Pg Selective Reading Course on Reading Comprehension (Basics) for CAT '22 Lokesh Sharma + Lesson 3 » Apr 30, 2022not change the out; ¥ Serial g9%iler in CAT VA. v Mentored 100+ students to 99+ in VA. vt years of experience ¥ Top 10 Educators at Unacademy CAT v Innovative and practical techniques v Focus on relevant details v Brutally’ Honest 1e session is most effective when attended using a laptop/desktop PC (and not mobile) at Lokesh Sharma comfortable and peaceful place. Please appreciate that the platform isn't familia to both parties and your trainer is technologically retarded! Dheere dheere Topic- How to Read Effectively I~ No doubt is too basic to be asked. Poocho Bindaas!! » He who asks is a fool for minute, he who doesn't is a fool for life! Duniya ka sabse bada rog, kya kahenge log » Healthy participation enhances experience. Gimme Thumbs Up » Keep all distractions away during the class » If you are late for any class by more than 30 minutes, let it go. Watch the recording later.Verbal Ability See eeu eu ere Ser acs pcan Or Cneteg Effective question-specific Sen) Belconnen Cerrado tT Oreo Ones Sor eae eae ee ut ne rel cag NTT rote acornritical Reasoning ‘The human race is spread all aver the world, from the polar regions to the ~, tropics. The people of whom it is made up eat different kinds of food, partly according to the climate in which they live, and partly according to the kind of food which their country produces. In hot climates, meat and fat are not much needed; but in the Arctic regions they seem to be very necessary for‘ ARGUMENT. keeping up the heat of the body. Thus, in India, people live chiefly on different kinds of grains, eggs, milk, or sometimes fish and meat. In Europe, People eat more meat and less grain. In the Arctic regions, where no grains and fruits are produced, the Eskimo and other races live almost entirely on _) meat and fish. Four alternative summaries are given below each text. Which of the following options best captures the essence of the text? a } Question 1. Food eaten by people in different regions of the world depends on the climate and produce of the region, and varies from meat and fish in the Arctic to predominantly grains in the tropics. Onder 2. Hot climates require people to eat grains while cold regions require es people to eat meat and fish. 3. In hot countries people eat mainly grains whi meat and fish because they cannot grow grains. 4. While people in Arctic regions like meat and fish and those in hot regions like India prefer mainly grain. in the Arctic, they eatpercep owt mons yeas hat cvergnce between popltns win specs was erfores scorn 0 Est May the {feat evoltona logo he 180, when 3 popation was epated rom heres the pros by amour rage ora ese event bresdng ares the cv ove gelogesae tne. Inthe mi 19605, the clogs Pol rch authorof The Poston Bomb (1968) - ands Sano Unies coeague Peter Raven halergoc Mays ies bout spect. They hated recent bates ingin the nse ge Bilge Precaeln Ciera, arson vecame dea at ey were ot examina Sle pepwatien. Trou yeatsofcaputng making then recapturing he teres they were abe to prove that wit te population sea ve ist 90 ares sabe cect abt, ‘among ies Ech and Raven agus in now csi pape om 1969 tat gen Row was nts prectbi and vig ‘Mayan ns cohort mamane, a ths evotonay degen twee Deirbauig ros papuston wa robs carmen ‘hey a6 sees bat lato ar ee ew were es port to evluionar vergence an aural secon jen es ugh 5 mate choc, weather dase or predation cause beter acapte nhl sure ad pss te sus gene Wa) {rst Myr was wronginienthng phyical separation sth ase of specesdvesty 8) Cuchespotbuteris ne Sa espe ee Preserve formed re proups Pat rey eres ach thet {Whe acer ston wos nates imports pecston saturation ) Gene low ses common angmore erate than May and hs calleauer med ‘Alo the folowing statements canbe feredtrom the passage BXCEPT 1A) Gone ow cotibvtesto evautionay divergence 5) The Population som quested cominant eas tou Specs erty (G_volsorary charges unold mperepty vere. 1) Chckenpot busters ate now to eh scan heli os rxiy A) evoltion's a senstivean controversial top 8) thin and avr ear about ovlaonravrevce a widely cepts ent ) tecauesfapection ae debated by sents 0) eneherspotbatertes er te best xe of Er and Raven's6es about pecanWhat is an Argument? What feeling it evokes in your mind?rgument » Conclusion- what the author wants to prove opinions, judgments, decisions, suggestions » Premises- any reasons that support the conclusion Ask ‘WHY’ to the Conclusion, Premise will answer! 1. Ajay will win the competition because he is tall and quick. >. Sachin has scored highest number of runs and he is thus the best batsman. 