ZIMBABWE ; MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL (HEXCO) 7 NATIONAL DIPLOMA ~ . eee SUBJECT: Principles of Extractive Metallurgy PAPER NO: 536/805 DURATION: 3 Hours t 7 MARCH/APRIL 2018 EXAMI REQUIREMENTS 1. Scientific calculator 2, Periodle table. 3. Formulae booklet. 4, Graph paper. 5, Ellingham diagram. ‘Answer all questions. “This paper consists of 3 printed,PAPER NO: §36/S05 - PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY cSt QUESTION 1 ‘A mild steel tank of wall thickness 10mm contains water gt 90°C when the ‘atmospheric temperature is 15°C. The thermal conductivity of mild steel is, S0kW /m.K, and the heat transfer coefficients for the inside and outside of, the tanle are 2800 and 11W/m K respectively. Calculate: |The rate of heat loss per unit area of tank surface, (12 marks) b) The temperature of the outside surface of the tank, (8 marks) QUESTION 2 The analysis, by mass of an anthracite fuel is 90% carbon, 3% hydrogen, 2% oxygen, 1% nitrogen, Calculate the strichiometric airs fuel ratio (g/kg). Given that the analysis ofthe dry combustion products by volume 4s 16.2% COs, 3.5% Oz, 80.3% Na, calculate the ar: fuel mato and % excess sir used (20 marks) UESTION 3 Use the Elingham diagram 18] What is Gat 1000"C for the formation of solid MnO from pure raciganese and oxygen gas? (4marks) b) Ifyou have pure solid Fe and pure solid FeO in equilibrium at 1000°C what would the equilibrium oxygen pressure be? F (marks) ¢) Ifyou want to reduce FeO to metallic Fe at 1000°@using CO/CO2 tuo minture, what i the minimum percentage of 80" that gus Sine? (marks) 4) Whats AO" for the reaction: 3110, + 4AT = 2AhOy +3TLat 1600°¢7 (6 masks) ©) Whats the equilibrium ratio, forthe reduion of Cus0 to metallic Cu at 400°C? (4:marks)PAPER NO. 536/805 - PRINCIPLES OP EXTRACTIVE MEBALLURGY QUESTION 4 8) Oil of density B6OkE/m! has « kinematic visconity 40S Calculate the critical velocity when tows in « piggisomm bore ‘diameter? 10 marist 1D) Accapillary tube is 30m long and imum bore Thal ad required to produce «flow rate of Benm?/+ie 30mm. The fuid lr ity 8 800K¢/m? Calculate the dynamic and kinematic gest of the ot? Data hy = Bete (10 marten pant ugsnions { A binary alloy having 280% Cu and balance Ag 7790. The ‘td comma ote phases sand 8. Phase © has 9 phase 8 haan 8% Ag at 779°C. At room temperature these are pumgAg and Cu reepectvely Sketch the phase diagram. Label all elds gp lines. Meiting pontta of Cu and Ag are 1083°C and 960°C respectively he famount of « and Bim the above alloy at 779°C and at nage temperature (20 market__ 200d penn ¢ fo sxeuon weded emus ye somsuy_ ALVAIGNVO OL SNOLLONALSNI ‘opto0g wep ‘2Iae) STPOHOM "9yPIMOTED SLNaWaINday NOLLVNINVKG L10Z UAAWAAON/AAIOLIO smon ¢ :NOLLvNG iq sLoaraas sos/oes ‘ON uaava — Bunrmont oapowsa JO & ADUATIVIAN TALLOVELAE GNV ONISSAOOME TAANIN NI ‘\VWOTdIG TWNOLLVN (ooxaH) qIONNOO SNOLLYNINVXS NOLLVONGG HaHOTE \d ADOTONHOGL GNV GONEIOS LNGWAOTAAS ‘LXGL ONV USHOI JO AULSININ ‘NoILvOnGa AUVI, ‘amavanniZ(TRACTIVE NETALLURGY PAPER NO: 536/S05 - PRINCIPLES OF UESTION 1 ‘4.50.08 aluminium disk at 300°C is placed in 2¢Qem? of ethyl alcohol at %) 100°C, then quickly removed. The aluminium teraperature is found to hhave dropped to 120°C, What isthe new temperacure of the ethyl alcohol? Density ethyl alcohol = 790k«/m*3 Heat capacity of ethyl alcohol = 2400//kg-K Heat capacity of aluminium = 900)/k9-K (7 marks) Feeree by -A-1.8m wide by LOm tall by 0.65m deep home forever it insulated with 6.0om thick Sxyrofoam insulation. AL what rate must the Compressor removed heat from the freezer to Beep the inside at “ao in room where the air temperature i 25°C? Ccondttivity of Styrofoum= 0035W/. (6 mark ©) Acyinder contains 7.0g of nitrogen gas. How much work must be ddone to congress the gasat a constant temperature of 80°C until the volume is halved? w = -nerin(2) (S marks) QUESTION 2 5) Biely describe five properties of refratories? (10 marks) b) withthe aid of an example, classify refractories appropriately? (10 marks) QUESTIONS “Explain KirehtfT law of radiation and give one application ofthe la i of Doremateure anaes peep onl rnd te enpenme otaoen fin ll Be ee a aaa oa ‘ 1aOF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY QUESTION 4 ») ox Show by means of sketches, five invariant binary reactions in phases? (20 marks) Use a sketch ofa binary isomorphons system to describe the formation of microstructure at any composition of choice?