ectute 1: Plane Closed Cacves Pun Lectute Study closed curves® thet fPolegy, Defn | OSS C Cotnet cont, map Y¥: Ta b\|— »CcR" st (2 aac a< ac Feom compact st to Rausdor fe C. o eX. Do ex aleve usin. trent Sp ces Thma(oc dan-Schgent lies for any Jaron curve CCR there exicts an homeo. pi —s RR hich maaps C onto the tnt cir Cor ( Socdan Curve Th Si parti cular Re C has 2 conn comp, an “Vantec tor wheel calleA an (open Je 2 an xte cco Furthermore Cis the boundary & each are,Proot Ge Result holds for unit accle D Wo Proof Thay Hard % of4 done in alg Topology COG Addendum toThm LE C (s smooth simpl | plane. Carve Can choose homeo @ to be smoot Rotation Numbe c] ye Let ¥: La oh —»C ck be « prwise. Sm. clase cucve weth cocnets at uaa ela g]) ¥ tat) Defn 3 Th ecu t at the cocnec U=a, es the angle ©) Crom Car) to X lat) Prop-Defn Assume all ext angles A-GeCn 1) The ateeiaWMNNOMbe of 6 is the mteger b _ LAC) Kwldu + 280 Ly | 9 ng 2 3 L Ss Poe of Prop Le ct 3 =>Qin . (4) \ lu) \S@\da= angle ela) Tel 4a: © tacns GF) as i travesses from uza;to UzO gy. Resalt Fallows Noy from Scholum Ae = i no. tevdludtans &) makes D J Wi nd na Names FY To Not examnable s(W- P C win a cound e tw U Delo Let 8: fop1—> COR” be a closed alone cucve & pe R-C let Gila piv ne ow auto En for fu) = 4) — 2 WB denomenator ZO! Lwu)-p| Th of out [the iteger ga O,() = G,l0)) 145" th no. times XC oes S) gcound Remark You shrowdAlove seen this 1 COmpley analysi pplication, The hacd pact of the TJorda cacve, thy howih R-c Coe C Jordan cucve) has 2 cawn, Comp.The windin, nambeC can be uscd to aw roo for ~ smecth x -Ja bic abn, r r fen Let wtp) < winding no. of Kabat p x One how. wi R- C7 ‘ continuovas ie, since ZF ts discrete wis locally constant = constant ow Conn Component: % Hence uffice chav/ w_attams ef least two value % For p—far from Cc vW)-¢ 3 Cc i Anaulac fn _O, has values in smal( atecvall Say ic $,+2) whete €<27 SO wp) = > Wo. pin Frown fol AWS oy EC uptrl it crosses Cy tT once. Show wp) ea to +\. x This completes th nega.