Submitted By: Submitted To:

RISHABH DWIVEDI Dr. MONIKA SINGH

MBA (1ST SEMESTER)
UPID NOIDA
 INDEX

S. No. CONTENT Page No. Date

1. LAB - Assignment 1 30/12/2020

2. Network Topology 12/01/2021
3. LAB - Assignment 2 13/01/2021

4. LAB - Assignment 3 25/01/2021

5. LAB - Assignment 4 09/02/2021

6. LAB - Assignment 5 10/02/2021

7. LAB - Assignment 6 13/02/2021

8. LAB - Assignment 7 16/02/2021

9. LAB - Assignment 8 28/02/2021

10. LAB - Assignment 9 01/03/2021

IT SKILLS
 LAB-ASSIGNMENT-3

Windows And User Interface

Windows Operating System
Every computer needs an Operating System to function. Microsoft Windows is one of the most
popular Graphical User Interface (GUI). Multiple applications can execute simultaneously in
Windows, and this is known as “Multitasking”. Windows Operating System uses both
Keyboard and mouse as input devices. Mouse is used to interact with Windows by clicking its
icons. Keyboard is used to enter alphabets, numerals and special characters.
Some of the functions of Windows Operating System are:
·      Access applications (programs) on the computer (word processing, games, spread sheets)
 ·        Load any new program on the computer.
 ·        Manage hardware such as printers, scanners, mouse, digital cameras etc.,
 ·        File management activities (For example creating, modifying, saving, deleting files).
 ·       Change computer settings such as color scheme, screen savers of your monitor, etc.

 The Versions Of Windows Operating System.

Elements in Graphical User Interface
1. Window
This is the element that displays the information on the screen. It is very easy to manipulate a
window. It can be opened or closed with the click of an icon. Moreover, it can be moved to any
area by dragging it around.In a multitasking environment, multiple windows can be open at the
same time, all of them performing different tasks.
There are multiple types of windows in a graphical user interface, such as container window,
browser window, text terminal window, child window, message window etc.
2. Menu
A menu contains a list a choices and it allows users to select one from them. A menu bar is
displayed horizontally across the screen such as pull down menu. When any option is clicked in
this menu, then the pull down menu appears.
 3. Icons
Files, programs, web pages etc. can be represented using a small picture in a graphical user
interface. This picture is known as an icon. Using an icon is a fast way to open documents, run
programs etc. because clicking on them yields instant access.
4. Controls
Information in an application can be directly read or influences using the graphical control
elements. These are also known as widgets. Normally, widgets are used to display lists of similar
items, navigate the system using links, tabs etc. and manipulating data using check boxes, radio
boxes etc.
5. Tabs
A tab is associated with a view pane. It usually contains a text label or a graphical icon. Tabs are
sometimes related to widgets and multiple tabs allow users to switch between different widgets.
Tabs are used in various web browsers such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Safari etc.
Multiple web pages can be opened in a web browser and users can switch between them using
tabs.

Using Mouse

Correct Mouse Hold

Learning the correct mouse hold is important for helping kids to be able to use a mouse quickly
and effectively. It’s important to learn this early on because developing an unsuitable hold can
become a habit that is hard to break later.
1. To hold the mouse correctly, you should:
2. Place your palm on the base of the mouse.
3. Put your thumb on the side of the mouse closest to the computer.
4. Put your index finger on the left button.
5. Put your middle finger on the right button.
6. Put your remaining fingers on the far side of the mouse.
7. Your wrist should be straight, following the angle of your arm and not twisted to either side
or higher or lower.
Using the mouse
Here are some tips for using the mouse:
1. When moving the cursor, look at the screen rather than your hand.
2. To single click, use your index finger to press and release the left button.
3. To double-click, press the same button quickly twice, without removing your finger.
4. To drag an item, click on it and hold the button, then move the mouse.
5. To drop an item, drag it to the position you want, and then release the mouse button.
Remember when using the mouse to keep your wrist straight and to move the mouse with your
arm not your wrist, as demonstrated in this photo:

My Computer icon
Add the My Computer Icon to the Windows 10 Desktop
1. First, right-click on the desktop and choose Personalize.
2. Now select Themes on the left-hand menu.
3. And then once you are there, you can select Desktop icon settings under the “Related
Settings” section.
4. You should see the icons show up as soon as you click Apply.

Recycle Bin
Windows Recycle Bin
Like the Apple's Trash application, the Recycle Bin is a location where deleted files or folders
are temporarily stored in every version of Microsoft Windows since Windows 95. The Recycle
Bin allows users to recover files that were deleted in Windows. It is on the desktop. The Recycle
Bin may look like a glass in your version of Windows.
 Adding an item to the Recycle Bin
When you delete a file or folder, that file or folder is added, or sent, to the Recycle Bin.
 How to open or find what is in the Recycle Bin
To open the Recycle Bin, double-click the Recycle Bin icon on the computer desktop. If done
correctly, a new Recycle Bin window opens showing all of the files in the Recycle Bin.
 Why is the Recycle Bin emptied?
Because files are not removed when they are moved to the Recycle Bin, they are still taking up
hard drive space. Most people empty the Recycle Bin to gain extra hard drive space and because
they're sure they'll never need to recover the deleted files stored in the Recycle Bin.
 How long do items stay in the Recycle Bin?
When a file or folder is deleted, it remains in the Recycle Bin until you empty the Recycle Bin.

