating in which a subsequent coat can be applied successfully Rust Creepage: The penetration of a coating and the spread of delamination or eorrasion from a seribe or holiday intho fim. Shelf Life: The maximum length of time packaged materials (eg,, coating materials) can bo stored at specified ‘conditions and remain in usable condition, Splash Zone: The portion of a marine structure that is Intermitently wetted by waves, wind-blown water spray. and tidal action. Surfaces that are welled only during major Storms ate not included. Stripe Coat: A coat applied only to edges or to wells on Stee! structures before a full coat is applied to the entire surfece The stipe cost is intended to give those areas ‘suffitent fm buid to resist eorresion, ‘Submerged Zone: The surface area of a marine structure that fs alvays covered with water and extends downward from the splash zone and includes that portion of the Structure below the rrud fine, ‘Surface Profile: Tho iregular posk and valley profile on the surface of bare matal that results from abrasive blast cleaning oF power tool cleaning, ‘Thermoplastic: A material capable of being repeatedly softened by heat and hardened by cooling. ‘Thermoset: A material that undergoes © chemical reaction from tho action of host and pressure, catalysts, and tlraviolet (UV) igh, eading 10 a relatively infusble ste Thinner: A volaile solvent used to lower the viscosity of a coating material Topcoat (Finish Coat): The final coat ofa coating systeen, Wet Film Thickness (WFT): Tho thickness of 8 costing measured immediately after application before any solvent has evaporated or drying has taken place. Zine-Rich Primer: A. general term used for inorganic zinc Fich coatings and organic zincrich coalings used as a primer Section 3: Protective Coating Systems 3.1 General jd. applied maintenance coatings is ‘of shop-applied coatings, only the coating systems that have passed the qualiieation tests Shall be specified for both new construction and ‘maintenance, In addition to good coating performance, successful coating system also roquir preparation, coaling application, ‘quality contol procedures, NACE International32 Liquid Coatings Liquid coatings used on olfshore structures are normaly rmulilayer coating systems composed. of primes, intermediate coat(s), and topcoat to avoid holidays and thin spots, 3.2.1 Primers, The primer is the most citical coat of the coating system. “Normally, primers have at least ‘ane of three different corrosion protection mechanisms: barrier, sacrifczl, and inhibtive 3.2.1.1 Barer primers. For immersion service, the primer is normally the barrier type epoxy Ccoaling without zine or corrosion inhibiOrs. Flake: Shaped piginenis, such as aluminum flake, glass flake, or micaceous ton oxide flake, may be used to increase its barricr resisiance to water and onygen, 3.2.1.2 Tinerich primers. These primers are either organic or inorganic zinc rich coatings with @ high loading of zine dust. The minimum zine dust Content of the nonvolatile portion of the primer shall bo 80% by mass. Th zine dust shall comply vith the requirements spociiod in ASTM"! D $20" (Type Ilr Ill or ISO" 3549+ Because zine reacts readily with both acids and strong alkals, zich primers must be overcoated with cherrically Fesistant coatings when used offshore because of exposure to alkaline dling rmud and acidic wel: Completion fuids. However, care must be taken to censure that the zinc-primed surface is clean prior to overcoating. Bocause of the porous nallre of the film, freshwater washing or power scrubbing may be required to remove contaminants, Inorganie zinc-rich primers. when damaged, are ‘normally repaired with an organic zinc rch coating Because zincrich coatings sacrifice themselves gelvanically when exposed in the splash zone or When immersed, causing rapid breakdown or failure, other enatings should be used in these 33 3.2.1.3 Organic inhibitve primers, These coatings include inhibiting pigments that generale either alkaline or tonic conditions to retard the corrosion Of the base motal when in contact with moisture. Because these primers generally contain reactive pigments and are only part of a protective coating system, hey must be protected with overcoats to perform 25. effective environmental _batriers Organic inhibiive primers must conform to all ‘SP0108-2008 applicabie regulations regarding toxety, salety, ahd environmental standards, Coating specifiers should note that some inhibitive pigments can Shorten coating system service life in immersion or splash zone conditions, 3.2.2 Intermediate Coats and Topcoats. Primers used fr offshore structures should be overcoated with intermediate coat(s) and a topenat These coatings function as barriers, retarding and restricing the permeation of ater vapor, oxygen, and active ‘chemical ions. A topcoat may also provide added ‘abrasion, impact, UV light, and solvent resistance, as well as an aesthetically pleasing finish, Generic characteristics of intermediate coats and topcoats, include the following: 3.2.2.1 Chomically Cured Thormoset Coatings. These materials are usual phenolics, polyesters, of vinyl esters, 32.22 Polyurethanes or Polysiloxanes. ‘materials are used exclusively as a topenat almospheric zone to provide UV resistance, In general, polysloxane prewides belles UV resistance than polyurethane, Thermal-Sprayed Aluminum Coatings 33.1 Thermal sprayed aluminum (TSA) coatings (citar fame or arc sprayed) sealed with an organic ‘sealer have been used in the atmospheric zone and splash zone, particularly for high-temperature service such as flare booms. NACE No, 2/SSPC“-SP 10° or NACE No, TISSPC SP 5° surface cleanliness shall be used for surface preparation, Ninety-nine percent or higher-purity aluminum or AL-5Mg alloy should be used With two a more spray passes used in the application. The sealer enhances service life and appearance. 33.2 The sealer shall be thinned adequately to penetrate into the body of the TSA and seal the: Interconnected surface porosity, Tho sealer should have a contrasting color to the TSA to aid visual inspection. The overlay of sealer should be less than 36 im (1.5 mil) on the TSA coating after application. The sealer materials shall be two-component epoxy for ‘operating tomperatures less than oF equal to 120°C. (248°F) of silcone for operating temperatures greater than 120°C (248°F), 3.3. AILTSA coatings shall be applied in accordance ‘with NACE No. 12/AWS"” C2.28M/SSPC-CS 28.00. 2! ASTM Intemational (ASTIN, 100 Barr Harbor De, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, ©) Imemaicnal Orgartzation fr Standardization (150), | ch. dela Vow Creuse, Case portale 55, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Sitzertan, (© The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th Suet, 6th Floce, Pitsturgh, PR 15222-4656. (American Welding Society (AWS). 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL33126, NACE International‘SP 0108-2008 34 Hot Dip Galvanized Coatings 34.1 Hotdip galvanized coatings ‘method for protecting complex steel shapes that vould be costly and dificul to coat by conventional means. Such shapes as gratings, handrails, stars, meter houses, arid equipment skis may be protected by hot slip galanized coatings. 3.4.2 Hotdip galvanized coatings, like other zinc rich voalings, are Subject to allack by acd and alkaline conditions, and should not be exposed to cement sling mud, oF well-completion fis. 3.4.3 Because hotdip galvanized coatings sacrifice theinselves galvanically when exposed in the splash zone or when immersed, causing rapid Lreakdown of failure, other coatings should be used in these areas. 