(10 marks) Cateutate the air/fuel ration py mass for a fuel with the following ultimate analysis; cartpn 73%; hydrogen 45%, eaygen 5.9% nitrogen 1.5%, sulphur 5%, water 2.19% ash 8%. (20 marks) fxmZIMBABWE SCHOOL OF MINES Serving the Mining SADC Industry NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN MINERAL PROCESSING & EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY SUBJECT: Principles of Extractive Metallurgy TIME: 1300-1600 hours DATE: 8 June 2017 DURATION: 3 Hours END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS 2017 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES ‘Answer ALL Questions. REQUIREMENTS 1. Graph paper 2. Ellingham diagram 8, Periodic table_ lyse? [s marks} —— . {5 marks] ightghe he relevance ouimateanalvis? : uence rour choice of & pain rie Sive facta ate sos ely 0 fi sacks) fer? Question smospheric smi tetanic of wal hice Tam contains WAT LPOG AT the atmosp! Ami tee ark of chal conduc of ad tlt KK, and the heat Leper re nea tse f the tania 2900 and respectively. Calculate: [6 marks} |) The rte of heat los per unit area of tank surface 4 marks) 3 TRS temperature ofthe outside surface ofthe tan Question 4) Toe analysis, by mans of m anthracite fuel 8 90% carbon 9 TATE The analysis open. calculate te eteichiometrc ai fue} rato (8/ Bh 2 OE A analyse ofthe dry combustion products, ty volume, is ore a a Or, 80.2% Na, calculate the ar fuel ratio and % excess sir used. (20 mares) ‘binary ally having 28we Cu & balance Ag solidifies #:7%C. The eli Any to ohases A. Phase a has 9% Cu whereas phase P has 8% AE consists of oo temperature, theve are pure Ag & Cu respectively. Sketch the 2 Gates, Label a eis fines. Meng points of 24 & Ag are 10836 & pha dlogaely. Estnae the amount of & Bin the above alloy at 779% {at room temperature. [10 marks} Question ¢ ) Describe how to optimize the use of excess air in combustion? [5 marks} 1) Whatare the easel romirement of good refractory material? [8 marks} c) Briefly describe the cause of volume instability in refractory materials under service? (8 marks) 4) Describe the factors which influence the extent of hea oes through the furnace wall? (S marks) ‘aujsune 2017‘Quention Use the Etingham diagram What ts S0-1ks/mal) at 1000°C forthe formation of slid MnO from ure manganese and oxygen gas? 2 marks) 1) Ufyou pure slid Fe and pure solid FeO in equim at 100°C trhat would the equim oxygen presmare be en (2 marks} i) yc want to reduce FeO to metalic Fe at 000°C using CO/CO: was tne, what othe eunmtin percentage of CO that a8 STO? ™ 80-}mol for the reaction 3710; + AAI + 2ALOs ¢ 37a r600"e? (2 marks} +) What a the equiltetum rato for Hs/H.0 forthe reduction of CuO to metalic Cu'at 400°C? (2 marks} by Explain bie ton factors that ave moat ely te nftaence your choice of 8 reactors? 9) Oilof density 60\g/ has a Kinematic visconty of 40eSt. Calculate the erteal vlotty when i ows in a pepe SOmn bore diameter, (5 marks} )—Acaplary tube is 30mm long and Imm bore. The head required to ‘roduc » ow rate of Bum’) i 30mm The fd dene) ia BOOKE/ Eiculte the dynamic and kinematic viscosity ofthe oll: [5 marks} : me 2017ZIMBABWE MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL (HEXCO) NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY SUBJECT: Principles of Extractive PAPER NO: 536/805 Metallurgy DURATION: 3 Hours REQUIREMENTS ‘A non-programmable calculater INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE Answer any FIVE (5) questions. —————E— Ee “This paper consists of 3 printed pages.PAPER NO: $36/$0S ~ PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY QUESTION 1 1a} Distinguish between a bubble, a cavity and