Status bar
A status bar is a horizontal window at the bottom of a parent window in which an application can
display various kinds of status information. The status bar can be divided into parts to display
more than one type of information. The following screen shot shows the status bar in the
Microsoft Windows Paint application

Start Menu
The Start menu is a feature of the Windows operating system that provides quick access
to programs, folders, and system settings. By default, the Start menu is located in the lower-left
corner of the Windows desktop. In Windows 95 through Windows XP, the Start menu can be
opened by clicking the "Start" button. In newer versions of Windows, such as Windows Vista
and Windows 7, the Start menu can be opened by clicking the Windows logo.
Some keyboards also have a Windows key that opens the Start menu when pressed.
The Start menu contains two primary columns. The left column contains a list of the most
commonly used programs, as well as an "All Programs" submenu, which displays all the
currently installed applications. The bottom of the left column includes a search box, which can
be used to search for programs and files. The right column contains links to common folders,
such the Documents, Pictures, and Music folders. It also includes links to the Control
Panel, Default Programs, and other system settings. The bottom of the right column includes a
"Shut down" button, which can be used to turn off or restart the computer, put the computer to
sleep, or switch users.
The Start menu is an important part of the Windows user interface since it provides shortcuts to
many commonly accessed items. By familiarizing yourself with all the items in the Start menu,
you may be able to use your computer more efficiently. If you are feeling extra creative, you can
customize the functionality of the Start menu by right-clicking a blank area within the Start menu
and selecting "Properties." The resulting window will allow you to modify the appearance and
behavior of items within the Start menu.

Running an Application
In Windows, to run a program, double-click the executable file or double-click the shortcut icon
pointing to the executable file. If you have a hard time double-clicking an icon, you can click the
icon once to highlight it and then press the Enter key on the keyboard.

Setting Window
Change your screen saver settings
Go to Settings > Personalization > Lock screen, and select Screen saver settings. In the Screen
Saver Settings window, choose a screen saver from the drop-down list.
Change wallpaper setting
Select the Start button, then select Settings  > Personalization  to choose a picture worthy of
gracing your desktop background, and to change the accent color for Start, the taskbar, and other
items. The preview window gives you a sneak peek of your changes as you make them.
 Changing the System Date and Time
● Right-click on the time in the bottom-right of the screen and select Adjust Date/Time.
● A window will open. On the left side of the window select the Date & time tab. Then, under
"Change date and time" click Change. ...
● Enter the time and press Change.
● The system time has been updated.

Right-click button
Right-click menu
Sometimes abbreviated as RMB (right mouse button), the right-click is the action of pressing
down on the right mouse button. The right-click provides additional functionality to a computer's
mouse, usually in the form of a drop-down menu containing additional options.

Tip
Users with an Apple Macintosh computer that only have one mouse button can right-click any
item by holding down the Control key and then clicking the mouse button.

For example, you could highlight text using the left mouse button, and then right-click that text
and select Copy to copy the text to the clipboard. Once copied, you can paste that text into
another field or document. The image shows an example of the right-click menu in Microsoft
Word.

Create shortcut for an Office program

If you are using Windows 10

1. Click the Windows key

2. Then browse to the Office program for which you want to create a desktop shortcut.
3. Left-click the name of the program, and drag it onto your desktop.
4. A shortcut for the program appears on your desktop.

If you are using Windows 8

1. Click the Windows key
2. Then browse to the Office program for which you want to create a desktop shortcut.
3. Right-click the program name or tile, and then select Open file location.
4. Right-click the program name, and then click Send To > Desktop (Create shortcut).

A shortcut for the program appears on your desktop.

Create a desktop shortcut for an Office document or file
You can also create desktop shortcuts for specific Office files or documents.
In Windows Explorer, browse to the document or file for which you want to create a desktop
shortcut.
1. Right-click the name of the document
2. Then click Create shortcut.
3. In Windows 8 you would click Send To > Desktop (Create shortcut).
4. A shortcut for that document or file appears on your desktop.

Windows Setup

Windows Setup is an installer that prepares a hard disk drive for a Microsoft Windows
operating system installation by executing two processes: a) initializing the drive and b) copying
system files to that drive in order for the operating system to be run locally (see Volume).
The early versions of Windows required an existing compatible version of DOS operating
system in order to be installed. The Windows NT family, from 3.1 through 6.0 featured text-
based installation that prompted users to a GUI wizard in the final steps. The 9x family installer
was similar to NT despite it being MS-DOS-based. Additionally, it did not need preinstalled
DOS as a requirement. With the release of Windows NT 6.0 (Vista), Microsoft introduced a fully
graphical setup environment and UEFI support (partial in Windows Vista and 7, full UEFI
support on Windows 8 onwards) after dropping MS-DOS backward compatibility from Window.

