44th BCS Eng. Preliminary Suggestion (Exambd - Net)

BCS Preli.
Suggestion (English Language & Litearture) by S M Shamim Ahmed

(Suggested according to the new the syllabus (English Language part) of the
BCS Preliminary Examination formulated by BPSC)
BCS English Language

(According to BCS preliminary Syllabus)
Final Suggestion
(Based on previous years’ Questions Analysis)
Courtesy: A Gateway to English Literature
Prepared by:
S M Shamim Ahmed
B.A (Honours) English Literature
Double M.A in English Literature & ELT
Jahangirnagar University.
Writer: A Gateway to English Literature
British Bangla & Gateway BCS Preli. Question
Bank & Model Tests.
Cliffs Toefl Grand Review
For more join: A Gateway to English Literature (FB group) or BCS Career Plus
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BCS Preli. Suggestion (English Language & Litearture) by S M Shamim Ahmed
A‡b‡Ki cªkœt A Gateway to English Literature/ Ab¨ wjUv‡iPvi eB wKfv‡e coe??
DËit
1. cª_‡g cªkœ Analysis Uv ‡`L‡eb| Zvn‡j Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb ‡Kvb cªkœ ¸‡jv cix¶vq Av‡m Ges wK wK UwcK co‡Z
n‡e|
2. weMZ mv‡ji cªkœ e¨vLvmn co‡eb G‡Z Avcbvi A‡bK wKQy m¤ú‡K© G‡Kev‡i Rvbv n‡e|
3. Zvici mv‡Rkb cvU© ‡`Lyb Ges cy‡iv mv‡Rkb cvU© ‡kl Kiæb|
Hello: 01511-999758. Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/asphodelshamim
Facebook group: A Gateway to English Literature
Part - I
BCS Preliminary Question Analysis (English Language Step-01)
Bs‡iwR fvlv I mvwnZ¨ covi cªwZ AvMªn m„wói Rb¨ G Avgvi GKvšÍ cÖqvm| BCS Preliminary-‡Z Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨ I
fvlvZ‡Ë¡ 35 gvK©m eivÏ _v‡K hv wcÖwj‡Z K…ZKvh© nIqvi AZ¨šÍ Riæix| BPSC KZ©©„K cÖ`Ë wm‡jevm Abymv‡i English
Language & Literature As‡k 35 gv‡K©i Rb¨ mvaviYZ 35 wU cÖkœ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Gi g‡a¨ 20 gvK© MÖvgvi †_‡K Ges
15 gvK© mvwnZ¨ Ask †_‡K _v‡K| BCS Preliminary Question Analysis Ki‡j †`Lv hvq ‡h, English
Language & Literature cÖavbZ 3 wU Ask wb‡q MwVZ | h_v:
1. Grammar
2. Literature &
3. Vocabulary.
wKš‘ GUv AZ¨šÍ cwiZv‡ci welq †h Avgv‡ì AwaKvsk cwiÿv_©x Bs‡iwR MÖvgvi I mvwnZ¨ fxwZ †_‡K GB As‡k h_vh_ cÖ¯‘wZ
‡bIqv †_‡K wb‡R‡ì weiZ iv‡L| ZvB BCS Preliminary Question Analysis K‡i Bs‡iwR MÖvgvi Gi †Kvb
Ask †_‡K co‡j Avcwb mn‡RB 15-17 gvK©m Kgb cv‡eb Zvi GKUv we‡kølYag©x ZvwjKv wb‡¤œ †Ìqv n‡jv| English
Language ‡_‡K †Kgb Question nq Zv jÿ¨ Kiæb |
1. Parts of Speech (3-5 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|)
Q. ‘A herd of cattle is passing.’ Here the underlined word is a/an – [43rd BCS]
Q. ‘I shall help you provided you obey me.’ Here the underlined word is a/an – [41st BCS]
Q. A lost opportunity never returns. Here ‘lost’ is a – [40th BCS]
Q. Which of the following words masculine – [40th BCS]
Q. Identity the determiner in the following sentence. I have no news for you – [40th BCS]
2. Idioms & phrases (wbwðZ 2/3 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|)
Q. ‘The phrase ‘Dog Days’ means – [43rd BCS]
Q. ‘The phrase ‘Sine Die ’ means – [43rd BCS]
Q. To win a prize is my ambition . The underlined part of the sentence is a/ an – [41st BCS]
Q. ‘He ran with great speed.’ The underlined part of the sentence is a – [40th BCS]
Q. ‘Once is a blue moon’ means – [38th BCS]
Q. ‘He worked with all sincerity.’ The underlined phrase is a – [37th BCS]
3. Clauses (wbwðZ 1/2 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|
Q. ‘Strike while the iron is hot.’ is an example of – [38th BCS]
Q. ‘This is the book I lost.’ – [37th BCS ]
4. Sentences & Transformation ( wbwðZ 1 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|)
Q. Change the voice ‘Nobody trust a traitor’ – [43rd BCS]
Q. Select the correct comparartive form of the sentence ‘A string of pearls
was not so bright as her teeth.’ – [41st BCS]
Q. ‘We must not late, else we will miss the train.’ This is a – [40th BCS]
Q. ‘A rolling stone gathers no moss.’ The complex form of the sentence is – [37th BCS]
5. Corrections ( GB UwcK †_‡K cÖvq cÖwZeviB 1 gvK© Kgb _v‡K|)
Q. Identify the correct sentence: ‘The girl burst into tears’ – [43rd BCS]
Q. Which one is correct sentence: ‘The doctor took my pulse.’ [41st BCS]
Q. Choose the correct sentence: ‘He refrain from taking any drastic action.’ – [38th BCS]
Q. Choose the correct sentence: ‘All of it depends on you.’ – [37th BCS]
6. Synonyms & Antonyms .... ( wbwðZ 1 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb| fvM¨ fvj n‡j 2 gvK©I Kgb ‡c‡Z cv‡ib|)
Q. What is the antonym for the word deformation – Wholeness [43rd BCS]
Q. Identify the correct synonym for the word magnanimous – Generous [43rd BCS]
Q. Choose the word opposite in meaning ‘terse’– Detailed/descriptive [41st BCS]
Q. Which word is similar to ‘Appal’ – Dismay [40th BCS]
Q. Which word is closest in meaning to ‘Franchise’ – privilege [38th BCS]
7. Correct Spelling (wbwðZ 1 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|)
Q. Identify the word which is spelt incorrctly – Ocassion [43rd BCS]
Q. Identify the correct spelling – Questionnaire [41st BCS]
Q. Identify the word which spelt incorrectly – Consciencious [40th BCS]
Q. Select the correct spelt word – Heterogeneous [38th BCS]
8. Same word used as different parts of speech (1-2 gvK© Kgb ‡c‡Z cv‡ib|)
Q. What is the adjective of the word ‘people’ – Populous [43rd BCS]
Q. What is the noun form of the word ‘laugh’– Laughter [43rd BCS]
Q. What is the noun form of the word ‘know’– knowledge [41st BCS]
Q. Verb of number is – enumerate [36th BCS]
Q. He has done no wrong. – Noun [Kuet 12-13]
9. Compositions
Narration (Extra) (GB 3wU UwcK †_‡K wbwðZ 2 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|)
Conditional Sentence
Q. An extra message added at the end of a letter. It is signed is called – postscript [40th BCS]
Q. Teacher said, “The earth –– round the sun.” [36th BCS ]
Q. This could have worked if I –– more cautious. – had [36th BCS ]
10. One-word substitutions
Right form of verb /tense (GB 3wU UwcK †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 1/2 gvK© Kgb cv‡e|)
BCS Previous years questions
Q. Words inscribed on a tomb is an – Epitagh [43rd BCS]
Q. One whose attitude is ‘eat, drink and be merry’ is – epicurean [41st BCS]
Q. The word ‘Panegyric’ means – elaborate praise [38th BCS]
Q. When water –– it turns into ice. – freezes [38th BCS]
we:`ª: BCS English Language As‡k GKUz fvj K‡i ¸wQ‡q preparation wb‡j Lye mn‡RB 15-17 gvK©m cvIqv m¤¢e|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avcbviv cixÿvi Question Pattern, Level of difficulty BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ¯^”Q aviYv †c‡q‡Qb| Dc‡i ewY©Z
Av‡jvPbv AbymiY Kiæb| cieZ©x As‡k Rvb‡eb wKfv‡e study Ki‡j mn‡R AšÍZ 95% cÖ‡kœi mwVK DËi w`‡Z mÿg n‡eb|
The most important topics for 43rd BCS (Step-02)

1. ****Verb, Gerund & Participle--- [43rd BCS, 41st BCS, 40th BCS, 38th BCS, 37th BCS,
36th BCS, 35th BCS, 32nd BCS]
2. *** Number & Gender ------------- [43rd BCS ,41st BCS, 40th BCS, 39th BCS, 38th BCS,
37th BCS, 34th BCS]
3. *** Determiner, Noun --------------- [43rd BCS ,41st BCS, 40th BCS, 39th BCS, 38th BCS,
37th BCS, 36th BCS, 35th BCS]
4. **** Phrase & Clause --------------- [43rd BCS ,41st BCS, 40th BCS, 38th BCS, 37th BCS,
32nd BCS]
5. *** Subject verb Agreement ------ [43rd BCS 37th BCS, 36th BCS, 33rd BCS]
6. *** Tense, voice -------------------- [43rd BCS 41st BCS, 40th BCS, 39th BCS, 38th BCS, 37th
BCS, 31st BCS, 30th BCS]
7. *** Adjective & Adverb ----------- [43rd BCS ,41st BCS, 40th BCS, 38th BCS, 37th BCS, 35th
BCS, 32nd]
8. *** Preposition --------------------- [43rd BCS , 41st BCS, 40th BCS, 39th BCS, 38th BCS,
37th BCS, 36th BCS, 35th BCS, 35th BCS, 33rd BCS, 31st BCS, 30th BCS)
9. *** Conditional Sentence --------- [39th BCS, 38th BCS, 36th BCS, 35th BCS, 30th BCS]
10. *** Analogy ------------------------ [39th BCS, 35th BCS, 34th BCS, 32nd BCS]
11. *** Spelling ------------------------ [43rd BCS, 41st BCS, 39th BCS , 36th BCS, 29th BCS]
12. *** Vocabulary--------------------- [43rd BCS ,41st BCS, 40th BCS, 39th BCS, 38th BCS, 37th
BCS, 36th BCS, 35th BCS, 34th BCS, 33rd BCS, 32nd BCS, 31st BCS, 30th BCS]
Avoiding Risk
13. Pronoun
14. Sentence and its kinds
15. Degree & Voice
16. Article
17. Narration
18. One-word substitutions
BCS Preliminary Question Analysis (English Language) According to new

syllabus (35th to 41st ) Step-03
Topic’s name KZ Zg wewmGm?

( Uwc‡Ki bvg) 35th 36th 37th 38th 40th 41st 43rd
A. Parts of Speech
The Noun 1 - 1 1 1 1 1
The Pronoun - - - 1 - 1 -
The Verb 1 - - - - 3 2
The Adjective 2 - - - 1 1
The Adverb - - 1 1 - 1 -
The Preposition 1 5 1 2 2 3 2
The Conjunction - - - - - 1 -
The Determiner 2 - - - 1 -
The Gender - - - 1 1 1 1
The Number - - 1 2 1 1 -
B. Idioms & Phrases 4 1 1 3 3 2 4
C. Clause -
The Noun Clause - - - - - -
The Adjective Clause - - 1 - - -
The Adverbial Clause - - 1 1 - -
D. Corrections 1 2 1 1 - 1
E. Sentence & 1 - - - - 2 2
Transformation
F. Words
Synonyms 3 1 3 1 4 1
Antonyms 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Spellings - - - 1 1 1 1
Substitution 2 - 1 1 - 1 1
Right form of verbs - - - 1 - 1
Conditional 1 1 - 1 - -
Subject verb 3 1 2 -
Agreement
Tense - - 1 - - -
Group verb 1 1 - - - -
Article - - 1 - - -
Analogy 1 - - - - -
Same words used as - 1 - - - -
different parts od
speech
G. Composition
Letter - - - 1 1
Part – I I
BCS Preliminary Question Analysis (English Literature Step-01
Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨ covi cªwZ AvMªn m„wói Rb¨ G Avgvi GKvšÍ cÖqvm| BCS Preliminary-‡Z Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨ As‡k 15 gvK©m eivÏ
_v‡K hv wcÖwj‡Z K…ZKvh© nIqvi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Riæix| wKš‘ GUv AZ¨šÍ cwiZv‡ci welq †h, Avgv‡ì AwaKvsk cwiÿv_©x Bs‡iwR
mvwnZ¨fxwZ †_‡K GB As‡k h_vh_ cÖ¯‘wZ ‡bIqv †_‡K wb‡R‡ì weiZ iv‡L| ZvB BCS Preliminary Questions
Analysis K‡i †Kvb Ask †_‡K co‡j Avcwb mn‡RB 10-12 gvK©m Kgb cv‡eb Zvi GKUv we‡kølYag©x ZvwjKv wb‡¤œ †Ìqv
n‡jv| English Literature ‡_‡K †Kgb Question nq Zv jÿ¨ Kiæb|
1. Literary Period ( 1 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|)
Q. ‘Jacobean Period’ of English Literature is refers to – [38th BCS]
Q. ‘Restoration Period’ in English Literature refers to – [37th BCS]
2. Literary Terms /Figure of Speech (1 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|)
Q. The literary terms ‘Euphemism’ means – [38th BCS]
Q. The repetition of beginning consonant sound is known as – [37th BCS]
3. Quotation (wbwðZ 2-5 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|)
Q. ‘Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heav’n.’ Who wrote this – [43rd BCS]
Q. ‘Time held me green and dying
Though I sang in my chains like the sea.’ This lines have been quoted from– [41st BCS]
Q. Man’s love is of man’s life a thing apart ,This woman’s whole existence– [40th BCS]
Q. ‘All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.’ – [40th BCS]
4. Who is the author/writer? ( wbwðZ 2-3 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|)
Q. Who is the author of ‘Jane Eyre’ – [43rd BCS]
Q. The play ‘The Birthday Party’ is written by – [41st BCS]
Q. ‘Ulyssess’ is a novel written by – [40th BCS]
5. What type / kind of writing is ..... (fvM¨ fvj n‡j 1 gvK© Kgb ‡c‡Z cv‡ib|)
Q. What kind of play is ‘Julius Ceasar’ – [43rd BCS]
Q. ‘Riders to the Sea’ is a – [35th BCS]
Q. ‘ The Rainbow’ is a – [13th BCS]
6. Who is / is not an Irish/American/ Victorian /Modern /Romantic poet/ playright /novelist ?
Q. Who is not an Irish writer? – [43rd BCS]
Q. Who is not a modern poet? – [43rd BCS]
Q. Who is not a romantic poet – [41st BCS]
7. Character of famous writings (Play, poem, novel, and story) [ wbwðZ 1 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|]
Q. Shylock is a character in the play – [41st BCS]
Q. Who is the central character of ‘Wuthering Heights’ by Emily Bronte? [40th BCS]
Q. Cordelia is a character of – [38th BCS]
8. Who is called the father /poet of......? (Poet of nature / beauty) (wbwðZ 1 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|)
Q. The most famous romantic poet of English Literature is – [ 43rd BCS]
Q. Who is known as ‘The poet of nature’ in English Literature – [36th BCS]
Q. Who is the greatest modern English dramatist? – [12th BCS]
9. Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï weL¨vZ †kvKMv_v Ges hvi g„Zÿ‡Z †jLv| (1 gvK© Kgb ‡c‡Z cv‡ib|)
Q.Tennyson’s ‘In Memoriam’ is an elegy on the death of – [40th BCS]
Q. P.B. Shelley’s ‘Adonais’ is an elegy on the death of – [37th BCS]
10. Real name & pen name of writers
Elaboration of the names of some famous Authors (GB 3wU UwcK †_‡K wbwðZ 1 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|)
Homonymous / Nearly Homonymous Writings
Q. What is the full name of the greatest American writer O’Henry? [14th,13th BCS]
Q. Dr. Johnson’s full name is –
11. Prominent English Poet Laureates. (GB 2 wU UwcK †_‡K 1 gvK© Kgb cv‡eb|)
Nobel Prize winners in Literature.
Q. Who among the following is not a recipient of the Nobel Prize in English literature?
Q. Who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2013?
12. Thematic Questions (GwUI 1 wU ¸iæZ¦c~Y© UwcK|)
Q. ‘The Merchant of Venice’ is Shakespeare’s play about – [36th BCS]
Q. ‘Othello’ is Shakespeare’s play about – [35th BCS]
13. Personal Information (Biography) [43rd BCS]
Q. O’ Henry was from –
Q. William Shakespeare was born in – [40th BCS]
Q. T.S .Eliot was born in – [13th BCS]
14. KwZcq Bs‡iwR M‡íi evsjv Abyev`|
National Poets of Different Countries (GB 3wU UwcK †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 1 gvK© Kgb cv‡e|)
BCS Previous years questions
Q. The climax of a plot is what happens – [36th & 35th BCS]
Q. ‘Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard’ is written by – [37th & 36th BCS]
we:`ª: BCS English Literature As‡k GKUz fvj K‡i ¸wQ‡q preparation wb‡j Lye mn‡RB 10-12 gvK©m cvIqv
m¤¢e| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avcbviv cixÿvi Question Pattern, Level of difficulty BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ¯^”Q aviYv †c‡q‡Qb|
Dc‡i ewY©Z Av‡jvPbv AbymiY Kiæb| cieZ©x As‡k Rvb‡eb wKfv‡e study Ki‡j mn‡R AšÍZ 95% cÖ‡kœi mwVK
DËi w`‡Z mÿg n‡eb|
The most important writers for 44th BCS (Step-02)
1. **** William Shakespeare -------- [43rd BCS, 41st BCS, 40th BCS, 39th BCS, 37th BCS,
36th BCS, 35th BCS, 29th BCS, 28th BCS,16th BCS]
2. *** George Bernard Shaw ----------- [41st BCS, 38th BCS, 36th BCS, 35th BCS, 12th BCS]
3. *** Charles Dickens ------------------[41st BCS , 39th BCS , 36th BCS, 29th BCS]
4. *** John Donne ------------------------ [40th BCS, 38th BCS]
5. *** Christopher Marlowe ----------- [41st BCS, 40th BCS, 35th BCS]
6. *** S. T. Coleridge ------------------ [38th BCS, 37th BCS, 36th BCS, 13th BCS]
7. *** William Wordsworth ------------ [43rd BCS, 36th BCS , 35th BCS]
8. *** W. B. Yeats ---------------------- [43rd BCS, 40th BCS,36th BCS,35th BCS]
9. *** Ernest Hemingway ---------------[37th BCS, 12th BCS, 11th BCS,10th BCS ]
10. *** Percy Bysshe Shelley ----------- [43rd BCS, 37th BCS, 28th BCS]
11. ** Jonathan Swift ---------------------- [38th BCS, 12th BCS]
12. *** Alexander Pope ------------------- [40th BCS, 38th BCS, 16th BCS]
13. ** John Milton --------------------------[43rd BCS, 38th BCS]
14. ** *T.S. Eliot--------------------------- [41st BCS, 37th BCS, 35th BCS, 17th BCS, 13th
BCS]
15. ** Thomas Gray --- -------------------- [36th BCS, 35th BCS]
16. ** Alfred Lord Tennyson-------------- [41st BCS, 40th BCS]
17. ** Robert Browning --------------------[37th BCS, 17th BCS, 11th BCS]
18. ** Ben Jonson --------------------------- [37th BCS, 15th BCS]
19. ***Thomas Hardy----------------------- [36th BCS]
20. Thomas Kyd ---------------------------- [38th BCS]
21. James Joyce ---------------------------- [40th BCS]
Avoiding Risk
22. George Orwell 29. Sir Thomas More
23. Francis Bacon 30. John Dryden
24. Toni Morrison 31. Daniel Defoe
25. Joseph Conrad 32. E.M. Forster
26. Edmund Spenser 33. Jane Austen
27. Lord Byron 34. Henry Fielding
28. Mathew Arnold 35. Chinua Achebe
BCS Preliminary Question Analysis (English Literature) According to new

syllabus (35th to 43rd) Step-03
Topic’s name KZ Zg wewmGm?

