Different approaches to the study of a sentence (traditional analysis,

IC analysis, actual sentence division, distributional analysis)

Each language has its own way of structural grouping. English has dichotomous
phrase structure, which means that the phrase in English can always be divided
into two elements (constituents) until we get down to the single word. All groups
of words are arranged in levels. The name given by linguists to these different
levels of relationship is immediate constituents.

Traditional approach includes division of sentences into simple & composite.

From point of view of this approach each sentence is divided in principle parts
(subject, predicate) & secondary (attributes, objects, adv. modifiers).

Also can be characterized from structural point of view: two-member & one-
member, extended, unextended.

Distributional analysis, its goal is to study the units of the language in relation to
their textual environment, which may be either left-hand or right-hand. The
distribution of any unit in the sentence may be defined as the total of its
environments.Distributional analysis may be done on the lexemic & phrasemic
levels.

The theory of actual division of the sentence is connected with the logical
analysis of the proposition. The principal parts of the proposition are the logical
subject and the logical predicate; these two parts correlate with the theme and the
rheme of the sentence respectively. Logical analysis deals with the process of
thinking and the actual division reveals the corresponding lingual means of
rendering the informative content in the process of communication

Transformational analysis,its aim is to establish the syntactic paradigm of the

sentence that is to find the base pattern otherwise called kernel sentence, structure
& their transforms. If we take interrogative sentence, it may be described as
transformationally produced from a statement which is base pattern. Is the weather
fine today?→the weather is fine today. Negative sentences are regarded as
transforms of affirmative sentences. All complex structures may be presented as
derived from one or more simple sentences.

Oppositional analysis helps to determine grammatical forms & paradigms of the

constituent parts of the sentence. The oppositional method in syntax means
correlating different sentence types: they possess common features and differential
features. Differential features serve the basis for analysis.

IC-analysis is based on group parsing(division) that is dividing the whole of the

sentence into 2 groups: gr. Of subject & predicate which in turn are divided into
their subgroups according to the successive subordinate order.