a droplet. (6 marks) b) Explain and account for the behaviour of mercury, when a capillary tube is placed in it. (10 marks) ©) A U-tube with limbs of diameters of 5.0mm an¢ 2.00mm contains ‘water of surface tension 7.0 x 10" Nm"*, angle of contact zero and. Gensity 1 000kgm:. Find the difference in the levels. ($ marks) QUESTION 2 fa) Define the following terms: i) Temperature (2 marks) ii) Radiation (@ marks) ii) Thermal radiation (2 marks) State any five properties of ultraviolet radiation (10 marks) A boiler initially at a temperature of 180K is being heated by a ‘material of specific heat capacity of 0.85 KJ1K? at 200kg sec Calculate the final temperature. (4 marks) ‘QUESTION 3 a) Write down equations showing the following transformations: j) Butectiéam (2 marks) fi) Butectoid (2 marks) fil) Deritectifaim Cesseckeey (2 marks) b) Suggest any five properties of an eutectitum transformation. (10 marks) ©) Distinguish between an interstitial and substitutional solid solutions. (4 marks) UESTION ¢ ) Distinguish between: i) Ultimate analysis and proximate analysis (4 marks) ii) Free moisture and equilibrium moisture (4 marks) b) Explain briefly how you would carry on the determination of ash content in a fuel sample. (12 marks)PAPER NO: _536/SOS ~ PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY QUESTION § fa) Suggest any five properties that a good fuel should have, (5 marks) b) Define the term ‘ranks’ as itis implied in coals (2 marks) ©) Which coal would you use for: i) Domestic fuels (1 mark) ii) Steam generation (1 mark) fil) Thermal power stations (1 mark) i) Production of metallurgical coke (i mark) ¥) Production of producer gas (mark) 4) Explain briefly how fixed carbon is determined (2 marks) ¢) Explain why high ash contents in fuels should be discouraged (6 marks) UESTIO! a) Define the following terms: 4) Extensivefunction “Thereredyomies (2: marks) i) Energy ii) Entropy i) Hess'law bb) Write down equations showing the relationship between: 4) The specific heat capacities of gases (2 marks) il) The speeific heat capacities gases and the specific gas constant (2 marks) ©) Given the thermodynamic data for nitrogen dicxide (see the table {below} determine which form of nitrogen dioxice is present at room Coaperature and at what temperature would the form change into the other speche. (@ marks) ‘Thermodynamic data for Nitrogen dioxide: ‘uf [Kjmote*]_—S* UK NOx 33.18 240.06 M2049) 9.16 304.29ZIMBABWE SCHOOL OF MINES ‘Serving the SADC Mining Industry NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN MINERAL PROCESSING & EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY SUBJECT: Principles of Extractive DATE: 20 May 2015 Metallurgy TIME: (0900 - 1200 DURATION: 3 Hours MAY 2015 — END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS REQUIREMENTS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1, Answer ALL Questions. 2. Each question carries Twenty (20) marks. ‘This paper consists of 3 printed pages_rnePoiseuile's aw is glen by the equation: @ = Sj; Define all the terms used? (5 marks} a ression forthe terminal velocty, vof a sphere fling ina viscous ©) Dervean eres forthe terminal vay, va shared 8 AS Addins sere os, and density, a Question 2 Describe in deal the four types of thermometers? Question 3 Describe the principle of operation ofthe following types of viscometers: redwood, Utube, fang sphere and rotational? [20 marks} Question + a) » [20 marks} Define 2 blackbody? [B marks) {In the movle"2001 a space odyssey” an astronaut walks briefly in space wath 'o space suit. Would he have felt the cold of space? Calculate the energy lst in 30 seconds and heat radiated bythe Individual. Given that the surface area of an average human body is 1.5m, skin temperature Is apprcximately 30°C, absorptivity 1s 5.67 x 10 "W/mK" and emissivity of 0.90. i marks) ‘The walls ofthe houses ina new estate are tobe constructed using aeavity wal” ) Distinguish between the two laws of fd flow (6 marks) State: i) Reynolds taw ii) Stote's law defining the terms used (4 marks) 5) Suggest