TABLE 16.1 Branches of the Brachial Plexus ‘Branches Origin Coune Innervation Dorsal scapular nerve cs Prerees middle scalene, descends deep to —‘Levatorseapulae levator seepulee Rhomboid minor Rrombord msjor ong thoracic nerve CT Descends posterior £0 68 to TI 1008, Serratus anterior descend: on external surface of seratus Srterior muscle Subclevian nerve C6 Descends posterior to clavicle, anterior to ——_—Subelavius ‘brachial plesus end subclavian artery ‘Stemnoclavicusr joint ‘Suprascapular neve (5,¢6 Passe aterally through posterio: triangle Supraspinatus of neck, traverses suprascapular natch Infraspinetus Under transverse seapular igament Glenohumeral joint Lateral pectoral nerve SCT Pesces cavipectral fascia, reaches deep Pectoral major surface of pectoral muscles ‘medial pectoral nerve aT) Paccar benween axillary artery and vein, Pecovals minor enters deep surface of pectoralisminor __Pectorals maior ‘Medial cutaneous nerve of stm 8,11 Rus along medial side of axillary vein ‘Skin of medial arm ‘Medial cutaneous neive of forearm 8, T1__—_Rurs between gallery artery and vein ‘kin of medial forearm Upper subscapular nerve ,C6 Passes posteriorly and erters subscapularis Subseapularis “Thoracocorel nerve 5-c8 rites between superior and inferior Latesimus dors subscapular eves Inferior subscapular nerve S,C6 Passes nferclaterally deep to subscapular Subscapularis, ‘very and vein Teres mejor ‘Musculacutancous nerve C7 Piereescoracobrachalis, descends Coracabrachiais ‘between biceps bracil and brachial ‘iceps brachil Beachialis ‘Skin of lateral foresrm Median nerve C&TI Formed from lateral head joining medial Most flexor muscles in forearm heed, descends medal to bictos| Racial half of flexor digitorum profundus rach “Thenar muscles and lumbricl | 1 Skin of lateral pal inae nenve 7T! Descends media to brachial artery rune Flexor capi ulnar and ulnar haf of Posterior to medial epicandyle of ‘lexor digitorum profundut humerus Moz intrinsic hand must ‘kin of medial palm Aailery nee C6 Passes through quadrangular soece (ee Teres minor Chapter 17), winds around surgical neck Deltoid of humerus Glesahumeral joint Skin of inferior deltsid Radial nerve TI Descends posterior to aullary artery, ‘rceps brachi enters radial groove with deep brachial Anconeus and brachioradiais artery, pasos between long and medial heads of triceps bradhi Cocos, Longin, Spinais— Semispinalis Muliids, Roane) “Fomor Spee Groop | Vike Standing ‘locos, Longs, Spinal)TADLE 17.1 Seapular Muscles* Muze Origin Insertion Innervation ‘Aeton ‘Blood Supply ‘Superial extrinsic murder Trapezius ‘Medal third of Lateral third of Spinal oot of accessory Elevates scapula “Tarsverse caval Superior nuchal posterior clevide, nerve ll and C3, C4 (descending pet, ‘tery, dona! line, extemal ‘medial aramion, retracts scapula ‘oneny cocci piper edge (tranevore par), protuberance, spine of seapula presses scapula ligamentire (ascending pan): rotates uchse, spinous scapula (descending and processes of CVI to ‘ascending parts acting a Together Latisimus desi Spinous processes of Flor of Thoracodoral newe Extends adducts and Thoracodborel TMi to xl, intertubercular (6.7.8) medially rotates arme artery thoracolumbar ‘leds of humerus Grows shoulder fascia, ac crest, downward and lower 308 rbs Dacward Deop extrinsic muscles evatorscopulee Posterior tubercles of Medial border of Donal scapular nerve Elevates scapula medially, Donal sapular anaverieprocenies scapula sbove bie (CS) and C2, Ch Unferory rotates ‘en, wansverse ofaiecn of pine of scapula slenaid eavty avenl artery Rhomboid minor Ligamentum nuchae, Medial border ot Donalscapularnerve Retracteard stabilizes Doral scapular Rhomboid major Intrinsic musdes Deltoid Supraspinatus Infraspinatus subscapularis Spnous processes orem, 1 Spinous processes of ‘Tito TV Lateral third of ‘anterior laviee, lateral acomion, inferior 2dge of spine of scapula Supraspinous fosa of scapula Infraspinoue fous of scapula Upper tuo thie of Posterior surface of (itera bordor of scapula Foster ante inlerioc begle ot scapula Subsapular fosa ‘Main nerve ots ndcated in bol scapula at base of sine cf copula Medial border ot scapula below base of spine of scapula Deltcd tuberosity of humerus Superior facet of ‘greater tuberce of humerus Mie facet of areatertuberce of humerus Hiei font of greater tuberco of Mil bp of intertebectar iesertuberde of cacy Dorsal scapular nerve ao Anterior and posterior branches of axilary reve (C5, 8) Suprascapular nerve (cs C8) (ce, ostetor branch oF lly nerve (C5, C5) Gi beagube rere (6,9) Superior and ifetior Subscapular nerves (c.e6.c scapula Retracts ard rotstet ‘eapula fo cepress glenod eavty Clavicular part—leres and medially rotates arm; acromal part— Sbduats arm spiral part—exterds and [aterally rotates arm Intistes arm abeuction, ice with rotator cut ‘muscles Tateel sotston oF are (wth teres minor Lateral rotation of arm, ado ‘Aide me