344 Hotdip galvanized coatings shouldbe. fovercoated by primers and topcoats in applicalons requiring chemical and saltwater resistance, New hot dip galvanized coatings should be uniformly roughened with a ight abrasive blast in accordance. with NACE No 4/SSPC-SP 7° or chemically etchod with a pPhospheric acié-based conversion coating. A. preliminary solvent cleaning in accordance with SSPC SP 1” should be used to remove any preservative oils ‘applied to the hot-0rc ase) &| 3 | Palehioroprene |, 2:80 (12) End user “<100%C (212°F) rubber © 6-13 mm (0.25-0.50 in) | specification tHe sI 25(1) Spies zone | 4 Primer 50 (14 ee | | | oot || eee ae, & <130°C 3 EPDM rubber — | 6.43 porn (0.95.50 in) oa fon ( » | specication “To aeTagy Sra oT Sa DOTS oh ma TTT |! Allow thinned sealer to dry >30 minutes before application of next sealer coat. Do not add to DFT. © For service temperature > 70°C (18°F), polychloroprene rubber shall only use carbon black pigment, which yes bar trsmalresstnce Stjene rope cen osemer 443 Typical Maintenance Splash Zone Costing Systems Because the physicsl accessibility in the splash zone is, limited and the access wandow is short during low tide, ‘a one-coal system should be used to repair the splash NACE International zone, The surface fs often damp from mist and. high hurnidiy, therefore, a coating system tal fs compatible with a damp surface should be used. Becalse of these dlficuties, some relatively thick repair materials, which ate not quid coating systems, have been commercialized. The end users shall examine these ‘options and assess their integrity prior to use, "‘SP 0108-2008 Table 6B: Typical Splash Zone Maintenance Coating Systems on Carbon Steels Target DFT sevice | Coat | Coating system ort Category med ve (id) 1] Surfacetolrant enon | 300-2,000(12:80) | specineton® 7 Epo prner™ 25.175 (6 Tao a 2 | clase hake opony 200.5006: 15009 Splash zone. | | — Sls Tae 300 20) pele aay 750-550 (18-72) TaderWeRereaDTS POR ir + Wo hall’ Vendor Iverglasecomposta outer | Vendor spectiation® | spocteaton®? heals Te RIGS Sa OTE HATS TE TAT (yards nave pec ecsnmerdad GET one odes 45. Typical Exre Submerged Zone Cotngs ane applied to reduce the quant er weight of sas anode. Protetve. coating, systems fer the exterer Submerged ofshare stucures aw protected by sae! _—_Sxrgod zono ate sted i Tae TA (no Conte) anodes and protectcoatngs. Proce coding systems aa Table 78 maintenance) Table 7A: Typical Exterior Submerged Zone New Construction Coating Systems on Carbon Steels Sones Category | Coat | Coating System DFT, pm (mil) Target DFT, pm (mil) 1 High-solids epoxy 150-200 (6-8) 175 (7) sere eta Stipe enat ce a submerged 3 High-solids epoxy 150-200 (6-8) 175 (7) one Sh 1 ' 280-375 (10-15) 30012) are | 3 | Do not add to DET No additonal DFT 5 | ee Do neta to OFT No atonal DF TSacifiial anodes are namally nstaledi conjunction with the protscive coating Ste © Allow thinned sealers to cry =30 minutes belore appicavon of next sesler coat. Seales should not add DFT to the exsting TSA coatings Table 78: Typical Exterior Submerged Zone Maintenance Coating Systems on Carbon Steels Service Category | Goat | Coating System | DFT, um (mil) “Target DFT, pm (mil) oHE Exterior subsmerged Underwater curable pone 1 epoxy” 00-1,000 (20-40) Vendor specitieation <60°C (140°F) Tis aon Te 10 apy tho unGarwale cblo apoyo Nald_CP a good oplon 48 Typical Ballst Water Tank Coatings to focttate visual napection. A mulicoat system with the same coating. formation but diferent colors 48.1 General should be used because ik reduces the inercoat delamination caused by sliferent sweling cr shrinkage A ballast water tank is @ dark and confined space, so for each layer. Typical coating systems for ballast solvent-free or high-solids epory coating materials are more desirable, A light colored topenat should be used 2 water tanks are listed in Table 8A (new construction) and Table 88 (maintenance). For an epoxy coating NACE Internationalsystem with total film thickness of $75 to 500 um (15 o 20 mi), three thin coats is a better choice than wo thicker coats because of better flim integity are! fewer holidays, Two stripe coals shall be used to achieve good fim coverage at the weld seams and sharp 4.8.2 Plural.Component Spray AA pluralcomponent spray gun may also be used to spray a thick layer (wet on wel) coating directly onto the substrate with one stripe coat. However, the one-cnat ‘SP0108-2008 plural component sprayed coating shall be qualified in aecordance wih this standard before it can be ‘considered. 48.3 Void Tank and Seawater Holding Tank Deepwater offshore structures also may have. void tanks that may cormert into ballast water Tanks during thor service, Therofero, itis bottar to coat thorn with the same coating sysioms as the ballast water tanks. The coating sysiems for seawater holding tanks shell also be treated the same as the ballast water tanks. Table 8A: Typical Ballast Water Tank New Construction Coating Systems on Carbon Steels Sewice Category | Coat Coating System DFT, um (mil) Target DFT, um (mil) 7 Figh- Sods epoxy 2 enti } be 125-175 (5-1), 1258) Ballast water tank | 3 High-solids epoxy 2 -<60°C (40°F) 4 Stripe coat fee ee § High-solids epory 125-175 (5-7), 1258) THe ES WATE KS GTR WHR Or Te coed Tope SHOU De USEC ease Weual MSpECTOR ‘Table 8B: Typical Ballast Water Tank Maintenance Coating Systems on Carbon Steels Sanvice Category | Coat Coating System DFT, pm (ri) Target DFT, ym (mil) Cire High Sols epoxy 200-250 (@-10) 0 Ballast watertank | 2 Stripe coat -<60°C (140°F) 3 High-solds epoxy 200-250 (6-10) 200 (8) The aTasl Water tnk is darko Whe OF Ole Ta covered toproat shoud be used to ease wou SPECTOR, Section 5: Qualification Testing of Coating Systems 5.1 General 5.1.1 Coating systems shall be tested and pass all the feceptance rita in accordance with this standard. [An independent laboratory qualified by the faciliy ‘owner shall carry out the qualification testing, 9.1.2 Additional testing may not be required for a ‘coating system on SS i the proposed coaling system ‘on carbon stool panels has been approved by th Faciliy owner 5.1.3 If the coating formulation is changed after the {ualficaton, the costing system shall be requalified by ‘an independent kaboratory. NACE International 5.2. Required Product Information When each coating system is submitted for qualification testing, the coating manufacturer shall provide the following information as part ofthe ts report. (2) Product data sheet (©) Moterial safety data shoot (MSDS) (©) Fingerprinting, The requirements for fingerprinting for teach coat of a nulticoat coating system are listed in Table 8 13‘SP 0108-2008 Table 8: Fingerprinting of Coating Materials ‘ Property ‘Component Tolerance Standard 1 | Density Part And B, each | £0.05 gfen? | ASTMD 1475 component Solids content by weight Mixed parts A and B. 23% | ASTM 2369) Pigment content by weight Part A and B, each 200% [ASTM D237" ‘component 48 | Fourer tansform inftared-attenuated | Part A and B, each Equipment manufacturer's total reflection (FTIR-ATR) scan with | component instruction pigment; or 48 | Infrared (1R) scan vathout pigment | Part Aand B, each ‘ASIN D 262" component IF the fingerprinting test is. performed by the coating ‘manufacturer, the Test results shall be certified by the ‘manufacturer's quality assurancelqualty control manager ot the senior technical manager. (@)_Allofthe following information: Manufacturers name, addess, and elophonelfax numbers Surface preparation siandard (NACE, SSPC, ISO, etc) Surface profile (um or mi) For each of the primer, intermediate coats) and topcoat {he following information shall also be provided Product name cole Material type Batch numbers, Pats A and B Manutacturing date She ie Volatile organic compouinds (VOCs) (gL or tiga) Cleaning sotvent Thinner type Marirum percentage of thinner content by volume “ Mixing ratio by volume or weight ‘Application mestod ‘Application temperature range (°C or °F) ‘Application RH range (6 RH) Pot ie (hours @ temperature) Induction time (minutes) Minimum tecoat and dry-totouch time (hours @ temperature) Maxirum recoat time (days @ temperature) Solis content by weight andlor volume WET range (um ox mi) DFT range (um or mi) 5.3 Coating Test Protocol for Atmospheric Zone and Splash Zone “The test protocol for atmospheric zone and splash zone coating systems applied on carbon steels for both new construction and maintenance for the maximum service temperature of 120°C (248°F) i sted in Tablo 10. NACE International‘SP0108-2008 Table 10: Test Protocol for Atmospheric Zone and Splash Zone Coating Systems = “mosphorie Zone, Docks Splash Zone race Coating propery | , % if reparation | ___ New ew a Construction | Maintenance | Construction | Maintenance NACE NOT NAGE NAGE Issposp AcE. | ace twosoe | NACE TMD204 A rors | rymsor Rust creepage ressianco” | Z00MIT™ |Next | NAGE TwOaD# | Novest | NAGE TaD8 Damp — | —Novest Novest Wo teat | NACE TWIG Eig tion [RSENS | RACE HORDE | NACE TOG | WACE IODA | WAGE TIDE TACE NOT Temi ring | SESS Nace Twoune | NACE Twoa04 | NACE TaDeoe | WACE TADHO« "0 NACE No.7 rioxbiny | SSPCSP. | NACE TMo4D4 | NACE TMOIO4 | NACE TMO4O4 | NACE TME304 "0 TRENT Impact avengih ae (decks & boat FSSPC-SP ASTMG 14 ASIM G14 ASIMG 14 ASIMG 14 landing only) 10 NACE No. 1 No test NACE TMO0404 | NACE TMO304 ISSPC-SP 5 Mantes Water immersion |” 200mgin? | No test No test F NAGE 160304 “hloride beclatal Damp) No Nowa Nowa) NAGE THO04 NACE No. 1 No test NACE TM0404 | NACE TMO304 pera ISSPC-SP 5 Naitest abode 65mg — aes: wong Notest Nowest Notst | NAGE TMO304 Damp —[ Nove Noe Nota) RACE THROIOT 5.4. Test Protocol for Ballast Water, Void, and Seawater Holding Tanks and Exterior Submerged Zones NACE International ‘The test protocol for ballast water, vol, and seawater hholding tank and extericr submerged zone coating systems applesd on carbon steels for both new construction and ‘maintenance is Isted in Table 11 15‘SP 0108-2008 Table 11: Test Protocol for Ballast Water, Void, and Seawater Holding Tank and Exterior Submerged Zone Coating Property Surface Preparation Coating Systems txeror Ballast Water, Void, Seawater Holding Tank Submerged New New Construction Maintenance Construction Tage rtanton | Airave papor | RACE TMOTOR [NAGE THOTOR_| ACE TWA2O™ NACE No. 1 NACE TMO104 NACE TMO104 NACE TM0204 ISSEC'SP 5 Water immersion "ea gi ee WAGE THOT? | Nowa Ta ToTest TACETHOTOT | notes NAGE No, | NAGE Tivo” | NACE TwoTo® | NACE TMn208 ISSEC'SP 5 Cathie disbondment | ~ 100,n9ir Nowa NACE TwOTO# | Wo teat Damp Nowa WACETHOTOT | Notes Dimensional sabany [Fre ten] RACE THRTOA [RACE THOTOR | “RAGE TODO NACE No.7 : ‘aig stay RACERET [ace tumor [NACE tyono+ | NACE TwO204 Tekst eacking | RAGENGT [NACE Timt0€ [NACE TMOION [Worst NACE No.1 NAGE Tvoa | NACE THOTO? | Wo oa = trpso |-SSPeshs ouwot eying PSO [Too mpi orn oo mei No NACE TWOTO® | Wo test Damp Noe TACETHOTOT | Notes 5.5. Aczeplance Cetera mesphesc Zone and splash zone alest wate, vid 16 Aceoplance criteria of tho coatings tested for 1d Seawater holding tanks; and exterior submerged zone are listed in Table 12, NACE International‘SP0108-2008 Table 12: Acceptance Criteria for Offshore Structure Coating Testing Coating Property ‘Acceptance Criteria Tustcreepage resistance | NACE TWOs04 | <3.5 mm (0.14 i] for non tine primed coating Syston NACE TM0404_ | <1.5 mm (0.06 in for zinc primesd coating system [No bisteringiustinglackingflaking axtay rom the scribe and edge NACE THOTOT NACE TM0204_ | >50% of the average DFT measured on the fat surfaces adjacent NACE TW0304 | tothe edge Test Method Edge retention NACE TMO404, Themmal eying NACE TMO304 | No cracking NAGE TMo404 Floxbiiy NACE TM0301 | >1% atthe lowest service temperature NACE TMo4o4 Tmpact strengih FASTMG 14] >5.6.1 (50 ir) Tor docks and boat landing splash rane Water mnmarsion NACE TMOTOR NACE TMo204_ | <7.0.mm (0.28 in) disbondmont NACE TMo304_ | No bisteringiusting/eracking/Making away from the seribe and NACE TMo404, | exige NACE TMOTOT [0 mmm (0.28 in), peat len lo blistering/rusting/eracking!flaking away from the scribe an HAC nes | Reith ey te se md ee Re Cathodic disbonament Dimensional stabiny NACE TMOTON | optonai® NACE TMo204_| OP ‘Aging sabiy NACE TMO104 | >50% NACE TMo204 Thick fim aracking NACE TMOTOR | No cracking Touhwatoyeing RACE TURTON |S an OTT) ; No bistesinghusingleacking aking away fom the scribe and (FPS0s only) yee sate ‘Wal aibondinent tes (aod BY should be used 1p evaluate the water immersion ressiance of coaing Systems, Only one ‘nglitay shall be died on each test specimen and all edges must be sealed. "Ths test metod i optional. Ihe lacy onser requests Ue test, he acceptance criterion shall be agteed to by te facity ‘ouner end the coaing manufacturer 518 Tost Methods tho inact arca, Some data seattoring has. boon observed. Therefore, the acceptance vctetion is ‘lowe to be less than 7.0 mm (0.28 in), which may be higher than the tue cnating performance. After the test method is improved to better define the disbondment 5.8.1 Rust Creepage Resistance The ust creepage resistance test shall bein accordance wath NACE Standard, TMO304 or TMO4D4 ‘The average rust ereepage shall be less than 3.5 rm (0.14 in) for non-zine prened coating systems snd less than 1.5 mm (0.06 in) for zinc grimed coating systems The average must ereepage shall be obtained by averaging the test data ofthe four test specimens. 98.2 Cathod isbondment Test The cathodic disboncment test shall be in accordance with NACE Standerd T0104, TMN204, TMO304, or TMO404. The aoceplable cathodic disbondment shall, bo less than 7,0 mm (0.28 in) after a test period of 12 wooks. With the current test method, thore is stil an Uncertainty inthe determination of disbondiment from: NACE International ‘area, the accapianeo criterion may be tightened. 55.3 Water Immersion ‘There are two acceptable methods in NACE Standards ‘TMO1O4, TNIO204, T0304, or TMO404 to measure tho waler immersion resistance: the pull-off adhesion test. ‘and the wet disbondment test. For some samples, the pulloff adhesion can sill be very high. although some bisters appear on the costing surface, Therefore, the wet disbondment test should be used, The wot disbondment test is modified in this standard to improve data refrodveibilly. Instead of one holiday on ‘each surface of the two test specimens, only one side ‘of each test specimen shall have a holiday, Four test Wa‘SP 0108-2008 1B specimens shall be prepared for each test, The test specimen edges shall be sealed off completely with immersiontype coatings and checked with a wet Sponge holiday detector to make sure no holidays ext fat the edges. The uncertainty in separating the disbonded area from the inlact area produces data scatter, Therefore, the acceptance criterion & set at less than 7.0 mm (0.28 in), which is much larger than the real dishondment, The acceptance criterion may be lightened efter the test method is improved to better fine the disbonded area from the mtact area, The ilissolved oxygen content is a function of the water dopth and temperature, Different types of water baths with air sparger may be used, Because the dissolved ‘oxygen content affects the test results, the dissolved ‘oxygen content of the test solution shall be maintained fat its saturation valuo at the tost temperature of 40°C. (104°F), which is 4.6 + 0.1 mg/L. A calibratod dissolved Daygen meter shall be used to measure the dissolved ‘oxygen content athe location of the test specimens 10 censure the oxygen content meets the specification, 5.64 Edge Retention ‘The edge retention test shall be in accordance: with NACE Standard TMOIO4, TMOZO4, TMO3O4, or TMO404. The minimum DFT measured on the edge. shall be greater than 50% of the average DFT ‘measured on the Mt surfaces adjacent to the edge. 5.8.5. Impact Sirength ‘The impact strength test shall be In accordance with ASTM G 14, The minimum acceptable value is 5.6 J (50 in-tb), This test shall only be performed for the: ‘deck coating and boat landing area in the splash zone, 5.6.6 Thermal Cycling Tho thermal eyeing test shall be in accordance with NACE Standard TM0304 or TMO404, In adaiion tothe channel stool, a T-barshaped lest specimon of either 300 x 100 x5 mm (12 x4 x 020 in) or 300 x 50 x 5 mm (12 x 2 x 0.20 in} may be used, The coating Shall exhib no cracking ater at east 232 cycles 5.8.7 Thick-Film Cracking ‘The thick-film cracking test shall be in accordance with NACE Standard TMO104. In addition to the C-channel stool, a Tbar Shaped test spocimen of either $00 x 100 x5 mm (12 x4 0,20 in) oF 300 x 50 x 5 mm (12 x2 x 1.20 in) may be uses, The coating shall ot show any tracking aller 12 weeks of aging at 40°C (104) in synthetic seawater immersion, 5.8.8 Flexibility Test The flexbilly test shall be in accordance with NACE Standard TM0304 or TMO404, The flexural strain at the lowest field service temperature shall be greater than 1%, 5a 55.8 Dimensional Stabilty The dimensional stably testis optional. If this testis required by the facilly owner, the acceptance criterion ‘shall be agreed to by the facility owner and the coating ‘manufactur. 56.10 Aging Stability The aging stability test shell be in accerdance with NACE. Standard TMO104 or TMO204, The flexural strain retention shall be greater than 50% aller 12, ‘weeks aging at 40°C (1042F) in synihatic seawater. 