Report

On
“SEARCH ENGINE”
Submitted in the partial Fulfilment of the

Requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

To

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Dr. Rajiv Kumar Piyush khatri

Assistant Professor BSC (IT) 6th semester

ROLL no . 27
 Foreword

I created this report file under the search engines; I have tried my best to clarify all
the relevant details in the report that should be included in the report. While initially
I tried to give a general opinion on this topic.

My efforts and wholehearted cooperation with each other ended on a successful

note. I extend my gratitude to those who helped me during the preparation.
This Report. I thank him for giving me the strength, confidence and most importantly
the title track whenever I need it.
 Acknowledgment

I would like to thank the esteemed Dr. Rajeev kumar for giving me so much good an
opportunity to expand my knowledge in my branch and provide me with guidelines
for presenting a meeting report. It really helped when I realized what we were
learning.
Secondly, I would like to thank my parents for helping me patiently as I continued
with my work and for helping to fix and eliminate some of the less important or
unnecessary things.
Thirdly, I would like to thank my friends who helped me get my work organized and
well-coordinated to the end.
Next, I would like to thank Microsoft for creating a great tool like MS Word. It has
helped my job so much to stay flawless.
Finally, I would like to thank the Almighty for giving me the strength to finish my
report on time.
 Introduction
Search is one of the most widely used online activities. Search engines as a search
tool, are very popular and frequently used by sites. This is the reason why
webmasters and all regular Internet users, should have good knowledge about
search engines and search engines.
Website managers use major search engines to drive their sites to it, as well as
search. Ordinary users use large search engines, especially search engines, and
sometimes crawl their home pages or smaller sites.
Why are search engines so popular? If you are a regular user and want to find texts
or images about a particular theme, the first thing you will do is visit the search
engine to find good URLs about a particular theme. This will always happen if you
need specific information or data about any theme.
If you are a webmaster, you will need some information while setting up a website,
and you will also use search engines. Then, when you're done with it, you should
submit your URL to multiple search engines. You will then check the quality of your
URL in all search engines ...
There is also hot news on all major search engines, some interesting content ... All of
this briefly explains why search engines are so popular.
As a novice level user you should learn to use search engines to search the internet.
You should know that there are two ways to search: using the user query or through
the categories. If you have keywords or phrases that better describe the theme you
need, you should use a user query. But if you need a specific theme, and you do not
have keywords or phrases, you should use categories.
When using a user query, you must type a keyword or phrase in this form and click
"Search". Then you will get search results, and you can select a URL, which is best for
you. When using categories, you should click on the section that best describes the
theme you need. You will find categories and you should select a category that best
describes the theme you want. Repeat this action until you find a group of URLs, any
content related to the theme you want.
As a webmaster you should submit your URL to all major search engines. This is how
you market your site. You can get more visits from major search engines, if you have
a good level of your URL. We've created a page with URLs that take you to submit
forms to major search engines. You will not waste your valuable time searching for
these forms, which are all on one page.
 Search Engine History
Internet technology has made changes; there is just no second question about this
fact. Various online tools and resources have delighted the world to a great extent.
Today people cannot think of life without the use of internet technology. Find a
industry where online tools and resources do not get you an application and earn a
million dollars for this job!
In fact, there is no such field or field without these applications.
And when it comes to the internet, it’s not just about the websites it has. There are
various tools that help you to browse, find and capture your favorite information on
a variety of platforms. And in this case, the use of search engines cannot be
concealed in any dispute.
Search engines first appeared in the mid-1990s when Google gained prominence as
the world's first standard and simple search engine. Although there were search
engines that worked before Google but none of them were easy to use and easy to
use like this. And if we look at Google, it was actually an educational project for a few
university students. Later, the idea was expanded and new technological features
were incorporated to improve it.
And today the search engine stands out as one of the most widely used websites in
the world. The owner of these search engines makes billions of dollars every year.
Following this search engine, many other search engines have been developed by
different software developers but none of them have been able to replace Google in
any way. But all these search engines are very helpful to people and it is hoped that
more improvements will be made to these search engines soon.
 Different Types of Search Engines
When people refer to the word "search engine", it is commonly used to describe
both search-based search engines and menus-enabled indexes. In fact, these two
types of search engines compile their list in very different ways and are therefore
naturally different.
Crawler-based search engines, such as Google, AllTheWeb and AltaVista,
automatically compile their list by using a piece of software to "crawl" or "crawl" into
the web and index their findings to build a search base. Web page changes can be
detected by crawler-based search engines and will affect how these web pages are
included in the search results list.
Crawler-based search engines are great if you have a specific search topic in mind
and can be very effective in finding relevant information in this situation. However, if
a search term is common, crawler-based search engines can return hundreds of
thousands of irrelevant answers to simple search requests, including long documents
where your keyword appears only once.
Powerful catalogs, such as Yahoo menus, Open Directory and LookSmart, rely on
human editors to compile their lists. Typically, webmasters submit a brief description
of their website directory, or the editors write one for the sites they review, and
these manuscripts will form the basis of the search. Therefore, changes made to
individual web pages will not affect how these pages are included in the search
results list.
A man-sponsored listing is great if you are interested in a general search topic. In this
case, the index can guide you and help you narrow down your search and get better
results.
Therefore, search results found in a man-sponsored index list are usually more
relevant to the search title and more accurate. However, this is not an effective way
to get information when considering a particular search topic.
 The different types of major search engines.