Microsoft Notepad
Notepad is a simple text editor for Microsoft Windows and a basic text-editing program which
enables computer users to create documents. It was first released as a mouse-based MS-DOS
program in 1983, and has been included in all versions of Microsoft Windows since Windows
1.0 in 1985.

Features
Notepad is a common text-only (plain text) editor. The resulting files—typically saved with
the .txt extension—have no format tags or styles, making the program suitable for editing system
files to use in a DOS environment and, occasionally, source code for later compilation or
execution, usually through a command prompt. It is also useful for its negligible use of system
resources; making for quick load time and processing time, especially on under-powered
hardware. Notepad supports both left-to-right and right-to-left based languages. Most versions of
Notepad do not interpret newlines in Unix- or classic Mac OS-style text files as actual newlines.

Windows Accessories – Operating Systems

● Calculator
● Snipping Tool
● Character Map
● Notepad
● WordPad
● Sticky Notes
● Paint
● System tools
● Disk defragmenter
● Format
● System restore
● Disk cleanup.

IT SKILLS LAB
Assignment: 4
 WORD PROCESSOR

Word Processor is used to create, edit, and print documents on a computer. Of all computer
Applications, word processor are the most commonly used. To perform word processing - a
Computer, word processing software and a printer are required.

Word processing software enables the user to do the following:

 To create a document.
 Store it electronically on a USB or on a computer.
 Display it on a screen.
 Modify or format it by entering commands and characters from the keyboard.
 Print the document on a printer.

What Application Software is Available?

 Microsoft Word is the most widely used word processing software.

 Many other word processing applications exist, including WordPerfect and open source
applications such as OpenOffice.org Writer, LibreOffice Writer, AbiWord, KWord, and LyX.
 Web-based word processors, such as Office Web Apps or Google Docs, are another relatively
new category of application software.

APPLICATIONS OF WORD PROCESSOR IN TERMS OF THE FOLLOWING FEATURES:

Word processing typically implies the presence of text manipulation functions that extend beyond a basic
ability to enter and change text. For the purpose of this module when discussing and explaining word
processing features the software Microsoft Office Word (Word) will be used as the example.

BASIC COMMANDS
Basic commands include the operations necessary to view, save, print, and close a document.

 Open: Displays lists of folders and files (documents). Use this command to locate a desired
document and open (display) it on the screen.
 Save/Save As: Saves a document on a disk while leaving a copy of it on the screen. Use Save As the
first time a document is saved (give it a filename) and to rename a document. Use Save to save a
revised document without renaming it.

 Print Preview: Shows a document as it will look when printed, including multiple pages in one view.

 Print: Prints documents. Select print options and settings (Print dialog box) before printing.
 Close: Removes a document from the display screen. If the document has not been saved, you will be
prompted to save it before closing.
EDITING FEATURES
Editing features allow the user to locate, revise, correct, and rearrange text in a document.

 Copy: Copies selected text so it can be placed in another location, leaving the original text
unchanged.
 Cut:Removes selected text from the current location.
 Paste: Places selected text that has been copied or cut at another location.
 Find: Locates a specified keystroke, word, or phrase in a document.
 Available Find options include:
 Find only occurrences that match the specified case.
 Find only whole words containing the specified text.
 Find all forms of a specified word.
 Find specified text using the asterisk (*) and question mark (?) as wildcard (unspecified)
characters.
 Replace: Finds a specified keystroke, word, or phrase, and then replaces it with another keystroke,
word, or phrase. All occurrences of the specified text can be replaced at one time, or replacements can
be made individually (selectively).
 Select: Highlights text on which various operations may be performed. Use the mouse and/or key
combinations to select text. Once selected, the text can be bolded, underlined, italicized, deleted,
copied, and moved, printed, saved, etc.
 Spell-Check: Checks words, documents, or parts of documents for misspellings.
 Undo: Reverses the last change made in the text. This feature restores moved text to its original
location.
 Redo: Reverses the last Undo action.
 Typeover: Replaces existing text with newly keyed text (also called Overstrike or Overtype).

