Lecture – 08

Image formation on the retina:

 When we look at an object, light rays reflected from the object pass through the eyes.
 The light rays are refracted as they pass through the cornea and the lens.
 The image of the object falls on the retina.
 The image is upside down and smaller in size.
 The brain receives these impulses through optic nerves from the photoreceptors
(cones and rods).
 The brain interprets the picture the right way up and in the right size.
Accommodation: The ability of the eye to focus accurately
on objects at different distances is called accommodation.

The lens changes its shape to focus on distant or near objects.

(a) Focusing on nearby objects:
 The ciliary muscles contract,
 Suspensory ligaments slack,
 The lens becomes thicker and more convex (rounded),
 So that lens can refract more light

(b) Focusing on distant objects:

 The ciliary muscles relax,
 Suspensory ligaments pulled tight,
 The lens becomes thinner and less convex (less rounded),
 The lens does not need to refract light rays much more to
focus on the retina.