3. Masks protect you from not just pollution but also Corona virus. Besides it is also useful against bacteria. Use a mask daily. 4. Delhiis the most livable city in India as it has low pollution, less population and safety for women.enti . ‘You should marry Raghav because he is an IIM-A graduate. Strength?~ You should marry Raghav because he is an IIM- ‘A graduate, earns 50 lakhs/annum and owns a nice house Strength?IIM-A graduate, earns 50 lakhs/annum and owns a nice house, is very handsome and romantic. Strength?an IIM-A graduate, earns 50 lakhs/annum and owns a nice house, is very handsome and romantic, respects women and is a loyal partner. Strength?“Argument » More the premises, stronger the argument » Everything around is an argument » Premises cannot be challenged‘Sometimesa street brawl drags on for far too long, both sides suffer a lot, and the only thing that prevents the nightmare from endings ego. Both sides need a face-saving exit but egotism demands that both want tocome outas the winner, One has to lose. In the case of the never-ending protests by the farmers of Punjab and Haryana (mostly), the government seems to have made it an ego issue. Although the government in its retreat has offered to suspend the for 15 years, it would do wel forthe government to simply concede farmers demand and withdraw the bills. This isan ideal solution since it will end the protests, relieving the people livingin theareas near the heart ofthe protests, and also give ample time to the government to discussand address the concerns of the farmers. It will even undo, though not completely but to some extent, the international condemnation that the country has suffered. In any way, what’ the point of being determined to implement a set of laws, when the very people who would supposedly be benefitted by those laws do not want them! And finally, with elections coming up in five states, the BJP leadership would be wise to realise that it will lose far more capital by not withdrawing the farm laws than it will if it goes the other way.eel Identifying an Argument » Newspaper articles, especially editorials » Online articles- https://www.theguardian.com/uk/commentisfree https://mww.nytimes.com/section/opinion https://aeon.co/ » Conversations » Anything you read » Any speech you heart mein break kiya yeh Important haiOw | 1, Comprehension- to be able to understand the passage and break it down to an Argument 1. Reading 4. ‘The Hindu- Front page (page ), Editorial (Page 6) and Op- ed (Page 7) 8 1Novel/week, different genre each week ©. articles from aeon.com daily 1 Technique- different rules for reading effectively 1). Practice- RCs relevant to CAT in terms of length, nature and difficulty 2. Question Solving- to be able to solve the questions asked at the end of the passage. |. Critical Reasoning- how to solve different question types of CR 1. Practice- ample practice of different question types of required variety and difficulty level https://lokeshlogan.blogspot.com/2020/07/are-you-serious-about-your-cat.htm]© Background- forms the preface to the main argument » Conclusion- opinions, judgments, decisions, suggestions » Premises- any reasons that support the conclusion ~ Examples/Fxplanation/Elaboration- examples or data used to justify or explain. Elaboration of the reason in detail. Ask conclusion WHY, premise will answer!! India isa great country because it has low pollution, excellent education and safety for women. 2. Weshould dine at Pizza Hut because it has most delicious pizzas and itis also running some discounts. They are offering 40% discount to students and 259% to others. Sachin has scored highest number of runs ~ 1321 in ODIs and 12647 in Test Matches. Even in. ie oe be has toed in mitaing ype ine: Hew aw chs beat toa Chennai haga water crisis, Mostof the areas do not have enough water for even drinking ‘Also, itis too hot there in July. Just yesterday it was 45 degrees. Day before it was 47. One should avoid travelling to Chennaieduce every artich National awards are given out each year to honour those who made tremendous contribution to the Indian film industry. It is seen as appreciation of their cinematic genius. This year the jury has chosen Akshay Kumar for the national award for acting, However, I do not agree with the jury's decision. For one, Akshay is a commercial actor ie. he acts in movies that are made for entertainment and commercial actors should not be given national awards. Also, his acting skills are mediocre. You would agree with this if you have seen movies like Housefull and Rustom. It is no surprise that the actor did not feature on the list of top 100 actors in a survey conducted by ABC news.Presic points about