ENHANCEMENT FEATURES
Enhancement features improve the appearance of a document and/or emphasize important words, phrases,
or sentences.
 Bold:Prints text darker than other copy as it is keyed. Bold may be added after text has been keyed by
first selecting the text.
 Borders: Adds a border to any or all sides of a page, paragraph, or column, as well as to a table or a
cell within a table. Page border options may include small pictures. Borders not only enhance
appearance, but also make text easier to read by emphasizing certain passages. Borders are most
effective when used sparingly.
 Bullets:Highlights each item in a list with a heavy dot or other character, as demonstrated in this list
of features. Bullets add visual interest and emphasis.
 Change Case: Changes capitalization. The lowercase option changes all selected text to lowercase;
the UPPERCASE option changes selected text to all capitals. The Sentence case option capitalizes the
first letter of the first word, and the Title Case option capitalizes the first letter of each selected word.
 Drop Cap: Formats paragraphs to begin with a large dropped capital letter. Drop caps are objects
(pictures) that can be formatted and sized.
 Font:Consists of the typeface, style, size, and any effects used. Font features may be changed before
or after text is keyed. The number and size of fonts available depends on the software and printer
used.
 Typeface: Refers to the design of the characters. Examples include Times New Roman,
Courier New, and Arial.
 Styles: Include bold and italic.
 Size: Measured in points such as 10 point or 12 point. One point is about 1⁄72 of an inch.
 Effect: Added to give text a special look. Examples of effects are shadow, emboss, and small
caps. Effects should be used infrequently.
 Italic: Prints letters that slope up toward the right. Italic may be added after text has been keyed by
first selecting the text.
 Numbering:Shows the proper order of a series of steps or items. Use numbers instead of bullets
whenever the order of items is important.
 Shading: Addcolour or patterns to paragraphs or table cells to emphasize them and focus the reader’s
attention on the contents.
 Superscript: Places text slightly higher than other text on a line. Superscript is commonly used for
footnotes and endnotes, and for mathematical formulas and equations.
 Underline: Underlines text as it is keyed. An underline may be added after text has been keyed by
first selecting the text.
 Watermark: Prints any desired text or graphics behind the main text on document pages.

FORMATTING FEATURES
Formatting features change the arrangement, or layout, of pages. These features include aligning text
vertically and horizontally, indenting and hyphenating text, and changing margins and line spacing.
 Alignment: Refers to the horizontal position of a line of text (also called justification).
 Use left alignment to start text at the left margin (even left margin).
 Use right alignment to align text at the right margin (even right margin).
 Use center alignment to center text between the left and right margins.
 Uses justify alignment for even left and right margins.

 Center Page:Centers text between top and bottom margins of a page. This feature leaves an equal (or
nearly equal) amount of white space above and below text. Inserting two hard returns below the last
keyed line gives centered documents a better appearance.
 Hyphenation: Automatically divides (hyphenates) words that would normally wrap to the next line.
When used with left-aligned text, hyphenation makes the right margin less ragged, making text more
attractive.
 Indent:Moves text away from the left or right margin.
 Left indent (paragraph indent) moves the text one tab stop to the right (usually 0.5"), away from
the left margin.
 Hanging indent moves all but the first line of a paragraph 0.5" (one tab stop) to the right. Hanging
indent is commonly used on bibliographies and reference pages.
 Line Spacing:Changes the amount of blank space between lines of text.
 Margins: Changes the amount of blank space at the top, bottom, right, and/or left edges of a page.
Default margin settings are not the same for all software.
 Page Break: Inserts a soft page break automatically when the current page is full. A hard page break
can be inserted manually to start a new page before the current page is full.
 Tab:Aligns text according to the type of tab set. By default, most word processing software programs
have left tabs already set at half-inch (0.5") intervals from the left margin. These preset tabs can be
cleared and reset.
 Left tabs, commonly used to align words, align text evenly at the left by placing the keyed text to
the right of the tab setting.
 Right tabs, commonly used to align whole numbers, align text evenly at the right by placing the
keyed text to the left of the tab setting.
 Decimal tabs align numbers at the decimal point, regardless of the number of places before or
after the decimal point.
 Dot Leader tabs automatically place dot leaders (. . . .) between columns of designated text. The
leaders lead the reader’s eyes from text in the left column to text in the right column.
 Text Wrapping: Positions text in relation to an inserted object (graphic). Text may appear above and
below, around, behind, or in front of an object.
 Widow/Orphan:Ensures that the first line of a paragraph does not appear by itself at the bottom of a
page (orphan line) or that the last line of a paragraph does not appear by itself at the top of a page
(widow line).
INSERT FEATURES
Various commands on the Insert menu are used to add page numbers, dates, headers, footers, and
footnotes and to insert symbols, clip art, files, pictures, shapes, text boxes, and word art.