56.11 HovWet Cycling ‘This hothwot cycling test shall bo in accordance with NACE Standard TMO104, ‘Tho average rust croopage for dean, salted, anc damp surface shall te less than 3.5 mm (0,14 in) aller 12 weeks in the cycing salt fog lest The average rust creepage value shall be ‘obtained by averaging test dala resulls of tie four ‘specimens tested, This test 1s intended for FPSOs only Test Precision A high degree of uncertainty is involved inthe testing of ‘coalings, Variable results may be obiained depending fon sleel test specimen preperation. application, ‘overcoating intervals, curing time, and. curing ‘conditions. Likewise, the actual testing will induce Uncertainties bacause of diferences in test equipment, procedures, ete, Even the final evaluation has degree of subject thal isa source of variation ‘A coating system that fails by a small mergin in one. test series has a good chance of passing in another lest series and vice versa, Round robin testing indicates the following standard deviations on the test methodsitest criteria (2) Rust creepage resistance: 0.5 mm (0,02 in) for Zinc-primed cnating systems and 1 mm (0,04 in) foe hhon-zine-primed coating systems for the tust ceepage measurement, (0) Water immersion: 2 mm (0.08 in for the ‘dsbondment measurement; (0) Cathodic disbondment: 2 mm (0,08 in) for the 9 shall not be used on ‘aluminum substrates, 64 Centiugal Wheel Cleaning, This method is applicable toa fatrication plant where new wekled assemblies can be processed through an automated, wheellype machine ising metal abrasives. The cost of wheel blast surface preperation is significantly lower than tho cost of ar blast surface preparation werk, 8.4.1. Good Painting Practice, SSPC Paitting Maruaf* sHhould be referred to for cenagal blast leaning 6.4.2 Abrasive Material Steel grit of the appropriate mesh size and hardness should be used to produce. tho required surface profile using the equipment selected to perform the work, Steel shot shall not be sed for surface preparation for coatings as it does not produce 9 sharp surface profile with high peak densities, 64.3 Surface cleanliness and surface profile should be tested and recorded on @ regular, agreed-upon basis to ensure that the prepared surface of the ‘components meets the cleanliness and surface profile requirements of the coating to be applied, 6.8 Ar Blast Cleaning. This method is used when components are not suitable for the available automated machines, when cleaning & petforned on the job (field) location, “er when maintenance work is. perfermed on olfshore structures. 6.5.1. Air Supply. Initial inspection of the air si ‘Shall includ the Following phy 6.5.1.1 Ar supply capacity shall be sufficient to obtain 690 KPa (100 psi) ait pressure. at all operating nozzes. 6.8.1.2 The compressor shall be equipped with properly operating safety equipment. 6.5.1.3 Oillmoisture separators with properly maintained filers must be used in ai lines, These shall be tested atleast once each Shit in ‘accordance with ASTM D 4285,"" 65.2 Abrasives. The blast-ceaning abrasive used for surface preparation shall be finited to the type specified in the contract docurnents and shall be of “appropriate size to produce the required surface grofile using the equipment available for the job. The abrasives must be dry, clean, free from conitamination, ‘and graded to @ standard size, Each batch of abrasive should be tested in accordance with the relevant ‘abrasive spectication in Table 14 Table 14: Abrasive Specifications Type Genero Name Characteristics Standard Tetalie Seal git Wa 2 carbon, Toma Silica sand Crystaline sila Natural ‘Divine ‘Magnosiumiron siicato Somes mineral Staurolie Tronfaluminium silicate Iso1126.97 Specular hemaie —| Crystaline Fe:0; Garnet Calcium ron silicate TSOT176.10 ‘Syriac Coal sia ‘Aluminium silicate TSO1126.4 mineral ‘Aluminum owe Cryst rund TsO11126.7™ ‘Sica sand may het be allowed because ofthe siicosis Healt concen Wits used, local and national neal and safety tegulatons shal be folove. 65.2.1 Selection of Abrasives Products within @ given genetic class of abrasives vary widely in performance, These variations are likely the resul of varying raw material sources or ‘manufacturing processes. Surface profile. fs 20 directly propentional to the abrasive particle size. The larger the abvasive particle size, the higher the surface profile, Cleaning rate is inversely propertional to the abrasive parlide size. The lorger the atrasive particle size, the slower the leaning rate. A balanced mixture of paride sizes NACE International66 Include, but shall not be limited to, eT produces the optimum level of cleanliness, leaning rate, and surface profi, 65.22 Abrasives for Stainless Steels, Nonferrous Metals, and Hot-Dip Galvanized Coating Surfaces ‘Aluminum oxide, garnet, or other nonferrous abrasives shall be used for blasting SS, nonferrous metal, and hotdip gahanized coating surfaces. The git size for hotdip galvanized coaling surfaces shall be small to produce a surface profile of 25 um (1 mil). Aluminum oxide normally produces a very clean surface finish with very litle abrasive particle embedment, The zinc layer of hol-dip galvanized enatings shall nol be damaged; no defects such as breakthrough or cerisping ofthe zinc layer shall occur Safely equipment for surface preparation should he following (2) Afod blast hood, proporty fitted, with good: vision (0) Chacoslfitered and regulated compressed breathing ait supply (6) Operator-contolled deadman remote contol valves: (4) Operator protective dothing, gloves, ete: (e) Operator safely belts: (Proper scaffolding: and (@)_ Proper lighting, Alternative Mathods of Surtace Cleaning 8.7.1 Wel Abrasive Blasting Feduso dust or in cases in which fre or explosion risks: are present The blast cleaned surface should be: ‘washed off immediately with fresh water. Only aller \wrillen approval of the facility owner may a suitable Corrosion inhibiter such a5 0.3 w#3% sodium nar with 11.2 t% ammonium phosphate bo used to prevent fash rusting, Chromate inhibitors shall not be used, In general, the residues of the inhibitor may not be Temoved before coating, Compatibilly of the inhibitor with the overcost sysiem shall be verified with the coating manufacturer. The cleaned surface shall be: thoroughly dry atthe time of eoating, 6.7.2 Walerjetting 6.7.2.1 If abrasive blasting is nol permitted for Certain areas where dusting and overblasting may damage process equipment, HPW and UHPWJ may be used to achieve WJ-2/L surface NACE International ‘SP0108-2008 cleanliness in sccordance with NACE No. SISSPC-SP 12, Use of HPWJ and UHPW shall be used only in maintenance coating operations for remewal of failed coating systems to fevesl an adequate surface profile. 6.7.2.2. Watesetting does not alter the existing surface profile, and, thus, other methods of surface preparation must be used i the revesled surface profile is not adequate for the specified primeriecating system. 67.23 HPWJ and UHPWJ are hazardous operations and require the use of welltrained and experienced operators, Operators. shall wear earplugs, a face shield, 2 raincoat, proper footweer, and gloves and must have frm footing whon using tho waterjet, Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be used during operation of te waterjeting equipment 6.1.24 No corrosion inhibitor is necessary in the Jetting water to prevent flash rusting, If eorrosion Inhibiors are to be used, the manufacturer of the waterjeting equipment shall be consulted to ensure compalitilty of the inhibitors vith the equipment. The coating manufacturer shal also be consulled to ensure the compatibility of the Inhibitors with the coatings. 67.25 The cleaned surface shall be thoroughly dy al the time of enating 6.1.3. Contifugal Abrasive Blasting ‘A portable blasting machine may be used to prepare steel decks and tank floors using recyclable steel abrasives, 67.4 Vacuum Blasting Vacuum blasting may be used in the reas where open abrasive blasting iS not permited or desirable or for ‘spot repair of damaged or corroded areas. 6.7.5 Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal Power tool cleaning to bare metal in accordance with SSPC-SP 11 shall be used only when blast cleaning is hot Feasible, Cara shall be taken to ensure that the ‘steel surface dees not become polished ater power tool cleaning. If the surface being prepared lies adjacent fo a costed surface, the power tool cleaning ‘hall overlap the coated surface by at least 25 mm (1 in) and the coated surface shall be feathered. 