Argument » Everything around you is an argument » More the premises, stronger the argument » Premises cannot be challenged.Ow | 1, Comprehension- to be able to understand the passage and break it down to an Argument 1. Reading ©. The Hindu- Front page (page 1), Editorial (Page 10) and Op- ed (Page 1) © 1Novel/week, different genre each week ©. articles from aeon.com daily 1. Technique- different rules for reading effectively 1). Practice- RCs relevant to CAT in terms of length, nature and difficulty 2. Question Solving- to be able to solve the questions asked at the end of the passage. |. Critical Reasoning- how to solve different question types of CR 1. Practice- ample practice of different question types of required variety and difficulty level https://lokeshlogan.blogspot.com/2020/07/are-you-serious-about-your-cat.htmlpou: Na newspaper editorial samajh aata hai, 2 na RC samajh aata hai na summary ke para Tt aey To change the output you need to change the inputTelegram: LOKESH_VARC yy Using SAP Technique In today's highly-competitive world, HARDWORK is simply INSUFFICIENT You need to work SMART. You need a competitive advantaae. an EDGE over the others.How to ead SELECTIVELY, ACTIVELY and PREDICTIVELY! To change the output you need to change the input Selectively- focus heavily on some parts, mildly on others and skip the remaining Actively-be a teacher; explain every part to yourself. Predictively - try to predict what would come next. SAP readingit .. Simplify the sentences List A,B,C like movies, chocolates, books and music. Between A and B Itisa struggle between those who believe in democracy and those who consider national interest supreme. From A to B India's border extends from the valleys in the north to the oceans in the south. >. Proper nouns/Values are X,Y,Z | Marnecia Gosternto married Juliusten Gabreilla in 1971. || Hyperinifation and Current Account Deficit are the factors affecting RBI's contractionary monetary policy. || Oxytocin is secreted in the Paraventricular region of Hypothalamus. Exception - Ifa proper noun gets repeated /referred too often3. ‘Skip heavy adjectives and adverbs |. The weathers tantalizingly delectable and unstintingly pleasant. || [met a comely and pulchritudinous girl at a ritzy and swanky restraunt today. 11 The ingemuous and savant doctor dexterously and ingenuousy treated the fetid and malicious swoun 4. Avoid details- rush through the examples, details, explanation, data, elaboration ‘There have been many pandemics before and there will be pandemics later too, it's just how life functions. However, none has been as devastating as the present Covid 19. And itis easy to understand why if one just looks at the sheer scale of loss it has caused in terms of human lives. US has lost more than 1 lakh people to this deadly disease. Italy with its toll of $8000 is not much. far behind. Even in India with a death toll of over 20 lakhs, it is easily one of the biggest tragedies in the two decades in this millennium. World over this pandemic has taken more than half a million lives!Selective Reading 3 5. But, yet, however, rather es Pee esyy Power of BUT A........but I love you B. I love you but.......| + £honeatinnate x | Merete ° seems = ay fm Taliban vow to honour womens SCissues notice to Centre Aue rights butwithinIslamiclaw 0" pleasalleging snooping ny comin ciety nec Wt atone ant comng ted cySelective Reading 4 6. Although Although India isa poorand developing country, it et 5' largest GDP in the world by nominal GDP. Though Even though Despite/in spite of While/since Until/unless/Till >cip the modifiers- brackets, hyphens, commas~— : ) Americans stick to traditional diet that has too many calories & too much fat (especially saturated fat) B. - - Haoyang has Menkes Syndrome, a genetic disorder that impacts how coy -which is crucial for brain. Sete ees cee denionraes calgpeceed Lite tots ites By the early 20th century, Britain had established imperial control over more than a quarterof the world — from Asia farm lands to African deserts — and more than 400 million (as per the estimates by most historians) British subjects. C : My friend, who live in Koromandal area of Bangalore is getting married tomorrow. Lam very happy for him. who 3 » whom , , which , where Fi since a » despite 5 , inspite of a » especially , » including ‘ ‘-ing ;- Selective Reading 8. Be fearless- skip any word, phrase, sentence that you do not understand on one careful reading. Exception: For long sentences- break into parts and understand. ‘The key finding in a recent study that even top schools in major cities in India suffer from the entrenched tendency to impart rote lear 1g may have some shock value to those who believe that private educational institutions place greateremphasis on quality and holistic education.