 Shapes: Adds a variety of shapes (rectangles, stars, banners, arrows, flow chart symbols, etc.) to a
document.
 Clip Art:Drawings, pictures, sounds, and video clips can be inserted into documents. A collection of
clip art files is provided with word processing software; additional clip art can be purchased or
downloaded from the Internet.
 Date: Automatically inserts the date into a document. Some software contains an Update option that
automatically replaces the previous date with the current date each time the document is opened or
printed.
 Footnote and Endnote: Identifies sources quoted or paraphrased in the text or gives extra
information about the main text. Word processing software automatically positions and prints each
footnote at the bottom of the same page as the reference to it. It prints endnotes on a separate page at
the end of a report. When footnotes or endnotes are edited, added, or deleted, the software feature
automatically makes the necessary changes in numbering, formatting, and page breaks.
 Header and Footer: Adds text (such as a chapter title, date, filename, or name of a person or
company) or graphic (a company logo, for example) in the top margin (header) or bottom margin
(footer) of a page. Headers or footers often include page numbers.
 Page Numbers:Places page numbers in a specified location on printed pages.
 Most software contains a variety of numbering styles from which to choose:
 Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3),
 lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii),
 uppercase Roman numerals (I, II, III),
 uppercase letters (A, B, C), and
 Lowercase letters (a, b, c).
 Numbers can be placed at the top or bottom of the page, and aligned at the left margin, center, or
right margin.
 The Hide or Suppress option keeps the page number from appearing on a specified page.
 Text Boxes: Frequently used for labels or callouts in a document. Once a text box is inserted in a
document, it can be formatted, resized, and moved.
 Word Art: Changes text into a graphic object. Most word processing software programs have a word
art gallery that contains predefined styles such as curved or stretched text.
MAIL MERGE AND LABEL PRINTING

Mail merge is the batch mailing of letters - using a letter template and a data file or address database.
Instead of a business or college creating multiple copies of the same letter to send out in the post, one
letter and one data file is created. The letter and data file are merged together - which means the names
and address are automatically added to each of the letters and envelopes from the database or data file.
Mail merge can automatically create a batch of labels for the data file and print the labels to labels
stickers or directly to envelopes depending on the capacity of a printer.
 Curriculum
Vitae.
Mr. RishabhDwivedi
H.no.697 Friends
Society Vasundhara
Sector12
Ghaziabad (201012)
Email-rishabh.dwivedi1@gmail.com
Mob.No:- 9540512152.

ProfessionalObjectives:
To obtained a responsible position in organisation where I can fullfill my educational and
contribute maximize efforts to make organisationsuccessful.

EducationalQualification

Course Name of Institute University/Board Year of Division

Passing
B.A.(Polytical P.D.C (Bidhuna) CSJM University 2014 Second
Science)
Higher S.S I.C (Ramgarh) U.P Board 2011 Second
Secondary
High School D.S.S.N (Bidhuna) U.P Board 2009 Second

Strengths-

• Innovative and Career oriented.

• Simplicity andcommitment
• Punctual and open to new ventures, Capable of self-learning andself-improvising.
• Stress tolerance &flexibility

Skills -
• Listening

• Effective communication and coordination

Computerknowledge-
• Basic Knowledge of Computer (CCC). Windows 98, Windows 2003, Windows
Server 2007, Windows10.
PersonalProfile

Name ` : RishabhDwivedi
DateofBirth : 07-07-1995
Gender : Male
Languagesknown : English, Hindi
MaritalStatus : Single
Nationality : Indian.

Declaration

I hereby declare that the information furnished above is true to the best of my knowledge.

Place: Rishabh Dwivedi

 IT SKILLS LAB
Assignment: 6

INSERT TAB OF WORD PROCESSOR

Within insert ribbon there are several command tabs:

 Pages
 Tables
 Illustrations
 Links
 Header & Footer
 Text
 Symbols

PAGES

 Cover Page - Drop-Down. The drop-down contains the commands: Built-in, Remove Current Cover
Page and Save Selection to Cover Page Gallery. The list of built-in cover pages is Alphabet, Annual,
Austere, Conservative, Contrast, Cubicles, Exposure, Mod, Motion, Pinstripes, Puzzle, Sideline,
Stacks, Tiles and Transcend.

 Blank Page - Inserts a blank page by inserting two page breaks, one above the current insertion point
and one below it.
 Page Break - (Ctrl + Enter). Insert a page break instead of displaying the Breaks dialog box. You can
access all the other types of breaks using the Breaks drop-down on the Page Layout tab, Page Setup
group.

TABLES

 When a table is selected you will see additional contextual tabs Tables > Table Tools
Design.

 Table- Drop-Down menu lets you quickly drag out the table size. The maximum size you
can drag is (10 by 8). The drop-down contains the commands:

o Insert Table: The Insert Table displays the "Insert Table" dialog box.
o Draw Table: The Draw Table lets you create a table by inserting horizontal and
vertical lines using the mouse.
o Convert Text to Table: The Convert Text to Table displays the "Convert Text to
Table" dialog box.
o Excel Spreadsheet: The Excel Spreadsheet command inserts an Excel worksheet
into the document.
o Quick Tables: The Quick Tables lets you insert tables that have been stored as
building blocks.

ILLUSTRATIONS
  Pictures - Displays the "Insert Picture" dialog box.

 Clip Art - Toggle the display of the Clip Art task pane to let you insert drawings, movies,
sounds, photos, etc.

 Shapes - Drop-Down. The drop-down contains the commands: Recently Used Shapes, Lines,
Rectangles, Basic Shapes, Block Arrows, Flowchart, Callouts and Stars and Banners. This list is
slightly different in Excel.