( Uwc‡Ki bvg) 35th 36th 37th 38th 40th 41st 43rd
Periods of English - - 1 1 - - -
Literature
Literary Terms 2 1 4 1 - - -
Renaissance Period
i. Elizabethan Age - - - 1 -
William Shakespeare 2 3 3 - 3 3 2
Christopher Marlowe 1 - - - 1 1 -
Thomas Kyd - - - 1 - -
ii. Jacobean Age
John Donne - - - 1 1
Ben Jonson - - 1 -
Neo-Classical Period
i.Restoration Age
John Milton - - 1 1 - 1
William Congreve - - - - - - 1
ii. Augustan Period/Age of Pope
Alexander Pope - - - 1 1 -
Jonathan Swift - - 1 -
iii. Age of Sensibility
Thomas Gray - - - - - - -
William Blake - - - - - - 1
The Romantic Period
The Romantic Period - 1 - - -
William Wordsworth 1 3 - - - 1
John Keats - - - - 1 1
S. T. Coleridge - 1 1 1 - -
P. B. Shelley - 1 1 - - 2
Victorian Period
Robert Browning - - 1 - - -
Alfred Tennyson - - - - 2 1 -
Charles Dickens - 2 - - - 1 -
Thomas Hardy - 1 - - - -
George Eliot 1 - - - - -
Emily Bronte - - - - 1 -
Charlotte Bronte - - - - - - 1
W.M. Thakeray 1 -
The Modern Period & Post Modern Period
G. B. Shaw 1 1 - 1 - 1 -
William Butler Yeats 1 2 - - 1 1
Edward Fitzgerald - - - - 1 -
R. K. Narayan - - - 1 - -
Thomas Stearns Eliot - - - - - -
Ernest Hemingway - - - - - -
E. M. Forster - 1 - - 2 1 -
James Joyce - - - - 1 -
T.S. Eliot 2 -
D.H. Lawrence 1 -
Harold Pinter 1 -
H.G.Wells 1 -
Dylan Thomas 1 -
Herman Melvile 1
Arundhati Roy 1
Miscellaneous (wewea) 1 - - - - - 2
Name Of some important 1 - - -
Books and writers
Nobel Laureate 1 - - - - - -
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Literary Terms
Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ Literary Terms ‡_‡K 1 gvK© Av‡mB | Literary Terms (Aj¼vwiK kã) n‡jv English Literature
Gi GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨/¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask| mvwnZ¨Kg© iwPZ nq mvwnwZ¨‡Ki cÖÁvq, B”Qvq Ges †m”QvPvwiZvq| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ‡hgb
Q›`, bvUK, Dcb¨vm, ‡QvUMí BZ¨vw` mvwnwZ¨K Terms i‡q‡Q, Abyiæcfv‡e Bs‡iwR mvwn‡ZÏ A‡bK Terms i‡q‡Q hv
‘Literary Terms’ bv‡g cwiwPZ| we.wm.Gm wek^we`¨vjq fwZ©mn cÖvq me cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK cix¶vq Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨ As‡k
Literary Terms ‡_‡K cÖkœ _v‡K| ZvB Literary Terms ¸‡jv AvqË¡ Kiv Acwinvh©|
 Alliteration: ( AbycÖvm ) : (37Zg wewmGm )
Alliteration kãwU j¨vwUb kã ÒLitteraÓ ‡_‡K G‡m‡Q hvi A_© - Òletter of the alphabet.Ó hLb ci¯úi Lye KvQvKvwQ
Ae¯’vbiZ k‡ã e¨ÄbeY© mg~‡ni cybt cybt eënvi nq (D”PviY aŸwb‡Z) ZLb Zv‡K Alliteration ev AbycÖvm ejv nq|
mvaviYZ e¨ÄYe‡Y©i ‡¶‡Î Ges k‡ãi Avw`‡Z eënvi n‡j Zv‡K G¨vwjUv‡ikb ejv n‡q _v‡K| (The repetition of a
consonant sound especially at the beginning of two or more words or within words. The words
can be adjacent or can be separated by one or more words.)
†hgbt
➢ Ruins seize thee, ruthless King! (Thomas Gray)
➢ Fair is foul, and foul is fair. ( Macbeth: William Shakespeare )
➢ Alone, alone,all,all alone,
Alone on a wide, wide sea! (Coleridge)
e¨vL¨vt 1 bs ev‡Kï GKB mvwi‡Z Òru’ Ges ÒthÒ -Gi cybive„wË N‡U‡Q, ZvB GwU Alliteration -Gi D`vniY|
✓ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Anaphora - Gi eënvi t
iex›`ªbv‡_i Òelv©g½jÓ KweZvq †`Lv hvq :
†KZKx †Kk‡i †Kkcvk K‡iv myiwf
¶wY KwUZ‡U Mvuw_ j‡q c‡iv Kiex|
Avevi,
I‡i wen½, I‡i wen½ †gvi,
GLb AÜ, eÜ K‡iv bv cvLv|
✓ bRiæ‡ji weL¨vZ Õwe‡`ªvnxÕ KweZvq †`Lyb:
f‚‡jvK `~‡jvK †MvjK †fw`qv
bRiæ‡ji GB PiYwU‡Z Ahy³ e¨ÄY¸”Q Ô‡jvKÕ aŸwbi µg iÿv K‡iB evi evi D”PvwiZ n‡q Abycªv‡mi m„wó n‡q‡Q|
➢ Samuel Taylor Coleridge Gi Ò The Rime of the Ancient Mariner KweZv ‡_‡K
ÒThe fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
The furrow followed free;
We were the first that ever burst
Into that silent sea.Ó
Alliteration- Gi cÖavb êwkó¨vewj:
1. GLv‡b GKB cÖKvi eY©, D”PviY ev kãvs‡ki cybive„wË NU‡e|
2. GB cybive„wË mvaviYZ k‡ãi cÖ_g w`‡K _vK‡e|
3. kã¸‡jv nq ch©vqµwgK bv nq cÖvq ch©vqµwgK n‡e|
4. Alliteration Avgv‡ì Kv‡b Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨ Av‡e`‡bi m„wó K‡i|
More Examples :
➢ But a better butter makes a batter better.
➢ A big bully beats a baby boy.
➢ Sick soul to happy sleep. (P. B. Shelley)
➢ Peter picked a peck of pickled peppers.
Grammar:
The word ‘Alliteration is an uncountable noun; Adjective: Alliterative; Adverb: Alliteratively.
 Allegory (iƒcKag©x iPbv/ cÖwZKvkªqx Kvwnbx)

Allegory kãwU wMÖK kã Ò allegora Ó ‡_‡K G‡m‡Q hvi A_© - Òspeaking in another way (Ab¨fv‡e ejv)Ó. cÖavbZ
K_vmvwn‡Z¨ GKwU M‡íi Avov‡j ‡jLK hLb Ab¨ GKwU Mí e‡j Zv‡K Allegory ejv nq| evsjvq GwU iƒcKag©x mvwnZ¨
wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| (The term ‘Allegory’ is dervied from Greek ‘allegora’ which means speaking in
another way. A literary form in which one story is told in the guise of another story.)
Allegory ‡K ejv n‡q _v‡K ÒA story within a story or a story of double meaning” A_©vr M‡íi g‡a¨ Av‡iK
Mí ev wØZ¡ A‡_©i Mí| †h‡nZz †jLK GLv‡b GKwU Mí‡K Avkªq K‡i Ab¨ GKwU Mí Zz‡j a‡ib|
Allegory memgq `yBwU A_© enb K‡i| h_vt-
1. Primary or surface meaning (gyL¨ ev evwn¨K A_© )
2. Secondary or symbolic meaning (†MŠY ev cÖZxKx A_© )
Allegory cÖavbZ 2 cÖKvi| h_v:
1. Historical and political allegory (HwZnvwmK Ges ivR‰bwZK A¨vwjMwi)
2. Symbolic allegory (fvev`‡k©i A¨vwjMwi)
More Examples:
➢ Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift
➢ The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser
➢ Animal Farm by George Orwell
➢ The Nun’s Priest’s Tale by Chaucer
➢ The Tempest by William Shakespeare
➢ The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan.
➢ Absalom and Achitophel by John Dryden .
Grammar: Singular countable noun ; Plural – Allegories ;
Adjective: Allegorical; Adverb: Allegorically.
 Elegy (‡kvKMv_v): (30Zg wewmGm )
Elegy kãwU wMÖK Ô ElegosÕ I j¨vwUb Ô ElegiaÕ kã †_‡K DrcwË jvf K‡i‡Q hvi A_© n‡jv ‘Lament’ ev †kvKµ›`b|
cÖvPxb wMÖK I †ivgvb mvwn‡Z¨ we‡kl (cici †n·vwgUvi I †c›UvwgUvi Pi‡Y) GwjRxq Q‡›` iwPZ KweZv‡KB elegy ejv
n‡Zv| GwjwR wQj Foot song hv g~jZ hš¿ m½xZ| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b g„Z e¨w³ ev †kvKven NUbvi ¯§i‡Y Kwei e¨w³MZ wejvcB
Elegy wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| (The word elegy derived from the Greek ‘Elegos’ and the latin word ‘Elegia’
which means lament. In ancient Greek literature it was foot song. In Greek and Latin poetry,
elgey refers to a special type of meter (Hexameters and pentameters). At present elegy refers to
a lyric poem of mourning for the death of an individual or lamenting over a tragic event.)
GwjwR KveïxwZwU Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï A½ n‡jI wcÖqRb we‡qv‡M ev †kvKven †Kvb g„Zy¨ NUbvq Kve¨wejvc iPbvi aviv c„w_exi
me©‡`kxq mvwn‡Z¨B cÖPwjZ| wKš‘ GB we¯§q †e`bv fvlvi ewntcÖKv‡k KZ bv êwPÎ¨gq! Ò In death we are all one
but in our respones to death how various!” GwjwR m¤ú‡K© K_vUv LyeB mv_©K| ZvB elegy-‡K ejv nq AvZ¥vi
mvwnZ¨|
†hgb: Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï weL¨vZ elegy-i bvg wb‡¤œ †Ìqv n‡jv:
Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï weL¨vZ GwjwR/‡kvKMv_v
Writers Elegy (‡kvKMv_v ) On the death of whom
Alfred Tennyson In Memoriam Arthur Henry Hallam
Edmund Spenser Astrophel Sir Philip Sydney (Bswjk Kwe)
John Milton Lycidas (Pastoral Elegy) Milton’s Friend Edward King
Mathew Arnold Thyrsis Friend Arthur Hugh Clough
Mathew Arnold Memorial Verses Wordsworth, Byron, Goethe
Thomas Gray Elegy Written in a Country Fore Fathers
(Graveyard Poet) Churchyard (1751)
P.B. Shelley Adonais John Keats
W.H. Auden In memory of W.B. Yeats W.B. Yeats
John Dryden Heroic Stanzas on the Death of Oliver Cromwell
Cromwell
GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi elegy n‡jv Pastoral Elegy ev ivLvwjqv ‡kvKMv_v| K¬vwmK¨vj ivLvwjqv ‡kvKMv_v Kv‡e¨ ïay †kv‡Ki
KweZv bq Ab¨vb¨ welqI ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
S.T.Coleridge- Gi g‡Z. ÒElegy is a form of poetry natural to the reflective mind A_©vr ms‡e`bkxj
g‡bi Mfx‡i AviI A‡bK welq Qvqv †dj‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: MÖvg¨ cÖK…wZ, †glcvj‡Ki Rxeb, AZxZ cyiv‡Yi RMr, kvk^Z Rxeb
BZ¨vw`| GLv‡b hvi g„Zÿ‡Z †kvKcÖKvk Kiv nq Ges †h †kvK cÖKvk K‡i Dfq‡KB †glcvjKiƒ‡c wPwÎZ Kiv nq| Pastoral
Elegy- Gi D™¢veK n‡jb cÖvPxb wmwmjxq Kwe w_IwµUvm| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ †hgb †kvKMv_v i‡q‡Q evsjv mvwn‡ZÏ †Zgwb
†kvKMv_v i‡q‡Q |
†hgb:
Ò‡Zvgvwi Av‡jv‡Z iwe kwk R¦‡j,
Ze i~c gvayh© MM‡b f~Z‡j,
Ze ‡cÖg ivM Kwi‡Q civM
weKvwk ü`q Kzmyg `‡j| (kvwšÍ - Kv`w¤^bx †Nvl)
Avevi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zvui ‘¯§iY’ KweZvq wj‡L‡Qb-
ÒN‡i †gvi bvwn †Zvi †h Ag„Z im,
wek^ gv‡S cvB †mB nviv‡bv cik|Ó
Grammar:
Elegy is a noun ; Plural – Elegies ; Adjective: Elegiac .
 Oxymoron (we‡ivavj¼vi /wecixZvj¼vi)
Bs‡iwR oxymoron kãwU, MÖxK kã oxis Ges moros †_‡K 1657 mv‡j cÖ_gev‡ii gZ kãwU Bs‡iwR‡Z cÖPwjZ
n‡q‡Q| oxis A_© “sharp, keen, pointed" (avivj,Ávbx, Zxeª), Avi moros A_© ”dull, stupid,
foolish"(Avnv¤§K, †evKv)| A_©vr Oxymoron Gi A_© `vuov‡jv – “sharp-dull”, “keenly stupid”, or
“pointedly foolish”
The word oxymoron is itself an example of an oxymoron. Oxymoron kãwU GKePb| Avi Gi enePb
nj Oxymora. Oxymoron Gi AvaywbK A_© `vuwo‡q‡Q - Ggb me kã¸”Q (mvaviYZ `yB kã) †h¸‡jv fxlYfv‡e ci¯úi
we‡ivax| A_©vr, `ywU ci¯ci we‡ivax kã GKwU gvÎ Awfe¨w³‡Z Ave× K‡i GKwU avuavi fveKí ˆZwi Kiv nq Zv‡K
oxymoron e‡j|
mnR K_vq, Oxymoron nj ev‡K¨ cvkvcvwk eëüZ `ywU ci¯ciwe‡ivax /wecixZag©x kã|
‡hgbt
He is irregularly regular in his attendence in the class.
Their love affair is an open secret .
Dc‡ii ev‡K¨ irregualarly regular GKwU Oxymoron | KviY e¨vcviUv hw` irregualar nq Zvn‡j regular wKfv‡e
n‡jv? Giv ci¯ci we‡ivax Ges kã `yBwU wecixZ A_© enb K‡i |
Ab¨ D`vniY :
He is a wise fool. GLv‡b wise fool ci¯ci we‡ivax |
AviI GKwU D`vniY w`‡j welqwU wK¬qvi n‡e All the politicians agreed to disagree. (Agreed & disagree)
Their love affair is an open secret. (open & secret )
He is irregularly regular in his attendance his class (irregularly & regular )
Dc‡ii evK¨¸‡jv c‡o mn‡RB Abygvb Kiv hvq , kã¸‡jv ci¯úiwe‡ivax | ZvB G¸‡jv oxymoron Gi D`vniY|
✓ More examples:
➢ I am looking for the original copy of my certificate.
➢ Guest host, wise fool,
➢ O miserable abundance, O beggarly riches. (John Donne)
➢ And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true. ( Alfred Tennyson)
➢ I like a smuggler. He is the only honest thief. (Charles Lamb)
➢ Living dead.
➢ He is constructively destructive.
➢ Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate! (William Shakespeare)
➢ Great Depression.
➢ Alone in a crowd.
➢ It is a painful pleasure.
✓ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Oxymoron - Gi eënvi t
Kwe iex›`ªbv_ Zuvi Mv‡b wj‡L‡Qb -
ÒPi‡Y Zvi wbwLj fyeb bxie MM‡b‡Z
Av‡jv-Avuavi AvuPjLvwb Avmb w`j ‡c‡Z|
GZ Kv‡ji fq fvebv ‡Kv_vq ‡h hvq m‡i,
fv‡jvg›` fvOv‡Pviv Av‡jvq I‡V fÕ‡i,Ó
GLv‡b Av‡jv-Avuavi I fv‡jvg›` kãhyMj cvkvcvwk eëüZ `ywU ci¯ci we‡ivax /wecixZ ag©x kã| ZvB GwU oxymoron
Gi D`vniY|
Avevi Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Zvui Ô cÖj‡qvjøvm Õ KweZvq wj‡L‡Qb-
✓ ÒH fvOv-Mov †Ljv †h Zvi Z‡e wK‡mi Wi?
‡Zviv me RqaŸwb Ki&|
ea~iv cÖ`xc Zz‡j ai&|Ó
Oxymoron ¸‡jv mvaviYZ Metaphysical poetry ‡Z eënvi Kiv nZ| GQvov eZ©gv‡bI KweZvq GUv eënvi nq|
D`vniY:
A careless shoe-string, in whose tie
I see a wild civility → (Delight in Disorder, by Robert Herrick)
Grammar: Oxymoron is a countable noun ; Plural –Oxymorons, Oxymora . Adjective:
Oxymoronic ; Adverb: Oxymoronically.
 Paradox (AvcvZ`„wó‡Z ci¯úiwe‡ivax wee„wZ/ K~Uvfvm)
Paradox n‡jv Ggb GKwU evK¨ hv ‡`LvgvÎ Avcwb confused n‡q hv‡eb| g‡b n‡e G information wU fyj| wKš‘ hLb
Mfxifv‡e wPšÍv Ki‡eb ZLb g‡b n‡e- wVKB ‡Zv Av‡Q| G RvZxq expression ¸‡jvB Paradox. A_©vr, Paradox n‡jv
AvcvZ`„wó‡Z ci¯úiwe‡ivax ‡Kvb wee„wZ hvi g‡a¨ †hŠw³K A_© jywK‡q _v‡K| (An apparently self-contradictory
statement that hides a rational meaning.)
Av‡iv mnR K‡i ewj, Avcwb fve‡Qb GK, Avm‡j welqUv Av‡iK, GB c¨vivi bvg Paradox. bvgwU ï‡bB c¨viv g‡b nq,
hwÌ Avm‡j welqwU ZZUv c¨vivi bv wKQzUv gRviI e‡U|
g‡b ivLvi mnR Dcvqt
g‡b ivL‡eb paradox Gi mv‡_ evsjv c¨viv K_vUvi wgj Av‡Q A_©vr ‡h welq Avcbv‡K c¨viv w`‡e ZvB Paradox.
Paradox- Gi c«avb ‰ewkó¨vewj:
1. AvcvZ`„wó‡Z ci¯úiwe‡ivax wee„wZ|
2. eûj¯^xK„Z gZ we‡ivax |
3. cÖ_‡g covi mgq D™¢U g‡b n‡jI c‡i GKwU hyw³MÖvn¨ A_© Avwe®‹…Z nq |
4. Paradox-G evwn¨K A_© wg_¨v wKš‘ AšÍwb©wnZ A_© mZ¨ nq|
5. GwU cvVK‡K cyiv‡bv fvebv‡K bZzbfv‡e fve‡Z eva¨ K‡i|
‡hgbt
➢ Child is the father of man. (wkïwU nj ‡jvKwUi evev|) (36Zg wewmGm)
(GwU Wordsworth Gi KweZv 'My Heart Leaps Up When I Behold' ‡_‡K ‡bqv)
cª_‡g ‡`‡L evK¨wU‡K fyj I Awek¦vm¨ g‡b n‡e| KviY AvcvZ`…wó‡Z ‡Kvb wkï evev n‡Z cv‡ibv| wKš‘ hLb Avgiv Mfxifv‡e
wPšÍv Kie ZLb mZ¨wU Luy‡R cv‡ev | Kwe ej‡Z ‡P‡q‡Qb AvR‡Ki wkïivB AvMvgxw`‡bi c«vßeq¯‹ gvbyl| A_©vr, Nywg‡q Av‡Q
wkïi wcZv me wkïiB AšÍ‡i| ZvB GwU Paradox.
wVK GKB K_v e‡j‡Qb evOvwj Kwe ‡Mvjvg ‡gv¯Ídv | wZwb e‡j‡Qb,
"fwel¨‡Zi j¶ Avkv ‡gv‡ì gv‡S mšÍ‡i
Nywg‡q Av‡Q wkïi wcZv me wkïiB AšÍ‡i|Ó → ‡Mvjvg ‡gv¯Ídv|
✓ More examples:
➢ Sweet are the uses of adversity. (‡h‡Kv‡bv `y‡h©v‡MI Kj¨vY wbwnZ _v‡K / K‡ói dj wgwó nq|)
➢ More haste, less speed. (hZ ‡ewk Zvovû‡ov ZZ ‡ewk wcwQ‡q cov|)
➢ The world will be saved by failure.
➢ Ignorance is strength. (George Orwell)
➢ I must be cruel only to be kind. (Hamlet-Shakespeare)
➢ There is none as poor as a wealthy miser.
➢ Cowards die many times before their deaths. (Julius Caesar )
➢ The quarrels of lovers are the renewal of love. (Terence)
➢ The golden rule is that there is no golden rule. (G.B. Shaw)
➢ Silence is sometimes more eloquent than words. (Thomas Carlyle)
m‡µwUm e‡j‡Qb, "I know that I know nothing" (Avwg Rvwb †h Avwg wKQyB Rvwb bv)| GUv wKš‘ c¨vivW‡·i
D`vniY| ‡KD hw` KL‡bv e‡jb- "Avwg wKQyB Rvwb bv", Z‡e GwU Aek¨B c¨vivW· n‡e| KviY wZwb ‡h wKQyB Rv‡bb bv,
GUvI ‡Zv wZwb Rv‡bb| Zvi gv‡b c¨vivW· n‡jv ci¯úiwe‡ivax e³e¨|
Grammar: Singular countable noun ; Plural – Paradoxes ;
Adjective: Paradoxical; Adverb: Paradoxically.
Oxymoron I Paradox-Gi cv_©K¨t (Distinction between Oxymoron & Paradox)
Basis for Comparison Oxymoron Paradox