—————s » Do not exceed me. » Follow my instructions to learn well. » Train your mind to follow the instruction » Selective, Active, Predictive » Be fearlessEver wondered how English — with 15 billion speakers in all corners of the world and approximately 750,000 words —came to be the wonderfully expressive and multifaceted language it is today? Unlike languages that developed within the boundaries of one country (or one distinct ‘geographical region), English, since its beginnings 1,600 or so years ago, evolved by crossing boundaries and through invasions, picking up bits and pieces of other languages along the way and changing with the spread of the language across the globe. ‘The origins of the English language lie — surprise, surprise — in today's England and the arrival ‘of Anglo-Saxon tribes from Central Europe to the British Isles in 400 AD. Their language, now known as "Old English’, was soon adopted as the common language of this relatively remote corner of Europe. Although you and | would find it hard to understand Old English, it provided a solid foundation for the language we speak today and gave us many essential words like "be", strong’, “flower’, “sun” and “water” With the Viking invasions (Vikings were a tribe of Nordic people that ransacked their way through Northern and Northwestern Europe 1,000-1,200 years ago), Old English got mixed up with ‘a new language Old Norse, the language of the Viking tribes. Old Norse ended up giving English more than 2,000 new words, including "give" and ‘take’, "egg’, "knife", "husband, "run” and *vikind’Eyer wondered how English — with 15 billion speakers in all corners of the world and approximately 750,000 words —came to be the wonderfully expressive and multifaceted language it is today? Unlike languages that developed within the boundaries of one country (or one distinct ‘geographical region), English, since its beginnings 1,600 or so years ago, evolved by crossing ‘boundaries and through invasions, picking up bits and pieces of other languages along the way and changing with the spread of the language across the globe. ‘The origins of the English language lie — surprise, surprise — in today's England and the arrival ‘of Anglo-Saxon tribes from Central Europe to the British Isles in 400 AD. Their language, now known as "Old English’, was soon adopted as the common language of this relatively remote corner of Europe. Although you and | would find it hard to understand Old English, it provided a solid foundation for the language we speak today and gave us many essential words like "be", strong’, “flower’, “sun” and "water", With the Viking invasions (Vikings were a tribe of Nordic people that ransacked their way through Northern and Northwestern Europe 1,000-1,200 years ago), Old English got mixed up with a new language Old Norse, the language of the Viking tribes. Old Norse ended up giving English more than 2,000 new words, including "give" and ‘take’, "egg, "knife", "husband, "run" and *vikind’Although English was spoken widely on the Bi established French as the language of royals and of power. Old English was left to the peasants, and despite its less glamorous status, it continued to develop and grow by adopting a whole host of Latin and French words in 1,000-1,400 AD, including everyday words such as “fruit” and “people”, as, well as half of the months of the year. By adopting and adapting French words, the English language also became more sophisticated through the inclusion of concepts and words like “liberty” and justice". h Isles by 1,000 AD, the Norman invasion In the 14th-1sth century, following the Hundred Years War with France that ended French rule of the British Isles, English became the language of power and influence once again. It got a further boost through the development of English literature and English culture, spearheaded by William Shakespeare, perhaps the most celebrated poet/playwright of all time. Shakespeare's influence on the development of the English language and its unique and rich culture is hard to grasp; the man is said to have invented — yes, INVENTED — at least 1,700 words, including “alligator, “puppy dog}, and "fashionable", in addition to penning classics like Romeo & Juliet and Hamlet.Compare Although English was spoken widely on the British Isles by 1,000 AD, the Norman invasion established French as the language of royals and of power. Old English was left to the peasants, and despite its less glamorous status, it continued to develop and grow by adopting a whole host of Latin and French words in 1,000-1,400 