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Reacția de desulfurare
¿
−dT ( −∆ H s )∗Gb −(−∆ H ¿s )∗Gb
= =¿ dT = ∗dc s
dc s G∗C p G∗C p
−( −∆ H s )∗Gb
T ¿ Cr
∫ dT = G∗C p
∗∫ dc s
T0 C r0
(−r s )=f ( c s )
dc
∫ dV =−G b∗∫ −rs
0 Cs 0
( s )
Cs f
dc s
V R=−G b∗∫
Cs
0
(−r s )
G b∗( Cs −C s ) 0 f
kcal
−H ¿ s=38315.4 S transformat
kg
G B ∙(C HN −C HN )
0 f
T(0)= 350℃
−10000 3
=12719.5 kg/m ∙ h
k s 0=4.1∙ 107 ∙e 1.987 ∙623
−6 3
(−r ¿ ¿ s 0)=k s 0 ∙ c S 0=12719.5 · 800· 10 =10.18 kgS / m ∙ h¿
1
(−r ¿ ¿ s 0)=0.0982¿
38315.4 ∙ 87500
T =T 1+350
97703.1 ∙0.7524
[ ( 800−600 ) 10−6 ]=359.12 ℃=632.12 K
−10000 3
=14291.80 kg / m ∙h
7 1.987∙ 632.12
k s 1=4.1 ∙ 10 ∙ e
1
(−r ¿ ¿ s)=0.12¿
38315.4 ∙87500
T =T 2+ 359.12
97703.1∙ 0.7524
[ ( 600−500 ) 10−6 ]=¿368.24℃=641.24 K
−10000 3
=16005.3 kg /m ∙ h
7
k s 2=4.1 ∙ 10 ∙ e 1.987∙ 641.24
1
(−r ¿ ¿ s)=0.16 ¿
I
c sf :
T f =T 0 +20=370 ℃=643 K
38315.4 ∙87500
370=368.24+ [ ( 400−c sf ) · 10−6 ]
97703.1· 0.7524
I
c sf =361.4 ppm
−10000 3
=16352.87 kg /m ∙ h
7 1.987 ∙643
k sf =4.1∙ 10 ∙ e
1
(−r ¿ ¿ s)=0.17 ¿
T 0=350 ℃=623 K
−10000 3
=12719.51 kg /m ∙h
7
k s 0=4.1∙ 10 ∙e 1.987 ∙623
−6 3
(−r ¿ ¿ s 0)=k s 0 ∙ c S 0=12719.51 ·361.4 · 10 =4.6 kgS /m ∙ h ¿
1
(−r ¿ ¿ s 0)=0.22¿
38315.4 ∙87500
T 1=350+
97703.1∙ 0.7524
[ ( 361.4−300 ) 10−6 ]=352.8 ℃=625.8 K
−10000 3
=13187.7 kg /m ∙ h
7
k s 1=4.1 ∙ 10 ∙ e 1.987∙ 625.8
1
(−r ¿ ¿ s)=0.25¿
Presupunem c s 2=200 ppm
38315.4 ∙87500
T 2=352.8+
97703.1∙ 0.7524
[ ( 300−200 ) 10−6 ]=¿357.4℃=630.4 K
−10000 3
=13984.7 kg / m ∙h
7
k s 2=4.1 ∙ 10 ∙ e 1.987∙ 630.4
1
(−r ¿ ¿ s)=0.36 ¿
38315.4 ∙ 87500
T 3=357.4+
97703.1 ∙0.7524
[ ( 200−100 ) 10−6 ]=¿ 361.96℃=634.96 K
−10000 3
=14809.9 kg /m ∙ h
7 1.987 ∙634.96
k s 3=4.1∙ 10 ∙ e
1
(−r ¿ ¿ s)=0.676 ¿
38315.4 ∙ 87500
T 4=361.96 +
97703.1∙ 0.7524
[ (100−50 ) 10−6 ] =¿364.2℃=637.24 K
−10000 3
=15235.9 kg/m ∙ h
7 1.987 ∙637.24
k s 3=4.1∙ 10 ∙ e
1
(−r ¿ ¿ s)=1.32 ¿
Presupunem c s 5 =1 ppm
38315.4 ∙ 87500
T 5=364.2+
97703.1∙ 0.7524
[ ( 50−1 ) 10−6 ]=¿366.4℃=639.4 K
−10000 3
=15647.87 kg/ m ∙ h
k s 3=4.1∙ 107 ∙ e 1.987 ∙639.4
Reacția de hidrogenare
Se calculează căldura de reacție dezvoltată în proces:
'
¿
(−∆ H ¿¿ S ´ )· GB (C s −C s )+(−∆ H H )∙ GB ∙ ( c HN 0 −c HNf )
−∆ H H = 0 f
¿
G B ∙(C HN −C HN )
0 f
(−∆ H ¿¿ ¿¿¿ H )∙ GB
T =T 0 + ∙(c HN 0−c HNf )¿ ¿
G∙ c p
Avem c HN 0=0.12
1
−3
(−r ¿ ¿ H )=1.96 ∙ 10 ¿
Presupunem c H 1 =0.09