2‘SP 0108-2008 ‘Section 7: Coating Materials and Application 7.1 General 1.1.1. Single manufacturer responsibilty shoul be maintained by using primers, intermediate coats, and lopeoats from the sare menufactures, 7.1.2 SSs may be susceptible to liquid metal cracking. Coatings containing metallic zinc or other low meting point metals, such as cadmium, shall never be used, bovexsprayed, or dropped on S$ components 1.1.3 Before commencing any spot costing repair work, the compatibility with esting coating systems shall be assessed in accordance with ASTM D 5084." 7.2. Storage and Handling of Coating Materials 7.2.1 Costing materials shall be furnished inthe manufacturer's original, unopened container, dearly labeled to identify the contents, 7.2.2 Coating materials shall be stored and handled in accordance wih te coating manufacturer's instructions, 7.2.3 Al coating materials should be stored in a ‘manner that prevents exposure to weather extremes, itn 10 to 32°C (50 to 90°F) being optimum. 7.2.4 Manufacturer's specified shelf life for costing ‘components shal be followed 7.2.5 Thinners or cleaners shall comply with the coating manufacturer's recommensation, ot if independently purchased, shall be of compositions: ‘approved by the coating manufacturer 7.2.8 Solvent can elosires shall be kept tight at all, limes to prevent the entrance of humid ir, which can lead to condensation 7.3. Mixing and Thinning 7.3.1 All coating materials shall be thoroughly mixed por to application 73.1.1 If the pigment settles, it shall be redispeesed with a power mixer to form a uniform mixture, 7.3.1.2 For two-component coating materia, the catalyzed mixture also shall be mixed with a power 2 74 7.3.1.3 For heavily pigmented coatings, such as zinc-Fieh primers, mixing shall be continued during ‘pplication to prevent setting. 73.2 The mixer and pot shall be thocoughly cleaned before new cnating materials ate mixes 7.3.3 Thinners shell not be used unless specified by the coating manufacturer, If used, thinners shall be of the type and inthe amount specified by the coating rmanulacturer. 7.3.4 Mixed coatings should be strained through a 250 to 600.jum (30. to 60-mesh) screen to remove any Fercign materials or undispersed pigment particles, Coating Application 7A.1. Spray Application ‘All coatings that are applied by conventional spray, ‘ales spray, or other Spray equipment shall be applied ‘only with equipment specified or approved by the ‘coating manufacturer, 7.4.2 Brush Application Provided that the coating manufacturer considers the ‘coating material suitable, brush application should only be used under the folowing ercumstances: (2) Spotrepaty (0) Stripe regular surfaces; ing on edges, comers, or other (9) Smaltbore parts not sultable fer spray pplication; ant (@) Water condensing pipes. 7A Stripe Coat Irregular surfaces such as sharp edgos, wolds, smell brackets, and interstices may be stripe coated, usually by brush or role, fo ensure the specified fm thickness is provided, particularly for sees in immersion service. ‘The color of the stripe cost shall be diferent from the provious or subsequent coal. NACE International‘SP0108-2008 Section 8: Quality Assurance and Control 8.1 General 8.1.1 The coating contractor shall ensure that updated product technical dala sheets are obtained from the ‘manufacturer and that coating materials are within thes shelf life before commencing any coating work. 8.1.2 The facility owner may hire tic party inspectors, (eg. NACE Coating Inspector Level 2~ Certfis, of higher) to carryout reguiar inspection, 82 Quality Plan Before commencing any work, the coating contractor shall submit 2 specific quality plan for approval, This plan shall include: (a) A sequence for the various activities in relation to the total work to be done; (0) The required surface preparation, and coating system to be applied: (6) A Ist of the coating matorials to be used, including batch numbers; (6) Full details of the blast and spray equipment including, where appropriate, dehydration, temperature, ‘any olher environmental control. messures, and methods of access; (€)_ Details of the personnel involved in the work Together vith @ clear definiion of ther responsibilities ‘and lines of communication: (9 Detailed procedures for testing and inspection, including the methods and equipment to be used, the test frequency, and acceptance criteria: (@)___ Acceptable weather conditions (temperature and RH); and (6) Calibration methods for the inspection pment 8.3. Reporting ‘The coating contractor shal, not less than once per week. submit ction reports giving details of weather conditions, ambient temperalure/RH. particulars of application (eg... blast cleaning. WET and DFT measurements, and anomalies), and progress of work vorsus approved program. All parts and areas that have eon inspected and accepted oF rejected shall be clearly ‘dentiied and documented, 84 Inspection Personnel Inspection personnel shall be individually certified by an approved organization (eg. NACE Coating specter Level 2 Cantiied, o©higher, ACAPA." FROSIO") 8,8 Inspection Equipment “The coating contractor shall provide and use all inspection equipment necessary io ensure that the specified conditions ‘and quality requirerrents are achieved, 8.6 Dow Point, Relative Humidity, and Ambiont and Substrate Temperature No coating work sal be cated out when the temperature of the substrates les than 3°C (SF) above the dew point or tho RH fs grater than 85% and tho ambion omperstarc SS below 8:C (10°F), ‘Some coating sysoms my be used below 5°C (40-F), and mobtre-ctred teethane coating systems may be ise higher than 859% RH, No coatings Shall be applied fo steel surfaces exceeding a sibtate temperate specfed by the coating manufacture. Some hotburface-eplied maintenance coatings may be used for application on ightomporatiresuraces i ther patformance has been demonstated, The moasuremants Shall be made'e minimum of thee times per day during the rxgross ofthe work 8.7 Residual Salt Contamination 8.7.1 Among all the soluble salts, the chloride ion is the mest devimental to coating’ service fife. The maximum total allowablo soluble chloride ion content ‘on the surfaco is listed in Table 15, The assessment of the soluble chloride ion content shal be carried out in ‘accordance with ISO 8502-6" and 8502-9" or an approved (by facility ovmer) commercial field test kt to ‘measur the solublo chloride ion content. Because of lhe shart test time, the measured values may be approximately 50% of the rue values, ©) Association for Cemfcaion and Qualifeation of Articorrosive Pairteoxk (ACOPA), 1D ne du Debarcadere 75052, Pars cedex 17, France. ‘The Norwegian Professional Counol for Educate and Ceniication of Inspecters for Sutace Treamert (FROSIO), Lysaker, Nona, NACE International fandveien 1, 23‘SP 0108-2008 88 24 Table 15: Maximum Total Soluble Chloride lon Content Coating Category New Construction Waintenance ‘Splash Zono, oxtorior submerged Dmg Zomgie zone, and ballast wale tank ‘Aunospheric 2006. 7omgar omg Stainless steels 20 myn 20 mgint "The lel oftesidual Sal contammnalon on ihe sTace has a vey signfcantelfed on he service Te aTihe immersion type coating Systems. clean suriace should be axaned price to coating, However, ifthe soluble thlonde fon contents high and cbtaning a clean sulace is too cos, the alowabte solute chioide ion ‘content shal be agreed toby the costing appicatcr and facihty owner 8.1.2 Testing ofthe soluble chloride ion cortent shal bo arid out atleast on each component. once pot 200 mt (2,000 1), anda minimum of treo tines por Shit during the progress ofthe werk. Special attention Shel be given (0 areas where weter has been tapped and cd ot Surface Cleanliness 8.8.1 General ‘Tho blast leaned surfaces shall bo examined for traces of oil, grease, and contamination, The black lighting level for examination shall be 500 Ix minimum. IF present, these substances. shall be removed by solvent washing. No acid weshes, cleaning solutions, solvents, or other chemical treatments shall be used on metal surfaces after they have been blast cleaned. This restriction includes inhibitve washes intended to prevent lash rusting, 88.2 Surface Dust ‘The dust level on the blast-cleaned surface at the time ‘of coating shall not exceed quantityrating 2 in ‘accordance with ISO 8502-3." Checks on dust levels shall be made gn each component at least once. per 200 mn (2,000 1} of prepared surface, and 2 minimum, of three checks per shift during the progress of the: work, Vacuum cleaning is normally requted in confined spaces (tanks, vessels, etc). particularly for immersion service applications, 88.3 Mil Scale Blast-leaned new construction carbon steel surfaces: shall bo tasted for the presence of mil scalo, Tho: leaned surfaces shall be examined. with optical magnifying instruments or chemical tests such as 3 ‘copper sulfate test in accordance with ASTM A 360" Al the beginning of each project, inspections for the presence “of mil scale shall be made on each Component at least once per 200 m* (2,000 ft) of prepared surface. Aer two days, a sninimum of three Inspections per day shall be made during the progress, of the work, 8.8.4 Amine Blush Amine blush frequently oocus at low curing lemperaturesthigh RH and shall be remeved in accordance with the coating manufacturer's, recommendation, It is a surface defect and does not ‘affect tho quality of tho film if it eccurs on the topcoat. To prevent amine blush, the epoxy coating material requires an induction period specified by the manufacturer afer mixing and before use. AL lower ‘ambient temperatures, induction time is lengthened, For somo opoxy costing systoms, oven a. long induction time does not permit enough reaction in the pot to prevent amine bkish on coats applied at low Temperature. 88 Surface Profie The surface profile shall be specified by the coating manufacturers, Ifnot specified, the surface profie shall be in the range of 40 to 75 um (1.5 to 3:mil fr all iquid ‘coatings. and 63 to 150 um (2.5 6 6 mi) for TSA, The ‘surface profile shall be measured by the replica tape ‘method in accordance with NACE Standard P0287," ‘or ISO 8503-5." Surface profile shall be measured on ‘each component, at least ance per 200 m' (2,000 Wt) of prepared Surface, and a minimum of three times per Shift during the progress of the werk. 8.10 Coating Application 8.10.1 Coating Appearance: The completed coating shall be fee from defects such 185 runs, sags, pinhols, sh eyes, bubbles, orange ppoel, grildust inclusions, ar other deleterious ‘anomalies, and be of good visual appearance. The lopenat shall compleiely hide the coor of the: Lundeatying coat 8.10.2. Wel Film Thickness Spot checks of WFT shall be castied out during the ‘course of coating application to ensure that. fm thickness is bong maintanod, — Coating WET measurement shall be performed in accordance with 150 2606," Mather No. 1A—comb gauge NACE International8.10.3. Dry Film Thickness Coating DFT measurement shall be in accordance with 1SO 2608. Type Il electromagnetic gauges should be: used for ferrous substrates and eddy current type: gauges should be used for nonferrous substrates. ‘Type | magnatic “banana” type gauges shall not be: used. The DFT gauge caltration, DFT specification, umber of measurements, and DFT acceptance criteria shal be in aceardanece with SSPC-PA 2 8.10.4 Holiday Testing Holiday testing shall be conducted in accordance with NACE SPO188." For immersion and splash zone services, 100% of the coated aroas shall be inspocted for holidays, For atmospheric sorvices, 10% of tho ‘coated areas, which include weld seams, comers, and edges. shall be holiday detected. — Any holiday is unacceptable and shall be meked and repaired ‘according to spot repair procedures, 8.10.5 Adhesion Advesion of the primer to the steel substate and intercoat adhesion of the subsequent coat(s) after Curing fora leest week safer application of the topooat shall bo. oxamined. by “2 knfo.tost ih accordance with ASTM D 6877." For the knife test. if the rating fs beter than 6, the adhesion is considered ccepiable. The axdnesion test 6 desttucive and tested areas shal be repaired aftrverd using the spot ropar procedure. -Alernatwely. tho appeal. may perform the adhesion test on a sleol coupon coat! Using the. same surface preparation and coating Applicalion procedures as te werk piece, Adhesion ‘cating shal bo cemod out for sch rporant t oast oneo por 200 mr (2.000) of costed. surface, ‘SP0108-2008 8.11Final Inspection A inal. inspection shall be conducted prior to. the acceptance of the work, The coating contractor and the facility owner shall both be present and they shall sign an ‘agreed inspection report. Such reports shall include: General Names of the coating contractor and the responsible personnel Dates when work was performed Coating materials Information on coating materials being applied Condition of coating materials received Environmental concitions Weather and ambient conditions Coating periods Surface preparation ‘Condition of surface before preparation “Tools and methods used to prepare surfac Condition of surface ater preparation Coating application Equipment used ‘Mixing procedure prior to application Coating application techniques used Testing ‘Type ond calibyation of inspection instruments used Type of quality control tests performed, and results, Section 9: Coating Repair 9.1 General “The average DFT shall be within the specified DFT range. Al coating defects, including low DFT and damaged coatings, shall be repaired, Damaged or low DFT inorganic Zinc-rch primers cannot be repaited ond require replacement. The areas to be repaired shall be precleaned fonto the secure surrounding coating for nat less than 25 ‘mm (1 in) all around and the edges shell he feathered over ‘with of atleast 50 mm (2 in). 8.2 Low Dry Film Thickness. Ifthe average DFT is less than the minimum value of the Specified DFT range, the area shall be repaired with additional coating. I the existing coating has exceeded is recoat window, the surlace shall be atraded by ether NACE International brush-off blast cleaning with fine abrasives in accordance with NACE No. 4/SSPC-SP_T or abrasive paper prior to recoat, To ensure good bonding to the substrate coating, @ ppatch test stall be performed in accordance with ASTM D 5084. If the bonding to the substrate coating is. not sufficient, an adequate liquid penetration sealer should be applied to promote bonding prior to the application of the ropa coat 9.3: High Dry Film Thickness I the average DFT exceeds the maximum value of the Spociied DFT range, the corrective action shall be determined by the faciity owner and the coating ‘manufacturer, Under no ckctimstances shall the maaimum DFT on a flat surface be more than three times the specified maximum DFT, I this occurs, the surface shall be 28‘SP 0108-2008 reblasted to bere metal and recoated with the specified coating system. 94 Damaged Coating If coating defects, such 9s holidays, blistering, cracking, ‘mud cracking, wrinkling, disbonding, lting, peeling, over runs, tips, and smears appesr, coating in the entire damaged area shall be removed to bare metal by abrasive ing to near-white metal in accordance with NACE No. 2ISSPC-SP 10 (Sa 7.5) oF power tool cleaning ta bare metal in accordance with SSPC-SP 11, The full coating system shall be applied, The undamaged area shall be feathered, Section 10: Flange Corrosion Control 10.1 General Because it is extremely difficult to abrasive blast the bolt hholes and the crevice botwoen the flanges, liquid coating may nol he an effective measure 0 prevent flange corrosion al these trouble spots, A corrosion conival ‘material (Such as inhibitor grease) should be installed ‘correctly intially after the flange has been assembled on the (offshore siructure, The bolt holes and flange erevices shall, be sealed off completely fom the offshore corrosive environment. 