Fairfield Institute of Management

and
TOPIC OF RESEARCH PROJECT
Technology
Subject Name: HISTORY
SETTLEMENT OF
MADRAS Subject Code: 106

Submitted to submitted by
Name of the faculty: Ms. Parul shokeen Name: Sneha swami
Enrolment no.:121211102267
Course: Ba llb
Semester/section: 2 (A)
INDEX
Content Page no.
Introduction 1
Chennai(madras 2
Madras 6
presidency
Conclusion 8
Bibliography 9
INTRODUCTION

Settlement of Madras

In Settlement of Madras, we learn about the formation of Madras by

the East India Company and also the development of the judicial
system in the city. Madras was formed in the year 1639 by Francis
Day. That’s why Francis Day is also known as the father of Madras.
East India Company developed the Judicial System in Madras in 3
phases. But before learning about Judicial System, we should know
how the city of Madras formed.

How City of Madras was Formed

East India Company established its factory in Masullipatnam. This

factory was just a subsidiary of its main factory in Surat. Francis Day,
one of the members of the Masullipatnam factory, took permission
from Raja of Chandragiri to build a fort named Fort St. George in
1639.

The inside area of the fort was ‘White Town’ and the outside area was
‘Black Town’. People who used to live inside the Fort (White Town)
were the officials of the Company (Englishmen). People who resided
outside the Fort (Black Town) were the local people or the villagers.

Later on, the entire territory comprising of White Town and Black
Town developed into the City of Madras.
 CHENNAI(MADRAS)

Chennai, known as Madras until 1996, is situated on the

Coromandel Coast in south-east India and is the capital of the
state of Tamil Nadu. The city played a pivotal role in the
trading routes that crossed the Bay of Bengal, and has been
nicknamed the “Gateway to South India”, acting as not only a
resting point for merchants on their journeys from the Spice
Islands to the west, but also as a centre of economic and
cultural activity. From the 17th century, Madras became a city
of key importance within the British network of maritime
trade routes, exporting locally produced cotton and chintz, as
well as many different spices and other cargoes imported from
the east.
This region of south-east India has been characterised by a
long history of trade and exchange. The ancient kingdoms of
Cheri, Chola and Pandya, which ruled the territories around
Tamil Nadu, established trade relationships with the Greeks
and the Romans from as early as the 4th century BC, and
connections were also forged with peoples across western
Asia. The region developed as a cultural centre throughout the
early Middle Ages, and traces of this heritage are represented
today in monuments such as the 8th century Parthasarathi
Temple. Furthermore, local textile production and trade drew
the attention of a number of western merchants before the
British arrived, and Armenian, Dutch and Portuguese traders
were already engaging in the vibrant local trading community
established at San Thomé, today situated in the Mylapore
district of the city, from the early 16th century.
However, the arrival of the British in 1639 brought Madras to
the heart of the maritime trade networks that were starting to
emerge in the early 17th century. The British East India
Company first settled in southern India in 1611, but moved to
the area of Madras in 1639 in order to be near the established
textile weavers' communities. Textiles produced in the region
were internationally sought-after, and were exported to
Central Asia, Persia, and the East Indies. Weavers, dyers and
merchants from the region were encouraged to settle around
the city, named 'Madras' after the local village of
Madraspatnam. Not long afterwards, in 1641, Madras was
designated the site of the East India Company's headquarters
and went on to become one of the most important maritime
trading ports of the British Empire.
During the early years of commercial expansion, in the 1640s,
the East India Company constructed the citadel known as the
Fort St George in Madras, making it the first trading
settlement city in India to be fortified. These fortifications
illustrate the high value of the city's trade to the British, and
also the ongoing threat of conquest from another invading
power. Control of the key ports along the maritime Silk Roads
brought with it not only the lucrative proceeds of the spice
trade and other imported and exported goods but also, the
power to control stretches of the routes, as well as to impose
taxes. As Madras developed to become a vital hub of British
imperial trade in southern India, it became a highly desirable
conquest, and was attacked twice by the French, being
captured between 1746 and 1748, and then besieged again in
1758-59. The Fort St George was also subject to attack from
the ruler of Mysore, Hyder Ali, on two occasions in the later
18th century. 
As well as being a major commercial centre however, Madras
also developed as a melting pot for different cultures and
religions, as its expansion into a major port on the maritime
Silk Roads brought merchants to the city from across the
world. Indian, British, Portuguese, Armenian, French and
Dutch traders came together to trade, but also exchanged ideas
and cultures that shaped the city's development. As the
proceeds of commercial prosperity fed back into Madras in
the late 17th and 18th centuries, new buildings and architectural
styles emerged. Of the 600 Hindu temples in Madras today,
many were constructed in this period and are distinguished by
their highly decorative pillared porticos.  British Neoclassical
and Indian Mughal architectural styles were often combined,
as illustrated in the extensive use of striking white chunam, or
Indian stucco that is typical of many buildings in Madras.
The first British church in India, the Anglican church of St.
Mary’s, was constructed in Madras between 1678 and 1780,
but there were also a number of other churches representing
the Portuguese and Armenian merchant communities in the
city. The Roman Catholic Luz Church, built between 1547
and 1582, is one of the oldest churches in the city, and there is
an Armenian church dedicated to the Holy Virgin Mary,
completed in 1772, together with a mid-17th century Armenian
cemetery. A number of mosques served the city's Muslim
communities, most notably the striking Wallajah Mosque,
completed in 1795, and important Jewish and Jain
communities added to the cultural and religious diversity.
As such, Madras developed as a lynch-pin of the maritime
trade routes that emerged over the 17th century, and although
originally a British trading settlement, the city brought
together people and ideas from across the world, and saw a
fusion of Indian, British and many other cultures. In this way,
the city's expansion was not only funded by maritime trade,
but also stimulated by the global interchange of goods and
people that accompanied it.

MADRAS PRESIDENCY
The Madras Presidency, or the Presidency of Fort St. George, also
known as Madras Province, was an administrative subdivision
(presidency) of British India. At its greatest extent, the presidency
included most of southern India, including the whole of the Indian
state of Tamil Nadu, and parts of Andhra
Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Telangana, Odisha and the union territory
of Lakshadweep. The city of Madras was the winter capital of the
Presidency and Ootacamund or Ooty, the summer capital. The coastal
regions and northern part of Island of Ceylon at that time was a part
of Madras Presidency from 1793 to 1798 when it was created
a Crown colony. Madras Presidency was neighboured by
the Kingdom of Mysore on the northwest, Kingdom of Cochin on the
southwest, and the Kingdom of Hyderabad on the north. Some parts
of the presidency were also flanked by Bombay Presidency (Konkan)
and Central Provinces and Berar (Madhya Pradesh).
In 1639, the English East India Company purchased the village of
Madraspatnam and one year later it established the Agency of Fort St
George, precursor of the Madras Presidency, although there had been
Company factories at Machilipatnam and Armagon since the very
early 1600s. The agency was upgraded to a Presidency in 1652 before
once more reverting to its previous status in 1655. In 1684, it was re-
elevated to a Presidency and Elihu Yale was appointed as president.
In 1785, under the provisions of Pitt's India Act, Madras became one
of three provinces established by the East India Company. Thereafter,
the head of the area was styled "Governor" rather than "President" and
became subordinate to the Governor-General in Calcutta, a title that
would persist until 1947. Judicial, legislative and executive powers
rested with the Governor who was assisted by a Council whose
constitution was modified by reforms enacted in 1861, 1909, 1919
and 1935. Regular elections were conducted in Madras up to the
outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. By 1908, the province
comprised twenty-two districts, each under a District Collector, and it
was further sub-divided into taluks and firqas with villages making up
the smallest unit of administration. n 1684, Madras was once again
elevated to the status of a Presidency and William Gyfford appointed
the first President.[1] In 1690, the East India Company purchased a
promontory from Shahuji I, the [Mahratta Raja of Tanjaore], where
they built Fort St. David, near Cuddalore. By 1700, there were
English factories at Porto Novo,
Madapolam, Vizagapatam, Anjengo, Tell cherry and Calicut.
Although the East India Company managed to keep its distance from
the politics of Peninsular India, as struggle involving the Mughals, the
Mahrattas, the Nizams of Hyderabad and the Nawabs of the Carnatic,
as also the European Companies,[2] until 1740, when repercussion of
the War of the Austrian Succession began to be felt in India, as a
result of Dupleix's machinations to establish French paramountcy in
Southern India. In September 1746, Fort St. George was taken by the
French, under La Bourbonnais, and governed as a part of French India
until 1749 when Madras was restored to the British under the terms of
the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.[3]
In 1755 an expedition was dispatched from Madras to
the Tinnevelly country, to assist the Nawab of the Carnatic, to whom
it belonged, in bringing it to some order from the poligar chieftains
who actually controlled it. Although the polygars were signally
defeated the Nawab's representative was unable to exert any control
meriting the name, which led the area to being leased to the British by
the Nawab.
 Conclusion

In Settlement of Madras, we learn about the formation of Madras by

the East India Company and also the development of the judicial
system in the city. Madras was formed in the year 1639 by Francis
Day. That’s why Francis Day is also known as the father of Madras.
East India Company developed the Judicial System in Madras in 3
phases. But before learning about Judicial System, we should know
how the city of Madras formed.

There are three phases of development of the administration of justice

in Madras. The first phase starts from 1639 to 1665, the second phase
starts from 1678 to 1686, and the third and the last phase starts from
1686 to 1726.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

>Wikipedia
>Brainly.com
>Quora.com