Oxymoron is a combination of
Paradox is a statement that hides a
msÁv two contradictory terms.
rational meaning.
(Oxymoron nj ev‡K¨ cvkvcvwk
(Paradox n‡jv AvcvZ`„wó‡Z ci¯úiwe‡ivax
eëüZ `ywU ci¯úi we‡ivax kã )
‡Kvb wee„wZ hvi g‡a¨ †hŠw³K A_© jywK‡q _v‡K)
ci¯úi we‡ivax kã `ywU kã cvkvcvwk ci¯úi we‡ivax kã¸”Q |
kãMZ cv_©K¨
e‡m |
Paradox is considered to be an action
GUv Kx? Oxymoron is a description of a
that is contradictory.
phrase, which is contradictory.
cvVK g‡b PgKcÖ` cÖfv‡ei m„wó Kiv| cvVK‡ì g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kiv Ges bZzb wPšÍvi
D‡Ïk¨ D‡`ªK NUv‡bv|
D`vniY Truth is honey which is bitter. I want to die young at a ripe old age.
A Comparative study between Bengali & English Literature

(evsjv I Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï Zzjbvg~jK cvV)
Zzjbvi welq evsjv mvwnZ¨ Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨
cÖvPxb hyM (650-1200) (450-1066)
ga¨hyM (1201-1800) (1066-1500)
AÜKvi hyM (1201-1350) (1400-1500)
AvaywbK hyM (1800-1860) (1901-1939)
Avaywb‡KvËi hyM (1860- eZ©gvb ) ( 1939- eZ©gvb )
Avw` Kwe jyBcv Caedmon (K¨vWgb)
Avw` wb`k©b Ph©vc` Beowulf (weDjd)
M‡`ï RbK CkîP›`ª we`¨vmvMi John Wycliffe (Rb DBwK¬d)
KweZvi RbK gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë Geoffrey Chaucer (wRI‡d« Pmvi )
cÖe‡Üi RbK ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævvcva¨vq Francis Bacon (d«vwÝm ‡eKb)
‡QvU M‡íi RbK iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Edgar Allan Poe (GWMvi A¨vjvb †cv)
Dcb¨v‡mi RbK ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævvcva¨vq Henry Fielding (‡nbwi wdwìs)
bvU‡Ki RbK `xbeÜz wgÎ William Shakespeare(DBwjqvg ‡k·wcqi)
m‡b‡Ui RbK gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë Sir Thomas Wyatt (m¨vi Ugvm IqvU)
AvaywbK mvwn‡Zï RbK gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë G.B.Shaw (RR© evb©vW k)
gy`ªY wk‡íi RbK Pvj©m DBjwKbm William Caxton ( DBwjqvg Kv·Ub)
Kwe‡ì Kwe wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y Edmund Spenser (GWgÛ †¯úbmvi)
`ytLev`x Kwe hZx›`ª‡gvnb ‡mb¸ß Matthew Arnord (g¨vw_D Avibì)
we‡`ªvnx Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Lord Byron ( jW© evqiY)
RvZxq Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg William Shakespeare (DBwjqvg ‡k·wcqi)
mgv‡jvPbvi Kwe CkîP›`ª we`¨vmvMi John Dryden ( Rb WªvB‡Wb)
gnvKv‡eï Kwe †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq John Milton (Rb wgëb)
cÖ_g gnvKve¨ ‡gNbvè`Kve¨ Beowulf (weDjd)
cÖ_g Dcb¨vm Avjv‡ii N‡ii `yjvj Pamela or Virture Rewarded
cÖ_g e¨½ iPwqZv cÖg_ †PŠayix Jonathan Swift (Rbv_b myBd&U )
cÖ_g mv_©K †kvKMv_v Elegy cÖfveZx m¤¢lY-CkîP›`ª we`¨vmvMi Lycidas - John Milton
PviY Kwe gyKz›` `vm William Shakespeare (DBwjqvg ‡k·wcqi)
mfvKwe myfvm gy‡Lvcva¨vq William Wordsworth (DBwjqvg IqvW©mIqv_©)
¯^M‡Zvw³i Kwe Rmxg D`&`xb Robert Browning (ievU© eªvDwbs)
wK‡kvi Kwe myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© John Keats (Rb KxUm& )
‡R‡b ivLv fv‡jv:
m‡b‡Ui RbK BZvjxq Kwe †cÎvK©
evsjv m‡b‡Ui RbK gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
evsjv fvlvq BZvjxq m‡b‡Ui RbK cÖg_ †PŠayix
Bs‡iwR m‡b‡Ui RbK Sir Thomas Wyatt (m¨vi Ugvm IqvU)
Homonymous writings and the writers (mgRvZxq MÖš’ I ‡jL‡Ki bvg )
SL.No Homonymous writings Writer’s name Types of works

1  Antony and Cleopatra W. Shakespeare Play
 Caesar and Cleaopatra G.B. Shaw Play
2  An Ideal Husband Oscar Wilde Play
 The Modern Husband Henry Fielding Novel
3  Adonais P.B.Shelley Poem
 Venus and Adonais W. Shakespeare Poem
4  A Christmas Carol Charles Dickens Short Novel
 A Christmas Carol S.T. Coleridge Poem
5  A Midsummer Night’s Dream W. Shakespeare Play
 Midsummer Night John Masefield Poem
6  Arabian Nights Sir Richard Burton Fairy Tales
 New Arabian Nights R.L. Stevenson Short Story
7  A Passage to India E.M.Forster Novel
 A passage to England Nirad C. Chaudhuri Novel
8  A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens Novel
 A Tale of Two Parts Joseph Conrad Coll. of short stories
 A Tale of a Tub Jonathan Swift Fiction
 A Tale of the Pacific Ocean R.M. Ballantyne Adventure Fiction
9  A Way of the World V.S. Naipaul Novel
 The Way of the world William Congreve Play
10  Candida G.B. Shaw Play
 Candide Voltaire Satire
11  Crime & Punishment F. Dostoyevsky Novel
 Punishment Seamus Heaney Poem
12  Daffodils W. Wordsworth Poem
 Daffodils Ted Hughes Poem
 To Daffodils Robert Herrick Poem
13  The Death of the Hired Man Robert Frost Poem
 Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller Play
14  Every Man in His Humour Ben Jonson Play
 Every Man out of His Humour Ben Jonson Play
15  Endymion John Keats Poem
 Endymion John Lyly Play
16  Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad Novel
 Heart of the West O’ Henry Coll. of short stories
 The Heart of India Alexander Campbell History Book
17  Holy Living Jeremy Taylor a sermon in prose
 Holy Dying Jeremy Taylor (both)
18  Lord of the Flies William Golding Novel
 The Lord of the Rings J.R.R. Tolkien Adventure Fiction
19  Morte d’ Arthur Sir Thomas Malory Prose
 Morte d’ Arthur Alfred Tennyson Poem
20  Prometheus Bound E. B. Browning Poem
 Prometheus Unbound P. B Shelley Lyrical Drama
 Prometheus Unbound Aeschylus Play
21  Paradise Lost John Milton Epic
 Paradise Regained John Milton Epic
 The Earthly Paradise William Morris Epic
22  Preface to the Fables John Dryden Literary criticism
 Preface to Shakespeare Dr. Samuel Johnson Literary criticism
 Preface to the Lyrical Ballads W. Wordsworth Literary criticism
23  The Patriot Robert Browning Poem
 Patriotism Sir Walter Scott Poetry
24  The Rainbow D. H. Lawrence Novel
 The Rainbow W. Wordsworth Poem
25  The Rape of the Lock Alexander Pope Mock epic
 Rape Upon Rape Henry Fielding Novel
 The Rape of Lucrece W. Shakespeare Poem
 The Rape of Bangladesh Anthony War History
Mascarenhas
26  The Old Man and the Sea Ernest Hemingway Novel
 Riders to the Sea J.M. Synge Play
27  The Scholar Gypsy Mathew Arnold Poem
 The Spanish Gypsy George Eliot An epic Poem
 Time, You Old Gypsy Man Ralph Hudson Poem
28  The Birthday Party Harold Pinter Play
 The Cocktail Party T.S. Eliot Play
 The Garden Party Katherine Mansfield Short story
29  The Light House Edgar Allen Poe Story
 To the lighthouse Virginia Woolf Fiction
30  The Sun rising John Donne Poem
 The Sun Also Rises Ernest Hemingway Novel
31  The Way of the World William Congreve Play
 The Way of All Flesh Samuel Butler Fiction
32  Tom Jones John Osborne Play
 Tom Jones Henry Fielding Novel
33  The Origin of species Robert Darwin Fiction
 The Origin of Life on Earth Sir James Jeans Prose
34  The Alchemist Ben Jonson Play
 The Alchemist Paulo Coelho Novel
35  Ulysses James Joyce Novel
 Ulysses Alfred Tennyson Poem
36  Under the Greenwood Tree W. Shakespeare Poem
 Under the Greenwood Tree Thomas Hardy Novel
37  Waiting for Godot /The Dumb Samuel Beckett Play
Waiting R.K.Narayan Novel
 Waiting for Mahatma
Periods of English Literature (Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï hyMwefvM )

evsjv mvwn‡Zï g‡Zv Bs‡iwR mvwn‡ZïI hyMwefvM i‡q‡Q| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï hyMwefvM Bs‡iR BwZnv‡mi mv‡_ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ
hv GKwU RvwZi Af~¨`‡qi gva¨‡g ïiæ n‡qwQj| G Kvi‡Y RvwZ wn‡m‡e Bs‡iR‡ì BwZnvm hZUv êwPÎ¨gq Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm
wVK ZZLvwb êwPÎ¨gq| BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv hvq †h, Bs‡iR RvwZ MV‡b A‡bK ag©xq, ivR‰bwZK, AvÂwjK, HwZnvwmK
I A_©‰bwZK cwieZ©b mvwaZ nq, †ek wKQz êÁvwbK Avwe®‹vi I D™¢veb Zv‡ì Rxeb-hvc‡bi aiY I ixwZ-bxwZ‡Z cwieZ©b NUvq|
GB cÖwZwU cwieZ©b I cwigvR©b Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ cÖfve ‡d‡j| ZvB Avgiv †Lqvj Kwi gv‡S gv‡S wbw`©ó ivRv ev ivYxi bv‡g hy‡Mi
bvgKiY Avevi gv‡S gv‡S cÖfvekvjx mvwnwZ¨K, ag©xq cÖfv‡ei bvgvbymv‡i bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï hyMwefvM wb‡q
BwZnvmwe`‡ì g‡a¨ gZcv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| ZeyI M.H. Abrams Gi hyMwefvM AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨ I mycwiwPZ|
GQvovI Avgv‡ì g‡b ivLv DwPZ †h, 1590 mvj †_‡K 1616 mvj ch©šÍ mgqKvj‡K Age of Shakespeare ev
Shakespearian Age ejv nq|
Quick Memory Tips: OMR NRV MP
O ̶ Old English Period
M ̶ Middle English Period
R ̶ Renaissance Period
N ̶ Neo-Classical Period
R ̶ Romantic Period
V ̶ Victorian Period
1 2
The Old English Period The Middle English Period
Or, The Anglo-Saxon 1066-1500
450-1066 I. Anglo Norman Period 1066-1340
II. Age of Chaucer - 1340-1400
III. Barren Age/Dark Age - 1400-1485
3 4
The Renaissance Period
1500-1660
The Neo-Classical Period
I. Preparation for Renaissance-1500-1558
1660-1798
II. Elizabethan Age -1558-1603
I. The Restoration Period - 1660-1700
III. Jacobean Age -1603-1625
II. The Augustan Age /Age of Pope - 1700-1745
IV. Caroline Age -1625-1649
III. Age of Sensibility/Age of Johnson - 1745-1785/98
V.Common Wealth Period -1649-1660
VI. Puritan Age-1620-1660
5 6
The Victorian Period
The Romantic Period
1832-1901
1798-1832
I. The Pre-Raphaclitics - 1848-1860
II.Aestheticism & Decadence 1880-1901
7 8
The Modern Period
1901-1939 The Post Modern Period
I. The Edwardian Period - 1901-1910 1939 - Present
II. The Georgian Period - 1910-1939
M ̶ Modern Period
P ̶ Post Modern Period
A. The Elizabethan Period (1558-1603)
ivwb cÖ_g GwjRv‡e‡_i mgqKvj 1558-1603 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †kÖô mvwnZ¨Kg©‡K Elizabethan Literature ejv nq|
Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï me‡P‡q wcwiqW Elizabethan Period. ivwb GwjRv‡e‡_i bv‡g G hy‡Mi bvgKib Kiv nq| G hyMwU
mvwn‡Z¨ †hgb ¯§iYxq ivRbxwZ‡Z ev HwZnvwmKfv‡eI †Zgwb ¯§iYxq I eiYxq| 1558 wLªóvã †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 1603 wLªóvã
ch©šÍ †gvU 45 eQi ivwb GwjRv‡e_ Bsj¨v‡Ûi kvmb ÿgZvq wQ‡jb| GB mgqKvj‡KB Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï Elizabethan
Period ejv nq|
Titles of the Age
➢ GB hyM‡K Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï ¯^Y© hyM (The Golden Age of English Literature) ejv nq|
➢ GB hyM‡K ‘A Nest of Singing Birds’/ ‘An Age of Original Romaticism’ I ejv n‡q _v‡K|
G hy‡Mi wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨:
➢ Queen Elizabeth I Gi bvgvbymv‡i G hy‡Mi bvgKiY Kiv nq|
➢ wZwb 1533 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuv‡K Virgin Queen of England ejv nq|
➢ Elizabethan Tragedy is centred on Revenge .
➢ GB hyM w_‡qUvi ev †k·wcq‡ii bvU‡Ki Rb¨ weL¨vZ|
➢ GB hy‡Mi AwaKvsk bvUK Queen Elizabeth Gi mvg‡b gÂ¯’ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g gÂ¯’ bvUK ‘Gorboduc’. Elizabeth I
we:`ª: ‘Gorboduc’ n‡jv First Tragedy of English Literature. Gi †jLK n‡jb Thomas Sackville Ges
Thomas Norton. ( evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g mv_©K Uªv‡RwW n‡jv gvB‡Kj g`ym~`b `‡Ëi ÔK…òKzgvixÕ|
Famous Quote of Queen Elizabeth
➢ A good face is the best letter of recommendation (Av‡M `k©Yavix c‡i ¸YwePvix)
University Wits-(7 Rb)
University Wits n‡jv GK`j hyeK Dramatist & Pamphleteers (bvU¨Kvi Ges ÿz`ª cy¯ÍK iPwqZv) hviv
Cambridge I Oxford University Gi witty students. Zuviv ‡lvok kZvãx‡Z (1500-1600) jÛ‡b bvUK
wjL‡Zb| Zuviv wQj Bsj¨v‡Ûi bvU¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi evnK| Zvu‡ì cÖvq mK‡jB Cambridge I Oxford University Gi
witty students wQ‡jb e‡j Ggb bvgKiY Kiv nq|
University Wits
1. Christopher Marlowe (wµ‡÷vdvi gv‡©jv) 4. Thomas Lodge (Ugvm jR )
2. John Lyly (Rb wjwj) 5. Robert Greene (Ugvm MÖxb)
3. George Peele (Rb cxwj) 6. Thomas Nashe (Ugvm b¨vk)
** 7. Thomas Kyd (Ugvm KxW)
Quick memory Tips:
Marlowe Gi †cÖwgKviv Lyly , Peele, Kyd, Lodge ‡Kv¤úvbx‡Z Greene bvkcvwZi †Lvmv Qov‡bvi KvR K‡i|
Gevi wgwj‡q wbB:
Marlowe = Christopher Marlowe
Lyly = John Lyly
Peele = George Peele
Kyd = Thomas Kyd
Lodge = Thomas Lodge
Greene = Robert Greene
bvkcvwZ = Thomas Nashe
we:`ª: Thomas Kyd Oxford ev Cambridge Gi QvÎ bv n‡qI University Wits Gi AšÍf~©³ wQ‡jb|
Edmund Spenser (GWgÛ †¯úÝvi ,1552-1599)
Zuvi Dcvwamg~n:
The Poet of the Poets (Kwe‡ì Kwe)