any two elements which can be used for measuring Muid flow. : a (2 marks) QUESTION 5 1a) Suggest any five properties that a good refractory should have. at ye pres (5 marks) 6 4 Give an example for each of the following types of refractions, i} Dense bricks is) Insulation bricks ii) Monolithitis, (3 marks} Suggest any three advantages of dense bricks. (3 marks) Suggest any three (2) disadvantages of dense bricks, (3 marks) Suggest any six (6) advantages of silica bricks. (6 marks)>) a OF EXTRACTIVE METAL Define: i) Joule’s law it) The specific heat capacity of a solid or liquid. (4 marks) Write down two equations showing the relationship between the two specific heat capacities of gases defining the terms used (4 marks) A perfect gas has a molar mass of 26kg/k mol anda value of ¥ = 1.26. Calculate the heat rejected when a unit mass of the gas is contained in a rigid vessel at 3Bar and 316°C is then cooled until the pressure falls to 1 Bar, (12 marks)ZIMBABWE MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL (HEXCO) NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY SUBJECT: Mineral Processing, PAPER NO: 536/806 "OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2013 EXAMINATION | REQUIREMENTS Calculator INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE Answer ALL questions This paper constats of 4 printed pageNO: 536/06 ~ MINERAL PRO UESTION 1 (a) Define the term comminution, (2 marks) (b) State Rittinger, Kick and Bond’s theories of commixution, giving an equation for each (6 marks} (c)__ Name three stages of crushing ore from the mine and give the respective types of crushers that are used. (6 marks) (4) Grinding is the most energy consuming unit operation in mineral processing and close control of the factors affecting this operation will ensure efficient mineral processing. Discuss this statement and state which parameters ought to be controlled and how. (11 marks) QUESTION 2 o Define the role of the following reagents in flotation and give one example of each. {collectors (3 marks) {i} frothers (B marks) (ii) depressants (3 marks) liv) pH modifiers (3 marks) A flotation plant treats SO tonnes of solids per hour. The feed ple pemp containing 40% solids by weight is conditioned for § minutes 2fork with reagentsbeing pumped to flotation, Calculate the volume of \__eoriditioning tank required. @ Specific gravity of solids is 2.7) (6 marks) In a mineral processing plant, treating 80% tph of ore, the head grade is 1.78g/t, the concentrate grade is 3.59g/t and the tailings contain 0.21g/t of the value metal. Compute the following () Recovery (3 marks) (i) Tonnage of the concentrate and tailings. (4 marks)PAPER NO: 536/06 ~ MINERAL PROCESSING QUESTION 3 Rod mill ~ ball mill ~ cyclone circuit +<—— water ' Rod mill ioe Water cyclone > | Overfiow t | underflow Ball mill + Calculate the circulating load ratiok in the grinding circuit shown fa) Svea thc amount of water added tothe Tog ml apd cyclone Se een melee tae YR Feed to rod mill = 55 tonnes of dy ore per hou. Rod mil eecharge = 62% slide Cyclone fed 40% solids Chelone overiow 29% solids Cjelone undertow =74% solide (16 marks) (0) (What roe does water play in mineral processing operations. marl li) Define the term dition rato (2 maria (o) Discuss the classification of mineral particles in a mechanical iS marks) clagitier.Write briet noted on the following (i) vibrating feeders (4 marks) (il) apron feeders (4 marks) (ii) chain feeders (4 marks) (0) Suggest possible cause: sand corrective measures for the following probiems. (Copy and complete the following table) ‘Vibrating screen TBiect | Low vibrating | amplitude {i | Undersize thrown over [il] [Over size in fine chutes (@marey (@) With the aid of @ flow chart diagram briefly describe the HMS/DMS cess, (7 marks) JenZIMBABWE MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL (HEXCO) NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY SUBJECT: Principles of Extractive PAPER NO: 536/805 Metallurgy [ OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2012 