AD, including everyday words such as “fruit” and "people’, as ‘well as half of the months of the year. By adopting and adapting French words, the English language also became more sophisticated through the inclusion of concepts and words like "liberty” and justice”. In the 14th-isth century, following the Hundred Years War with France that ended French rule of the British Isles, English became the language of power and influence once again. It got a further boost through the development of English literature and English culture, spearheaded by William Shakespeare, perhaps the most celebrated poet/playwright of all time. Shakespeare's influence on the development of the English language and its unique and rich culture is hard to grasp; the man is said to have invented — yes, INVENTED — at least 1,700 words, including “alligator’, "puppy dog’, and "fashionable", in addition to penning classics like Romeo & Juliet and Hamlet,_— The key finding in a recent study that even top schools in major cities in India suffer from the entrenched tendency to impart rote learning may have some shock value to those who believe that private educational institutions place greater emphasis on quality and holistic education, However, for those closely observing the school education scenario, it isa reaffirmation of a bitter truth: schools in our country are, by and large, quite far from seeing education as a process of learning with understanding, acquiring knowledge through self-discovery and conceptualisation; rather, education remainsa mere transmission of information in a rigid classroom atmosphere, where the emphasis is on memorisation and the objective is to rush through a pre-determined syllabus and prepare children for examinations. While on the scholastic side the WIPRO- Educational Initiatives Quality Education Study, which covered 89 schools, shows a fall in Jearning standards among students in classes 4, 6, and 8 over the last five years, the study also highlights a disturbing deficit of social sensitivity on the part of a sizable section of students. Responses to some questions relating to the education of girls and attitudes towards immigrants, the disabled, and HIV-positive patients, indicates biases that could, over time, grow into, prejudices. Exploring the mind of the young ata formative stage in this way, which some might consider methodologically challengeable, isa particularly valuable part of this study. It will bea serious mistake to ignore the well-documented broad trend that that tells us that misconceptions of early years get carried on to a higherage and the possibility of these children imbibing biases they see in their family atmosphere or social milieu,the years, there have been some serious efforts to put in place a national curriculum framework. For instance, the Yash Pal committee's progressive report of 1993, Learning without Burden, demonstrated how the curriculum load was a burden on the child and highlighted the defects of the examination system. The National Curriculum Framework 2005 was an honest attempt to provide a vision of educations a pursuit of both quality and equity. Yet, despite increasing awareness that learning is not mere information accumulation and that teaching ought to be recast intoa facilitation of children’s discovery of their own potential and understanding, the emphasis in practice continues to be on textbooks and exams. Conceptual understanding is not encouraged anywhere near enough, and sport, art, debate, and cultural activity are kept at the distant periphery. It is time not merely for fostering greater awareness about the need for holi education but also to find more imaginative pedagogic means to make education an inclusive and quality-centric epistemic process.Ow | 1, Comprehension- to be able to understand the passage and break it down to an Argument 1. Reading ©. The Hindu- Front page (page 1), Editorial (Page 10) and Op- ed (Page 1) © 1Novel/week, different genre each week ©. articles from aeon.com daily 1. Technique- different rules for reading effectively 1). Practice- RCs relevant to CAT in terms of length, nature and difficulty 2. Question Solving- to be able to solve the questions asked at the end of the passage. |. Critical Reasoning- how to solve different question types of CR 1. Practice- ample practice of different question types of required variety and difficulty level https://lokeshlogan.blogspot.com/2020/07/are-you-serious-about-your-cat.htmla The Hindu- Front Page (page no. 1), Editorial (page no. 6) and Oped (page no. 7) » Any article you read » Any speech you hear"Next Class es Topic: How to Read Effectively 2 Date: Time:yy See you in the next class!! ©