UGC-NET ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES QUESTIONS ---------------5--------------y Define gene pool. y What is meant by steady-state non-conservative system ?

y Define ecological succession. y Explain the nature of the interior of the earth. y What is meant by wind rose ? y Define steam reformation of hydrocarbons. y Define and distinguish between BOD and COD. y Explain the cation-exchange capacity in clays. y Define correlation coefficient and state its significance in statistical data analysis. y What is meant by cost-effective analysis ? y Giving the chemical equations, define pH and Eh of carbonate systems. y Explain the principle of anaerobic digestion in a biogas plant. y Define the principle of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). y Explain the index of equivalent sound pressure level. y Enumerate the characteristics of a soil profile in a temperate region.
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y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Composition of Atmosphere. Wind roses. Bioindicator. Cost benefit analysis with respect to EIA. Desertification. Estuary. Probability. Air - borne diseases. EIA guidelines (1994). Principles of coagulation in water treatment. El Nino. Box Model. Quadrat Method. Wetlands. 'Chi' square.

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y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Repetitive DNA Transgenic plants 'Hot spots' of biodiversity Acid rain Air quality monitoring (A A Q) Marine spillage Role of algae in biodiesel production Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Applications of Diatoms Internal structure of Earth Carrying capacity of a river Biomagnification and bioaccumulation Environmental audit Carbonate compensation depth

Water quality index

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y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Diagenesis Braided river Ecological niche Turbidity Secondary succession Speciation Photochemical smog Sanctuary Wetland Incineration Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) Relative humidity in terms of mixing ratios Infrared radiation Wind rose t statistic

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y y y y y y y y y y y

Principle of HPLC Carbon monoxide. Phytoplankton. Ecological succession. Student's Y test. Ecological Pyramids. Food web Fluorosis. Application of CIS in Environmental Management. Principle of coagulation. Environmental Audit.

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Bioinoculants. Solid state fermentation. Soil carbon sequestration. Extremophile. Inversion layer. Environmental audit.
PM25

Dobson Unit. F-statistics. Opitcal density. COD. Acid rain. eystone species. Food chains. Ecological niche.

y y y y

Scale of Meteorology. Ecomark Biofertilizers. Laws of thermodynamics.

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y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Deltic Environment. Aerosols. Biopesticides. Air quality index. Endangered species. Primary productivity. Trophic level. BOD. Ecological succession. Wet and dry deposition. Biofuels. Saturation mixing ratio. Radionuclides. Coefficient of determination (R2). Carbon credits.

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Noise indices. Energy flow in ecosystems. Bio fertilizers. Hazardous waste management. Rainwater harvesting.
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Why students 't' test is necessary to analyse various parameters of environment ? Writebriefly about the test of hypothesis and its significance. "Global Warming is due to burning of fossil fuel" - Comment on the statement. Whatis the current trend in Global Warming ? Describe the phenomenon of biomagnification. Elucidate your answer with suitableexample from pesticide group of Chemicals. Why is Environmental Management Plan (EMP) necessary ? Discuss various aspectsof EMP to minimise environmental costs. Describe various methods of enumeration of bacteria in soil.
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Use of GIS in Environmental Management. Marine Pollution in India. Significance of Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems. Bioenergy Potential in India. Microbial Degradation of Cellulose.
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Ecological succession

Kyoto Protocol Plastic waste management Utility of biofertilizers in agriculture Use of EIA in environment management