wcliy ‘Mealy rotates and elds atm antey oral scapular artey, Posterior ‘reumfex humerat artery, deltid branch of thorsca, ‘Scomial artery Suprascapuler aren Supeatcapulor aren, Grandin Gani. ‘repulse artery Subscapular artery tel ree‘asus 21.1 Anterior Forearm Muscles Muscle origin Insertion Tnervaton ‘ation Blood Supply ‘Superfidl Pronator tees Medlilepiconde of humerus, Middle of lateral Median nerve (C6, Pronates forearm, Anterior ulnar coroneid process of ln surace of radius C7) fsists in flexion recurrent artery Flexor carpi Medial epicondyle of humerus Base of metacarpals Median nerve (C6, Flexes hand, assists in Radial artery radials land tt a abduction Palmars longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Distal half of flexor Median nerve (C7, exes hand and _—_—Posterior ulnar ‘etineculum and €8). tenses palat recurent artery palmar aponeuross fascia Flexor carpi Hureral head_medial Pisform bone, hook Ulnar nerve (C7, C8) Flexes hand, assists in Posterior ulnar ‘ulnar epicondye of humerus, ‘of hamate, base of adduction recurrent artery tinar head olecranon and posterior border of ulna Flexor digitorum —Humeral head —medial retacarpal ¥ Bodies of middle Median nerve (C7 to Frexes middle and Ulnar and radial ‘upercial —epcondyle; uiner head phalanges of index, 11), Proximal phelanges arteries coroncid process, radial ‘middle, ring and of index, middle, head—anterior border of litle fingers fing, and litle radius fingers assists in hand flexion Deep Flexor digitorum Medial and anterior surface of Anterior base of Medial part—uilnar_Flexes distal Anterior brofundus proximal Uwee quarters of dstal phalanges of nerve (8, TI); halanges of index, Interosscous bina interosseous index, middle ring, lateral par— middle ring, and artery and membrane and File fingers median nerve (C8, litle fingers assists muscular branches ™ inhand flexion of ulnar artery Flexor polis Anterior surface of radius, Palmar base of distal Anterior nteroseous Flexes phalanges of Anterior longus Interosieous membrane ‘halane of thumb branch of median thumb Interosicous| serve (8, 71) artery, Pronator Distal fourth of anterior uina Distal fourth of Anterior interosseous Pronates forearm Anterior quadrats anterior radius branch of median interosicous nerve (C8. 71) acters ‘TABLE 22.1 Posterior Forearm Muscles acd og Tneertion Tnnervation Aton Blood Supply ‘Supertcal group rachioradialis Proximal two thirds of Lateral side of base of Radal nee ——Fleves forearm Racial recurrent lateral supracordyiar styild proces of radus (3 10D. artery ridge of humerus Extensor carp) Distal third of lateral Dorsal base of metacarpal i Radhal nerve tends wrist and Racal and radial racials supracondyfar ridge of (6c) oducts hand recurent arteries longus humerus Esteneae carpi Lateral epiconéle of Doral hate of metacarpal Deep branch of Fatonde wit and Racal and radial racials humerus common ‘lal nerve abducts hare recurrent arteries brews ‘extensor tendon) aa Extensor Lateral epicondyle of Lateral and doralcuracae Posterior ‘tends index Posterior intareseout ‘digitorum humerus (commen of phalanges of index “rteroecaoue middling, and aary ‘extensor tendon) ‘middle, rine and lede nerve (C7, C8) ite fingers: assists fingers In rist extension Extensor Lateral epicondyle of Doral hate of prowimal Posterior Txtonds litle finger Posterior interonteaut mini vumeris (common ‘halane of ite ger interossaous artery extensor tendon) nerve (C7, C8) Extensor carpi Lateral epicondsle of Doral bate of metacarpal V Posterior ‘tend wrist and Posterior interenteout ulraris humerus and posterior interosseous adducts hand artery border of una comeron nerve (C7, 8) ‘extensor tendon) ‘Anceneut _Poiterior eurface of lateral Lateral urlace of olecranon Radlal none Aut ricopebrachl Deep brachlal artery epicondyle of humerus and posterior proximal (aw In extending ina forearm Deep group ‘Supinator Lateral epiconcyle of Lateral, posterior, and Deep radial supinates forearm Racial recurrent Thumeras supiator crest anterior surfaces of nerve (5, €5) ‘and posterior Proximal tied of radiue ‘Abducor Posterior surface of ulna, Base of metacarpal! Posterior ‘Abducs and extends Posterior interesseous polls ‘dls, and inerosseous “nteronseous thumb artery Fongus enbeane serve (C7, 3) entensoe Posterior surface of radius Base of proximal phalanx of Posterior [tends prosimal Posterior intorestaous polls and Inteosseous ‘thumb. Tnteosseous —phalarcof thumb artery brews ‘membrane serve (C7, 3) Bxtersor Posterior surface of middle Base of distal phalanx of Posterior ‘tends distal Posterior interosseous polis ‘id of una and ‘thumb Interosseous phalanx of thumb artery longus Interoseous membrane nerve (C7, C8) Extensor Posterior surface of ulna Doral bate of proximal Posterior [tends prosimal Posterior intoresiaout incies ‘and interossecus ‘alan of second digit ——interosseous_phalancof index artery membrane nerve (1,8) finger