aneeaummenell \MPLE 4.1 Consider a concrete beam of rectangular section, 150 mm wide by 300 mm deep, prestressed by 4 high-tensile wires of 5 mm diameter stressed to 1200 N/mm’. The wires are located as n eccentricity of 50 mm. The stresses developed at the soffit of the bean, vill be examined by consider- ing the ‘nominal concrete’ and ‘equivalenco .ncrete’ section. Prestressing force = (1200 x 80) = 96,0 10 nN. For the nominal concrete section, A = 45,000 mm’ and J = 3375x10° mm‘. +. Stress at the soffit of the section = (2am) = 4.27 N/mm”. For the equivalent concrete section, assuming the modular ratio a.=6 A,= 45,000 + (6— 1)80 = 45,400 mm* Position of the centroid of the section from the soffit = 149 mm. I, = {3375 x 10°) + (150 x 300 x 1”) + (400 x 497’) = 3385 x 10° mm! 96000 x 49149 eye =4,20 N/mm? fit =! Fe an Stress at so! 3385 10"Analysis of Prestress and Bending Stresses. 103 0.07 pereentace Difference = (C2 x 10) = 1.64% fous 42 ‘rectangular concrete beam of eross-section 30 em deep and 20 em wide js prestressed by means of 15 wires of 5 mm diameter located 6.5 cm from the bottom of the beam and 3 wires of diameter of 6 mm, 2.5 cm 'm the top. Assuming the prestress in the steel as 840 N/mm, calou- Inte the stresses at the extreme fibres of the mid-span section when the beam is supporting its own weight over a span of 6 m. If a uniformly distributed live load of 6 kN/m is imposed, evaluate the maximum work- sngstress in concrete. The density of concrete is 24 kIN/m®, 200mm 25mm L i Live Load = 6kN/m ees t |_— m —— Fig. 44 Prestressed Beam with Rectangular Section Supporting Live Loads From Fig. 4.4, Distance of the centroid of the prestressing force from the base, [as 26)40 x 25) c 100mm Eccentricity e = (150 - 100) = 50 mm Prestressing force P = (840 x 18 x 19.7) = 3x10°N Area of eross-seetion A = (300 x 200) = 6 x 10' mm! . Second moment of area = (eo) =45x10'mm* ‘45x 10" Section modulus (Z, and Zy) = (a 3x 108 mn? Self-weight of beam = (0.3 0.2% 24) = 1.44 kN/m 2 446) _ 6.48 kN Self weight moment M,=104 Prestressed Concrete . Live load moment. = (°)- 27 kNm 310° 6x 10* P) 2 Direct stress due to prestress (5) -( )= 5 N/mm Pe Z 3x 10°«50 3 Bending stress due to prestress ) = (2 so = 5 N/mm 3x 10° 6.48 x 10° 2 Self-weight stress Myz = | 298% 10") 9 16 imam 3x 10! 27 x 10° 2 i = la |=9 N/mm Live load stress M/Z ( asa } 5.0 5.0216 9.0 11.16N/mm2 = + + th] oe + + = + [-\ - 5.0 5.0 2.16 9.0 1.16 Prestress Self—Weight Uve load Resultant Stress stress Stress Fig. 4.5 Analysis of Stresses at Mid-Span The resultant stresses due to (self-weight + shown in Fig. 4.5. Maximum working stress ii (compression). Prestress + live load) are n concrete = 11.16 N/mm? EXAMPLE 4.3 */An unsymmetrical L-seetion beam ig used to support an imposed load of 2 Nim oy () span of 8 m. The secti i onal details are top lange, 0) sm wide and 60 mm thick; bottom flang, 100 i thickness of the web = 80 ™m; overall the centre of the span, the effective r the following load conditions: (a) Prestress + self-weight (b) Prestress + self-weight + live load.Analysis of Prestross and Bonding Stresses 105, i ve Load = 2kN/m k-to0mm—| 1 Fig. 4.6 Prestressed Beam with Unsymmetrical |-Section Supporting Live Loads From Fig. 4.6 Prestressing force P = 100 kN ‘Area of concrete A = 46400 mm” Distance of centroid from top y = 156mm, - Second moment of area J = 75.8 x 10’ mm* Zz (2a 7 Jes x10°mm’ 194mm 4 -(322°) 010mm g =(0.0464%1x24)= 1.12 kNm M, = (0.125x1.12x8") = 8.96 kNm M,, = (0.125x2x8")= 16 KNm Stresses at the centre of span ‘Type of stress ‘At top fibre (Nimm®) At bottom fibre (N/mm?) Prestress PIA =+2.15 PelZy = + 6.25 Self-weight stress MZ =- 2.9 Live load stress Mj, = +33 MZ, =~ 5.15 + Compression - Tension106 Prestressed Concrete Resultant stresses: (a) (Prestress + eoluee stress) = (b) Prestress + self-weight stress 2 ‘live load stress) = + 3.3 N/mm’, and + 0.35 N/mm’. 0, and +5.5 N/mm? ExACPLe 4.4 rectangular concrete beam, 250 mm wide and 600 mm deep, is stressed by means of four 14 mm diameter high-tensile bars locateg 200 mm from the soffit of the beam. If the effective stress in the wires ;, 700 N/mm?, what is the maximum bending moment that can be applied to the section without causing tension at the soffit of the beam? A. =(250x600)= 15 x 10°mm? . Z -(2)- 15x 10° mm? 2 A ~(P28)-ct6mn? 4 e=100mm P = (616x700) =431200N P)\_ 2(Pe 2 é ) = 2.87 N/mm’ (2) = 2.87 N/mm’ Prestress at the soffit of the beam = (2.87 + 2.87) = 5.74 N/mm? Peed = maximum moment on the section for zero tension at the bottom face, M Za54 M=(5.74x 15x 109) Wo = 86.1 10°Nmm=86,1 kNm EXAMPLE 4.5 A prestressed concrete beam of section 200 i is 1 mm wide by ep 1s used over an effective span of 6 m to support an imposed | ioed ora The density of concrete is 24 kNim®, ° At the centre of span section of the beam, fl fi i ; (a) the concentric prestressing force nece: PS eee ssary for zero fibre-stress atAnalysis of Prestress and Bending Stresses 107 the soffit when the beam is fully loaded; and (b) the eccentric prestressing force located 100 mm from the bottom of the beam which would nullify the bottom fibre Stresses due to load- ing. A =(200x300)=6 x 10° mm? 4 2 2 =2>(MEH) 9 10°mm? g =(0.20.3%24)=1.44 kN/im M, = (0.125 x 1.44 x6) = 6.48 kKNm M, =(0.125x4x6)=18 kNm Tensile stress at the bottom fibre (6.48 + 18)10° 3x10° | = 8.16 N/mm? due to dead and live loads = [ (a) IfP = concentric prestressing force, for zero stress at the soffit of the beam under loads PIA =8.16 P =(8.16x6x 10°) = 489.6 kN (b) If P= eccentric prestressing force (e = 50 mm), for zero stress at the soffit of the beam under loads (PIA) + (Pe/Z,) = 8.16 1, 50 a1 =8.16 (casa) P =244.8KN forces clearly indicate the al mombors subjected to The magnitudes of the computed prestressing advantages of eccentric prestressing in flexur transverse loads.