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Give geochemical classification of elements. Explain the radiation budget of the earth - atmospheric system Discuss the application of recombinant DNA in environmental biology. Describe microbial method to screen a mutagen present in effluents. Enumerate the salient features of Gaussian Plume model for prediction of pollutantconcentration.
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Write an account on radiation hazards and its impact on human health. Describe 'hotspots' of biodiversity in India.Examine the Arsenic problem in Bengal basin area. What are the possible remedialmeasures ? Explain different components of soil and discuss the role of N, P and K in soil fertility. Discuss harnessing potential of solar energy in India. Explain the principles used forheating and lighting.
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How does the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation occurs during themonsoon ? Discuss the ecological issues related to mega hydel projects and associated rehabilitation. Give an account on the pesticides and their toxicity. Explain the mechanism of radioactive forcing by black carbon particles in theatmosphere. Explain the principle and applications of Gaussian Plume model.
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Discuss the structure and composition of the atmosphere. Comment on the stability of atmosphere. Discuss the principle, method and applications of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Write an essay on the structure and dynamics of an ecosystem. Discuss the thermochemical and photochemical reactions in the troposphere with aspecial emphasis on photochemical smog and acid rain. Write an essay on the importance of minerals in modern industrial society. Enumerate the various types of natural hazards. Discuss the causative factors and effects of the one prevailing in Himalayan region. Explain the characteristics of waste lands. Add a note on their reclamation methods. Write an essay on the potential of renewable energy sources in the Indian Context. Write an essay on the applications of remote sensing and GIS in the evaluation ofnatural resources and their management.
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Describe various causes of Depleting Biodiversity. Discuss strategies for conservation of biodiversity. Discuss various natural hazards commonly encountered in the Indian sub-continent. Why is Environmental Education necessary in the present day curriculum ? Discuss different methods that may be adopted for successful implementation ofEnvironmental Education in India.

What is Hazardous Waste ? Discuss various methods of safe disposal of thesewastes. Enumerate the difficulties in actual implementation of the same. "Overexploitation of natural resources leads to environmental pollution". -Comment on the above statement and justify your views. Define EIA. Discuss in detail EIA for a mining industry. What are the sources of Noise Pollution ? Describe different methods ofmeasurement of noise levels. Enumerate the impact of noise on human health. What is the principle of generation of Hydroelectric Power. What are theenvironmental impacts of mega hydroelectric power projects ? How they can bemitigated ?
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What is Bioremediation ? Comment on bioremediation of soils contaminatedwith oil spills. Enumerate advantages and disadvantages of Genetically Modified Organism(GMOS) and their environmental concerns. Significance and approaches of biodiversity conservation. Outline the general principles of analytical methods of water quality assessment. Environmental impacts of open cast coal mining. Environmental problems associated with mega-thermal power plants and remedialmeasures. Approaches to restoration and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems. Current environmental issues in India.
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Groundwater provinces and resources of India. Environmental aspects related to large dams such as Tehri Dam or NarmadaDam. Mineral resources of India. Recycling of agricultural waste and bioremidiation. Causes of air pollution and the role played by greenhouse gases and aerosols. What are natural hazards ? Discuss causes effects, mitigation of floods anddroughts in India. "Nuclear energy is important for energy needs of India" - Critically evaluate thestatement. Give a descriptive account of evolution of organisms for their adaptability inpresent day environment.
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Sumatra earthquake of 26th December 2004 and the resultant Tsunami in the IndianOcean. Solid waste management in metropolitan cities. Soil types of India. Role of biotechnology in environmental management. Merits and demerits of proposed river linking project in India. Conservation of biodiversity. Climate change - reality or myth. Population growth and sustainable development in India.
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What are the endangered and threatened species? Explain various methods ofprotecting them. Define air quality index. Discuss various factors that affect urban air quality andmeasures of pollution control. Discuss various methods of disposal and recycling of municipal and biomedicalsolid waste. What is toxicity ?List out ten (10) important toxic substances present in theenvironment. Describe various methods of toxicity testing for pesticides. Discuss hydrological cycle. Explain the concept of reservoirs, residence time andfluxes. Comment also on possible impact of climate change on water cycle.

What are the sources of marine pollution ? Discuss the 'impact of pollitants onmarine ecosystem' Describe control measures for marine pollution. Explain the need for E.I.A. Discuss various methods of environmental impactassessment and their relative merits and demerits. "Ecological modelling can forecast the population growth and interactions in anecosystm". Justify with the help of suitable models.
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Discuss various methods of solid waste management. Use of plant biomass for biofuel production. "Hotspots" of biodiversity with special reference to India. Environmental priorities in India and sustainable development. Salient features of Kyoto protocol and various mechanisms for its implementation. Toxic chemicals in air and water.Methodologies of Environmental ImpactAssessment. Remote sensing and its application to Environmental Sciences.
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