EXAMINATION | REQUIREMENTS, ‘Avnon programmable calculator INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE Answer five questions. This paper conslats of 4 printed pages.1 PAPER NC RACTIVE META 536/805 - PRINCIPL QUESTION 1 8] Write down equations showing the relationship between i) temperature, universal gas constant, pressure volume ete ii) internal energy, work done and thermal energy iti) entropy, enthalpy, Gibb's free energy and Teruperature iy) the variation of entropy with temperature at constant pressure ¥) the Gibb's free energy, Faraday's constant and EMF of a cel (10 marks) b) State any three ways of classifying metal sulphides. (6 marks) 6) Calculate the equilibrium constant of the relations of a Daniell cell ata temperature of 25°C given that Te 208K F=96485 andR=8,314 (4 marks) UESTION 2 a) Explain the following terms i) peritectic reaction i) eutectoid reaction fis) _peritectoid reaction ix} a supper lattice (8 marks) b) Suggest any four properties of a eutectic (8 marks) co) Show on a unitary system of water the following points i) fusion point ji) aunivariant point iii) condensation point iv} invariant point~ PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACT State any six properties of a refractory (2 marks) b] Suggest any two examples of dense bricks (2 marks) ©} State any four disadvantages of dense bricks (4 marks) 4) Which are the four types of silica bricks (4 marks) ©) Name the four minerals which have the general formula AL Os. (3 marks) ) Which mineral is produced when the Al:Os is heated? (1 mark) QUESTION 4 8] Define the terms nud i) shear ii) viscocity (6 marks) b) Name the two types of liquid flow and distinguish between them. (6 marks) ¢) Write down the equations for Poisculle and Stroke fermulae stating f the meanings of the formulae used, (6 marks} d) Name any two types of flow metres. (2 marks} } 5 ki QUESTION 5 tt { 8] Explain briefly how the hot water central heating system works and show on a diagram, the equipment used and the flow directions. (20 marks) >) State any other two appliances, which use the principle of convection, (2 marks) ©) State the two laws of the reflection of light. (4 marks) 4) Show on a diagram of the Henschel Experiment the following, i) the incident ray ii) ultra violet iil) violet iv) red rayPAPER NO: 5: IPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY QUESTION 6 a) State any four properties of infrared radiation. (4 marks} b) Draw a diagram of a thermopile thermometer. (8 marks) ¢) Show on a well labelled diagram, the relationship of heat energy to x-rays, thermal energy, visible spectrum, radio waves in the electromagnetic spectrum and show the direction of increasing wavelength as well as the Hertzian and infrared, (8 marks) paZIMBABWE MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL (HEXCO) NATIONAL DIPLOMA. 1" MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY SUBJECT: Principles of Extractive PAPER NO: 536/805 Metallurgy NOVEMBER 2011 EXAMINATION | REQUIREMENTS A non programmable calculator INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE ‘Anewer any five (5) questios ee ‘This paper consists of 3 printed pages.pm SD asceny sn popricncta nici. Spain saat . oa 2 1) suet any two examples deoe bk We marcy zB ©) State any four disadvantages of dense bricks, (4 marks) © UY Which are the four types of lic bisa? (mares n=. €) Name the four minerals which have the general formula of AlOs_ en ag be Hon nce (3 marks) vr" “Which mineral is produced when the ALO is heated? (1 mark) APD) saw any ted Was8 Gf clasiving meta suid. $e nace ABER NO: 596/505 - PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY QUESTION] =~ a 8) Wet down equations showing he rations betwen gy = RT 4) temperature, universal gas constant, pressure vlumé ete 4. wy ii) internal energy, work done and thermal energy Ul = ii) entropy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and Temperature A(a'= AH ~TAS is) the vatation of entropy with temperature at constant pressure 2LS°.~4! 