(Note: evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Kwe‡ì Kwe wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y)
Introducer of Spenserian Sonnet
(Zvi m‡bU msKj‡bi bvg- ‘Amoretti’)
The Second Father of English Poetry Edmund Spenser
The Divine Master/Quote Poet
The child of Renaissance & Reformation
The Prince of Poet/ Court Poet of England
we:`ª: Zvui g„Zzï ci eû Kwe mvwnwZ¨K we‡kl K‡i †ivgvw›UK wcwiq‡Wi KweMY Spenser Gi iPbv‰kjx AbymiY Ki‡Zb
e‡jB Zvu‡K Kwe‡ì Kwe ejv nq|
Zuvi weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨Kg©:
Epic (gnvKve¨)  The Faerie Queen (fvev_©: cixi b¨vq my›ìx ivbx) Faerie Queen GKwU Amgvß Bs‡iwR
gnvKve¨| GwU g~jZ GKwU iæcKag©x †ivgvÝ|
Major Characters:
Arthur - ‡K›`ªxq PwiÎ, wZwb jW© jvBwm÷v‡ii cÖZxK |
Faerie Queen (Also known as Gloriana) - ivwb GwjRv‡e_|
Redcross knight (St.George) - Redcross knight Bsj¨v‡Ûi ag© msµvšÍ wel‡qi iÿK |
Duessa - ‡ivgvb Pv‡P©i cÖZxK, wZwb Una Gi wecixZ PwiÎ Ges wg_¨vi cÖZxK|
Una - Bsj¨v‡Ûi cwiï× PvP©, Redcross Gi ney ¯¿x Ges m‡Zï cÖZxK|
The Faerie Queen wel‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨: The Faerie Queen n‡jv GWgvÛ †¯úbmv‡ii
me©‡kÖô I GK Agi m„wó| wek eQi a‡i iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Faerie Queen GKwU Amgvß Bs‡iwR
gnvKve¨ hv ivwb GwjRv‡e‡ì cªksmv K‡i iwPZ| 7 L‡Ûi g‡a¨ †¯úbmvi 6wU LÛ mgvß Ki‡Z
†c‡iwQ‡jb; mßg LÛwU Amgvß| hwÌ Kwei B‡”Q wQj †h, Ggb GKwU gnvKve¨ m„wó Ki‡eb hv
AZx‡Zi mg¯Í gnvKv‡eï mgZzj¨ n‡e| GwU GKwU agx© (Allegorical) DcvL¨vb| Kve¨wUi welqe¯‘
n‡jv cix‡ì †`‡ki ivwb Gloriana 12 w`b e¨vcx GKwU Drm‡ei Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖ‡Z¨K
w`b GK`j DrcxwoZ gvbyl G‡m ivwbi Kv‡Q ‰`Z¨ KZ…©K Drcxo‡bi Awf‡hvM Ki‡e Avi ivwb cÖwZw`b
GKRb K‡i bvBU†K cvwV‡q Drcxob eÜ K‡i †`b| cÖ‡Z¨KwU bvB‡Ui `ytmvnwmK Awfhvb‡K †K›`ª
K‡i iPbv Ki‡eb ev‡ivwU Kve¨ Ggb B‡”Q wQ‡jv ‡¯úbmv‡ii| wKš‘ Zv Ki‡Z wZwb mÿg nbwb| G
gnvKv‡eï bvqK Redcross Knight Avi bvwqKv Una. Redcross Knight Bsj¨v‡Ûi ag©
wel‡qi iÿK| Dbv n‡”Q mZ¨ I Bsj¨v‡Ûi cwiï× Pv‡P©i cªZxK Avi WªvMb n‡jv Rxe‡bi fzjåvwšÍi
cªZxK| 1590 mv‡j cÖ_g 3wU ce© Øviv gnvKve¨wU cÖKvwkZ nq| wØZxq 3wU ce© cÖKvwkZ nq 1596
mv‡j| Ges me©‡kl 1609 mv‡j Zvi g„Zzï ci 2q Gi 2q mM© cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z 5 ai‡Yi iƒc‡Ki
cwiPq cvIqv hvq| h_v:
1. Moral (‰bwZK),
2. Political (ivR‰bwZK), 3. Spiritual (Ava¨vwZ¥K),
4. Chivalric (exiZ¡), 5. Aristotelian (Gwi÷Ujxq)
GB gnvKv‡eï cÖavb welqe¯Íy †`k‡cÖg|
Poetry Amoretti (G‡gv‡iwU): GwU 89 wU m‡bU ev PZz`©kc`x KweZvi msKjb| ¯¿x Gwihvv‡e` i‡qj‡K
D‡Ïk¨ K‡i KweZv¸‡jv ‡jLv|
The Shepherd’s Calendar (‡gl cvj‡Ki Rxeb msµvšÍ Pastoral Poem. GB Kve¨MÖš’wU wZwb
DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb Sir Philip Sidney †K|)
Four Hymns (‡dvi nvBgm): Edmund Spenser’s Four Hymns, a series of four
hymns praising Love, Beauty, Heavenly Love, and Heavenly Beauty, combine
the worlds of philosophy and theology into a masterful 4-part poem in praise
of true Love and true Beauty.
The Epithalamion (Gwc_vjvwgqb): GwU weevn wel‡q 33 wU ¯Íe‡K iwPZ GKwU KweZv|
Astrophel (G‡÷ªv‡dj): A Pastoral Elegy upon the death of the most noble and
valorous Knight, Sir Philip Sidney. It was probably composed in 1580.
Francis Bacon (dªvwÝm †eKb ,1561-1626)
Zuvi Dcvwamg~n:
Father of English Essay (cÖe‡Üi RbK)

First Essayist in English Literature
Father of modern Prose (AvaywbK M‡`ï RbK)
Father of Empriricism (cÖ‡qvMev‡ì RbK)
Father of Experimental Science ( cixÿvg~jK weÁv‡bi RbK)
Master of Aphorism & Terseness
Francis Bacon m¤ú‡K© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨:
➢ Francis Bacon GKvav‡i Attorney General Ges Lord Chancellor `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
➢ wZwb GKRb Bs‡iR Courtier (statesman), lawyer and natural philosopher.
➢ wZwb 1584 mv‡j cvj©v‡g‡›Ui m`m¨ n‡qwQ‡jb Ges 1603 mv‡j Knight Dcvwa jvf K‡ib|
Zvui weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨Kg©:
➢ Essays  Of Studies  Of Truth

 Of Love  Of Friendship
 Of Revenge  Of Great Place
 Of Marrige & Single Life  Of Death
 Of Plantation  Of Beauty
 Of Suitors  Of Adversity
 Of Antheism  Of Envy
 Of Boldness  Of Superstitions
 The Advancement of Learning  The Wisdom of Ancients
➢ Other works  Novum Organum (A_©: New Method)  New Atlantis
(j¨vwUb fvlvq wjwLZ)  Historie of the Raigne of
 Instauratio Magna Henry VII.
 Divine and Human
Of Studies Gi mvi-ms‡ÿc:
d«vwÝm †eKb‡K Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ M‡`ï RbK ejv nq| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï Rb¨ †h mvwnwZ¨K cÖeÜ¸wj wZwb iPbv K‡i‡Qb
Zv AvZ¥MZ fvebvq mg„×| Zuvi †jLv AZ¨šÍ hyw³c~Y© Ges AjsK…Z| d«vwÝm †eK‡bi “Ad ÷vwWmÓ cÖeÜwU Aa¨qb ev cvV
wel‡q iPbv K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b wZwb cvV¨vf¨v‡mi ¸iæZ¡, Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, mydj BZ¨vw` wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| †eKb
e‡j‡Qb †h, e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b fvlvMZ gvayh©Zv Dbœq‡b cv‡Vi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| KviY GKRb gvbyl cv‡Vi gva¨‡gB wb‡R‡K
AwfÁ I weØvb K‡i Zz‡jb| GKRb gvbyl wfbœ wfbœ welq Aa¨q‡bi gva¨‡g H wel‡q we‡kl Ávb I AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, “Histories make men wise; poets,witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural
philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.” A_©vr, ÒBwZnvm gvbyl‡K weÁ K‡i
†Zv‡j, Kwe n‡q D‡V Dcw¯’Z eyw×m¤úbœ, MwYZ K‡i m~² eyw×m¤úbœ, `k©b K‡i †Zv‡j Mfxi, ˆbwZKZvm¤úbœ, hyw³we`¨v Ges
evK¨vjs¼vi hyw³‡Z cvi`k©x K‡i †Zv‡j|Ó †jLK GUvI †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, †Kvb ai‡bi welq cvV¨vf¨v‡m _vKv DwPZ Ges
†Kvb welq¸‡jv Gwo‡q Pjv DwPZ| wZwb AviI e‡jb, ÒSome books are tasted, others to be swallowed, and
some few to be chewed and digested.” A_©vr wKQz wKQz eB Av‡Q †h¸‡jvi ïay ¯^v` MÖnY Ki‡Z nq, wKQz wKQz eB
bv ey‡SB gyL¯Í Ki‡Z nq Ges wKQz wKQz eB ax‡i ax‡i MÖnY I AvZœ¯’ Ki‡Z nq|
wZwb g‡b K‡ib †h, kixi wVK ivLvi Rb¨ †hgb e¨vqvg Acwinvh© wVK †Zgwb Kv‡iv AvZœvi weKv‡ki Rb¨ cvV¨vf¨vm Acwinvh©|
➢ Father of English Prose Francis Bacon
➢ Father of English Prose John Wycliffe we:`ª: Father of English Prose
➢ Founder of English Prose Alfred the Great cÖ‡kœ Alfred the Great ev John
Wycliff Gi bvg bv _vK‡j Francis
✓ jÿbxq Zuvi AwaKvsk cÖe‡Üi bvg Of w`‡q ïiæ n‡q‡Q| Bacon mwVK DËi n‡e|
✓ Essay kãwU wZwbB cÖ_g eënvi K‡ib|
Exceptional Notes:
Of Reformation (Pamphlet) -1641 John Milton
Of Education (Prose)-1644 John Milton
Of Human Bondage (Novel)-1915 William Somerset Maugham
William Shakespeare (DBwjqvg †k·wcqi ,1564-1616)
 Birth 23rd April 1564

 Death 23rd April 1616
 Father John Shakespeare
 Mother Mary Shakespeare
 Wife Anne Hathaway
 Children Hamnet , Susanna Hall, Judith Quiney
 Birth Place Stratford-upon-Avone, UK.
William Shakespeare
 Profession Playwright, Poet & Actor
wet `ªt William Shakespeare 1564 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡j Bsj¨v‡Ûi ÷ªvU‡dvW© Ab G‡fv‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi mwVK
Rb¥ZvwiL Rvbv hvqwb, Z‡e mviv wekê¨vcx 23 †k GwcÖj Zvui Rb¥w`b cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| 1564 mv‡ji 26 †k GwcÖj
(eyaevi) nwi wUªwbwU Pv‡P© Zuvi e¨vwÞRg ( wLªó a‡g© `xwÿZKiY Abyôvb †hLv‡b †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K cweÎ evwiØviv AwfwmuPb
K‡i †bIqv nq) m¤úbœ nq|‡h‡nZz R‡b¥i Z…Zxq w`‡b e¨vwÞRg n‡Zv, ZvB William Shakespeare Rb¥ 1564 mv‡ji
23 †k GwcÖj e‡j avibv Kiv nq|
[Source: History of English Litearture by William J Long & website]
Zuvi Dcvwamg~n
➢ National Poet of England (Bsj¨v‡Ûi RvZxq Kwe)

➢ King without Crown (gyKzUwenxb m¤ªvU)
➢ The Greatest Dramatist/Playwright (me©‡kÖô bvU¨Kvi)
➢ Bard of Avon (Gf‡bi PviY Kwe) (Avon GKwU b`xi bvg)
➢ The Greatest Superstar of the World (c„w_exi me©‡kÖô ZviKv)
➢ Father of English Drama (Bs‡iwR bvU‡Ki RbK)
➢ Poet of Human Nature (Dr. Samuel Johnson Zv‡K GB Dcvwa‡Z AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib|)
➢ The Dazzling Sun (Lord Alfred Tennyson Zuv‡K GB Dcvwa †`b|)
William Shakespeare m¤ú‡K© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨:

➢ William Shakespeare wQ‡jb GKRb Bs‡iR Kwe , bvU¨Kvi I Awf‡bZv|
➢ Zuv‡K Bs‡iwR fvlvi †kÖô mvwnwZ¨K I mviv we‡kî †miv bvU¨Kvi g‡b Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
➢ William Shakespeare Gi WvK bvg n‡jv The Swan of Avon.( Dcvwa †`b: Ben Jonson)
➢ Shakespeare is known/famous mostly for his plays.
➢ He belongs to the Elizabethan Period.
➢ He belongs to 16th Century.
➢ wZwb Iambic Pentameters (cuvP gvÎvi Q›`wewkó jvBb) cÖ‡qv‡M AwaKvsk bvUK iPbv K‡ib|
➢ ‡ckvMZ Rxe‡b Awf‡bZv †k·wcqv‡ii m½x mv_x‡ì wb‡q 1599 wLª. jÛ‡b Globe Theatre cÖwZôv K‡ib|
➢ Zuvi bvU‡K cuvP AsK wewkó ( Five Act ) Climax ‡`Lv hvq|
➢ wZwb Zuvi wcZvgvZvi AvU mšÍv‡bi g‡a¨ Z…Zxq Ges RxweZ mšÍvb‡ì g‡a¨ me©‡R¨ô wQ‡jb|
➢ 1585 ‡_‡K 1592 mv‡ji gaëZ©x mg‡q wZwb Awf‡bZv I bvU¨Kvi wn‡m‡e jÛ‡b e¨vcK L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb|
➢ (1590-1616) mvj A_©vr 16 eQi mgq‡K William Shakespeare-Gi mvwnZ¨Rxeb aiv nq|
William Shakespeare Gi bvUK (Plays)
Shakespeare g~jZ Pvi ai‡bi bvUK wj‡L‡Qb|
 Tragedy -12wU  Tragi-Comedy -3wU

 Comedy -15wU  Historical Play -10 wU
William Shakespeare Gi Sonnet
✓ wZwb Shakespearean Sonnet Gi cÖeZ©K
✓ wZwb †gvU 154 wU m‡bU iPbv K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi m‡bU eÜz Earl of Southampton ‡K DrmM© K‡ib|
✓ Zvi m‡b‡Ui AšÍ¨wgj abab, cdcd, efef, gg .
➢ William Shakespeare Gi wKQz weL¨vZ KweZv
➢ A Lover’s Complaint ➢ Under the Greenwood Tree

➢ The Passionate Pilgrim ➢ Venus and Adonis Narrative Poem
➢ The Phoenix & the Turtle ➢ The Rape of Lucrece
GK bR‡i William Shakespeare Gi First, Last, Smallest & Largest Play:

➢ cÖ_g bvUK - Henry VI (Part-2)
➢ ‡kl bvUK - The Tempest (Swan song)
➢ ÿz`ªZg bvUK - Comedy of Errors
➢ `xN©Zg bvUK Hamlet
William Shakespeare Gi weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨Kg© (Notable works)

Tragedies Comedies Historical Plays
Sh
ab
ak
W
pe
ks
es
or
ill
of
ot
ar
ia
N
le
 Hamlet  As You Like it  Henry IV, Part I

 King Lear  A Midsummer Night’s  Henry IV, Part II
Dream
 Macbeth  Measure for Measure  Henry V
 Othello  The Taming of the Shrew  Henry VI, Part I
 Romeo and Juliet  The Tempest  Henry VI, Part II
 Julius Caesar  All’s Well That Ends well  Henry VI, Part III
 Titus Andronicus  The Merchant of Venice  Henry VIII
 Antony and Cleopatra  Twelfth Night  King John
 Coriolanus  The Two Gentlemen of  Richard II
Verona
 Troilus and Cressida  The Winter’s Tale  Richard III
 Timon of Athens  Pericles, Prince of Tyre
 Cymbeline  The Merry Wives of
Windsor
 The Comedy of Errors
 Much Ado about Nothing
 Lover’s Labours Lost
Quick Memory Tips
William Shakespeare Gi weL¨vZ 7wU Uª¨vwRwW g‡b ivLvi Dcvq:
RJ HAMKO
R Romeo & Juliet
J Julious Caesar
H Hamlet
A Antony and Cleopatra
M Macbeth
K King Lear
O Othello
Tragicomedy: UªvwRK‡gwW
Tragi-comedy is a play or novel containing elements of both comedy and tragedy.(Tragi-comedy
n‡jv Ggb GK ai‡Yi bvUK ev Dcb¨v‡m hv‡Z Uªv‡RwW I K‡gwW Df‡qi welqe¯‘ Avi Avw½‡Ki wgkªY _v‡K|)
wb‡¤œ D‡jøwLZ 5wU bvUK‡K William Shakespeare Tragi-comedy wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| h_v t
I. The Merchant of Venice
II. Measure for Measure
III. All’s Well That Ends well
IV. Cymbeline
V. The Winter’s Tale
GK bR‡i William Shakespeare Gi weL¨vZ Uªv‡RwWmg~n
Uªv‡RwWi bvg cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨
www.exambd.net