 SmartArt - Displays the "Choose a SmartArt Graphic" dialog box which lets you choose from
the following different types of smartart: list, process, cycle, hierarchy, relationship, matrix and
pyramid.

 Chart - Displays the "Insert Chart" dialog box. There is no more MS Graph and datasheet. Chart
data is now opened up in an Excel spreadsheet.

LINKS

 Hyperlink - (Ctrl + K). Create a link in your document for quick access to webpages and
other files. Displays the "Insert Hyperlink" dialog box.

Bookmark - This displays the "Bookmark" dialog box.

Cross-Reference - Displays the "Cross Reference" dialog box. This lets you cross
reference other parts of your document. Typically used for figure numbers and section
headings.

HEADER & FOOTER

  Header - Drop-Down. This displays a gallery of the built-in headers. The drop-down also
contains the commands Edit Header.

 Remove Header and Save Selection to Header Gallery. Also appears on the Header and
Footer Tools - Design contextual tab.

 Footer - Drop-Down. This displays the gallery of built-in footers. The drop-down also
contains the commands Edit Footer, Remove Footer and Save Selection to Footer
Gallery. Also appears on the Header and Footer Tools - Design contextual tab.

 Page Number - Drop-Down. The drop-down contains the commands: Top of Page,
Bottom of Page, Page Margins, Current Position, Format Page Numbers and Remove
Page Numbers. The first four commands all display galleries of built-in page number
options and allow you save your own to the gallery. The Format Page Numbers command
displays the familiar "Page Number Format" dialog box. Also appears on the Header and
Footer Tools - Design contextual tab. Why/When is this disabled?

TEXT

 Text Box - Drop-Down. Lets you insert a textbox that can be positioned anywhere on the
page. The drop-down contains the commands: Built-in, Draw Text Box and Save
Selection to Text Box Gallery. There are 36 different types of built-in textbox shapes and
positions.

 Quick Parts - Drop-Down. The drop-down contains the commands: AuotText (Added in
2010), Document Property, Field, Building Blocks Organizer, GetMore on Office Online
 (Removed in 2010) and Save Selection to Quick Part Gallery.

 WordArt - Drop-Down. The drop-down gives you a choice of Word Art styles to insert.
The "Edit WordArt Text" dialog box is displayed when you click on a wordart style. The
styles are slightly different to those in Excel.

 Drop Cap - Drop-Down. The drop-down contains the commands: None, Dropped, In
Margin and Drop Cap Options. The Drop Cap Options command displays the "Drop
Cap" dialog box.

 Signature Line - Button with Drop-Down. Lets you use and insert digital signatures into
your documents. The button inserts a digital signature line that specifies the individual
who must sign. The drop-down contains the commands: Microsoft Office Signature Line
and Add Signature Service.

 Date & Time - Displays the "Date and Time" dialog box.

 Object - Button with Drop-Down. The button displays the "Object" dialog box allowing
you to insert embedded objects. The drop-down contains commands: Object and Text
from File.

SYMBOLS

 Equation - Button with Drop-Down. The button inserts an equation at the current
location and then displays the Equation Tools - Design Tab. The drop-down contains the
following built-in equations: Area of Circle, Binomial Theorem, and Expansion of a
Sum, Fourier series, Pythagorean Theorem, and Quadratic Formula. At the bottom are the
commands: Insert New Equation and Save Selection to Equation Gallery.

 Symbol - Drop-Down. Lets you insert symbols into your documents. The drop-down
contains the commands: Euro, Pound, Yen, Copyright, Registered, Trademark, Plus-
Minus, Not Equal To, Less-Than or Equal To, Greater-Than or Equal To, Division,
Multiplication, Infinity, Micro, Alpha, Beta, Pi, Ohm, Summation, Smiley Face and More
Symbols. The More Symbols command display the "Symbol" dialog box. Different to
Excel it displays the common symbols for quick insertion.

IMPORTANT
None of these can be inserted from the Insert tab:
  Comments,
 Line Numbers,
 Watermarks,
 Page Breaks.

IT SKILLS
Lab-assignment-8

AN INTRODUCTION TO MS EXCEL

What is MS Excel?
Microsoft Office Excel is one of the most important tools to perform the calculation, analysis, and
visualization of data and information. MS Excel is a spreadsheet program where one can record data in
the form of tables.

 It helps people to organize and process data by the use of columns and rows with formulas and
some cool features of MS Excel.
 In MS-Excel 2010, row numbers range from 1 to 1048576. 
 There are a total of 1048576 rows, and columns range from A to XFD and there are a total
of 16384 columns.
 It is easy to analyze data in an Excel spreadsheet. 

How to open MS Excel?

To open MS Excel on your computer, follow the steps given below:

 Click on Start
 Then All Programs
 Next step is to click on MS Office
 And then finally, choose the MS-Excel option
Alternatively, you can also click on the Start button and type MS Excel in the search option available.