Types of engines

 Google
Crawler based search engine

 AllTheWeb
Crawler based search engine

 Theoma
Crawler based search engine

 Inktomi
Crawler based search engine

 AltaVista
Crawler based search engine

 SeeSmart
A Powerful Index of Manuscripts

 Open the directory

A Powerful Index of Manuscripts

 Yahoo
Human-Powered Directory, and to provide

Google-sponsored crawler search results

 MSN Search
Human-Powered Directory powered by LookSmart, also provides search-based
search results powered by Inktomi

 AOL Search
Provide Google-based search results based on Google

 AskJeeves
Provide Teoma-sponsored search results based on search results

 HotBot
Provide crawler-based search results supported by AllTheWeb, Google, Inktomi and
Teoma, "4-in-1" search engine

 Lycos
Provide search-based search results sponsored by AllTheWeb

 Netscape Search
Provide Google-based search results based on Google
Different types of major search
engines
In the table above we can see that some search engines like Yahoo and MSN Search
provide search-based results and powerful listings, so they become mixed search
engines. A hybrid search engine will still prefer one type of listing to another as its
type of main results.

There is another type of search engine called meta-search engines.

Meta search engines, such as Dogpile, Mamma, and Metacrawler, relay keywords
provided by users simultaneously to several search engines to perform a search.
Search results from all search engines can be merged, duplicates can be removed
and additional features such as linking within the search results can be used by meta-
search engines.
Meta search engines are ready to save time by searching in one place only and avoid
the need to use and learn a few different search engines. "But since meta search
engines do not allow for the inclusion of many search engines, their best use is to
find hits on obscure objects or to see if something can be found online."

How Search Engines Work

For those of us who are in SEO (or aspiring to be), there are a lot of little details that
fill our days. Server architecture, 301 redirect, 404 errors, title tags, and various
other things.
Sometimes, we forget to sit down and find out what it all means. Add to that the fact
that most SEOs have never been trained, but just pick things up “on the job,” and it’s
no surprise that most SEOs don’t really know how search engines work.

When did you last sit down and think about how search engines (like Google) really
work? For me, it was a month ago, when I was writing a post about the latest Google
Webmaster Hangout and information about the link breakup that came out of it.

But before that, I think it was really 8 or 10 years since I really thought about it.
Solet's fix that. Here is a basic description of how a single search engine (Google)
works. Although terms and conditions of operation may change slightly, Bing and
Yahoo use the same principle.

Crawling Vs. Making a reference

What does it mean when we say that Google has “identified” a site? For SEO, we use
that in conjunction, meaning we see a search site [on the site: www.site.com] on
Google. This shows pages on the Google website added to the website - but
technically, they are not really cracked, which is why you see this from time to time:
Making a reference is a completely different thing. If you want to make it easier,
think of it this way: URLs must be obtained before they can be crawled, and they
must be crawled before they can be "identified" or more accurate, with some words
in them associated with them. words in the Google index.
The (distorted) index does not contain documents but a list of words or phrases,
each of which, a reference to all documents related to that word or phrase.
We collectively say "document shown" but that really means that "some of the
words associated with the document now point to the document." Documents, in
their raw format, are archived elsewhere.
A longtime friend of mine and former Google employee, Vanessa Fox, says the
following:
Google learns URLs… and adds those URLs to its explicit editing program. It removes
the list and rearranges the list of URLs in the most important order and clarifies that
program.
The key is based on all sorts of things ... Once the page is clear, Google will move on
to another algorithmic process to determine if they keep the page in their index.
This means that Google does not index every page they know and does not identify
every page they crawl.

Below is a simplified version of the pipeline assigned

to Google:
\

Here are a few other things to keep in mind:

• Robots.txt will only prevent the page from crawling. That's why Google sometimes
has pages on its search results like the one above. Because, although Google was
able to associate the page with words based on things like internal links, it was
unable to clear the page's content.
• Noindex instructions at the page level mean nothing. Although Google may specify
a page and associate page terms with indexes, it should not include that page in
search results.
However, I have seen instances where Google has included a noindexed page in their
publicly available records, and Google has stated that it may ignore the command if
other indicators are strong enough that the page should be identified.