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Hamlet ‘Hamlet’, Shakespeare Gi RbwcÖq GKwU Revenge Tragedy (cÖwZ‡kvag~jK
we‡qvMvšÍK bvUK) GwU †k·wcq‡ii me©e„nr Tragedy.
welqe¯Íy: n¨vg‡jU KZ…©K wcZvi g„Zzï cÖjw¤^Z cÖwZ‡kv‡ai cÖ‡PóvB G bvU‡Ki g~j welqe¯Íy|
Main Characters:
King Hamlet (wKs n¨vg‡jU) → ‡Wbgv‡K©i ivRv|
Prince Hamlet (wcÖÝ n¨vg‡jU) → Son of king Hmalet/Protagonist/central
character (‡Wbgv‡K©i ivRv n¨vg‡j‡Ui cyÎ bvqK/‡K›`ªxq PwiÎ)Rvg©vwbi D‡UbevM©
wek^we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ wQ‡jb|
Claudius (K¬wWqvm) → Hamlet- Gi PvPv| Claudius n‡jb G Uªv‡RwWi Antagonist.
Gertrude (MviUªyW)→ Hamlet- Gi gv|
Ophelia (I‡dwjqv)→ Ophelia (Heroine) n‡jv Hamlet-Gi †cÖwgKv|
Polonius (c‡jvwbqvm)→ Claudius Gi Dc‡`óv Ges Ophelia I Laertes Gi evev|
Horatio (‡nvivwkI) → n¨vg‡j‡Ui eÜz|
Kvwnbx ms‡ÿc:
bvqK Hamlet ‡Wbgv‡K©i hyeivR| fv‡jvevmvi g‡ZvB ü`qevb bvqK †m| bvwqKv Ophelia-
i cÖwZ Zvi fv‡jvevmv KgwZ wQ‡jv bv| Zvi PvPv Claudius Zvi evev‡K nZ¨v K‡i ivR¨ `Lj
K‡i Ges Zvi gv‡K (ivwb MviUªyW) we‡q K‡i| GB NUbv g„Zy¨‡K inm¨gq K‡i †Zv‡j| GKiv‡Z
n¨vg‡j‡Ui wcZvi †cÖZvZ¥v (Ghost) wn‡m‡e Avwe©f‚Z n‡q Rvbvq †h, Zvi PvPv K¬wWqvmB
nZ¨vKvix| n¨vg‡j‡Ui eÜ †nvivwkI †Wbgv‡K© G‡b H f‚Z‡K †`Lvq| G‡Z n¨vg‡jU cÖPÛ nZvkvq
fzM‡Z _v‡K|
gv‡qi cÖwZ wei³ n‡q Hamlet e‡jwQ‡jv-

“Frailty (noun), thy name is woman.” → ‡n Qjbvgqx (webóKvix), †Zvgvi Aci
bvg bvix| n¨vg‡jU cÖwZ‡kva MÖn‡Y Zrci nq wKš‘ Claudius Gi Aciva m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ bv
n‡q n¨vg‡jU Zvi weiæ‡× †Kv‡bv c`‡ÿc wb‡Z Pvb bv| ZvB n¨vg‡jU cvM‡ji Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g
ivRv
K¬vwWqvm‡K m‡PZbfv‡e ch©‡eÿY K‡i wbwðZ nq †h †mB Zvi wcZvi nZ¨vKvix| Zvi PvPv
Claudius- B †h Zvi wcZvi nZ¨vKvix Zv wbwðZ nevi Rb¨ n¨vg‡jU Zvi eÜz ‡nvivwkIi
mnvqZvq
Ô`¨v gvW©vi Ae MbRv‡MvÕ (The Murder of Gonzago) bv‡g GKwU bvU‡Ki Av‡qvRb K‡i
Ges Claudius Gi gvbwmK Ae¯’v †`‡L eyS‡Z cv‡i Zvi PvPvB Zvi evevi nZ¨vKvix I cÖK…Z
Acivax|
wKšÍy †m cÖwZ‡kva MÖn‡Y Kvj‡ÿcY Ki‡Z _v‡K| Polonius (c‡jvwbqvm) ivRvi mv‡_ lohš¿
K‡i n¨vg‡jU‡K Bsj¨v‡Û nZ¨v Ki‡Z Pvq| me‡k‡l Ophelia cvwb‡Z Wz‡e, Hamlet Gi gv
Gertrude welcv‡b, Claudius Hamlet Gi nv‡Z Ges Hamlet Zvi wcÖqZgv Ophelia-i
fvB Laertes Gi nv‡Z g„ZÿeiY K‡i| Gfv‡eB we‡qvMvšÍK cwiYwZ †b‡g Av‡m `ywU AwfRvZ
cwiev‡i|
GKB KiæY Kvwnbx wek^‡K Rvbv‡Z †eu‡P wQ‡jv ïay Horatio.

“To be or not to be that is the question” –Hamlet.
wet `ªt Hamlet Gi kvwãK A_© †QvU MÖvg (A Small village that doesn’t have its own
church) .
King Lear King Lear bvUKwU William Shakespeare Gi GKwU weL¨vZ Uªv‡RwW|
welqe¯Íy: GKRb J×Z¨ ivRvi KiæY Kvwnbx G bvU‡Ki g~j welqe¯Íy|
Main Characters:
King Lear (wKs wjqvi) → Protagonist (bvqK) Ges Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivRv|
Goneril (M‡bwij) → myweav‡fvMx Ges wek^vmNvZK| King Lear Gi eo †g‡q|
Regan (wiMvb) → myweav‡fvMx Ges wek^vmNvZK| King Lear Gi ‡g‡Sv †g‡q|
Cordelia (K‡W©wjqv) → myweavewÂZ wKšÍy wek^¯Í| King Lear Gi †QvU †g‡q|
Gloucester (Møy‡P÷vi) → ivRv wjqv‡ii AbyMZ wWD‡Ki wb¤œ càvix e¨w³ Ges GWgÛ I
GWMv‡ii evev|
Edmund (GWgÛ) → LjbvqK (Antagonist). Gloucester Gi A‰ea mšÍvb|
Edgar (GWMvi) → Gloucester Gi ‰ea mšÍvb|
Kvwnbx ms‡ÿc:
weª‡U‡bi `vw¤¢K ivRv Lear ‡`k kvm‡bi `vqfvi †_‡K gyw³ ‡c‡Z Zvui ivR¨‡K wZb Kb¨v (eo
†g‡q Goneril, †g‡Sv †g‡q Regan ,‡QvU †g‡q Cordelia) Gi g‡a¨ fvM K‡i w`‡Z
‡P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ AvMgyn~‡Z©, wZwb hvPvB Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb ivRKb¨viv Zuv‡K †K KZUyKz
fv‡jvev‡m| ZvB ivRv avivevwnKfv‡e wZb †g‡q‡K cÖkœ Ki‡j eo †g‡q Goneril Ges †g‡Sv
†g‡q Regan Zv‡ì PvUz ev‡K¨ ivRv‡K mš‘ó K‡i Ges †gvU m¤úwËi wZb fv‡Mi `yB fvM AR©b
K‡i| wKšÍy QvU †g‡q Cordelia-i Rev‡e ivRv mšÍyó n‡Z cvi‡jbbv| Cordelia-i Reve wQ‡jv
“My heart into my mouth; I love your majesty, according to my bond, no
more no less” A_©vr, K‡W©wjqv e‡j,Ò Avwg Avgvi evev‡K ZZUv fv‡jvevwm GKRb †g‡q
wn‡m‡e evev‡K hZUv fv‡jvevmv DwPZ|Ó Avm‡j †m eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Q †m ivRv‡K KZUzKz fv‡jvev‡m
Zv K_vi gva¨‡g ev k‡ã †evSv‡bv m¤¢e bq| Ggb DË‡i ivRv Cordelia ‡K Zuvi cÖvc¨ m¤úwË
†_‡K ewÂZ K‡ib| Cordelia Gi mv‡_ d«v‡Ýi ivRvi Av‡M †_‡KB we‡qi K_v cvKvcvwK wQ‡jv
Ges d«v‡Ýi ivRv mewKQz ‡R‡b ï‡b Zv‡K we‡q K‡i France wb‡q G P‡j hvq| cieZx©‡Z eo
`yB †g‡qi cÖK…Z †Pnviv dz‡U D‡V| eo †g‡q Goneril Ges †g‡Sv †g‡q Regan, Gloucester
Gi A‰ea mšÍvb Edmund Gi cÖ‡ivPbvq King Lear ‡K ivR¨ †_‡K ‡ei K‡i †`q| ivR¨
nvwi‡q eyS‡jb †K Zuv‡K mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© fv‡jvev‡m| wZwb cvMj n‡q hvb| NUbv cÖev‡n mK‡ji
g„Zy¨ nq Ges Goneril Gi ¯^vgx Duke of Albany I Gloucester Gi ‰ea mšÍvb Edgar
iv‡Rï `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i| Gfv‡eB ivRv‡K Zvi Rxeb w`‡q fz‡ji cÖvqwðË Ki‡Z n‡qwQj|
Ae‡k‡l ivRvi Dw³- “I am a man, more sinned against than sinning”. (Avwg hZUv
Aciva K‡iwQ Zvi †P‡q Avgvi mv‡_ †ewk m‡qwQ|)
Shakespeare’s plays (Comedies)
Title Setting(NUbv¯’j) Main charaters Plot summary
All’s Well that France/Italy Bertram (Count of Rousillon), Woman finally
Ends Well Countress of Rousillon, Duke wins love of her
of Florence, King of France husband.
As You Like It Arden Forest Celia, Duke Frederick, Duke Rosalind and her
Senior, Oliver, Orlando, family live in
Rosalind Arden Forest.
The Comedy of Ephasus Adriana, Aegeon, Amelia, Twins separated in

Errors Antipholus of Ephasus, youth search for
Antipholus of Syracuse, Pinch, each other.
Solinus (Duke of Ephasus)
Love’s Labours Navarre Aridano de Armado, Boyet, King tries to avoid

lost Don Princess of France, women, but
Jaquenetta, Mercade, Vncentio succumbs.
Measure for Vienna Angelo, Claudio, Francica , Deputy tries to

Measure Isabella, Juliet, Mariana. enforce fornication
The Merchant of Venice Antonio, Bassanio, Jessica, law.
Money-lender
Venice Portia, Prince of Aragon, demands a pound
Prince of Morocco, Shylock of flesh.
The Merry England Anne Page, Dr. Cauis, Falstaff Man foiled trying
Wives of (Sir John), Fenton, Mr. Ford, to dupe women of
Windsor Mrs. Ford, Mr. Page, Mrs. money.
A Midsummer Athens Page
Bottom, Demetrius, Egeus, One wedding ends
Night’s Dream Helena, Hermia, Hippolyta, up three weddings.
Lysander,Theseus, Titania
Much Ado about Aragon Beatrice, Benedick, Claudio, Two couples and
Nothing Don Juan, Don Pedro, Hero their tales of
marriage.
Shakespeare’s plays (Tragedies)
Title Setting (NUbv¯’j) Main charaters Themes

King Lear Ancient Britain King Lear, Goneril, Rega, The downfall of
Cordelia, Edmund , Edgar. an arrogant King.
Hamlet Denmark Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, Mysterious death,
Ophelia, Polonius. Rhetoric and
Power .
Macbeth Scotland Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, The world as a
Duncan, stage .
Othello Venice Macduff, Malcon, Three
Othello,Desdemona, Iago,Witches. Fatal consequence
Emilia, of doubt.
Cassio.
Romio and Juliet Italy (Verona Romio, Juliet, Tybalt, Mercutio, A tragedy of
and Mantua) Friar Laurence. eternal love.
Julius Caesar Rome Brutus , Julius Caesar , Antony, The dilemma of
Cassius, Calpurnia, Flavius. loyalty and also
demonstrates the
dark sides of
human nature.
Antony and Roman Empire Mark Antony, Cleaopetra, Honor , Loyality
Cleapatra Lepidus, Octavia, Enobarbus. and betrayal.
“Under the Greenwood Tree” KweZv †_‡K wek^we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿvmn Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK cixÿvq cÖkœ
Av‡m| ZvB Avgiv KweZvwU evsjv A_© + mvi-ms‡ÿcmn we¯ÍvwiZ coe|
g~j KweZv evsjv Abyev`

meyR Ai‡Y¨ Mv‡Qi wb‡P
Under the Greenwood Tree Ñ DBwjqvg †kKm&wcqi
-William Shakespeare meyR Ai‡Y¨ Mv‡Qi wb‡P
Under the greenwood tree †h fv‡jvev‡m ï‡Z Avgvi mv‡_ ,
Who loves to lie with me, Ges †h Zvi Avb‡›ì Mvb MvB‡e
And turn his merry note wgwó cvwLi mv_ KÉ wgwj‡q,
Unto the sweet bird’s throat, GLv‡b G‡mv, GLv‡b G‡mv, G‡mv GLv‡bB,
Come hither, come hither, come hither: GLv‡b †m †`L‡Z cv‡e
Here shall he see †Kvb kÎæ †bB
No enemy wKš‘ ˆkZ¨ Avi iæÿ AvenvIqv|
But winter and rough weather. †K D”PvKv•ÿvi Zvobv Gwo‡q,
Who doth ambition shun, fv‡jv‡e‡m euvP‡e †iŠ‡`ªi Av‡jv‡Z|
And loves to live ‘the sun’ ‡LvivK †Luv‡R †m Ki‡e †fvR,
Seeking the food he eats, Ges cwiZ…ß nq hv cv‡e ZvB wb‡q|
And pleas’d with what he gets GLv‡b G‡mv, GLv‡b G‡mv, G‡mv GLv‡bB,
Come hither, come hither, come hither: GLv‡b †m †`L‡Z cv‡e
Here shall he see †Kvb kÎæ †bB
No enemy wKš‘ ˆkZ¨ Avi iæÿ AvenvIqv|
But winter and rough weather.
KweZvi mvi-ms‡ÿct Kwe DBwjqvg †kKm&wcqi ÔUnder the greenwood treeÕ KweZvq MÖx‡®§i Qvqvgq meyR e‡bi
g‡bvgy»Ki cÖkvwšÍi K_v eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges †jvK‡ì‡K †mLv‡b †hvM w`‡Z Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| Kwe †mB mv‡_ g‡b Kwi‡q †`b
†h, ˆkZ¨ Avi iæÿ Rjevqy Qvov GLv‡b mewKQzB Dc‡fvM¨| Kwe e‡j‡Qb hviv kvwšÍ Luy‡R †c‡Z Pvq Zviv ‡hb meyR Ai‡Y¨
Mv‡Qi wb‡P Av‡m, Zviv GLv‡b cv‡e eÜz‡Z¡i †Quvqv Avi Abvwej myL| Z‡e Qvqvgq e‡bi kvwšÍ Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cvw_©e me
wPšÍv I D”PwejvwmZv‡K Z¨vM K‡i Avm‡Z n‡e| Kwe G KweZvq kn‡ii Rxe‡bi †Kvjvnj I Kg©e¨¯ÍZvi cwie‡Z© mnR-mij
wKš‘ kvwšÍc~Y© Rxe‡bi Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb|
“Shall I Compare Thee” KweZv †_‡K cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK cixÿvq wewfbœfv‡e cÖkœ Av‡m| ZvB Avgiv KweZvwU evsjv
A_© + mvi-ms‡ÿcmn we¯ÍvwiZ coe|
Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day k¨vj AvB Kg‡cqvi w` Uz G mvgvim †W
-William Shakespeare - DBwjqvg ‡kKm&wcqi
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Avwg wK Zz j bv Kie MÖx‡®§i w`‡bi mv‡_ †Zvgvq?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate. †Zvgvi †mŠ›`h© Av‡iv †ewk my›ì Av‡iv ‡ewk ¯’vqx G
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of aivq;
May, nVvr `gKv nvIqv bó K‡i my›ì †g dz‡ji Kuywo,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. KZ bv ¯^íKv‡j dzivq MÖx®§Kv‡ji gvayix ;
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, KL‡bv ¯^M© Pÿzmg m~h© cÖLi DòZvq wKiY †`q,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed; Avevi KL‡bv †mvbviO nVvr nvivq;
And every fair from fair sometime declines, Avi me †mŠ›`h©B GK`v nvwi‡q hvq wcÖqZgv,
By chance, or nature’s changing course, ˆ`‡ei e‡m wKsev cÖK…wZi A‡gvN wjjvq;
untrimmed; wKš‘ Abvw` MÖx†®§i kvk^Z †hŠeb Zzwg, n‡e bv †Kvbw`b
But thy eternal summer shall not fade, gwjb
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, †Zvgvi iƒc _vK‡e †Zvgvi gv‡SB wPiw`b|
Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his g„Zzï `vw¤¢KZv e¨_© †Zvgvq XvK‡Z Zvi Qvqvq,
shade, w`b hv‡e Zzwg i‡e fv¯î KweZvq|
When in eternal lines to Time thou grow'st. hZw`b wb‡e k¦vm gvbyl, †`L‡e †Pv‡Li Zvivq ,
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, ZZw`b euvP‡e GB KweZv Avi G KweZv Rxeb w`‡e
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. †Zvgvq|
KweZvi mvi-ms‡ÿct gnvKwe DBwjqvg †kKm&wcqi Zuvi Kwe-Rxe‡b 154wU m‡bU KweZv wj‡L‡Qb| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g 126wU
m‡b‡Ui g‡a¨ GKwU my›ì hye‡Ki iƒ‡ci eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| k¨vj AvB Kg‡cqvi w` Uz G mvgvim †W ev m‡bU-18 †Z wZwb GK
my›ì hye‡Ki iƒ‡ci my›ì eY©bvi gva¨‡g Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi eY©bv g‡Z GUv ¯úó †h, Bsj¨v‡Ûi MÖx®§Kvj me‡P‡q my›ì
GKwU mgq| KviY Kwe cÖ_‡gB Zuvi eÜzi ‡mŠ›`h©†K GB MÖx®§Kv‡ji †mŠ›`‡h©i mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb wKš‘ c‡ivÿ‡YB wZwb
Avevi MÖx®§Kv‡ji wecixZag©x Qwe AsKb K‡i‡Qb, e‡j‡Qb Avgvi eÜzi †mŠ›`h© MÖx®§Kv‡ji †P‡q A‡bK my›ì, A‡bK AwePj|
ZvB wZwb Zv‡K Avi MÖx®§Kv‡ji mv‡_ Zzjbv Ki‡Z ivwR bb| ZvQvov MÖx®§Kv‡ji ˆ`N©¨ `xN© bq, el©v Avmvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡K
we`vq wb‡q P‡j †h‡Z nq| Kwe Av‡iv e‡jb, MÖx®§Kv‡j KL‡bv KL‡bv m~‡h©i cÖPÐ Zv‡c †hb mewKQz cy‡o hvq, gwjb n‡q
hvq MÖx‡®§i cÖK„Z †mŠ›`h©| Avevi KL‡bv w`‡bi †ejvq †g‡N AvKvk †X‡K hvq, Pvwiw`K AÜKvi n‡q hvq| wKš‘ Kwei eÜzi
†mŠ›`h© KL‡bvB ¤øvb n‡ebv| ZvB Zuvi eÜz‡K MÖx®§Kv‡ji †mŠ›`‡h©i mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv hvq bv KviY †m †Zv Agi| Kwei wek^vm
Zuvi eÜzi †mŠ›`‡h©i eY©bv Zvui KweZvq ¯’vb ‡c‡q‡Q Ges GB KweZv gvbyl AvRxeb co‡e| ZvB m‡MŠi‡e Kwe K‡i‡Qb, Zuvi
eÜz‡K Rxeb †Ìqv n‡q‡Q GB KweZvi gva¨‡g| ZvB g„Zz¨ GLv‡b wbR©xe, †m cvi‡e bv Zvi Rxeb †K‡o wb‡Z| ‡m GB
KweZvi gva¨‡g †eu‡P _vK‡e Abvw` AbšÍKvj| Gfv‡e wZwb GB KweZvq my›ì hye‡Ki iƒc Agi I gwngvwš^Z K‡i‡Qb|
A. The Restoration Period (cybtcÖwZôvi hyM ,1660-1700)