268.5∙ 87500
T 1=350+ ( 0.12−0.09 )=359.6 ℃=632.6 K
97703.1∙ 0.7524
−17300
k H =5.0 ∙ 109 ∙ e 1.987 ∙632.6 =5268.6
Presupunem c H 2 =0.07
268.5 ∙87500
T 2=359.6+ ( 0.09−0.07 )=365.9 ℃=638.9 K
97703.1∙ 0.7524
−17300
9
k H =5.0 ∙ 10 ∙ e 1.987 ∙638.9 =6034.39
1
(−r ¿ ¿ H )=2.37 ∙ 10−3 ¿
Presupunem c H 3 =0.06
268.5 ∙87500
T 3=365.9+ ( 0.07−0.06 )=369.09 ℃=642.1 K
97703.1∙ 0.7524
−17300
k H =5.0 ∙ 109 ∙ e 1.987 ∙642.1 =6458.45
1
−3
(−r ¿ ¿ H )=2.6 ∙ 10 ¿
I
c Hf :
268.5 ∙ 87500
370=369.09+ (0.06−c I Hf )
97703.1 ∙ 0.7524
I
c Hf =¿0.0572 kg HN/kg benzină
T f =370℃=643 K
−17300
9 1.987 ∙643
k Hf =5.0∙ 10 ∙ e =6582.2
1
−3
(−r ¿ ¿ H )=2.656 ∙ 10 ¿
Calcule pentru TREAPTA II
Avem c I Hf =c II H 0=0.0572
T 0=350 ℃=623 K
−17300
k H =5.0 ∙ 109 ∙ e 1.987 ∙623 =4261.75
1
−3
(−r ¿ ¿ H )=4.1∙ 10 ¿
Presupunem c H 1 =0.04
268.5∙ 87500
T 1=350+ ( 0.0572−0.04 )=355.50 ℃=628.5 K
97703.1∙ 0.7524
−17300
9 1.987 ∙628.5
k H =5.0 ∙ 10 ∙ e =4816.16
1
−3
(−r ¿ ¿ H )=5.2 ∙10 ¿
Presupunem c H 2 =0.02
268.5∙ 87500
T 2=355.50+ ( 0.04−0.02 )=361.89 ℃=634.89 K
97703.1∙ 0.7524
−17300
k H =5.0 ∙ 109 ∙ e 1.987 ∙634.89 =5536.72
1
(−r ¿ ¿ H )=9.0∙ 10−3 ¿
Presupunem c H 3 =0.005
268.5∙ 87500
T 3=361.89+ ( 0.02−0.005 )=366.68 ℃=639.68 K
97703.1∙ 0.7524
−17300
9 1.987 ∙639.68
k H =5.0 ∙ 10 ∙ e =6135.50
1
−3
(−r ¿ ¿ H )=32.5 · 10 ¿
(−r ¿ ¿ H ) ¿, 1
c H , kgH/kgB T, ºC T, K k H ,kg /m3 ∙ h 3
kgH /m ∙ h (−r H )
Treapta I
I
c H 0=0.12 350 623 4261.75 511.41 1.96 ∙ 10−3
I
c H 1=0.09 359.6 632.6 5268.6 474.17 2.11 ∙10−3
I
c H 2=0.07 365.9 638.9 6034.39 422.41 2.37∙ 10−3
c I H 3=0.06 369.09 642.1 6458.45 387.51 2.6∙ 10−3
I
c Hf =0.0572 T f =T 0 +20=370 643 6582.2 376.5 2.656∙ 10−3
Treapa II
II I II
c =0.0572 T 0 =T 0=350
H0 623 4261.75 243.77 4.1∙ 10−3
II
c =0.04 H1 355.50 628.5 4816.16 192.65 5.2∙ 10−3
II
c =0.02 H2 361.89 634.89 5536.72 110.73 9.0∙ 10−3
II
c =0.005
Hf 366.68 639.68 6135.50 30.68 32.5∙ 10−3
0.03
0.025
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Calculul diametrului și înălțimii reactorului
c sf
dc s
V r =−G B ∙∫
3
,m ¿
cs0 (−r ¿¿ s)
(1 1
∑ r + r ∙ ∆ cs
s1
)
s2
=0.00002182+ 0.000028+0.000006369+0+0.000014429+0.0000518+ 0.0000499+ 0.0
2
V=A·GB =0.001833·87500=160.379 m3
2.) Reacția de hidrogenare:
A= -0.000758004 m 2
V= A·GB = 66.325 m3
π D2
V r= ∙H
4
H = 5D
2
πD
160.379=5 D
4
3
5D π D =¿641.516
D=
√
641.516
3
5π
= 3.44 m
H= 5D = 5·3.44=17.2 m