10.2 Sealants Commercialy available viscous sealants, such as soft and low-molecular weight polyolefin sealants a carrosion Inhibitor greases, should be injected into the flange crevice. Section 11: 11 General Fastener coatings are generally applied at 7.5 um (0.3 mil) fr less, and, consequently, can be easily damaged during handing. Thicker coatings can be applied, but the nus must be oversized for proper make-up, Waterborne ‘inorganic and cadmium coatings may provide longer service life than hot-dip galvanized coalings or other polymeric gs for service on offshore structures, Use of cadmium 15 may be restricted in some applications because of health and safely issues. ‘Because of the corrasivenoss of the offshore envionment sand the low DFT required for make-up, commercial fastener Ccoalings such as Muoropolymer fastener coating should be lweated as temporary protection and overcoated wih a flexble organic costing and topcoated wih a UV-resistant coating alter installation for both new consituetion and ‘maintenance, 26 ‘The sealants are very hydrophobic. A polymeric tape or SS tape should then be wrapped around the flange to enclose the flange crevice completely 103 Petrolatum or Wax Tapes Pettolaium or wax tapes may be used for ambient to moderate temperature service applications in accordance with the product manufacturer's specication, For maintenance, te entire flange should be overwrapped wih commercial petrolalum of wax tape, which is made of polyester felt mpregnated with very hydrophobic petrotatum for wax to provide encapsulation against water. Visual Inspection cannot be conducted without unwrapping the tape. However, the flange shall be wrapped again after the inspection, Tape shall be replaced ifthe encapsulation is broken, Fastener Coatings 11.2. Corrosion Inhibitor Grease For tomporary corrosion protection (less than two yoars), the coated or bare fasteners may be encapsulated with ‘corrosion inhibitor grease, 11.3: Cadmium Coating Cadmium fastener coatings used in the past with good performance are being replaced by other coatings because Of heath and safety concems. If cadmium coatings are used, local and national health and safety regulations shell be followed, 11.4 HotDip Galvanized Coating Hot dip golanized coatings shal be applied in accordance wit) ASTM A. 153/A 183M. These coatings have better fesistance to mechanical damage than the conventional ‘xganie: coatings, but stall not be used for coating of some SS fasteners, immersion service, or under insulation ‘plications above 80°C (140°F). NACE International‘SP0108-2008 Section 12: Pipe Support Corrosion Control 12.1 General IT steal pipes are laid directly on the flat stee! plate, the: Coating al the contact point is under high corrpression load. ‘This nay cause creep that resuls in thinning ofthe coating. Waler also will be rapped at the crevice between the pipe: and the steel pipe support plate, Therefore, rusting at the pipe suppert Is 9 very common failure mode on offshore structures, 12.2 Anchering Stee! U-bend Pipes ate also anchored with a steel U bend, The U-bend 's normally protected with 3 carbon black pigmented polychloroprene rubber sheath, The rubber sheath can also provide abrasion resistance: however, moisture is typically trapped in these crevices, feciitating coating failures errosion inhibitor grease should be applied onto the steel U:bend prior to inserting in the rubber sheath, 12.3. Overwrapping wilh Fiberglass Reinforced Composite Tape ‘The pipe should be overmapped with a layer of fiberglass: reinforced composite tape wih adhesWve backing. The fiberglass-reinforced composite provides good mechanical resistance al the contact point with the pipe support pla, 124 Semisphere-Shaped Thermoplastic Pipe Support Rod ‘Somisphere shaped thermnpiastic rod may be used under the pipe to facilitate water drainage, This rod material rust have good compression creep resistance. This technique ako allows for future corrosion inspection and access to reeoal. ‘Section 13: Corrosion Control of Small-Bore Stainless Steel Tubing 13.1 General ‘Small-bore SS bing is commonly used on offshore Structures for instrument lines oF transportation of hydraulic fluids and chemicals, The commonly used SS_ tubing ‘material, UNS S31600/S31603 (Type 316/316L SS), 1s ‘suscopiible to piting and crevice corrosion as well as CSCC In a chiorde-laden environment Crevice corrosion 1S caused by a differential aeration cell (oxygen concentration cel]. Accumulation of deposits on the surface of SS may also cause crevice corrosion under deposits. The severity of attack depends on chloride concentation and operating temperature, and in the case of CSCC, also on tensile stress (applied or residual). Thus, external extruded thermoplastic coatings. proper “mechanical instalation, cortosion resistant alloys (CRAs), andior CP by galvanic ‘coupling may be used to mitigate the corrosion of SS tubing on offshore structures, 182 Crevice Corrosion Under Anchor Clamps and Clips ‘Small bore SS thing has been commonly anchored with a plastic clamp and clips. Under these mechanical devices, a crevice may form and cause creviee corresion in the offshore environment, Plastic clamps and. clips. that faciliale crevice corrosion shall nol be used on offshore structures, NACE International 18.3 Crevice Corrosion Between Two Touching SS Tubes ‘A crevice may form batween two touching SS tubes and ‘aise crevice crrrosion in an offshore environment, Proper Separation between neighboring tubes shall be provided during instalation It has been the practice of some ‘olfshore operators to attach tho SS tubing to marine grade sluninum support trays, thus using the galvani protec the SS tubing, 184, Liquid Protective Coatings In general, it §s diffleult to provide appropriate surface [preperation and apply coatings on stall bore tubing. Thi film coatings can be easily damaged, and, therefore, they are not a reliable method for cerrosion miigation 18.5. Nonmetallic Jacket (Coating) on SS Tubing Extruded polyiny! chloride (PVC) jacketed SS tubing has been used on offshore structures, However, the chloride jon can be released upon heating and cause pitting Flexible polyurethane thermoplastic rubber coating is more durable in protecting SS tubing. Carbon black pigment must be included to improve UV. resistance, The polyurethane must also be of fire retardant grade. Coating thickness should be in a range of 1 to 3 mm (0.06 to 0.13 in dapending on tho tubing size. Care must be taken not inlroduce crevices at the various splices, an‘SP 0108-2008 Section 1 141 All coating materials shall comply with relevant regulatory requirements of the county where the costing operation takes place. 14.2 All waste material (hazardous or otherwise) generated fas a result of the coating operations shall bo properly Stored, transported, and disposed. All handing of wast material, including but not limited to spent abrasives, coatings. thinners, solvents, and cleaners, shall be performed in a safe and legal manner and shall comply with all appicabio regulations and laws, 14.4 The coating manufacturers shall provide the current MSDS to the coaiing applicator prior to starting the work, 144 Tho coating applicater shall provide all workers with approved PPE including safely glasses, safely shoes, had lealth, Safety, and Environment hats, gouges, resprators, eexplugs, fesh-ai-fed hoods and any olher necessary safety equipment. All the safely equipment shell be maintained in a good working concltan. Al blasting equipment shall be filed with an aulomatic deadman devee. 14.5 The costing applicator shall be required to test werk areas for lammable vapors with an appropriate vapor tester Prior to and throughout abrasive biasting and coating ‘operations. 146 The coating applicator shell post appropriate warning sigis ann erect appropriate barrie in the work area. 14.1 For confined spaces, such as ballast water tanks, all safety rules shall be folowed prior to the caating operation, References 1, NACE Standard RPOT76-2003 (supersested), “Corrosion Control of Stee! Fed Offshore Structures Associated with Petroleum Production” (Houston, TX NACE), (Available from NACE as an historical document onl.) 2, NACE SPO176 (latest revision), “Corrosion Control of Submerged Areas of Permanently installed Steel Ofishare Stuctures Associated wih Petroleum Production” (Houston, TX: NACE), 3, ASTID 920 (atest revision), “Standard Specification for Zine: Dust Pigment” (West Consliohacken, PA: ASTM), 4, 1S0 3549 (latest revision), “Zinc dust pigments for paints ~ Spesifications and test methods" (Geneva, Switzerland: 180) 5, NACE No. 2¢SSPC-SP 10 (latest revision), "Near White ‘Metal Blast Cleaning’ (Houston, TX: NACE. and Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC), 6, NACE No, 1/SSPC-SP 5 (latest revision), "White Metal Blast Cleaning" (Houston, TX: NACE, and Pittsburgh, PA: ‘SSPC) 7. NACE No. 12/AWS C2.23MISSPC-CS_23,00 (latest revision), "Specification for the Application of Thermal Spray Coatings (Metallizng) of Aluminum, Zinc, and Their Alloys ‘and Composites. for the Corrosion Protection of Stee!" (Houston, TX NACE: Miami, FL: AWS; Pittsburgh, PA: SPC) 28 8, NACE No, 4/SSPC-SP 7 (latest revision), “Brush-OfF Blast Cleaning" (Houston, TX: NACE, and Piisburgh, PA: ‘SSPC) 3. SSPCSP 1 (latest revision), "Solvent Cleaning” (Phusburgh, PA: SSPC), 10. NACE No, SISSPC-SP 12, “Surface Preparation and Cleaning of Metals by Watexjeting Prior to Recoating” (Houston, TX: NACE, and Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC). 