1660 wLªt †_‡K ïiæ n‡q 1700 wLªt ch©šÍ †gvU 40 eQi‡K Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï The Restoration Period ejv nq| G
hy‡Mi Ggb bvgKib Kiv nq KviY Charlers II †K ÿgZvq Aw`wôZ Kivi gva¨‡g ivRZš¿ cybt cÖwZôvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Bs‡iwR
mvwnZ¨ PP©vi HwZnÏ cybiæ×vi (Restore) Kiv nq| G hy‡M John Milton Gi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© iPbvi Rb¨ GB hyM‡K
The Age of Milton e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv nq| Avevi Kwe-cÖvewÜK-bvU¨Kvi John Dryden cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i‡Qb e‡j
A‡b‡K GB hyMUv‡K The Age of Dryden e‡jI AwfwnZ K‡i _v‡Kb|
GB hy‡Mi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© êwkó¨¸‡jv n‡jv-

➢ 1660 mv‡j Charlers II Gi bvgvbymv‡i G hy‡Mi bvgKiY Kiv nq|
➢ G hy‡Mi mvwn‡Zï cÖavb êwkó¨ wQj Satirical (e¨½vZ¥K)|
➢ 1662 mv‡j weÁvbx m¨vi AvBR¨vK wbDU‡bi wewfbœ Avwe®‹vi|
➢ Bsj¨v‡Û wkívqb (Industrialization) ïiæ|
➢ GB hy‡M `ywU political party MwVZ nq:
1) Whig- against the king (miKvi we‡ivax `j)
2) Tory- on the favour of king ( miKvi mg_©bKvix `j)
➢ 1695 mv‡j gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv Ges QvcvLvbv Db¥y³KiY BZ¨vw`|
➢ Richard Cromwell-Gi cZ‡bi ci England-Gi †jv‡Kiv Caroline hy‡Mi ivRv Charles I-Gi cyÎ Charles
II ‡K wmsnvm‡b emvb| GB wmsnvmb D×vi (Restoration) ‡_‡K G hy‡Mi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
➢ 1697-1712 mv‡j evsjvi my‡e`vi kvnRv`v AvwRgym-kvb kvmbKv‡j B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb myZvbwU, KwjKvZv I †Mvwe›`cyi
GB wZbwU MÖv‡g Rwg`vix mb` jvf K‡i| Rb Pvb©‡Ki cÖ‡Póvq KwjKvZv e›ì I kn‡ii wfwË cÖ¯Íi ¯’vwcZ nq| 1698
mv‡j B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb KwjKvZvq †dvU© BDwjqvg `~M© ¯’vcb K‡i|
Restoration hy‡Mi K‡qKRb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvwnwZ¨K:
John Milton (Rb wgëb ,1608-1674)
Zuvi Dcvwamg~n:
➢ Epic Poet (weL¨vZ gnvKwe) (evsjvi wgëb ejv nq †ngP›`ª‡K)
➢ Zuv‡K ejv nq Blind Poet .
➢ Great master of verse.
➢ Zuv‡K †iu‡bmv hy‡Mi me©‡kl gnvKweI ejv nq| John Milton
Zuvi weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨Kg©:

 Epics (gnvKve¨) ➢ Paradise Lost (1667)
➢ Paradise Regained (1671)
AÜ Ae¯’vq †j‡Lb
 Elegy poem (‡kvKMxwZ) ➢ Lycidas (1637) Kwei eÜz Edward King Gi g„Zz¨ wb‡q †jLv|
➢ On Shakespeare
 Poems (KweZv) ➢ On the Blindness (Sonnet)
➢ On the Late Massacre (Sonnet)
➢ On the morning of Christ’s Nativity (1629): 1st Poem
 Tragic Drama ➢ Samson Agonistes (1671)
 Prose (M`¨) ➢ Areopagitica
 Sonnet ➢ O Nightingale
 Essay (cÖeÜ) ➢ Of Education (1645)
Zuvi weL¨vZ Dw³mg~n: ‡Kv‡Ukb cvU© †`Lyb|

Paradise Lost Gi Kvwnbx ms‡ÿc: GwU John Milton Gi GKwU †ivgvw›UK gnvKve¨| Paradise Lost ‡K Bs‡iR
Kwe John Milton Gi †kÖô gnvKve¨ ejv n‡q _v‡K|
welqe¯Íy: Paradise Lost Gi g~j welqe¯Íy n‡jv Bible.
Theme: To justify the way of God to man (gvby‡li cÖwZ mªóvi `„wófw½ cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| g~jZ Ggb c_
AbymiY Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q hv Ck^‡ii Kv‡Q gvby‡li Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi n‡e|)
Main Characters:
Adam → RM‡Zi cÖ_g gvbyl| Avw` wcZv I Eve Gi ¯^vgx|
Eve → Eve n‡”Q Avw` gvZv| Adam Gi ¯¿x|
Satan → Antagonist, we‡`ªvnx †d‡imZvM‡Yi cÖavb, hv‡K ¯^M© †_‡K weZvwiZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Mammon → evB‡e‡ji g‡Z Zv‡K m¤ú‡ì cÖZxK ejv nq|
Kvwnbx ms‡ÿc:
evB‡e‡j ewY©Z Adam I Eve KZ…©K wbwl× dj Avnvi Kivi ìæb ¯^M© †_‡K weZvwoZ nIqvi Kvwnbx wb‡q GB gnvKve¨wU
iwPZ n‡q‡Q| 1658 †_‡K 1664 mv‡ji g‡a¨ iPbv K‡ib Paradise Lost. Paradise Lost Gi Book msL¨v 12 wU
(12wU m‡M© iwPZ)| GwU gy³ Q‡›` iwPZ gnvKve¨ hv 1667 mv‡j 10wU L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ n‡jI 1674 mv‡j 2q L‡Û ms¯‹i‡Y
GwU 12 L‡Û cÖKvwkZ nq| kqZvb Ck^‡ii weiæ‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡i Ges wb‡Ri c‡ÿ Angel ‡K AšÍf~©³ K‡i| Ckî kqZvb
I Zvi m½x‡ì‡K ¯^M© †_‡K bi‡K wb‡ÿc Ki‡j Zviv Ck^‡ii weiæ‡× hy‡×i cÖ¯ÍywZ †bq| Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ kqZvb e³…Zv
†`q| bvUKwU‡Z kqZv‡bi GKwU weL¨vZ Dw³: “Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven.” (¯^‡M© `vmZ¡
Kivi †P‡q bi‡K ivRv nIqv AwaKZi fv‡jv)| ewY©Z Kv‡e¨ Adam I Eve Gi NUbv _vK‡jI g~jZ GLv‡b Ckî I
kqZv‡bi weev`‡K †K›`ª K‡iB g~j Kvwnbx AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| Milton ivRZ‡š¿i `y:mn e¨v_v wb‡q Ck^‡ii wewa-weavb‡K
¯§iY K‡i‡Qb| “To justify the way of God to man”.
Paradise Regained: GwU 4 (Pvi) L‡Ð wef³| G Kve¨wU c~e©eZx© Paradise Lost Gi cwic~iK Ask| D‡jøL¨,
Paradise Lost I Paradise Regained Kve¨ `ywU Kwe AÜ Ae¯’vq wj‡LwQ‡jb|
Quick Memory Tips: Rb wgë‡bi weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨Kg© g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj: SP Lycides
S= Samson Agonistes
P= Paradise Lost; Paradise Regained
Lycides= Lycides.
John Keats (Rb KxU&m ,1795-1821)
Zuvi Dcvwamg~n:
➢ Poet of Beauty (‡mŠ›`‡h©ï Kwe)
➢ Poet of Sensuousness (Bw›`ªqcivqYZvi Kwe)
➢ A Pure Poet (LuvwU/weï×Zvi Kwe)
➢ Man of Medicine (wPwKrmvwe` )
John Keats m¤ú‡K© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨:

➢ Keats wQ‡jb Romantic Kwe‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q Young.
➢ wZwb wQ‡jb Worshipper of Beauty (‡mŠ›`‡h©ï c~Rvix)
➢ Zuv‡K ejv nq Poet of beauty ÔwPimy›`‡ii KweÕ|
➢ Keats Gi Kvwe¨K RMZUv‡K we‡klvwqZ Kiv hvq- Sensuousness, Hellenism, negative capability,
aestheticism Ges escapism wn‡m‡e|
➢ Keats AwaK cwiwPZ Zvi Sense of beauty Gi Rb¨|
➢ Negative capability: It means the ability to keep one aloof from one’s poetry.
➢ Keats gvÎ 26 eQi eq‡m h²v (Tuberculosis-T.B) †iv‡M gviv hvb|
 Poems (1817)
 Endymion (1818)
Poetry  Lamia and other poems (1820)
 Isabella (1820)
 Hyperion (1820)
 Ode to a Nightingale (IW Uz bvBwUs‡Mj)
 Ode on a Grecian urn (IW Ab G †MÖwmqvb Avb©)
 Ode on Melancholy (IW Ab †gjvbKwj)
Poems
 Ode to Autumn (IW Uz AUvg)
 Ode to Psyche
 Ode to Fancy
Sonnet  On First looking into Chapman’s Homer (1816)
Quick Memory Tips:

Keats Gi Poems g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj: MEGH NILA
MEGH NILA
M = Melancholy N = Nightingale
E = Endymion I = Isabella
G = Grecian Urn L = Lamia
H = Hyperion A = Autumn
Zuvi weL¨vZ Dw³: ‡Kv‡Ukb cvU© †`Lyb|
wb‡¤œ John Keats Gi weL¨vZ KweZvmg~‡ni Askwe‡kl e½vbyev` + KweZvi mvi-ms‡ÿc †Ìqv n‡jv|
Ode on Grecian Urn IW Ab G †MÖ w mqvb Avb©
–– John Keats –– Rb wKUm
When old age shall this generation waste, hLb Avm‡e e„×Kvj, eskvwj wb‡e we`vq
Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe ZLbI Zzwg †gv‡ì c‡iI A‡bï †e`bvq i‡e weivRgvb
Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou gvby‡li eÜz i‡e Avi i‡e Zzwg
say'st, my›ìB mZ¨, mZ¨B my›ì , GB †kl K_v
“Beauty is truth, truth beauty,"—that is all g‡Z©ï Rv‡bv mevB, Rvbvi ìKvi ZvB|
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.”
KweZvi mvi-ms‡ÿc t Kwe Rb wKUm& Zuvi weL¨vZ MxwZ KweZv Ò Ode on Grecian Urn Ó KweZvq cÖvPxb wMÖ‡mi
KviæKvh©gq GKwU f®§vav‡ii ˆkwíK w`KwU eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb: “Life is short but art is long” (gvby‡li Rxeb
bkî wKš‘ wkí Awebkî,k^vkZ|) Kwe g‡b K‡ib, GB f®§vav‡I AswKZ n‡q‡Q cÖvPxb wMÖ‡mi ‡jvKMuv_v, cÖvPxb
Av‡K©wWqvi cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©| Av‡K©wWqv cÖvPxb wMÖ‡mi GKwU AÂj|
Ode on Melancholy IW Ab †gjvbKwj
She dwells with Beauty—Beauty that must ‡m (wcÖqvi) Ae¯’vb †mŠ›`‡h©i gv‡S-†mŠ›`‡h©i giY n‡e
die; wbðq
And Joy, whose hand is ever at his lips Avi Avb›`, hvi nvZ _v‡K †Vvu‡Ui Dc‡i|
Bidding adieu; and aching Pleasure nigh, cÖ¯‘wZ †bq we`vq Rvbv‡Z Zxeª †e`bv Ae¯’vb †bq
Turning to poison while the bee-mouth sips: KvQvKvwQ
cy‡®ú c‡o _v‡K wel †gŠgvwQ gay †U‡b †bevi ci;
KweZvi mvi-ms‡ÿc t Kwe Rb wKUm& Zuvi weL¨vZ MxwZ KweZv Ò Ode on Melancholy Ó KweZvq myL I `yt‡Li
wewfbœ w`K bvbv Dcgv I iæc‡Ki gva¨‡g Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Kwe e‡j‡Qb `ytLev`xiv ïay `ytL Luy‡R †eovq wKš‘ Zviv Rv‡bbv
†h `yt‡Li mvM‡i AeMvnb K‡iB myL‡K wQwb‡q Avb‡Z nq| wZwb e‡jb, mwZ¨Kvi †h †e`bv‡eva †mwU Ae¯’vb K‡i
G‡Kev‡i
Ode to myAutumn
L †fv‡Mi gwa¨Lv‡b| IW Uz IUvg
Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, Kzqvkv Avi imv‡jv dj djvwÌ wgó FZz
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; Zzwg Nwbó wcÖqmx m~‡q©i ;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless AvMgb †Zvgvi dw›` K‡i †Kg‡b Ki‡e imv‡jv Avi
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves Avwk©ev` cyó
run; Kzu‡o N‡ii Qov‡bv jZv, wN‡i Av‡Q Av½y‡ii Øviv;
KweZvi mvi-ms‡ÿc t wZb ¯Íe‡Ki G KweZvq Kwe Rb wKUm& kir FZz‡K bvbv iyc êwP‡Î¨ my›ìfv‡e dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb|
GB KweZvq cÖ_‡g Kwe kir FZzi ¯^vfvweK Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Gici wØZxq ¯Íe‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, kir Avi †Kvb FZz
bq eis †m ZLb †`Lv hvq bvixiæ‡c Ges em‡šÍi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i Kwe e‡jb-
Where are the songs of spring? Ay, Where are they? (‡Kv_vq AvR emšÍ m½xZ? I‡n,Zviv †Kv_vq?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,( ‡f‡evbv GK`g Zv‡ì, †ZvgviI i‡q‡Q †miKg nvRviI Mvb
gb Kvov,)
hv‡nvK,
On First GwULooking
GKwU ‡kvKMvu
into_vChapman's
KweZv hv KweHomer
kir‡K Dcjÿ K‡iB Ab iPbv
dv÷ K‡i‡Qb|
jywKs Bb Uy P¨vcg¨vbÕm †nvgvi
Much have I travell'd in the realms of gold, A‡bK Ny‡iwQ Avwg ¯^Y©gwÛZ bvbv iv‡R¨,
And many goodly states and kingdoms seen; ‡`‡LwQ A‡bK ivR¨, Rbc`, †mŠ›`‡h©i cÖKvk;
Round many western islands have I been Ny‡iwQ `~i cwð‡gi KZ bv Øx‡c
Which bards in fealty to Apollo hold. †m_v KZ bv Kwe‡ì evm A¨v‡cv‡jvi AvIZvq|
KweZvi mvi-ms‡ÿc t Kwe Rb wKUm& Zuvi “On First Looking into Chapman's Homer” KweZvq RR©
P¨vcg¨vb KZ…©K Ab~w`Z †nvgv‡ii gnvKve¨ cvV K‡i ixwZg‡Zv wew¯§Z| KweZvi ïiæ‡ZB wZwb e‡jb, wZwb A‡bK eY©vW¨
ivR¨ cwiågY K‡i‡Qb, Ny‡i †`‡L‡Qb KZbv ØxccyÄ, A‡bK Rbc‡_i †mŠ›`h© Ae‡jvKb K‡i‡Qb `yÕ‡PvL f‡i wKš‘
G‡ZvUv gy» nbwb hZUv n‡q‡Qb †nvgvii Abyev` cvV K‡i|
Figure of Speech:
✓ Much have I travell'd in the realms of gold – Metaphor.
‡R‡b ivLv fvj:
Title Name
A poet who was professionally known as a man of medicine John Keats
A poet who was clergyman by profession George Herbert
A police officer in Burma of the Indian sub-continent George Orwell
Elizabeth Barrett Browning (GwjRv‡e_ e¨v‡iU eªvDwbs ,1806-1861)

Elizabeth Barret Browning m¤ú‡K© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨:
➢ Elizabeth Barret Browning n‡jb wf‡±vwiqvb hy‡Mi weL¨vZ bvix mvwnwZ¨K|
➢ wZwb weL¨vZ Kwe Robert Browning Gi ¯¿x|
➢ eªvDwbs Gi mv‡_ Zvi †cÖg I weev‡ni Kvwnbx mvwn‡ZÏ BwZnv‡mi cvZvq
Awe¯§iYxqfv‡e ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Poems  How do I love thee GwU Zuvi weL¨vZ KweZv|
 Sonnets from Portuguses
 Consolation
 Grief
 Lost Mistress
Novel  Aurora leigh