Three most important components of Excel are:

1. Cell: A cell is a smallest but most powerful part of a spreadsheet. You can enter your data into a cell
either by typing or by copy-paste. Data can be a text, a number, or a date. You can also customize it by
changing its size, font color, background color, borders, etc. Every cell is identified by its cell address,
cell address contains its column number and row number (If a cell is on 11th row and on column AB,
then its address will be AB11).
2. Worksheet: A worksheet is made up of individual cells which can contain a value, a formula, or text. It
also has an invisible draw layer, which holds charts, images, and diagrams. Each worksheet in a
workbook is accessible by clicking the tab at the bottom of the workbook window. In addition, a
workbook can store chart sheets; a chart sheet displays a single chart and is accessible by clicking a tab.

3. Workbook: A workbook is a separate file just like every other application has. Each workbook
contains one or more worksheets. You can also say that a workbook is a collection of multiple
worksheets or can be a single worksheet. You can add or delete worksheets, hide them within the
workbook without deleting them, and change the order of your worksheets within the workbook.
MICROSOFT EXCEL WINDOW COMPONENTS

ACTIVE CELL
The thick border outline around the cell indicates that it is the Active cell inside Excel Worksheet. The
Active cell inside Excel Worksheet is used to identify the cell which is currently active. The Active cell is
where the focus is on and where the data will be entered.

COLUMNS
A column is a vertical set of cells. A single worksheet contains 16384 total columns. Every column has its
own alphabet for identity, from A to XFD. You can select a column clicking on its header.

ROWS
A row is a horizontal set of cells. A single worksheet contains 1048576 total rows. Every row has its own
number for identity, starting from 1 to 1048576. You can select a row clicking on the row number marked
on the left side of the window.

FILL HANDLE
It’s a small dot present on the lower right corner of the active cell. It helps you to fill numeric values, text
series, insert ranges, insert serial numbers, etc.

ADDRESS BAR
It shows the address of the active cell. If you have selected more than one cell, then it will show the
address of the first cell in the range.
What is Cell Address?

The cell address is the name by which is cell can be addressed. For Example, if row 5 is interested in
column C, then the cell address is C5. 

FORMULA BAR
The formula bar is an input bar, below the ribbon. It shows the content of the active cell and you can also
use it to enter a formula in a cell.

TITLE BAR
The title bar will show the name of your workbook, followed by the application name (“Microsoft
Excel”).

FILE MENU
The file menu is a simple menu like all other applications. It contains options like (Save, Save As, Open,
New, Print, Excel Options, Share, etc).

QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR

Quick Access Tool Bar (QAT) is located above Excel Ribbon. It is used to hold commonly used
commands. Quick Access Tool Bar is always visible, regardless of which tab is selected. By default,
the Quick Access Tool Bar (QAT) contains the Save, Undo and Redo button. The Quick Access Tool Bar
(QAT) is customizable so that we can add commonly used commands there.

RIBBON TAB

Ribbon tabs are the bunch of specific option group which further contains the option. Excel Ribbon is the
technical term for the row of Tabs above Formula bar. Excel Ribbon is a strip of buttons and icons
in Excel Workbook window where Excel commands are located. The buttons and icons of Excel
Ribbon are grouped in to different tabs based on the category of their functionalities.
 File
File Button can be used to open a menu (called as Excel Backstage View) which contains many
options to work with the Excel file. Important options are "New", "Open", "Save", "Save As" and
"Print".

 Home
It comprises options like font size, font styles, font colour, background colour, alignment, formatting
options and styles, insertion and deletion of cells and editing options.

 Insert
It comprises of options like table format and style, inserting images and figures, adding graphs, charts
and sparklines, header and footer option, equation and symbols.

1. Tables – This group provides a superior way to organize the data. You can use Table to sort,
filter, and format the data within the sheet.
 2. Illustrations – This group provides a way to insert pictures, shapes, or artwork into excel. You
can insert the pictures either directly from the computer, or you can also use Online Picture
Option to search for relevant pictures.

3. Apps – You can use this group to insert an existing App into excel. You can also purchase an App
from the Store section.

4. Charts – This is one of the most useful features in Excel. It helps you visualize the data in a
graphical format. Recommended charts allow Excel to come up with the best possible graphical
combination. Excel provides various options like Pie-chart, Line Chart, Column Chart in
Excel, Bubble Chart k in Excel, combo chart in excel, Radar Chart in Excel, and Pivot Charts in
Excel.

5. Sparklines – Sparklines are mini charts that are made on the number of data and can be displayed
with these cells. There are different options available for sparklines like Line Sparklines, Column
Sparklines, and Win/Loss Sparklines.

6. Filters – There are two types of filters available – Slicer allows you to filter the data visually and
can be used to filter tables, pivot tables data, etc. The Timeline filter allows you to filter the dates
interactively.