The Importance of Search Engines

I once read that the average person living in today’s industrial society receives as
much different information in one day as a person who lived a hundred years ago
could see in a year. That includes advertisements, newspaper articles, websites,
messages, traffic signs, t-shirt slogans, and so on. Not surprisingly, the attention span
is shorter and more people believe they are more busy than ever.
With so much information, it is almost impossible to remember everything we need,
names, dates, statistics, phone numbers, email addresses and all the business and
customer information we need to do business successfully. That is why we use tools
to create memory and retrieval information. My company uses Salesforce.com to
manage a wealth of information to manage our customer relationships. I use
Microsoft Outlook to manage my email. If I want to find a product, service or piece of
information online, I use Search Engine.
I am not alone in using search engines. It's far from it. In March 2006 alone, they
were present
billions of searches. Assuming each user looks at an average of two pages of search
results, each showing 10 search results, giving an average of 128 billion search results
displayed to online users in one month. Search engines are so widespread, and so
accepted in modern culture that the word "Google" now appears in the dictionary as
an action (such as "in Google something").
Search engines serve as a filter for a wealth of information available online. It allows
users to quickly and easily find real or valuable personal information for them,
without having to go through many unnecessary web pages. There is still much to do
- in the last three years in 2004 the number of pages in the Google index exceeded
the world's population, reaching an astonishing 8 billion. With so much content out
there, the Internet will not work without search engines, where internet users are
drowning in a sea of junk information and cutting-edge marketing messages.

The goal of Search Engines is to provide users with search results that lead to
relevant information on high quality websites. The word used here means
"appropriate". In order to find and maintain market share in online search, Search
Engines need to make sure that they deliver results that are relevant to what their
users are searching for. They do this by storing web pages, which they create using
automated programs known as "spiders" or "robots" to collect information. Search
engines use sophisticated algorithms to crawl websites and web pages and provide
them with the right search terms. These algorithms are jealously monitored and
updated regularly. Google takes a look at over 200 different metrics when checking
websites, including copy, links linked, website usability and information structures.
What this means is that Search Engines give users the information they want, and
not the information that advertisers would like them to see. Type the name of the
main product on Google, and you will be given many search results that include not
only the official website of the product you searched for, but also other websites,
consumer review sites, blogs, online articles. on Web 2.0 sites and media releases on
news marketing channels. Of course, not all searches are for brand names
There are two main ways to ensure that a website appears prominent in the major
search engines of relevant keywords: Paid Search (also known as Pay-Per-Click) and
Search Engine Optimization. Both, Organic Search Engine Optimization tends to
produce better long-term results and higher return on investment, with the simple
reason that online users are four times more likely to click an Organic search result as
they are Pay-Per-. Click the ad on the same results page.
In a September 2006 survey conducted by MarketingSherpa, 68.7% of US advertisers
identified Search Engine Optimization as the best investment return on product
marketing. I will discuss paid and Organic search in more depth on a different topic.
Suffice it to say that companies doing business or marketing online should look to
strike a healthy balance of both strategies in order to make the best possible
marketing experience with the major Search Engines.
Search engines are important because they are increasingly determining the
information about the products, products and services that customers can access
online. Easy access to Google, Yahoo and MSN has now become a major marketing
need as a strong presence in print and broadcast media, or a traditional traditional
marketing program. And as consumers and organizations rely heavily on them to find
the goods, services and suppliers they need, the value of Search Engines in modern
businesses can only grow.

Challenges facing search engines

• The web is growing faster than any current technology search engine can point to
(see distributed web crawling).
• Many web pages are updated regularly, forcing search engines to revisit them from
time to time.
• The questions a person may currently ask are limited to keyword searches, which
can result in more lies.
• Power-generated sites may be slow or difficult to identify, or may result in too
many results from a single site.
• Some search engines do not order results accordingly, but rather in terms of
revenue paid to sites.
• Some sites use tricks to get the search engine to show up as the first restored result
of some keywords. This can result in some search results being corrupted, and highly
relevant links are pushed down the search results list.

Conclusion
The usefulness of a search engine depends on the relative relevance of the results.
While there may be millions of Web pages that include a specific word or phrase,
some pages may be more relevant, popular, or authoritative than others.
Many search engines use results to measure results to get "good" results first. The
search engine determines which pages are best matched, and the results should be
displayed in the order in which they are most varied from one search engine to
another. Techniques also change over time as internet usage changes with new
strategies emerging.