How Do I Love Thee? (Sonnet 43) ‡Kg‡b †Zvgvq evwm‡Mv fv‡jv ?
Elizabeth Barrett Browning GwjRv‡e_ e¨v‡iU eªvDwbs
How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. KZUv fv‡jvevwm †Zvgvq? Ki‡Z `vI Zvi wn‡me Avgvq|
I love thee to the depth and breadth and ‡Zvgvq Avwg fv‡jvevwm Mfxifv‡e, wbtk^v‡m-cÖk^v‡m Avi
height ZZUv D”PZvq| Avgvi AvZ¥v _v‡K †Zvgvi cv‡k, h‡e hvI
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight `„wói Avov‡j
For the ends of being and ideal grace. Avgvi mg¯Í mË¡v Luy‡R wd‡i †Zvgvi Av`k© Avi gvqvRvj|
I love thee to the level of every day's ‡Zvgvq fv‡jvevwm ZZ, †eu‡P _vK‡Z wRwb‡mi cÖ‡qvRb
Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. hZ;
I love thee freely, as men strive for right. hv GKvšÍB cÖ‡qvRb Rxeb c‡_, kc_ Kwi w`b Avi iv‡Zi
I love thee purely, as they turn from praise. |
I love thee with the passion put to use fv‡jvevwm †Zvgvq ¯^vaxbfv‡e, †hgb gvbyl jovB K‡i
In my old griefs, and with my childhood's AwaKv‡ii Z‡i
faith. fv‡jvevwm †Zvgvq mwZ¨Kv‡i, †hgb K‡i Zviv cÖksmv K‡i
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose wd‡i
With my lost saints. I love thee with the fv‡jvevwm †Zvgvq †mB mZ¨ Av‡eM wb‡q
breath, ‡hgb mZ¨ Avgvi eva©‡Kï e¨_v Avi evj¨Kv‡ji wek^vm|
Smiles, tears, of all my life; and, if God fv‡jvevwm †Zvgvq, †hb AvcvZ nvwi‡q †djv fv‡jvevmv
choose, e‡j
I shall but love thee better after death. ¯ªóvi fv‡jvevmvq- wbtk^v‡m fv‡jvevwm †Zvgvq,
nvwm‡Z evwm, evwm Kvbœvq fv‡jv, evwm AvRxeb awi! hw`
Ckî Pvq
gi‡Yi c‡iI Av‡iv †ewk fv‡jvevme †Zvgvq|
KweZvi mvi- ms‡ÿc t Òm‡bU 43Ó GwjRv‡e_ e¨v‡iU eªvDwbs Gi 1847 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ Òm‡bUm& d«g w` ciZzMxRÓ Kve¨MÖš’
†_‡K †bIqv| wZwb GB Kv‡eï 44wU m‡bU ievU© eªvDwbs‡K wN‡iB iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi cÖwZwU m‡b‡Ui gv‡S dz‡U D‡V‡Q
Zuvi Zuvi ¯^vgxi cÖwZ Zuvi Mfxi kÖ×v I fw³ I AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmvi wbweoZg cÖKvk|
Òm‡bU 43Ó KweZvi gv‡S Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB e¨v‡iU Zuvi ¯^vgx‡K KZUv fv‡jvev‡mb GUv wZwb nVvr K‡iB ej‡Z cvi‡eb
bv| wZwb Zuvi ¯^vgx‡K KZUv fv‡jvev‡mb Gi Rb¨ wn‡me Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Kwe e‡j‡Qb †h, Zuvi Rb¨ fv‡jvevmv Zuvi ü`‡qi
me Lvwb RvqMv Ry‡o weivRgvb| wZwb ¯^vgx‡K wbtk^v‡m-wek^v‡m. Rxe‡b I gi‡Y Mfxifv‡e fv‡jve‡mb| Kwe GUvI e‡j‡Qb
Ckî PvB‡j gi‡Yi c‡iI Zuv‡K fv‡jvevm‡eb|
wZwb Zv‡K †Pv‡Li Avovj n‡jI me mgq †hb cv‡kB cvb, KviY Kwei ü`‡q evm K‡ib Zuvi ¯^vgx| wZwb Zv‡K Zuvi ˆ`bw›`b
Rxe‡bi me KvRK‡g©i gv‡S wewiofv‡e Rwo‡q _v‡Kb| ZvB wZwb w`b I iv‡Zi kc_ K‡i e‡jb, Zuvi Rxe‡b ievU© eªvDwbs
GK AZ¨vek¨Kxq Dcv`vb hv bv n‡j Zuvi c‡ÿ Rxeb aviY K‡i †eu‡P _vKv Am¤¢e| Avi Zuvi cÖwZ Zuvi †h fv‡jvevmv Av‡Q
Zv‡Z †Kvb Awek¦v‡mi †Quvqv †bB eis Zv‡Z Av‡Q evj¨Kv‡ji mijZv Avi wek¦vm| KviY wkgyKvj †_‡K e„×Kvj ch©šÍ Zuv
fv‡jvevmv KL‡bvB ¤øvb n‡e bv| Rxe‡bi nvwm-Kvbœv, Avb›`-‡e`bv, Rxe‡bi me wKQzi mv‡_ wg‡k Av‡Q ievU© eªvDwbs|
ZvB wZwb KweZvi †k‡l wZwb e‡j‡Qb, hw` Ck¦i Pvb Z‡e wZwb Zuvi m¦vgx‡K (ievU© eªvDwbs‡K) g„Zzï c‡iI fv‡jvevm‡eb|
Quotations from Drama /Poetry of different ages
BCS mn AwaKvsk cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK cixÿvq weL¨vZ Bs‡iR Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K Ges gbxlx‡ì Dw³i Dci cÖkœ n‡q _v‡K|
Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ cÖPzi †Kv‡Ukb i‡q‡Q, hv mswÿß cwim‡i †Ìqv m¤¢e bq| William Shakespeare Gi †jLv †_‡K
me‡P‡q †ewk †Kv‡Ukb cvIqv hvq| GQvovI Francis Bacon, Marlowe, Pope, Shelley, Keats, Wordsworth,
Coleridge , John Donne cÖgyL mvwnwZ¨‡Ki weL¨vZ Dw³¸‡jvi Dci we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| ZvB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvwnwZ¨K‡ì
weL¨vZ Dw³ evsjv A_©, DrmMÖš’ I Dw³Kvixi bvgmn ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvovI Quotations from Different
Discipline bv‡g Avjv`v Av‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|
William Shakespeare Gi weL¨vZ Dw³
Source (Drm) Quotation & quoter (Dw³ I Dw³Kvixi bvg )
➢ “I am a man more sinned against than sinning.”
(Avwg hZUv Ab¨vq K‡iwQ Zvi †P‡q †ewk m‡qwQ|) – King Lear
King Lear ➢ “My love is richer than my tongue.” (Avgvi fv‡jvevmv gy‡L †evSv‡bv m¤¢e
bq|) – Cordelia, Lear’s younest daughter
N.B: It is an example of hyperbole.
➢ “Nothing will come of nothing.” (KviY webv Kvh© nq bv)
– Speech of Lear to Cordelia
➢ “How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is to have than thankless child!
” (AK…ZÁ mšÍvb mv‡ci wel `vu‡Zi †P‡qI Zxÿè) – King Lear
➢ Unhappy I am, I can’t heave
My heart into my mouth, I lve your majesty
According to my bond, no more, nor less. (AmyLx Avwg,g‡bi K_v gy‡L ewj‡Z
cvwibv ZvB, fv‡jvevwm Avcbv‡i i‡³i eÜ‡b, Zvi Kg wKsev †ewk bq|)
– Cordelia to King Lear
➢ As flies to wanton boys are we to the Gods-
They kill us for their sport. (gvwQiv D”Q…•Lj †Q‡j‡ì Kv‡Q †hgwb, †Ljv”Q‡j Lyb
K‡i †èZviv Avgv‡ì †Zgwb|) – Glucester.
➢ Ingratitude, thou marble-hearted fiend,
More hideous when thou showest thee in a child
Than a sea monster! (AK…ZÁ mšÍv‡bi cv_y‡i ü`q, mgy‡`ªi ˆ`Z¨ ev wckv‡Pi †P‡qI
wbôzi|) – King Lear to Goneril
➢ “Here I stand your slave,
A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man.”
(GLv‡b ùvwo‡q †Zvgvi `vm, `yf©vMv , RivMÖ¯’, `ye©j I N„wbZ e„‡×i _vm|)
➢ Men must endure
Their going hence even as their coming hither;
Ripeness is all. (hLb wec` Av‡m ZLb ‡Zvgv‡K âh©kxj I AvZ¥ mshgx n‡Z n‡e|)
– Edgar to Gloucester.
➢ Come, let’s away to prison
We two alone will sing like birds I’th cage.
(&G‡mvBbv GKUvbv †K‡U hvK KvivMv‡i
LuvPvq Ave× cvwLi g‡Zv Mvb MvB‡Z nvB‡Z hv‡ev Icv‡i|) – King Lear to
Cordelia
Hamlet ➢ “Frailty (noun), thy name is woman”.(‡n Qjbvgqx (webóKvix), †Zvgvi Av‡iK
bvg bvix) – Prince Hamlet
➢ “There is nothing good or bad but thinking makes it so.” (fv‡jv ev g›`
ej‡Z c„w_ex‡Z wKQzB †bB, wPšÍvB †Kvb wKQz‡K fv‡jv ev g›` evbvq) – Prince Hamlet
➢ “Brevity is the soul of wit” (msw¶ßZv iwmKZvi cÖvY / msw¶ßZv eyw×gËvi g~j)
– Polonius to Claudius
➢ Though this be madness, yet there is method in it. ( ) –
➢ “To be or not to be that is the question.” (GB Dw³wU Øviv gvbe g‡bi
wm×všÍnxbZvi ewn:cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|) – Prince Hamlet
N.B: It is an example of soliloquy.
➢ “A little more than kin, less than kind” (AvZ¥x‡qi †P‡q GKUy ‡ewk Ges mvayi
Zzjbvq Kg) – Prince Hamlet
➢ “When sorrows come, they come not single spies but in battalions.”
(wec` KLbI GKv Av‡m bv) –Claudius to Gertrude
➢ “There are more things in heaven and earth.” (¯^M© I c„w_ex‡Z Av‡iv A‡bK
wRwbm i‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì ¯^cœ I `k©‡b) – Prince Hamlet
➢ “I must be cruel only to be kind;
Thus bad begins and worse remains behind.” (Aek¨B Avwg wbôzi n‡ev
`qvjy nIqvi Rb¨; Zv bv n‡j g›` ïiæ n‡e, g›`Zi i‡e wc‡Q) – Hamlet
➢ O God! O God! How weary stale and unprofitable; seem to me all
the uses of this world.( ‡n Ckî wK K¬vwšÍKi, RivRxY© I wbi_©K mewKQz; cvw_©eZv
†hb †RŠjyknxb, Zey Pwj Qy‡U Gi wcQz|) Hamlet
➢ What is a man ; If this chief good and market of this time
Be but to sleep and feed ? A beast, no more. (wK wb‡q gvbyl gË G f‡e!
†L‡q, Nywg‡qB Aw¯ÍZ¡ †kl, cï bq wK Z‡e?) – Hamlet
➢ “Give every man thine ear, but few thy voice; Take each man's
censure, but reserve thy judgment.”(cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki K_v ‡kvb, wKš‘ Aí †jv‡Ki
mv‡_ e‡jv; cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Aby‡hvM †kvb wKš‘ P‡jv Avcb wePv‡i|)
– Polonius to his son, Laertes
➢ One step forward and two steps backward.(GKcv AvMv‡j `yÕcv wcQvB)
➢ Forty thousand brother’s love
Could not with all their quantity of love
Make up my sum. (Avgvi fv‡jvevmv mywekvj| Pwjøk nvRvi fvB‡qi fv‡jvevmv
GKÎ Ki‡j Avgvi fv‡jvevmvi mgvb n‡ebv|) – Hamlet
Romeo and Juliet ➢ “If love be blind, It best agrees with night.” (hw` fvjevmv nq AÜ, Z‡e ivwÎi
mv‡_ wgZvwjB me‡P‡q fvj) – Juliet
➢ “It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.” (GUv nq c~e©, hw` Rywj‡qU nq m~h©) –
Romeo
➢ “For you and I are past our dancing day.”(Zywg Ges Avwg Avgv‡ì ‡mvbvjx w`b
cvi K‡i G‡mwQ) – Capulet
➢ “Tempt not a desperate man.” (fvev_©t hw` Zzwg Db¥v` gvbyl‡K wei³ K‡iv, Z‡e
Zzwg hv cÖZ¨vkvi †P‡q †ewk k³ cÖwZwµqv †c‡Z cv‡iv) – Romeo
➢ “ What light through yonder window breaks.” (A`~‡ii Rvbvjv Mwj‡q Af‚Zc~e©
Av‡jv †hb wVK‡i c‡o) – Soliloquy of Romeo to Juliet
➢ “ These voilent love delights have violent ends.”(Ggb gvivZ¥K Av‡e‡Mi
fv‡jvevmv Avb›`B wech©‡hi w`‡K avweZ K‡i‡Q|) – Friar Lawrence to Romeo
Julius Caesar ➢ “Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste
of death but once.” (fxiæiv givi Av‡M evi evi g‡i wKš‘ mvnmxiv g‡i GKevi|) –
Julius Caesar to Calpurnia
N.B: It is an example of Paradox .
➢ “Veni, Vidi, Vici”(Avmjvg, †`Ljvg, Rq Kijvg ) – Julius Caesar
N.B: It is an example of Climax.
King Henry ➢ “Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. ” (gyKzU cwiwnZ e¨w³ kvwšÍ‡Z Nygv‡Z
cv‡i bv / ‡h wk‡i gyKyU _v‡K ‡m wki ¯^w¯Í‡Z _v‡K bv|) – King Henry
➢ “Men of few words are the best men.” (¯^ífvlx gvbylB DËg gvbyl)
– Speech of Boy in Henry V
➢ “A man can die but once.” (ïaygvÎ GKeviB g‡i gvbyl, Kvcy‡li Aw¯ÍZ¡ †hb dvbym)
– Feeble
Twelfth Night ➢ “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have
greatness thrust upon them.” ( †KD †KD L¨vwZgvb n‡q Rb¥vq, †KD †KD L¨vwZ
AR©b K‡i Ges Kv‡iv Kv‡iv Dci L¨vwZ Pvwc‡q †`qv nq|) – Malvalio
➢ “All’s well that ends well (that).” (‡kl fvj hvi me fvj Zvi) –Helena, scene
iv
➢ “ If music be the food of love, play on” (hw` ev`¨ nq fvjevmvi Lv`¨, Z‡e
evRvI) – Duke Orsino
➢ “ Love sought is good but unsought is better.” (fv‡jvevmv Luy‡R †bIqv fv†jv
wKš‘ bv PvB‡Z cvIqv Av‡iv fv‡jv) – Olivia
A Midsummer ➢ “ The course of True love never did run smooth.” (mwZ¨Kvi fvjevmvi c_
Night’s Dream KLbI gm„Y nq bv) – Lysander to Hermina
➢ “ Love Looks not with the eyes but with mind.” (hvi mv‡_ hvi g‡R gb, wKev
nvwo wKev †Wvg ) – Helena
➢ “My soul is in the sky.”(gZ©¨ †Q‡o gg AvZœv K‡i ¯^‡M© weiv‡R )- Pyramus
As You Like It ➢ “All the world's a stage
And all the men and women are merely players.” (mgMÖ c„w_exUvB i½gÂ
Ges mKj bi-bvix G g‡Âi Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎx|) – Jaques
➢ “Sweet are the uses of adversity”. (‡h ‡Kv‡bv `y‡h©v‡MI Kj¨vY wbwnZ _v‡K /
K‡ói dj wgwó nq|) – Duke Senior
➢ “To the last gasp with truth and loyalty.” (mZ¨ Ges AvbyM‡Zï mv‡_B †kl
wbtk^vm Z¨vM Kiv ) – Adam
➢ “I’ll have no husband, if you be not he.” (Avgvi †Kvb ¯^vgx _vK‡e bv, hw` bv
ZzwgB †m nI) – Rosalind to Orlando
➢ “ Love is merely a madness.”( fv‡jvevmv DòZv Qvov wK wKQz! Av‡eMx ü‡` avIqv
†bq wcQy !! ) – Rosalind
Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï ivRKwe (Court Poets of England)

Poet Laureate n‡jb †Kvb †`‡ki mfvKwe| ‡MÖU weª‡U‡b, †h mKj Kwe‡ì ivR m¤§vbbv †Ìqv n‡Zv A_©vr, ivRv wKsev
ivwb KZ…©K wbhy³ ivR m¤§vwbZ Kwe‡ì Court Poets of England ejv n‡Zv| Poet Laureate †ì KweZvq RvZxq
Rxe‡bi cÖwZdjb †`Lv hvq| Zuviv RvZxq Rxe‡bi we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`b D`&hvc‡bi Rbª KweZv iPbv K‡ib|
(The poet laureate is the official poet of a country. In Great Britain, a poet appointed for life as
an officer of the royal household, formerly expected to write poems in celebration of court and
national events is called court poet of England.)
wb‡¤œ Zvu‡ì bvg I ZvwjKv †Ìqv n‡jv:
Year Names
1617 Ben Jonson **
1670 John Dryden **
1689 Thomas Shadwell
1785 Thomas Walton
1787 Thomas Gray
1813 Robert Southey
1843 William Wordsworth ***
1850 Lord Alfred Tennyson ***
1896 Alfred Austin
1913 Robert Bridge
1930 John Masefield
KwZcq †jL‡Ki bv‡gi c~Y©iæc (Elaboration of the names of some writers)
Short Names Elaboration of the Names
A.C. Bradley Andrew Cecil Bradley
A.C. Rossetti Andrew Cecil Rossetti
D.G. Rossetti Dante Gabriel Rossetti
D.H. Lawrence David Herbert Lawrence
E.M. Forster Edward Morgan Forster
F.R. Leavis Frank Raymond Leavi
G.B. Shaw George Bernard Shaw
H.G. Wells Herbert George Wells
J.K. Rowling Joanne Kathleen Rowling
J.M. Synge John Millington Synge
M.K. Rowling Marjorie Kinan Rowling
O’ Neill Eugene O’Neill
P.B. Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley
R.L. Stevenson Robert Louis Balfour Stevenso
R.K. Narayan Rasipuram Krishnaswami Narayanswami
S.T.Coleridge Samuel Taylor Coleridge
T.S. Eliot Thomas Stearns Eliot
W.H. Auden Wystan Hugh Auden
W.B.Yeats William Butler Yeats
BPSC Standard-15 Model Tests
Model Test-01
1. Who wrote “A thing of beauty is a joy forever.”?
a. William Wordsworth b. John Keats
c. P B Shelley d. William Shakespeare
2. ‘A Voyage to Lilliput is written by –
a. Thomas Hardy b. S.T. Coleridge
c. Lord Byron d. Jonathan Swift
3. “Youth like summer morn and brave” is an example of --.
a. Metaphor b. Personification
c. Simile d. None
4. Who is the father of modern English Poetry?
a. Cynewulf b. Geoffrey Chaucer
c. Robert Browning d. None of the above
5. Of the following authors, who wrote an epic?
a. John Milton b. Jane Mansfield
c. William Cowper d. Christopher Marlowe
6. Which of the following was not a Romantic poet – ?
a. Tennyson b. William Wordsworth
c. Shelley d. Keats
7. “King Lear” is –
a. Play b. a novel
c. an essay d. a poem
8. What is an Allusion?
a. A kind of old poem b. Literature about children
c. A kind of reference d. A kind of science fiction
9. Who is the author of “Jane Eyre”?
a. Jane Austen b. Charlotte Bronte
c. Virginia Woolf d. Doris Lessing
10. Who is called the “Bard of Avon”?
a. Edmund Spenser b. William Shakespeare
c. Lord Byron d. None of the above
11. Which is the best piece of work by Chaucer?
a. The Utopia b. Canterbury Tales
c. The Faerie Queen d. The Paradise lost.
12. William Shakespeare was born in –
a. 1616 b. 1716
c. 1516 d. 1564
13. The main theme of the poem “ I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.” Is – .
a. Nature exists human imagination b. Nature is harmful for human being
c. Nature is beautiful d. We can find solace in nature
14. “Heart of Darkness” is written by-
a. Joseph Conrad b. James Joyce
c. R.S. Eliot d. Charles Dickens
15. Find the odd- one –out
a. The Sound and the Fury b. As I Lay Dying
c. A View from the Bridge d. Light in August
Answer Key
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
b d c b a a a c b b b d d a c
hviv bZzb wewmG‡m AskMÖnY Ki‡eb Zv‡ì Rb¨ weMZ wewmGm wcÖwji Av`‡i wKQz bgybv cÖkœ wb‡¤œ †Ìqv n‡jvt
Model Test-01: (35Zg wewmGm Gi Av`‡j)
01. The band has a huge ____ in Italy.