11 ASTM. A 1231 123M (test revision), “Standard Specification for Zin (Hot Dip Galvanized) Coatings on ron ane Steel Products’ (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM), 12. ASTM A 153/A 153M (lotest revision), “Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on iron and Steel Hartivere” (West Conshohocken, PA ASTM, 13, 40 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Part 261, Appondix 1, Mothod 1311 (latast_rovision), “Toxécty Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)" (Washington De: Office of the Federal Register) 14. US. EPA Publication SW-B46 (latest revision), “Test Motiods for Evaluating Sold Waste PhysicalChomical Mettiods” (Washington, DC: EPA). NACE International1S. MILPRF-23236C (latest revision), Performance Specicaton for Coating ‘Systems for Ship Structures (Philadelphia, PA: DODSSP™), 16, ASTM C 871 (latest revision), “Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodaum ions” (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM, 11, ASTM D 1475 (latest revision), “Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products” (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM, 18, ASTM D 2369 (Latest revision), "Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coalings’ West Conshohocken, PA ASTM) 19, BSI BS 5970 (latest revision), “Code of Practice for Thermal Insulation of Pjpewerk and. Equipment inthe Temperature Range of 100°C to +870°C* (London, UK: Bs 20, ASTM B 479 (latest revision), “Standard Specification for Annealed Aluminum and Aluminum-Aloy Foil. for Flexible Barrier, Food Contact, and Other Applications” (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM, 21, WH, Thomason, “Deterioration of Thermal Spray ‘Aluminum Coating on Hot Risers Due to Thermal Cycling,” CORROSION/2004, paper no. 04021 (Houston, TX NACE, 2004), 22, 0. Knudsen, “Rapid Degadation of Painiod TSA" CORROSIONI2004, paper no, OF025 Houston, TX: NACE, 2004) 23, ASTM D 23/1 (latest revision), "Standard Test Method fer Pigment Content of Solvent Reducible Pains” (West Conishohockon, PA: ASTM), 24, ASTM D 2621 (latest revision), "Standard Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle Solids from Solvent Reslucible Paints” (West Consholiocken, PA: ASTM). 25. NACE Standard TMO404 (latest revision), “offshore Platform Atmospheric and Splash Zone New Constuetion Coating System Evaluation’ (Houston, TX: NACE). 26, NACE Standard TM0304 (atest revision), “Otfshore: Platform’ Atmospheric and Splash Zone Maintenance Coating System Evaluation’ (Houston, TX: NACE). 27. ASTM G 14 (latest revision), “Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Pipeline Coatings (Falling Weight Test)" (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM). 28, NACE Standard TMO104 (latest revision), “Otfshore. Platform Ballast Water Tank Coating System Evaluation” (Houston, TX NACE) a Phadespia, PA 19111-5004 NACE International ‘SP0108-2008 29. NACE Standerd TM0204 (latest revision), “Exterior Protecive Coatings for Seawater Immersion Service” (Houston, TX: NACE) 30, ASTM D 522 (latest revision), “Standard Test Methods {er Mandrel Bend Test of Attactied Organic Coatings” (West Cenishobocken, PA: ASTM), 31, ASTM D 2794 (latest revision), "Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)" (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM) 32, SSPC-SP 11 (latest revision) "Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Meta (Pitsburgh, PA: SPO) 33, ISO 8501-1 (latest revision), “Preparation of steel Substrates before application of paints and related products—Visual assessment of surface cleanliness —Part 1: Rust grades ond preparation grades of uncoated stee! substrates and of steel substrates aftr overall romoval of previous coatings’ (Geneva, Switzerland: ISO), 34, SSPC-SP 3 (latest revision), "Power Tool Cleaning’ (Pitsburgh, PA: SSPC) 35, NACE 6GI9B/SSPC-TR. 2 (latest_revision), "Wet Ateasive Blast Cleaning’ (Houston, TX: NACE, and Pitsburgh, PA: SSPC). 36. AW. Malloy, "Mechanical Surface Preperation,” in SSPC Painting Manusl—Good Paining Practice (test revision) chapter 21 (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC). 37. ASTM D 4285 (latost revision), "Standard Test Method fer Indicating Oi or Water in Comprossed Ar” (West Cenishohocken, PA: ASTM), 38, ISO 11124-3 (latest revision), “Preparation of steel Substrates before application of paints and rolatod products ~ Specifications fer metalic blast-cleaning abrasives ~ Part 3: High-carbon cast-steel shot and grit” (Geneva, Switzerland: SO) 39, ISO 111268 (latest revision), “Proparation of stool Substrates belore application of pats and related products ~ Specifications for non-metalic blas-clesning abrasives — Part B: Olvine sand” (Geneva, Switzerland: ISO), 40, 1SO 111269 (latest revision), “Preperation of steel substrates before application of paints and related produets = Specifications for non metalic blas-clesning abrasives — Part 9: Staurolite” (Geneva, Switzerland: ISO), 41, 1S. 11126-10 (atest revision), “Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products = Specifications for non metalic blast-cleaning abrasives — Pari 10; Almandite garnet” (Geneva, Switzerland: ISO), ‘of Defense Single Stock Point (DODSSP), Document Automation and Producten Senices, 700 Rebbins Ave, Buln 4, 29‘SP 0108-2008 42, 1SO.11126-4 (latest revision), “Preparation of steel substrates belore applecation of paints and related products = Specifications for non- metalic blast-cleaning abrasives — Parl 4; Coal furnace slag’ (Geneva, Switzerland: ISO), 43, |SO.11126-7 (latest revision), “Preparation of stool Substrates before application of paints and related products = Specifications for non-metalic blast-cleaning abrasives — Part 7: Fused aluminum oxide.” (Geneva, Switzerland: ISO) 44, ASTM D 5064 (latest revision), "Standard Practice for Conducting @ Patch Test to Assess Coating Compatibility” (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM, 45, 1S. 8502-6 (latest revision), “Preparation of steel Substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness ~ Part 6: Extraction of soluble contaminants for analysis — The Bresle ‘method (Geneva, Switzerland: ISO), 46, 1SO. 8502.9 (latest revision), “Preparation of steel Substrates before application of paints and related products ~ Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness ~ Pat Field method for the conductomevic determination of water soluble salts” (Geneva, Switzerland: ISO), 41, 1SO 8502-3 (latest revision), “Preparation of steel substrates before appication of paints and related products ~Tesis for the assessment of surface claniiness ~ Patt 3 ‘Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting (oressuresensiive tape method)” (Geneva, Swizeriand 1S0) 30 48, ASTM A 380 (latest revision), “Standard Practlog for leaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless. Steel Paris, Fquipment and Systems” (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM) 49, NACE Standard RP0287 (latest revision), “Field ‘Measurement of Surface Profile of Abrasive Blast-Cleaned Steel Surfaces Using Replica Tape" (Houston, TX: NACE}, 50, ISO 8903.5 (latest revision), “Preparation of slee! Substrates before application of paints and rolated products ~ Surface roughness characteristics of blast cleaned steel substrates —" Part 5: Replica tape method for the determination of the surface profile” (Geneva, Switzerland: ISO), 51. ISO 2808 (latest revision), "Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness” (Geneva, Switzerland: ISO), 52, SSPC-PA 2 (latest revision), "Measurement of Dry Ceailiag Thickness with Magnetic Gages” (Pitsburgh, PA: SSPC} 53, NACE SPO188 (latest revision), "Discontinuity (Hofidoy) Testing of New Proiecive Coatings on Conductive Substrates’ (Houston, TX: NACE). 54, ASTM D 6677 (Latest revision), "Standard Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife (West Conshohocken, PA ASTM) NACE International