4) the Gibbs tee engre, Faraday’ constant and the EMF ofa cel Meee ee ee emake) fee ae eet aa ‘16s [Sa ©) Calculate the equilibrium constant of the reactions of a Daniell cell at a Beg. st temperature of 25°C given that 7-296" P= 96 488 and ERY i (marks) AT Wk- AG uv AG © =ok IKK = onFe 8) Explain the ftlowing terms nye ye perecte reacts t+ Bye Qs RT feutectoid reaction Kar? But Yous ii) pertectoid reaction andy f° —Piv) a super lattice on (mus) fe Suess ny our rope a tet (emt) ©) Show on a unitary system of water the following points: |) fusion point ii) a univariant point iil) condensation point invariant point iv) invariant point (4 marks) QUESTIONS Vy aS Raa tittnee th athe by * #0, —> aatPAPER NO: 536/S05 - PRINCIPL 8), Define the tens ‘ea % 3) shear and Y ii) viscosity (6 marta 1) Name the two (2) types of liquid Now and distinguish berween them \e marks) ¢) Write down the equations for Piseulle and stoke formulae stating the tneaings ofthe mila seed net, omar 4) Name any two 2) ypenoffow meters. Ty Gy maria) ee co n M@su)) - m “V¥.Ce-Ae) a) Explain briefly how the hot water central heating systen work and show on y= earn or eeipment used and ie fow directions. (10 masks) OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY b) State any other two appliances, which us the principle of convection. SS” Geum) °C «) State the two laws of the reflection of ght (4 mar 4) Show on a dagram of the Herschel Experinent he flbwing 4) theinciden ray i) ultra violet va i) violet iv) red ray. (4 marks) QUESTION 6 a} State any four properties of infrared radiation. (4 marks) + ») Draw a diagram of @ thermopile thermometer. (8 marks} ) Show on a well- labelled diagram the relationship of heat energy to X-rays, thermal energy, visible spectrum, radio waves in the electromagnetic spectrum and show the direction of increasing wavelength as well as the Hertian and the infrared. (8 marks)ZIMBABWE, MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL (HEXCO) NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY SUBJECT: Principles of Extractive PAPER NO: 36/805 Metallurgy DURATION: 3 Hours REQUIREMENTS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE Answer all questions "This paper consists of 3 printed pages.PER NO: QUESTION a) _List the three types of Fuels? (3 marks) b) What factors influence the selection of the type of fuel? (5 marks) 6) Briefly describe four properties of liquid fuels? (12 marks) QUESTION 2 fa) Describe in detail the following metallurgical terms: Ferrite, cementite, pearlite, austinite. » (12 marks) b) For alloy of two hypothetical metals A and B, there exist anes, A rich phase and a, B rich phase. From the mass fractions of both phase of ‘two different alloys, which are at the same temperature, determine the composition of the phase boundary (or solubility imit) for both « and 6 at this temperature? ‘Alloy composition Fraction of phase | Fraction of B BO% whA—40% we | OST OAs 20% wt A-70% wt B | 0.14 0.86 ~ marks) QUESTION 3 fa) Briefly describe with the use of an example the following types of internuclear forces: London forces, dipole-dipole forces, ion -induced dipole forces, dipole-induced forces? (12 marks} b) Describe the influence of the following terms in the behaviour of liquids: surface tension, capillary action? (8 marks) AG= AnasAPI IPLES OF. \CTIVE METALLUI QUESTION 4 a) What are the general requirements of a refractory material? (5 marks) b) List the advantages of ceramic fibre insulation? (5 marks) ©) A furnace wall is made of 75mm thick fireclay brick and 6.4mm thick mild steel plate, The inside surface of brick temperature is 647°C and | outside air temperature is 27°C. Determine heat loss per unit area of furnace wall? Consider Kayiex = L1W/m2 Kyent = S9W/m. C, hy = 68w/m2c, (10 marks) QUESTION 5 a) Recall lechateler’s principle? (4 marks) b) Use an equation or equations highlight four of Leciatlier’s deductions? (16 marks) PimPAPER NO. 5: UES! » QUESTION 2 Write down equations showing the rela ¥ State any three ways of classifying metal sulphi T=208°K P= 96485 and R= 8,314 Explain the