Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous

Function > Routine > happening NOW > Started in the > Started in the PAST,
> Facts PAST, related NOW Still happening NOW
> NOW > for . . .
Time > Every . . . > at the moment > since . . .
Signal > Always . . . > at present > just
> once/twice a . . . > this . . . > already
> yet/ever/never
(+) V1 / V1+s/es am/is/are + Ving have/ has + V3 have/has + been + Ving
(-) Don’t/doesn’t + V1 am/is/are + NOT + Ving haven’t/hasn’t + V3 Haven’t/hasn’t + been + Ving
(?) Do/Does + S + V1? Am/Is/are + S + Ving ? have/has + S + V3? Have/Has + S + been + Ving?

Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Present Perfect Continuous

Function > Past action
> yesterday
Time > last . . .
Signal > . . . AGO
> in 2015

(+) V2
(-) Didn’t + V1
(?) Did + S + V1?