The Resistance

Italy,Romania,Greece,Poland and Spain

 The Resistance in Italy
After September 1943, partisan Resistance groups were
active throughout northern and much of central Italy.
Often they were former soldiers cut off from home and
still in possession of their weapons. Many were young
men fleeing Mussolini’s attempts to conscript them.
Others were urban evacuees or released prisoners of
war. Many were recruited, organized, and armed by the
anti-Fascist parties or at least owed vague allegiance to
one of them. They were most active in summer in the
hills and mountains, where they were usually supported
by the peasants, and they tied down thousands of
German troops. In some areas they were a virtual armed
uprising against not only the Germans and Fascists but
also against the local landowners. Partisans were
fighting three types of war: a civil war against Italian
Fascists, a war of national liberation against German
occupation, and a class war against the ruling elites.
 The Resistance in
Romania
For 29 years, Ogoranu evaded capture by the
]

Securitate. Most of the time he hid in Galtiu, a village

in Sântimbru commune, Alba County. He stayed at
the house of Ana Săbăduș, the widow of a political
prisoner who died at Gherla Prison in 1952; she later
became his wife.After 26 years on the run, the
Securitate caught him in 1976 in Cluj, after luring
him there with the help of an informer. He was
interrogated for 6 months in Bucharest. He was
reportedly spared execution at the direct
intervention of U.S. President Richard Nixon.
Released, he was employed as a worker, then as a
technician at a collective state farm in Miercurea
Sibiului.
the Resistance in Poland
In Poland the main resistance team was Solidarnosc (Solidarity). It started out when
more and more people went on a strike because of the poor quality of life, long queues
in stores and rationing of foods. The biggest one was in Gdansk Shipyard. The leader
was Lech Walesa, who got a Nobel Prize, and later became the president of Poland in
1990.
 The resistance in
Greece
George Seferis was a Greek poet and diplomat. Some things about his biography:

He studied Law in Paris where he followed his father.

It is 1922 when the “Asia Minor catastrophe” he vanished every dream of Hellenic
pawer. That disaster affected the young man, who would later speak in his poetry
of people and civilizations in exile.

He also stayed in Albania,North Africa and Middle East

He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1963

In 1969 Seferis publicly and harsly took a stand against the Dictatorship of the
Colonels in Greece.His own funeral on September 20, 1971, was also turned into a
massive demonstration against the military government.
 Seferis Statement
It has been almost two years now that a regime has been imposed on us which is totally inimical to
the ideals for which our world — and our people so resplendently — fought during the last world
war. He characterizes the regime as a political anomaly..he says the regime is totally opposed to
human values of Greece.

Everyone has been taught and knows by now that in the case of dictatorial regimes the beginning
may seem easy, but tragedy awaits, inevitably, in the end. The drama of this ending torments us,
consciously or unconsciously — as in the immemorial choruses of Aeschylus. The longer the
anomaly remains, the more the evil grows.
I am a man without any political affiliation, and I can therefore speak without fear or passion. I see
ahead of me the precipice toward which the oppression that has shrouded the country is leading
us. This anomaly must stop. It is a national imperative.
Now I return to silence. I pray to God not to bring upon me a similar need to speak out again.
The resistance
in Spain
By resistance we understand the opposition to Francoism, the so-called anti-Francoism, to
the set of political and social movements that opposed Francoism or the dictatorship of
Francisco Franco from the end of the Spanish civil war (1939) until the first democratic
elections (1977)
Republican flag Francoist flag
 Spanish maquis
An example of resistance against Francoist regime
is ‘Spanish maquis’. The Spanish Maquis (Spanish:
Maquis españoles) were Spanish guerrillas exiled
in France after the Spanish Civil War who
continued to fight against Francoist Spain until the
early 1960s, carrying out sabotage, robberies (to
help fund guerrilla activity), occupations of the
Spanish embassy in France and assassinations of
Francoists, as well as contributing to the fight
against Nazi Germany and the Vichy regime in
France during World War II. These people were not the only ones. Women
also opposed resistance and formed many
groups who would try to fight for their rights.