following terms P) ii ») Suggest any four propel Show on a un i ii Py Na Calculate the equilibrium constant ofthe relations of a Daniell cell ala temperature of 25°C given that SOS - PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURY ship between temperature, universal gas constant, prensure volume ete internal energy, work done and thermal eneriy entropy, enthalpy, Gibb's free energy and Temperature the variation of entropy with temperature at constant pressure | the Gibb’s free energy, Faraday’s constant and EME of a cel | (10 marks) ao (4 marks) peritectic reaction eutectoid reaction peritectoid react A supper lat lary system fusion point univariant point ‘condensation point invariant pointWE EDL ATION EXx5 5855, TION Coney, s ATION AL DIPLoMs IN MINERS PROCESSING & EXTRA HVy METALL RGy senses wt era PAPE ws bare, Toe PSTHECTIN 16 sSenp ary Aime BYE 08 pene Ti Peper nani 35 prints pagesPaper No. $36) inciples of Extractive Metallurgy a ») 9 1 Define the following terms: - i) Components ii) Degrees of freedom iii) System State any two (2) properties of a binary enteotic. ‘Show by means of diagram the copper-silver phase diagram given that Copper melts at 1 085°C and silver at 962°C and that the maximum solubility of copper in silver at the eltectic temperature of 779°C is 8.8% land that for silver in Copper is 8%. The eutectic composition is 28.1 Copper. From the diagram: - i) Map out the available phases showing the liquidus and solidus lines. ji) Calculate the relative compositions of alloy consisting of 20% silver at a temperature of 800°C. uestion 2 a) » 9 a) State Bernoulli's equation. ‘tate two instruments which ean be used for fluid measurements (One such instruments tapers from 300mm diameter atthe entrance to Toomm in diameter atthe throat, and the discharge coefficient is 0.98. |p differential mercury U-tube gauge is connected between pressure tapings atthe flow of water and the water fills the leads tothe U-tube and is contaet with mercury. Calculate the discharge when he difference of level in the U-tube is 55mm. tion “Show by means of diagrams the angles of contact in a capillary tube of - i) Water i) Mereury pee. [2 marks} [2 marks} [2 marks} [4 marks} (8 marks} [2 marks} [2 marks} (2 marks} [16 marks} (2 marks} (2 marks}uestion 4 a » 9 ‘State the following: - i) Kirchhoff Law [2 marks} ii) Wien’s Law [2 marks} Show by means of a wel labeled diagram the relationship between the missive power against wave length for a black body at temperature 550K, 800K, 1 250K, 2 800K and also show the visible speetrum [5 marks] Calculate the rate of heat loss by radiation from unit surface area of body of at 1100°C in black surroundings at 40°C, when the emissivity at 40°C is 0.9, and the emissivity at 1100°C is 0.4: - i) When the body is grey with £ ii) When the body is not grey iil) Caleulate the over estimitation ofthe grey body assumption (11 marks] Stefan’ constant ¢ = 5.67 x 10° w/m? (KIM) 4 Question S a » ° Distinguish between the ultimate and proximate analysis, giving an example of each, [6 marks} Give one example ofeach ofthe following kinds of fuels: - Gaseous (0 mask] ii) Liquid fuel {0 mask] ‘Asample of cry anthracite has the following composition by mas. Carbon 90%; Hydrogen 3%; Oxygen?.5% Nitrogen 196; Sarphur 0.5%; Ash 3% Calculate the stoichiometric arto fue rato. (12 marks] Molecular masses (C= 12, Ha=1, 03=32, NPaper No, 536/S0S: Principles of Extractive Metallurgy Question 6 Define the following Thermodynamic terms giving an example of each: - i) Extensive function [3 marks} ii) Intensive funetion marks} b) Write down equations showing the relationship between : - i) Internal energy, work done and the heat involved ii) _Enthalpy, mass, specific heat capacity and temperature iil) Entropy, enthalpy, temperature and Gibb's free ene-gy [6 marks} ©) _Tkgof Nitrogen (molar mass 28kg/kmole/is compressed reversibly and isothermal from 1.01bar,20°C to 4.2bar. Calculate the work done the heat flow during the process. Assume Nitrogen to be aperfet gas, R=8.3145KIKgK eas. °