a. follow b. fall out
c. follow d. following Ans: d
02. Who wrote the following lines:
“Behold her, single in the field, you solitary Highland lass. Reaping and oinging
by herself; stop here or gently pass.”
a. Wordsworth b. Herrick
c. Shelley d. Keats Ans: a
03. What would be the right synonyne for ‘impromtu’?
a. extempore b. prepared
c. improper d. direct Ans: a
04. Which of the following words can be used as a. verb?
a. intention b. intellect
c. interim d. interest Ans: d
05. Who among the following writers is not a. nobel laureate?
a. Rudyard Kipling b. G.B. Shaw
c. James Joyce d. albert Camus Ans: c
06. The correct passive form of “You must punish him’’ is__
a. he must punish you b. punished him you must
c. punished must be him d. he must be punished Ans: d
07. His teaching methods are but successful.
a. confusion b. idiosyncratic
c. personifying d. purifying Ans: b
08. Which word is the determiner in the sentence “Have you got another red card|”?
a. have b. got
c. another d. card Ans: c
09 The play “The Doctors Dilemma” is by__
a. James Joyce b. Samuel Beckett
c. Arthur Miller d. George Bernard Shamus Ans: d
10. ‘The landlord is an extremely disagreeable man’. The underlined word is a/an_
a. noun b. adjective
c. adverb d. preposition Ans: b
[
11. He would have going if he___ asked.

a. had been b. were
c. was d. has been Ans:a
12. Dramatic monologue is used in__
a. Drama b. Short story
c. Novel d. Poetry Ans:d
13. Joy: Ecstasy
a. Rain : Drought b. Breeze : Hurricane
c. River : Creek d. Deluge : Flood Ans: b
14. The Merchant of venice is a play about___.
a. A Jew b. A Roman
c. A Turk d. A Moor Ans:a
15. Separating might the risks for some, but it would reduce the risk of everyone
being captured.
a. increases b. involves
c. encourages d. increase Ans:d
16. Glorious revolution took place in___.
a. 1668 b. 1688
c. 1689 d. 1690 Ans: b
17. The poem ‘Sailing to Byzantium’ is written by ___.
a. Dulan Thomas b. Ezra Pound
c. W.H. Avden d. W.B. Yeats Ans:d
18. The poem “The Second Coming is written by___.
a. Dulan Thomas b. Ezra Pound
c. W.H. Avden d. W.B. Yeats Ans:d
19. A Doll’s House is___.

a. an epic poem b. a one act play
c. a three act play d. a novel Ans: c
20. Last night, near the narrow street, some robbers had taken us to the cleaners
which one is the best expression of the underlined part of the sentence?
a. taken us to some good cleaners
b. some cleaners were brought before us
c. some robbers took everything away from us
d. none of the above Ans: c
21. The experiment has been a. resounding success. Here ‘resounding’ means___.
a. moderate b. somewhat
c. isuge d. quick Ans: c
22. Her hand hung over the phone a. minute as she fought with the urge to call
Howard. Here the underlined word means___.
a. time record b. time frame
c. written record d. short space of time Ans:d
23. There is no____ between two friends; one is verbose and another is taciturn.
a. anxiety b. simplicity
c. dexterity d. affinity Ans: d
24. One of the following plays is not a. tragedy___.
a. Hamlet b. Macbeth
c. Othello d. Tempest Ans: d
25. “My words fly up, my thoughts remain below : Words without thoughts never to
heaven go.”___ is a famous dialogue from___
a. As you like it b. King Lear
c. Henry IV d. Hamlet Ans: d
26. He spent more than twenty years at the pinnacle of his profession. Here the
underlined word ‘Pinnacle’ means__.
a. lowest point b. effective
c. powerful d. climax Ans: d
27. ‘A bird in hand is worth two in the bush’ means___.
a. to feel restricted with less b. to be content with one has
c. to have greed for more d. to capture and control Ans: b
28. Choose the correct sentence.
a. His informations are false b. His information is false
c. His informations were false d. None of these Ans: b
29. “Step down”___.
a. bend b. skip the steps
c. resign an important position d. climb downstairs Ans: c
30. Find the opposite meaning of the word “Transparent”.
a. Apparent b. Manifest
c. Opaque d. Explicit Ans: c
31. Her worldly success can hardly be devied. The underlined word ‘worldly’ is
a/an__.
a. verb b. adjective c. noun d. adverb Ans: b
32. He is my own brother. Here the underlined word ‘own’is a/ an__.
a. verb b. adjective
c. noun d. adverb Ans: b
33. Find the odd-man-out.
a. Ode on a. Grecian urn b. Ode to the Nightingale
c. To a skylark d. To autumn Ans:a
34. ‘Moby Dick’ is the story of___.
a. a crocodile b. a whale
c. a shark d. a mermaid Ans: b
35. Which one is correct?
a. Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah was a man of letters.
b. Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah was man of tit for tat.
c. Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah was a man of turn tall.
d Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah was a man of out of date. Ans:a
01. We have to abide_____ the law of the land.

a. with b. by c. to d. on Ans: b
02. A table of two cities is a/ an_____ novel.
a. Victorian b. Elizabethan
c. Romantic d. Modern Ans:a
03. Who wrote “where ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be wise”?
a. George Orwell b. Robert Frost
c. Thomas Grau d. John Milton Ans: c
04. A drowning person____ straw.
a. catches b. catches for
c. catches at d. catches after Ans: c
05. Shakespeare’s “The Merchant of venice” is a___.
a. Tragedy b. Comedy
c. Tragi- comedy d. Melo drama Ans: c
06. Rafiq said, “It____ hot in summer”.
a. is b. was
c. have been d. is having Ans:a
07. The Lyrical Ballads closes with___.
a. kubla khan b. Ode on Intimation and Immorality
c. Christabel d. Tintern Abbey Ans:d
08. In English Grammer,____ deals with the study of meanings in a. language.
a. Morphology b. Etymology
c. Syntax d. Semantics Ans:d
09. Which of the following book written by Thomas Hardy?
a. The winters tale b. The Return of the native
c. The Prelude d. The Pickwick Papers Ans: b
10. We travelled____ 6:45 train, which arrived at 8:30.
a. in the b. on the
c. by d. by the Ans: b
11. The expression ‘penny wise pound foolish’ indicates a. situation where someone
is__.
a. very meticulous in discharging his duties
b. thrifty with small amounts but profligate with a. large amounts.
c. very prudent in spending
d. financially insolvent. Ans: b
12. ‘Some are born great, some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust
upon them__ is a. famous dialogue from__.’
a. John web star b. Christopher Marlowe
c. W. Shakespeare d. T.S. Eliot Ans: c
13. The poem ‘Michael’ is written by___.
a. W.H. Auden b. W. Wordsworth
c. Ezra. Pound d. W. B. Yeats Ans: b
14. Who is the author of several books on wild life?
a. Hazlitt b. Jonson
c. Herrick d. George Laycock Ans: d
15. What would be the right antonym for repulsive?
a. refulgeut b. effulgent
c. alluring d. meek Ans: c
16. The play “The Devil’s Disciple” is by –
a. James Joyce b. G. B. Show
c. Ben Johnson d. Jane Austen Ans: b
17. Which of the following writers belongs to the august an peried in English
Literature?
a. S. T. Coleridge b. Charles Lamb
c. A. Tennyson d. Jonathan Swift Ans: d
18. If I ____ millionaire, I would have removed poverty.
a. was b. were
c. had been d. have been Ans: b
19. Which one does not relate to literature?
a. Epilogue b. Monologue
c. Demagogue d. Prologue Ans: c
20. ‘A Tale of Two Cities’ refers to –
a. London and Washington b. London and Paris
c. London and Rome d. London and Berlin Ans: b
21. Sine last year, I ____ him once.
a. was seeing b. see
c. have seen d. have been seeing Ans: c
22. The antonym for ‘hazardous’ is –
a. certain b. safe
c. clear d. risky Ans: b
23. What is the verb of the worfd ‘antagonism’?
a. Antagonistic b. Antagonisely
c. Antagonise d. Antagonistically Ans: c
24. ‘Come forth into the light of Juings, Let Nature be your teacher’ is taken from the
poem of –
a. W. Wordsworth b. S. T. Coleridge
c. P. B. Shelley d. A. C. Seinburne Ans: a
25. Uneasy lies the head ____
a. when wears a crown b. which wears a crown
c. that wears a crown d. who wears a crown Ans: c
26. “To mercy pity peace and loves. All pray in their distress.” Who said this?
a. Socrates b. Dante
c. Blake d. Plato Ans: c
27. Who is called an optimist in the victorian age?
a. Arnold b. Tennyson
c. Dickens d. Browning Ans: d
28. Choose the correct sentence?
a. |Who belongs to the book? b. Whom does the book belong?
c. To who the book belongs? d. Who does the book belong to? Ans:d
29. Confessions of an English Opium Eater of De Quincy was translated into Bengali
by___.
a. Bankim Chandra Chattergee b. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
c. Sarat Chandra Chattopadhay d Dinabandhu Mitra Ans:a
30. The synonym of ‘August’ is____.
a. common b. ridiculous
c. dignified d. petty Ans: c
31. They gave me a form and told me to___.
a. fill on b. fill in it
c. fill on it d. fill it in Ans:d
32. ‘Where angels fear to traed’___ is written by ___.
a. E.M. Forster b. Rudyard kipling
c. Alexander Pope d. A.H. Auden. Ans:a
33. In share market ‘Bearish’indicates____.

a. a high price b. a falling price
c. a bonus price d. spot market. Ans: b
34. Who of the following writers was not a novelist?
a. Francis Bacon b. Sir Philip Sydney
c. Oliver Goldsmith d. Sir Walter Scott Ans:a
35. Choose the correct answer.
a. Idle man cannot prosper in life. b An idle man cannot prosper in life
c. The idle man cannot prosper of life d. An idle man cannot prosper at life Ans: b
01. Which of the following words is singular form?

a. Phenomena b. Criterion
c. Oases d. Ultimata Ans: b
02. Which one of the following is correct?
a. Did you finish the work yet? b. Did you finished the work yet?
c. Have you finish the work yet? d. Have you finished the work yet ? Ans:d
03 ‘His silence proves that he is guilty’. Its simple form is___.
a. His silent proves his guiltiness b. His silence proves his guilt
c. He is silent because he is guilty d. His silence shows him guilty Ans: b
04. The main idea. of a. paragraph lies in its___.
a. First sentence b. Conclusion
c. Body d. Topic sentence Ans:d
05. I cannot right the wrong. Here the underlined word is a /an____.
a. Noun b. Adjective
c. Verb d. Pronoun Ans: c
06. The word ‘Substantiate’ is a /an___.
a. Noun b. Adjective
c. Verb d. Adverb Ans: c
07. Give the correct passive form of “His behaviour surprised me”.
a. I surprised at his behaviour b. I was surprised with his behaviour
c. I had been surprised at his behaviour d. I was surprised at his behaviour. Ans:d
08. Which word is both a noun and a verb?
a. advice b. practice
c. belief d. brush. Ans:d
09. A lying witness ought to be punished.here ‘lying’ is___.
a. a gerund b. a participle
c. an infinitive d. a finite verb Ans: b
10. Have you ever____ England ?
a. been to b. been on
c. went to d. went on Ans:a
11. Had I been in your situation,____ theoffer.
a. I would not accept b. I would accept
c. I had accepted d. I would have accepted Ans:d
12. You are____ Nazrul, I see.
a. a b. an
c. the d. no article ans:a
13. A person unable to pay his debts___
a. destitute b. solvent
c. miser d. bankrupt Ans:d
14. My friend___ before I came.
a. would be leaving b. had been leaving
c. had left d. will leave Ans: c
15. ‘By and large’ means___
a. very large b. mostly
c. everywhere d nowhere Ans: b
16. Our class begins in January. Name the underlined phrase___
a. Noun phrase b. Prepositional phrase
c. Adverbial phrase d. Verbal phrase Ans: c
17. Tell me the time when he will come.Here ‘when he will come’ is___
a. A. noun clause b. An Adverbial clause
c. An Adjective clause d. None of the three Ans: c
18. What is the synonym of the word ‘Jeopardy’?
a. Exciting b. Wary
c. Sluggish d. Peril Ans:d
19. The noun of the word “glorify”___
a. glory b. glorious
c. gloriously d. none of these Ans:a
20. Antonym for ‘prodigal’ is___
a. Lavish b. Polite
c. Ecmomical d. Excited Ans: c
21. Fill in the blank:
_____ is Shakespeare’s largest play?
a. As you like it b. The tempest
c. Hemlet d. Othello Ans: c
22. Who has written the play ‘A. Tale of a. Tub’?
a. John Webstar b. Janathan swift
c. Christopher Marlowe d. Ben Jonson Ans:d
23. Who has written the poem ‘Ode on the Death of a. Favorite Cat’ ?
a. John Keats b. Thomas Gray
c. P.B.Shelley d. Robert Browning Ans: b
24. ‘The Waste Land’ is a poem by__

a. T.S. Eliot b. W.B. Yeats
c. Mathew Arnold d. Robert Browning Ans:a
25. Who elopes witu Othello and marries him?
a. Emilia b. Mariana
c. Desdemona d. Miranda Ans: c
26. Applying human qualities to non-human things is known as__
a. Simile b. imagery
c. personification d. metlaphor Ans: c
27. Ballad is___
a. a. kind of short marrative poem b. a kind of short condoling poem
c. a. kind of short lyrical poem d. a. rhyme verse Ans:a
28. The poem ‘The Patriot’ is written by___
a. Alfred Tennyson b. Robert Browning
c. Mathew Arnold d. John Donne Ans: b
29. William Wordsworth is pre-eminently___
a. a poet of liberty b. a poet of love
c. a poet of nature d. a. men who lives for another country Ans: c
30. ‘The White Devil’ was written by___
a. Jonathan Swift b. G.B. Shaw
c. Mark Twain d. John Webstar Ans:d
31. John Milton’s ‘Lycidas’ is an elegy on the death of___
a. Edward King b. W.B Yeats
c. Arthur Hughs Clough d. Chromwell Ans:a
32. ‘Man proposes, God disposes’ is an example of___
a. oxymoron b. antithesis
c. pun d. Irony Ans: b
33. Caroline age in English Literature refers to___
a. 1558-1603 b. 1625-1649
c. 1603-1625 d. 1649-1660 Ans: b
34. ‘The old man and the sea’ is a novel by___
a. Charles Dickens b. Thomas Hardy
c. Ernest Hemingway d. G.B. Shaw Ans: c
35. In which century was the Victorian period?
a. 17th century b. 18th century
th
c. 19 century d. 20th century Ans: c
wewmGm wcÖwjmn †h †Kvb cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK cixÿvq Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï †miv cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ co–b A Gateway to
English Litearture.
www.exambd.net

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44th BCS Eng. Preliminary Suggestion (Exambd - Net)

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BCS Preli.

Suggestion (English Language & Litearture) by S M Shamim Ahmed

BCS English Language

২০০০ + চাকরিি প্রস্তুরি সহায়ক রি PDF

The most important topics for 43rd BCS (Step-02)

BCS Preliminary Question Analysis (English Language) According to new

Topic’s name KZ Zg wewmGm?

BCS Preliminary Question Analysis (English Literature) According to new

Topic’s name KZ Zg wewmGm?

২০০০ + চাকরিি প্রস্তুরি সহায়ক রি PDF

 Allegory (iƒcKag©x iPbv/ cÖwZKvkªqx Kvwnbx)

Basis for Comparison Oxymoron Paradox

A Comparative study between Bengali & English Literature

Homonymous writings and the writers (mgRvZxq MÖš’ I ‡jL‡Ki bvg )

SL.No Homonymous writings Writer’s name Types of works

Periods of English Literature (Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i hyMwefvM )

The Poet of the Poets (Kwe‡`i Kwe)

Zuvi weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨Kg©:

Francis Bacon (dªvwÝm †eKb ,1561-1626)

Father of English Essay (cÖe‡Üi RbK)

➢ Essays  Of Studies  Of Truth

William Shakespeare (DBwjqvg †k·wcqi ,1564-1616)

 Birth 23rd April 1564

➢ National Poet of England (Bsj¨v‡Ûi RvZxq Kwe)

William Shakespeare m¤ú‡K© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨:

 Tragedy -12wU  Tragi-Comedy -3wU

➢ A Lover’s Complaint ➢ Under the Greenwood Tree

GK bR‡i William Shakespeare Gi First, Last, Smallest & Largest Play:

William Shakespeare Gi weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨Kg© (Notable works)

 Hamlet  As You Like it  Henry IV, Part I

GK bR‡i William Shakespeare Gi weL¨vZ Uªv‡RwWmg~n

Uªv‡RwWi bvg cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨

২০০০ + চাকরিি প্রস্তুরি সহায়ক রি PDF

gv‡qi cÖwZ wei³ n‡q Hamlet e‡jwQ‡jv-

GKB KiæY Kvwnbx wek^‡K Rvbv‡Z †eu‡P wQ‡jv ïay Horatio.

Shakespeare’s plays (Comedies)

Title Setting(NUbv¯’j) Main charaters Plot summary

The Comedy of Ephasus Adriana, Aegeon, Amelia, Twins separated in

Love’s Labours Navarre Aridano de Armado, Boyet, King tries to avoid

Measure for Vienna Angelo, Claudio, Francica , Deputy tries to

Title Setting (NUbv¯’j) Main charaters Themes

g~j KweZv evsjv Abyev`

A. The Restoration Period (cybtcÖwZôvi hyM ,1660-1700)

GB hy‡Mi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨¸‡jv n‡jv-

Zuvi weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨Kg©:

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John Keats (Rb KxU&m ,1795-1821)

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Quick Memory Tips:

Elizabeth Barrett Browning (GwjRv‡e_ e¨v‡iU eªvDwbs ,1806-1861)

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Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i ivRKwe (Court Poets of England)

BPSC Standard-15 Model Tests

Model Test-01: (35Zg wewmGm Gi Av`‡j)

01. The band has a huge ____ in Italy.

11. He would have going if he___ asked.

19. A Doll’s House is___.

Model Test-02: (36Zg wewmGm Gi Av`‡j)

01. We have to abide_____ the law of the land.

33. In share market ‘Bearish’indicates____.

Model Test-03: (37Zg wewmGm Gi Av`‡j)

01. Which of the following words is singular form?