7. Hyperlink – This is a great tool to provide hyperlinks from the excel sheet to an external URL or
files. Hyperlinks can also be used to create a navigation structure with the excel sheet that is easy
to use.

8. Text – This group is used to text in the desired format. For example, if you want to have the
header and footer, you can use this group. In addition, WordArt allows you to use different
styling for text. You can also create your signature using the Signature line feature.

9. Symbols – This primarily consists of two parts – a) Equation – this allows you to write
mathematical equations that we cannot ordinarily write in an Excel sheet. b) Symbols are special
character or symbols that we may want to insert in the excel sheet for better representation.

 Page Layout
It comprises options like page Themes, orientation and page setup options.
 Formulas
Since tables with a large amount of data can be created in MS excel, under this feature, you can add
formulas to your table and get quicker solutions.
 Data
Adding external data (from the web), filtering options and data tools are available under this category.
 Review
Proofreading can be done for an excel sheet (like spell check) in the review category and a reader can
add comments in this part.
 View
Different views in which we want the spreadsheet to be displayed can be edited here. Options to
zoom in and out and pane arrangement are available under this category.

WORKSHEET TAB
This tab shows all the worksheets which are present in the workbook. By default you will see, three
worksheets in your new workbook with the name of Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3 respectively.
STATUS BAR

It is a thin bar at the bottom of the Excel window. It will give you an instant help once you start working
in Excel.

BENEFITS OF USING MS EXCEL

MS Excel is widely used for various purposes because the data is easy to save, and information can be
added and removed without any discomfort and less hard work.

Given below are a few important benefits of using MS Excel:

 Easy To Store Data: Since there is no limit to the amount of information that can be saved in a
spreadsheet, MS Excel is widely used to save data or to analyse data. Filtering information in
Excel is easy and convenient.
 Easy To Recover Data: If the information is written on a piece of paper, finding it may take
longer, however, this is not the case with excel spreadsheets. Finding and recovering data is easy.
 Application of Mathematical Formulas: Doing calculations has become easier and less time-
taking with the formulas option in MS excel
 More Secure: These spreadsheets can be password secured in a laptop or personal computer and
the probability of losing them is way lesser in comparison to data written in registers or piece of
paper.
 Data at One Place: Earlier, data was to be kept in different files and registers when the
paperwork was done. Now, this has become convenient as more than one worksheet can be added
in a single MS Excel file.
  Neater and Clearer Visibility of Information: When the data is saved in the form of a table,
analyzing it becomes easier. Thus, information is a spreadsheet that is more readable and
understandable.

IT SKILLS LAB
Assignment- 9

MS POWERPOINT

MS PowerPoint: PowerPoint (PPT) is a powerful, easy-to-use presentation graphics software program

that allows you to create professional-looking electronic slide shows. 

The image given below shows the main page of MS PowerPoint, where a person lands when the program
is opened on a computer system:

Steps to open MS PowerPoint on a personal computer:

1. Click on the start button

2. Then choose “All Programs”
3. Next step is to select “MS Office”
4. Under MS Office, click on the “MS PowerPoint” 

A blank presentation is open on the screen. According to the requirement, a person can modify the
template for a presentation and start using the program.
PowerPoint presentation: A combination of various slides depicting a graphical and visual
interpretation of data, to present information in a more creative and interactive manner is called a
PowerPoint presentation or PPT.

Slideshow: When all the slides of a PowerPoint presentation are set in series and then presented to a
group of people, where each slide appears one after the other, is a set pattern, this is known as a
PowerPoint slide show. 

Elements that can be added to a Powerpoint slide:

1. Clip Art
2. Graphs
3. Tables
4. Photographs
5. Charts
6. Media Clips
7. Videos

All these elements are mainly used to enhance presentation skills and make the slide more interactive.

Features of MS PowerPoint

There are multiple features that are available in MS PowerPoint which can customise and optimise a
presentation. The same have been discussed below.

 Slide Layout
Multiple options and layouts are available based on which a presentation can be created. This option is
available under the “Home” section and one can select from the multiple layout options provided.

 Insert – Clipart, Video, Audio, etc.

Under the “Insert” category, multiple options are available where one can choose what feature they want
to insert in their presentation. This may include images, audio, video, header, footer, symbols, shapes,
etc. 
  Slide Design
MS PowerPoint has various themes using which background colour and designs or textures can be added
to a slide. This makes the presentation more colourful and attracts the attention of the people looking at it.

This feature can be added using the “Design” category mentioned on the homepage of MS PowerPoint.
Although there are existing design templates available, in case someone wants to add some new texture or
colour, the option to customise the design is also available. Apart from this, slide designs can also be
downloaded online.

 Animations
During the slide show, the slides appear on the screen one after the other. In case, one wants to add some
animations to the way in which a slide presents itself, they can refer to the “Animations” category. 

The different animation styles available on PowerPoint are:

Apart from all these options; font size, font style, font colour, word art, date and time, etc. can also be
added to a PPT.