WRITTEN REPORT

THEORIES ON FACTORS AFFECTING MOTIVATION

ATTRIBUTION THEORY

What is attribution theory?

A theory that supposes that one attempts to understand the behavior of
others by attributing feelings, beliefs, and intentions to them.

Three ways of Attribution

 LOCUS (Internal vs. External)

o In an Internal, or dispositional, Attribution, people infer that an event
or a person’s behavior is due to personal factors such as traits,
abilities, or feelings. In an External, or situational, Attribution, people
infer that a person’s behavior is due to situational factors.

 STABILITY (Stable vs. Unstable)

o When people make a Stable Attribution, they infer that an event or
behavior is due to stable, unchanging factors. When making an
Unstable Attribution, they infer that an event or behavior is due to
unstable, can be change or temporary factors.

 CONTROLLABILITY (Controllable vs. Uncontrollable)

o In Controllable attribution an individual may be affected by his/her
performance attributed by factors which is beyond the control for
example if a student has a poor academic performance because of
ineffective teaching of his/her teacher . While in Uncontrollable
attribution, if an individual has this habits contrary that he/she admits
that the cause of his low academic performance is due to his lack of
motivation and habit ls to study.

How does attribution affect motivation?

Attribution Theory states that an individual’s causal attributions of
achievement affect subsequent behaviors and motivation. One of the primary
assumptions of attribution theory is that people will interpret their environment in
such a way as to maintain a positive self-image.

SELF-EFFICACY THEORY
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
What is self-efficacy Theory?
Self-efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in a particular
situation and determine how well one can execute a plan of action in prospective
situations (Bandura, 1977). Bandura also defined that one’s sense of self-efficacy can
provide the foundation for motivation, well-being, and personal accomplishment. Its
also means a high sense of competence

Social cognitive theorist identified several self-efficacy- enhancing strategies:

 Make sure students master the basic skills
 Help them make noticeable progress on difficult task
 Communication confidence in students’ abilities through words and actions
 Expose them to successful peers

Other recommendations from motivational theorists are:

 Provide competence-promoting feedback
 Promote mastery on challenging task
 Promote self-comparison rather than comparison with others
 Be sure error occurs within an overall context of success

SELF-DETERMINATION AND SELF-REGULATION THEORY

What is self-determination and self-regulation theory?

A theory that focuses on human behavior and motivation which concerns the
growth of an individual.

 Self-determination
o When students have the sense of self-determination they are
intrinsically motivated. I psychology, self-determination is an
important concept that refers to each person’s ability to make choices
and manage their own life. In simple term it allows individual to feel
that they have control over their choices and lives.

Impact on motivation
People feel more motivated to take action when they feel that what they do
will have an effect on the outcome and suggests that people are able to become self-
determined when their needs for competence, connection, and autonomy are
fulfilled.

 Self-regulation
o refers to a person’s ability to master himself as a system that lie at the
very heart of causal processes.

Self regulation operates through three major sub functions:

 monitoring one’s performances- self-monitoring provides the information
needed for setting performances standards and for evaluating one’s progress
toward them.
 PANGASINAN
individuals evaluate their behavior against their standards, situational
STATE UNIVERSITY
 circumstances and valuation of the activities.
 affective self-reactions to one’s judged performances. Anticipatory self-
sanctions not only serve as guides and motivators of behavior but affect
satisfaction people derive from what they do.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY