a«a£u AdÉ¡u

l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l ­R¡VN­Òf q¡pÉlp

(1)

°œ­m¡LÉe¡­bl fl h¡wm¡ q¡pÉl­pl d¡l¡u E‹Æm erœ l¡S­nMl hp¤¤z flöl¡j

RcÈe¡­j ¢a¢e h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ f¢l¢Qaz ­f±l¡¢ZL flöl¡j L¥W¡l q¡­a HLc¡ r¢œu ¢ed­el
hËa NËqZ L­l¢R­me ¢L¿¹¥ H k¤­Nl fln¤¤l¡j k¤­Nl e¡e¡ Ap‰¢a, ApaÉ, Lm¤oa¡­L
c§l£i¨a Ll­a L¥W¡l q¡­a h¡wm¡ ­R¡VN­Òfl Bp­l Aha£ZÑ q­u­Rez LjÑS£h­e ¢a¢e
¢R­me °h‘¡¢eL, HL¢V l¡p¡u¢eL fË¢aù¡­el LjÑLaÑ¡ Bl hÉ¢š² S£h­e ¢a¢e ¢R­me
…l¦Nñ£l hÉ¢š²­aÆl A¢dL¡l£z AbQ NÒf ­mM¡l Bp­l ¢a¢e kMe Aha£ZÑ q­u­Re, aMe
¢a¢eC q­u E­W­Re q¡pÉl¢pLz
l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ hdÑj¡e ­Sm¡l h¡j¤e f¡s¡ NË¡­j 1880 MË£ø¡­ël 18C j¡QÑ SeÈ NËqZ
L­lez ayy¡­cl B¢c h¡¢s ec£u¡ ­Sm¡l Em¡ h£leN­lz ay¡l ¢fa¡ ¢R­me Q¾cÊ­nMl hp¤¤
Hhw j¡a¡ mrÈ£j¢Z ­ch£z fËb­j AhÙÛ¡ i¡­m¡ e¡ b¡L­mJ flhaÑ£L¡­m ¢fa¡ Q¾cÊ­nMl
à¡li¡‰¡ e¡jL ­cn£u l¡­SÉl j¿»£ q­u¢R­mez p¡¢qaÉ Hhw cnÑen¡­Ù» ay¡l ¢Rm fËhm
Ae¤l¡Nz "ašÄ­h¡¢de£' f¢œL¡u j¡­T j¡­T ¢a¢e ¢mM­aez ay¡l ­mM¡ "pª¢ø B¢cL¡l ašÄ',
"fËmuašÄ', "­hc¡¿¹ fË­hn' CaÉ¡¢c ­pL¡­m ­hn Se¢fËu ¢Rmz hm¡h¡ýmÉ l¡S­nM­ll hs
q­u JW¡l ­r­œ ¢fa¡ Q¾cÊ­nM­ll fËi¡h k­bø L¡kÑLl q­u¢Rmz

l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l¡ ¢R­me Q¡l i¡C J fy¡Q ­h¡ez l¡S­nMl ¢R­me i¡C­cl j­dÉ
¢àa£uz ­pC p§­œC f¢lh¡l J ¢fËuS­el L¡­R ¢a¢e ­jSc¡ e¡­j f¢l¢Qa ¢R­mez ay¡l
­R¡V­hm¡ ­L­V ¢Rm ¢hq¡­ll à¡li¡‰¡uz ¢q¾c£ i¡o¡l j¡dÉ­j ay¡l i¡o¡ ¢nr¡ n¤l¦ q­u¢Rmz
­R¡V­hm¡u c¤d ¢c­m hm­ae "jÉ¡u c¤d ­e¢q ¢fE‰¡', h¡ue¡ dl­ae "q¡¢al am¡u h­p
c¤d M¡­h¡'z Ef¡u¿¹l e¡ ­c­M à¡li¡‰¡ l¡­Sl q¡¢al am¡u h¢p­u a¡­L j¡­T j¡­T c¤d
M¡Ju¡­e¡ q­a¡z l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l °nn­hl p¤¤¾cl ¢hhlZ f¡Ju¡ k¡u ay¡l hsi¡C n¢n­nM­ll
­mM¡ "n¡lc£u¡ k¤N¡¿¹l' f¢œL¡u fËL¡¢na "l¡S­nM­ll ­R­m­hm¡' fËhå¢V­az HC fËhå
­b­L S¡e¡ k¡u :

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 ""HLh¡l Q¾cÊ­nMl (¢fa¡) hm­me g¢V­Ll (l¡S­nM­ll X¡Le¡j) e¡j ¢WL
q­u ­N­Rz jq¡l¡S (mrÈ£nÄl ¢pwq) ¢S‘¡p¡ Ll­me―"­a¡j¡l ¢àa£u ­R­ml
e¡jJ HLV¡ l¡S­nMl q­h e¡¢L? L£ ­nMl q­h?'' B¢j hmm¡j "CJl
q¡C­ep, kMe a¡­L Bn£hÑ¡c L­l­Re, aMe Bf¢eC a¡l ¢n­l¡j¡mÉz B¢j
Bfe¡l p¡j­e a¡l e¡jLlZ Llm¡j l¡S­nMl―à¡li¡‰¡l jq¡l¡S¡ k¡l ¢n­l
B­Rez l¡S¡ j­q¾cÊ f¡­ml pi¡L¢hl e¡j ­b­L HC e¡j ­eJu¡ qu¢ez''1
HlLj B­l¡ e¡e¡ OVe¡l Lb¡ S¡e¡ k¡u Eš² fËhå ­b­Lz ­kje :

""j¡ kMe a¡l q¡­a ­Mme¡ ¢c­ae, ¢V­el C¢”e lh¡­ll h¡¢n, ¢ØfËw-Hl m¡–¥
HL O¾V¡l j­dÉC l¡S­nMl ­m¡q¡ f¡bl J q¡a¥¢l ¢c­u ­i­‰ ­cMa ­ia­l ¢L
B­R―­L­e¡ h¡­S? Bh¡l kMe LmL¡a¡ ­b­L ¢ØfËw Hl ea¥e C¢”e Bp­a¡,
j¡ l¡S­nM­ll q¡­a ­ch¡l pju hm­ae, ­c¢Mn ­ke i¡¢‰n e¡z Aj¢e Q¡l
hR­ll ­R­ml j¤M A¢ij¡­e Nñ£l q­u ­Nm―­Mme¡ ­e­h e¡! a¡lfl j¡
hm­me, HC ­e k¡ M¤n£ Ll! aMe ¢e­S M¡¢eLrZ Q¡¢m­u l¡S­nMl C¢”eV¡l
j¤äf¡a Ll­a¡z''2

""l¡S­nM­ll hup kMe Q¡l, aMe g¥mØVf ¢c­a ¢nM­m¡z c¤Se ­m¡L
hs L¡NS d­l c¡y¢s­u b¡L­a¡ Bl f¡uS¡j¡ Q¡ue¡­L¡V fl¡ l¡S­nMl HL¢V
­f¢¾pm ¢e­u R¥­V H­p L¡NSV¡ g¥­V¡ L­l ­f¢¾pm ­i­‰ ¢c­a¡z HC a¡l q¡­a
M¢sz f­L­V B­V¡­j¢VL ­f¢¾pm, q¡­a ­m¡q¡l ØVÊÉf, LM­e¡ h¡ ­py¡V¡z''3

n¢n­nMl B­lL¢V jS¡l OVe¡ S¡¢e­u­Re ay¡l fËhå¢V­a :

""kMe à¡li¡‰¡u Hm¡j a¡l hup aMe p¡a B¾c¡Sz B¢j m¤¢L­u h¡h¡l h¡„
­b­L ­hNj ¢pN¡­lV Q¥¢l L­l M¡Cz l¡S­nMl kMe Bl HLV¥ hs qm hõ¡j
"J­l g¢VL, HLV¡ ¢pN¡­lV V¡e ¢c¢L, H­a i¡l£ jS¡z' l¡S­nMl HLV¥ ­V­e
­g­m ¢c­a¡z
... h¤­s¡ hu­p kMe ¢cõ£­a Af¡­lne q­m¡, ­hQ¡¢l k¿»e¡u RVgV Ll­Rz
X¡š²¡l p­¿¹¡oL¥j¡l ­pe ­f­n¾V­L AeÉjeú Llh¡l SeÉ hm­me, "¢pN¡­lV M¡e
HLV¡z' ­f­n¾V h­õ, "M¡Ce¡―' LMeJ M¡e¢e? l¡S­nMl Ešl ¢c­m¡, "Bj¡l
c¡c¡ HLh¡l m¤¢L­u M¡C­u ¢Rm ­R­m­hm¡uz' X¡x ­pe hm­me, "You ought

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 to have continued it!' Hhw ­f­n¾V J X¡š²¡l ­q­p EW­mez ky¡l¡ h­me,
l¡S­nMl q¡­p e¡, ay¡l¡ ­cM­me ­l¡N k¿»Z¡­aJ ¢L lLj jS¡ Llh¡l ­Ty¡Lz
BV hRl hu­p j¡R j¡wp OªZ¡u aÉ¡N Ll­m¡z ­m¡­L hm­m¡, l¡S­nMl ­h±Ü
d­jÑ c£¢ra q­hz Cyc¤l L­m fs­m ­R­s ¢ca, j¡l­a¡ e¡z''4
l¡S­nM­ll ­R­m­hm¡l fËbj p¡a hRl L¡­V MsNf¤­lz 1888 ­b­L 1895 MË£ø¡ë
fkÑ¿¹ à¡li¡‰¡u l¡S ú¥­m ¢a¢e fs¡öe¡ L­le Hhw ­pM¡e ­b­L ¢a¢e H¾VÊ¡¾p fl£r¡u
Eš£eÑ qez Hlfl ¢a¢e f¡Ve¡u B­pe Hhw L­m­S i¢aÑ qez HM¡­eC BC.H fs¡l
pju i¡l­al fËbj l¡øÊf¢a X. l¡­S¾cÊ fËp¡­cl hs i¡C j­q¾cÊ fËp¡c ay¡l AeÉaj
pqf¡W£ ¢R­mez 1897 MË£ø¡­ë ¢h.H fs¡l SeÉ ¢a¢e LmL¡a¡u B­pe Hhw ­fËp£­X¾p£
L­m­S ¢h‘¡e ¢e­u i¢aÑ qez HC pj­uC jªZ¡¢me£ ­ch£l p­‰ ay¡l ¢hh¡q quz k¡C­q¡L
1899 MË£ø¡­ë ¢a¢e ­L¢jøÊ£ Hhw ¢g¢S­„ ¢àa£u ­nËZ£l Ae¡pÑ pqL¡­l ¢h.H fl£r¡u Eš£ZÑ
qez Hl HLhRl fl AbÑ¡v 1900 MË£ø¡­ë lp¡uen¡­Ù» fËbjÙÛ¡e A¢dL¡l L­l l¡S­nMl
Hj.H f¡p L­lez a¡l fl c¤hRl BCe ¢hcÉ¡ f­s ¢h.Hm fl£r¡u f¡n L­le ¢a¢ez ¢L¿¹¥
f¡n Ll¡C p¡l, BCe hÉhp¡­L S£¢hL¡ ¢q­p­h NËqZ Ll¡ ­j¡­VC ay¡l i¡­m¡ m¡­N¢ez Hl
L¡lZ Ae¤på¡e L­l nË£ fËjbe¡b ¢hn£ h­m­Re :
""l¡S­nMl fËL«¢aNai¡­hC pv Hhw iâz öd¤ HLb¡ hm­mC pÇf¨ZÑ hm¡
qu e¡z ¢a¢e pwka n¡¿¹ Hhw A¿¹jÑM¤ £ j¡e¤oz a¡­L ¢c­u N­hoZ¡¢cl ¢Q¿¹¡fËd¡e
L¡SC i¡­m¡ q­a f¡­l HLb¡ ¢a¢e ¢e­SJ ­hn h¤­T¢R­mez''5
1903 MË£ø¡­ë BQ¡kÑ fËg¥õQ¾cÊ l¡­ul p­‰ ay¡l p¡r¡v quz A­e­L j­e L­le
­k l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ BQ¡kÑ fËg¥õQ¾cÊ l¡­ul R¡œ ¢R­mez ¢L¿¹¥ H d¡lZ¡ ¢WL euz Bp­m ¢a¢e
¢R­me SNc£nQ¾cÊ hp¤¤l R¡œz ¢h.H LÓ¡­p fs¡L¡m£e l¡S­nMl SNc£nQ¾cÊ hp¤¤l L¡­R
¢LR¥¢ce fs¡l p¤¤­k¡N ­f­u¢R­mez k¡C­q¡L fËg¥õQ¾cÊ l¡­ul p­‰ p¡r¡­al fl a¡l
pq­k¡¢Na¡u ­h‰m ­L¢j­L­ml HLSe ­L¢j­øl f­c ¢ek¤š² qe ¢a¢ez ¢LR¥¢c­el j­dÉC
­h‰m ­L¢j­L­ml phÑju LaÑ«aÆ m¡i L­le Hhw 1932 MË£ø¡­ë c£OÑ ¢ce p¤¤ùi
¥ ¡­h c¡¢uaÆ
f¡m­el fl ü¡­ÙÛÉl L¡l­e ¢a¢e Ahpl NËqZ L­lez
l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l p¡¢qaÉ lQe¡l ¢fR­e HC ­h‰m ­L¢j­L­ml ¢LR¥V¡ q­mJ Ahc¡e
l­u­Rz HC fË¢aù¡e¢Vl A¢dL¡wn L¡SLjÑ qa h¡wm¡u, ¢q­phfœ h¡wm¡u l¡M¡ qaz Jo¤d
f­œl e¡jLl­Z l¡S­nMl h¡wm¡ e¡­jl frf¡a£ ¢R­mez ­kje ­f¡L¡ h¡ L£V j¡l¡l HL¢V

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Jo¤­dl e¡j ¢a¢e ­l­M¢R­me "j¡lL£V'z Hi¡­h h¡wm¡ i¡o¡ QQÑ¡u q¡­a M¢s q­u¢Rm
l¡S­nM­llz flhaÑ£L¡­m ¢a¢e ¢e­SC S¡¢e­u­Re :

""h¡­mÉl L¢ha¡ lQe¡l p­Ml Lb¡ h¡c ¢c­m HC fË¢aù¡­eC Bj¡l p¡¢qaÉ
lQe¡l Blñ, HCM¡­eC ay¡l q¡­a M¢s hm¡ k¡uz AhnÉ j§mÉ a¡¢mL¡ °a¢l Ll¡
h¡ ¢h‘¡fe ­mM¡­L k¢c ­LE p¡¢qaÉ h­m NË¡qÉ L­lez "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£
¢m¢j­VX'Hl B­N Bj¡l k¡ ¢LR¥ h¡wm¡ lQe¡ a¡ Hl h¡C­l ¢LR¥ euz''6

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l¡S­nMl ¢R­me HL ¢h¢Qœ dl­el hÉ¢š²­aÆl A¢dL¡l£z p¡d¡lZi¡­h j­e q­a f¡­l
­k ¢k¢e q¡pÉl­pl L¡lh¡l£ ¢a¢e hÉ¢š²Na S£h­eJ Bj¤­c q­hez ¢L¿¹¥ l¡S­nMl ­plLj
¢R­me e¡z hÉ¢š²Na S£h­e ¢a¢e ¢R­me …l¦Nñ£l l¡ni¡l£ dl­el ­m¡Lz Ae¤l©f¡­ch£
l¡S­nM­ll hÉ¢š²aÆ EcO¡Ve L­l­R­e HCi¡­h :

""Bj¡l ¢hnÄ¡p ¢Rm flöl¡j Bj¡l flj ­pÀq¡Øfc ¢höl ü¡j£, a¡l ­mM¡l
jaC q¡¢pM¤¢n­a il¡ AaÉ¿¹ p¡j¡¢SL, Q¡m¡L QVf­V HL¢V Bj¤­c ­m¡L q­hez
¢L¿¹¥ J­L ­c­M j­e j­e i¡hm¡j―C¢e ¢L L­l JCph Af§hÑ q¡pÉl­pl Byd¡l
q­mez H ­ke plo¡l j­dÉ aÉ¡m'z....ay¡l ­h‰m ­L¢j­L­ml Nª­q, f­l hýh¡l
ay¡l ¢eS Nª­qJ k¡a¡u¡a L­l ay¡l ­mM¡l jaC ay¡l Ni£l ­p±SeÉf§hÑ N¡ñ£kÑju
p¤¤¢jø hÉhq¡­l ay¡l A¿¹­ll ­L¡e Ni£­l ­k ay¡l A¿¹xp¢mm pqS¡a q¡pÉlp
fËh¡¢qa ¢Rm a¡l pjÉL på¡e m¡i L­l¢Rz Bl ­c­M¢R ay¡l dÉejNÀ ­n¡LNñ£l
­p l©fV¥L¥z h¡Ù¹¢hL HL¡d¡­l Hje n¡¿¹ pj¡¢qa Hhw ¢pÀ‡lp Q¢lœ pwp¡­l hs
Lj ­cM¡ k¡uz''7

ay¡l ­f¡n¡L, f¢lµRc, Q¡mQme, Lb¡hm¡ p­h­aC HC hÉ¢š²­aÆl Q¨s¡¿¹ fË¢agme

O­V­Rz l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l c¡¢uaÆ­h¡d ¢Rm Ap¡d¡lZz L¡­Sl ­r­œ HaV¥L¥ gy¡L l¡M­a ¢a¢e
fR¾c Ll­ae e¡z A¢g­p ­Y¡L¡l fl h¡¢sl Lb¡ pÇf¨ZÑ i¥­m ­k­aez A¢gp J h¡¢s H
c¤¢V­L ¢a¢e LMeC HL L­l ­g­me¢ez A¢g­p ¢a¢e ­kje pc¡ LjÑhÉÙ¹ b¡L­ae, ­aj¢e
h¡¢s­a b¡L¡l pjuJ HLSe p¡wp¡¢lL j¡e¤o ¢q­p­h ¢a¢e ¢e­Sl AhÙÛ¡e¢V­L ¢WL

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­l­M¢R­mez B¢a­bua¡u ­L¡­e¡lLj O¡V¢a ay¡l ¢Rm e¡z H fËp­‰ fËjbe¡b ¢hn£l j¿¹hÉ
ØjlZ£u :

""ay¡l pj¡c­ll j­dÉ Bsðl ¢Rm e¡, a­h pq©cua¡l LMeJ Ai¡h ­c¢M¢ez
­pM¡­eJ ­c­M¢R c¤¢V HL¢V Lb¡u B­m¡Qe¡l SV R¡s¡­a ay¡l ü¡i¡¢hL
¢ef¤Za¡z Bjl¡ qu­a¡ A­eL Lb¡ hmm¡j, j¤q¨­aÑ ay¡l j­dÉ ­b­L Bm­N¡­R
Bpm Lb¡¢V a¥­m ¢e­mez HJ ay¡l ¢nr¡ J üi¡­hl gmz ay¡l h¡¢s¢VJ ay¡l
N¡­ul MŸ­ll ­L¡­Vl j­a¡ Ae¡sðl fËnÙ¹, ¢hm¡¢pa¡ ­eC AbQ pÇf¨ZÑ
h¡­p¡f­k¡N£z''8L
l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l ¢Rm HL¢V B—¡d¡l£ jez ay¡l ¢h¢iæ N­Òf HC B—¡d¡l£
j¡e¢pLa¡l f¢lQu ­j­mz ­Q¡Ÿ eðl f¡nÑ£ h¡N¡­e l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l HL¢V B—¡M¡e¡ ¢Rmz
ay¡l N­Òf HC B—M¡e¡¢V 18 eðl q¡hp£ h¡N¡e h­m f¢l¢Qaz 14 eðl f¡nÑ£h¡N¡e
­m­el hp¤i
¤ h­el HC B—¡ ¢e­u ­fËj¡ˆ¥l BabÑ£ ¢m­M­Re :
""HL¢ce ­p [¢nÒf£ ka£¾cÊL¥j¡l ­pe] ay¡l L¡S Llh¡l O­ll f¡­nC
JM¡eL¡l °hWLM¡e¡u ¢e­u ¢N­u A­e­Ll p­‰ f¢lQu L¢l­u ¢c­mz...HC B—¡u
A­eL …Z£-f¢äa ¢hc‡ ­m¡­Ll Bp¡-k¡Ju¡ Qmaz k­‘nÄl [AbÑ¡v HC k­‘l
fËd¡e] ¢R­me l¡S­nMlh¡h¤l ­R¡Vi¡C ¢Nl£¾cÊ­nMl hp¤¤z ay¡l ­SÉù ï¡a¡ p¤¤­mML
n¢n­nMl hp¤¤ HLSe ¢eu¢ja B—¡d¡l£ ¢R­mez ay¡l NÒf V£L¡-¢Vèe£ Hhw
j¿¹hÉ ¢Rm Al¦¢Q l¦N£lJ l¦¢QL¡lLz B¢j ­k¢ce fËbj ­p B—¡u fË­hn Llm¤j
­p¢ce l¡S­nMlh¡h¤ ­pM¡­e Ef¢ÙÛa ¢R­me e¡z... c¤C HL¢ce ­k­a e¡ ­k­aC ...
­cM¡ ­fm¤jz...fËbj cª¢ø­a l¡S­nMlh¡h¤­L ka Nñ£l ­m¡L h­m j­e L­l¢Rm¤j,
c¤-HL¢c­el f¢lQ­uC h¤Tm¤j ay¡l h¡C­lV¡ kaC N¡ñ£­kÑl h­jÑ Y¡L¡ b¡L¥L e¡
­Le, ­ia­l l­pl fËphË Z h­u Q­m­Rz...B—¡u q¡¢pl ­g¡u¡l¡ R¥Vaz a¡l Efl
hsc¡ AbÑ¡v n¢n­nM­ll ¢Vèe£l lp¡e Qmaz...ph pju nÔ£ma¡l N¢ä ­j­e Qma
e¡z l¡S­nMlh¡h¤ ­M¡m¡M¤¢mi¡­h ­k¡N e¡ ¢c­mJ ­hn Ef­i¡N Ll­ae h­m j­e
8M
qaz'' (k¤N¡¿¹l p¡j¢uL£, 8 ­j ,1960 MË£ø¡ë)
fË¡u fË¢a¢ceC HM¡­e B—¡ hpa, l¢hh¡l ¢ce HC B—¡M¡e¡ ¢h­no S­j EWaz
pj¡­Sl ¢h¢iæ ­r­œl j¡e¤­ol¡ HC B—¡M¡e¡­L S¢j­u a¥maz HC B—¡M¡e¡l e¡j ¢Rm
"Ev­L¾cÊ p¢j¢a'z fËb­j Hl HLV¡ Cwl¡S£ e¡j b¡L­mJ h¡wm¡u HC e¡j¢V ­l­M¢R­me

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l¡S­nMl hp¤¤z HC jS¢m­o Q¡, c¡h¡ a¡­pl pw­N Qma jeÙ¹šÄ, ¢h‘¡e, ¢nÒf, L¡hÉ, f¤l¡Z,
C¢aq¡p Hhw p¡¢q­aÉl e¡e¡ B­m¡Qe¡z

l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ hl¡hlC ¢R­me AaÉ¿¹ ¢euj¢eù AbÑ¡v k¡­L ¢Le¡ h­m perfect
disciplinarian. l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l ¢euj¢eù¡ pÇf­LÑ A¢Q¿¹ÉL¥j¡l ­pe…ç l¡S­nM­ll jªaÉ¥l
fl "­cn' p¡ç¡¢qL f¢œL¡u ¢m­M­Re :
""p¢æ¢qa fË¢a­hn£ Bjl¡z LV¡ ­h­S­R k¢c O¢s ­jm¡­a Q¡J, ­l¢XJ M¤­m
...­jm¡h¡l clL¡l ­eC, l¡S­nMlh¡h¤­L ­cMz ­cM, E¢e h¡S¡­l ­hl¦­me ¢Le¡z
a¡q­m p¡aV¡z ¢e­Ql °hWLM¡e¡ ­b­L E­W ­N­me ¢Le¡ Ef­lz a¡ q­m eV¡z
­M­a h­p­Re e¡¢L? a¡ q­m HN¡­l¡V¡z''8N
l¡S­nM­ll Q¢l­œl B­lL¢V hs ¢cL ¢Rm HC ­k ¢a¢e ¢R­me AaÉ¿¹ d£l-¢ÙÛl
fËL«¢al Hhw ¢LR¥V¡ Bs¡­m b¡L­a i¡­m¡h¡p­aez l¡S­nM­ll h¡mÉL¡m fËh­å n¢n­nMl
HL S¡uN¡u ¢m­M­Re :
"" à¡li¡P¡u fs¡l pju l¡S­nM­ll hup ­kje h¡s­a m¡Nm, a¡l p­‰ p­‰
p¡¢qaÉ Hhw p¡­u¾p h¡s­a m¡Nmz Bjl¡ i¡C-iNÀ£ J h¡‰¡¢m ¢T l¡C, Qä£ J
­N¡¢h¾c h¡j¢e­L ¢e­u ¢b­uV¡l Lla¡jz l¡S­nMl l¡jal­Zl ­c¡L¡e ­b­L h¡wm¡
R¡e¡ c¡­jl e¡VL fR¾c L­l Bea, J ¢e­S f¡VÑ e¡ ¢e­u ¢X­lLÚne ¢caz B¢j
°L­Lu£ p¡Sa¡j, l¡C ¢T cnlb ­p­S Bj¡l j¡e i¡P¡az...l¡S­nMl LM­e¡
¢hcÉ¡ gm¡a e¡z ­f­Vl j­dÉ ¢h­cÉ fy¥¢S Ll¡ b¡Laz ­LE ¢S‘¡p¡ Ll­m a­h
hmaz''8O

l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ ¢jah¡L Nñ£l fËL«¢al j¡e¤o q­mJ ­L¡­e¡ ­L¡­e¡ pju ay¡l
­pC N¡ñ£­kÑl Bs¡m ­b­L ­h¢l­u Bp­a¡ ¢e­iÑS¡m ­R­mj¡e¤¢ofe¡z A¢ja¡i ­Q±d¤l£ ay¡l
"A¢àa£u l¡S­nMl' NË­¿Û S¡¢e­u­Re :

""A­eL hch¤¢Ü ay¡l j¡b¡u ­Mm­a¡ Hhw a¡ e¡a¢el ­R­m­L ¢n¢M­uJ ¢c­aez
c£fˆ­ll ­R­m­hm¡u ú¥­ml c¡­l¡u¡e, ­k öd¤ "Su p£a¡l¡j' hm­a¡, a¡­L hm¡l
SeÉ ¢a¢e ¢n¢M­u ¢c­me "Su l¡d¡L«o·' hm­az a¡ hm­aC c¡­s¡u¡e i£oe Q­V
­k­a¡z HLh¡l HL iâ­m¡L l¡S­nMl­L ­V¢m­g¡e L­l­Re―,"L¢hl¡S jn¡C
B­Re'z ¢a¢e Nñ£l j¤­M hm­me "M¤h cC M¡J'z HC ¢jp¢Q­gl j§­m q­µR

116
 L¢hl¡S£ ¢Q¢Lvp¡u cC ¢h­no i¡­h ¢e¢oÜz ­hQ¡l£ L¢hl¡S£-¢Q¢Lvp¡l ­l¡N£­L
a¡C M¡C­u ¢c¢µR­mez''9

l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l hÉ¢š²­aÆl B­lL¢V ¢cL Bjl¡ S¡e­a f¡¢l ay¡l ­c±¢qœ c£fˆl
hp¤¤l ­mM¡ ­b­Lz ¢a¢e ¢m­M­Re :

""ay¡l S£h­el HL¢V ­N¡feaj Mhl ¢a¢e HLj¡œ Bj¡l j¡ AbÑ¡v nË£j¢a
Bn¡­LC h­m¢R­mez Mhl¢Vl fËL¡­nl kMe pju qu―1947 MË£ø¡­ël 15C
BN­øl fl aMe B¢j ¢ea¡¿¹C ¢nöz Mhl¢V j¡ l¡S­nMl nahoÑ Efm­r
LmL¡a¡ c§lcnÑ­e fËQ¡¢la HL Ae¤ù¡­e fËbj phÑpj­r fËL¡n L­lez p¤¤¢hMÉ¡a
"j¡¢eLam¡ ­h¡j¡l' OVe¡ k¡l ­q¡a¡ Al¢h¾c ­O¡o, h¡l£e ­O¡o fËj¤M ¢h¢nù
ü¡d£ea¡ pwNË¡j£l¡, a¡l pjÙ¹ ­h¡j¡l öd¤ gsj¤m¡C eu, k¡ha£u j¡mjnm¡ c¡c¤C
plhl¡q Ll­aez ü¡d£ea¡ pwNË¡­j ay¡l HC e£lh ­k¡Nc¡e ­LE ­L¡e ¢ce S¡­e
¢ez dl¡ fs­m Ahd¡¢la ­Smz HC iuwLl T¥y¢L ¢a¢e ¢e­u¢R­mez''10
HM¡e ­b­L ü­cn­fË¢jL ¢q­p­h l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l HL¢V ea¥e f¢lQu Bj¡­cl p¡j­e
EcO¡¢Va quz

Hh¡­l p¡¢q¢aÉL l¡S­nMl hp¤¤­L ¢e­u B­m¡Qe¡ Ll¡ ­k­a f¡­lz a­h B­l¡
B­N S¡e¡ clL¡l p¡¢qaÉ ­r­œ ay¡l B¢hiÑ¡­hl fËL«a ­fËr¡fV¢V L£ ¢Rmz ­k j¡e¤o¢V
¢Rm ¢h‘¡­el HL¢eù p¡dL J mÉ¡h­lV¢ll hs j¡­fl J j¡­el f¢lQ¡mL, p¡¢qaÉ SN­a
ay¡l fË­hn p¢aÉC HL ¢hØjuLl OVe¡z ¢h‘¡e£ q­me ¢nÒf£, HLSe °h‘¡¢eL q­me
p¡bÑL NÒfL¡l, l¢pL j¡e¤oz üi¡haC fËnÀ S¡­N L£i¡­h HC Apñh pñh qm?

l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ ­k f¢lh¡­l S­eÈ­Re Hhw ­h­s E­W­Re p¡¢qaÉQQÑ¡l HL¢V EeÈ¥š²
f¢l­hn ­pM¡­e ¢Rmz ¢fa¡ Q¾cÊ­nMl, c¡c¡ n¢n­nMl, ­R¡V i¡C ¢N¢l¾cÊ­nMl fË­aÉ­LlC
¢LR¥ e¡ ¢LR¥ p¡¢q¢aÉL fË¢ai¡ ¢Rm Hhw a¡l¡ ¢h¢iæ fœ-f¢œL¡l p­‰ k¤š² ¢R­mez Hje
f¢lh¡­l S­eÈ l¡S­nM­ll p¡¢qaÉ SN­a fË­hn ­j¡­VC AfËaÉ¡¢na euz

l¡S­nMl hp¤ ­k pju p¡¢qaÉ ­r­œ Aha£ZÑ qe (fËbj NÒfNË¿Û "N—¢mL¡'l fËL¡n
1924 MË£ø¡ë) ay¡l pjp¡j¢uL f§hÑ l¡S°e¢aL C¢aq¡­pl ¢c­L cª¢ø ¢c­m ­cM¡ k¡u
B¿¹SÑ¡¢aL ­r­œ p­h j¡œ fËbj ¢hnÄk¤Ü (1919 MË£x) pwO¢Va q­u­Rz C¢aj­dÉC ­no

117
q­u­R l¦n ¢hfÔh (1917 MË£x), ­pC p­‰ ­cn£u l¡Se£¢a­a O­V ­N­R h‰i‰ B­¾c¡me
(1905), Apq­k¡N B­¾c¡me (1921 MË£x)-Hl ja OVe¡z HL¢c­L ­cn£u l¡Se£¢al
V¡e¡­f¡­se, E›¡efae, AeÉ¢c­L Kf¢e­h¢nL n¡pe-­n¡oZ Lh¢ma i¡lah¡p£l c¡¢lâÉ,
­hL¡laÆ i¡lahoÑ­L HL Ni£l pwL­Vl j­dÉ ­g­m ¢c­u¢Rmz HC ¢h­no pju i¡lah­oÑl
f¢lh¡l­L¢¾cÊL hÉ¢š²S£h­eJ BO¡a q¡­ez SeÈ qu HL ¢h­no ­nËZ£lz ­pC ­nËZ£ jdÉ¢hš
­nËZ£z k¢cJ fËbj ¢hnÄk¤Ü i¡l­al Efl fËaÉri¡­h fËi¡h ¢hÙ¹¡l L­l¢e, ¢L¿¹¥ k¤­Ü¡šl
pj¡S hÉ¡¢dl iu¡eL b¡h¡ ­b­L i¡lahoÑ ¢e­S­L j¤š² l¡M­a f¡­l¢ez pjL¡m£e pj¡S
S£h­el A¿¹xfËh¡q£ HC hÉ¡¢d­L flöl¡j Ni£li¡­h BaÈÙÛ Ll­a ­f­l¢R­mez k¡l
gmül©f 1922 MË£ø¡­ë (j¡O 1329) flöl¡j RcÈe¡j ¢e­u "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX'
N­Òfl j¡dÉ­j h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l BaÈfËL¡nz ""­f±l¡¢ZL flöl¡j ­kje öd¤
r¢œu­cl ¢c­LC HLj¡œ cª¢ø J cª¢øl n¡pe­L ­L¾cÊÙÛ L­l¢R­me, ¢hn na­Ll flöl¡j
­aj¢e lš²-cª¢ø­L ¢ÙÛl l¡­Me ¢hn na­Ll fËbj ¢hnÄk¤Ü-flha£Ñ pj¡­Sl, pj¡S-j¡e¤­ol,
a¡l k¡ha£u Ap‰¢a, œ¥¢V-¢hQÉ¥¢al ¢c­Lz''11
Hh¡­l l¡S°e¢aL J p¡j¡¢SL ­fËr¡fV­L h¡c ¢c­u l¡S­nM­ll B¢hiÑ¡­hl
p¡¢q¢aÉL ­fËr¡f­Vl ¢c­L cª¢ø ¢ehÜ Ll¡ ­k­a f¡­lz lh£¾cÊe¡b aMe üj¢qj¡u ¢hl¡¢Saz
f¡WL pj¡SJ BaÈÙÛ L­l­Re lh£¾cÊe¡­bl h¤¢Üc£ç p¡¢qaÉ­Lz Hl f¡n¡f¡¢n nlvQ¾cÊ£u
i¡h¡m¤a¡u f¡WLpj¡S aMe j¤‡ J eSl¦­ml ­k±he h¾ce¡l N¡­e EŸ£¢faz "L­õ¡m'
f¢œL¡ ­pC pju p¡¢qaÉ SN­a ­hn p¡s¡ ­g­m¢Rmz ¢L¿¹¥ "L­õ¡m' f¢œL¡­L ­pC pju
l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ BaÈfËL¡­nl j¡dÉj ¢q­p­h NËqZ Ll­me e¡z AhnÉ flöl¡­jl fËbj
B¢hiÑ¡h "L­õ¡­m' pñhJ ¢Rm e¡z L¡lZ "L­õ¡m' f¢œL¡l fËbj fËL¡n 1923 MË£ø¡­ë z
ay¡l B­NC 1922 MË£ø¡­ë "i¡lahoÑ' f¢œL¡u "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX' N­Òf ay¡l
BaÈfËL¡n O­V ­N­Rz ¢L¿¹¥ fËbj m­NÀ e¡ ­q¡L flhaÑ£L¡­m ­a¡ "L­õ¡­m' fË­hn Ll­a
f¡l­ae ¢a¢e! a¡J ¢a¢e L­le¢ez ­Lee¡ L­õ¡­m lh£¾cÊ¢h­l¡¢da¡l e¡­j lh£¾cÊ¢hj¤Ma¡ J
lh£¾cÊÊe¡­bl ¢hl¦Ü fË¢a¢œ²u¡ ay¡­L BL«ø Ll­a f¡­l¢ez
""h¡Ù¹ha¡' Bl "Bd¤¢eLa¡­L' j§m j¿» L­l L­õ¡m£ul¡ Bp­l e¡­jez ­p
h¡Ù¹ha¡ ¢h­cn£ ¢nr¡l gmz lh£¾cÊe¡­bl h¡Ù¹ha¡ a¡ ­b­L Bm¡c¡ S¡­alz
flöl¡j L­õ¡m£u h¡Ù¹ha¡l Ae¤o‰£ q­me e¡, ¢a¢e °h‘¡¢e­Ll h¡Ù¹ha¡ ¢e­u
pj¡S J a¡l j¡e¤­ol ¢ialV¡ ­f¡øj­VÑ­j hp­mez mÉ¡h­lV¢ll BÉ¢pX,
HÉ¡mL¡¢m Bl j¡Cœ²p­L¡f q'm ay¡l q¡¢au¡l, fl£r¡l SeÉ ¢e¢cÑø ­Øf¢p­je

118
 qm ay¡l ­cM¡ pj¡S J pj¡­Sl ¢ia­ll k¡ha£u ¢houz flöl¡­jl NÒf ay¡l
­L¢jLÉ¡m mÉ¡h­lVl£l jaC HL ¢el£r¡djÑ£ Lb¡¢n­Òfl N­hoZ¡N¡l―­kM¡­e ­R¡V
j¡e¤o, ­R¡V S£he A­eL hs j¡­fl hÉ”e¡u °h‘¡¢eL ¢el¡p¢š²­aC f¡W­Ll
p¡j­e B­pz''12

flöl¡­jl fËbj NÒfNË­¿Ûl e¡j "N—¢mL¡' (1924 MË£x)z flöl¡­jl Se¢fËu

­R¡VNÒf…¢m ­kje "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX', "¢Q¢Lvp¡ pwLV', "jq¡¢hcÉ¡', "mðLZÑ',
"i¨oä£l j¡­W' fËi«¢a HC NÒfNË­¿Û ÙÛ¡e ­f­u­Rz "N—¢mL¡' NÒfNË¿¢Û V fËL¡­nl fl
L¢hhå¥ fËg¥õQ¾cÊ l¡u lh£¾cÊe¡b­L HL¢V ¢Q¢W f¡W¡ez lh£¾cÊe¡b NÒf…¢m f­s ¢e­Sl
¢hØju ­N¡fe Ll­a f¡­le¢ez ¢a¢e fËg¥õQ¾cÊ­LC HL¢V ¢Q¢Wl j¡dÉ­j S¡e¡e ay¡l ¢hØj­ul
Lb¡ :

""hCM¡¢el e¡j "N—¢mL¡ fËh¡q'z iu ¢Rm f¡­R e¡­jl p­‰ hC­ul

BaÈf¢lQ­ul ¢jm b¡­L, ­Lee¡ p¡¢q­aÉ N—¢mL¡ fËh¡­ql A¿¹ e¡Cz ¢L¿¹¥ pqp¡
Cq¡l Ap¡j¡eÉa¡ ­c¢Mu¡ QjL m¡¢Nmz QjL m¡¢Nh¡l ­qa¥ HC ­k, Hje HLM¡¢e
hC q¡­a B¢p­m j­e qu, ­mM­Ll p­‰ c£OÑ¢c­el f¢lQu b¡L¡ E¢Qa ¢Rmz
pL¡­m qW¡v O¤j i¡¢‰u¡ k¢c à¡­ll L¡­R ­c¢M HLV¡ ECHl ¢Y¢h BÕQkÑ ­W­L
e¡, ¢L¿¹¥ k¢c ­c¢M jÙ¹ HLV¡ hV N¡R a­h ­pV¡­L ¢L W¡ql¡Ch i¡¢hu¡ EW¡ k¡u
e¡z ­mML flöl¡j RcÈe¡­jl ¢fR­e N¡ Y¡L¡ ¢cu¡­Rez i¡¢hu¡ ­c¢Mm¡j, ­Qe¡
­m¡L h¢mu¡ j­e qCm e¡, ­Lee¡ ­mM¡V¡l Efl ­L¡e ­Qe¡ q¡­al R¡f f­s
e¡Cz e§ae j¡e¤o h­V p­¾cq e¡C ¢L¿¹¥ f¡L¡ q¡az ...

­mM¡l ¢cL qC­a hCM¡¢e Bj¡l L¡­R ¢hØjuLlz Cq¡­a B­l¡ ¢hØj­ul
B­R, ­p ka£¾cÊL¥j¡­ll ¢Qœz ­mMe£l p­‰ a¥¢mL¡l L£ QjvL¡l ­S¡s ¢j¢mu¡­R,
­mM¡l d¡l¡ ­lM¡l d¡­ll pj¡e a¡­m Q­m, ­Lq L¡q¡­l¡ ­Q­u M¡­V¡ e­qz
Q¢lœ…­m¡ X¡¢q­e h¡­j Hje L¢lu¡ dl¡ f¢su¡­R ­k a¡q¡­cl Bl f¡m¡Ch¡l
gy¡L e¡Cz''13
lh£¾cÊe¡­bl ¢Q¢W­a l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l fËnwp¡ ¢exp­¾c­q l¡S­nM­ll L¡­R N­hÑl
¢houz HC ¢Q¢Wl f­lJ fËg¥õQ¾cÊ l¡u J lh£¾cÊe¡b W¡L¥­ll j­dÉ Lj L­l B­l¡ c¤¢V ¢Q¢W
Bc¡e fËc¡e quz ­kM¡­e NÒfL¡l ¢q­p­h l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l E›¡­el rZ¢V f¢lØg¥V q­u­Rz
lh£¾cÊe¡­bl ¢Q¢Wl fËaÉ¥š­l fËg¥õQ¾cÊ l¡u ­m­Me :

119
 ""pÇfË¢a ­c¢M­a¢R Bf¢e paÉpaÉC Bj¡l r¢a L¢l­a fËhªš qCu¡­Rez
"N—¢mL¡'l fËbj pwúlZ ¢hœ²u qCu¡ ¢Nu¡­Rz ¢L¿¹¥ kMe ­c¢M p¡¢qaÉ pjË¡V
üuw a¡q¡l pj¡­m¡Qe¡u fËhªš qCu¡­Re, aMe A¢Q­l flfl h¡­l¡ q¡S¡l L¢f
­k ¢hœ²u qC­h a¢ào­u p­¾cq e¡Cz ­p¢ce NË¿ÛL¡l flöl¡j­L B¢j h¢mm¡j,
H-fËL¡l ­p±i¡NÉ Lc¡¢Qv ­L¡­e¡ ­mM­Ll O¢Vu¡ b¡­Lz HMe ay¡q¡l j¡b¡ e¡
¢hNs¡Cu¡ k¡u, ¢a¢e Bj¡lC q¡­al °au¡l£ HLSe l¡p¡u¢eL Hhw Bj¡l ¢e¢cÑø
­L¡­e¡ ¢h­no L¡­kÑ A­eL¢ce k¡hv hÉ¡fªaz ¢L¿¹¥ HMe ¢a¢e h¤¢T­me ­k ¢a¢e
p¡¢qaÉ­r­œJ HLSe ""­Lø-¢hø¥''! p¤¤al¡w Bj¡­L Apq¡u l¡¢Mu¡ aÉ¡N L¢l­a
CµR¥L qC­a f¡­le! Bl-HL¢V Lb¡! Bf¢e ­a¡ HN¡­l¡-h¡­l¡ hvpl hup
qC­aC L¢ha¡ ¢m¢M­a­Rez ö¢eu¡¢R DnÄl …ç ¢ae hvpl hu­pC fcÉ lQe¡
L¢lu¡¢R­me Hhw ­f¡f e¡¢L ¢L­n¡l hu­pC h¢mu¡¢R­me―
Father father mercy take
I shall no more verses make!
A­e­L h¢mu¡ b¡­Le ­k Q¢õn hvp­ll fl ea¥e dl­Zl ¢LR¥ ­Lq
lQe¡ L¢l­a f¡­le e¡; ¢L¿¥¹ ¢h‘¡­el C¢aq¡­p ­c¢Mu¡¢R ¢eEVe 43z44 hvpl
hu­pl f§­hÑC Ap¡d¡lZ fË¢ai¡l f¢lQu ­ce; ¢L¿¹¥ NÉ¡¢m¢mJ ­pC hup qC­a
Blñ L¢lu¡ fl fl k¤N¡¿¹lpwOVeL¡l£ B¢h×L¡l L­le; Bh¡l (Schumann)
öj¡e f’¡n hvpl hu­pl f­l Ss-¢h‘¡­el e§ae B¢h×L¡­ll à¡l¡ SNv­L
QjvL«a L­lez ¢lQ¡XÑpe (Father of English novelists) f¤Ù¹L ¢h­œ²a¡
¢R­me Hhw Bj¡l ­ke ØjlZ qC­a­R, kMe f’¡n hvp­ll L¡R¡L¡¢R aMe
¢a¢e e­imÚ ¢m¢M­a q¡a ­cez Bj¡­cl flöl¡jJ fË¡u 43-44 hvpl hu­p
¢m¢M­a Blñ L¢lu¡­Rez Bpm Lb¡ HC ­k Bfe¡­L ¢L Ae¤­l¡d L¢lh ­k
Bl-HL¢V Hje a£hË pj¡­m¡Qe¡ Ll¦e ­k flöl¡­jl q¡a qC­a L¥W¡l M¢pu¡
f­s? HL pju f¢su¡¢Rm¡j ­k A­eL ašÄ J n¢š² …q¡u ¢e¢qa b¡­L; ¢L¿¹¥
iNh¡­el m£m¡ ­L h¤¢T­h, L¡q¡­L LMe …ç AhÙÛ¡ qC­a p¤¤fËL¡n L¢lu¡
a¥­mez''14
lh£¾cÊe¡b fËg¥õQ¾cÊ l¡u­L HC ¢Q¢Wl Ešl f¡¢W­u¢R­mez ­pM¡­e ¢a¢e HL S¡uN¡u
­m­Me :

120
 ""k¡C­q¡L B¢j lp k¡Q¡­ul ¢eL­o ByQs ¢c­u ­cM­mj Bfe¡l ­h‰m
­L¢jLÉ¡­ml HC j¡e¤o¢V H­Lh¡­lC ­L¢jLÉ¡m ­N¡mÚX ee, C¢e My¡¢V M¢eS
­p¡e¡z''15
(3)

l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l NÒf…¢m­L L¡mNai¡­h c¤¢V ­nËZ£­a i¡N Ll¡ ­k­a f¡­lz 1922
MË£ø¡ë ­b­L 1932 MË£ø¡ë fkÑ¿¹ fËbj fhÑ, Hlfl 1942 MË£ø¡ë ­b­L jªaÉ¥l f§hÑ fkÑ¿¹z
1932 MË£ø¡ë ­b­L 1942 MË£ø¡ë―j¡­Tl HC cn¢V hRl ¢a¢e ­L¡e NÒf lQe¡u
j­e¡¢e­hn L­le¢ez H pju ¢a¢e ­Le NÒf lQe¡ Ll­me e¡ ­p L¡lZ ¢eZÑu Ll¡ qu­a¡
c¤xp¡dÉ ah¤ Ae¤j¡e Ll¡ ­k­a f¡­lz H ¢ho­u AdÉ¡fL J pj¡­m¡QL h£­l¾cÊ cš h­m­Re:
""qu­a¡ fËbj jq¡k¤­Ül AhÉh¢qa flhaÑ£ pj­ul ­fË¢r­a NÒfL¡­ll k¡
hm¡l ¢Rm―phC hm¡ q­u ­N­Rz Bjl¡ j­e L¢l pñha a¡Cz p¡¢q­aÉ HLSe
­L±a¥Ll­pl pËø¡ BS£he ­L±a¥Llp­L pðm L­l pj¡e jkÑ¡c¡l p¡¢qaÉ pª¢ø­a
¢ej¢‹a b¡L­a f¡­le e¡z ­pM¡­e f¤el¢š² H­p ­k­aC f¡­l fËp‰ Hhw fËLlZ
―Eiu­aCz flöl¡j ¢R­me BaÈp­Qae ¢nÒf£―­k ­L¡e ­L±a¥L lppËø¡­L a¡
q­aC quz a¡C 1922 MË£ø¡ë ­b­L 1933 MË£ø¡ë fkÑ¿¹ ­k ­mM¢el c¤hÑ¡l N¢a,
a¡l Ù¹ìa¡ h¤¢Th¡ BaÈp­Qae, BaÈpj¡­m¡Qe¡ j¤Ml, paLÑ HL pËø¡l p­Qae
fËu¡pC! qua h¡ j­el A¢da­ml ¢ÙÛl¢e¢cÑø h¡pe¡J!''16

Hlfl 1942 MË£ø¡ë ­R¡VN­Òfl SN­a ay¡l fËaÉ¡haÑez qu­a¡ ¢àa£u

¢hnÄk¤­Ü¡šl Ahru£ pj¡S j¡e¤o J S¡a£u l¡Se£¢al e¡e¡ V¡e¡­f¡­se AhÙÛ¡ Bh¡l ay¡­L
­R¡VN­Òfl B¢‰e¡u BL«ø L­l ­a¡­mz h£­l¾cÊ cš l¡S­nM­ll ¢àa£uh¡l HC N­Òfl
­r­œ fË­hn pð­å h­m­Re :

""aMe ¢àa£u ¢hnÄk¤­Ül c¡eh LmL¡a¡l B­nf¡­n a¡l h£ivp hmh¡e

q¡a-f¡­ul p’¡me L­l Q­m­R pn­ëz p¡l¡ h¡wm¡­c­nl Jfl k¤­Ül
A­ƒ¡f¡­nl fËaÉr Bœ²j­el R¡u¡z mÉ¡h­lV¢ll ­cu¡­mJ a¡l O¡ f­sz ¢e¢hø
°h‘¡¢eL Bh¡l ­mMe£ q¡­a ­ee Lb¡-¢nÒf£lz kMe pj¡S iuˆl i¡­h i¡P­a
b¡­L, ­c­nl pwq¢a, S¡a£ua¡u f­s BO¡a, kMe fQe-fae Ahru pj¡S-
j¡e¤o­L f‰¥­aÆl ¢c­L ­W­m ­cu ¢ejÑji¡­h, aMe HLSe kb¡bÑ ¢nÒf£-fË¡Z j¡e¤o

121
 ­mMe£ ¢eÙ¹ì L­l l¡M­a f¡­le e¡z LjÑ£l p­Qaea¡ ­b­L ¢nÒf£l p­Qaea¡C
aMe hs q­u J­Wz ­L¢jLÉ¡m mÉ¡h­lV¢ll °h‘¡¢eL LjÑ£-f¢lQ¡mL l¡S­nMl
hp¤¤ flöl¡­jl lš²-hÙ» N¡­u S¢s­u ¢nÒf£l p­Qaea¡u Bh¡l N­Òfl SN­a
Q­m B­pez ¢àa£u ¢hnÄk¤ÜC ay¡­L ­V­e B­e k¤Üj¤Ml J ¢hdÆÙ¹ pj¡­Sl fË¡‰­e,
Apq¡u j¡e¤o­cl Sea¡l j­dÉz BjªaÉ¥, AbÑ¡v E¢enn' Eeo¡V fkÑ¿¹ ­p ­mMe£
Bl hå qu¢ez''17
¢àa£u f­hÑ NÒf ¢mM­a H­p ­k NÒf…¢m ¢a¢e Efq¡l ­ce h¡wm¡ p¡¢qaÉ­L a¡­cl j­dÉ
E­õM­k¡NÉ "N¡j¡e¤o S¡¢al Lb¡', "fln f¡bl', "i£j N£a¡', "¢p¢Üe¡­bl fËm¡f', "il­al
T¥jT¥¢j', "Aœ²¥l pwh¡c', "hce­Q±d¤¢ll ­n¡Lpi¡', "lV¿¹£L¥j¡l', "L«o·L¢m', "hle¡l£ hlZ',
"e£ma¡l¡', "Suq¢ll ­ShË¡', "¢a¢l ­Q±d¤l£', "j¡‰¢mL', "Be¾c£h¡D', "Q¡‰¡ue£ p¤¤d¡',
"Xðl¦ f¢äa', "NNe-Q¢V', "ehS¡aL', "¢Q¢Wh¡S£', "QjvL¥j¡l£', "LcÑj­jMm¡', "p¡­s
p¡a m¡M', "k­n¡ja£', "Sul¡j-Su¿¹£', "S¡j¡C o¢ø' fËi«¢az HC f­hÑl NÒf…¢m
"NÒfLÒf' (1950), "d¤Ùl¹¥ £j¡u¡ CaÉ¡¢c NÒf'(1952), "L«o·L¢m CaÉ¡¢c NÒf'(1953),
"e£ma¡l¡ CaÉ¡¢c NÒf' (1956), "Be¾c£h¡D CaÉ¡¢c NÒf'(1957), "QjvL¥j¡l£ CaÉ¡¢c
NÒf'(1958) fËi«¢a NÒfNË­¿Û p¢æ­h¢na q­u­Rz

flöl¡­jl NÒfNË¿Û J NÒf :

NË¿Û (lQe¡L¡m) NÒf (lQe¡L¡m)
N—¢mL¡ nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX (1922)
(1924) ¢Q¢Lvp¡ pˆV (1923)
jq¡¢hcÉ¡ (1922)
mðLZÑ (1924)
i¨nä£l j¡­W (1923)
L‹m£ ¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡
(1927) S¡h¡¢m
c¢rZ l¡u
üuðl¡
L¢Q-pwpc
EmV-f¤l¡Z
qe¤j¡­el üfÀ qe¤j¡­el üfÀ (1930)
CaÉ¡¢c NÒf f¤e¢jÑme (1929)
(1937) E­f¢ra (1929)
E­f¢ra¡ (1929)
122
 …l¦¢hc¡u (1930)
j­q­nl jq¡k¡œ¡ (1930)
l¡a¡l¡¢a (1929-30)
­fËjQœ² (1932)
cnLl­Zl h¡ZfËÙÛ (1942)
a«a£u c§Éapi¡ (1943)
B­jl f¢lZ¡j (1942)
NÒfLÒf N¡j¡e¤oS¡¢al Lb¡ (1942)
(1950) AVmh¡h¤l A¢¿¹j ¢Q¿¹¡ (1948)
l¡S­i¡N (1948)
flnf¡bl (1948)
l¡jl¡SÉ (1949)
­n¡e¡Lb¡ (1949)
¢ae ¢hd¡a¡ (1950)
¢p¢Üe¡­bl fËm¡f (1951)
¢Ql”£h (1951)
i£jN£a¡ (1950)
d¤Ù¹l£j¡u¡ CaÉ¡¢c NÒf d¤Ù¹¥l£j¡u¡ (1950)
(1952) l¡jd­el °hl¡NÉ (1951)
­lha£l f¢am¡i (1951)
mrÈ£lh¡qe (1951)
il­al T¥jT¥¢j (1951)
Aœ²¥l pwh¡c (1952)
hce ­Q±d¤l£l ­n¡Lpi¡ (1952)
kc¤ X¡š²¡­ll ­f­n¾V (1952)
lV¿¹£ L¥j¡l (1952)
ANÙ¹Éà¡l (1952)
où£l L«f¡ (1952)
Nåj¡ce °hWL (1952)
L«o·L¢m CaÉ¡¢c NÒf L«o·L¢m (1952)
(1953) SV¡dl hLn£ (1952)
hle¡l£hlZ (1953)
HLNy¥­u h¡bÑ¡ (1953)
f’¢fËu¡ f¡’¡m£ (1953)
¢eL¢oa ­q¡j (1953)
h¡m¢MmÉN­Zl Evf¢š (1953)
plm¡r ­q¡j (1953)
Ba¡l f¡­up (1953)
123
 ih­a¡o W¡L¥l (1953)
Be¾c ¢jÙ»£ (1954)
¢el¡¢jo¡n£ h¡O (1952)
e£ma¡l¡ CaÉ¡¢c NÒf e£ma¡l¡ (1954)
(1956) ¢a­m¡šj¡ (1954)
SV¡d­ll ¢hfc (1954)
¢a¢l ­Q±d¤l£ (1954)
¢nhm¡m (1954)
e£mLã (1954)
Suq¢ll ­ShË¡ (1955)
¢nh¡j¤M£ ¢QjÚ­V (1955)
à¡¢¾àL L¢ha¡ (1955)
de¤j¡j¡l q¡¢p (1955)
j¡‰¢mL (1955)
¢e¢dl¡­jl ¢ehÑå (1954)
Øj«¢aLb¡ (1955)
QjvL¥j¡l£ CaÉ¡¢c QjvL¥j¡l£ (1958)
NÒf (1959) LcÑj ­jMm¡ (1958)
j¡vpÉeÉ¡u (1958)
Ev­L¡Q ašÄ (1958)
fË¡Q£e Lb¡ (1958)
EvLã¡ Ù¹ñ (1958)
c£­e­nl i¡NÉ (1958)
i¨oZf¡m (1959)
cy¡sL¡N (1959)
NevL¡l (1959)
p¡­sp¡a m¡M (1959)
k­n¡ja£ (1959)
Sul¡j Su¿¹£ (1959)
…f£ p¡­qh (1959)
…mh¤¢mÙ¹¡e (1959)
Be¾c£h¡D CaÉ¡¢c Be¾c£h¡D (1956)
NÒf (1957) Q¡‰¡ue£ p¤¤d¡ (1956)
h­VnÄ­ll Ahc¡e (1956)
¢e­jÑ¡L eªaÉ (1956)
Xðl¦ f¢äa (1953)
c¤C ¢pwq (1946)
L¡jl©¢fe£ (1956)
124
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NNe-Q¢V (1957)
Acm hcm (1957)
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¢Q¢Wh¡¢S (1957)
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kk¡¢al Sl¡ (1957)

(4)

l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ "flöl¡j' RcÈe¡­j Bj¡­cl L¡­R f¢l¢Qaz ¢a¢e ­Le RcÈe¡j ¢e­u
h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ B¢hiѨa q­u¢R­me pj¡­m¡Q­Ll j­e H fËnÀ JW¡ ü¡i¡¢hLz lh£¾cÊe¡­blJ
HlLj j­e q­u¢Rm :
""¢fa«cš e¡­jl Efl aLÑ Q­m e¡ ¢L¿¹¥ üL«a e¡­jl ­k¡NÉa¡ ¢hQ¡l L¢lh¡l
A¢dL¡l pj¡­m¡Q­Ll B­Rz fl¿¹¥ AÙ»V¡ l©fdÆwpL¡l£l, a¡q¡ l©fpª¢øL¡l£l e­qz
flöl¡j e¡jV¡ ö¢eu¡ f¡W­Ll p­¾cq qC­a f¡­l ­k ­mML h¤¢T SMj L¢lh¡l
L¡­S fËhªšz Lb¡V¡ H­Lh¡­l paÉ e­qz'' 18
­f±l¡¢ZL flöl¡j B¢hiѨa q­u¢R­me L¥W¡l q¡­a, r¢œu ¢ede Ll¡l fË¢a‘¡ ¢e­uz a¡C
Bj¡­clJ j­e q­a f¡­l l¡S­nMl h¤¢T ­f±l¡¢ZL flöl¡­jl L¥W¡l q¡­a ¢e­u j¡e¤o
j¡l¡l ja ­L¡e E­ŸnÉ Q¢la¡bÑ Ll­a B¢hiѨa q­u¢R­mez
pj¡­m¡QL h£­l¾cÊ cš H fËp­‰l B­m¡Qe¡u S¡¢e­u­Re :

""­f±l¡¢ZL flöl¡­jl q¡­a ¢Rm fª¢bh£ ¢exr¢œu Ll¡l Ef­k¡N£ A¢NÀju J

Mlc£ç L¥W¡l, l¡S­nM­ll ­mMe£ L¥W¡­l Hm h¡Ù¹h pj¡S­L a¡l pjÙ¹ lLj
Ev­L¢¾cÊLa¡l eÉue£¢aïøa¡ d¢l­u ­cJu¡l Ef­k¡N£ r¥ld¡l a£yrÁa¡ J a¡lC
c£¢ç­a rj¡q£e ¢ejÑja¡z ¢hØju HM¡­eJ, ¢a¢e ¢L¿¹¥ ­L¡b¡J ¢h­no hÉ¢š²­L O¡
­j­l SÆ¡m¡ dl¡­a ­mMe£­L ¢e­cÑn ­ce¢e, ¢c­u­Re ¢aš²a¡l Jf­l q¡¢pl
"­L¡¢Vw'z ­f±l¡¢ZL flöl¡­jl ­pC c¤'­Q¡­Ml A¢NÀSÆ¡m¡l, ­pC L­ãl ­pC p­œ²¡d
¢hØg¡l ­pM¡­e Ae¤f¢ÙÛaz''19

125
e¡l¡uZ N­‰¡f¡dÉ¡u HL¢V fËh­å S¡¢e­u­Re :
""e¡­j flöl¡j, ¢L¿¹¥ j¡a«O¡a£ L¥W¡l ­eC, B­R Sm­cha¡l ­cJu¡ ­p¡e¡l
L¥W¡lz a¡­a i­ul i¡e B­Rz ¢L¿¹¥ iu ­eCz h¡l¢al ­ial B­R a¡l Af§hÑ
K‹ÆmÉ-c£¢ç Bl c¤jѨmÉa¡u a¡ ¢Ql¢ce p’u L­l l¡M¡l j­a¡ InÄkÑz''20

l¡S­nM­ll lQe¡…¢m­L Bjl¡ c¤¢V i¡­N i¡N Ll­a f¡¢l―HL¢V ¢p¢lu¡pdjÑ£

lQe¡, AeÉ¢V mO¤djÑ£z ¢p¢lu¡pdjÑ£ lQe¡…¢m l¡S­nM­ll Ni£l jee J ¢Q¿¹¡ ­b­L
Evp¡¢laz k¤¢š² ¢hQ¡l HC pjÙ¹ ­mM¡…¢ml fËd¡e Ahmðez HM¡­e Bjl¡ q¡pÉl¢pL
l¡S­nMl­L f¡C e¡z Bl ¢àa£u dl­Zl ­mM¡…¢m­a f¡C AeÉ l¡S­nMl­Lz S£he­L
pqS plm ü¡i¡¢hLi¡­h ­c­M­Re ¢a¢e HM¡­ez q¡pÉl­pl ­j¡s­L pj¡­Sl ­c¡oœ¥¢V­L
­Q¡­M B‰¥m ¢c­u ­c¢M­u­Re ¢a¢ez Bl HC dl­el lQe¡…¢m­aC a¡­L Ahmðe Ll­a
q­u­R flöl¡j RcÈe¡jz HC c¤¢V e¡­jl ü¡a¿»Éa¡ l¡S­nMl fËbj ­b­L ­no fkÑ¿¹ hS¡u
­l­M­Rez

h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l ­nËù f¢lQu q¡pÉl¢pLl©­f HLb¡ ¢e¢ÜÑd¡u hm¡
k¡uz nË£i¨­ch ­Q±d¤l£ h­m­Re :
""h¡wm¡ q¡¢pl N­Òfl C¢aq¡­p flöl¡j RcÈe¡­j l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l (1880-1960)
BaÈfËL¡n HL e§ae k¤­Nl p§Qe¡ L­l­R ; Bl I HL¢Vj¡œ hÉ¢š²aÆ­L BnËu
L­l c£OÑ¢ce d­l AhÉ¡qa N¢a­a Q­m¢Rm ­pC d¡l¡z''21

h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉl ¢hc‡ pj¡­m¡Q­Ll¡J H ¢ho­u HLjaz

nË£ p¤¤­h¡dQ¾cÊ ­pe…ç h­m­Re : ""Bd¤¢eL h‰p¡¢q­aÉ l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ Jl­g flöl¡j
AeÉaj ­nËù q¡pÉl¢pLz''22
fËjbe¡b ¢hn£ l¡S­nMl hp¤¤­L q¡pÉl¢pL ¢q­p­h A¢i¢qa L­l ¢m­M­Re :
""f¤l¡L¡­m flöl¡j H­p¢R­me j¡e¤o j¡l­a, Bj¡­cl L¡­m flöl¡­jl
­p lLj ­L¡e j¡l¡aÈL E­ŸnÉ ¢Rm e¡z ¢a¢e j¡e¤o­L q¡¢p­u ¢N­u­Rez HC
q¡¢pl fËL«¢a ¢L a¡ e¡ qu f­l ¢hQ¡l Ll¡ k¡­h, a­h Bf¡aa: ¢e¢hÑQ¡­l hm¡
k¡u ­k flöl¡j q¡¢pl NÒf ¢m­M ¢N­u­Re―­p ph N­Òf AeÉ¡eÉ Ef¡c¡e
b¡L­mJ q¡¢pV¡C j§m Ef¡c¡ez''23
X. A¢SaL¥j¡l ­O¡o ¢m­M­Re :

126
 ""q¡pÉlp pª¢ø­a flöl¡­jl pjLr ­mML haÑj¡e h¡Pm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ Bl ­LqC
­eCz''24
Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤­M¡f¡dÉ¡u ¢m­M­Re :

""flöl¡j Jl­g l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ (SeÈ 16C j¡QÑ, 1880 MË£ø¡ë - jªaÉ¥ 1960
MË£ø¡ë) haÑj¡e na­Ll fËbj f¡­cl ­no ­b­L o¡­Vl cnL fkÑ¿¹ 35 hRl
(1922-1957) k¡hv l‰-hɉ-­L±a¥L-ECV-¢qEj¡l-pÉ¡­Vu¡ldjÑ£ NÒf
¢m­M­Rez''25

e¡l¡uZ N­‰¡f¡dÉ¡u ¢m­M­Re :

""f¢lj¡¢SÑa ­L±a¥­L, Q¢lœ¢QœZ °ef¤­ZÉ Hhw h¡N°hc­‡ ¢a¢e (flöl¡j)

HL¡d¡­l h¡‰¡¢ml ­Slj ­L ­Slj Hhw ¢ØV­ge ¢mLLz''26

nË£L¥j¡l h­¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u ay¡l q¡pÉlp pð­å j¿¹hÉ L­l­Re :

""l¡S­nMlh¡h¤l q¡pÉl­pl j­dÉ HLV¡ üa:Evp¡¢la fË¡Q¥kÑ J Ae¡¢hm ¢hö¢Ü
B­Rz ay¡q¡l l¢pLa¡fËh¡q h¤¢Ül hSÊœ²£s¡u ­O¡m¡­V qu e¡C, p§kÑL­l¡‹Æm
¢eTÑ­ll eÉ¡u pqS p¡hm£m eªaÉi­‰ q¡¢pl ¢T¢L¢j¢L Rs¡C­a Rs¡C­a h¢qu¡
Q¢mu¡­Rz''27

A¢paL¥j¡l h­¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u h­m­Re :

""q¡pÉ­L±a¥L­L LÓ¡¢pL fkÑ¡­u a¥­m dl¡l ­N±lh ay¡l (flöl¡j) fË¡fÉz''28

­k ­L¡e q¡pÉlpp¡aÈL p¡¢q­aÉl j§m E­ŸnÉ pj¡S pj¡­m¡Qe¡ h¡ pj¡­Sl

Ap‰¢a…¢m­L j¡e¤­ol ­Q¡­M a¥­m dl¡z a¡C q¡pÉl¢pL­L HLSe pj¡S pj¡­m¡QL hm¡
­k­a f¡­lz pj¡S pj¡­m¡Qe¡ h¡c ¢c­u ¢eRL q¡pÉlp pª¢ø L­l LM­e¡C jqv q¡pÉl­pl
p¡¢qaÉ pª¢ø Ll¡ k¡u e¡z q¡pÉl¢pL a¡l q¡¢pl jdÉ ¢c­u e¡e¡ p¡j¡¢SL Ap‰¢a­L,
Q¡¢l¢œL Ap‰¢a­L f¡W­Ll clh¡­l a¥­m d­lez ph­r­œC a¡l A¢ifË¡u b¡­L pj¡S
pwú¡lz
""pj¡S pwú¡l q¡¢pl (¢eRL ­L±a¥L q¡pÉ R¡s¡J) E­ŸnÉ h­mC q¡pÉl¢pL­L
HLV¡ j¡fL¡¢W hÉhq¡l Ll­a quz ­p j¡fL¡¢W Ethical q­a f¡­l,
Intellectual q­a f¡­l, Social q­a f¡­l h¡ AeÉ ­L¡e lL­jl q­a f¡­lz

127
 HL¢V Norm h¡ BcnÑ ­mM­Ll j­el j­dÉ b¡­L, pj¡­Sl ­kM¡­e ­pC
Bc­nÑl QÉ¥¢a O­V­R ­pM¡­e ¢a¢e j¡fL¡¢WM¡¢e ­hl L­l H¢N­u B­pez''29

l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l fËbj NÒfpwLme NË¿Û "N—¢mL¡' 1924 MË£ø¡­ë fËL¡¢naz HC

NÒfNË¿¢Û V­a ­j¡V fy¡Q¢V NÒf ÙÛ¡e ­f­u­Rz NÒf…¢m kb¡œ²­j : "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX',
"¢Q¢Lvp¡-pwLV', "jq¡¢hcÉ¡', "mðLZÑ' J "i¨nä£l j¡­W'z üuw lh£¾cÊe¡b NË¿Û¢Vl fËnwp¡u
f’j¤M q­u¢R­mez lh£¾cÊe¡b ¢m­M­Re :
""hCM¡¢el e¡j "N—¢mL¡ fËh¡q'z iu ¢Rm f¡­R e¡­jl p­‰ hC­ul
BaÈf¢lQ­ul ¢jm b¡­L, ­Lee¡ p¡¢q­aÉ N—¢mL¡ fËh¡­ql A¿¹ e¡Cz ¢L¿¹¥ pqp¡
Cq¡l Ap¡j¡eÉa¡ ­c¢Mu¡ QjL m¡¢Nmz QjL m¡¢Nh¡l ­qa¥ HC ­k, Hje HLM¡¢e
hC q¡­a B¢p­m j­e qu ­mM­Ll p­‰ c£OÑL¡­ml f¢lQu b¡L¡ E¢Qa ¢Rmz
pL¡­m qW¡v O¤j i¡¢‰u¡ k¢c à¡­ll L¡­R ­c¢M HLV¡ EC­ul ¢Y¢h BÕQkÑ ­W­L
e¡, ¢L¿¹¥ k¢c ­c¢M jÙ¹ HLV¡ hV N¡R a­h ­pV¡­L ¢L W¡Jl¡Ch i¡¢hu¡ EW¡ k¡u
e¡z ­mML flöl¡j RcÈe¡­jl ¢fR­e N¡ Y¡L¡ ¢cu¡­Re, i¡¢hu¡ ­c¢Mm¡j, ­Qe¡
­m¡L h¢mu¡ j­e qCm e¡, ­Lee¡ ­mM¡V¡l Efl ­L¡e ­Qe¡ q¡­al R¡f f­s
e¡Cz e§ae j¡e¤o h­V p­¾cq e¡C ¢L¿¹¥ f¡L¡ q¡az''30
"N—¢mL¡' NÒfNË­¿Ûl A¿¹iѨš² "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX' flöl¡­jl fËbj NÒfz
"i¡lahoÑ' f¢œL¡u 1922 MË£ø¡­ë NÒf¢V fËL¡¢na quz HC NÒf¢V fËL¡­nl fl flöl¡j
l¡a¡l¡¢a ¢hMÉ¡a q­u k¡ez HC NÒf¢V­a dl¡ f­s­R flöl¡­jl Ni£l pj¡S h£rZz
g¾c£h¡S Ap¡d¤ hÉhp¡u£­cl L¡kÑLm¡f Hhw a¡­cl ¢alú¡l H N­Òfl j§m Lb¡z H NË­¿Ûl
h¡¢L NÒf…¢m qm "¢Q¢Lvp¡-pˆV', "jq¡¢hcÉ¡', "mðLZÑ' J i¨nä£l j¡­W'z H NÒf…¢m­a
l­u­R flöl¡­jl Ni£l pj¡S h£r­Zl f¢lQuz HC NË¿Ûi¥š² NÒf…¢m­a ­L±a¥­Ll
A¿¹l¡­m flöl¡j ­L¡b¡J iä ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡­L hɉ L­l­Re, ­L¡b¡J h¡ hɉ L­l­Re
pj¡­Sl ‘¡¢e…Z£ ­m¡­Ll j¤MÑ¡¢j­Lz j¡ehfË£¢a J jjaÆ­h¡­dl q¡¢p J AnË―
¥ c¤¢V ¢cL­LC
­mML HM¡­e B­m¡Lf¡a L­l­Re Ap¡d¡lZ ¢ef¤Za¡l p­‰z
flöl¡­jl ¢àa£u NÒfNË¿Û "L‹m£' (1928)z HC NË¿¢Û V 6¢V N­Òfl pwLmez
NÒf…¢m qm―"¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡', "S¡h¡¢m', "c¢rZ l¡u', "üuðl¡', "L¢Qpwpc' J "EmV
f¤l¡Z'z HC f­hÑl NÒf…¢m ¢h¢Qœ ü¡­clz NÒf…¢m­a dl¡ f­s­R flöl¡­jl ¢eSü
­j±¢mL hɉ-¢h⨭fl a£rÁ h¡Z£z N­Òfl ­j¡s­L ¢a¢e ¢h¢iæ hÉ¢š²Na J p¡j¡¢SL

128
Ap‰¢al fË¢a B­m¡Lf¡a L­l­Rez q¡¢pl Bs¡­m HM¡­e h¢oÑa q­u­R ¢hâ¨fh¡Zz
flöl¡j HM¡­e ­f±l¡¢ZL Q¢lœ­LJ Bd¤¢eLa¡l ­j¡s­L EfÙÛ¡¢fa L­l­Rez
1937 MË£ø¡­ë fËL¡¢na qu 11¢V N­Òfl pwLme NË¿Û "qe¤j¡­el üfÀ CaÉ¡¢c
NÒf'z flöl¡­jl f¢lZa j­el R¡f g¥­V E­W­R HC NË¿Ûi¥š² NÒf…¢m­az HC NË­¿Û ­k
pjÙ¹ NÒf A¿¹i¥š
Ñ ² q­u­R ­p…¢m qm "qe¤j¡­el üfÀ', "f¤e¢jÑme', "E­f¢ra',
"E­f¢ra¡', "…l¦¢hc¡u', "j­q­nl k¡œ¡', "l¡a¡l¡¢a', "­fËjQœ²', "cnLl­Zl h¡ZfËÙÛ',
"a«a£u c§Éapi¡' J "B­jl f¢lZ¡j' fËi«¢az HC NÒf…¢m ¢h¢Qœ ü¡­clz flöl¡j ­k
hɉdjÑ£ ­R¡VNÒfL¡l a¡l ¢ecnÑe l­u­R HC NÒf…¢m­az LM­e¡ ¢a¢e h¡Ù¹h p­Qae ¢nÒf£
Bh¡l LM­e¡ N¡-Rj-Rj Ll¡ A¢afË¡L«al­pl pw­k¡SeL¡l£ ¢nÒf£z j¡eh Q¢l­œl
jeÙ¹¡¢šÄL ¢cL¢V ­L±a¥­Ll jdÉ ¢c­u flöl¡j a¥­m d­l­Re B­m¡QÉ NÒf…¢m­az ­mM­Ll
¢e¢hs pq¡e¤i¨¢al Øf­nÑ fË¢a¢V N­ÒfC i¡­hl p­‰ i¡o¡l p¤¤ù¥ pjeÄu N­s E­W­Rz

Hlfl 1950 MË£ø¡­ë 10¢V N­Òfl pwLme ¢e­u BaÈfËL¡n L­l flöl¡­jl
B­lL¢V ¢hMÉ¡a NÒfNË¿Û "NÒfLÒf'z e¡jLlZ¢V ö­e j­e q­a f¡­l ­k M¤h pñha
NÒf…¢m h¡Ù¹­hl p­‰ pÇfLÑq£e, ¢L¿¹¥ a¡ euz h¡Ù¹ha¡l p­‰ LÒfe¡l ­jmhå­e NÒf…¢m
¢iæ j¡œ¡ ­f­u­Rz HC NË­¿Û ­k NÒf…¢m p¢æ­h¢na q­u­R ­p…¢m qm : "N¡j¡e¤o S¡¢al
Lb¡', "AVmh¡h¤l A¢¿¹j ¢Q¿¹¡', "l¡S­i¡N', "flnf¡bl', "l¡jl¡SÉ', "­n¡e¡Lb¡', "¢ae
¢hd¡a¡', "i£jN£a¡', "¢p¢Üe¡­bl fËm¡f', "¢Ql”£h' fËi«¢az lp¡­hc­el ­r­œ fË¢a¢V NÒfC
¢iæalz flöl¡­jl ¢eSü ­j±¢mL hɉ ¢h⨭fl a£rÁ h¡Z£ dl¡ f­l­R HC NÒf…¢m­az
HM¡­e ¢a¢e ­ke q­u E­W­Re S£hel¢pL ¢nÒf£z L¡¢q¢e A­eL­r­œ VÊÉ¡­S¢X
mrÈe¡œ²¡¿a q­u E­W­Rz ¢a¢e ­k Ae¤fj lp pª¢ø­a L¥nm£ ¢nÒf£ a¡l cªø¡¿¹ l­u­R
B­m¡QÉ NÒf…¢m­az ­pC p­‰ l­u­R ¢nö jeÙ¹aÆ­L ¢e­u ­L±a¥L pª¢øl HL ¢iælL­jl
fË­Qø¡z fËL¡n l£¢al e§ae Lm¡-­L±n­m ­mM­Ll ¢nÒfcª¢øl f¢lQuJ HM¡­e f¡Ju¡ k¡uz
Hlfl 1953 MË£ø¡­ë fËL¡¢na qu flöl¡­jl B­lL¢V NÒfNË¿Û "L«o·L¢m CaÉ¡¢c
NÒf'z ­k NÒf…¢m HC NË­¿Û fËL¡¢na qu ­p…¢m qm "L«o·L¢m', "SV¡dl h„£',
"¢el¡¢jo¡n£ h¡O', "hle¡l£hlZ', "HL…­u h¡bÑ¡', "f’¢fËu¡ f¡’¡m£', "¢eL¢oa ­qj',
"h¡m¢MmÉN­Zl Evf¢š', "plm¡r ­q¡j', "Ba¡l f¡­up', "ih­a¡o W¡L¥l', "Be¾c ¢jÙ»£'
fËi«¢az AbÑ¡v ­j¡V h¡­l¡¢V NÒf HC NË­¿Ûl A¿¹iѨš²z HM¡­e ­mML ¢h¢Qœ cª¢øi‰£l
¢ecnÑe ­l­M­Rez f¤l¡Z-¢eù¡l p¡­b p¡­b NÒfL¡l j¡ehj­el S¢Vm jeÙ¹¡¢šÄL ¢c­Ll

129
fË¢a B­m¡Lf¡a L­l­Re B­m¡QÉ NÒf…¢m­az ­pC p­‰ fËL¡¢na q­u­R A¢a­m±¢LL
NÒflp pªS­e flöl¡­jl cra¡z
"e£ma¡l¡ CaÉ¡¢c NÒf' NË¿¢Û V flöl¡­jl HL AehcÉ pª¢øz NË¿¢Û Vl fËL¡n L¡m
1956 MË£ø¡ëz HC NË­¿Ûl NÒf pwMÉ¡ ­j¡V 13¢Vz HC NÒf…¢m qm―"e£ma¡l¡',
"¢a­m¡šj¡', "SV¡d­ll ¢hfc', "¢a¢l­Q±d¤l£', "¢nhm¡m', "e£mLã', "Suq¢ll ­ShË¡',
"¢nh¡j¤M£ ¢Qj­V', "à¡¢¾àL L¢ha¡', "de¤j¡j¡l q¡¢p', "j¡‰¢mL', "¢e¢dl¡­jl ¢ehÑå',
"Øj«¢aLb¡' fËi«¢az HC f­hÑl ­R¡VNÒf…¢m­L flöl¡j LÒfe¡l l­P l¡¢P­u­Re Hhw
pj¡S h¡Ù¹ha¡l fËp‰J H…¢m­a pÇf¨ZÑi¡­h Ef¢ÙÛaz
flöl¡­jl Hl f­ll NÒfNË¿Û "Be¾c£h¡D CaÉ¡¢c NÒf' fËL¡¢na qu 1957
MË£ø¡­ëz ­j¡V 15¢V NÒf H­a ÙÛ¡e ­f­u­Rz HC NÒf…¢m qm Be¾c£h¡D', Q¡‰¡ue£
p¤¤d¡', "h­VnÄ­ll Ahc¡e', "¢e­j¡ÑL eªaÉ', "Xðl¦ f¢äa', "c¤C ¢pwq', "L¡jl©¢fe£',
"L¡n£e¡­bl SeÈ¡¿¹l', "NNe-Q¢V', "Acmhcm', "l¡Sj¢qo£', "ehS¡aL', "¢Q¢Wh¡S£',
"paÉpå ¢he¡uL', "kk¡¢al kl¡' fËi«¢az HC f­hÑl fË¢a¢V N­ÒfC flöl¡­jl ¢eSü
­j±¢mL fË¢ai¡ dl¡ f­s­Rz A­eL…¢m NÒfC L¡Òf¢eL EáV, BS…¢h ­nËZ£i¥¨š²z ÙÛ¡­e
ÙÛ¡­e ­kje ­L±a¥Ll­pl pw­k¡Se O­V­R ­aj¢e j¡e¤­ol e¡e¡ Q¡¢l¢œL c¤hÑma¡l fË¢a
flöl¡­jl hɉ­mMe£ q­u­R ­p¡µQ¡lz ­L¡e ­L¡e N­Òf ­mML ¢h¢iæ p¡¢q¢aÉL J
pÇf¡c­Ll ¢hl¦­Ü a£hË hɉh¡Z ¢e­rf L­l­Rez h¡Ù¹­hl p­‰ LÒfe¡n¢š²l ¢jnË­Z
flöl¡­jl H NÒf…¢m AehcÉ q­u E­W­Rz
flöl¡­jl ­no NÒfNË¿Û "QjvL¥j¡l£ CaÉ¡¢c NÒf'z NË¿Û¢V fËL¡¢na qu 1953
MË£ø¡­ëz HC NË­¿Ûl NÒf pwMÉ¡ ­j¡V 16¢Vz HC NÒf…¢ml j­dÉ "S¡j¡C où£' NÒf¢V
Apj¡ç AhÙÛ¡u fËL¡¢na quz NÒf¢Vl ­f¢¾p­m ­mM¡ Mps¡ f¡ä¥¢m¢f l¡S­nM­ll jªaÉ¥l
fl f¡Ju¡ k¡uz ­mM¡ A­eL A¡­Nlz H NÒfNË­¿Û fËL¡¢na "…mh¤¢mÙÛ¡e' NÒf¢V BlhÉ
EfeÉ¡­pl Efpwq¡lz BlhÉ EfeÉ¡p pÇf­LÑ ­k flöl¡­jl ­L±a¨qm ¢Rm a¡l cªø¡¿¹
"…mh¤¢mÙÛ¡e' NÒf¢Vz H NË­¿Û fËL¡¢na AeÉ¡eÉ NÒf…¢m qm "QjvL¥j¡l£', "LcÑj ­jMm¡',
"j¡vp eÉ¡u', "Ev­L¡Q ašÄ', fË¡Q£e Lb¡', "EvLã¡ Ù¹ñ', "c£­e­nl i¡NÉ', "i¨oZ f¡m',
"cy¡s L¡N', "NZvL¡l', "p¡­sp¡a m¡M', "k­n¡ja£', "Sul¡j Su¿¹£', "…¢f p¡­qh'
fËi«¢az NÒf…¢m ­hn£li¡NC ­L±a¥L lp¡aÈLz a­h ­L±a¥­Ll Bs¡­m hÉ­‰l h¡Z ¢e¢rç
q­u­R H…¢m­az ­L¡b¡J A¢al”e J h¤¢ÜïwnL¡l£ Aá¥a OVe¡l pj¡­hn à¡l¡ q¡pÉlp
pª¢ø Ll¡ q­u­Rz k¢cJ A­eL…¢m NÒf A­eLV¡ q¡ó¡ Q¡­ml, p§rÈ¡¢ap§rÈ Ni£l Efm¢ìl

130
Ai¡h ­pM¡­e ­b­L ­N­R, a¡ p­šÄJ H NÒf…¢m ­b­L l‰hɉ¢fËu flöl¡j­L ¢Q­e ¢e­a
Bj¡­cl Lø qu e¡z
flöl¡­jl NÒfNË¿Û pwMÉ¡ eu¢Vz HC eu¢V NÒfNË­¿Û flöl¡­jl ­j¡V 100¢V
N­Òfl pj¡­hn O­V­Rz ay¡l ¢h¢Qœj¤M£ ­R¡VNÒf­L ¢hou Ae¤p¡­l L­uL¢V i¡­N ¢hiš² Ll¡
­k­a f¡­l:

­f±l¡¢ZL fËp‰k¤š², iä¡¢j ¢houL, ­l¡j¡¾p-l¢pLa¡f§ZÑ, p¡¢qaÉ J p¡¢q¢aÉL

¢houL, BcnÑh¡­cl hɉ¢Qœ ¢houL, l¡Se£¢a-pj¡Se£¢a-AbÑe£¢a ¢houL, LÒf °h‘¡¢eL
fËp‰ ¢houL, Ss fc¡bÑ ¢houL, fö J f¡M£ ¢houL, A¢afË¡L«a J ­i±¢aL ¢houL J
BS…¢h ¢houLz ¢hou Ae¤p¡­l NÒf…¢m ¢e­jÀ fËcš qm :

(1) ­f±l¡¢ZL fËp‰k¤š² NÒf : f¤l¡Z­L Bd¤¢eL L¡­ml j­dÉ H­e a¡l
e­dÉ A¢ieh a¡vf­kÑl på¡e L­l flöl¡j hý ­R¡VNÒf lQe¡ L­l­Rez
­f±l¡¢ZL J Bd¤¢eLa¡l pw¢jnË­Z NÒf…¢ml j­dÉ ­L±a¥Ll­pl h¡a¡hlZ pª¢ø
q­u­Rz HC f­hÑl NÒf…¢m qm : "S¡h¡m£', "qe¤j¡­el üfÀ', "cnLl­Zl
h¡ZfËÙÛ', "a«a£u cɨapi¡', "l¡j l¡SÉ', "i£jN£a¡', "¢Ql”£h', "il­al
T¥jT¥¢j', "­lha£l f¢am¡i', "Nåj¡ce °hWL', "f’¢fËu¡ f¡’¡m£',
"h¡m¢MmÉN­Zl Evf¢š', "¢e­jÑ¡L eªaÉ', "Xðl¦ f¢äa', "kk¡¢al kl¡', "LcÑj
­jMm¡' fËi«¢az

(2) iä¡¢j ¢houL NÒf : "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX', "¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡,

"¢Q¢Lvp¡ pˆV, "kc¤ X¡š²¡­ll ­f­n¾V' fËi«¢az
(3) p¡¢q¢aÉL­cl ¢hl¦Ü¡QlZ ¢houL NÒf : "c¤C ¢pwq',
"l¡jd­el °hl¡NÉ', "h­VnÄ­ll Ahc¡e', "à¡¢¾àL L¢ha¡' fËi¢« az
(4) BcnÑh¡­cl hɉ¢Qœ ¢houL NÒf : "AVmh¡h¤l A¢¿¹j ¢Q¿¹¡',
"¢p¢Üe¡­bl fËm¡f', "Aœ²¥l pwh¡c', "ih­a¡o W¡L¥l', "¢e¢dl¡­jl ¢ehÑå', "paÉpå
¢he¡uL', "i¨oe f¡m' fËi«¢az
(5) A¢afË¡L«a J ­i±¢aL NÒf : "j­q­nl jq¡k¡œ¡', "i¨nä£l
j¡­W', "hce ­Q±d¤l£l ­n¡Lpi¡', "SV¡dl h„£', "¢nh¡j¤M£ ¢Qj­V' fËi«¢az

131
 (6) ­l¡j¡¾p-l¢pLa¡f§ZÑ NÒf : "f¤e¢jÑme, "E­f¢ra',
"E­f¢ra¡'"­fËjQœ²', "e£ma¡l¡', "¢a­m¡šj¡', "¢a¢l ­Q±d¤l£', "l¡Sj¢qo£',
"¢Q¢Wh¡S£',"k­n¡ja£', "Suq¢ll ­ShË¡' fËi«¢az

(7) ¢nöQ¢lœfËd¡e NÒf : "L«o·L¢m', "lV¿¹£ L¥j¡l', "¢nh¡j¤M£

¢Qj­V', "de¤j¡j¡l q¡¢p' fËi«¢az

(8) föf¡M£ ¢houL NÒf : "mðLZÑ', "…l¦ ¢hc¡u', "c¢rZl¡u',

"mrÈ£l h¡qe', "Suq¢ll ­ShË¡', "l¡Sj¢qo£', "ehm¡m' fËi«¢az

(9) l¡Se£¢a ¢houL NÒf : "c¢rZl¡u', "EmV f¤l¡Z', "¢ae

¢hd¡a¡' fËi«¢az

(10) pj¡S-AbÑe£¢a ¢houL NÒf : "où£l L«f¡' "e£mLã',

¢p¢Üe¡­bl fËm¡f', "p¡­s p¡a m¡M' fËi«¢az

(11) Ssfc¡bÑ ¢houL NÒf : "HL…­u h¡bÑ¡' J "flnf¡bl'z

(12) LÒf-°h‘¡¢eL fËp‰k¤š² NÒf : "N¡j¡e¤o S¡¢al Lb¡',

"NNeQ¢V', "j¡‰¢mL' fËi«¢az
(13) a¡l¦­ZÉl ¢hm¡¢pa¡ J Ap‰¢aj§mL NÒf : "L¢Q pwpc',
"l¡a¡l¡¢a' fËi«¢az
HR¡s¡J flöl¡­jl ­R¡VNÒf…¢ml B­l¡ c¤¢V ­nËZ£¢hi¡N Ll¡ ­k­a
f¡­l :

(L) ­Lc¡l Q¡V¥­kÉ fkÑ¡u : "mðLZÑ', "…l¦¢hc¡u', "l¡a¡l¡¢a',

"üuwhl¡', "c¢rZ l¡u', "j­q­nl jq¡k¡œ¡' fËi¢« az

(M) SV¡dl h„£ fkÑ¡u : "Q¡‰¡uZ£ p¤¤d¡', "j¡‰¢mL', "N j¡e¤o

S¡¢al Lb¡' fËi«¢az

(1) ­f±l¡¢ZL fËp‰k¤š² NÒf :

flöl¡­jl A­eL…¢m NÒf l­u­R ­k…¢m ­f±l¡¢ZL L¡¢q¢e J Q¢lœ­L Ahmðe

L­l l¢Qaz i¡lah­oÑl ­f±l¡¢ZL L¡¢q¢el fË¢a l¡S­nM­ll Ni£l Ae¤l¡N ¢Rmz ­pC

132
Ae¤l¡Nhnax h¡mÈ£¢Ll "l¡j¡uZ' J hÉ¡p­c­hl "jq¡i¡l­a'l pw¢rç, abÉ¢eù NcÉ l©f¡¿¹l
L­l¢R­me ¢a¢ez p¡l¡e¤h¡c L­l­Re L¡¢mc¡­pl "­jOc§a' J "nË£já¡NhaN£a¡l'z ­f±l¡¢ZL
SN­al A¾cljq­m Ah¡d k¡a¡u¡­al p§­œ ­f±l¡¢ZL Q¢lœ…¢m­L q¡­al a¡m¤l jaC
¢Qe­a ­f­l¢R­me flöl¡jz a¡C ¢a¢e kMe ­R¡VNÒf ¢m­M­Re aMeJ ­f±l¡¢ZL fËp‰
ay¡l j­e pc¡S¡NËa ¢Rmz l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ S¡e­ae :

""f¤l¡Z Lb¡l HL¢V ­j¡¢qe£ n¢š² B­Rz k¢c ¢ef¤Z lQ¢ua¡l j¤M h¡ ­mMe£ ­b­L
¢eNÑa qu a­h a¡ ¢hnÄ¡p£ A¢hnÄ¡p£ pLm­LC j¤‡ Ll­a f¡­lz fË¡Q£e p¡¢q­aÉl
fË¢a Bj¡­cl HLV¡ ü¡i¡¢hL BLoÑZ B­R, a¡l œ¥¢V Bjl¡ pq­SC j¡SÑe¡
L¢lz ¢nö ­kje l©fLb¡l A¢hnÄ¡pÉ hÉ¡f¡l ­j­e ¢e­u fË¡Q£e p¡¢qaÉ Ef­i¡N
Ll­a f¡­lz Hl SeÉ djÑ ¢hnÄp h¡ f§hÑ pwú¡l HL¡¿¹ BhnÉL eu ­aj¢e Ec¡l
f¡WL phÑ­c­nl f¤l¡ZC pjcª¢ø­a f¡W Ll­a f¡­lez h¡mÈ£¢Ll NË­¿Û l©fLb¡ J
BlhÉ EfeÉ¡­pl a¥mÉ ¢h¢Qœ A¢afË¡L«a hZÑe¡ A­eL B­Rz ­pM¡­e L¡hÉlpJ
fËQ¥l B­R ¢L¿¹¥ Hl BMÉ¡ei¡NC p¡d¡lZ f¡W­Ll phÑ¡­fr¡ ¢Qš¡LoÑLz h¡mÈ£¢L
L¢ba HC fË¡Q£e BMÉ¡e ­L¡eJ Bd¤¢eL EfeÉ¡­pl ­Q­u Lj j­e¡ql euz''31

ay¡l f¤l¡Z¢houL NÒf…¢m ­pC i¡he¡lC gpmz H NÒf…¢m pjÙ¹C ­k q¡pÉl­pl NÒf a¡
eu a­h q¡pÉl¢pL l¡S­nM­ll hÉ¢š²aÆ­L S¡e­a q­m H NÒf…¢mlJ B­m¡Qe¡ Ll¡
fË­u¡Sez

­f±l¡¢ZL ¢hou­L ¢e­u p¡¢qaÉ lQe¡l fËu¡p AhnÉ l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l B­NC öl¦
q­u¢Rm h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉz pjNË E¢en na­Ll ¢àa£u¡dÑ S¥­s jd¤p§ce, ­qjQ¾cÊ, eh£eQ¾cÊ
¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ, Ajªam¡m, ¢X. Hm. l¡u fËj¤M p¡¢q¢aÉ­Ll¡ ­f±l¡¢ZL Q¢lœ J ¢hou ¢e­u hý
N¡b¡L¡hÉ., jq¡L¡hÉ, BMÉ¡eL¡hÉ J e¡VL lQe¡ L­l¢R­mez jd¤p§c­el f¤l¡ZfË£¢a J
­f±l¡¢ZL ¢ho­u ‘¡e ­k La ¢hÙ¹«a Hhw Ni£l ¢Rm a¡ ay¡l f¡WLj¡œC Efm¢ì Ll­a
f¡­lez HL "­jOe¡chd L¡hÉ'-H ­f±l¡¢ZL Ae¤o­‰l Lb¡ ØjlZ Ll­mC jd¤p§c­el
­f±l¡¢ZL ‘¡­el f¢l¢d Bj¡­cl ¢hØj­ul p£j¡ A¢aœ²j L­lz ¢L¿¹¥ ­f±l¡¢ZL ¢hou ¢e­u
q¡¢pl NÒf lQe¡u pñha flöl¡jC f¢bL«vz ay¡l ­f±l¡¢ZL fËp‰k¤š² NÒf…¢m B­m¡Qe¡
Ll­mC H ¢ho­u flöl¡­jl Ni£l h£rZ dl¡ f­sz H NÒf…¢ml j­dÉ phÑ¡­NË E­õM
Ll­a qu "S¡h¡¢m' N­Òfl Lb¡z

133
 f¤l¡­Z S¡h¡¢ml ¢h¢Qœ ph f¢lQu B­Rz S¡h¡¢m ¢hnÄ¡¢j­œl p¿¹¡e Hhw "AbhÑ
­h­c'l hÉ¡MÉ¡a¡z "R¡­¾c¡NÉ Ef¢eoc' ­b­L S¡e¡ k¡u S¡h¡m¡ e¡­j HL ljZ£l NiÑS¡a
p¿¹¡e ¢R­me S¡h¡¢m Hhw a¡l …l¦ ­N±aj a¡­L S¡h¡¢m e¡­j A¢i¢qa L­lez
"fcÈf¤l¡Z' Ae¤p¡­l S¡h¡¢m HLSe fËi¡hn¡m£ j¤¢Z ¢R­me Hhw ay¡l p¿¹¡el¡ S¡h¡¢m e¡­j
f¢l¢Qa q­aez "ú¾c f¤l¡­Z' hm¡ B­R S¡h¡¢m HLSe j¤¢Z ky¡l afpÉ¡u iu ­f­u C¾cÊ
lñ¡­L ay¡l afpÉ¡ i‰ Ll­a f¡W¡uz H­a ay¡l HL¢V LeÉ¡ qu Hhw l¡S¡ ¢Qœ¡‰c a¡­L
Q¥¢l Ll­m S¡h¡¢ml n¡­f ¢Qœ¡‰c L¥ù­l¡N¡œ²¡¿¹ qez Bh¡l A­k¡dÉ¡l l¡S¡ cnl­bl
S¡h¡¢m e¡­j HLSe k¡SL hË¡Çj­Zl Lb¡ S¡e¡ k¡uz

flöl¡j ­k S¡h¡¢ml Q¢lœ AˆZ L­l­Re a¡ ¢hn na­Ll Ef­k¡N£z f¤l¡­Zl

L¡¢q¢e…¢ml ­r­œ ­cM¡ k¡u ­k HL¢V L¡¢q¢e ¢h¢iæ f¤l¡­Z ¢h¢iæi¡­h h¢ZÑa q­u­Rz
S¡h¡¢ml ­r­œJ a¡l hÉ¢aœ²j qu¢ez flöl¡j ¢hwn na¡ë£­a h­p HL eh S¡h¡¢ml
BMÉ¡e lQe¡ L­l­Rez AhnÉ f¤l¡Z L¡¢q¢e­L ¢a¢e pÇf¨ZÑ Aü£L¡l L­le¢ez ¢h¢iæ f¤l¡Z
n¡­Ù»l j­dÉ ¢a¢e l¡j¡u­e h¢ZÑa S¡h¡m£l à¡l¡C phÑ¡¢dL fËi¡¢ha q­u­Rez flöl¡j
¢e­SC S¡¢e­u­Re : ""S¡h¡m£l Lb¡ l¡j¡u­Z HC fkÑ¿¹ B­Rz k¡q¡ e¡C a¡q¡ ¢e­jÀ h¢ZÑa
qCmz''32

hm¡h¡ýmÉ l¡j¡u­Zl HC e¡ hm¡ Lb¡C flöl¡­jl q¡­a eh S¡h¡¢ml Ef¡MÉ¡­e

f¢lea q­u­Rz HC S¡h¡¢m Bd¤¢eL jeúz ay¡l ""¢œ påÉ¡ e¡C, Sfaf e¡C, A¢NÀ­q¡œ
e¡C, ­Lhm aLÑ L¢lu¡ ­m¡L QV¡C­a f¡­lez''33 ¢a¢e ­m¡L¡ua cnÑ­el Aå Ae¤p¡l£ ee,
¢a¢e ¢e¢iÑL¢Qš pÇf¨ZÑ pwú¡lj¤š² HLSe h¢mù f¤l¦oz fËbj ¢hnÄk¤Ü pjp¡j¢uL J a¡l
flhaÑ£ pj­ul pj¡S Hhw j¡e¤o­L flöl¡j °h‘¡¢eL cª¢ø ¢c­u ¢eMy¥ai¡­h fkÑ­hrZ
L­l¢R­mez ¢a¢e Efm¢ì L­l¢R­me pj¡­S aMeJ e¡e¡ pwú¡l L£i¡­h B­øfª­ø S¢s­u
B­R, L£i¡­h j¡e¤o ay¡l ¢e­Sl ü¡bÑ ¢p¢Ü Ll­a BcnÑ ­b­L p­l Bp­R Hhw paÉ
p¤¤¾c­ll ¢Ql¡Q¢la BcnÑ­L hªÜ¡‰¥ù ­cM¡­µRz S¡h¡¢m Q¢l­œl jdÉ ¢c­u pjp¡j¢uL pj¡­Sl
HC h¡Ù¹h paÉ­LC EcÚO¡Ve Ll­a ­Q­u­Re flöl¡jz
"S¡h¡¢m' N­Òfl L¡¢q¢e Awn pw¢rçz l¡jQ¾cÊ­L A­k¡dÉ¡u fËaÉ¡eu­el SeÉ k¡l¡
¢QœL¨V fhÑ­a ¢N­u¢R­me a¡­cl j­dÉ S¡h¡¢m j¤¢eJ ¢R­mez pL­mC kMe l¡jQ¾cÊ­L
¢g¢l­u Be­a hÉbÑ qe aMe S¡h¡¢m l¡jQ¾cÊ­L ¢g¢l­u ¢e­u ­k­a ¢LR¥ k¤¢š²l Aha¡lZ¡
L­lez S¡h¡¢ml k¤¢š²…¢m l¡jQ­¾cÊl j­e qu ­O¡l e¡¢Ù¹LÉh¡c£lz S¡h¡¢m A­k¡dÉ¡u ¢g­l

134
H­m MhÑV, Mõ¡V, M¡¢ma fËi«¢a G¢oNZ ay¡l fËhm ¢h­l¡¢da¡ öl¦ L­lez Hje¢L h¡¢s­a
¢N­u S¡h¡¢m­L Afj¡e Ll­aJ R¡­se e¡z aMe ¢exp¿¹¡e S¡h¡¢m Ù»£ ¢q­¾c¡¢me£­L ¢e­u
na⨠ec£ a£­l HL ljZ£u EfaÉL¡u fZÑL¥¢Vl ¢ejÑ¡Z L­l h¡p Ll­a b¡­Lez HM¡­e
S¡h¡¢ml L¡S qm ¢h¢hd c¤l©q ašÄpj§­ql Ae¤på¡e Ll¡ Hhw na⨠ec£­a j¡R d­l
Ahpl pju L¡V¡­e¡z ¢L¿¹¥ HM¡­eJ ¢eÙ¹¡l ­eCz …Sh l­V S¡h¡m£ C¾cÊaÆ, ¢ho·¥aÆ ¢Lð¡
Il©f ­L¡e HLV¡ fljfc Buš Ll¡l SeÉ afpÉ¡u h­p­Rez œ²­j H Mhl ¢N­u ­fy±R¡u
­chl¡S C­¾cÊl L¡­Rz C¾cÊ H­a iu ­f­u S¡h¡¢ml dÉ¡e i­‰l SeÉ Oªa¡Q£­L ay¡l L¡­R
­fËlZ L­lez ¢L¿¹¥ ­p ­Qø¡u Oªa¡Q£ hÉbÑ quz Hl fl e¡l­cl L¥V­L±n­m pjÙ¹ hË¡þ­Zl¡
HL¢œa q­u S¡h¡¢m­L Qlj cä ­cJu¡l SeÉ "¢höÜ °Q¢eL qm¡qm' ­S¡l L­l f¡e
Ll¡u Hhw Ni£l Al­ZÉ ­g­m B­pz ­pM¡­e h¡qÉ‘¡en§eÉ AhÙÛ¡u S¡h¡¢m HL üfÀ
­c­Mez ­pC ü­fÀ ay¡l iuˆl elL cnÑe OV­mJ üfÀi­‰l fl Ef¢ÙÛa qe üuw hËþ¡z
hËþ¡ a¡­L hl ­ce :
""­q ü¡hmð£ j¤š²ja£ k­n¡¢hj¤M afü£, a¥¢j Bl c¤NÑj Al­ZÉ
BaÈ­N¡fe L¢lJ e¡, ­m¡L pj¡­S ­a¡j¡l j¿» fËQ¡l L­l¡z ­a¡j¡­L ­Lq ¢heø
L¢l­h e¡z Af­lJ ­ke ­a¡j¡l à¡l¡ ¢heø e¡ quz ­q jq¡aÆe, a¥¢j AjlaÆ
m¡i L¢lu¡ k¤­N k¤­N j¡ehje­L pwp¡­ll e¡Nf¡n qC­a j¤š² L¢l­a b¡Lz''34

NÒf¢V­a Ae¡u¡­p HL¢V l©f­Ll BhlZ B¢h×L¡l Ll¡ k¡uz HL¢c­L

fl¡bÑj¤M£ea¡, AeÉ¢c­L fËb¡¢hl¦Üa¡ HC c¤CHl à­¾à j¡ehpj¡S ­ke p¤¤cl§ Aa£a ­b­L
BSJ ¢hh¢aÑaz pj¡­Sl h¡d¡dl¡ N—¢mL¡ ­Ù»¡­a N¡ i¡p¡­e¡ M¤hC pqS, ­pM¡­e p‰£lJ
Ai¡h qu e¡z ¢L¿¹¥ ü¡ÙÛÉLl pj¡­Sl SeÉ j¡­T j­dÉC fË­u¡Se f­l fËb¡ i¡‰¡lz H L¡S
AaÉ¿¹ L¢Wez f­b fË¢a f­c f­c B­p c¤Ù¹l hy¡d¡z ah¤ L¡E­L e¡ L¡E­L ANËpl q­aC
qu HC f­bz S¡h¡¢m HlLjC HLSe j¤š²j¢a j¡e¤o ¢k¢e ­L¡ei¡­hC pj¡­Sl h¡d¡dl¡
N—¢mL¡ ­Ù»¡­a N¡ i¡p¡e¢ez a¡­L Afh¡c öe­a q­u­R e¡¢Ù¹LÉh¡c£l, Bœ²jZ pqÉ
Ll­a q­u­R h¢nù¡¢c j¤¢e­clz a¡­aJ c­j k¡e¢e S¡h¡¢mz ¢e¢iÑL L­ã ­p h­m­R :
""l¡j, B¢j e¡¢Ù¹L e¢q, e¡¢Ù¹­Ll Lb¡J L¢q­a¢R e¡z Bl fl­m¡L fËi«¢a
­k ¢LR¥C e¡C a¡q¡J e­qz B¢j pju h¤¢Tu¡ e¡¢Ù¹L qC, Bh¡l Ahplœ²­j
B¢Ù¹L qCu¡ b¡¢Lz ­k L¡­m e¡¢Ù¹L qJu¡ BhnÉL, ­pC L¡m Ef¢ÙÛaz Hr­Z
­a¡j¡­L he qC­a fË¢aeue L¢lh¡l ¢e¢jš HCl©f L¢qm¡j, Hhw ­a¡j¡­L fËpæ
L¢lh¡l ¢e¢jšC Bh¡l a¡q¡ fËaÉ¡q¡l L¢l­a¢Rz''35
135
HlLj h¡Ù¹h h¤¢Ül k¤¢š²h¡c£ j¡e¤o p¢aÉC h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ ­h¡dqu Bl HL¢VJ My¥­S f¡Ju¡
k¡­h e¡z S¡h¡¢m ­ke Bd¤¢eL Ahr¢ua j¡ehpj¡­Sl ¢hl¦­Ü HL¢V j§¢aÑj¡e f˵Ræ
¢al×L¡lz a¡C fËjbe¡b ¢hn£ HC Q¢lœ¢V pÇf­LÑ hm­a ¢N­u h­m­Re :

""flöl¡­jl ­Q¡­M BcnÑ f¤l¦o S¡h¡¢mz Ajle¡b J Ljm¡L¡¿¹ ¢j¢m­u

¢e­m qu­a¡ h¢ˆjQ­¾cÊl hÉ¢š²aÆ­L M¡¢eLV¡ f¡Ju¡ k¡uz ­aj¢e M¤h pñh
flöl¡­jl hÉ¢š²­aÆl M¡¢eLV¡ f¡Ju¡ k¡u S¡h¡¢m Q¢l­œz flöl¡­jl Symbolic
36
Hero S¡h¡¢mz''
k¤¢š²h¡c£ ¢hdjÑ£ S¡h¡¢m­L n¡­uÙ¹¡ Ll­a ­k h¡m¢MmÉ j¤¢Zl¡ f­b ­e­j¢R­me ­pC
h¡m¢MmÉ­cl Evf¢šl C¢aq¡p ¢hhªa Ll¡ q­u­R "h¡m¢MmÉN­Zl Evf¢š' N­Òfz h¡m¢MmÉ
j¤¢Zl¡ ¢h­â¡­ql ­nÔ¡N¡e h¡ BJu¡S a¥m­a a¥m­a AL¡­m j¡a«NiÑ ­b­L ­h¢l­u H­p¢Rmz
Hl¡ "AL¡m L¥×j¡ä' J "AL¡m f‚'z Hl¡ j¡a«c¤‡ f¡e L­l¢e, h¡c¤­sl Ù¹­e f¤ø q­u
¢Rmz qWL¡¢la¡ ¢Rm a¡­cl fËd¡e Q¡¢l¢œL °h¢nøÉz a¡l¡ ¢Rm ¢Ql¡Q¢la pe¡ae d­jÑl
fªù­f¡oLz h¡m¢MmÉN­el Hl©f hZÑe¡l jdÉ ¢c­u flöl¡j S¡h¡¢ml ja pwú¡lf¿Û£ j¡e¤­ol
¢hl¦­Ü l¦­M cy¡s¡­e¡ j¡e¤o…¢ml A¿¹xül©f­L LV¡r L­l­Rez A­e­L NÒf¢Vl j­dÉ al¦Z
pj¡­Sl fË¢a flöl¡­jl LV¡rJ My¥­S ­f­u­Rez A¢Sa cš H NÒf fËp­‰ h­m­Re :
""
"h¡m¢MmÉN­Zl Evf¢š' (L«o·L¢m) NÒf¢V­a al¦Z-pj¡­Sl EµR«´Mm j­e¡i¡h­L ¢a¢e
­kl©f a£hË hÉ­‰ ¢hÜ L­l­Re, Hl©f Bl ­L¡b¡J ­cM¡ k¡u¢e''z36
"cnLl­Zl h¡ZfËÙÛ' N­Òf HL¢V p¤¤¾cl ­f±l¡¢ZL L¡¢q¢el Aha¡lZ¡ Ll¡ q­u­Rz
ciÑ¡ha£l l¡S¡ cnLlZ HL¢ce h¡ZfË­ÙÛ k¡h¡l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢e­mez h¡ZfË­ÙÛ k¡h¡l hup ay¡l
qu¢ez a¡C hªÜ j¿»£, djÑ‘ j¡ä¥L a¡­L h¡d¡ c¡e Ll­a Q¡C­mez ¢L¿¹¥ cnlb öe­me e¡z
Ah­n­o h¡Cn hRl hup£ f¤­œl q¡­a l¡SÉi¡l AfÑZ L­l l¡SÉ aÉ¡N Ll­me ¢a¢ez p­‰
¢e­me HL¢V e¡¢ahªqv b¢mz a¡lfl Ni£l Al­ZÉ fË­hn Ll­mez cnLlZ HL¢V N¡­Rl
am¡u h­p HL¡¿¹xLl­Z hËþ¡l Bl¡de¡ Ll­a m¡N­mez ¢ae¢ce ¢ael¡a f­l a¡­L hËþ¡
cnÑe ¢c­mez hËþ¡ a¡­L hl Q¡C­a hm­m cnLlZ a¡­L hm­me : ""Bj¡l fË­aÉL
C¾cÊ£u cn…Z L­l ¢cez AbÑ¡v ¢hwn¢a Qr¥, ¢hwn¢a LZÑ, cn e¡n¡, cn ¢SqÄ¡, cn…Z
37
¢hÙ¹«a aÆLz'' hËþ¡l h­l ¢a¢e a¡C ­f­mez HL hRl fl i­š²l X¡­L p¡s¡ ¢c­u
Bh¡l hËþ¡ H­mez cnLlZ S¡e¡­me ­k a¡l AhÙÛ¡ M¤h M¡l¡fz Bl HC cn…Z C¢¾cÊu
¢e­u ­p ­j¡­VC p¤¤M£ euz hËþ¡ a¡­L Bh¡l hl Q¡C­a hm­mez cnLlZ S¡e¡­me :

136
 ""Bj¡l HLV¡ jeC ­N¡m­k¡­Nl L¡lZz HMe L«f¡ L­l cn¢V je ¢ce, a¡­a
fËaɉ…¢m SV f¡L¡­h e¡, Bm¡c¡ Bm¡c¡ j­el ­M¡­f b¡L­hz''38 hËþ¡l h­l cnLlZ
a¡C ­f­mez Bh¡l HL hvpl fl cnLl­Zl X¡­L hËþ¡ q¡¢Slz cnLlZ hm­me,
""cnV¡ j­e B­l¡ ­N¡m­k¡N ­h­s­Rz kaC ­Qø¡ L¢l j­e qu ¢iæ ¢iæ ­m¡L ­i¡N
Ll­Rz''39 a¡C Hh¡l cnLlZ a¡­L f§hÑ¡hÙÛ¡u ¢g¢l­u ¢c­a hm­mez a¡lJ fl fy¡Q hRl
­L­V ­N­Rz cnLl­Zl ­L¡e Mhl hËþ¡ f¡e e¡z qW¡v hËþ¡l HL¢ce cnLlZ­L j­e
fsmz hËþ¡ ­cM­me ­k cnLlZ ¢ea¡¿¹C p¡d¡lZ q­u ­N­Rez f¢lnËj L­l, ­m¡­Ll
EfL¡l L­l ­p ¢ce¡¢af¡a Ll­Rz cnLlZ pq¡­pÉ hËþ¡­L S¡e¡­me :
""HMe B¢j cnLlZ eC ­L¡¢VLlZ; a¡lJ HL£LlZ q­u ­N­Rz ­N¡Rh¡d¡
cnV¡ S£­hl clL¡l ¢L, ­cM¢Q ka S£h B­R p­h ¢j­m B¢j, HMe ­i¡­Nl
Cuš¡ ­eCz i¡l£ p¤¤¢hd¡ q­u­R, pL­ml p¤¤M-c¤xM fªbL L­lJ h¤T­a f¡¢l,
HL­œJ h¤T­a f¡¢lz''40

Hh¡­l cnLlZ hËþ¡l L¡­R j¤¢š²l på¡e Q¡C­mez hËþ¡ hm­me : ""B­l j¤¢š²l fb ¢L
HLV¡? ­a¡j¡l l¡Sh¤¢Ü ­a¡j¡­L j¤¢š²l l¡Sj¡NÑ ­c¢M­u­Rz''41―HC h­m hËþ¡ A¿¹Ñ¢qa
q­mez h¢ˆjQ¾cÊ "Bj¡l je' fËh­å kb¡bÑ p¤¤­Ml ül©f på¡e L­l¢R­mez Ljm¡L¡¿¹l©f£
h¢ˆj e¡e¡ ÙÛ¡­e O¤­l ­n­o ¢pÜ¡­¿¹ Efe£a q­u­Re ­k ""f­ll SeÉ BaÈ¢hpSÑe ¢iæ
fª¢bh£­a ÙÛ¡u£ p¤¤­Ml AeÉ ­L¡e j§mÉ e¡Cz'' "cnLl­Zl h¡ZfËÙÛ' N­ÒfJ l¡S¡ cnlb e¡e¡
fl£r¡ ¢el£r¡l fl ¢pÜ¡­¿¹ Efe£a q­u­Re ­k f­l¡fL¡lC kb¡bÑ p¤¤Mz ¢a¢e HC p¤¤­Ml
på¡­e l¡S¢pwq¡pe ­R­s h¡ZfË­ÙÛ Nje L­l­Re, hËÇj¡l h­l ¢e­Sl fË­aÉL C¢¾cÊu­L
cn…Z L­l ¢e­u­Rez ¢L¿¹¥ ­L¡b¡J p¤¤­Ml på¡e f¡e¢ez Ah­n­o f­ll Ol ­R­u ­cJu¡l
j­dÉC ¢a¢e fËL«a p¤­¤ Ml på¡e ­f­u­Rez pjÙ¹ fl£r¡ ¢el£r¡l fl hËÇj¡l L¡­R a¡l Øfø
ü£L¡­l¡¢š² :
""M¤h i¡­m¡ B¢R fËi¥z HC Nª­ql ü¡j£ Ap¤¤Ù,Û AeÉ f¤l¦o ­eCz hoÑ¡J Bpæ, a¡C
B¢jC O­ll Q¡mV¡ ­jl¡ja L­l ¢c¢µRz''

"p¤¤M q­µR ?'

f¢lnËj q­µR, AiÉp ­eC ¢Le¡z p¤¤M£ q­h HC ­N¡f cÇf¢az'

"HM¡­eC b¡L¡ qu h¤¢T?'

137
 "e¡, NË¡­jl f¡Ë­¿¹ b¡¢L, a­h L¡­Sl SeÉ e¡e¡ ÙÛ¡­e O¤­l
42
­hs¡­a quz''

"a«a£u cɨapi¡' N­Òf l¡Se£¢al A¿¹l¡­m ­k fËa¡lZ¡ m¤¢L­u b¡­L a¡­L hɉ
Ll¡ q­u­R HL¢V ­f±l¡¢ZL Ef¡MÉ¡­el jdÉ ¢c­uz Bd¤¢eL k¤­Nl l¡Se£¢al LfVa¡C HC
N­Òfl B­m¡QÉz e¡l¡uZ N­‰¡f¡dÉ¡u HC NÒf¢V fËp­‰ h­m­Re :
""¢hwn naL£u l¡Se£¢aC HC N­Òfl B­m¡QÉ Hhw plma¡, p¡d¤a¡ J eÉ¡u¢eù¡
­k H-k¤­N HL¡¿¹i¡­h ¢e­hÑ¡­dl EfS£hÉ, N­Òfl cªt¢feÜ p¤¤a£rÁ ¢heÉ¡­pl jdÉ
¢c­u ­p ašÄ¢VC Ef¢ÙÛa Ll¡ q­u­Rz''43
jq¡i¡l­a E¢õ¢Ma L¥l¦-f¡ä­hl j­dÉ Ae¤¢ùa cɨapi¡­L HM¡­e ¢hou ¢q­p­h ­h­R
¢e­u­Re flöl¡jz AhnÉ N­Òf ­k cɨapi¡l B­u¡Se Ll¡ q­u­R jq¡i¡l­a a¡l E­õM
­eCz HC cɨapi¡ flöl¡­jl üL­f¡mL¢Òfaz HC cɨapi¡l B­N c¤ c¤h¡l Ae¤¢ùa f¡n¡
­Mm¡u f¡äh fr fl¡¢Sa q­mJ Hh¡l ¢L¿¹¥ gm¡gm E­ÒV¡ qmz f¡ähfr Su m¡i
Ll­m¡z HC Apñh p¡de pñh qm nL¥¢el °hj¡­œu i¡C jvL¥¢el à¡l¡z jvL¥¢e ¢e¢jÑa
j¿»n¢š²k¤š² A­rl à¡l¡ Hl B­N nL¥¢e k¤¢d¢øl­L fl¡¢Sa L­l­Rz ¢L¿¹¥ Hh¡l jvL¥¢e
BlJ rja¡pÇfæ j¿»n¢š²k¤š² Ar k¤¢d¢øl­L ¢c­u­Rz HC A­rl p¡q¡­kÉ k¤¢d¢øl M¤h
pq­SC nL¥¢e­L fl¡¢Sa L­l­Rz ¢L¿¹¥ nL¥¢e fl¡¢Sa qJu¡l fl k¡ OVm a¡ ¢hf¢š
h¡d¡h¡l f­r k­bøz pi¡ÙÛ pL­m p¢hØj­u ­cM­me k¤¢d¢ø­ll f¢aa f¡n¡ d£­l d£­l
m¡¢g­u m¡¢g­u nL¥¢el f¡n¡l ¢c­L ANËpl q­µRz aMe pi¡l pi¡f¢a hml¡j c¤f­rlC
Ar ­i­‰ ­cM­mez ­cM¡ ­Nm nL¥¢el f¡n¡ ­b­L HL¢V O¤lO¤­l ­f¡L¡ h¡l q­u ¢eSÑ£hv
q­u d£­l d£­l c¡s¡ e¡s­a m¡N­m¡z Bl k¤¢d¢øl­L S¡e¡­m¡, ""djÑl¡S, Bfe¡l L¥ã¡l
¢LR¥j¡œ L¡lZ ­eC, L¨V f¡n­Ll hÉhq¡l cɨa ¢h¢dpÇjaz''44 haÑj¡e pj­ul l¡Se£¢a
B­l¡ A­eL ­hn£ fËa¡lZ¡f§ZÑ h­mC flöl¡­jl ¢hnÄ¡pz a¡C a¡l LV¡rk¤š² j¿¹hÉ :
""haÑj¡e °h‘¡¢eL k¤­N fËa¡lZ¡l ­kph Ef¡u Eá¡¢ha q­u­R a¡l a¥me¡u nL¥¢e-
k¤¢d¢ø­ll fn¡­Mm¡ ­R­m­Mm¡ j¡œz''45

"i£jN£a¡' N­Òfl BL¡­l ¢m¢Ma fËhåz L¥l¦­rœ k¤­Ül pju L«o· J i£­jl
L­b¡fLbe HC NÒf¢Vl ¢houz c¤S­eC a¡­cl ü£u hš²hÉ a­LÑl j¡dÉ­j fË¢a¢ùa Ll­a
Q¡ez L«­o·l c¤C f¢lQ¡lL ­Q¡Ljõ J ­a¡‚jõ B¢s­f­a HC L­b¡fLbe öe¢Rmz a¡l¡
¢ea¡¿¹ p¡d¡lZ J c¤hÑm hÉ¢š²z a¡­cl ¢pÜ¡¿¹ HC ­k : ""c¤hÑ­ml HLj¡œ Ef¡u ­S¡V hy¡d¡z
­h¡ma¡l Ty¡L h¡O ¢pw¢O­LJ Së Ll­a f¡­lz''46
138
 "il­al T¥jT¥¢j' N­Òf ­f±l¡¢ZL ¢hou­L Bd¤¢eL a¡vf­kÑ fË¢a¢ùa Ll¡ q­u­Rz
N­Òfl ­L¾cÊ£u Q¢lœ jq¡j¤¢Z c¤hÑ¡p¡z a­h ­k c¤hÑ¡p¡ f¤l¡­Z jq¡­œ²¡d£ j¤¢e ¢q­p­h f¢l¢Qa,
k¡l A¢in¡­fl i­u pL­mC pc¡ p¿»Ù¹ b¡La Bd¤¢eL L¡­m c¤hÑ¡p¡l Bl ­pC ­aS ­eC,
­p ¢e­SC HMe A¢inçz ¢a¢e ­jeL¡­L fË¢anË¥¢a ¢c­u­Re ­k a¡l (­jeL¡l) ­cJu¡
T¥jT¥¢j¢V nL¥¿¹m¡l f¤œ ila­L ­fy±­R ­c­hez ¢L¿¹¥ ­pC T¥jT¥¢j¢V q¡¢l­u k¡Ju¡u c¤hÑ¡p¡
ay¡l fË¢anË¥¢a lr¡ Ll­a f¡­le¢ez a¡lfl q¡S¡l q¡S¡l hRl ­L­V ­N­R, ¢L¿¹¥ ­pC
T¥jT¥¢j¢V ¢a¢e My¥­S f¡e¢e, fË¢anË¥¢aJ lr¡ Ll­a f¡­le¢ez Ah­n­o Bd¤¢eL L¡­m h­p
HL¢V h¡mL ay¡l ­f¡o¡ Cyc¤l R¡e¡ M¤yS­a ¢N­u c¤hÑ¡p¡l cy¡¢sl ¢ial ­b­L EÜ¡l Llm
­pC T¥jT¥¢j¢V :

""f¤¢me cy¡¢sl e£­Ql Ty¥¢VV¡ HLh¡l ¢V­f ­cM­m, a¡lfl ­N­l¡ M¤m­a
m¡Nmz c¤hÑ¡p¡ hm­me, B­l m¡­N m¡­N! ­L ay¡l Lb¡ ­n¡­e, B¢j ay¡l j¡b¡¢V
­S¡l L­l d­l lCm¤j, f¤¢me fsfs L­l c¡¢s ¢R­s ¢ial ­b­L T¥jT¥¢j h¡l
Ll­mz ­p¡e¡l ¢L l©­f¡l ¢L ¢V­el ­h¡T¡ ­N­m¡ e¡, jum¡u L¡­m¡ q­u ­N­R,
¢L¿¹¥ h¡S­R ¢WLz''47

―HC L¡¢q¢ep§­œC AaÉ¿¹ ­L±n­m flöl¡j haÑj¡e pj­ul l¡Se£¢a¢hc, ­cni¡­Nl pjpÉ¡
fËi«¢a­L LV¡r L­l­Rez HMe pL­mC Q¡u j¿»£ q­a L¡lZ pL­mC S¡­e HLh¡l j¿»£
q­m p¡l¡S£h­el i¡he¡ Bl a¡­L i¡h­a q­h e¡z HC pqS paÉ¢V L¡­l¡ L¡­R Bl
AS¡e¡ euz a¡C c¤hÑ¡p¡ f¤¢me­L l¡S¡ qJu¡l Bn£hÑ¡c ¢c­a Q¡C­m fÒV¥ a¡l q­u h­m­R:

""J Bn£hÑ¡c Bl gmh¡l Ef¡u ­eC fËi¥, l¡S¡V¡S¡ ­m¡f ­f­u­Rz hlw
HC Bn£hÑ¡c Ll¦e ­ke J j¿»£ q­a f¡­l, A¿¹a fy¡Q hR­ll SeÉz''48

flöl¡j NÒf¢V lQe¡ L­l­Re 1951 MË£xz AbÑ¡v i¡la ¢hi¡N aMe q­u ­N­Rz
SeÈ ¢e­u­R c¤¢V Bm¡c¡ ü¡d£e l¡øÊ―i¡la J f¡¢LÙÛ¡ez HC i¡la ¢hi¡­Nl jdÉ ¢c­u
Cw­lSl¡ p¤¤­L±n­m ­ki¡­h c¤¢V ­cn­L Qlj l¡S°e¢aL pwL­Vl j¤­M ­W­m ¢c­u­R
flöl¡j a¡lJ ül©f EcÚO¡Ve L­l­Re H N­Òf HL¢V pwm¡­fl jdÉ ¢c­u :
""il­al l¡SÉ HMe c¤i¡N q­u­R, hs¢V i¡la£u NZl¡SÉ, ­R¡V¢V
Cpm¡j£u f¡¢LÙÛ¡ez

―HLSe Qœ²haÑ£ l¡S¡ B­Re ­a¡ ?

139
 ―HMe Bl ­eC, c¤C l¡­SÉ c¤C l¡øÊf¢a hq¡m q­u­Re, HLSe ¢cõ£­a
Bl HLSe Ll¡Q£­a b¡­Lez BCe Ae¤p¡­l Hl¡C il­al ÙÛm¡¢i¢oš²z p¤¤al¡w
T¥jT¥¢j¢V Hy­clC qL f¡Je¡z ¢L¿¹¥ ­c­he L¡­L? HLSe­L ¢c­m B­lLSe
CE.He.J-­a e¡¢mn Ll­he, e¡ qu O¤¢o h¡¢N­u hm­he, ms­L ­mw­N T¥jT¥j¡z
c¤hÑ¡p¡ rZL¡m dÉ¡e jNÀ q­u lC­mez a¡lfl jV L­l T¥jT¥¢j¢V ­i­‰ hm­me,
HLSe­L ­ch HC ­M¡mV¡ k¡­a f¡bl L¥¢Q B­R, e¡s­m Lsljsl L­lz Bl
HLSe­L ­ch HC Xy¡¢VV¡, gy¥ ¢c­m ¢fy ¢fy L­lz''49

pj¡­m¡QL p¤¤­h¡dQ¾cÊ ­pe…ç H N­Òfl B­lL¢V l©fL hÉ”e¡l Lb¡ h­m­Re

a¡ k­bø a¡vfkÑf§ZÑ :

""k¤N k¤N f­l c¤hÑ¡p¡ kMe j£j¡wp¡u fqy¥¢R­me aMe ila hý¢ce ¢hNa
qCu¡­Re Hhw eÉ¡u ¢hQ¡l L¢l­a k¡Cu¡ ay¡q¡­L ­Mme¡¢V­LC i¡¢‰­a qCm,
T¥jT¥¢j Bl T¥jT¥j L¢l­h e¡z Cw­lSl¡S i¡lahoÑ ¢àM¢äa L¢lu¡ Q¢mu¡
¢Nu¡­Re ¢L¿¹¥ l¡¢Mu¡ ¢Nu¡­Re ay¡q¡l BCe-pñ¡l k¡q¡ ¢hf¤m, hÉ¡fL S¢Vm Hhw
L¡mru£z HC BC­el c¢mm cÙ¹¡­hS e¢S­ll fË¡h­mÉ Hhw BCe hÉhp¡u£­cl
­L±n­m j¡jm¡ Blñ qu h­V, ¢L¿¹¥ kMe a¡q¡l ¢eØf¢š qu, k¢c LMeJ
¢eØf¢š quC, aMe ­cM¡ k¡u h¡c£ J ¢hh¡c£l¡ hýL¡m A¿¹¢qÑa qCu¡­Re Hhw
­k pÇf¢š mCu¡ j¡jm¡ Blñ qCu¡¢Rm a¡q¡ p§rÈ eÉ¡u ¢hQ¡­ll g­m ­jeL¡
fËcš T¥jT¥¢jl AhÙÛ¡ fË¡ç qCu¡ ¢Nu¡­Rz''50

"kk¡¢al kl¡' N­Òf °hl¡NÉ p¡d­el iä¡¢j­L hɉ Ll¡ q­u­Rz f¤l¡Z L¡¢q¢e
­b­L S¡e¡ k¡u ­k l¡S¡ kk¡¢al fËbj¡ faÀ£ ¢R­me ­chk¡e£, öœ²¡Q¡­kÑl LeÉ¡z kk¡¢al
¢ae f¤œ, f¤l¦ L¢eùz n¢jÑù¡­L kk¡¢a m¤¢L­u ¢hh¡q L­l¢R­me, a¡ S¡e­a ­f­l ­chk¡e£
œ²¥Ü q­u ay¡l ¢fa¡l BnË­j Q­m k¡ez öœ²¡Q¡­kÑl n¡­f kk¡¢a AL¡­mC o¡V hvp­ll
hª­Ül a¥mÉ Sl¡NËÙÛ q­u e¡l£ p­ñ¡­N Arj q­u ¢R­mez OVe¡Q­œ² f¤œ f¤l¦ ¢fa¡­L ay¡l
¢hn hR­ll ­k±he fËc¡e L­l ¢fa¡l o¡V hR­ll Sl¡ NËqZ L­l¢R­mez

flöl¡­jl N­Òfl L¡¢q¢e Blñ q­u­R Eš² OVe¡l fy¢Qn hRl f­lz C¢aj­dÉ
¢fa¡ f¤œ Ei­ulC hup fy¢Qn hRl hª¢Ü ­f­u­Rz HC fy¢Qn hR­l l¡S¡ kk¡¢a œ²­j œ²­j
f’¡n¢V ¢hh¡q L­l ¢e­Sl ­k±he­L L¡e¡u L¡e¡u pÇf¨ZÑ L­l ¢e­u­Rez ¢L¿¹¥ ¢e­Sl ­k±he

140
J f¤­œl ­k±he fl fl ­i¡N L­l ay¡l ­k±h­e Aa«¢ç H­p ­N­Rz a¡C f¤­œl L¡R ­b­L
¢e­Sl Sl¡ ¢g¢l­u ¢e­u f¤œ­L ay¡l ­k±he ¢g¢l­u ¢c­a Q¡e Hhw pwp¡l aÉ¡N L­l
heNj­el ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ­eez ¢L¿¹¥ Sl¡NËÙÛ qh¡l fl ­b­L f¤l¦ HC c£OÑ fy¢Qn hRl n¡Ù»f¡W,
­k¡NQQÑ¡ Bl BdÉ¡aÈ ¢Q¿¹¡u hÉÙ¹ ¢R­me, ¢hh¡qJ L­le¢ez a¡C HMe Bl ¢a¢e ¢fa¡l
L¡R ­b­L ­k±he ¢g­l ­f­a Q¡e e¡z H¢c­L kk¡¢aJ a¡l Sl¡ ¢g­l ­f­a j¢lu¡z a¡C
¢a¢e f¤­œl fl¡jnÑ ja h¡dÑ­LÉl p­‰ ­k±he ¢h¢ej­ul SeÉ ay¡l pwLÒf l¡­SÉl phÑœ
fËQ¡l L­l ¢c­mez ¢e¢cÑø ¢c­e fË¡u HLq¡S¡l Sl¡NËÙÛ hË¡þZ J r¢œu q¡¢Sl q­mez
a¡­cl ­LE ¢hLm¡‰, ­LE Aå h¡ ­l¡NNËÙÛz kk¡¢a Sl¡ NËqZ Ll­a fËÙ¹¥a ¢L¿¹¥ f‰¥aÆ h¡
AåaÆ NËqZ Ll­a l¡S£ eez a¡C pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡e qm e¡z Hje pju c¤C hªÜ HL
Ap¡j¡eÉ¡ l©fp£l q¡a d­l H¢N­u H­mez ­pC l©fp£l e¡j j­e¡ql¡z c¤Se hªÜC j­e¡ql¡l
f¡¢ZfË¡bÑ£z c¤S­eC Q¡e l¡S¡l ­k±he ¢g­l ­f­u a¡­L ¢hh¡q Ll­az HC l©f­k±heha£­L
­c­M l¡S¡J ay¡l pwLÒf i¥­m ­N­mez Bh¡l ay¡l ­k±he ­S­N EWmz ¢a¢e ¢e­SC
p¤¤¾cl£­L ¢hh¡q Ll­a Q¡C­mez pj­ha fËh£­Zl¡ °q °q L­l EW­me Hhw l¡S¡­L
A¢in¡­fl iu ­cM¡­mez pjpÉ¡ pj¡d¡­el SeÉ aMe f¤l¦l X¡L fsmz j­e¡ql¡­L ­c­M
Hhw a¡l p­‰ Bm¡f L­l f¤l¦ ay¡l fy¢Qn hR­ll ­j¡rm¡­il p¡de¡ Ae¡u¡­p ¢hpSÑe
¢c­u ¢e­SC j­e¡ql¡l f¡¢ZfË¡bÑ£ q­u hp­me Hhw kk¡¢al ­b­L ¢e­Sl ­k±he ¢g¢l­u
¢e­mez kk¡¢a ¢hs ¢hs L­l hm­a m¡N­me :
""¢R ¢R ¢R, HC k¢c Ll¢h a­h ­p¢ce Aje ­aS ­c¢M­u Bj¡l Lb¡u
e¡ hm¢m ­Le? Ha ­m¡­Ll p¡j­e d¡ø¡­j¡ Llh¡l ¢L clL¡l ¢Rm?''51

"il­al T¥jT¥¢j' N­Òf flöl¡j ­kje jq¡j¤¢e c¤hÑ¡p¡­L q¡¢pl ­M¡l¡L L­l
a¥­m­Re ­aj¢e G¢o ¢hnÄ¡¢jœ­L q¡¢pl ­M¡l¡L L­l a¥­m­Re ¢a¢e "LcÑj ­jMm¡' N­Òfz
flöl¡­jl E­ŸnÉ AhnÉC Bd¤¢eL j¡e¤oz G¢o ¢hnÄ¡¢jœ Q¢lœ Aˆ­el jdÉ ¢c­u flöl¡j
Apwkj£ Q¢lœïø Bd¤¢eL j¡e¤­ol fË¢a ¢akÑL cª¢ø ¢e­rf L­l­Rez

­f±l¡¢ZL G¢o ¢hnÄ¡¢jœ­L flöl¡j Q¨s¡¿¹ Apwkj£ Q¢lœ l©­f AˆZ L­l­Re ¢k¢e
pwkj q¡¢l­u afpÉ¡u Sm¡”m£ ¢c­u ­jeL¡l ­j¡¢qe£ j¡u¡u dl¡ ¢c­u­Rez Hhw ¢LR¥¢ce
­k­a e¡ ­k­aC NiÑha£ ­jeL¡­L a¡¢s­u ­ce HC h­m : ""f¡¢fù¡ c§l qJ HM¡e ­b­Lz
­a¡j¡l NiÑÙÛ f¡fJ c§l q­u k¡Lz''52 ¢e­Sl p¿¹¡­el Bl ­My¡SMhl ­eJu¡l fË­u¡Se
j­e e¡ L­l ¢a¢e f¤ehÑ¡l afpÉ¡u ¢ela q­mez Hlfl LZÄj¤¢Zl BnË­j LeÉ¡ nL¥¿¹m¡­L

141
­c­M Bh¡l üdjÑQɨa q­u LeÉ¡ ­pÀq ¢hN¢ma q­u T­s fsmz Hhw A¢h­hQ­Ll ja
nL¥¿¹m¡l f¡m¢uœ£ ­ch£ ­N±aj£­L ¢hh¡­ql fËÙ¹¡h ¢c­u ­N±aj£l à¡l¡ ivÑ¢pa q­mez
"qe¤j¡­el üfÀ' N­Òfl ¢hou qe¤j¡­el ¢hh¡q fËp‰z l¡j¡u­Z h¡ fË¡Q£e f¤l¡­Z
qe¤j¡­el e¡e¡ L¡¢q¢e b¡L­mJ a¡l ¢hh¡q fËp‰ ­L¡b¡J ­eCz flöl¡j B­m¡QÉ N­Òf
qe¤j¡­el ¢hh¡q fËp‰ hZÑe¡ L­l f¤l¡­Zl eh¢ejÑÑ¡Z O¢V­u­Rez qe¤j¡e Q¢l­œ BcÉ¿¹
f¤l¡­Zl °h¢nøÉ J ­jS¡S hS¡u ­l­M ­mML HL¡­ml ­f˱t J hªÜ j¡e¤­ol ¢hh¡q h¡pe¡l
fË¢a ¢akÑL cª¢ø ¢e­rf L­l­Rez Hl p­‰ k¤š² q­u­R ­fË¢jL ­fË¢jL¡l ­fËjS¢ea
pÇf­LÑl S¢Vma¡ Hhw HLSe f¤l¦­ol f­r HL h¡ HL¡¢dL faÀ£l f¡¢ZNËqZ pjpÉ¡ J
pwL­Vl h¡Ù¹h ¢Qœz pjNË ¢hou¢V­LC flöl¡j AaÉ¿¹ plpi¡­h f¢l­hne L­l­Re H
N­Òfz
"qe¤j¡­el üfÀ' N­Òfl ­L¾cÊ£u Q¢lœ qe¤j¡ez l¡jQ¾cÊ A­k¡dÉ¡l l¡Sf­c fË¢a¢ùa
q­m qe¤j¡e­LJ ­pM¡­e p¤¤­M ü¡µR­¾cÉ hph¡­pl hÉhÙÛ¡ L­l ­cez ¢L¿¹¥ L­uL¢ce f­l a¡l
j­dÉ i¡h¡¿¹l O­Vz A­eL ¢Q¢Lvp¡, A­eL k­‘l f­lJ a¡l i¡h¡¿¹l hcm¡u e¡z HL¢ce
p£a¡l L¡­R ­p a¡l i¡h¡¿¹­ll L¡lZ hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll­a ¢N­u h­m ­k ü­fÀ f§hÑf¤l¦o­cl Ae¿¹
r¥d¡i¡h ­c­M ­p AaÉ¿¹ ¢Q¢¿¹az ­k­qa¥ ­p ¢e­S A¢hh¡¢qa Hhw Af¤œL a¡C a¡l jªaÉ¥l
f­l f§hÑf¤l¦o­cl ¢fäc¡­el hÉ¡f¡­l ­p B­l¡ ¢Q¢¿¹a q­u f­lz aMe p£a¡l j¤¢š²­a ­p
HC hu­p ¢hh¡q Ll¡l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ­euz Hlfl qe¤j¡e flj¡p¤¤¾cl£ HL h¡el£l f¡¢Z NËqZ
Llh¡l SeÉ ¢L¢×LåÉ¡u Nje L­lz

¢L¢×LåÉ¡u k¡œ¡l f­b HL Afl¡­q² A­eL ¢N¢l, ec£, Sm¡i¨¢j A¢aœ²j L­l
qe¤j¡e ­fy±R¡u cäL¡l­ZÉz ­pM¡­e ­p a¥ð­c­nl A¢df¢a Qäl£­Ll L¡­R BnËu ­euz
Qäl£L Ù»£l p­‰ Lm­q h­e ­üµR¡ ¢ehÑ¡pe ¢e­u­Rz Qäl£­Ll L¡R ­b­L ­p S¡e­a f¡­l
­k ""HL i¡kÑ¡ A­no Ae­bÑl j§mz''53 Hlf­l a¡l p­‰ ­cM¡ qu NªqaÉ¡N£ ­m¡jn
j¤¢Zlz ­m¡jn j¤¢Zl HLn faÀ£z ¢L¿¹¥ ¢a¢e Nª­q ¢gl­a A¢eµR¥L L¡lZ a¡l HLn Ù»£
flØf­ll j­dÉ phÑc¡ Lmq L­lz c¤S­el L¡­R c¤lLj A¢i‘a¡ m¡i L­l ­pC l¡­aC
qe¤j¡e ¢L¢×LåÉ¡u Q­m B­pz ­pM¡­e p¤¤NË£­hl p­‰ ­cM¡ q­m p¤¤N£Ë h S¡e¡u ­k ­p ¢e­S
M¤hC p¤¤M£ ay¡l A­ø¡šl pqpË i¡kÑ¡­cl ¢e­uz a¡l¡ p¤¤NË£h­L hÉ¢ahÉÙ¹ Ll­a f¡­l e¡, L¡lZ
p¤¤NË£h a¡­cl fË­aÉ­Ll j¤­M Lcm£hóm ¢c­u ­Wy¡V ­hy­d l¡­Mz öd¤ ­fËj¡m¡­fl pju a¡
M¤­m ­cuz p¤N¤ Ë£h fËb­j qe¤j¡e­L fËÙ¹¡h ­cu a¡l phÑ¡­fr¡ fËh£Z¡ Ù»£ AaÉ¿¹ ­ph¡fl¡uZ
nË£ja£ a¡l¡­ch£­L ¢hh¡q Ll­az a¡­L p¤¤NË£­hl fË­u¡Se ­eC Bl hªÜ qe¤j¡­el p­‰
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fËÙ¹¡h ­p e¡LQ L­l ­cuz aMe p¤¤NË£h a¡­L ¢LµQV fË­c­nl üNÑa A¢df¢a fÔhwN­jl
c¤¢qa¡, l¡SÉn¡p­e A¢i‘¡, m¡hZÉju£, ¢hc§o£ J Qa¥l¡ HLj¡œ c¤¢qa¡, h¡el£ ¢Q¢mÇf¡l
L¡­R ­k­a h­mz HL pj­u ­fËj ¢e­hce Ll­a ¢N­u p¤¤NË£­hl B‰¥­ml ¢LR¥ Awn a¡l
L¡­R q¡l¡­a qu h­m HC h¡el£l Efl a¡l ­m¡i J B­œ²¡n c¤CC haÑj¡ez p¤¤NË£­hl
fl¡jnÑ ja qe¤j¡e ¢Q¢mÇf¡­L ­fËj ¢e­hce Ll­m ¢Q¢mÇf¡ qe¤j¡e­L e¡e¡ fËnÀ L­l
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qe¤j¡e fËi”e­L ØjlZ L­l ¢Q¢mÇf¡l Q¥m d­l BL¡­nl ¢c­L m¡g ­cuz ¢Q¢mÇf¡­L
¢L¢×LåÉ¡u ­R­s ¢c­u qe¤j¡e HL¡L£ A­k¡dÉ¡u fË­hn L­lz Hhw p£a¡l L¡­R hl fË¡bÑe¡
L­l k¡­a ­p p£a¡ J l¡­jl fË¢a i¢š² ¢hejË ¢Q­š Ajl q­u f§hÑ f¤l¦o­cl SeÉ
¢QlL¡­ml SeÉ ¢fa«N­Zl ¢f­ä¡cL ¢hd¡e Ll­a f¡­lz ¢Q¢mÇf¡l ­Ln d­l BL¡­n Js¡l
pju qe¤j¡­el p­‰ ¢Q¢mÇf¡l pwm¡f ¢h¢eju AwnV¥L¥ HM¡­e E­õM Ll¡ ­k­a f¡­l :
""¢Q¢mÇf¡ L¡al L­ã L¢q­me―"­q jq¡h£l, Bj¡l ­Ln R¡¢su¡ c¡J, hsC
m¡¢N­a­Rz hlw Bj¡­L fª­ù mJ ea¥h¡ h­r d¡lZ Llz'
qe¤j¡e h¢m­me―"­Q¡f'!

¢Q¢mÇf¡ h¢m­me―"­q fË¡Zhõi, B¢j HL¡¿¹ ­a¡j¡lCz

­q Al¢pL, a¥¢j ¢L f¢lq¡p h¤¢T­a f¡l e¡C? B¢j ­k ­a¡j¡ hC Bl L¡q¡­LJ

S¡¢e e¡z'

qe¤j¡e f¤el¢f h¢m­me―"­Q¡f'''54

―jq¡h£l qe¤j¡e h¡el£ ¢Q¢mÇf¡­L qlZ L­l­R ¢WLC ¢L¿¹¥ a¡l p­‰ pwp¡l Ll­a iu
­f­u­Rz L¡lZ ­p S¡­e a¡l h£laÆ pwp¡­ll ­r­œ H­Lh¡­lC ­L¡e L¡­S m¡N­h e¡z
Ah­n­o AjlaÆm¡i Ll¡l j­dÉC qe¤j¡e a¡l pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡e Ll­a ­Q­u­Rz
HR¡s¡ flöl¡­jl BlJ L­uL¢V NÒf B­R ­kM¡­e f¤l¡­Zl Ae¤o‰ H­p­Rz HC
NÒf…¢ml j­dÉ E­õM­k¡NÉ "¢ae ¢hd¡a¡', "Nåj¡ce °hWL', "f’fË£u¡ f¡’¡m£', "­lha£l
fa£m¡i', "Øj«¢aLb¡', "¢e­j¡ÑLeªaÉ' CaÉ¡¢c NÒfz H NÒf…¢ml j§m ¢ho­ul p­‰
q¡pÉl­pl ­L¡e pÇfLÑ ­eCz a­h j¡­T j¡­T pwm¡f J Q¢l­œl Ap‰¢aj§mL
¢œ²u¡Lm¡­fl j¡dÉ­j HC NÒf…¢m plp q­u E­W­Rz

143
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l‰hÉ­‰l ¢nÒf£ ¢q­p­h l¡S­nM­ll j§m E­ŸnÉ ¢Rm pj¡S pj¡­m¡Qe¡z q¡¢pl j¡m¡
Ny¡b­a Ny¡b­a pj¡­Sl e¡e¡ Ap‰¢a…¢m­L ¢a¢e LV¡rh¡­Z ¢hÜ L­l­Rez H­r­œ ay¡l
pq¡uL q­u­R S£h­el e¡e¡ fËaÉr A¢i‘a¡z DnÄl…ç ¢m­M¢R­me :
"La i‰ H h‰ ah¤ l­‰ il¡'

h­‰l HC l‰­L l¡S­nMl kb¡bÑ BaÈÙÛ Ll­a ­f­l¢R­mez a¡C iä ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhp¡u£,
BCe hÉhp¡u£, djÑ hÉhp¡u£ ay¡l N­Òf M¤h pqSi¡­hC ÙÛ¡e m¡i L­l­Rz ­Q¡l¡L¡lh¡l,
­S¡µQ¥¢l, c¤eÑ£¢a, h¡‰¡m£ Q¢l­œl n§eÉNiÑ BØg¡me fËi«¢a ¢hou…¢m­L ¢a¢e N­Òfl
¢hou£i¨a L­l­Rez a­h ­hn£li¡N ­r­œ ay¡l cª¢ø ¢Rm hœ²z l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l fËbj NÒf
"nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX' NÒf¢V fËL¡¢na q­u¢Rm 1922 MË£xz C¢aj­dÉ fËbj ¢hnÄk¤Ü O­V
­N­Rz aMe LmL¡a¡l ­nu¡l h¡S¡l M¤h SjSj¡Vz C¢aq¡­pl abÉ Ae¤p¡­l ­nu¡l h¡S¡l
Cw­l­SlC pª¢øz Hhw i¡lah­oÑ Cw­lS l¡SaÆ fË¢aù¡ qh¡l ¢LR¥¢c­el j­dÉC ­nu¡l h¡S¡l
N­s E­Wz ­nu¡l h¡S¡l Hje HL¢V S¡uN¡ ­kM¡­e ¢he¡ f¢lnË­j AÒf¢c­el j­dÉ A¢dL
m¡­il pñ¡he¡ b¡­Lz AhnÉ r¢alJ pñ¡he¡ pj§qz ­nu¡l h¡S¡­l fËQ¥l V¡L¡ fup¡ r¢a
L­l phÑn¡¿¹ qJu¡l cªø¡¿¹ pj¡­S fËQ¥l f¡Ju¡ k¡uz HC ­nu¡l hÉhp¡l e¡­j Q­m Ap¡d¤
hÉhp¡l L¡lh¡lJz Bl HV¡ ­a¡ BlJ iuwLlz l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX'
N­Òf ­nu¡l hÉhp¡l A¿¹l¡­m ­k Ap¡d¤ S¥u¡Q¥l£ L¡lh¡l Q­m a¡l Efl a£rÁ hɉh¡Z
¢e­rf L­l­Rez Hl p­‰ k¤š² L­l­Re d­jÑl e¡­j iä¡¢j­Lz
"nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX' N­Òfl e¡uL nË£ nÉ¡j¡e¾c hËÇjQ¡l£z ¢a¢e e¡e¡lLj
L¡lh¡l L­lJ ¢h­no p¤¤¢hd¡ Ll­a f¡­le¢ez a¡C pÇfË¢a hËÇjQ¡l£-BÉä-hË¡c¡l-Ce-m e¡­j
HL¢V B¢fp fË¢aù¡ L­l­Rez E­ŸnÉ "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX' ­L¡Çf¡e£l e¡­j h¡S¡­l
fËQ¥l ­nu¡l R¡s¡ Hhw ­nu¡l ­q¡ô¡l ­k¡N¡l Ll¡z nÉ¡jh¡h¤ i¡lah­oÑl ¢hMÉ¡a ­ch
j¢¾cl…¢ml ¢hf¤m Bu pÇf­LÑ ­My¡S Mhl l¡­Mez a¡C M¤h pq­SC nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ­ch£l e¡­j
j¢¾cl ¢ejÑ¡Z Ll¡ k¡­h h­m ¢a¢e pLm­L ­h¡T¡­a prj q­mez ay¡l ¢q­ph Ae¤k¡u£ :
""h‰­c­nl HL¢V ­ch j¢¾c­ll °c¢eL k¡¢œpwMÉ¡ N­s 15 q¡S¡lz k¢c
­m¡L¢fR¥ Q¡lBe¡ j¡œ Bu dl¡ k¡u, a¡q¡ qC­m h¡vp¢lL Bu fË¡u p¡­s ­al
mr V¡L¡ cy¡s¡uz''55

144
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ja pj¡­Sl d§aÑ hÉhp¡u£l¡z ¢aeL¢sh¡h¤l ja ¢lV¡u¡XÑ ­Xf¤¢V­LJ e¡e¡ ­m¡i ­c¢M­u
­L¡Çf¡e£l ¢X­lƒl ¢q­p­h ¢ek¤š² Ll­mez ¢LR¥¢c­el j­dÉ ¢h‘¡f­el ­S¡­l Hhw fË¢aù¡a¡
pcpÉ­cl ­Qø¡u pjÙ¹ ­nu¡lC ¢h¢m q­u ­Nmz ­nu¡­ll Q¡¢qc¡ HaV¡C ­k ­m¡­L h¡S¡l
­b­L Qs¡ c¡­j ­nu¡l ¢Le­a b¡­Lz Hl g­m ¢LR¥¢c­el j­dÉC ­L¡Çf¡e£­a hs A­ˆl
HLV¡ V¡L¡ Sj¡ f­sz ­L¡Çf¡e£l fËd¡e nÉ¡jh¡h¤J A¢Q­lC a¡l E­ŸnÉ ¢p¢Ü L­lz fËQ¥l
V¡L¡ ­p L¡¢j­u ­euz Hhw ph­n­o ¢aeL¢sh¡h¤­L ­L¡Çf¡e£ Q¡m¡h¡l i¡l AfÑZ L­l
nÉ¡jh¡h¤ p­l f­s Hhw ­L¡Çf¡e£ X¥­h k¡uz

"nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX' NÒf¢V f­s lh£¾cÊe¡­bl j­e q­u¢Rm hCM¡¢e "Q¢lœ

¢Qœn¡m¡'z H ¢ho­u ­L¡e p­¾cq ­eC ­k NÒf¢Vl j§m BLoÑZ H N­Òfl Q¢lœ…¢mz nW
nÉ¡j¡e¾c hËÇjQ¡l£l nÉ¡mL ¢h¢fe, p­cÉ¡S¡a AÉ¡VZÑ£ AVmh¡h¤, AbÑ­m¡i£ AbQ L«fZ
¢lV¡u¡l ­Xf¤¢V l¡up¡­qh ¢aeL¢s h¡s¥­SÉ H N­Òfl L¡¢q¢e­L l©f ¢c­u­­Rez Q¢lœ…¢m
nWa¡ Hhw d§aÑ¡j£­a ­ke H­L Afl­L R¡¢s­u ­N­Rz nÉ¡j¡e¾cl hup f’¡­nl L¡R¡L¡¢Rz
ay¡l N¡t nÉ¡jhZÑ, Ly¡Q¡-f¡L¡ c¡¢s, BLã m¢ða ­Ln ay¡l ­Qq¡l¡­L HL¢V ¢h­no j¡œ¡
c¡e L­l­Rz ay¡l AbÑ­m¡i p£j¡q£ez HC AbÑ­m¡i Q¢la¡bÑ Ll­a ¢a¢e BnËu ­ee
d¡è¡h¡S£lz H ­r­œ ay¡l pq¡u qu djÑz djÑ­L ¢i¢š L­lC ¢a¢e fË¢a¢ùa L­le
"nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX'-Hl ja ­m¡L WL¡­e¡ fË¢aù¡ez ­L¡Çf¡e£l A¢ieh fËp­fƒ¡p
°al£ L­l, Ù»£­L ¢e­Sl pÇf¢š c¡e L­l, ­nu¡l ¢h¢œ²l V¡L¡u j¢¾cl CaÉ¡¢c °al£ Ll¡l
f¢lLÒfe¡ gy¡­ce ¢a¢ez Hlfl pjÙ¹ V¡L¡ ­N¡f­e p¢l­u ­L¡Çf¡e£­L ­cE¢mu¡ L­l, ­n­o
Lb¡l j¡lfyÉ¡­Q X¥­h k¡Ju¡ ­L¡Çf¡e£­L A­eÉl Efl Q¡¢f­u ¢a¢e p­l f­sez

nÉ¡j¡e¾c Q¢lœ¢V flöl¡­jl HL BÕQkÑ pª¢øz ay¡l L¡SLjÑ Bf¡acª¢ø­a pqS

plmz ¢L¿¹¥ ­p ­Lhmj¡œ j¤­M¡nz j¤­M¡­nl A¿¹l¡­m phÑc¡C ¢œ²u¡n£m b¡­L WLh¡S£l
j¡dÉ­j ¢e­Sl B­Ml ­N¡R¡­e¡l j¡e¢pLa¡z ay¡l gy¡¢L ­cJu¡l Bd¤¢eL ­L±nm f¡WL­L
¢h¢Øja L­lz Q¢lœ¢V d­jÑl e¡­j pjp¡j¢uL pj¡­Sl iä¡¢j­L Bj¡­cl p¡j­e a¥­m d­lz

nÉ¡j¡e­¾cl jaC H N­Òfl B­lL¢V BLoÑZ£u Q¢lœ N­ä¢ll¡j h¡Vf¡¢lu¡z AVm

h­m­R, ""Bj¡­cl nÉ¡jc¡ J N­ä¢lc¡ ­ke j¡¢eL ­S¡s''z56 p¢aÉC a¡C, Ei­uC Apñh
d§aÑ Hhw d¡è¡h¡S, Ei­uC djÑdÆS£z d§aÑ¡j£­a N­ä¢ll¡j ¢exp­¾c­q nÉ¡j¡e­¾cl ­b­LJ
L­uL ¢XNË£ Jf­lz A­eÉl O¡­s h¾c¥L ­l­M a¡l ­j¡V¡ f¢lj¡e AbÑm¡­il ­L±nm J

145
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lh£¾cÊe¡b f¡­Wl Aq¢jL¡, Lb¡u Lb¡u lh£¾cÊe¡­bl "°hl¡NÉ p¡d­e j¤¢š² ­p Bj¡l eu'
fw¢š²l ¢hL«a EµQ¡lZ CaÉ¡¢cl j­dÉ ¢e¢qa B­R ­L±a¥Ll­pl Ag¥l¿¹ i¡ä¡lz h£­l¾cÊ cš
ay¡l "­R¡VNÒf fËp‰ J fËLlZ' NË­¿Û HC Q¢lœ¢V pÇf­LÑ h­m­Re :

""hÙ¹¥a N­ä¢ll ja Q¢lœ flöl¡­jl AehcÉ pª¢øz HC Q¢lœ cnÑ­e

flöl¡­jl ¢nÒf rja¡ Ae¿¹ j§­mÉl jkÑ¡c¡ f¡uz HLV¡ pÇf¨ZÑ h¡Ù¹h, Qa¥l ¢hn
naL£u h¤¢Ü ¢eiÑl, "LÉ¡mL¥­m¢Vi', h¡Q¡m, l¢pL, V¡L¡ fup¡l ¢q­ph ¢e­L­n
ü¡bÑfl, f¤­ZÉl j¡f¢hQ¡­l ­j¡V¡ Q¡jl¡l föl ja Q¢lœ h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ
c¤mÑiz''57

HR¡s¡J l­u­R l¡up¡­qh ¢aeL¢s h­¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡uz a¡l ­jS¡S q¡¢L­jl

ja q­mJ eSl AaÉ¿¹ e£Q¥z ¢a¢e Ahpl NËqZ L­l­Re ¢L¿¹¥ HM­e¡ ­Ma¡­hl BL¡´r¡
L­lez °ch hÉ¡f¡­l a¡l M¤h HLV¡ ¢hnÄ¡p e¡ b¡L­mJ ­Lhm m¡­il Bn¡u nÉ¡jh¡h¤l
­L¡Çf¡e£­a ­k¡N ¢c­u¢R­mez q¡¢L¢j ­jS¡S gm¡­a f¡l­m ¢a¢e ­hS¡u M¤n£ qe Bl
a¡C a¡­L ­L¡Çf¡e£l ¢X­lƒl fc ¢c­u ­L¡Çf¡e£l Awn£c¡l L­l ¢e­a nÉ¡jh¡h¤l M¤h­h¢n
­hN ­f­a qu¢e :

"" ¢aeL¢sh¡h¤ a¡j¡L V¡e¡l A¿¹l¡­m h¢m­a¢R­me :

""­cM¤e ü¡¢jS£, ¢q­p­hC q'm hÉhp¡l phz ­X¢hV ­œ²¢XV k¢c ¢WL
b¡­L, Bl hÉ¡m¡¾p k¢c ­j­m, a­h ­p ¢hS­e­pl ­L¡e iu ­eCz''

nÉ¡jh¡h¤z B­‘, kb¡bÑ Lb¡ h­m­Rez ­pC S­eÉC ­a¡ Bjl¡ Bfe¡­L
Q¡Cz Bfe¡­L Bjl¡ j­dÉ j­dÉ H­p ¢hlš² Llhz ¢q­ph pð­å fl¡jnÑ ­ehz

¢aeL¢sz ¢hmrZ, ¢hlš² qh ­Lez B¢j pjÙ¹ ¢qp¡h ¢WL L­l

­chz ¢j¢Vw…­m¡ HLV¥ Oe Oe Ll­hez e¡ qu ¢X­lƒl ¢g h¡hc ¢LR¥ ­hn£ MlQ
q­hz''58

Bp­m Oe Oe ¢j¢Vw ­X­L ¢X­lƒ­ll ¢g h¡hc ¢a¢e ¢LR¥ AbÑ f­LVÙÛ Ll­a
Q¡ez öd¤ a¡C eu H p§­œ ¢a¢e O¡­sl ­h¡T¡ nÉ¡j¢mL¡­L (­L?) ­L¡Çf¡e£­a Q¡Ll£l
hÉhÙÛ¡ L­l ¢c­a Q¡ez Hje¢L h¡¢sl f¤l¡­e¡ Ly¡p¡l O¾V¡ ­L¡Çf¡e£­L ¢h¢œ² L­lJ ¢a¢e

146
¢LR¥ Ef¡SÑe Ll­a Q¡ez HC qm p¤¤­k¡N på¡e£, AbÑ­m¡i£ ¢aeL¢sl °h¢nøÉz ¢L¿¹¥ Ha
¢q­p¢h ¢aeL¢s­LJ ­h¡L¡ q­u ­k­a qu nÉ¡j¡e­¾cl Qa¥la¡l L¡­Rz ¢X­lƒl ¢qp¡­h
j¡pj¡¢qe¡l ­m¡i, ­nu¡­ll V¡L¡l ­m¡i, üSe­f¡oZ CaÉ¡¢c ph¢LR¥C nÉ¡j¡e­¾cl ­L±n­m
­nofkÑ¿¹ ¢hg­m k¡uz ­L¡Çf¡e£ kMe ¢hnh¡J S­m aMeJ ¢a¢e j¡¢pL HLq¡S¡l V¡L¡l
­V¡f ¢N­m nÉ¡jh¡h¤l 1600 ­nu¡l ¢L­e Bl J 3200 V¡L¡l c¡u O¡­s ¢e­mez

¢aeL¢s Q¢lœ¢Vl j¡dÉ­j ­mML Cw­l­Sl Ad£­e L¡S Ll¡ H­cn£u q¡¢L­jl HL¢V
hɉ¢Qœ a¥­m d­l­Rez Cw­lS ­a¡o¡­j¡cC ¢Rm HS¡a£u plL¡l£ Bjm¡­cl ­k¡NÉa¡l
j¡fL¡¢Wz H pjÙ¹ Cw­lS ­a¡o¡­j¡cL¡l£ ­cn£u Bjm¡­cl ü­cnfË£¢a­LJ a£hË hɉ
L­l­Re flöl¡j ¢aeL¢s Q¢l­œl j¡dÉ­jz DnÄl…ç ¢m­M¢R­me :

""a¥¢j j¡ LÒfal¦ Bjl¡ ph ­f¡o¡ ­N¡l¦

¢n¢M¢e ¢nw hy¡L¡­e¡ ­Lhm M¡h ­M¡m-¢h¢Q¢m O¡pz
­ke l¡P¡ Bjm¡ a¥­m j¡jm¡z
N¡jm¡ i¡­P e¡
Bjl¡ i¥¢p ­f­mC M¤¢n qh Oy¥¢p ­M­m hy¡Qh e¡zz''59
Bl ¢aeL¢s ­L¡ôq¡j p¡­qh­L ¢m­M­Re :

""ýS¥l ­a¡jl¡ l¡S¡l S¡a, c¤-O¡ c¡J a¡J pqÉ quz ¢L¿¹¥ ­cn£ h¡‰¡m£l
m¡¢b pqÉ Llh e¡z''60

d­jÑl e¡­j iä¡¢j­L, L¥pwú¡l­L Abh¡ d­jÑl e¡­j j¡e¢hLa¡l Ahru­L

hɉ Ll¡ hɉp¡¢q­aÉl AeÉaj mrÉz i¡lah­oÑl ­r­œ HLb¡ ¢h­noi¡­h p¢aÉz L¡lZ
i¡lah­oÑl j¡e¤o djÑfË¡Zz HM¡eL¡l ph¢LR¥C d­jÑl à¡l¡ ¢eu¢¿»a Hje¢L l¡Se£¢aJz ¢L¿¹¥
jdÉk¤­N h­p djÑ­L hɉ Ll¡l p¡qp ¢Rm e¡ L¡lJz L¡lZ djÑ ­pM¡­e hÉ­‰l ¢hou eu
nËÜ¡l ¢hou ¢Rmz a¡C ­L¡e p¡¢q¢aÉLC djÑ­L hɉ L­l ¢LR¥ ­mM¡l p¡qp ­cM¡­a
f¡­le¢ez HLj¡œ hÉ¢aœ²j i¡laQ¾cÊz Bd¤¢eL k¤­Nl à¡lfË¡­¿¹ h­p ¢a¢e ay¡l "Aæc¡j‰m'
L¡­hÉ ­cha¡­cl iy¡s¡¢j­L ¢e­u hɉ Ll¡l p¡qp ­cM¡­mez Hlfl Fe¢hwn na¡ë£­a
H­p C¾cÊe¡b h­¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u (LÒfal¦), ­k¡­N¾cÊQ¾cÊ hp¤ (­es¡ q¢lc¡p) a£hËi¡­hC djÑ­L
¢e­u hɉ ¢hâ¨f Ll­mez flöl¡j H­clC p¡bÑL Ešlp§¢lz

147
 hÉ¢š²S£h­e l¡S­nMl djÑ ¢ho­u ¢R­me Ec¡lja¡mð£z d­jÑl h¡¢qÉL BQ¡l
Ae¤ù¡e ay¡l L¡­R ­pi¡­h j§mÉ f¡u¢ez "p¡¢q¢aÉ­Ll hËa' fËh­å l¡S­nMl djÑ ¢ho­u
ay¡l ¢eSü ja¡ja Øfø L­l­Rez ­pM¡­e ¢a¢e h­m­Re :
""d­jÑl AbÑ pj¡S¢qaLl ¢h¢d, djÑf¡m­el AbÑ p¡j¡¢SL LaÑhÉf¡mez HC djÑ­h¡d m¤ç
qJu¡u pj¡S hÉ¡¢dNËÙÛ q­u­R, ApwMÉ h£ivp mrZ pj¡S­c­q g¥­V E­W­Rz'61

"¢hm¡a£ MË£ø¡e J i¡la£u ¢q¾c¥' fËh­å ¢a¢e h­m­Re :

""ü¡j£, h¡h¡, W¡L¥l CaÉ¡¢c Ef¡¢dd¡l£ A­eL j¿»c¡a¡ …l¦l Eáh q­u­R,
Hy­cl ¢noÉJ ApwMÉz HC ¢noÉl¡ ­Lhm djÑ L¡je¡u h¡ f¡lj¡¢bÑL ‘¡em¡­il
SeÉ Abh¡ ­n¡Lc¤x­M p¡¿¹Æe¡l SeÉ …l¦hlZ L­le e¡; A­e­L ¢hnÄ¡p L­le ­k
ay¡­cl Q¡L¢ll Eæ¢a, i¡m S¡uN¡u hc¢m Hhw ­l¡­Nl ¢ehª¢šJ …l¦l A­m±¢LL
n¢š² h­m p¡¢da q­hz ph lLj p¡wp¡¢lL pwL­V ay¡l¡ …l¦l Efl ¢eiÑl L­l
b¡­Lez...H ­c­nl ¢n¢ra pj¡­Sl Aå¢hnÄ¡p ¢hm¡a£ ¢n¢ra pj¡­Sl a¥me¡u
A­eL ­hn£z''62

Bh¡l "S¡¢aQ¢lœ' fËh­åJ l­u­R djÑ ¢ho­u l¡S­nM­ll Øfø ja¡jaz HM¡­e ¢a¢e
h­m­Re :
""Bjl¡ f¡ÕQ¡šÉ ­c­nl ja ­en¡­M¡l eC, ¢L¿¹¥ HLV¡ fËhm j¡e¢pL j¡cL H
­c­nl Sep¡d¡lZ­L A¢ii¨a L­l ­l­M­R, ¢n¢ra pÇfËc¡uJ a¡l ­b­L j¤š²
euz Bjl¡ djÑfË¡Z S¡¢a h­m NhÑ L¢l, ¢L¿¹¥ Bj¡­cl d­jÑl AbÑ fËd¡ea h¡qÉ
Ae¤ù¡e, e¡e¡ lLj A­m±¢LL n¢š²­a ¢hnÄ¡p, Hhw i¢š²l QQÑ¡z AbÑ¡v f¤­l¡¢qa
j¡lga f§S¡, LhQ-j¡c¤¢m, Bl k¢c i¢š² b¡­L a­h Cø­c­hl
Bl¡de¡z...Bj¡­cl ­kV¥L¥ f¤l¦oL¡l B­R °c­hl Efl ¢eiÑl L­l a¡J ¢heø
q­µRz... djÑ fËS¡NZ­L d¡lZ L­lz AbÑ¡v pj¡S¢qaLl ¢h¢d pj§qC djÑz''63

p¤¤al¡w hm¡ k¡u djÑ ¢ho­u l¡S­nM­ll j­e¡i¡h ¢Rm Ni£l J hÉ¡fLz ­L¡elLj L¥pwú¡l
ay¡l djÑ­h¡d­L BµRæ Ll­a f¡­l¢ez d­jÑl e¡­j j¡e¢hLa¡l m¡“e¡ ay¡­L f£¢sa L­l­Rz
a¡C pj¡S S£h­e kMeC d­jÑl e¡­j iä¡¢j ­c­M­Re, aMeC fË¢ah¡­c N­SÑ E­W­Rez ­pC

148
iä¡¢j­L hɉ L­l lQe¡ L­l­Re NÒfz l¡S­nM­ll hý ­R¡VN­Òf l­u­R d­jÑl e¡­j
iä¡¢jl hɉ¢Qœz
djÑ­L BnËu L­l iä¡¢jl HL¢V ¢iæ l©f AˆZ L­l­Re flöl¡j ay¡l
"¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡' N­Òfz A­m±¢LLa¡l fË¢a BÙÛ¡ k¤N k¤N d­l pLm ­c­nl j¡e¤o­L fËi¡¢ha
L­l Q­m­Rz k¡ ¢LR¥ A­m±¢LL a¡l fË¢a j¡e¤­ol ­L±a¨qm p£j¡q£ez Bl ­k pjÙ¹ j¡e¤o
HC A­m±¢L­Ll L¡lh¡¢l a¡­cl fË¢a j¡e¤­ol nËÜ¡J p£j¡q£ez Bl Hl p¤¤­k¡N ¢e­u
A­m±¢L­Ll L¡lh¡¢ll¡ a¡­cl L¡lh¡l Q¡¢m­u k¡u ¢e¢ÜÑd¡uz p¡d¡l­Zl ­Q¡­M HC
A­m±¢L­Ll L¡lh¡¢ll¡ jqv hÉ¢š² h­m fË¢afæ quz ¢L¿¹¥ HLV¥ k¤¢š² ¢c­u i¡h­m ­cM¡
k¡u ­k Hl j­dÉ ¢e¢qa l­u­R La hs iä¡¢j! flöl¡j "¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡' N­Òf HC iä¡¢jl
j¤­M¡n M¤­m ¢c­u­Rez Hl f¡n¡f¡¢n ­k pjÙ¹ j¡e¤o ¢e­Sl¡ ¢n¢ra q­uJ HC
A­m±¢LLa¡­L je­e J ­jS¡­S fËnËu ­ce, k¡­cl BnË­u ¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡l ja iä afü£l¡
A­m±¢LLa¡l fn¡l S¢j­u ­a¡­me a¡­cl fË¢aJ ¢hâ¨fh¡Z hoÑZ L­l­Rez
"¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡' N­Òf ­c¢M iä p¡d¤ ¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡ BnËu ¢e­u­Re …l¦fch¡h¤l
h¡¢s­az …l¦fch¡h¤ B¢mf¤­ll E¢Lmz ¢a¢e e¡¢Ù¹L ­N¡­Rl j¡e¤oz ¢L¿¹¥ Ù»£l jªaÉ¥l fl
iâ­m¡L H­Lh¡­l hc­m ­N­Rez HMe ¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡C a¡l dÉ¡e ‘¡ez a¡C a¡l hs ­j­u
¢el©fj¡, ee£h¡h¤l p­‰ k¡l ¢hh¡q q­u­R, hsC ¢Q¿¹NËÙÛz Mhl¢V ­fy±R¡u ­Q¡Ÿ eðl
q¡hp£h¡N¡e ­m­el ­j­pz L­m­Sl ¢nrL ¢eh¡lZ, Ce¢pJ­l­¾pl c¡m¡m flj¡bÑ, ¢n¢ra
­hL¡l paÉhËa HC ­j­pl pcpÉz f¡­nl h¡¢sl ¢ea¡h¡h¤ HM¡­e H­p fË¡uC B—¡ ­cez
HC ­j­pC HL¢ce B­m¡Qe¡p§­œ ¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡l fËp‰ E­W B­pz ¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡ pÇf­LÑ a¡l¡
S¡e­a f¡­l :

""­LE h­m ay¡l hup fy¡Qn hvpl, ­LE h­m fy¡Q q¡S¡l, AbQ ­cM­a HC
¢ea¡C-Hl hup£ h­m ­h¡dquz ay¡­L ¢S‘¡p¡ Ll­m HLV¥ ­q­p h­me : ""hup
''64
h­m ­L¡e hÙ¹¥ ­eCz pjÙ¹ L¡m HLC L¡m; pjÙ¹ ÙÛ¡e―HLC ÙÛ¡ez''
¢ea¡C ¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡l fËp‰ ö­e a¡l p­‰ ­cM¡ Ll¡l SeÉ EcNË£h quz ¢L¿¹¥ ¢eh¡lZ,
paÉhËa Hl j­dÉ iä¡¢jl ByQ f¡uz a¡l¡ …l¦fch¡h¤l h¡¢s­a q¡¢Sl quz a¡l¡ ­pM¡­e
¢N­u S¡e­a f¡­l ­k ­l¡S c¤-¢aen iš² ¢N­u dZÑ¡ ¢c­µRz ¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡l Aá¥a Lb¡h¡aÑ¡
­n¡e¡l SeÉ a¡l¡ q¡ L­l B­Rz fË¢a l¢hh¡l l¡­a ­pM¡­e ­q¡j quz a¡ ­b­L e¡¢L HL
HL ¢ce HL-HL¢V ­cha¡l B¢hiÑ¡h qu―­L¡eJ ¢ce l¡jQ¾cÊ, ­L¡e ¢ce hËÇj¡, ­L¡e¢ce

149
¢kö, ­L¡e¢ce nË£ °QaeÉz k¡­L a¡­L ­q¡jO­l Y¥L­a ­cJu¡ qu e¡z k¡l¡ M¤h ­hn£ iš²
a¡l¡ HLj¡œ ­pM¡­e ­k­a f¡­lz ¢eh¡lZ paÉhËal¡ h¤T­a f¡­l ­N¡V¡V¡C iä¡¢jz a¡l¡
fËb­j h¡¢sl Q¡Llh¡Ll­L q¡a L­lz l¡a 9V¡, ­q¡j Blñ q­u­R :
""pqp¡ ­q¡jL¥ä ­b­L e£m¡i A¢NÀ¢nM¡ ¢eNÑa qCmz ­pC r£Z AØfø
B­m¡­L pL­m ­c¢M­me―jq¡­chC ­a¡ h­V!―­q¡j L¥­äl fÕQ¡­a hÉOË QjÑd¡l£
q¡l j¡m¡ ¢hi¨¢oa ¢fe¡L Xjl¦f¡¢e dhmL¡¢¿¹ cÙ¹¥l ja jq¡­chz''65

Hje pju Q¡Ll h¡Lll¡ f§hÑ ¢nr¡ ja ¢QvL¡l L­l EWm―"BNm¡N¡ qÉ¡uz' B…e-
B…e-­h¢l­u Bp¤¤e ¢nN¢Nlz' HC B…­el ¢nM¡­aC ­h¢s­u fsm Bpm lqpÉz jq¡­ch
¢fR­el clS¡ ¢c­u fm¡u­el ­Qø Ll­m a¡­L paÉhËa d­l ­g­mez EcO¡¢Va qu
¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡l iä¡¢jz

"¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡' N­Òfl j§mlp ­L±a¥Llpz HC ­L±a¥Llp pª¢ø q­u­R j§ma pwm¡­fl

j¡dÉ­jz ­kje ¢jø¡l ­pe ¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡­L ¢S­‘p L­l­R :

""H„¢LES ¢j fËi¥, Bf¢e ¢L ¢Sp¡p œ²¡Cø­L S¡e­ae?

¢h¢l¢’z q¡: q¡: ¢kö ­a¡ ­p¢ceL¡l ­R­mz

¢jø¡l ­pez j¡C OXz''66

H R¡s¡ ­N±Z Q¢lœ…¢ml pwm¡f, ¢h¢iæ fËL¡l h¡h¡­cl ¢e­u N¡mNÒf, A­m±¢LLa¡ ¢e­u
¢h¢iæ fËL¡­ll q¡pÉlp¡aÈL f¢l¢ÙÛ¢al B­m¡Qe¡ "¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡' NÒf¢V­L BcÉ¿¹
q¡pÉlp¡aÈL L­l a¥­m­Rz ph­n­o ­q¡jO­l h­p h¡¢s­a B…e m¡N¡l pwh¡c ö­e eLm
jq¡­c­hl ¢fR­el clS¡ ¢c­u f¡¢m­u k¡Ju¡l pju paÉhËa a¡­L S¡f¢V­u dl­m
jq¡­c­hl ¢e­S­L R¡s¡­e¡l SeÉ B¢aÑ f¡WL­L ­L±a¥Ll­p i¢l­u ­a¡­mz fËp‰¢V HM¡­e
E­õM Ll¡ ­k­a f¡­l ""jq¡­ch h¢m­me―Bx R¡s-R¡s-m¡­N j¡C¢l, HMe Cu¡l¢L
i­m¡m¡­N e¡ ―Q¡¢ŸÑ­L B…e―­R­s c¡J hm¢Rz''67
"…l¦ ¢hc¡u' N­Òf flöl¡j …l¦­c­hl iä¡¢jl Bl HL¢V ¢iæ ¢Qœ AˆZ
L­l­Rez H N­Òf iä¡¢jl ¢Qœ qu­a¡ ¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡l ja fËaÉr euz ¢L¿¹¥ flöl¡j ay¡l
Lm­jl p§rÈ ByQ­s …l¦­c­hl iä¡¢jl HL p§rÈ ¢cL­L a¥­m d­l­Re H N­Òfz

hwn­m¡Qeh¡h¤l Ù»£ j¡¢ee£ ­ch£z qW¡v HL¢ce j¡¢ee£ ­ch£l ­Mu¡m qm djÑ L­jÑ
je ¢c­u j¿¹l-V¿¹l ¢e­az hwn­m¡Qe °hWLM¡e¡u H­p a¡l A¿¹l‰­cl L¡­R faÀ£l

150
A¢im¡o hÉš² Ll­mez Efk¤š² …l¦l på¡e ¢e­u ¢hÙ¹l B­m¡Qe¡l fl hwn­m¡Q­el
nÉ¡mL e­Ne ¢c¢cl …l¦l på¡e ¢c­mez h¡¢m­”l M¢mÄcwü¡j£―""BÉp¡ p¤¤¾cl N¡C­a
f¡­le! ­Qq¡l¡¢VJ ­aj¢e, hu­p HC S¡j¡Ch¡h¤l ­Q­u ¢LR¥ Lj q­hz...HMe a¡l fË¡u c¤n
¢noÉ¡z''68 j¡¢ee£ ­ch£lJ M¢mÄcw ü¡j£­L fR¾c qmz c£r¡l B­Nl ¢ce M¢mÄcw ¢e­S O¤­l
O¤­l pjÙ¹ B­u¡Se ac¡lL Ll­Rez qW¡v a¡l eS­l fsm―HL¢V hªqc¡L¡l R¡Nm a¡­L
pa«o· eu­e ¢el£rZ Ll­Rz ü¡j£¢S S¡e­a f¡l­me R¡Nm¢Vl e¡j mðLZÑ Hhw j¡¢ee£
­ch£ a¡­L AaÉ¿¹ i­m¡h¡­pez M¢mÄcwü¡j£ mðLZÑ­L ­c­M hm­me―""nË£ iNh¡­el ¢L
Af§hÑ pª¢ø HC S£h¢Vz ­hy­Q b¡L¡l ­k Be¾c, a¡ H­a f§ZÑ j¡œ¡u ¢hcÉj¡ez fË¡Zn¢š² ­ke
phÑ¡­‰ Eb­m E­W­Rz''69 ü¡j£¢S mðLZÑ­L X¡L­a m¡N­me―"B-a¥ a¥ a¥z' mðLZÑ Hm
e¡z ü¡¢jS£ hm­me:

""Bq¡ A­h¡d S£h, ¢L¢’v i£a q­u­Rz Bj¡­L HMeJ ­Q­e e¡ ¢Le¡z ­a¡jl¡
J­L a¡s¡ ¢cJ e¡, S£h­L BLoÑZ Ll¡l Ef¡u q­µR Ap£j Ll¦Z¡, AN¡d
¢a¢ar¡z''70

¢L¿¹¥ pLm­L Ah¡L L­l ¢c­u mðLZÑ k¡ OV¡m a¡l SeÉ ­LEC fËÙa
¹¥ ¢Rm e¡ :

""¢LR¥cl§ ¢fR¥ q¢Vu¡ mðLZÑ j¤q¨aÑ ¢ÙÛl qCu¡ cy¡s¡Cmz a¡lfl O¡s
e£Q¥ L¢lu¡ ¢nw h¡L¡Cu¡ ü¡j£¢Sl edl Ecl ¢en¡e¡ L¢lu¡ erœ­h­N pÇj¥­M
R¥¢Vmz...¢e­j­ol j­dÉ mðL­ZÑl fËQä Ny¥a¡ d¡C L¢lu¡ mrÉ ÙÛ¡­e ­fy±¢Rm, M¢mÄcw
HLh¡l j¡œ h¡h¡­N¡ h¢mu¡ ¢XNh¡S£ M¡Cu¡ dl¡n¡u£ qC­mez''71

Hlfl ü¡j£¢S­L X¡š²¡l ­cM¡­e¡ qmz ü¡j£¢S p¤¤ÙÛ q­mez ¢L¿¹¥ ­N¡ d­l hp­me : ""H
h¡¢s­a c¤S­el ÙÛ¡e ­eC, qu B¢j eu I hÉ¡V¡z'' AbÑ¡v mðLZÑz j¡¢ee£ ­ch£ R¡Nm¢V­L
h¡¢s ­b­L a¡s¡­a Q¡C­me e¡z g­m ¢hc¡u ¢e­a qm ü¡j£¢S­LCz

"…l¦ ¢hc¡u' N­Òf q¡pÉl­pl j§m ¢hou qm Ap‰¢az j¡e¤o üi¡haC fË¢a¢qwp¡
fl¡uZ quz ¢L¿¹¥ …l¦­c­hl ja jq¡e j¡e¤­ol¡ phpjuC Ll¦Z¡l h¡Z£ ö¢e­u ­fË­jl j¿»
ö¢e­u j¡e¤o­L kb¡bÑ j¡e¤o L­l N­s ­a¡m¡l ­Qø¡ L­lez B­m¡QÉ N­ÒfJ M¢mÄcw ü¡j£
ay¡l A¿¹x¢ÙÛa Ll¦Z¡l i¡ä¡l fËcnÑ­el SeÉ mðLZÑ­L ­c­M j¿¹hÉ L­l¢R­me :

151
 ""nË£ iNh¡­el ¢L Af§hÑ pª¢ø HC S£h¢Vz ­hy­Q b¡L¡l ­k Be¾c a¡ H­a f§ZÑ
j¡œ¡u ¢hcÉj¡ez fË¡Zn¢š² ­ke phÑ¡­‰ Eb­m EW­Rz''72

HC Ll¦Z¡l h¡Z£ ¢e­j­oC fË¢a¢qwp¡u f¢lZa q­u­R kMe mðLZÑ a¡l fËQä n¢š² fËcnÑe
L­l …l¦­ch­L dl¡n¡u£ Llmz ­k ü¡j£¢S mðL­ZÑl j­dÉ DnÄ­ll Af§hÑ pª¢øl på¡e
­f­u¢R­me ­pC ¢a¢eC 180 ¢XNË£ O¤­l ¢N­u a¡­L "j§¢aÑj¡e f¡f' hm­a ¢àd¡ Ll­me e¡z
öd¤ a¡C eu mðLZÑ­L h¡¢s ­b­L a¡s¡h¡l AeÉ¡u c¡¢hJ ¢a¢e L­l hp­mez Hl jdÉ
¢c­u ­h¢l­u fsm j¤­M¡­nl A¿¹l¡­m b¡L¡ …l¦­c­hl Q¢l­œl paÉL¡­ll ül©fz …l¦­ch
M¢mÄcw ü¡j£l Q¢l­œl HC ApwN¢aC H N­Òf q¡pÉl­pl j§m Evpz HR¡s¡ fËh£Z ­Lc¡l
Q¡V¥­kÉl ¢hQrZ j¿¹hÉ, a£rÁ h¤¢Ül E¢Lm ¢h­e¡­cl p­L±a¥L fl¡jnÑ, j¡¢ee£ ­ch£l i¢š²l
B¢an­kÉ ü¡j£S£l Q¢hÑa B­Ml ¢Rhs¡ flj i¢š² pqL¡­l ¢Qh¡­e¡ H N­Òf ­L±a¥­Ll
f¢l­hn lQe¡ L­l­Rz

¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡ J ¢Q¢LvpL­L hɉ¢hâ¨f L­l ¢hnÄp¡¢q­aÉ fËQ¥l NÒf ­mM¡ q­u­Rz
H fËp­‰ j­e f­s gl¡p£ e¡VÉL¡l ­j¡¢m­ul (1622-1673) J BC¢ln e¡VÉL¡l h¡eÑ¡X
'n (1856-1950)-Hl Lb¡z a¡l¡ ¢Q¢LvpL Hhw ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡­L ¢e­u hɉ L­l­Rez
­j¡¢mu­ll ­nËù L¢jL Q¢lœ Sganerelle (`Sganerelle`) Hhw h¡ZÑ¡X n'­ul X¡š²¡l
B.B h¡ Doctor Sir Ralph Bloomfield Bonington (``The `s Dilemma``) c¤S­eC
¢hM¡Éa ¢Q¢LvpLz AbQ c¤S­el ­LEC ab¡L¢ba ¢n¢ra X¡š²¡l eez X¡š²¡l B.B
Ae¡u¡­pC de¤ùwL¡­ll ­l¡N£­L V¡Cg­u­Xl Jo¤d ¢c­u­Re Bl V¡Cg­u­Xl ­l¡N£­L
¢c­u­Re de¤ùwL¡­ll Jo¤dz Bl Sganerelle ­c­ql X¡e¢c­L q©v¢fä Hhw ­c­ql
h¡j¢c­L kL«­al fl£r¡ L­le Hhw ­pC Ae¤k¡u£ Jo¤d ­cez Bp­m ­hn£li¡N ­r­œC
¢Q¢Lvp­Ll¡ A‘ q­mJ a¡­cl BaÈ¢hnÄ¡p p£j¡q£ez a¡C nË£ p¤¤­h¡dQ¾cÊ ­pe…ç kb¡bÑC
h­m­Re :
""ph¡C AåL¡­l q¡as¡Cu¡ ­hs¡u, ph¡C ¢e­S­cl h¡q¡c¤¢l ­cM¡C­aC hÉÙ¹,
L¡lZ pL­ml j§mdeC d¡è¡h¡¢S; Cq¡­cl i¡o¡l fËL¡l­ic b¡¢L­mJ pL­ml
h¤¢mC AbÑq£e fËm¡f Bl pL­ml mrÉC ­l¡N£l f­LVz''73
j¢m­ul ¢Lð¡ h¡eÑ¡X n'­ul j­a¡ hɉ p¡¢q¢aÉ­Ll¡ ¢Q¢LvpL Hhw ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡l
iä¡¢jl HC ¢cL…¢m­L hɉ L­l­Rez h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ °œ­m¡LÉe¡b ay¡l ¢LR¥ ­R¡VN­Òf
¢Q¢LvpL­cl ¢e­u AÒfpÒf l¢pLa¡ Ll­mJ flöl¡jC phÑfËbj H­cl­L ¢e­u hɉ ¢hâ¨f

152
L­l p¡bÑL ­R¡VNÒf lQe¡ L­l­Rez ¢Q¢LvpL­cl e¡e¡ j§â¡­c¡o H­L Afl­L Ly¡c¡­R¡s¡,
¢e­S­L ¢Q¢LvpL pjË¡V h­m fË¢afæ Ll¡l SeÉ g¾c£ CaÉ¡¢c H NÒf…¢ml ¢houz
"¢Q¢Lvp¡ pwLV', "kc¤X¡š²¡­ll ­f­n¾V' fËi«¢a NÒf…¢m Hdl­Zl NÒfz
"¢Q¢Lvp¡ pwLV' N­Òf nË£ e¾cc¤m¡m ¢j­œl ¢Q¢Lvp¡ pwLV ­cM¡­e¡ q­u­Rz Qm¿¹
N¡s£ ­b­L e¡j­a ¢N­u e¾c f­s ­N­m ­p p¡j¡eÉ BO¡a f¡uz e¾c Ešl¡¢dL¡l p§­œ
fËQ¥l V¡L¡l j¡¢mLz a¡C ay¡l p¡j¡eÉ BO¡a ¢e­u ay¡l h奭cl j­dÉ Q­m e¡e¡ fl£r¡
¢el£r¡z …¢f, hˆ¥, ¢ed¤, où£h¡h¤ fËj¤Ml¡ e¾cl hå¥z a¡l¡ a¡­L ¢h¢iæi¡­h Ef­cn ­cuz
­LE a¡­L Ef­cn ­cu HÉ¡­m¡­fb£ ¢Q¢Lvp¡l, ­LE ­q¡¢jJfÉ¡b£ ¢Q¢Lvp¡l Bh¡l ­LE h¡
a¡­L q¡¢L­jl L¡­R k¡h¡l fl¡jnÑ ­cuz Hlfl e¾ch¡h¤l ¢h¢iæ ¢Q¢LvpL­cl L¡­R k¡Ju¡
Hhw a¡­cl ­l¡N ¢eZÑu Hhw a¡­cl ¢Q¢Lvp¡l dlZ ¢e­u ¢h¢iæ ¢Q¢LvpL­cl Aá¥a j¿¹hÉ
NÒf¢V­a f¢l­h¢na q­u­R k¡ HLC p­‰ SeÈ ¢c­u­R q¡pÉlp J ¢hØjul­plz ­nofkÑ¿¹
­L¡e ¢Q¢Lvp¡­aC Bl ay¡l BÙÛ¡ b¡­L e¡z Ah­n­o ­p k¡u X¡š²¡l ¢jp ¢hf¤m¡ j¢õ­Ll
L¡­Rz ­pC a¡l Bpm ­l¡N dl­a f¡­lz ¢jp j¢õL a¡­L fl¡jnÑ ­ce "Bfe¡l öd¤
HLSe A¢ii¡hL clL¡lz' Hlfl ¢jp j¢õ­Ll p­‰ ­p ¢hh¡q hå­e BhÜ quz ­mML
S¡¢e­u­Re :

""¢j­pp ¢hf¤m¡ ¢jœ HMe ü¡j£ ¢iæ Afl ­l¡N£l ¢Q¢Lvp¡ L­le e¡z a­h
e¾ch¡h¤ i¡mC B­Rez ­j¡Vl L¡l ­Le¡ qCu¡­Rz c¤x­Ml ¢hou p¡åÉ B—¡¢V
i¡¢‰u¡ ¢Nu¡­Rz''74

nË£ e¾cc¤m¡m ¢j­œl ¢Q¢Lvp¡ p§­œ Bjl¡ H N­Òf f¢lQu ­f­u¢R HL¡¢dL
¢Q¢Lvp­Llz H­cl ­LE HÉ¡­m¡­fb£ ¢Q¢LvpL, ­LE ­q¡¢jJfÉ¡b£ ¢Q¢LvpL, ­LE h¡
L¢hl¡Sz ¢Q¢Lvp¡ fÜ¢a H­cl ¢iæ q­mJ ¢jm l­u­R HL¢V ­r­œz Hl¡ pL­mC
d¡è¡h¡Sz H­cl i¡o¡l fËL¡l­ic b¡L­mJ pL­ml h¤¢mC AbÑq£e fËm¡f Bl pL­mlC
mrÉ ­l¡N£l f­LVz H­cl­L ­L¾cÊ L­l ­k q¡pÉlp H N­Òf pª¢ø q­u­R a¡ HL Lb¡u
AehcÉz H­cl fË­aÉ­Ll ¢Q¢Lvp¡ fÜ¢al ApwN¢a f¡WL­L Ea­l¡m q¡pÉl­p j¡¢a­u
­a¡­mz HLC p­‰ pjp¡j¢uL ¢Q¢Lvp¡ fÜ¢al Ap¡saÆ Bj¡­cl ­Q¡­M B‰¥m ¢c­u
­c¢M­u ­cuz ­kje X¡š²¡l algc¡­ll ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡ :

""HLSe ÙÛ¨mL¡u j¡­l¡u¡l£ eNÀ N¡­œ cy¡s¡Cu¡ B­Rz X¡š²¡l ¢ga¡ ¢cu¡
ay¡q¡l i¥¢sl f¢l¢d j¡¢fu¡ h¢m­me : ""hpÚ, ­p¡u¡ C¢’ ht ¢Nu¡z'' ­l¡N£ M¤n£

153
 qCu¡ h¢mm, ""ehSÚ ­a¡ ­c¢M­uz ­l¡N£ h¢mm―Sh¡e ­a¡ ­c¢M­uz ­l¡N£ qy¡
L¢lm, X¡š²¡l O­ll Afl¢c­L cy¡s¡Cu¡ A­fl¡ fÔ¡p à¡l¡ a¡q¡l ¢Sh ­c¢Mu¡
h¢m­me,

"­b¡­l¢p Lpl qÉ¡uz Lm ¢ge Be¡z'

­l¡N£ Q¢mu¡ ­N­m ag¡c¡l e¾cl ¢c­L Q¡¢qu¡ h¢m­me―"J­um?

e¾c h¢m­me "B­‘ hs ¢hf­c f­s Bfe¡ L¡­R H­p¢Rz L¡m qW¡v VÊ¡j ­b­L―

ag¡c¡lz LÇf¡Eä é¡LQ¡l? q¡s ­i­‰­R?

e¾c Be¤f§¢hÑL a¡q¡l AhÙÛ¡l hZÑe¡ L¢l­mez ­hce¡ e¡C, SÆl qu e¡, ­f­Vl
Ap¤¤M p¢cÑ, q¡f¡¢e e¡Cz r¥d¡ L¡m qC­a HLV¥ L¢ju¡­Rz l¡­œ c¤xüfÀ ­c¢Mu¡­Rez
j­e hs Baˆz

X¡š²¡l ay¡q¡l h¤L ­fV j¡b¡ q¡a f¡ e¡s£ fl£r¡ L¢lu¡ h¢m­me―"¢Sh ­c¢Mz'

e¾ch¡h¤ ¢Sh h¡¢ql L¢l­mez

X¡š²¡l rZL¡m j¤M hy¡L¡Cu¡ Lmj d¢l­mez ­fËp¢œ²fne ­mM¡ ­no qC­m e¾cl
¢c­L Q¢qu¡ h¢m­me―Bf¢e HMe ¢Sh ­V­e ¢e­a f¡­lez HC Jo¤d ­l¡S
¢aeh¡l M¡­hez'

e¾cz ¢L lLj h¤T­me?

ag¡c¡lz ­i¢l hÉ¡Xz

e¾c pi­u h¢m­me―"¢L q­u­R?'

ag¡c¡lz BlJ ¢ce LaL Ju¡Q e¡ Ll­m ¢WL hm¡ k¡u e¡z a­h p­¾cq
Ll¢R Cerebral tumour with strangulated ganglia.

¢VÊ g¡Ce L'­l j¡b¡l M¤¢m g¥­V¡ L­l AÙ» Ll­a q­h, Bl O¡s ¢Q­l e¡­iÑl

SV Rs¡­a q­hz nVp¡¢LÑV q­u ­N­Rz

e¾cz "hy¡Qh a?'

154
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Bp­hez j¡C­éä ­jSl ­Ny¡p¡C­ul p­‰ HLV¡ LeÚpmÚ­Vn­el hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¡ k¡­hz

i¡a X¡m hs HLV¡ M¡­he e¡z HN-¢gÓf, ­h¡e jÉ¡­l¡ p¤f

¤ , ¢Q­Le-ØV¥ HCphz

¢h­L­m HLV¥ h¡NÑ¢ä ­M­a f¡­lez hlg-Sm M¤h M¡­hez qyÉ¡ h¢œn V¡L¡z

­q¡¢jJfÉ¡¢b X¡š²¡l ­ef¡­ml ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡ :

""­ef¡mz nÄ¡p E­W­R?

e¾cz B­‘?

­ef¡mz l¦N£l ­no AhÙÛ¡ e¡ q'­m ­a¡ Bj¡u X¡L¡ qu e¡, a¡C
¢S­‘p Ll¢Rz e¾c p¢he­u S¡e¡C­me ¢a¢e ­l¡N£z

­ef¡mz BÉ­m¡fÉ¡b X¡L¡a hÉ¡V¡l¡ ­R­s ¢c­me ­k hs? ­a¡j¡l q­u­R ¢L?

e¾ch¡h¤ a¡q¡l C¢ahªš hZÑe¡ L¢l­mez

­ef¡mz ag¡c¡l ¢L h­m­R?

e¾cz hm­me Bj¡l j¡b¡u ¢VEj¡l B­Rz

­ef¡mz ag¡c¡­ll j¡b¡u ¢L B­R S¡e? ­N¡hlz Bl V¥¢fl ­ial ¢nw, S¥­a¡l

­ial M¤l, f¡am¤­el ­ial mÉ¡Sz ¢M­c qu?

e¾cz c¤-¢ce ­b­L H­Lh¡­l qu e¡z

­ef¡mz O¤j qu?

e¾cz e¡z

­ef¡mz j¡a¡ d­l?

e¾cz L¡m påÉ¡­hm¡ d­l¢Rmz

­ef¡mz hy¡ ¢cLz

155
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­ef¡m djL ¢cu¡ h¢m­me―"¢WL L'­l hmz'

e¾cz B­‘ ¢WL j¢dÉM¡­ez

­ef¡mz ­fV L¡js¡u?

e¾cz ­p¢ce L¡j­s ¢Rmz ¢e­d L¡h¢mjVl i¡S¡ H­e¢Rm a¡C ­M­u―

­ef¡mz ­fV L¡js¡u e¡ ­j¡Qs ­cu a¡C hmz

e¾c ¢hhËa qCu¡ h¢m­me―qy¡­Q¡s-fy¡­Q¡s L­lz'

X¡š²¡l L­uL¢V ­j¡­V¡ ­j¡V¡ h¢q ­c¢M­me, a¡lfl A­eLrZ ¢Q¿¹¡ L¢lu¡

h¢m­me―"qy¥ z HLV¡ Jo¤d ¢c¢µR ¢e­u k¡Jz B­N nl£l ­b­L AÉ¡­m¡fÉ¡¢bL
¢ho a¡s¡­a q­hz fy¡Q hRl hu­p Bj¡u M¤­e hÉ¡V¡l¡ c¤-­NËe L¥Ce£e ¢c­u¢Rm,
HMeJ ¢h­L­m j¡b¡ ¢Vf ¢Vf L­lz p¡a ¢ce f­l ­gl H­p¡z aMe Bpm
¢Q¢Lvp¡ öl¦ q­hz'

e¾cz hÉ¡f¡lV¡ ¢L B¾c¡S Ll­Re?

X¡š²¡l ï¥L¥¢V L¢lu¡ h¢m­me―"a¡ ­S­e ­a¡j¡l Q¡l­V q¡a ­hs­h e¡¢L? k¢c
h¢m ­a¡j¡l ­f­V ¢Xg¡­lenÉ¡m LÉ¡mÚL¥m¡p q­u­R, ¢LR¥ h¤T­h? i¡a M¡­h e¡,
c¤-­hm¡ l¦¢V, j¡R-j¡wp h¡lZ öd¤ j¤­Nl X¡­ml S¥o, pÀ¡e hå, Nlj Sm HLV¥
­M­a f¡l, a¡j¡L M¡­h e¡, ­dy¡u¡ m¡N­m Jo¤­dl …Z eø q­hz i¡h­R¡ Bj¡l
Bmj¡l£l Jo¤d eø q­u ­N­R? ­p iu ­eC, Bj¡l a¡j¡­L p¡mg¡l b¡¢VÑ
­jn¡­e¡ b¡­Lz

a¡¢lZ£ L¢hl¡­Sl ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡ :

""a¡¢lZ£z l¦¢Nl hÉ¡­j¡X¡ ¢L ?

e¾ch¡h¤ S¡e¡C­me ¢a¢eC ­l¡N£ Hhw pjÙ¹ C¢aq¡p ¢hhªa L¢l­mez

a¡¢lZ£z j¡b¡l M¤¢m ­Ryc¡ L­l ¢c­u­R e¡¢L ?

156
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a¡¢lZ£z ­ef¡m ­p Bh¡l ­LX¡?

e¾cz S¡­ee e¡ ? ­Q¡l¡h¡N¡­el ­ef¡mQ¾cÊ l¡u M.B.F.T.S-MSX ­q¡¢jJfÉ¡bz

a¡¢lZ£z Ax eÉ¡fm¡, a¡C LJz ­pX¡ Bh¡l X¡Nc¡l qm L­h? h¢m f¡s¡u Hje
¢hQrZ ­L¡h­lS b¡L¢a ­R­m ­R¡Ll¡l L¡­R k¡J ­Le?

e¾cz B­‘, hå¥-h¡åhl¡ hm­m X¡š²¡­ll jaV¡ B­N ­eJu¡ clL¡lz k¢c AÙ»
¢Q¢Lvp¡ Ll­a quz

a¡¢lZ£z ay¡l j¡j¡l qu El¦Ù¹ñz ¢p¢im p¡SÑe f¡ L¡V­mz ¢ae¢ce A°QaeÉz

‘¡e q¢m fl LC­me, Bj¡l WÉ¡w LC? X¡L a¡¢lZ£ pÉ¡e­lz ­cm¡j W¥­L
HLcm¡ QhefË¡nz a¡l fl ¢L q'm LJ ¢c¢L?

e¾c Bh¡l f¡ N¢S­u­R h¤¢T?

.....

cÉ¡J e¡s£X¡ HLh¡l ­c¢Mz qx k¡ i¡h¢Rm¡j a¡Cz i¡l£ hÉ¡­j¡ q­u¢Rm

LMeJ?''

e¾cz A­eL¢ce B­N V¡Cg­uX q­u¢Rmz

a¡¢lZ£z ¢WL W¡E­l¢Rz fy¡Q hRl B­N?

e¾c z fË¡u p¡­l p¡ahRl q'mz

a¡¢lZ£ z HLC Lb¡, f¡Q ­cl¡ p¡­l p¡az fË¡¢aL¡­m ­h¡¢j qu?

e¾c z B­‘ e¡z

a¡¢lZ£ z qu Z¡e¢a f¡l e¡z ¢eâ¡ qu?

e¾c z i¡m qu e¡z

a¡¢lZ£ z q­hC e¡ ­a¡z Ed¤Ñ q­u­R ¢Le¡z c¡a LeLe L­l?

157
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a¡¢lZ£ z L­l, Z¡e¢a f¡l e¡z k¡ ­q¡L, a¥¢j ¢Q¿¹¡ ­L¡­l¡¢e h¡h¡z Bl¡j q­u
k¡h¡­ez B¢j Jo¤d ¢c¢µRz

L¢hl¡S jq¡nu Bmj¡l£ qC­a HL¢V ¢n¢n h¡¢ql L¢l­me, Hhw a¡q¡l jdÉ¢ÙÛa
h¢sl E­Ÿ­nÉ h¢m­me―m¡g¡p­e, b¡jÚ b¡jÚz Bj¡l ph S£u¿¹ Jo¤d, X¡L¢m X¡L
­n¡­ez HC h¢s pL¡m p¢åÉ HLV¡ L¢l M¡h¡z Bh¡l ¢ae¢ce fl BpÚh¡z
h¤­SQ?'

e¾c z B­‘ qy¡z

a¡¢lZ£ z R¡C h¤­TQz Ae¤f¡e ¢c¢a q­h e¡? VÉ¡h¡ ­mh¤l lp Bl jd¤l p¡¢b
j¡¢s M¡h¡z i¡a M¡h¡ e¡z Jm ¢pÜ, LQ¥ ¢pÜ HC ph M¡h¡z e¤e ­R¡h¡ e¡z j¡…l
j¡­Rl ­T¡m HLV¥ QÉ¡¢e ¢cu¡ ly¡¢d M¡¢a f¡lz NljSm W¡ä¡ L¢l M¡h¡z

e¾c z hÉ¡l¡j V¡ ¢L?

a¡¢lZ£ z k¡­l Lu Ec¤¢lz EdѨ ­nÔ×j¡J LC¢a f¡lz''

e¾ch¡h¤ L¢hl¡­Sl cnÑe£ J Ko­dl j§mÉ ¢cu¡ ¢hjoÑ¢Q­š ¢hc¡u mC­mez

Hlfl e¾ch¡h¤ ­N­me q¡¢Lj p¡­q­hl L¡­Rz q¡¢Lj e¾ch¡h¤l ­l¡N ¢eZÑu L­l
hm­me "q¢— ¢fmÚ¢fm¡u Nu¡z'75

HC pjÙ¹ ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡ Bl k¡C ­q¡L LM­e¡C p¤¤ù¥ ¢Q¢Lvp¡ fÜ¢a­L pjbÑe
L­l e¡z HC ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉ¡hÙÛ¡­LC flöl¡j a£hËi¡­h ¢hâ¨f L­l­Re HM¡­ez HR¡s¡
flöl¡j Hje¢LR¥ pwm¡f ¢h¢iæQ¢l­œl j¤­M h¢p­u­Re Hhw ¢pQ¥­une pª¢ø L­l­Re k¡
NÒf¢V­a ¢e­iÑS¡m q¡pÉl­pl Bü¡c H­e ­cuz a¡¢lZ£ L¢hl¡­Sl j¤­M h¡lh¡l "qu,
S¡e¢a f¡l e¡z' Abh¡ "Ax, eÉ¡fm¡', fËi«¢a EµQ¡lZ ¢exp­¾c­q ­L±a¥Ll­pl Aha¡lZ¡
L­l­Rz e¾cl h奭cl Lb¡h¡aÑ¡…¢mJ H N­Òf k­bø °h¢QœÉ pª¢ø L­l­Rz

""fË­aÉ­Ll hš²­hÉl j­dÉ ü£u hÉ¢š²aÆ pª¢ø qCu¡­R Hhw k¢cJ L¡q¡lJ p­‰
Afl L¡q¡lJ ja ­j­m e¡ ah¤ Cq¡­cl j¿¹hÉ…¢m HL Afl©f hZÑ¡m£ pª¢ø
L¢lu¡­Rz''76

158
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kc¤e¾ce NsN¢sz C¢e ­L¡b¡u X¡š²¡¢l ¢n­M¢R­me, LmL¡a¡u ¢L ­h¡ð¡C-H, ¢L ­l‰¥­e a¡
­LE S¡­e e¡z ­LE h­m, C¢e ­p­L­m ¢i.Hm.Hj.Hpz ­LE h­m Jph ¢LR¥ ee, C¢e
q­µRe My¡¢V qÉ¡j¡l-hËÉ¡ä, AbÑ¡v q¡a¥­sz ¢e¾c¥­Ll¡ k¡C hm¤L HLL¡­m Hyl ApwMÉ ­f­n¾V
¢Rm, p¡d¡lZ ­m¡L Hy­L M¤h hs p¡­SÑe j­e Llaz ¢a¢e ­k ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡l hZÑe¡
¢c­u­Re a¡ Bj¡­cl ¢hØj­u qah¡L L­l ­cuz ¢a¢e ­ki¡­h c¤Se e¡l£ f¤l¦­ol dl ­b­L
j¤ä Bm¡c¡ q­u k¡Ju¡l f­lJ a¡­cl­L hy¡¢Q­u ­a¡m¡l NÒf ö¢e­u­Re a¡ p¢aÉC
¢hm¡a£ ¢h‘¡­el j¤­M S¥­a¡ j¡l¡lC p¡¢jmz AhnÉ ­p L«¢a­aÆl c¡¢hc¡l ¢a¢e ee,
¢h­O¡l¡e¾c h¡h¡z jªa p‘£he£ ¢hcÉ¡ a¡l Ll¡uš, ­pC ¢hcÉ¡l p¡q¡­kÉ ¢a¢e c¤C ­fË¢jL
­fË¢jL¡ f¢’ Bl S¢Vl¡­jl ds ­b­L j¤ä Bm¡c¡ q­u k¡Ju¡l f­lJ ay¡­cl­L hy¡¢Q­u
a¥­m­Rez öd¤ a¡C eu pjÙ¹ lLj X¡š²¡¢l ­L¡X­L Qlj Ah‘¡ L­l f¢’l d­s S¢Vl¡­jl
j¤ä¥ Bl S¢Vl¡­jl d­s f’¥l j¤ä¥ S¥­l ¢c­u­Rez H­r­œ kc¤ X¡š²¡­ll L¡S ¢Rm öd¤
Mä ­k¡Se Ll¡z Mä ­k¡Se Ll­a ¢N­u :

""AÉ¡e¡­ÙÛ¢VL clL¡l qm e¡, ¢h­O¡l h¡h¡ j¡b¡u Bl Nm¡u q¡a h¤¢m­u

Ap¡s L­l ¢c­mez ¢L¿¹¥ ­i¡a¡ …Z Ry¥Q Bl MpM­p f¡­Vl p¤¤a¢m ¢c­u Q¡js¡
­gy¡l¡ ­Nm e¡z ¢h­O¡l h¡h¡ hm­me, HC ¢f¢cj ­b­L ­l¢sl ­am ¢e­u Ry¥Q Bl
p¤¤­a¡u ­hn L­l j¡¢M­u e¡Jz a¡C ¢em¤jz m¤¢hË­LV Ll¡l fl L¡S pqS qm,
Bd O¾V¡l j­dÉ j¤ä¥l p­‰ ds ­pm¡C L­l ­gmm¤jz

a¡lfl ¢h­O¡l h¡h¡­L hmm¤j, HMe H­cl nl£­l ¢LR¥ a¡S¡ lš² f¤­l ­cJu¡
clL¡lz Ai¡­h fy¡Qn ¢n¢n NÔ¥­L¡S-pÉ¡m¡Cez ¢L¿¹¥ HC f¡s¡ N¡­u ­k¡N¡l q­h ¢L
L­l? k¢c ­eq¡aC ­hy­Q k¡u a­h Hlfl ¢LR¥ ¢ce ¢mi¡l H„VÊ¡ƒ, hÔXp ¢fm
Bl ¢iN¡­l¡­Se M¡Ju¡­a q­h eC­m N¡­u ­S¡l f¡­h e¡z

¢h­O¡l h¡h¡ hm­me, Jph R¡C iØj Qm­h e¡ h¡f¤ HMe Hl¡ pjÙ¹ l¡a
O¤j¤­hz L¡m pL¡­m ­S­N EW­m ­T¡m¡ …l ¢c­u M¡e LaL l¦¢V fbÉ Ll­hz
a¡lfl ­hm¡ q­m f’£ i¡a Q¢s­u ­c­hz Bl mˆ¡ h¡V¡ ¢c­u Ly¡Ls¡ QµQ¢s
ly¡d­hz a¡­aC hm¡d¡e q­hz S¢Vl¡j Bh¡l Ny¡S¡ M¡uz eu­l S­V? S¢Vl¡j cy¡a
­hl L­l hm­me ¢qyz

159
 ¢h­O¡lh¡h¡ hm­me, ­hn ­a¡, L¡m pL¡­m Bj¡l fËp¡c£ ¢R¢m­j c¤-HL V¡e
¢cpz HMe M¡Ju¡ Qm­h e¡, Nm¡u ­S¡s ­f¡š² q­a Qy¡l fy¡Q O¾V¡ pju m¡N­hz
HMe ­M­m ­pm¡C­ul gy¡L ¢c­u ph ­dy¡u¡ ­h¢l­u k¡­hz ­cM X¡š²¡l ­a¡j¡l g£
77
¢LR¥ ­ch e¡, BS a¥¢j k¡ ­cM­m a¡lC c¡j m¡M V¡L¡z''

H NÒf¢Vl BLoÑZ£u ¢cL qm ¢Q¢Lvp¡ ¢h‘¡­el L­j¢Xl p­‰ ­fË­jl L­j¢Xl

pw¢jnËZz a­h H N­Òfl pªø q¡pÉlp A­eL ­r­œC pñ¡hÉa¡l p£j¡ A¢aœ²j L­l­Rz
k¢cJ Apñh­L ­L¾cÊ L­l N­s J­W q¡pÉlp ah¤ ­pC Apñh­LJ pñ¡hÉ q­a quz ea¥h¡
a¡ BS…h£ ¢q­p­hC NZÉ quz BS…¢h Bl k¡C­q¡L LM­e¡C ­nËù q¡pÉl­pl Evp q­a
f¡­l e¡z "kc¤X¡š²¡­ll ­f­n¾V' N­ÒfJ HC BS…¢hl Rs¡R¢sz ds ­b­L j¤ä Bm¡c¡
q­u k¡Ju¡l f­lJ a¡­cl­L hy¡¢Q­u ­a¡m¡l ­k L¡¢q¢e HM¡­e ¢hhªa q­u­R a¡ ­L¡ei¡­hC
¢hnÄ¡pÉ q­a f¡­l e¡z öd¤ hy¡¢Q­u ­a¡m¡ eu HLS­el d­sl p­‰ B­lLS­el j¤ä S¥­l
­cJu¡l L¡¢q¢e kMe ­n¡e¡­e¡ qu aMe a¡ BlJ BS…¢h ­W­Lz

(3) p¡¢q¢aÉL­cl ¢hl¦Ü¡QlZ ¢houL NÒf :

flöl¡j ¢LR¥ NÒf ¢m­M­Re ­kM¡­e p¡¢q¢aÉ­Ll¡ ay¡l ¢h⨭fl mrÉ q­u­Rz ¢e­S
HLSe p¡¢q¢aÉL qJu¡l p¤¤h¡­c HC pÇfËc¡­ul Q¡¢l¢œL c¤hÑma¡ pÇf­LÑ ¢a¢e k­bø
Ju¡¢Lhqm ¢R­mez c¡¢ñLa¡ DoÑ¡ CaÉ¡¢c Q¡¢l¢œL c¤hÑma¡…¢m a¡l¡ L£i¡­h pk­aÀ
¢e­S­cl A¿¹­l m¡me L­l Q­m a¡ ¢a¢e S¡e­aez HC Q¡¢l¢œL °h¢nøÉ…¢ml p§­œC
p¡¢q¢aÉ­Ll¡ flØf­ll ¢hl¦­Ü Aha£ZÑ qe HL q¡pÉLl fË¢a­k¡¢Na¡uz hý fË¡Q£eL¡m
­b­LC Q­m­R H dl­Zl q¡pÉLl fË¢a­k¡¢Na¡z NË£L e¡V­Ll C¢aq¡p ­b­L Bjl¡ S¡e­a
f¡¢l hɉl¢pL AÉ¡¢lø­g¢ep CE¢l¢f¢cp­L HL¡¢dL fËqp­el ¢hou£i¨a L­l­Rez Bh¡l
h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉl ¢c­L ­Q¡M l¡M­m Bjl¡ ­c¢M "R¥µR¾c¢l hd', "Be¾c ¢hc¡­ul' ja Hje
¢LR¥ NË¿Û l¢Qa q­u­R k¡­cl E­ŸnÉ jqv pª¢ø Hhw pËø¡l ­N±lh­L i¨m¤¢ãa Ll¡z H
dl­Zl fË­Qø¡­L flöl¡j LV¡r L­l­Re ay¡l p¡¢qaÉ J p¡¢q¢aÉL ¢houL NÒf…¢m­az
flöl¡­jl H dl­Zl NÒf qm "l¡jd­el °hl¡NÉ', "c¤C¢pwq', "h­VnÄ­ll Ahc¡e' fËi«¢az

"l¡jd­el °hl¡NÉ' N­Òf p¡¢qaÉ pËø¡l ­N±lh m¤ãeL¡l£­cl flöl¡j "p¡¢q¢aÉL'

…ä¡ ¢q­p­h BMÉ¡¢ua L­l­Rez l¡jde S¡­ee p¡¢q­aÉ B¢bÑL p¡gmÉ Bl ¢nÒfNa
p¡gmÉ HL ¢S¢ep euz ¢a¢e ¢nöf¡WÉ f¤Ù¹L, j¡¢LÑe ¢X­VL¢Vi NÒf J ¢h¢m¢a N­Òfl

160
Ae¤Ll­Z ­k hC…¢m ¢mM­me ­p…¢m h¡S¡­l c¡l¦Z L¡Vmz ¢L¿¹¥ l¡jde H­a p¿¹¥ø q­a
f¡l­me e¡z L¡lZ EµQ pj¡­S a¡l ¢LR¥C MÉ¡¢a qm e¡z a¡C ele¡l£l ­k±e pÇfLÑ­L
­L¾cÊ L­l HL EµQ¡‰ EfeÉ¡p lQe¡l f¢lLÒfe¡ Ll­mez NÒf¢V œ²jnx j¡¢pL f­œ
fËL¡¢na q­a m¡Nmz ¢L¿¹¥ Efpwq¡­l ­fy±R¡­e¡l f§­hÑC p¡¢q¢aÉL …ä¡­cl n¡p¡¢e­a a¡l
Hje AhÙÛ¡l pª¢ø qm ­k l¡jde ­mM¡­m¢M ­R­s ¢c­u ¢ho·¥fËu¡­N f¡¢m­u hy¡Q­mez

"à¡¢¾àL L¢ha¡' N­Òf f˵Ræ l­u­R qW¡v N¢S­u JW¡ L¢h J f¢œL¡ pÇf¡c­Ll
fË¢a LV¡rz HC pjÙ¹ L¢h­cl fË¢a flöl¡­jl hɉ ¢j¢nËa Ef­cn :
""Bl, L¢ha¡ ­mM¡ M¤h ­p¡S¡, ­cc¡l Q¥¢l Ll­h, JM¡e ­b­L HL m¡Ce,
HM¡e ­b­L HL m¡Ce ­e­h, a¡l p­‰ ¢e­Sl ¢LR¥ S¥­s ­c­hz HMe NcÉ L¢ha¡l
k¤N, ¢j­ml T•¡V ­eC, k¡ M¤¢n H­m¡­j­m¡ L­l p¡¢S­u ¢c­mC NcÉ L¢ha¡ q­u
k¡uz''78

­k p¡¢qaÉ f¢œL¡ EW¢a ­mML­cl fËL¡­nl j¡dÉj a¡ ­k M¤h pq­SC A­bÑl ¢h¢ej­u
BcnÑQɨ a q­u f­s a¡ Øfø L­l­Re flöl¡j H N­Òf :

""alZ£ hmm, B­l RÉ¡, H­L ¢L L¢ha¡ h­mz "J­N¡ Bj¡l hyd,§ a¥¢j X¥j¤l
g­ml jd¤!' HlLj ­p­L­m Ly¡Q¡ ­mM¡ R¡f­m Bj¡l f¢œL¡ ­LE fs­h e¡z

l­jn a¡l hE¢c¢cl p­‰ fl¡jnÑ L­l °a¢l q­uC ¢N­u¢Rmz hmm, BµR¡
alZ£, ­a¡j¡l f¢œL¡l m¡i La qu?

―m¡i ­L¡b¡u, HMeJ Ol ­b­L NµR¡ ¢c­a quz

―a­h h¢m ­n¡ez fË¢aj¡­p B¢j fy¡Q-RV¡ L¢ha¡ Beh, fË­aÉL¢V R¡fh¡l S­eÉ
fy¡Q V¡L¡ ¢q­p­h ­chz ay¡­a fy¢Qn―¢a¢ln V¡L¡ f¡­hz l¡S£ BR?

alZ£ ­pe hmm, a¡ j¾c ¢L, L¡N­Sl MlQV¡ ­a¡ EW­hz V¡L¡ ­f­m fË¢a
pwMÉ¡u cnV¡ L¢ha¡ R¡f­a l¡S£ B¢Rz ¢L¿¹¥ ­cM i¡C, ¢ea¡¿¹ l¡¢hn e¡ quz

―B­l e¡ e¡z nwLl£­ch£l e¡­j R¡f¡ q­h h­V ¢L¿¹¥ ­hn£li¡N Bj¡l hE¢c¢c
¢mM­hez ay¡l q¡a M¤h f¡L¡z''79

161
 "­fËj Qœ²' N­ÒfJ l­u­R qW¡v N¢S­u JW¡ f¢œL¡ pÇf¡c­Ll ¢hl¦­Ü a£hË
LV¡rz cra¡ J fË¢ai¡ e¡ b¡L¡ p­šÄJ A­e­L ýS¥­Nl h­n ea¥e ea¥e f¢œL¡ fËL¡n
L­l AbQ ¢LR¥¢c­el j­dÉC a¡ hå q­u k¡uz H dl­Zl fË­Qø¡­L ­mML LV¡r L­l­Re
"­fËjQœ²' N­Òfz ­kje HL¢V pwm¡­f ­c¢M :

""hˆ¡ hm­m―"­Ny¡f HMe b¡L¥Lz c¡J dy¡ L­l HL¢V NÒf ¢m­Mz HLV¡ j¡¢pL
f¢œL¡ h¡l L­l¢R "¢Ql¿¹¢e'z
"L j¡p h¡l q­h?'

"¢QlL¡mz H f¢œL¡ jl­h e¡, a¥¢j ­c­M ¢eJz cÙ¹l¥ ja H¢ØV­jV L­l BVO¡V
­hy­d e¡j¡ q­µRz fy¢QnSe e¡jS¡c¡ ­mM­Ll p­‰ LeVÊ¡ƒ L­l¢Rz fË¢a pwMÉ¡u
E¢enV¡ NÒf―fy¡QV¡ ­p¡S¡ ­fËj, cnV¡ hy¡L¡ ­fËj, Q¡l­V ­m¡j qoÑLz fËbj pwMÉ¡
fË¡u R¡f¡ q­u Hm, ­Lhm ­no gjÑ¡l ­mM¡V¡ ­k¡N¡s q­u J­W¢e, a¡C ­a¡j¡l
nlZ¡fæ q­u¢Rz c¡J QVÚfVÚ HLV¡ ¢m­Mz''80

(4) BcnÑh¡­cl hɉ¢Qœ ¢houL NÒf :

flöl¡j ay¡l ¢LR¥ N­Òf Ah¡Ù¹h BcnÑh¡­cl i¥­u¡ cnÑe­L LV¡r L­l­Rez
¢höÜ BcnÑh¡­cl fË¢a flöl¡­jl pjbÑe b¡L­mJ ¢a¢e ¢hnÄ¡p Ll­ae ­k Aå BcnÑh¡c
j¡e¤o­L °el¡­SÉl ¢c­L ­W­m ­cu, ­k BcnÑh¡­cl p­‰ h¡Ù¹­hl ­L¡e pw­k¡N ­eC ­pC
BcnÑh¡c QQÑ¡l f¢le¡j LM­e¡C p¤¤­Ml qu e¡z HC BcnÑh¡­cl QQÑ¡­L LV¡rh¡­Z ¢hÜ
L­l­Re ¢a¢ez "AVmh¡h¤l A¢¿¹j ¢Q¿¹¡', "paÉpå ¢he¡uL', "ih­a¡o W¡L¥l', "¢e¢dl¡­jl
¢ehÑå', "Aœ²¨l pwh¡c' J "¢p¢Üe¡­bl fËm¡f' fËi«¢a NÒf HC fkÑ¡­u f­sz
"AVmh¡h¤l A¢¿¹j ¢Q¿¹¡' N­Òf flöl¡j HlLjC pwnuh¡c£ BcnÑh¡­cl HL¢V
hɉQ¢Qœ f¢l­hne L­l­Re AVmh¡h¤ Q¢l­œl jdÉ ¢c­uz AVmh¡h¤ iš² ee, L¢h ee,
i¡h¤L ee, c¡nÑ¢eL ee, plm ¢hnÄ¡p£J eez ¢a¢e e¡e¡ ¢ho­u ­W¡Ll ­j­l­Re ¢L¿¹¥ ¢LR¥C
p¢WLi¡­h Buš Ll­a f¡­le¢ez ay¡l j§mde ¢L a¡C p¢WLi¡­h ¢a¢e S¡­ee e¡z m¡i
­m¡Lp¡­el ¢q­ph Ll­he ¢L L­l? a¡C a¡l jªaÉ¥l fl ­mM­Ll pq¡e¤i¨¢a ¢j¢nËa LV¡r:
""BÕQkÑ j¡e¤o, q¢le¡j eu, l¡jd¤e eu, a¡lL hËÇje¡j eu, ¢LR¥C öe­me e¡,
iâ­m¡L m¡i ­m¡Lp¡e Lo­a Lo­aC j­l­Rez ­h¡d qu ¢q­ph ­jm¡­a
f¡­le¢e, ­cM¤e e¡ ï¥ HLV¥ L¥Q­L l­u­Rz''81

162
 "paÉpå ¢he¡uL' N­Òf Ah¡Ù¹h BcnÑh¡­cl i¥­u¡ cnÑe­L flöl¡j LV¡r L­l­Re
¢he¡uL p¡j¿¹ Q¢l­œl jdÉ ¢c­uz AMÉ¡a q­mJ ­p Ap¡j¡eÉ, jq¡aÈ¡ N¡å£l jaC ­p
HL…­u paÉ¡NËq£ ¢Rmz öd¤ f¡bÑLÉ HC ­k N¡å£S£ AhÙÛ¡ h¤­T lg¡ Ll­a f¡l­ae, ¢L¿¹¥
¢he¡u­Ll ­aje h¤¢Ü ¢Rm e¡z ay¡l paa¡ ¢e­u LMeC L¡­l¡l j­e fËnÀ ­cM¡ ­cu¢ez
¢eiÑ­u p­aÉl fËQ¡l Ll­a ¢a¢e HL¢V ea¥e cm N­s ¢R­me "paÉpå pwO'z ¢L¿¹¥ ay¡l
HC fËnÀ a¡­nl O­ll jaC ­i­‰ ­Nmz kMe A¢Q­lC ay¡l c­ml cnSe pc­pÉl j­dÉ
p¡aSe f¡¢m­u ­Nmz Bp­m ü¡d£ea¡ flhaÑ£ i¡lah­oÑl ­k ea¥e l¡Se£¢al lw
­m­N¢Rm ­pM¡­e ¢he¡uL p¡j­¿¹l ja paÉh¡c£ j¡e¤­ol ­L¡e Wy¡C ­eCz l¡Se£¢a¢hc Hhw
p¡d¡lZ j¡e¤o pLm­LC NË¡p L­l¢Rm ¢e­Sl B­Ml ­N¡R¡­e¡l j¡e¢pLa¡z flöl¡j HC
ü¡bÑh¡c£ j¡e¢pLa¡l ül©f EcO¡Ve L­l­Re HL¢V L­b¡fLb­el jdÉ ¢c­u :
""¢he¡uL fËnÀ Llm c¡c¡ ¢L h­me?

c¡c¡ AbÑ¡v B¢j hmm¤j ­n¡e ¢he¡uL, HM¡­e k¡l¡ B—¡ ¢c­µRe Hyl¡
ph¡C Bj¡l A¿¹l‰ hå¥, Bl ­a¡jl¡J p¡d¤ p‹ez ­a¡j¡l jae B¢j f¤­l¡f¤¢l
paÉ på eC, ah¤J HC °hW­L j­el Lb¡ M¤­m hm­a Bf¢š ­eCz Bjl¡ q¢µR
pwp¡l£ ­m¡L, c¤¢eu¡l p­‰ lg¡ L­l Qm­a quz HC ­cM e¡, nË£k¤š² p¤¤d¡ ¢h¾c¥
e¾c£ ¢hd¡e pi¡u cy¡s¡­µRez ­m¡L¢V ­kje j¡a¡m ­aj¢e mÇfV, c¤­V¡
­M¡l­f¡­nl j¡jm¡ HMeJ T¥m­Rz ¢L¿¹¥ C¢e Bj¡l HLSe hs j­‚mz k¢c
­n¡­ee ­k B¢j ­a¡j¡­cl p¡q¡kÉ Ll¢R a­h Bj¡­L Bl ­Lp ­c­he e¡z
a¡lfl ¢jø¡l l¡d¡L¡¿¹ h¡p¤¤, ­m¡Lpi¡l LÉ¡¢ä­XVz ¢hMÉ¡a ­Q¡l Bl O¤o ­M¡lz
¢L¿¹¥ a¡l ­R­ml p­‰ Bj¡l ­R¡V ­j­ul ¢hh¡q ¢ÙÛl q­u­Rz HMe k¢c ­a¡j¡l
Lb¡ l¡¢M a­h Aje i¡­m¡ pðå¢V ­i­Ù¹ k¡­hz

¢he¡uL hmm ­S­e ö­e ­Q¡l O¤o ­M¡­ll ­R­ml p­‰ ¢e­Sl ­j­ul
¢h­u ­c­he?

―a¡­a r¢aV¡ ¢L, ­j­u ­a¡ p¤¤­M b¡L­hz a¡R¡s¡ Bj¡l ¢hu¡C ¢jø¡l h¡p¤¤ ­Q¡l h­m
Bj¡l S¡j¡CJ ­k ­Q¡l q­h Hje Lb¡ p¡­u¾p h­m e¡, Bh¡l ­cM, Bj¡l hs ­R­mV¡
­L¡e N¢a­L Hj. H. f¡p L­l ­hL¡l h­p B­Rz Bl Lj­lX­cl f¡õ¡u f­s ¢hN­l
k¡­µRz a¡l HLV¡ i¡­m¡ ­f¡­øl S­eÉ nË£ ¢eh¡lZ£ m¡m f¡Q¡s£ ­Qø¡ Ll­Rez Bj¡l ¢h¢nø

163
hå¥ ¢L¿¹¥ Q¥¢V­u L¡­m¡h¡S¡l Q¡m¡e Bl f¡¢LÙÛ¡­e Q¡m BV¡ ­am L¡fs f¡Q¡l L­lez
a¥¢j ¢L hm­a Q¡J a¡­L Q¢V­u ¢c­u Bj¡l ­R­ml i¢hoÉv eø Llh?''82

"¢e¢dl¡­jl ¢ehÑå' N­Òf ¢e¢dl¡j plL¡l HlLjC HL¢V pwnuh¡c£ Q¢lœz ­p

pµQ¢lœ h¤¢Üj¡e ­cn¢q°ao£ ­m¡L, ¢L¿¹¥ AaÉ¿¹ My¥a M¤y­az ¢a¢e ¢ÙÛl Ll­a f¡­le e¡ ―
p¤¤­le hy¡s¥­kÉ e¡ ¢h¢fe f¡m, ­h‰¢m e¡ Cw¢mnjÉ¡e―L¡l Ef­cn i¡m? N¡å£S£ e¡
­cnhå¥, ­ea¡S£ e¡ f¢ävS£―L¡l j­a Qm¡ E¢Qv? Lw­NËn, ¢q¾c¥ jq¡pi¡ Bl pj¡Sa¿»£
cm ­L¡eJV¡C a¡l fR¾c qu¢ez ­c­nl ¢qa¡­bÑ ¢a¢e hš²«a¡ ­ce¢e, ­R­m ­Mf¡e¢e,
X¡L¡¢a L­le¢e, p¤¤a¡ L¡­Ve¢e, ­S­m k¡e¢e, öd¤ j­e j­e j‰­ml fb My¥­S­Rez Ah­n­o
°el¡nÉ Bl ¢Q¿¹¡¢h­o SSÑ¢la q­u ­cqaÉ¡N Ll­mez HlLj p­¾cq¡L¥m LjÑ¢hj¤M Q¢l­œl
fË¢a flöl¡j h¡l h¡l pq¡e¤i¨¢a ¢j¢nËa hɉh¡Z ¢e­rf L­l­Re, k¡l j§m E­ŸnÉ ¢Rm
pw­n¡dez ¢e¢dl¡­jl fË¢aJ a¡l HLC j­e¡i¡h L¡S L­l­Rz a¡C fl­m¡­L Bp¡l fl
¢hd¡a¡ ¢e¢dl¡j­L h­m­R :
""a¥¢j fª¢bh£­a ¢g­l k¡J, S¡¢anÄl e¡ q­mJ ­a¡j¡l p¢cµR¡l pwú¡l
b¡L­hz h¡mL ¢L­n¡l Bl k¤hL­cl a¥¢j p¤¤j¿»Z¡ ¢cJz

―B¢j HL¢V j¿»Z¡C S¡¢e―B­N ¢heu J ¢nr¡ a¡lfl LjÑfbz

―­hn ­a¡, JC j¿»Z¡C ¢cJz

―Bj¡l Lb¡u ­LE k¢c L¡e e¡ ­cu ?

―­a¡j¡l Q¡C­a k¡l¡ ­Yl hs Aha¡l ay¡­cl Lb¡J pL­m ­n¡­e¢ez a¥¢j
kb¡p¡dÉ ­Qø¡ L'­l¡, a¡­aC ­a¡j¡l SeÈ p¡bÑL q­hz HLh¡­l ¢LR¥ Ll­a e¡
f¡l­m h¡l h¡l AhalZ L'­l¡z k¢c Ae¿¹L¡­mJ ¢LR¥ Ll­a e¡ f¡l a¡ q­mJ
¢hnÄhËÇj¡­äl r¢a q­h e¡z''83

pwnuh¡c£ BcnÑh¡c­L ­L¾cÊ L­l flöl¡­jl BlJ HL¢V NÒf qm "Aœ²¥l

pwh¡c'z k¢cJ H N­Òfl fË¢a­hce ¢e¢dl¡­jl N­Òfl ­b­L BlJ HLd¡f H¢N­uz Aœ²¥l
¢hh¡q L­le¢ez ¢a¢e j­e L­le c¡ÇfaÉ q­µR ¢ae lLj―HL eðl, k¡­a ü¡j£l h­n Ù»£
Q­m, ­kje N¡å£-LÙ¹¥lh¡z c¤ eðl, k¡­a ü¡j£C q­µR Ù»£l hn, ­kje S¡q¡‰£l-e¤lS¡q¡ez
¢ae eðl, k¡­a ü¡j£ Ù»£ ¢LR¥ j¡œ lg¡ e¡ L­l ¢e­Sl ¢e­Sl ja Q­m, AbÑ¡v HL…y­uz

164
Aœ²¥lh¡h¤ ¢ae dl­Zl c¡ÇfaÉC fkÑ­hrZ Ll¡l ­Qø¡ Ll­mez ¢L¿¹¥ ­L¡eV¡­aC ¢a¢e p¿¹¥ø
q­a f¡­le¢ez a¡C ¢h­u Ll¡V¡J ­no fkÑ¿¹ a¡l q­u J­W e¡z N­Òfl ­n­o H dl­Zl
j¡e¢pLa¡­L ¢al×L¡l Ll¡ q­u­R :
""­cM¤e Aœ²¥lh¡h¤, Bfe¡l Jfl Bj¡l Ap£j nËÜ¡ l­u­Rz k¡ hm¢R a¡­a
­c¡o ­e­he e¡z B¢j p¡j¡eÉ ­m¡L, nl£l h¡ j­el aaÆ ¢LR¥C S¡¢e e¡z ¢L¿¹¥
Bj¡l j­e qu ­k Bf¢e ­k f¤w ql­j¡­el Lb¡ hm­Re a¡ q­lL lLj
B­R―HLV¡­a cy¡¢s NS¡u, Bl HL¢V­a Ny¥¢a­u ­ch¡l AbÑ¡v Bœ²j­el n¢š²
B­p, Bl HLV¡­a plc¡l£ Llh¡l fËhª¢š quz a¡ R¡s¡ B­lL¢V B­R k¡ ­b­L
­fË­jl Evf¢š quz ­h¡d q­µR Bfe¡l ­p¢Vl ¢L¢’v Ai¡h B­Rz Bf¢e ­L¡e
¢h­no‘ X¡š²¡­ll p­‰ fl¡jnÑ Ll¦ez''84
"Aœ²¥l pwh¡c' NÒf¢V­L flöl¡j BcÉ¿¹ HL¢V q¡pÉl­pl NÒf L­l
a¥­m­Rez H q¡pÉlp pª¢ø q­u­R j§max pwm¡­fl j¡dÉ­j z ­kje Aœ²¥l-Hl j¿¹hÉ :
""B¢j ­hL¡l Amp ­m¡L eC, ¢cel¡a N­hoZ¡ L¢l ¢L­p j¡e¤­ol h¤¢Ü h¡s­h,
pj¡­Sl pwú¡l q­hz ¢L¿¹¥ j¤n¢Lm ¢L S¡­ee? B¢j c¤n hvpl B­N S­eÈ¢R,
HMeL¡l ­m¡­L Bj¡l ¢bJ¢l h¤T­aC f¡­l e¡z''85

c¤d M¡u ¢Le¡ ¢S­‘p Ll­m Aœ²¥l h­m :

""a¡ M¡C, ¢L¿¹¥ h¡R¥l­L h¢’a L¢l e¡z h¡¢s­a ¢ae­V Nl¦ B­R, h¡R¥­ll
SeÉ k­bø c¤d ­l­M h¡¢LV¡ ¢e­S M¡Cz''

j­e l¡M­a q­h flöl¡j ay¡l q¡pÉl­pl NÒf…¢m ¢eRL q¡pÉlp pª¢ø Ll¡l SeÉC lQe¡
L­le¢ez phpjuC ­p NÒf…¢ml j­dÉ f˵Ræ ­b­L­R HL¢V pj¡S p­Qae cª¢øi‰£z a¡C
¢gmS¢gl AdÉ¡fL kMe j¿¹hÉ L­l :
""Bj¡l ¢hcÉ¡-h¤¢Ü A¢a p¡j¡eÉz f¤l¦a ­kje L­l kSj¡e­cl j¿» fs¡u
B¢j ­aje L­l R¡œ­cl fs¡Cz ¢e­SJ ¢LR¥ h¤¢T e¡, a¡l¡J ¢LR¥ ­h¡­T e¡z''86

aMe pjp¡j¢uL ¢nr¡ hÉhÙÛ¡l Ap‰¢al ¢cL Bjl¡ Øføi¡­hC Efm¢ì Ll­a f¡¢lz

pj¡­m¡QL p¤¤­h¡dQ¾cÊ ­pe…ç "¢p¢Üe¡­bl fËm¡f' NÒf¢V­L EµQ¡­‰l pÉ¡V¡u¡l h­m

A¢i¢qa L­l­Rez NÒf¢V­L flöl¡j kaC "fËm¡f' Abh¡ NÒfLÒf h­m A¢i¢qa Ll¦e
e¡ ­Le flöl¡­jl a£rÁ cª¢øi‰£l f¢lQu l­u­R H­az ¢p¢Üe¡b lje£l fËp¡deLm¡l

165
Evf¢š lqpÉ­L QjvL¡li¡­h EcO¡Ve L­l­Re ay¡l fËm¡­fl jdÉ ¢c­uz BS­L ­k
Amˆ¡l e¡l£l ­p±¾c­kÑl BLl ¢q­p­h ¢Q¢q²a qu ­pC Amˆ¡l B¢cjL¡­m ¢Rm håe
¢ekÑ¡a­el fËa£Lz B¢cjL¡­m kMe Nª¢qZ£ pqSmiÉ ¢Rm e¡, aMe a¡­L ­f¡o j¡e¡­a
A­eL ­hN ­f­a q­u¢Rm f¤l¦o­Lz ¢p¢Üe¡b hZÑe¡ L­l­Re, f¤l¦­ol a¡l¡ ­M­u :
""­j­uV¡ j¤M b¤h­s fsm, Lf¡m ­g­V lš² fs­a m¡Nmz a¡lfl a¡­L Ly¡­d
a¥­m ¢e­u ­m¡LV¡ ¢e­Sl BÙ¹e¡u Hm Hhw e¡­L ­h­al Bw¢V f¢l­u a¡­a
c¢s m¡¢N­u HLV¡ M¤y¢Vl p­‰ ­hy­d ­gm­mz HC lLj B­øfª­ø hå­el fl œ²­j
œ²­j ­j­uV¡ ­f¡o j¡em, ü¡j£l Jfl i¡­m¡h¡p¡J qmz AÒfL¡­ml j­dÉC pLm
­j­ul d¡lZ¡ qm ­k ¢ekÑ¡a­el ¢Qq²C q­µR Amˆ¡l Bl ­p±i¡NÉha£l mrZz''87

HMeL¡l fËp¡d­el l£¢a Bl Nqe¡l Ry¡­cJ l­u­R ­pC hhÑa¡l R¡fz BS k¡

¢pyc¤l a¡ ¢Rm Lf¡­ml lš², Bma¡ ¢Rm f¡­ul lš²z f¤­hÑ k¡ hE hy¡dh¡l BwV¡, Ls¡
Bl ­h¢l ¢Rm, BS a¡ eb j¡L¢s q¡l h¡m¡ J jm ¢q­p­h A¢ie¢¾ca quz ¢p¢Üe¡b
a¡l HC fË¢a­hc­el jdÉ ¢c­u f¤l¦o S¡a£l ­nËùaÆ fË¢af¡ce Ll­mJ hÉ¢š²Na S£h­e
¢L¿¹¥ e¡l£l hnÉa¡ ü£L¡l L­l ¢e­u­Rez HC °hfl£aÉC NÒf¢V­L plp L­l a¥­m­Rz

(5) A¢afË¡L«a J ­i±¢aL NÒf :

flöl¡­jl Hje La…¢m NÒf B­R ­k…¢m l¢Qa q­u­R EáV J AfË¡L«a
f¢l­hn­L Ahmðe L­lz HC NÒf…¢m qm "j­q­nl jq¡k¡œ¡', "i¨nä£l j¡­W', "hce
­Q±d¤l£l ­n¡Lpi¡', "SV¡dl h„£', "¢nh¡j¤M£ ¢Qj­V' fËi«¢az HC NÒf…¢ml ­L¡e¢V­a ­mML
i¨a­fË­al e¡e¡ A­m±¢LL ¢œ²u¡Lm¡f­L Ahmðe L­l­Re, Bh¡l ­L¡e¢V­a EáV L¡¢q¢e
NÒf ¢ho­u k¤š² L­l­Rez H NÒf…¢m fËp­‰ X. A¢SaL¥j¡l ­O¡o h­m­Re :

"" ­mM­Ll EhÑl Eá¡he£ n¢š² qC­a Hje BaÉ¢¿¹L EáV OVe¡l Evf¢š
qCu¡­R ­k…¢m Bj¡­cl h¤¢Ü J ¢hnÄ¡­pl Efl Aa¢LÑa l©t BO¡a q¡¢eu¡
Bj¡­cl AcjÉ ­L±a¥Lhª¢š­L ALØj¡v Eš¢Sa L¢lu¡ ­a¡­mz''88

―H NÒf…¢ml j­dÉ Aá¨a J AfË¡L«a SNv­L f¡n¡f¡¢n ­l­M ­L±a¥­Ll Bhq ¢ejÑ¡Z
L­l­Re ­mMLz

166
 Bp­m flöl¡j mr L­l­Re e¡e¡ A­m±¢LL pwú¡l S¡¢al S£h­e L£i¡­h
B­øfª­ø S¢s­u B­Rz HC A­m±¢LL ¢hnÄ¡­pl p§œ d­lC j¡e¤­ol j­e h¡p¡ ­h­d­R i¨a-
­fË­a ¢hnÄ¡p J p¡d¤ pæÉ¡p£l Efl Aå i¢š²z HLV¥ a¢m­u ­cM­m ­cM¡ k¡u HC
A­m±¢LL pwú¡l ­L¡b¡J j¡e¤­ol Efl j¡e¤­olC AaÉ¡Q¡­ll AÙ» ¢q­p­h hÉhq©a q­u­Rz
Bh¡l ­L¡b¡J a¡ q­u­R AbÑ Ef¡SÑ­el AÙ»z ­j¡Ÿ¡Lb¡ k¤Nk¤N d­l HC A­m±¢LL pwú¡l
S¡¢al Eæ¢al f­b h¡d¡ q­u cy¡¢s­u­Rz "S¡¢a Q¢lœ' fËh­å a¡C l¡S­nMl h­me :
"" Bjl¡ djÑfË¡Z S¡¢a h­m NhÑ L¢l, ¢L¿¹¥ Bj¡­cl d­jÑl AbÑ fËd¡ea h¡qÉ
Ae¤ù¡e, e¡e¡ lLj A­m±¢LL n¢š²­a ¢hnÄ¡p Hhw i¢š²l QQÑ¡z AbÑ¡v f¤­l¡¢qa
j¡lga f§S¡, LhQ-j¡c¤¢m, Bl k¢c i¢š² b¡­L a­h Cø ­cha¡l
Bl¡de¡z...­ef¡mh¡h¡l °ch Ko­dl ­m¡­i ApwMÉ ­m¡­Ll Lø­i¡N Bl L¥ñ-pÀ¡e
f¤­ZÉl c¤hÑ¡l BLoÑ­Z hý ­m¡­Ll fË¡Zq¡¢Z HC ­j¡­ql gmz''89
öd¤ A¢n¢ra j¡e¤o eu ¢n¢ra j¡e¤­ol j­dÉJ HC A­m±¢LL pwú¡l pj¡ei¡­h h¡p¡ ­h­d
B­Rz HC A­m±¢LL pwú¡l aÉ¡N e¡ Ll­m S¡¢al Eæ¢a pñh euz H SeÉ fË­u¡Se
°h‘¡¢eL h¤¢Ülz flöl¡j ¢hnÄ¡p L­le :
""SN­al ¢n¢ra Se k¢c pLm ­r­œ HC fËL¡l Ec¡l °h‘¡¢eL h¤¢Ü
fË­u¡N Ll­a ­n­Me a­h ­Lhm p¡d¡lZ ï¡¿¹ pwú¡l c§l q­h e¡, djÑ¡åa¡ J
l¡Se£¢aL pwO­oÑlJ Ahp¡e q­hz''90
HC j¡e¢pLa¡ ­b­LC flöl¡j j¡e¤­ol Aå ¢hnÄ¡p­L J A­m±¢LL pwú¡l­L hɉ L­l­Re
ay¡l ¢h¢iæ ­R¡VN­Òfz
HC ­nË¢Zl NÒf…¢ml j­dÉ fËb­jC E­õM Ll­a qu "i¨nä£l j¡­W' NÒf¢Vl Lb¡z
"i¨nä£l j¡­W' N­Òf flöl¡j ­k A­m±¢LL i¨a¥­s L¡¢q¢e ¢ejÑ¡e L­l­Rez i¨nä£l j¡­W
¢ae¢V ­fËa¡aÈ¡l pj¡­hn O­V­Rz HC ¢ae¢V ­fËa¡aÈ¡ qm―¢nh¤ i–¡Q¡kÑ, L¡¢lu¡ ¢f­la
J e­clQy¡c j¢õLz Hl¡ hËÇj°caÉ, ­L­mi¨a J kr l©­f kb¡œ²­j ­hmN¡R, a¡m N¡R J
Cy­Vl fy¡Sl¡l e£­Q p§rÈ nl£­l h¡p¡ ­hy­d­Rz f¡¢bÑh S£h­e H­cl L¡­l¡lC f¡¢lh¡¢lL
S£he p¤¤­Ml ¢Rm e¡z ¢nh¤l Ù»£ eªaÉL¡m£ ¢Rm AaÉ¿¹ j¤Ml¡, p¡j¡eÉ My¥¢Ve¡¢V ¢e­u ü¡j£
Ù»£­a a¥j¤m TNs¡ ­m­NC b¡Laz L¡¢lu¡ ¢f­l­al Ù»£ j¤w¢l AaÉ¿¹ j¤Ml¡ J hc­jS¡S£,
a¡­cl j­dÉ h¢ehe¡ LMeC qa e¡z Bl e­clQy¡­cl ¢Næ£ ¢Rm AaÉ¿¹ M¡ä¡l fËL«¢alz
f¡¢lh¡¢lL S£h­el Qlj An¡¢¿¹C a¡­cl­L AL¡­m Cq­m¡L R¡s­a h¡dÉ L­l¢Rmz H­cl
Aa«ç BaÈ¡C HMe H­p BnËu ¢e­u­R i¨nä£l j¡­Wz HC ¢ae¢V ­fËa¡aÈ¡ R¡s¡J i¨nä£l

167
j¡­W BnËu ¢e­u­R B­l¡ ¢ae¢V ­fËa¡aÈ¡―Hl¡ qm ­faÀ£, ny¡LQ¥æ£ J X¡¢Le£z H­cl
¢aeSe­LC hËÇj°caÉl©f£ ¢nh¤l j­e d­l­Rz a­h H­cl j­dÉ X¡¢Le£¢V­LC a¡l ph­b­L
fR¾cz ­i±¢aL fÜ¢a­a a¡­cl j­dÉ ¢hh¡q ¢e×fæ quz ¢hh¡­ql fl X¡¢Le£ ­O¡jV¡
pl¡­aC ¢nh¤ qaið q­u k¡u :
""AÉ¡! a¥¢j ­eaÉ''―

Sh¡h Hm―""qyÉ¡­l ¢jeÚ­pz j­e L­l¢Rm j'­l Bj¡l Lhm ­b­L hy¡Q­hz
­faÀ£ n¡yL Q¥æ£l ¢fR¥ ¢fR¥ O¤l­a hs jS¡, e¡?''

C¢aj­dÉ ­faÀ£ ny¡LQ¥æ£J Hmz ü¡j£­aÆl c¡h£ ¢e­u a¡­cl j­dÉ öl¦ qm a£hË
­N¡m­k¡N J h¡c¡e¤h¡c―

""­faÀ£z Bj¡l ­p¡u¡j£ ­a¡­L ­Le ­ch m¡?

ny¡LQ¥æ£z B js h¤¢s, J ­k ­a¡l e¡¢al hup£z

­faÀ£z Bq¡ ¢L Bj¡l L­e hEN¡!

ny¡LQ¥æ£z c§l ­j­R¡ faÀ£, B¢j ­k Jl c¤ SeÈ B­NL¡l hEz

­faÀ£z c§l ­N¡hlQ¥æ£, B¢j ­k Jl ¢ae SeÈ B­NL¡l hEz''

ny¡LQ¥æ£z jl ­Qy¢Q­u, J¢c­L X¡C¢e j¡N£ ¢jeÚ­p­L ¢e­u Ed¡J q'Lz

aMe ­faÀ£ ¢hs ¢hs L¢lu¡ j¿» f¢su¡ BNs hå L¢lu¡ h¢mm―"B­N ­a¡l
O¡s jVL¡h a¡lfl X¡C¢e ­h¢V­L M¡hz'

L¡js¡ L¡j¢s Q¥mQ¥¢m Blñ qCmz HL¡ eªaÉ L¡m£­aC lr¡ e¡C a¡q¡l Efl
f§hÑae c¤C S­eÈl BlJ c¤C faÀ£ q¡¢Slz ¢nh¤ q¡­a fCa¡ Sl¡Cu¡ Cøj¿»
k¢f­a m¡¢Nmz''91

―eªaÉL¡m£lJ ¢ae S­eÈl ¢ae ü¡j£ q¡¢Slz kr a¡­L ­c­MC hm­me―""H ¢L, ¢Næ£!
HM¡­e? ­hÇjc¢aÉV¡l p­‰! ¢R! ¢R!―m‹¡l j¡b¡ ­M­uR?'' X¡¢Le£ ­O¡jV¡ V¡¢eu¡ L¡W
qCu¡ h¢pu¡ l¢qmz

L¡¢lu¡ ¢f­la h¢mm―"B­l j¤w¢l, ­a¡ql nlj e¡¢q h¡?'92

168
¢nh¤l ¢ae S­eÈl ¢ae Ù»£ Hhw eªaÉ L¡m£l ¢aeSe ü¡j£l Xhm œÉqØfnÑ­k¡­N i¨nä£l
j¡W S­j EWmz

"i¨nä£l j¡­W' N­Òf ­k ­i±¢aL SN­al ¢Qœ flöl¡j Bj¡­cl Efq¡l ¢c­u­Re
a¡ Bj¡­cl HL Ae¡¢hm q¡pÉl­pl SN­a ¢e­u k¡uz i¨a­cl ¢œ²u¡Lm¡­f, Lb¡h¡aÑ¡u,
j¡e¢hL BQlZ k¤š² L­l flöl¡j ­k q¡pÉl­pl SNv N­s a¥­m­Re a¡ HL Lb¡u
AehcÉz p§rÈ nl£­l AhÙÛ¡e Ll­mJ HC i¨­al¡ a¡j¡L M¡u, N‰¡ pÀ¡e L­l, ­fËa p¤¤mi
e¡¢L p¤¤­l N¡e h¡Se¡ L­l Hje¢L ­MS¥­ll X¡m ¢c­u ­l¡u¡L Ty¡V ­cuz öd¤ a¡C eu ­fËj
i¡­m¡h¡p¡J a¡­cl j­dÉ Ef¢ÙÛaz a¡­cl flØf­ll j­dÉ Lb¡h¡aÑ¡…¢m j¡e¢hL BQl­Z
f¢lf§ZÑ k¡ k­bø ­L±a¥LLlz Bl Hl j­dÉ flöl¡j j¡e¤­ol c¡ÇfaÉ S£h­el AbÑq£e
Lmq­L LV¡r L­l­Rez

i¨a­fË­a ¢hnÄ¡p-A¢hnÄ¡p ¢e­u flöl¡­jl HL¢V jqv pª¢ø "j­q­nl jq¡k¡œ¡'

NÒf¢Vz A­ˆl AdÉ¡fL j­qn ¢j¢šl, ¢gmp¢gl AdÉ¡fL q¢le¡b L¥ä¥z a¡l¡ c¤S­e A¿¹l‰
hå¥ q­mJ i¨a, ­fË­al hÉ¡f¡­l a¡l¡ ¢iæ ja ­f¡oZ Ll­aez j­qn ¢j¢šl i¨a ­fË­a
¢hnÄ¡p Ll­ae e¡ ¢L¿¹¥ q¢le¡b L¥ä¥l i¨a ­fË­a ¢Rm AN¡d ¢hnÄ¡pz HC ¢ho­u c¤S­el
j­dÉ aLÑ-¢haLÑ ­m­NC b¡Laz j­qn ¢j¢šl Aˆ L­o h¤¢T­u ¢c­me ­k i¨a-­fËa h­m
­L¡e hÙ¹¥ fª¢bh£­a ­eCz ¢L¿¹¥ q¢le¡b L¥ä¥ a¡l ¢hnÄ¡­p Aesz a¡l ¢hnÄ­pl fËj¡Z ­cJu¡l
SeÉ HL ¢nh Qa¥cÑn£l l¡¢œ­a l¡a h¡­l¡V¡u j¡¢eLam¡l nÈn¡­e j­qn­L ¢e­u ­N­mez
pjÙ¹ ¢eÙ¹ì, ­Lhm j¡­T j¡­T fyÉ¡Q¡l X¡L ­n¡e¡ k¡­µR :

""qW¡v HLV¡ ¢hLV BJu¡S ­n¡e¡ ­Nm, ­ke ­L¡e Anl£l£ ­hs¡m a¡l
fm¡aL¡ fËZuZ£­L BL¥m BqÄ¡e Ll­Rz HLV¥ f­lC j­qnh¡h¤ ­l¡j¡¢’a q­u
­cM­me, HLV¡ mð¡ ­l¡N¡ L¥QL¥­Q L¡m j§¢aÑ c¤-q¡a a¥­m p¡j­e cy¡¢s­u B­Rz
a¡l ¢fR­e HLV¥ c§­l IlLj BlJ c¤­V¡z

q¢le¡bh¡h¤ blbl L­l L¡f­a Ly¡f­a hm­me―"l¡j l¡j p£a¡l¡jz J

j­qn, ­cMR ¢L, a¥¢jJ hm e¡z'

Bl HLV¥ q­mC j­qnh¡h¤ l¡je¡b EµQ¡lZ L­l ­gm­ae, ¢L¿¹¥ a¡l Le­p¾p h¡d¡
¢c­u hmm : "Eyý, HLV¥ ph¤l Ll, k¢c O¡l jVL¡h¡l mrÈZ ­cM aMe e¡ qu l¡j e¡j
Ll¡ k¡­hz'

169
 Hyl¡ HLV¡ f¡L¥s N¡­Rl e£­Q ¢R­mez qW¡v Jfl ­b­L M¡¢eLV¡ L¡c¡ ­N¡m¡ Sm
j­q­nl j¡b¡u H­p fsmz

aMe p¡j­el ­pC L¡­m¡ j§¢aÑV¡ e¡L£ p¤¤­l hm­m―"j­qnh¡h¤ Bf¢e e¡¢L i¨a
j¡­ee e¡?

H AhÙÛ¡u h¤¢Üj¡e hÉ¢š² j¡­œC h­m b¡­Le―B­‘ qyÉ¡, j¡¢e hC ¢Lz ¢L¿¹¥
j­qn ¢j¢šl ­hu¡s¡ ­m¡L, qW¡v ay¡l ­Lje HLV¡ ­Mu¡m qm, dy¡ L­l H¢N­u ¢N­u i¨y­al
Ly¡d M¡j­Q d'­l ¢S‘¡p¡ Ll­me "­L¡e LÓ¡p ?'

i¨a baja ­M­u Sh¡h ¢c­m―"­p­Lä Cu¡l p¡l!'

­l¡m eðl La?'

i¨a Ll¦Z eu­e q¢le¡­bl ¢c­L ­Q­u ¢S­‘p Ll­m―"h¢m p¡l ?'

q¢le¡­bl j¤­M l¡j e¡j ¢iæ Lb¡ ­eCz ¢fR­el c¤­V¡ i¨a AcªnÉ q­u
­Nmz f¡L¥s N¡­R ­k ¢Rm ­p V¥f L­l ­e­j H­p f¡¢m­u ­Nmz aMe ­hN¢aL
93
­c­M p¡j­el i¨a¢V Ty¡L¥¢e ¢c­u j­q­nl q¡a R¡¢s­u ­Qy¡Q¡ ­c±s j¡l­mz''

―Hlfl i¨­al Ae¢Ù¹aÆ pÇf­LÑ j­qn ¢j¢š­ll ¢hnÄ¡p BlJ cªt qmz ­pC ¢hnÄ¡p ¢e­uC
¢a¢e j¡l¡ ­N­mez ay¡l nÈn¡ek¡œ£ q¢le¡b ­cM­a ­f­me R¥V¿¹ nh hqeL¡l£ M¡¢Vu¡l Efl
jªa j­qn My¡s¡ q­u cy¡¢s­u­Rz q¢le¡­bl L¡­e dÆ¢ea q­a b¡Lm j­q­nl ¢QvL¡l, "J
q¢le¡b B­R, B­R ph B­R, ph p¢aÉ―'''94

Bp­m k¤¢š²h¡c£ je kaC p­N±l­h i¨­al Ae¢Ù¹aÆ fËj¡Z Ll­a Q¡L Bj¡­cl
A¿¹­l ­k HL¢V pwnuh¡c£ je l­u­R a¡­L Bjl¡ Aü£L¡l Ll­a f¡¢l e¡z k¤N k¤N d­l
j¡e¤o HC pwú¡lh¡c£ j­el c¡pz a¡C S£¢ha j­qn k¡ ¢hnÄ¡p L­le ¢e jªa j­qn a¡C
­O¡oZ¡ L­l ­N­mez

A¢afË¡L«­al Bi¡pk¤š² B­lL¢V NÒf "hce ­Q±d¤l£l ­n¡Lpi¡'z ­i±¢aL hÉ¡f¡l

NÒf¢V­a b¡L­mJ NÒf¢V­L i¨­al NÒf hm¡ k¡u e¡z pj¡­Sl c¤eÑ£¢afl¡uZ j¡e¤o­L hɉ
Ll¡C H N­Òfl E­ŸnÉz hce ­Q±d¤l£l jªaÉ¥l fl a¡l Ae¤l¡N£l¡ ­k ­n¡Lpi¡l B­u¡Se
L­l­R a¡ ¢e­S ­Q¡­M ­cMh¡l SeÉ hce ­Q±d¤l£l ­fËa¡aÈ¡ a¡l p§rÈ nl£l ¢e­u kjl¡­Sl
Ae¤j¢a ¢e­u ­pC pi¡u H­mez a¡l ­fR­e ­fR­e HLCi¡­h ­pM¡­e H­me a¡l f¤l¡­e¡

170
nœ¥ jªa OenÉ¡jz c¤S­elC el­L Wy¡C q­u­Rz ­p pi¡l pL­mC ¢e­S­cl hš²«a¡u hce
­Q±d¤l£­L HLSe jq¡f¤l¦o ¢q­p­h A¢i¢qa Ll­mez hce ­Q±d¤l£­L ¢e­u HC fËn¢Ù¹
OenÉ¡­jl pqÉ qm e¡z ­Lee¡ ¢a¢e hce­Q±d¤l£l pjÙ¹ L¥L£¢aÑ S¡­eez a¡l p§rÈ nl£l
a¡C fËd¡e hš²¡ ­N¡hdÑe h¡h¤l jl­j fË­hn L­l hce­Q±d¤l£l pjÙ¹ L¥L£¢aÑ fËL¡n L­l
¢c­mez hce ­Q±d¤l£J Q¥f L­l b¡L­me e¡z ¢a¢e pi¡f¢a AdÉ¡fL B¢‰lp N¡‰¥m£l
nl£­l is Ll­me Hhw OenÉ¡j­L HL q¡a ¢e­mez

(6) ­l¡j¡¾p-l¢pLa¡f§ZÑ NÒf :

flöl¡­jl Hje ¢LR¥ NÒf l­u­R ­k…¢m ­fË­jl ØfnÑkš
¤ ²z a­h q¡¢p HM¡­eJ
Ef¢ÙÛaz flöl¡­jl ¢h­no L«¢aaÆ H NÒf…¢m­a dl¡ f­s­Rz p¡d¡lZi¡­h ¢k¢e q¡¢pl
NÒf ­mML ¢a¢e ­fËj ­b­L HLV¥ c§­lC AhÙÛ¡e L­lez Hl L¡lZ p¤¤¾cli¡­h E­õM
L­l­Re fËje¡b ¢hn£ :
""hɉ ­mM­Ll Lm­jl p­‰ ­fË­jl hs Bs¡B¢s, c¤­u ­j­m e¡, ¢Lwh¡ ¢jm­a
­N­mJ a£rÁ Lm­jl ­W¡L­l ­fË­j ¢hL«¢a O­V k¡uz p¤¤CgV, h¡ZÑ¡X n J im­Vu¡l jq¡
fË¢ai¡h¡e hÉ¢š² qJu¡ p­šÄJ jd¤l l­pl L¡¢q¢e ¢mM­a f¡­le¢ez Hje ­Le qu pq­SC
Ae¤­juz hÉ­‰l ­Q¡M üi¡haC S£h­el Af§ZÑa¡l ¢c­L ¢ehÜ Bl ­fË­j ­kje S£h­el
f§ZÑa¡l f¢lQu Hje Bl ¢L­p? J c¤­u d­jÑl j§mNa fË­icz AeÉ f­r ¢m¢lL L¢h, ­fËj
k¡­cl fËd¡e EfS£hÉ a¡­cl q¡­al hÉ­‰l Lm­jl N¢a hs p¤¤ù¥ euz ­nm£, Ju¡XÑpJu¡bÑ,
lh£¾cÊe¡b Hl Ec¡qlZz hÉ¢aœ²j h¡ulZ J q¡u­ez L£Vp pð­å ¢eÕQu L­l ¢LR¥ hm¡ k¡u
e¡, L¡­hÉl ­L¡e ­r­œ a¡l fË­hn Ae¢dL¡l ¢Rm Hje j­e qu e¡z''95
flöl¡jJ ay¡l jqv fË¢ai¡l à¡l¡ Aá¥ai¡­h ay¡l hɉ cª¢øl p­‰ ­fËj­L k¤š²
Ll­a ­f­l­Rez ­l¡j¡­¾pl l¢‰e Qnj¡u H NÒf…¢m el-e¡l£l ­fË­j l¢‰e q­u J­W¢ez
flöl¡­jl h¤¢Üc£ç i¡he¡u Bd¤¢eL ­fË­jl ül©f EcO¡¢Va q­u­R H NÒf…¢m­az
"f¤e¢jÑme', "E­f¢ra¡', "­fËjQœ²', "e£ma¡l¡',"¢a­m¡šj¡', "¢a¢l ­Q±d¤l£', "à¡¢¾àL L¢ha¡',
"Be¾c£h¡D', "l¡S j¢qo£', "¢Q¢W h¡S£', "k­n¡ja£', "Suq¢ll ­ShË¡' fËi«¢a NÒf HC
­nËZ£l A¿¹iѨš²z
Bd¤¢eLL¡­m ­l¡j¡¾p ­k La p¡S¡­e¡ hÉ¡f¡l a¡ Øfø q­u­R "E­f¢ra¡'
NÒf¢V­az e¡¢uL¡ N¢lj¡ N¡‰¥¢m J e¡uL QVL l¡u HL hoÑZj¤Ml l¡¢œ­a f¡n¡f¡¢n h­p
B­Rz N¢lj¡l h¡h¡ j¡ Q¡u N¢lj¡l p­‰ QVL l¡­ul ¢hh¡q ¢c­az N¢lj¡ ­pC E­Ÿ­nÉC

171
QVL l¡­ul je ­f­a j¢lu¡z ­p H­Ll fl HL N¡e ­N­u e¡uL­L p¿¹¥ø Ll­a Q¡uz ¢L¿¹¥
e¡uL JW¡l SeÉ RVgV Ll­a b¡­Lz N¢lj¡ BlJ ¢LR¥rZ a¡l p‰ ­f­a Q¡uz e¡u­Ll
A¢ÙÛla¡ œ²jn h¡s­a b¡­Lz HLpju ­S¡l L­lC ­p Q­m k¡uz H­a N¢lj¡ fËQä c¤xM
f¡uz e¡l£ S£he­L hÉbÑ j­e L­l fËhm qa¡n¡u QV­Ll ­R­s k¡Ju¡ ­Qu¡­l ­cq H¢m­u
­cu x ""a¡q¡l f­lC HL m¡gz i£oZ paÉ pqp¡ fËLV qCmz ­hQ¡l¡ QVL! ­Qu¡­l
ANZ¢a R¡s­f¡L¡z''96

"fln f¡bl' N­Òf Bjl¡ ­j¢L ­l¡j¡­¾pl B­lL¢V l©­fl f¢lQu ¢q­¾c¡m¡ Q¢l­œl
jdÉ ¢c­uz ¢q­¾c¡m¡ a¡l ­fË¢jL ¢fËu­a¡­ol ­b­L A­eL i¡­m¡f¡œ …”e ­O¡­ol på¡e
­f­u Ahm£m¡u ¢fËu­a¡o­L ¢hc¡u£ ¢Q¢W ¢m­M S¡¢e­u­R :
""…”e ­O¡­ol e¡j ö­eR? QjvL¡l N¡u, p¤¤¾cl ­Qq¡l¡, ­Ly¡Ls¡ Q¥mz ¢p¢im
p¡fÔ¡C­u R-n V¡L¡ j¡C­e f¡u, h¡­fl HLj¡œ ­R­m, h¡f L¾VÊ¡LV¡l£ L­l e¡¢L
­L¡¢V V¡L¡ L­l­Rz ­pC …”­el p­‰ Bj¡l ¢h­u ¢WL q­u ­N­Rz c¤xM L­l¡ e¡,
mrÈ£¢Vz...¢fËu X¡l¢mw HC Bj¡l ­no ­fËjfœ, L¡m ­b­L a¥¢j Bj¡l i¡Cz
B¢j ­a¡j¡l ­pÀqju£ ¢c¢cz C¢az BS fkÑ¿¹ ­a¡j¡lC ¢q­¾c¡m¡z''97

Bh¡l HC ¢q­¾c¡m¡C kMe ¢fËu­a¡­ol L¡­R flnf¡bl b¡L¡l Lb¡ ­S­e­R aMe
¢g­l H­p hlj¡mÉ ¢c­u­R HC ¢fË­u¡­a¡o­LCz fln f¡bl ¢fËu­a¡­ol ­f­V ¢Rm ¢WLC
¢L¿¹¥ HLj¡­pl j­dÉ ¢fËu­a¡o ­pC fln f¡bl­L S£ZÑ L­l ­g­m­Rz hm¡ h¡ýmÉ HC
OVe¡u ph ­b­L ­k ­h¢n c¤xM ­f­u­R ¢a¢e q­me ¢q­¾c¡m¡z a¡l h¡h¡J i£oZ Q­V
­N­Rez

"i¨nä£l j¡­W' N­Òf ¢nh¤l ¢ae S­eÈl Ù»£ Hhw eªaÉ L¡m£l ¢aeSe ü¡j£l
Ef¢ÙÛ¢a­a ­k S¢Vm f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a pª¢ø q­u­R "­fËjQœ²' N­ÒfJ ¢aeSe ­fË¢jL-­fË¢jL¡­L
­L¾cÊ L­l ­fË­jl B­lL¢V S¢Vm l©f f¡Cz f¡œ ¢ae G¢o L¥j¡l―q¡¢la, S¡¢la Bl
m¡¢maz f¡œ£―¢ae G¢oLeÉ¡ p¢ja¡, S¢ja¡ Bl a¢ja¡z q¡¢la i­m¡h¡­p p¢ja¡­L, ¢L¿¹¥
p¢ja¡ Q¡u S¡¢la­Lz Bh¡l S¡¢la Q¡u S¢ja¡­L, AbQ S¢ja¡l V¡e m¡¢l­al Jflz
Bh¡l m¡¢la i­m¡h¡­p a¢ja¡­L, ¢L¿¹¥ a¢ja¡l q©cu q¡¢l­al fË¢a Ae¤lš²z Hlg­m pª¢ø
qu i¡l£ ­N¡m­j­m f¢l¢ÙÛ¢alz ­L¡e ­fËjC ­no fkÑ¿¹ f§ZÑa¡ f¡u e¡z

172
 e¡l£l ­k p­Çj¡¢qe£ n¢š² f¤l¦o­L ¢QlL¡m ­j¡q¡¢hø L­l ­l­M­R a¡ ­k LaV¡
¢elbÑL "¢a­m¡šj¡' N­Òf a¡ EcO¡Ve L­l­Re flöl¡jz H N­Òf ¢p¢Üe¡b k¡l ­fË­j
f­s¢Rm ­p ­k-­p e¡l£ eu, ­h¡ð¡C ¢gmÈ SN­al e¡¢uL¡z ¢a­m¡šj¡l p¤¤¾cl ­Qq¡l¡,
h¡Qei‰£, pwú«¢a­h¡d phC ¢p¢Üe¡b­L ¢a­m¡šj¡l fË¢a ­j¡q¡¢hø L­l­Rz ¢L¿¹¥ ¢p¢Üe¡­bl
¢nrL l¡j c¡p H­L H­L ­pC ¢a­m¡šj¡l BhlZ J BilZ E­eÈ¡Qe L­l ¢p¢Üe¡b­L
fËL«a h¡Ù¹h pÇf­LÑ A¢i¢qa Ll¡­me :

""­a¡j¡l ¢a­m¡šj¡ A­dÑL eu, f­e­l¡ Be¡ LÒfe¡z a¥¢j Bl LaV¥L¥ S¡e
­q ­R¡Ls¡? a¡l j§¢aÑV¡ ­S¡l¡a¡¢m ¢c­u °al£, a¡l i¡o¡ ¢e­Sl eu, e¡VÉL¡­ll;
a¡l N¡eJ ¢e­Sl eu, AeÉ ­j­u Bs¡m ­b­L ­N­u­Rz HLV¡ L«¢šj j¡eh£l
¢Qœ¡¢fÑa¡ R¡u¡ ­c­M a¥¢j i¥­mRz a¡l ­jS¡S a¥¢j S¡e e¡z qu­a¡ ­cj¡­L
jVjV Ll­R, qu­a¡ a¡l L¡mQ¡lJ ¢h­no ¢LR¥ ­eCz''98

―H fËp­‰ l¡jc¡p ­pL¡­m LmL¡a¡l HLSe A¢a ­p±M£e h­ec£ hs­m¡L ­fË¢j­Ll E­õM
L­l­Re ¢k¢e c¤¢ce a¡l ­fËup£l p­‰ ­cM¡ e¡ Ll­a ­f­l a«a£u ¢ce ­i¡l ­hm¡u qW¡v
L­lC a¡l h¡¢s­a q¡¢Sl q­me Hhw k¡ ­cM­me a¡ ¢p¢Üe¡­bl ­j¡q j¤¢š²l OV¡­e¡l SeÉ
k­bø : ""­cM­me, a¡l ­fËup£ N¡jR¡ f­l N¡s¥ q¡­a ­L¡b¡u Q­m­Rez'' HC ¢el¡hlZ cªnÉ
Bl k¡C ­q¡L e¡ ­Le a¡ ­L¡e ­j¡­ql p’¡l L­l e¡z ­fËup£l ­pC Acªøf§hÑ fË¡L«a l©f
­c­M iâ­m¡­Ll ­j¡q ­L­V ­Nmz ¢a¢e °hl¡NÉ Ahmðe Ll­mez ­j¡qj¤¢š² OVm
¢p¢Üe¡­blJz

"¢Q¢Wh¡S£' N­Òf ¢hh¡­ql f§­hÑC i¡h£ ehhd§l ¢Q¢W Bc¡e fËc¡­el jdÉ ¢c­u ­l¡j¡¾p
pª¢ø q­u­Rz Ei­ulC ¢Q¢W ­mM¡l E­ŸnÉ ¢Rm flØf­ll L¡­R ¢e­S­cl paa¡­L a¥­m
dl¡ Hhw flØfl­L h¡¢S­u ­eJu¡z a¡­cl fËbj ¢Q¢W c¤¢V ­b­L HLb¡ f¢l×L¡lz p¤¤L¡¿¹
cš a¡l i¡h£ ehhd§ p¤¤e¾c¡l E­Ÿ­nÉ fËbj ¢Q¢W­a ¢m­M­R :

""nË£k¤š² p¤¤e¾c ­O¡o pj£­fz Bj¡l p­‰ Bfe¡l ¢hh¡­ql pðå ¢ÙÛl
q­u­Rz j¡j¡h¡h¤l ¢Q¢W­a S¡em¤j Bf¢e M¤h glp¡z Bj¡l lP ¢L¿¹¥ M¤h jum¡z
qu­a¡ Bf¢e ö­e­Re nÉ¡jhZÑ, ¢L¿¹¥ a¡­a A­eL lLj ­nX ­h¡T¡uz Bj¡l
N¡­ul lP ¢WL ¢L lLj a¡ Bfe¡­L S¡e¡­e¡ LaÑhÉ j­e L¢l, ­pSeÉ HL
V¥L­l¡ L¡N­S lP m¡¢N­u f¡W¡¢µR, Bj¡l h¡ q¡­al Lh¢Sl Efl ¢f­Wl p­‰

173
 ¢jm B­Rz HC lLj N¡t nÉ¡j hZÑ ü¡j£­a k¢c Bfe¡l Bf¢š e¡ b¡­L a­h
cu¡ L­l HL m¡Ce ¢mM­he―Bf¢š ­eCz Bj¡l ¢WL¡e¡ ­mM¡ M¡j f¡W¡m¡jz
k¢c Bf¢š b¡­L a­h ¢Q¢W ­mMh¡l clL¡l ­eCz fy¡Q ¢c­el j­dÉ Bfe¡l Ešl
e¡ ­f­m h¤Th Bf¢e e¡l¡Sz ­p ­r­œ B¢j j¡j¡h¡h¤­L S¡e¡h ­k HC pðå
¤ ¡¿¹z''99
Bfe¡l fR¾c eu, AeÉ f¡œ£ ­cM¡ ­q¡Lz C¢az p¤L

p¤¤e¾c¡ Q¡l ¢c­el j­dÉ Ešl f¡¢W­u­R :

""Xx p¤¤L¡¿¹ cš pj£­fz Bf¢š ­eCz ¢L¿¹¥ fËL«a Mhl Bf¢e f¡e¢e, Bj¡l
N¡­ul lP Bfe¡l Q¡C­a jum¡, L­e ­cM¡h¡l pju Bj¡­L ­f¾V L­l Bfe¡l
j¡j¡h¡h¤­L WL¡­e¡ q­u¢Rmz ¢L¿¹¥ Bfe¡l j­a¡ paÉh¡c£ iâ­m¡L­L B¢j
WL¡­a Q¡C e¡z Bj¡l L¡­R R¢h ByLh¡l lP ­eCz Bf¢e ­k ej¤e¡ f¡¢W­u­Re
­pC L¡NS ­b­L HL V¥L­l¡ ­L­V a¡l Efl HLV¥ hÔ¥ hÔÉ¡L L¡¢m m¡¢N­u Bj¡l
q¡­al l­Pl pj¡e L­l f¡W¡m¤jz''100

NÒf¢Vl ­L±a¥Llp S­j E­W­R p¤¤e¾c¡l ­no ¢Q¢W­a ­kM¡­e ­p E­õM L­l­R ­k H
¢h­u q­µR e¡ L¡lZ a¡l f¤hÑ ­fË¢jL fhe i¡c¤s£­LC ­p ¢hh¡q Ll­Rz AhnÉ ¢e­Sl ­h¡e
e¾c¡­L ¢h­u Ll¡l SeÉ ­p p¤¤L¥j¡lh¡h¤­L fËÙ¹¡h ¢c­u­Rz f§hÑ ¢edÑ¡¢la p§¢Q ja kb¡ ¢c­e
p¤¤L¥j¡l ¢h­u Ll­a q¡¢Slz j­e j­e ­p fËÙ¹¥a p¤¤e¾c¡l ­h¡e e¾c¡­L ¢h­u Ll­az
BL¢ØjLi¡­hC HL¢V OVe¡u fËL«a paÉ h¤­T ¢e­u­R p¤¤L¡¿¹z Bp­m e¾c¡ h­m L¡­l¡
A¢Ù¹aÆC ­eCz a¡C e¾c¡ eu p¤¤e¾c¡­LC ­p ¢hh¡q Ll­a Q­m­Rz h¡pl O­l p¤¤e¾c¡
S¡¢e­u­R Haph ¢j­R Lb¡l ¢fR­e : ""­L¡eJ L¥jamh ¢Rm e¡, paÉh¡c£ EµQ¢La i¡h£
hl­L HLV¥ h¡¢S­u ­cM¢Rm¤jz pCh¡l n¢š² LaV¡ B­Rz''101
­l¡j¡­¾pl m£m¡ °h¢Q­œÉl HL¢V ¢h­no ¢cL a¥­m dl¡ q­u­R "k­n¡ja£' N­Òfz
°L­n¡­ll ­k ­fËj ­k±h­e f¢lf§ZÑa¡ m¡i L­l¢e ­p ­fË­jl Øj«¢a S¡NËa q­u­R h¡dÑ­LÉ
H­pz AÒf hu­p k­n¡ja£l ¢hh¡q q­u k¡h¡l fl f¤l”­ul p­‰ a¡l p¡r¡v qu fË¡u
f’¡æ hvpl flz aa¢c­e Ei­uC h¡dÑ­LÉ ­fy±­R ­N­Rez HC p¤¤c£OÑL¡m k­n¡ja£l S£h­e
O­V ­N­R e¡e¡ E›¡e faez f¤l”uJ ¢hh¡q L­le¢ez AÙ¹¡Q­ml a£­l H­p qW¡vC H­L
Afl­L L¡­R ­f­u a¡l¡ BaÈq¡l¡ q­u ­N­Rz AhnÉ k­n¡ja£l ­f±œ d˨h Hhw e¡a­h±
l¡L¡ HC BaÈq¡l¡ q­u k¡Ju¡l fb­L p¤¤Nj L­l a¥­m­Rz

174
 "¢a¢l ­Q±d¤l£' NÒf¢V A­eLV¡ ­l¡j¡¢¾VL L­j¢X d¡­Qlz "k­n¡ja£' N­Òf ­fË¢jL
­fË¢jL¡ j¡TM¡­el c£OÑ ¢h­µR­cl f­l Bh¡l j¤­M¡j¤¢M q­u¢Rm Bl "¢a¢l ­Q±d¤l£' N­Òf
"j¡CV qÉ¡i ¢heÚ h¡ qC­mJ qC­a f¡¢la' f¡œ-f¡œ£l¡ hªÜ hu­p H­p HL S¡uN¡u
¢j¢ma q­u­Rz HM¡­e jdÉÙÛa¡ L­l­R ¢a¢l ­Q±d¤l£z ¢a¢l ­L±n­m a¡l haÑj¡e W¡L¥j¡l
p­‰ A­Òfl SeÉ ¢hh¡q e¡ qJu¡ h¡ "j¡CV-qÉ¡i-¢he' W¡L¥Ÿ¡ ­N±l­N¡f¡mh¡h¤ Hhw haÑj¡e
W¡L¥Ÿ¡l p­‰ A­Òfl SeÉ ¢hh¡q e¡ qJu¡ h¡ "j¡CV-qÉ¡i-¢he' W¡L¥j¡ fËi¡h¢a ­ch£­L
HLS¡uN¡u j¤­M¡j¤¢M H­e h¢p­u­Rz ¢a¢l "q­a-q­a-gp­L-k¡Ju¡' W¡L¥jÑ¡ ¢QlL¥j¡l£
fËi¡ha£ ­ch£ Hhw "q­a-q­a-gp­L-k¡Ju¡' W¡L¥cÑ¡ ehL¥j¡l ­N±l­N¡f¡mh¡h¤l ­L¡VÑ¢n­flJ
HL¢V ­L±a¥LLl C¢‰a ¢c­u­R ­pz
H NÒf¢V ­fË­jl NÒf eu ah¤ ­fË­jl ü¡i¡¢hL mrÈZ DoÑ¡l fËL¡n O­V­R ¢a¢l
­Q±d¤l£l W¡L¥jÑ¡ hªÜ¡ LeLma¡l j­dÉ k¡ NÒf¢V­a Ae¡¢hm q¡pÉl­pl ­k¡N¡e ¢c­u­Rz ­kje
¢a¢l fËi¡ha£l l©­fl fËnwp¡ Ll­m :
""LeLma¡ ­Qy¢Q­u hm­me, n¡yLQ¥æ£ h¡h¡, H­Lh¡­l ny¡LQ¥æ£!

Ll¦Z¡ju ­q­p hm­me, a­h Bfe¡l i¡he¡ ¢L­pl?

―J SS p¡­uh, a¡ h¤¢T S¡e e¡? X¡¢Le£ ­k¡¢Ne£ ny¡LQ¥æ£­cl h­m La

Rm¡ Lm¡, f¤l¦o­L ­il¡ h¡¢e­u ­cuz Bl HC ¢a¢ll W¡L¥cÑ¡¢VJ h— q¡h¡ ­N¡h¡,
öd¤ Lf¡m …­ZC V¡L¡ ­l¡SN¡l L­l, eC­m h¤¢Ü ¢L Bl ¢LR¥ B­R? R¡C, R¡Cz
a¥¢j h¤¢T­u p¤¤¢T­u h¤­s¡­L JC X¡¢Le£l q¡a ­b­L EÜ¡l Ll h¡h¡z''102

HlLj l¢pLa¡f§ZÑ ASpË pwm¡­f f¢lf§ZÑ H NÒf k¡ NÒf¢V­L ¢e­iÑS¡m q¡pÉl­pl NÒf
L­l a¥­m­Rz
"d¤Ù¹¥l£ j¡u¡' c¤C h¤­s¡l l©fLb¡ q­mJ Bd¤¢eL k¤­Nl ­jL£ ­fËj­L H N­Òf hɉ
Ll¡ q­u­Rz hɉj¡-­h‰j£l ­nM¡­e¡ j­¿» hªÜ Eáh f¡m a¡l q¡l¡­e¡ ­k±he ¢g­l ­f­u
fË¡ç ­k±he­L p¡bÑL Ll­a p­Qø quz f¡œ£ Øf¾cR¾c¡ ­Q±d¤l¡Z£z Eáh J Øf¾cR¾c¡l phÑ
¢ho­uC °hp¡cªnÉz f¡­œl A­eL V¡L¡ ¢L¿¹¥ Qmehme H­Lh¡­lC ­p­L­mz Bl f¡œ£
Øf¾cR¾c¡ e¡­j ­kje Bd¤¢eL¡ ­aj¢e BQ¡­l hÉhq¡­l ­p Bd¤¢eLz ¢L¿¹¥ Bp­m phC
n§eÉNiÑz f¡œ ­g¡l f¡p q­mJ ­jL£ f¡œ£­L ¢Q­e ¢e­a a¡l ¢h¾c¥j¡œ Ap¤¤¢hd¡ qu¢ez f¡œ£
¢e­S j¤­M a¡l hup h¡Cn hm­mJ a¡ ­k ­L¡ei¡­hC h¢œ­nl Lj eu a¡J ¢a¢e f¡œ£l
j¤­Ml Efl h­m ­cez f¡œ£l pÇf­cl hs¡C kaC b¡L a¡ ­k n§eÉNiÑ BØg¡me R¡s¡

175
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Ù»£l ­ph¡k­aÀ p¤¤­M ü¡µR­¾c ¢ce L¡¢V­u­Rez ¢L¿¹¥ Bd¤¢eL L¡­ml gÉ¡p¡ec¤lÙ¹ ­fË­jl
Bc¡e fËc¡e ­c­M j­e j­e B­rf L­l­Rez Øf¾cR¾c¡l p¡¢æ­dÉ HC B­rf ­jV¡­e¡l
p¤¤­k¡N kMe a¡l L¡­R q¡¢Sl q­u­R aMe ¢a¢e Ae¤ih L­l­Re ­k a¡l NcÉ ju c¡ÇfaÉ
S£h­el L¡­R HC Bd¤¢eL ­fËj H­Lh¡­lC ­j¢L : ""alj¤­Sl L¡­R ­am¡L¥Q¡, L¡j­de¤l
L¡­R ­je£ ­hs¡mz''103 a¡C ¢a¢e Bh¡l a¡l f¤l¡­e¡ S£h­e ¢g­l ­N­mez
"üuðl¡' N­Òf l­u­R fË¡Q£e i¡la£u pwú¡lhÜ S£hed¡l¡l p­‰ Bd¤¢eL
pwú¡lj¤š² dea¡¢¿»L k¿»k¤­Nl ­l¡j¡­¾pl HL¢V a¥me¡j§mL hɉ¢Qœz HL¢c­L l­u­R ­Lc¡l
Q¡V¥­kÉ, AeÉ ¢c­L c¤C B­j¢lL¡e f¤l¦o ¢Vj¢b ­V¡f¡l J ¢œ²­ø¡g¡l Lmð¡p hÔ­V¡ Hhw
a¡­cl HL¢V j¡œ fËZuZ£ ­S¡e ¢SmV¡lz c¤ S­eC fËQ¥l depÇf¢šl j¡¢mLz Hhw fy¡s
j¡a¡mz Hl¡ c¤S­eC ­S¡e­L ¢hh¡q Ll­a flØf­ll fË¢aà¾à£z HC fË¢aࢾàa¡ Ql­j
­fy±R¡u ­VÊ­el L¡js¡u ­kM¡­e ­Lc¡l Q¡V¥­kÉJ HLSe k¡œ£z ­VÊ­el j­dÉC a¡l¡ j¡l¡j¡¢l
öl¦ Ll­m ­S¡e hªÜ ­Lc¡l Q¡V¥­kÉl L¡­R p¢WL f¡œ ¢ehÑ¡Q­el SeÉ ¢pÜ¡¿¹ Q¡uz C¢aj­dÉ
c¤S­el j¡l¡j¡¢l hå Ll­a ¢hMÉ¡a j¤ø­k¡Ü¡ ¢hm f¡Eä¡l Bp­l Aha£ZÑ qez Q¡V¥­kÉ
­S¡e­L ­no fkÑ¿¹ h¤¢Ü ­ce JC c¤Se­L ­R­s ¢hm­LC ¢hh¡q Ll­az Q¡V¥­kÉl Bn£hÑ¡c
c¡­el jdÉ ¢c­uC J­cl ¢hh¡­ql fËbj He­NS­j¾VV¡ pÇfæ qu Hhw ¢ae¢ce f­l NËÉ¡ä
­q¡­V­m Q¨s¡¿¹ ¢hh¡­ql ¢ce Q¡V¥­kÉ­L Bj¿»Z S¡e¡­e¡ quz Q¡V¥­kÉ ¢ej¿»Z lr¡ Ll­a
¢N­uJ ¢R­me, ¢L¿¹¥ ­pM¡­e ¢N­u ¢a¢e S¡e­a f¡l­me, ¢h­ul fl¢ceC ­hV£ f¡¢m­u­Rz
p¡­uh a¡­L My¥S­a ¢N­u­Rz

Bp­m ­k ¢hh¡q håe­L ilah­oÑ ¢Ql¿¹e, ­cha¡l Bn£h¡Ñcf§a A­µRcÉ pÇfLÑ

¢q­p­h ­cM¡ qu f¡ÕQ¡aÉ piÉa¡u a¡ ­k±h­el ¢hm¡p R¡s¡ Bl ¢LR¥C euz pa£­aÆl
BcnÑ, djÑ£u Ae¤n¡pe ­pM¡­e Ah¡¿¹lz HC ¢hh¡­ql r¢ZLa¡, A¿¹xp¡ln§eÉa¡­L flöl¡j
a£hË LV¡r L­l­Re B­m¡QÉ N­Òfz

"Be¾c£h¡D' ­R¡VNÒf¢V hɉl¢pL flöl¡­jl E­õM­k¡NÉ pª¢øz f¤l¦­ol hý e¡l£-

p‰ m¡­il CµR¡­L HL¢c­L ­kje ¢h⨭fl jdÉ ¢c­u H N­Òf a¥­m dl¡ q­u­R AeÉ ¢c­L
djÑ‘¡eq£e¡, EµQ¢im¡¢oZ£, Rme¡ju£ e¡l£l ül©f EcO¡¢Va q­u­R H N­Òfz ¢hœ²j c¡p
HLSe de£ hÉhp¡u£z hup f’¡­nl ­h¢n q­mJ e¡l£l fË¢a a¡l BLoÑZ L­j¢ez a¡C H
hu­pJ faÀ£ j¡l¡ k¡h¡l c¤ j¡­pl j­dÉC ¢a¢e Be¾c£h¡D­L ¢hh¡q L­lez a¡lfl pÇfË¢a

176
B­l¡ c¤¢V ¢hh¡q L­l­Rez a¡­cl HLSe j¤ð¡Ch¡p£ l¡Sqwp£ TmL¡e£ J AeÉSe
LmL¡a¡h¡m£ hm¡L¡ ­q¡s ­Q±d¤l£ z Hlfl faÀ£l pwMÉ¡V¡ qu­a¡ B­l¡ h¡s­a f¡l­a¡ k¢c
e¡ BC­el j¡l fyÉ¡­Q HL S¢Vm pjpÉ¡l j­dÉ ¢a¢e fs­aez Ce­V¢m­S¾p hË¡­’l Q¡­f
f­s HL¢V j¡œ Ù»£­L l¡M¡l Lb¡ ¢a¢e i¡h­a h¡dÉ q­mez ¢L¿¹¥ pjpÉ¡ qm L¡­L l¡M­he
Bl L¡­L h¡c ­c­hez ¢a¢e j­e j­e ¢ÙÛl Ll­me l¡Sqwp£ J hm¡L¡l j­dÉ HLSe­L
l¡M­he ­Lee¡ c¤S­eC a¡l¡ BÒV¡ jX¡ZÑz HL HL L­l ¢a¢e ¢ae Ù»£lC j­e¡i¡h ­h¡T¡l
­Qø¡ Ll­mez l¡Sqwp£ S¡e¡m :

""­a¡j¡l BlJ c¤C Sl¦ B­R a¡­a q­u­R ¢L, B¢j Jph NËqÉ L¢l
e¡, a¥¢j ¢e¢ÕQ­¿¹ b¡L ph ¢WL °qz a­h Lb¡V¡ ­ke S¡e¡S¡¢e e¡ quz...qyÉ¡ i¡m
Lb¡, HC h¡¢sV¡ Sm¢c Bj¡l e¡­j ­l¢Sø¡¢l Ll¡ clL¡lz ¢jE¢e¢pfÉ¡¢m¢V hs
qul¡Z Ll­Rz''104

LmL¡a¡h¡p£ B­lL Ù»£ hm¡L¡ S¡e¡­m¡ :

""Jx ­nWS£, a¥¢j HL¢V Bpm f¡e­L±¢s, eVhl e¡Nlz a¡ a¥¢j Hje
j¤o­l ­NR ­Le, ¢ae­V hE B­R ­a¡ q­u­R ¢L? ¢WL B­R a¥¢j ­ih e¡, B¢j
¢qwp¤¤­V ­j­u eCz ¢L¿¹¥ a¥¢j ­ke ph¡C­L h­m ­h¢s­u¡ e¡z...qyÉ¡ i¡­m¡ Lb¡ ­cM
­nWS£, HLV¡ ea¥e ­j¡Vl L¡l e¡ q­m Qm­R e¡, f¤l¡­e¡ A¢ØVeV¡ qlcj ¢hN­s
k¡­µRz a¥¢j q¡S¡l L¥¢s V¡L¡l HLV¡ ­QL Bj¡­L ¢cJ, a¡l L­j i¡m N¡¢s
¢jm­h e¡z''105

Hlfl ¢a¢e ­N­me Be¾c£h¡D-Hl L¡­Rz ph M¤­m hm­aC Be¾c£ NSÑe L­l
hm­me :

""­Q¡f l­q¡ nsL L¡ L¥š¡, ¢X­le L¡ R¥R¥¾clz HC h­mC h¡¢Oe£l ja m¡¢g­u

¢N­u °nWS£l c¤C N¡­m M¡j­Q ¢c­mez a¡l fl ¢fR¥ q­V ay¡l h¡ q¡a ­b­L cn
N¡R¡ ­j¡V¡ ­j¡V¡ Q¥¢s M¤­m ¢e­u ü¡j£l jÙ¹L mrÉ L­l Te Te n­ë ¢e­rf
Ll­mez ­nWS£l Lf¡m ­g­V lš² fs­a m¡N­m¡, ¢a¢e ¢QvL¡l L­l dl¡n¡u£
q­mez a­a¡¢dL ¢QvL¡l L­l Be¾c£h¡D ay¡l f§S¡l O­l Q­m ­N­me Hhw
­j­Tu ö­u f­s gy¥¢f­u g¥¢f­u Ly¡c­a m¡N­mez''106

177
 ¢hœ²j c¡­pl pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡e M¤h pq­SC q­u ­Nmz f¢aNafË¡Z¡ pa£ Ù»£ Hhw
Bd¤¢eL L¡mQ¡l ¢hm¡p£ ­jL£ Ù»£l j­dÉ f¡bÑLÉ Ae¤d¡he Ll­a Ap¤¤¢hd¡ qm e¡ a¡lz

"cy¡sL¡N' N­Òf "cy¡sL¡N' ­L¡e f¡¢M euz nÉ¡j¡ Jl­g a¢jpË¡l X¡L e¡jz L¡­m¡
Bl nË£q£e h­m ­m¡­L a¡­L cy¡s L¡N h­mz ¢q¢¾c­a X¡L¡ qu "­L±B ¢c¢c'z a¢jpË¡
¢e­Sl l©f pÇf­LÑ p­Qaez a¡C h­m q£ejeÉa¡u ­p LM­e¡ ­i¡­N e¡z HlLj k¡l i¡he¡
a¡­L BO¡a Ll¡ p¢aÉC L¢Wez L¡’eJ f¡­l¢ez a¡C c¡j£ n¡¢s ¢L­e l©fp£ nÇf¡­L
¢c­a ¢N­u ­pM¡e ­b­L fËaÉ¡M¡a q­u a¢jpË¡­L ­p¢V ¢c­a Q¡C­m :

""a¢jpË¡ Mm Mm L­l q¡pm, ­ke n§eÉ h¡m¢al Jfl ­LE Lm M¤­m ¢cmz
a¡lfl hmm, HC ¢g­L e£m n¡s£V¡ ¢eÕQu Bj¡l SeÉ ­L­ee¢e, nÇf¡­L ¢c­a
¢N­u¢R­me, ­p qy¡¢L­u ¢c­u­R a¡C Bj¡­L ¢c­µRez j¡b¡ W¡ä¡ Ll¦e, l¡­Nl
j¡b¡u ­h¡L¡¢j Ll­he e¡ z''107

L¡’e ¢e­SJ i¡­h¢e ­k a¢jpË¡l à¡l¡J ­p fËaÉ¡M¡a q­a f¡­lz Bl, a¢jpË¡, A¿¹­l
­p BO¡a ­f­u­R ¢WLC ¢L¿¹¥ HlLj BO¡a a¡l N¡ pJu¡ N­u ­N­Rz HMe Bl ­p
HlLj BO¡­a Bqa qu e¡z Bp­m ­L±u¡ ¢c¢c AnË¥­L S¢j­u BCpœ²£­j f¢lZa
L­l­R, a¡l Efl q¡¢pl p§kÑ ¢LlZ f­s hs j­e¡ql ­cM¡­µRz107

(7) ¢nöQ¢lœfËd¡e NÒf :

¢nö Q¢lœ ¢e­u flöl¡j L­uL¢V ­R¡VNÒf lQe¡ L­l­Rez ¢nöj­el q¡pÉLl
ApwN¢a J Aá¥a LÒfe¡ fËhZa¡ ¢e­u ¢hi¨¢ai¨oZ j¤­M¡f¡dÉ¡u ­kje hý ­R¡VNÒf lQe¡
L­l­Re ­aj¢e flöl¡­jlJ ¢LR¥ N­Òf ¢nö Q¢lœ q¡pÉl­pl ­fËr¡fV lQe¡ L­l­Rz H
NÒf…¢m qm "L«o·L¢m', lV¿¹£L¥j¡l', "¢nh¡j¤M£ ¢Qj­V', "de¤j¡j¡l q¡¢p' fËi«¢az
"lV¿¹£L¥j¡l' N­Òf lV¡C a¡l ¢nöp¤¤mi plm h¤¢Ü­a ¢e­SlC AS¡­¿¹ L«¢œj ­l¡j¡¾p
pª¢øl fË­Qø¡­L fä L­l ¢c­u­Rz l¦¢hl j¡­ul hý k­aÀ ¢e¢jÑa l¦¢hl S­eÉ ­L¡VÑ¢n­fl
B­u¡Se­L lV¡C j¤q­¨ aÑl j­dÉ ­ki¡­h ­i­‰ Q¥lj¡l L­l ¢c­u­R a¡ p¢aÉC ­L±a¥LLl :
"" l¦¢hl j¡ hm­me LC, ¢LR¥C ­a¡ M¡µR e¡ h¡h¡ M­Ne, BlJ c¤­V¡ LQ¥¢l
Bl fÉ¡¢Vp ¢cCz hmÚ e¡ ­l l¦¢h i¡m L­l ­M­a, Ha ­M­V ph °al£ Ll¢m, e¡
­M­m ­j­qea p¡bÑL q­h ­Lez ph ¢S¢ep ­Lje q­u­R h¡h¡?

178
 M­Ne hm­m A¢a QjvL¡l q­u­R, Hje M¡h¡l ­L¡b¡J M¡C¢ez Evg¥õ q­u
l¦¢hl j¡ hm­me, p¢aÉ? ­a¡j¡l SeÉ l¦¢h pjÙ¹ ¢e­Sl q¡­a °a¢l L­l­R, Jl
l¡æ¡l q¡a A¢a QjvL¡lz

lV¡CHl j¤M LQ¥¢l­a ­h¡T¡C, ah¤ ­p Q¥f L­l b¡L­a f¡lm e¡z j¤­Ml
­Xm¡V¡ HLf¡­n ­W­m ­l­M S¢s­u hm­m, h¡­l, Jph ­a¡ Bj¡l hs¢c L­l­Rz

l¦¢hl j¡ NSÑe L­l hm­me, Q¥f LlÚ ApiÉ ­R­m! k¡ S¡¢ep e¡ a¡

hm­a B¢pp ­Le?

LQ¥¢l¢fä ­Ly¡a L­l ¢N­m ­g­m lV¡C hm­m, h¡x, B¢jC ­a¡ h¡¢s
108
­b­L ph ¢e­u Hm¤jz''

HM¡­eC ­no eu, f­b M­Neh¡h¤l p­‰ ­cM¡ q­m lV¡C a¡l ¢nöp¤¤mi plm j¿¹­hÉ HC
L«¢œj ­L¡VÑ¢n­fl cg¡lg¡ L­l ­R­s­R :
""l¦¢h¢c öd¤ Bm¤ ­pÜ Bl ¢Xj ­pÜ Ll­a f¡­lz hÉ¡­Pl R¢hV¡ a¡l
ByL¡ h­V, ¢L¿¹¥ ­pC ­k fcÈg¥m Bl j¤l¢Nl R¢h-Ju¡m¡ ­V¢hm LÓbV¡ Bfe¡­L
­c¢M­u­R ­pV¡ l¦¢h¢c °al£ L­l¢ez j¡¢eL­cl h¡¢sl f¡­nl h¡¢s­a Bj¡­cl
LÓ¡­pl ­L­ÒV b¡­L, a¡lC ¢f¢pj¡ JV¡ h¡¢e­u­Rz B¢j J­cl h¡¢s k¡C ¢L e¡,
a¡C ph S¡¢ez''109

M­Neh¡h¤l p­‰ l¦¢hl ­L¡VÑ¢nf ­i­‰ ­N­mJ lV¡C ¢L¿¹¥ HL¢V L¡­Sl L¡S Ll­a
­f­l­Rz ­p M­Neh¡h¤­L a¡l ¢nöp¤¤mi h¡Qei‰£ ¢c­u a¡l ¢c¢cl fË¢a ­L±a¥qm£ L­l
a¥­m­Rz ­k p¤¤f¡­œl pwh¡c a¡l A¢ii¡h­Ll¡ ¢h¾c¥j¡œ S¡e­ae e¡ ­pC p¤¤f¡œ­L h¡¢s­a
H­e q¡¢Sl L­l­R ­pz N­Òfl ­n­o lV¡C­ul ¢c¢cl p¡­b M­N­el ­k ¢hh¡q q­u­R a¡l
pÇf¨ZÑ L«¢aaÆ ¢L¿¹¥ lV¡C­ulz

lV¿¹£L¥j¡l q¡pÉlp¡aÈL NÒf q­mJ H N­Òfl f¢lZ¢a­a l­u­R ¢L¿¹¥ Ll¦Zl­pl

B­hcez lV¡C­ul ¢œ²u¡Lm¡f, Lb¡h¡aÑ¡ kaC q¡¢pl ­M¡s¡L ­q¡L e¡ ­Le M­Neh¡h¤ J
l¦¢hl L«¢šj ­L¡VÑ¢nf ­i­‰ k¡Ju¡l j­dÉ Bjl¡ kaC Be¾c Ef­i¡N L¢l e¡ ­Le
N­Òfl f¢lZ¢a­a l¦¢h J a¡l j¡­ul SeÉ ­L¡b¡u ­ke f¡WL q©cu ­hce¡u BµRæ quz

179
HV¡C ­a¡ ¢qEj¡­ll mrÈZz a¡C flöl¡­jl HC NÒf¢V­L Bjl¡ ¢qEj¡llp¡aÈL NÒf
hm­a f¡¢l z

"L«o·L¢m' HlLjC HL¢V f˵Ræ AnË¥­Oo¡ NÒfz q¡¢p Hl j­dÉ ­eC a­h HLdl­Zl
¢pÀ‡fËpæa¡ B­Rz fËjbe¡b ¢hn£ H NÒf¢V pÇf­LÑ h­m­Re :
""
"L«o·L¢m' N­Òf f˵Ræ h¡ fËL¡nÉ ­L¡e fËL¡l AnË¥ b¡L¡l Lb¡ eu,
ah¤ f˵Ræ AnË¥l a¡¢mL¡u NÒf¢Vl e¡j ¢mM­a CµR¡ L­lz NÒf¢V ¢nE¢mg¥­ml
ja p¤¤L¥j¡l J ØfnÑL¡alz ¢nE¢m g¥­m k¢c ¢n¢n­ll Bi¡p b¡­L, a­h H
NÒf¢V­aJ AnË¥l Bi¡p B­Rz''110

HL¢V BVhR­ll h¡¢mL¡­L ­L¾cÊ£u Q¢lœ L­l H N­Òfl L¡¢q¢e l¢Qaz L«o·L¢m a¡l
Bpm e¡j eu, ­mM­Ll ­cJu¡ e¡jz j¡œ BV hRl hu­pC a¡l ¢hh¡q q­u­Rz HC
hu­pC ­p h¤­T ­N­R ­k ü¡j£l e¡j d­l X¡L­a ­eC, flf¤l¦­ol ØfnÑ ­f­a ­eC,
f§­S¡l ¢ce ­M­a ­eCz AhnÉ L«o·L¢ml Lf¡m i¡­m¡ ­k BV hRl hu­pC ­p n¡ös£l
L¡R ­b­L pa£mrÈ£ p¡¢VÑ¢g­LV Bc¡u L­l­R, HL j¡ q¡¢l­u B­lL j¡ ­f­u­R, Hje hl
­f­u­R k¡­L ¢e¢hÑh¡­c ¢Qj¢V L¡V¡ Q­m, Bl ¢qs ¢qs L­l ­V­e Be¡ k¡uz HlLj
L«o·L¢m ­a¡ Bj¡­cl ­c­n HL¢V eu ASpË l­u­Rz L«o·L¢ml e¡ qu Lf¡m i¡­m¡, ¢L¿¹¥
k¡­cl Lf¡m i¡­m¡ eu a¡­cl AhÙÛ¡ ¢L qu H fËnÀJ l¡S­nMl ­l­M­Re H N­Òfl jdÉ
¢c­uz

"lV¿¹£L¥j¡l' N­Òf lV¡C ­kje a¡l ¢nö p¤¤mi h¤¢Ü ¢e­u ¢e­SlC AS¡­¿¹ a¡l
¢c¢cl ­L¡VÑ¢nf­L pgm L­l a¥­m­R "¢nh¡j¤M£ ¢Qj­V' N­Òfl ¢T¾V¥J a¡l ¢nöp¤¤mi
h¤¢Ü­a a¡l ¢f¢pj¡l ­L¡VÑ¢n­fl jdÉÙÛa¡ L­l­Rz T¾V¥l ¢f¢pj¡ plp£ Ae§t¡z AhnÉ Hl
A¿¹l¡­m f˵Ræ l­u­R ­fË¢j­Ll SeÉ c£OÑ A­fr¡l Øj«¢az h¡­l¡-­a­l¡ hRl B­N L­m­S
fs¡L¡m£e plp£l p­‰ ­fËj qu c¤mÑi a¡m¤Lc¡­llz c¤mÑi a¡m¤Lc¡l ¢LR¥¢ce f­l Q¡Ll£
­f­u L¡ef¤l Q­m k¡uz fËbj fËbj ­k¡N¡­k¡N b¡L­mJ f­l ­p plp£l Lb¡ ­hj¡m¤j i¥­m
k¡uz ¢L¿¹¥ ­o¡sn£ a¡­L i¥m­a f¡­l e¡z a¡lC fËa£r¡u ­p h­p b¡­Lz Ah­n­o c¤mÑi
a¡m¤Lc¡l­L ¢e­u ­o¡sn£l c£OÑ fËa£r¡l Ahp¡e qu kMe j­cl ­en¡u Q¥l q­u b¡L¡
c¤mÑi Qœ²haÑ£ a¡l p¡j­e q¡¢Sl qu Hhw plp£­L S¡e¡u ­k C¢aj­dÉC ­p c¤­V¡ ¢hh¡q
L­l­Rz plp£l pjÙ¹ üfÀ ­i­‰ Q¥lj¡l q­u k¡uz aMe plp£l j­e f­s a¡l A¢g­pl
­qX AÉ¡¢p­ø¾V ­k¡N£eh¡h¤l Lb¡z ­k¡¢Neh¡h¤ ­f˱t, ¢hfaÀ£L, BeL¡mQ¡XÑ, j¤M¢c­u ý­L¡l

180
Nå ­R¡­Vz a¡ p­šÄJ ­k¡N£eh¡h¤­L ¢h­u Ll­a ­p l¡S£ quz Bl HC ¢hh¡­ql jdÉÙÛa¡
L­l ¢T¾V¥z NÒf¢V­a pjÙ¹ OVe¡C A­m±¢LL Ef¡­u h¢ZÑa q­mJ a¡ h¡Ù¹h p£j¡ A¢aœ²j
L­l ¢ez ¢T¾V¥ a¡l ¢nh¡j¤¢M ¢Qj­Vl à¡l¡ A­m±¢LL Ef¡­u ­ki¡­h avrZ¡v q¡¢Sl L­l­R
c¤mÑi a¡m¤Lc¡l J ­k¡N£eh¡h¤­L h¡Ù¹­h Hje OVe¡ HLV¥ pju p¡­fr q­mJ a¡ Apñh
euz

(8) föf¡M£ ¢houL NÒf :

h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ föf¡M£­cl ¢e­u l¢Qa N­Òfl pwMÉ¡ M¤h Lj euz j¡e­hal
fË¡Z£­cl p­‰ j¡e¤­ol p¤¤pÇfLÑ H NÒf…¢m­a ­cM¡­e¡ q­u­Rz ­pÀq ­fËj h¡vpmÉ, fËi¥i¢š²
¢e­u l¢Qa H NÒf…¢m h¡wm¡ ­R¡VN­Òfl pÇfcz nlvQ­¾cÊl "j­qn', fËi¡a L¥j¡­ll
"Bc¢lZ£', a¡l¡nˆ­ll "L¡m¡f¡q¡s', "N¢he ¢pw­ql ­O¡s¡', "e¡l£ J e¡¢Ne£', ¢hi¨¢ai¨oZ
j¤­M¡f¡dÉ¡­ul "L¥Ce AÉ¡e', l­jnQ¾cÊ ­p­el "p¡c¡ ­O¡s¡' h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ ¢hMÉ¡a j¡e­hal
fË¡Z£­cl ¢e­u ­mM¡ NÒfz flöl¡jJ Hdl­Zl ¢LR¥ NÒf ¢m­M­Rez "mðLZÑ', "…l¦ ¢hc¡u',
"c¢rZ l¡u', "mrÈ£l h¡qe', "Suq¢ll ­ShË¡', "l¡Sj¢qo£', "ehm¡m' fËi«¢a NÒf…¢ml
Lb¡ H fËp­‰ j­e f­sz a­h föl ­pÀq ­fËj, h¡vpmÉ fËi¥i¢š²l a¥me¡u H NÒf…¢m­a
hɉ¢nÒf£ flöl¡­jl Ef¢ÙÛ¢a A­eL ­h¢n L­l ­Q¡­M f­sz

"mðLZÑ' N­Òf mðLZÑ Bp­m HL¢V R¡Nmz hwn­m¡Qeh¡h¤ p¡åÉ ïj­Z ­h¢l­u
HL¢V R¡N­ml Mè­s f­se : ""­hn q©øf¤ø R¡Nmz L¥QL¥­Q L¡­m¡ edl ­cq, hs hs
L¡­el Efl L¢Q fV­ml ja c¤¢V ¢nw h¡¢ql qCu¡­Rz hun ­h¢n eu, HMeJ
AS¡anÈnË¥z'' R¡Nm¢V a¡l ¢fR¥ ­eu Hhw h¡¢s fkÑ¿¹ Q­m B­pz R¡Nm¢V­L ­f¡o¡l SeÉ
hwn­m¡Q­el CµR¡ q­mJ faÀ£l a£hË Bf¢š­a a¡l ­p CµR h¡Ù¹h¡¢ua qu e¡z hå¥l¡
R¡Nm¢V­L ­L­V j¡wp M¡h¡l ­Qø¡ Ll­mJ hwn­m¡Qe a¡ Ll­a l¡S£ qu e¡z ¢L¿¹¥ l¡œ£
­hm¡ mðLZÑ a¡q¡l håe l‹¥ ¢Q¢h­u ­L­V ­g­mz Mh­ll L¡NS EclÙÛ L­l, "N£a¡'
­M­u ­g­m, fËc£­fl ­am ­M­u ­euz hwn­m¡Qe A¢aø q­u fl¢ce pL¡­m m¡V¥h¡h¤l q¡­a
mðLZÑ­L ¢c­u ­cuz ¢L¿¹¥ mðLZÑ m¡V¥h¡h¤­LJ ¢eÙ¹¡l ­cu e¡z mðLZÑ H­L H­L m¡V¥h¡h¤l
­Y¡­ml Q¡js¡, q¡l­j¡¢eu¡­jl Q¡¢h Hhw p­hÑ¡f¢l m¡V¥h¡h¤l f­LV ­b­L HLV¡ f’¡n V¡L¡l
­e¡V EclÙÛ L­lz a¡C m¡V¥h¡h¤ mðLZÑ­L hwn­m¡Q­el L¡­R ­glv ­cu Hhw a¡l
r¢af§lZ c¡¢h L­lz hwn­m¡Qe m¡V¥h¡h¤­L r¢af§lZ ¢c­u ¢h­cu L­lz H¢c­L hwn­m¡Q­el
p­‰ a¡l Ù»£l c¡ÇfaÉ Lmq ­h­sC Q­mz fl¢ce hwn­m¡Qe pq­Ù¹ mðLZÑ­L ¢hpSÑe ¢c­u

181
h¡¢s ¢g­l Bp¡l pju fËQä Ts S­ml j­dÉ pw‘¡ q¡l¡ez i¡¢NÉp mðLZÑ ¢Rm ea¥h¡
hwn­m¡Qe­L ¢g­l f¡Ju¡ qa e¡ j¡¢ee£lz ­Lee¡ mðLZÑC hwn­m¡Q­el Ap¤¤ÙÛ q­u fs¡l
Mhl j¡¢ee£­ch£­L H­p S¡¢e­u­Rz Hlfl ­b­L mðLZÑ a¡­cl h¡¢s­aC ­b­L k¡uz
c¡ÇfaÉ S£h­el pwO¡a­L Ahmðe L­l ­k N­Òfl öl¦ q­u¢Rm ­pC NÒf¢V
HL¢V jd¤l pj¡¢ç m¡i Llmz HL¢V R¡Nm­L ­L¾cÊ L­l HL¢V QjvL¡l q¡¢pl NÒf
f¢l­h¢na q­u­R HM¡­ez q¡¢pl fËd¡e EfLlZ AhnÉC mðLZÑ Hhw a¡­L ­L¾cÊ L­l
¢h¢iæ Q¢l­œl ¢œ²u¡Lm¡f Hhw e¡e¡ j¿¹hÉz hªqv ­L¡e p¡j¡¢SL pjpÉ¡­L H N­Òf a¥­m
d­le¢e ­mMLz f¡¢lh¡¢lL S£h­el c¡ÇfaÉ Lm­ql HL¢V V¡Cf ¢Qœ ­cM¡­e¡ q­u­R
HM¡­ez pwp¡l S£h­e H dl­Zl c¡ÇfaÉ Lmq ­k LaV¡ q¡pÉLl a¡l fË¢aJ C¢‰a
L­l­Re ­mMLz Q¢lœ…¢ml L­b¡fLbe, a¡­cl h¡LQ¡a¥kÑ, mðL­ZÑl ¢œ²u¡Lm¡f ph ¢j¢m­u
q¡pÉl­pl NÒf ¢q­p­h H¢V HL¢V Ap¡d¡lZ pª¢øz

"¢el¡¢jo¡n£ h¡O' N­Òf h­el h¡O­L ¢el¡¢jo Bq¡l ¢c­u ­f¡o j¡e¡­e¡l hÉbÑ
fË­Qø¡, h¡¢Oe£ d­l H­e a¡­cl ¢h­ul h­¾c¡hÙ¹ Ll¡ Hhw Ef¡u¿¹l e¡ ­c­M a¡­cl­L
¢Q¢lu¡M¡e¡u f¡¢W­u ­cJu¡l j­dÉ l­­u­R j¡e¤­ol h¤¢ÜïwnL¡l£ Aá¥a ­Mu¡­ml f¢lQuz

"Suq¢ll ­ShË¡' NÒf¢V­a ¢h¢iæ föf¡M£l fËp‰ b¡L­mJ NÒf¢V ¢L¿¹¥

­l¡j¡¢¾VL dl­Zlz BaÈñ¢la¡ L£i¡­h nœ¥a¡l j¡dÉ­j fËZ­u l©f¡¿¹¢la qu a¡l HL¢V
¢h­no l©f ­cM¡­e¡ q­u­R "Suq¢ll ­ShË¡' N­Òfz H N­Òfl e¡¢uL¡ ¢h­m­a S­eÈ¢R­mez
­pC L¡l­Z Hhw de£l Bc­ll c¤m¡m£ qJu¡u a¡l BaÈñ¢la¡l p£j¡ ­eCz HC
BaÈñ¢la¡l j¡dÉ­jC ­p ­Q­u¢Rm Suq¢l­L n¡­uÙ¹¡ Ll­az Suq¢ll ­c¡o a¡l ­f¡o¡
L¥L¥l¢V ­hap£l ­f¡o¡ ¢h­ma£ L¥L¥l ¢f˾p­L L¡j­s ¢c­u­Rz ¢L¿¹¥ Suq¢l­L n¡­uÙ¹¡ Ll­a
¢N­u ­hap£ ¢e­SC Së q­u­Rz ­O¡s¡ ­b­L f­s ­M¡s¡ q­u V¡e¡ HLj¡p ­p h¡¢s­a
BV­L b¡­Lz H AhÙÛ¡­aC ­p Mhl f¡u ­k a¡l j¡j¡­a¡ ­h¡e ­h¢hl p­‰ Suq¢ll
­L¡VÑ¢n­fl B­u¡Se Ll­a Q­m­R a¡l j¡z hÉ¡p Suq¢ll fË¢a ­hap£l Ah­Qae j­el
­N¡fe j­e¡i¡h fËL¡¢na q­u f­sz p¡l¡l¡a a¡l O¤j qu e¡z pL¡­m O¤j ­b­L E­WC ­p
Suq¢l­L ¢Q¢W ­m­M : ""Bfe¡l L¥¢š Bl N¡d¡V¡­L rj¡ Llm¤jz Bfe¡­LJ Llm¤jz
Bf¢eJ Bj¡­L rj¡ Ll­a f¡­lez''111

"mðLZÑ' N­Òfl mðLZÑ­L Bjl¡ f¤el¡u ­c¢M "…l¦¢hc¡u' N­Òfz j¡¢ee£ ­ch£
iä …l¦­c­hl fËL«a ül©f Efm¢ì Ll­a e¡ f¡l­mJ a¡l kb¡bÑ a¡vfkÑ Efm¢ì

182
L­l¢Rm a¡l AaÉ¿¹ Bc­ll mðLZÑz a¡C …l¦­ch­L ­cM¡ j¡œ ay¡l ¢nwHl …a¡u a¡­L
dl¡n¡u£ L­l¢Rm ­pz

"mrÈ£l h¡qe' N­Òf fyÉ¡Q¡¢VJ ­hn j­e l¡M¡l j­a¡z HL¢V ¢h­no ­nË¢Zl
fyÉ¡Q¡­L mrÈ£l h¡qe ¢q­p­h j­e Ll¡ quz HC lLj HL¢V mrÈ£l h¡q­el BL¢ØjL
B¢hiÑ¡h Hhw a¡­L ¢e­u hÉhp¡¢uL jq­m ý­s¡ý¢s L¡s¡L¡¢s q¡‰¡j¡, B¢gj M¡C­u a¡­L
hn Llh¡l Aá¥a g¾c£ J ­nofkÑ¿¹ a¡l A¿¹dÑ¡­el p­‰ p­‰C hÉ¡hp¡u£ j¤Q¥L¥­¾cl i¡NÉ
¢hfkÑu "mrÈ£l h¡qe' NÒf¢Vl j§m fË¢af¡cÉ ¢houz mrÈ£ f§¢ZÑj¡l ¢ce O­l fyÉ¡Q¡l
B¢hiÑ¡­h j¤Q¥L¥­¾cl Ù»£ AaÉ¿¹ M¤n£ q­mez ¢a¢e i¡h­me ­p¢V mrÈ£ fyÉ¡Q¡z fyÉ¡Q¡¢V­L
a¡l¡ d£­l d£­l ­f¡o j¡e¡­mez ­fyQ¡l BNj­el p‰ p­‰ j¤Q¥L¥­¾cl L¡lh¡­l Eæ¢a ­cM¡
­Nmz ¢L¿a¥ j¤Q¥L¥­¾cl hÉ¡hp¡u£ fË¢aà¾à£ L«f¡l¡j Bl f’¡ee ¢hou¢V ­Vl ­f­mez a¡l¡
­pC fyÉ¡Q¡l A¢dL¡­ll c¡h£ ¢e­u H­me j¤Q¥L¥­¾cl L¡­Rz öl¦ q­m¡ ýmÙÛm
¥ L¡äz Ù»£
j¡a‰£ Efk¤š² pqd¢jÑZ£z ¢a¢e °ho¢uL ü¡j£l f¢lf§lLl©­f AdÉ¡aÈnª´M­m ­p±i¡NÉmrÈ£­L
¢Qla­l h¾c£ Llh¡l jamh By­Ve Hhw ­no fkÑ¿¹ fyÉ¡Q¡ gy¡¢L ¢c­m ¢a¢e ¢pÜ¡¿¹ Ll­me:
""­fyQ¡V¡ mrÈ£ ­fyQ¡C eu, ¢eÕQu ýaj ­fyQ¡, ­i¡m ¢g¢l­u H­p¢Rm z''112

(9) l¡Se£¢a ¢houL NÒf :

flöl¡­jl l¡Se£¢a ¢houL NÒf…¢m qm "c¢rZ l¡u', "EmV f¤l¡Z',
"¢ae¢hd¡a¡' fËi«¢az l¡Se£¢a ¢exp­¾c­q HL¢V jqv LjÑ, ­cn­ph¡ Ll¡l HL jqv
q¢au¡lz ¢L¿¹¥ HC l¡Se£¢a kMe Adj ü¡bÑ¡­eÄo£ j¡e¤­ol BMs¡u f¢lZa qu aMe
l¡Se£¢al jq¡e hËa qu Lm¤¢oaz flöl¡j i¡la£u l¡Se£¢al HC Lm¤¢oa ­Qq¡l¡ mrÉ
L­l¢R­mez ¢a¢e fËaÉr L­l¢R­me ü¡­bÑl Lb¡ j¡b¡u e¡ H­m ­LE l¡Se£¢a A¢ij¤M£ qu
e¡z öd¤ a¡C eu l¡Se£¢a­a ­k¡N ­cJu¡ j¡e¤o­cl j¡e¢pLa¡­L ¢a¢e Ae¤d¡he
L­l'¢R­mez j­e l¡M­a q­h flöl¡j ¢e­S ­L¡e l¡S°e¢aL c­ml ­m¡L ¢R­me e¡z
gma: ­L¡e l¡S°e¢aL c­ml fË¢a ay¡l frf¡¢aaÆJ ¢Rm e¡z ¢L¿¹¥ i¡lah­oÑl l¡Se£¢a
¢ho­u ¢a¢e k­bø pwh¡c l¡M­aez fl¡d£e i¡lah­oÑl l¡Se£¢aJ ¢a¢e ­kje fËaÉr
L­l­Re ­aj¢e ü¡d£e i¡lah­oÑl l¡Se£¢aJ ay¡l fËaÉr­N¡Q­l ¢Rmz HC c¤C f­hÑl
l¡Se£¢al ­j±¢mL f¢lhaÑeJ ¢a¢e Efm¢ì L­l­Rez "à¡¢¾àL L¢ha¡' N­Òf ­pC
Efm¢ìlC h¢q:fËL¡n O­V­R ka£n ¢j­œl L­ã :

183
 ""L¡mœ²­j phC hc­m k¡uz Xhm¤. ¢p. hÉ¡e¡¢SÑl pju Lw­NËp k¡ ¢Rm HMeJ
¢L a¡C B­R? ­m¢ee Bl VÊV¢úl f¢m¢p ¢L HMeJ hS¡u B­Rz ­hy­Q b¡L­m
BlJ La ¢L ­cM­he phÑ‘ jn¡Cz''113
a¡C HL¢c­L ¢a¢e fl¡d£e i¡lah­oÑl Cw­l­Sl Kf¢e­h¢nL l¡Se£¢a­L hɉ L­l­Re
AeÉ¢c­L ü¡d£e i¡lah­oÑl l¡S°e¢aL iä¡¢j Hhw l¡Se£¢a¢hc­cl ü¡bÑ¡­eÄo£ j­e¡i¡hJ
ay¡l hɉ ¢h⨭fl mrÉ q­u­Rz
flöl¡­jl l¡Se£¢a ¢houL NÒf…¢ml j­dÉ fËb­jC E­õM Ll¡ ­k­a f¡­l "c¢rZ
l¡u' NÒf¢Vl Lb¡z "c¢rZ l¡u' NÒf¢V C­mLne h¡ ­i¡V¡i¥¢Vl Efl HL ¢ejÑj hɉ
lQe¡z "c¢rZ l¡u' N­Òf ü¡bÑ¡­eÄo£, d§aÑ hL¥h¡h¤l l¡Se£¢a­a E›¡­el ¢Q­œl jdÉ ¢c­u
l¡Se£¢a¢hc­cl iä¡¢j­L hɉ L­l­Re ¢a¢e :
hL¥h¡h¤ ­k¢ce f’¡æ hvp­l fs­me, ­pC l¡­œ h‰j¡a¡ a¡­L hm­me―
hvp hL¥, hup ­a¡ ­Yl q'm, V¡L¡J ¢hÙ¹l S¢j­uRz ¢L¿¹¥ ­c­nl L¡S ¢L
Ll­m? hL¥m¡m Sh¡h ¢c­me―j¡, B¢j Adj p¿¹¡e, hš²«a¡ ­cJu¡ B­p e¡,
jÉ¡­m¢lu¡l i­u ­c­n ­k­a f¡¢l e¡, MŸl Bj¡l pu e¡―p¤¤­Ml nl£l―­cn£
¢j­ml d¤¢a­aC ­fV ­L­V k¡uz Bl ­h¡T¡ c§­l b¡L,―HLV¡ iy¥C-fVL¡ ­R¡ysh¡l
p¡qpJ Bj¡l ­eCz ¢L LaÑhÉ a¥¢jC h¡a­m c¡Jz M¡V¥¢el L¡S Bl H hu­p
­f­l EWh e¡, ­p¡S¡ k¢c ¢LR¥ b¡­L a¡C h­m c¡J j¡z h‰j¡a¡
hm­me―L¡E¢¾p­m Y¥­L fsz''114

l¡Se£¢a¢hc­cl flØf­ll j­dÉ ­k L¡c¡­R¡s¡ Q­m a¡­LJ hɉ L­l­Re flöl¡j

H N­Òfz hL¥m¡m l¡Se£¢a­a fË­hn Ll¡l fl a¡l e¡j R¢s­u fsmz a¡l nœ¥ f­rl
pwMÉ¡J h¡s­a b¡Lmz Mh­ll L¡N­S e¡e¡ lLj ­LµR¡ h¡l q'­a m¡Nm :

""hL¥m¡m cš―­pV¡­L ­L ­Q­e? ­Ll¡Z£l Aa fup¡ ¢L L­l q'm? ­q

­cnh¡p£ Ne, hL¥m¡m Aa ­p¡X¡ Ju¡V¡l ­L­e ­Le? ¢L­pl p­‰ ¢j¢n­u M¡u?
hL¥l h¡N¡e h¡¢s­a l¡­œ B­m¡ SÆ­m ­Le? hL¥m¡m L¡­m¡, ¢L¿¹¥ a¡l ­R¡V ­R­m
glp¡ q'm ­Le? p¡hd¡e hL¥m¡m, a¥¢j nË£k¤š² l¡jS¡c¤l p­‰ f¡õ¡ ¢c­a ­k­u¡
e¡, a¡ q'­m BlJ A­eL Lb¡ gy¡p L­l ­chz hL¥h¡h¤J f¡ÒV¡ Sh¡h Q¡f­a
b¡L­me, ¢L¿¹¥ aa S¥apC q'm e¡, L¡lZ ay¡l al­g ­S¡l¡­m¡ p¡¢q¢aÉL …ä¡
¢Rm e¡z''115

184
 HM¡­e öd¤ l¡Se£¢a¢hc eu p¡¢q¢aÉL­cl­LJ hɉ L­l­Re flöl¡jz ­Lee¡ ¢LR¥
p¡¢q¢aÉL b¡­L k¡l¡ ¢eS ü¡bÑ ¢p¢Ü Ll¡l A¢im¡­o BnËu ­eu ­L¡e l¡Se£¢a¢hc­cl
RœR¡u¡uz a¡­cl q­u Nm¡ g¡V¡uz fË­u¡S­e fË¢afr­L O¡­um Ll­a L¡¢hÉL N¡¢mN¡m¡S
Ll­aJ R¡­s e¡z flöl¡j H­cl p¡¢q¢aÉL …ä¡ h­m A¢i¢qa L­l­Re HM¡­ez

"EmV-f¤l¡Z' NÒf¢VJ q¡pÉl¢pL flöl¡­jl A¢ieh pª¢øz HC A¢iehaÆ H­p­R

¢hou i¡he¡u J fËLlZ ­L±n­mz N­Òfl Q¡l¢V R¡s¡-R¡s¡ ¢Q­œ Mä Mä L¡¢q¢el Bi¡p
f¡Ju¡ k¡uz NÒf¢Vl fËb­jC f¡C ¢lQjä h‰-C¢‰u f¡Wn¡m¡l f¢äa jn¡u ¢jø¡l œ²É¡j J
ay¡l ¢XL, Vj, qÉ¡¢l CaÉ¡¢c h¡mL­cl ¢e­u R¡œ fs¡­e¡l ¢Qœz Hlfl R¡œ V­jl Lb¡u
ea¥e ­Ma¡h f¡Ju¡l L¡l­Z My¡ p¡­qh Nhpe ­V¡¢Xl A¾cl jq­m Nhp­el Ù»£, c¤C LeÉ¡
J a¡­cl ¢nr¢uœ£ ­SÉ¡vpÀ¡¢cl h¡wm¡ i¡o¡ ­nM¡­e¡ J piÉ pj¡­Sl BQ¡l-BQlZ ¢houL
¢LR¥ q¡pÉLl B­m¡Qe¡z a«a£u Mä¢Q­œ B­R q¡CX f¡­LÑ ¢ae q¡S¡l ­m¡­Ll p¡j­e Qa¥l
ü¡bÑ¡­eÄo£ ­cn­ph­Ll ­iLd¡l£ l¡S°e¢aL ­ea¡ pÉ¡l ¢VÊL¢p V¡ZÑ­L¡­VÑl p¤¤­k¡Npå¡e£
ü¢h­l¡d£ hš²«a¡l EfÙÛ¡fe¡z ­no Qa¥bÑ Mä¢Q­œ ­j­m ­i¡jØV¡VÑ fË¡p¡­c ­cn£u p¡j¿¹ l¡S¡
¢f˾p ­i¡­jl BaÈa«ç Amp Hhw ¢hm¡p£ S£h­el üi¡h R¢h Hhw n¡pL ­nËZ£ ¢eu¢¿»a J
fËcš ab¡L¢ba ü¡d£e p¤¤M£S£he J ­i¡Nh¡pe¡l p­‰ k¤š² BaÈlr¡l ­nÔo¡aÈL ¢cLz
Nhpe ­V¡¢Xl fËp‰ HM¡­e ­eCz ¢àa£u ¢Q­œl f­l mä­e ¢hl¡V l¡Sp§u k‘¡e¤ù¡­el fËp‰
fËbj E›¡¡¢fa q­u­­Rz N­Òfl ­no ¢Q­œ c¤'j¡p qla¡­ml j­dÉ ­pC k­‘l pj¡¢ç
­O¡oZ¡l pwh¡c ­j­mz fË­aÉL¢V Mä¢Qœ­L p§œhÜ L­l­R ¢h¢iæ fœf¢œL¡l pÇf¡cL£u
Ù¹­ñl ¢LR¥ Aw­nl EÜ«¢a, ¢LR¥ pwh¡c f­œ fËcš ¢h‘¡fe, ¢l­f¡VÑ¡S h¡ pwh¡cf­œl
fË¢a­hcez Hph ­b­L S¡e¡ k¡u f¤l¦oS¡a£l ­cn£u pwp­c Ha¡hv HLV¡e¡ HL¡¢dfaÉ
¢hÙ¹¡­ll ¢hl¦­Ü e¡l£ S¡¢al fË¢ah¡c, B­¾c¡me CaÉ¡¢cl j­a¡ ­L±a¥LLl AhÙÛ¡l Mhlz
¢VÊL¢p V¡ZÑ­L¡­VÑl plL¡l N¢Wa L¢jn­el ­fË¢p­X¾V qJu¡­aC N­Òfl ­noz
"EmV-f¤l¡Z' NÒf¢V flöl¡­jl Ap¡d¡lZ pª¢øz HC N­Òfl jdÉ ¢c­u i¡lah­oÑl
l¡S°e¢aL ¢Q­œlC HL¢V QjvL¡l hɉ¢Qœ ­cM¡­e¡ q­u­Rz "EmV-f¤l¡Z' N­Òf Cw­lS J
i¡lah¡p£l pÇfLÑ n¡pL J n¡¢p­al E­ÒV¡ ¢cL ­b­L ­cM¡­e¡ q­u­Rz AbÑ¡v H N­Òf I
i¡lah¡p£C n¡pL Hhw Cw­lSl¡ n¡¢paz HC ¢hfl£a LÒfe¡l jdÉ ¢c­u a£hË q¡pÉlp
S­j E­W­Rz a­h H N­Òf flöl¡j i¡lah¡p£l ¢h¢iæ Q¡¢l¢œL °h¢nøÉ­L a£hË i¡­h hɉ
L­l­Rez p¤¤­k¡Npå¡e£ V¡eÑ­L¡­VÑl jdÉ ¢c­u ü¡bÑ¡­eÄo£ i¡lah¡p£­L LV¡r Ll¡ q­u­Rz
V¡ZÑ­L¡VÑ Sepi¡u a¡l i¡o­Zl jdÉ ¢c­u fËb­j mä­e Ae¤¢ùa ¢hl¡V l¡Sp§u k­‘
185
Cwmäh¡p£­L ­k­a ¢e­od L­l­Rez AbQ kMe mXÑh¡Ô ¢ZÑ H­p a¡­L Q¡L¢ll ­V¡f ¢c­u­R
aMeC ­p plL¡l ¢h­l¡d£-hš²hÉ ­b­L p­l H­p­Rz Bh¡l flr­ZC kMe S¡e­a ­f­l­R
­k ­pC Q¡L¢lV¡ qh¡l eu aMe ­p p­‰ p­‰ h­m E­W­R :
""...HC l¡Sp§u k­‘ ­a¡j¡­cl ­k­aC q­hz ­Le ­k­a q­h? h¡a¡p¡
­M­a? ­pm¡j Ll­a? i¡la plL¡­ll SuSuL¡l Ll­a? ­ei¡lz ­pM¡­e k¡­h
k‘ fä Ll­a, mäiä Ll­a―i¡la plL¡l ­ke h¤T­a f¡­l ­k a¡j¡n¡
­c¢M­u Bl h¡a¡p¡ M¡C­u ­a¡j¡­cl Bl i¥¢m­u l¡M¡ k¡­h e¡z''116

l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ ü­cn­L i¡­m¡ i¡­hC ¢Q­e¢R­mez ­c­nl fl¡d£ea¡, ­cnh¡p£l e¡e¡
k¿»Z¡ a¡­L i£oZi¡­h hÉ¢ba L­l¢Rmz ­pi¡­h fË¢ah¡c J fË¢a­l¡d qu­a¡ N­s a¥m­a
¢a¢e f¡­le¢e ¢L¿¹¥ A¿¹l ¢c­u Ae¤ih L­l­Re fl¡d£e i¡l­al c¤xÙÛ AhÙÛ¡z "EmV f¤l¡Z'
N­Òf a¡C ay¡l B­rf :

""HLh¡l i¡¢hu¡ ­cM ­a¡j¡l HC ­j¢l CwmÉ¡ä―­kM¡­e HLc¡ c¤‡ J jd¤l

­Ù»¡a h¢qa―a¡q¡l ¢L cn¡ qCu¡­Rz Aæ e¡C, hÙ» e¡C, h£g e¡C, j¡Me e¡C,
f¢el e¡C― HCh¡l ¢hu¡lJ hed qC­hz ¢h­cn qC­a Nj B­p a­h ­a¡j¡l
l¦¢V fËÙ¹¥a quz ­a¡j¡l ­is¡l ­m¡j R¡V¡ j¡œ f¡”¡­h k¡C­a­R Hhw ab¡ qC­a
he¡a Lðml©­f ¢g¢lu¡ B¢pu¡ ­a¡j¡l A­‰ E¢W­a­Rz i¡l­al L¡fÑ¡p hÙ»
­a¡j¡l ¢hMÉ¡a ¢m­ee ¢nÒf eø L¢lu¡­Rz q¡u a¥¢j L¡q¡l hpe f¢lu¡R? ­a¡j¡l
eNÀa¡ O¤¢Qu¡­R ¢L¿¹¥ m‹¡ Y¡­L e¡C, n£a ¢eh¡¢la qCu¡­R ¢L¿¹¥ a¥¢j A¿¹­l
A¿¹­l Ly¡¢f­aRz ­a¡j¡l i¡m-i¡m ­N¡-hwn i¡l­a ¢ehÑ¡¢pa qCu¡­R, ­pM¡eL¡l
¢q¾c¥ j¤pmj¡e r£l-R¡e¡ ¢O M¡Cu¡ ¢eÑà­¾à ­j¡V¡ qC­a­Rz ¢hu¡l ýC¢úl Bü¡c
a¥¢j i¥¢mu¡ k¡C­aR, i¡l­al Ny¡S¡ B¢gj ­a¡j¡l j¢Ù¹­×L n°ex n°ex fËi¡h
¢hÙ¹¡l L¢l­a­Rz ­a¡j¡l phÑe¡­nl Ef­l i¡la a¡q¡l ­i¡N¢hm¡­pl ¢hl¡V j¢¾cl
M¡s¡ L¢lu¡­Rz''117
"¢ae ¢hd¡a¡' N­Òf j¡e¤­ol pjÙ¹ EµQÙ¹­ll Bm¡f AbÑ¡v q¡C­m­im VL kMe
hÉbÑ qm aMe hËÇj¡, NX Bl Bõ¡ p¤¤­jl¦ AbÑ¡v ¢q¾cL¥n fhÑ­a pj­ha q­mez pi¡
öl¦l fËb­jC pi¡f¢aaÆ ¢e­u HC ¢ae ¢hd¡a¡l j­dÉ öl¦ qm ­L¡¾cmz Ah­n­o ¢aeSeC
pi¡f¢aaÆ Ll¡l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢e­mez e¡lc JC pi¡l E­ŸnÉ pÇf­LÑ pLm­L Ah¢qa
Ll­me,―""SN­a k¡­a n¡¢¿¹ B­p j¡l¡j¡¢l L¡V¡L¡¢V ­ào ¢qwp¡ AaÉ¡Q¡l fËa¡lZ¡ m¤ãe

186
fËi«¢a f¡f L¡kÑ k¡­a c§l qu a¡l HLV¡ Ef¡u ¢ÙÛl Ll¡z''118 AhnÉ ­L¡e Ef¡uC ­no
fkÑ¿¹ ¢ÙÛl qm e¡z nua¡­el BNj­e pi¡ jdÉ f­bC i‰ qmz

haÑj¡e pj­u BCe-nª´Mm¡l Ahe¢a, c¤×L«¢aj§mL L¡kÑLm¡f hª¢Ül SeÉ ­k

A­eL­r­œC fËn¡p¢eL LaÑ¡hÉ¢š²l¡C c¡u£ a¡l f˵Ræ C¢‰a l­u­R NÒf¢V­az c¤×L«aL¡l£l¡
H ¢ho­u ­ki¡­h fËn¡p¢eL LaÑ¡-hÉ¢š²­cl p­‰ f¡­pÑ­¾VS h¡ L¢jn­el ¢i¢š­a ­k¡Np¡Sp
N­s ­a¡­me a¡l ül©f E­eÈ¡¢Qa q­u­R nua¡­el p­‰ ­cha¡­cl pwm¡­f :
""nua¡e hm­me, ¢fa¡jq, Bfe¡l¡ ¢ae¢hd¡a¡ HM¡­e H­p­Re, Hje
p¤¤­k¡N Bl ¢jm­h e¡; ­pSeÉ Bfe¡­cl p­‰ HLV¡ Q¥¢š² Ll­a H­p¢Rz SN­al
pjÙ¹ de£ j¡e£ j¡aîl ­m¡­Ll¡ Bj¡­L ay¡­cl c§a L­l f¡¢W­u­Rez ay¡l¡ Q¡e
L­jÑl ü¡d£ea¡, ¢L¿¹¥ a¡l g­m Cq­m¡­L h¡ fl­m¡­L ay¡­cl ­L¡eJ A¢eø ­ke
e¡ quz Hl SeÉ a¡l¡ Bfe¡­cl M¤¢n Ll­a fËÙ¹¥a B­Rez

hËþ¡z AbÑ¡v a¡l¡ ­hf­l¡u¡ c¤×LjÑ Ll­a Q¡ez j§mÉ ¢L ­c­he? Q¡m-Lm¡l °e­hcÉ?
­q¡j¡¢NÀ­a ­pl c­nL ­i¢S­Vhm ¢O Y¡m­he?
nua¡ez e¡ fËi¥, Jph ¢c­u Bfe¡­cl Bl ­i¡m¡­e¡ k¡­h e¡z a¡ ay¡l¡
­h¡­Tez ay¡l¡ k¡ ­l¡SN¡l Ll­he a¡l HLV¡ Awn Bfe¡­cl ­c­hez

hËþ¡z eNc V¡L¡ Bjl¡ ¢e­a f¡¢l e¡z

nua¡ez eNc V¡L¡ euz Bfe¡­cl M¤n£ Llh¡l SeÉ a¡l¡ fËQ¥l MlQ Ll­hez
j¢¾cl ¢NSÑ¡ jp¢Sc jW Ba¥l¡nËj h¡e¡­he, q¡pf¡a¡m, ­lX œ²p ú¥m L­mS
­V¡m j¡â¡p¡u Hhw jq¡f¤l¦o­cl Øj«¢a lr¡l SeÉ ­j¡V¡ V¡L¡ ­c­he, h¤i¥r­L
¢MQ¥¢s M¡Ju¡­he, n£a¡bÑ­L Lðm ­c­hez Bfe¡l j¡ep f¤œ­cl hwndl ­L ­L
B­Re hm¤e, ay¡­cl hs hs Q¡L¢l Bl ­j¡Vl L¡l ­cJu¡ q­hz HC p­hl
f¢lh­aÑ Bfe¡l¡ Bj¡l j­‚mNZ­L ¢el¡f­c l¡M­hez
hËþ¡z La MlQ Ll­he?
nua¡ez dl¦e ay¡­cl Ef¡SÑ­el naLl¡ HLi¡N?

hËþ¡z a¡­a q­h e¡ h¡f¤z

nua¡ez BµR¡ c¤ f¡l­p¾Vz

187
 hËþ¡z Bj¡­L c¡m¡m W¡E­lR e¡¢L?
nua¡ez fy¡Q f¡l­p¾V? cn f­el-¢hn? BµR¡ e¡ qu naLl¡ fy¢Qn i¡N
Bfe¡­cl fË£aÉ­bÑ Mul¡a Ll¡ q­hz a¡­aJ l¡S£ ee? Ex Bfe¡l My¡C ­cM¢R
­cn­ph­Ll Q¡C­aJ ­hn£z LhRl ­Sm ­M­V­Re fËi¥? BµR¡ Bf¢eC hm¤e,
La q­m M¤n£ q­hez

hËþ¡z naLl¡ f¤­l¡f¤¢l HL-n Q¡Cz''119

(10) pj¡S-AbÑe£¢a ¢houL NÒf : ­k­L¡e hɉ ­mMLC pj¡Sp­Qae ¢nÒf£z ­Lee¡
­k ¢hou…¢m­L ¢e­u HLSe hɉl¢pL ay¡l ¢n­Òfl SNv N­s ­a¡­me ay¡l A¢Ù¹aÆ ­a¡
pj¡­Sl j­dÉCz pj¡­Sl Ap‰¢a ¢e­uC ­a¡ hɉl¢p­Ll L¡lh¡lz ­p Ap‰¢a…¢ml ¢hou
¢h¢iæ q­a f¡­l ¢L¿¹¥ a¡ hªqv pj¡­SlC A¿¹NÑaz B­m¡Qe¡l p¤¤¢hd¡l SeÉ ­p ¢h¢iæ
¢hou…¢m­L Bjl¡ ¢h¢iæ i¡­N i¡N L­l B­m¡Qe¡ L¢lz ¢L¿¹¥ kMe ­p ¢hou…¢m­L ­L¡e
¢e¢cÑø ¢ho­ul A¿¹iÑ¥š² Ll¡ qu e¡ aMe ­p ¢hou…¢m­L Bjl¡ Ae¡u¡­pC p¡j¡¢SL
N­Òfl j­dÉ ­gm­a f¡¢lz "où£l L«f¡' HlLjC HL¢V NÒfz
"où£l L«f¡' N­Òf f¤l¦­ol EŸ¡j ­k±efËhª¢š­L hɉ Ll¡ q­u­Rz H N­Òfl ­L¾cÊ£u
Q¢lœ ­N¡L¥mh¡h¤ H­Ll fl HL ¢h­u L­l­R Bl p¿¹¡­el SeÈ ¢c­u ­N­Rz ¢ae ­R­m J
HL ­j­u b¡L¡ p­šÄJ d­jÑl ­c¡q¡C ¢c­u fËbj Ù»£l p­‰ pÇfLÑ aÉ¡N L­l ¢àa£u ¢hh¡q
L­l­Rz fËbj Ù»£­L j¡­p¡q¡l¡ ­cJu¡ R¡s¡ Bl ­L¡e c¡¢uaÆ f¡me Llh¡l fË­u¡Se j­e
L­le¢ez ¢àa£u ­r­œ p¡a hvp­ll j­dÉ R¢V p¿¹¡e SeÈ ¢c­u­Rz Hhw Ù»£ fËQä Ap¤¤ÙÛ
b¡L¡ p­šÄJ R j¡p ­k­a e¡ ­k­aC Bh¡l a«a£u ¢hh¡q Llh¡l SeÉ fËÙ¹¥a q­u­Rz
Bj¡­cl pj¡­S HC S¡a£u Q¢l­œl pwMÉ¡ Lj euz HC S¡a£u Q¢l­œl fË¢a flöl¡­jl
a£hË LV¡r l­u­R B­m¡QÉ NÒf¢V­az Hl f¡n¡f¡¢n B­lL¢V …l¦al p¡j¡¢SL pjpÉ¡l
fË¢a B­m¡Lf¡a L­l­Re flöl¡j H N­Òf ­p¢V qm SeÈ¢eu¿»­Zl pjpÉ¡z plL¡l kaC
SeÈ¢eu¿»Z Ll­a Q¡L HL ­nË¢Zl ­m¡L L£i¡­h a¡­L h¤­s¡ B‰¥m ­cM¡u a¡l SÆm¿¹
Ec¡qlZ ­N¡L¥m h¡h¤ Q¢lœ¢Vz d­jlÑ ­c¡q¡C ­f­s ­N¡L¥mh¡h¤l j­a¡ Q¢lœl¡ L£i¡­h
SeÈ¢eu¿»­Zl fË­Qø¡­L h¤­s¡ B‰¥m ­cM¡u a¡ HL¢V pwm¡­fl jdÉ ¢c­u Øfø L­l­Re
flöl¡j :

188
 ""ü¡j£l fË­h¡dh¡LÉ ö­e p¤¤L¥j¡l£ hm­m, ¢j­bÉ BnÄ¡p ¢c­u Bj¡­L i¥¢mJ
e¡z L¡N­S f­s¢R SeÈ¢eu¿»­Zl Ef¡u ­h¢s­u­R, ¢cõ£l j¿»£l¡J a¡ i¡­m¡ j­e
L­lez a¥¢j Ha Mhl l¡M, HV¡ S¡e e¡? LmL¡a¡u ¢N­u j¿»£­cl L¡R ­b­L
¢n­M Hpz

­N¡L¥mh¡h¤ hm­me, a¡l¡ R¡C S¡­ez

―a­h hs j¿»£­L ¢S‘¡p¡ L­l¡, ¢a¢e ­a¡ ö­e¢R X¡š²¡lz

―f¡Nm q­uR e¡¢L p¤¤L¥? ¢R ¢R ¢R, ¢eù¡h¡e hË¡ÇjZ hw­nl L¥mhd§l j¤­M HC Lb¡! AÒf
¢hcÉ¡ iuˆl£, HLV¥M¡¢e ­mM¡fs¡ ¢n­M Mh­ll L¡NS f­l HCph f¡¢äaÉ ­a¡j¡l j¡b¡u
Y¥­L­Rz L«¢œj Ef¡­u SeÈ­l¡d Ll¡ HLV¡ jq¡f¡f a¡ S¡e? fËS¡hª¢Ül SeÉC iNh¡e Ù»£-
f¤l¦o pª¢ø L­l­Re; NiÑd¡lZ q­µR Ù»£ S¡a£l ¢h¢d¢e¢cÑø LaÑhÉz iNh¡­el HC ¢hd¡­el
Jfl q¡a Q¡m¡­a Q¡J?
―ö­e¢R BSL¡m O­l O­l Qm­R, a¡C fË¡­Zl c¡­u hm¢Rz B¢j j¤MM¤ j¡e¤o,
¢LR¥C S¡¢e e¡, eÉ¡u-AeÉ¡uJ h¤¢T e¡, ¢L¿¹¥ iNh¡­el Jfl q¡a e¡ Q¡m¡u ­L?
iNh¡e ­ewV¡ L­l f¡¢W­u¢R­me, L¡fs fsR ­Le? c¡¢s L¡j¡J ­Le? cy¡a
hy¡¢d­uR ­Le?

―l¡d¡ j¡dh! Hph Lb¡ j¤­M H­e¡ e¡ p¤¤L¥, ¢Sh M­p k¡­hz

―¢cõ£l j¿»£­cl ­a¡ M­p e¡z

―Mp­h, Mp­h f¡­fl j¡œ¡ f§ZÑ q­mC Mp­hz n¡­Ù» ­k hÉhÙÛ¡ B­R a¡ f¡me
Ll­m iNh¡­el ¢hd¡e m´Oe Ll¡ qu e¡, a¡l h¡C­l ­N­mC jq¡f¡fz HC­V
­S­e ­l­M¡ ­k i¡­NÉl q¡a ­b­L L¡lJ ¢eÙ¹¡l ­eCz ­a¡j¡l p¿¹¡ei¡NÉ j¾c
¢Rm a¡C Ha¢ce c¤xM ­f­uR, i¡NÉ f¡mV¡­mC a¥¢j p¤¤M£ q­hz k¡ ¢h¢d¢m¢f a¡
j¡b¡ ­f­a ­j­e ¢e­a quz Hph hs N§t Lb¡, HL¢ce ­a¡j¡­L h¤¢T­u ­chz

p¤¤L¥j¡l£ qa¡n q­u Q¥f L­l lCmz''120

öd¤ "où£l L«f¡' eu flöl¡­jl B­l¡ A­eL N­Òf ¢h¢iæ p¡j¡¢SL pjpÉ¡ i£s
L­l H­p­Rz ¢h­no L­l ¢àa£u ¢hnÄk¤­Ü¡šl pj¡­Sl ­hL¡lpjpÉ¡, M¡cÉpwLV, c¤eÑ£¢a,
­iS¡m, A¢iS¡a pÇfËc¡­ul A¢a Bd¤¢eL L¡mQ¡l fËi«¢a e¡e¡ ¢cL flöl¡­jl N­Òf
189
E­W H­p­Rz "e£mLã', "l¡Sj¢qo£' "cy¡sL¡N', ¢p¢Üe¡­bl fËm¡f', "p¡­s p¡a m¡M'
"¢nh¡j¤M£ ¢Qj­V' fËi«¢a NÒf…¢ml E­õM H fËp­‰ Ll¡ ­k­a f¡­lz
(11) Ssfc¡bÑ ¢houL NÒf :

flöl¡­jl Ss fc¡bÑ ¢houL c¤¢V ­R¡VNÒf qm "HL…­u h¡bÑ¡' J "flnf¡bl'z

a­h N­Òfl fË¢a­hc­e l­u­R ­pC j¡e¤­olC L¡¢q¢ez ­kje "HL…­u h¡bÑ¡' NÒf¢Vz H
N­Òfl L¡¢q¢e hm¡ q­u­R ­VÊ­ez H¢”­el fË¡Z B­R ¢L ­eC HC ¢e­uC NÒf¢V l¢Qaz
HM¡­e NÒf h­m­Re j¡Me j¢õLz ¢a¢e HL¢V f¤­l¡­e¡ S¡jÑ¡e h¡bÑ¡ L¡l ¢L­e­Rez ¢L¿¹¥
L­uL¢ce Q¡m¡­e¡l fl ¢a¢e HL¢ce j¡l¡aÈL c¤OÑVe¡u f­sez ­pC c¤OÑVe¡u a¡l p‰£
L¥j¡l p¡­qh j¡l¡ k¡ez hš²¡ Hlfl N¡¢s¢V pÇf­LÑ ­My¡S ¢e­u S¡e­a f¡­le ­k Hl p­‰
k¤š² l­u­R HL¢V ­fË­jl L¡¢q¢ez HC S¡jÑ¡e h¡bÑ¡l f§hÑae j¡¢mL pm¢pV¡l Smc l¡uz
Smc l¡­ul Ù»£ ­q­me¡ ¢R­me Ap¡d¡lZ p¤¤¾cl£z ­q­me¡ Bh¡l jLŸjf¤­ll L¥j¡l
C¾cÊfËa¡f ¢pwHl ­fË­j f­lz HL¢ce fËQä ­h­N N¡¢s Q¡¢m­u Smc l¡u kMe k¡¢µR­me
aMe L¥j¡l ­N¡V¡LaL f¡b­ll Y¡Pl l¡Ù¹¡u l¡­Mez Hlg­mC Smc l¡u c¤OÑVe¡u f­lez
Hlfl ­b­LC h¡bÑ¡ L¡l¢V a¡l j¢e­hl qaÉ¡l fË¢a­n¡d ¢e­a Q¡C¢Rmz j¡Me j¢õ­Ll
j¡¢mL¡e¡­a h¡bÑ¡ L¡l¢V L¥j¡l p¡­qh­L ­j­l a¡l fË¢a­n¡d ¢e­u­Rz
(12) LÒf-°h‘¡¢eL fËp‰ NÒf : l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ ¢h‘¡e­L ¢hou L­l ­k Lu¢V NÒf
¢m­M­Re a¡­cl j­dÉ E­õM­k¡NÉ "N¡j¡e¤o S¡¢al Lb¡', j¡‰¢mL' J "NNe Q¢V'z "N¡j¡e¤o
S¡¢al Lb¡' J "j¡‰¢mL NÒf' c¤¢V fËp­‰ nË£ p¤¤­h¡dQ¾cÊ ­pe…ç h­m­Re:
""flöl¡­jl HC c¤C¢V lQe¡ Awnax °h‘¡¢eL fËh­ål mrÈZ¡œ²¡¿¹ Bh¡l
Awnax Cq¡l¡ LÒfe¡ ¢hm¡pJ h­Vz ¢L¿¹¥ fËh­å ­k k¤¢š² fËj¡Z b¡­L a¡q¡
HM¡­e e¡C Hhw N¡j¡e¤o h¡ j¡‰¢m­Ll hš²«a¡u ­L¡b¡J l­pl ØfnÑ e¡Cz''121L

HLb¡ ¢WL NÒflp H c¤¢V N­Òf ­p i¡­h S­j J­W¢ez a­h NÒfLb¡u hɉl¢pL
flöl¡j­L ¢Q­e ¢e­a Ap¤¤¢hd¡ qu e¡z

"N¡j¡e¤o-S¡¢al Lb¡' N­Òf B­R ¢àa£u ¢hnÄk¤­Ül pjp¡j¢uLL¡­ml ­m¡i-¢qwp¡ -

ü¡bÑfl l¡Se£¢al Lb¡z flöl¡j j¡e¤o­L pl¡p¢l H N­Òfl Q¢lœ L­le¢ez AaÉ¡d¤¢eL
j¡lZ¡­Ù»l à¡l¡ fª¢bh£ dÆwp q­u k¡h¡l fl ­kL¢V al¦Z Bl al¦¢Z Cyc¤l °chœ²­j ­h­Q
­Nm a¡l¡C H N­Òfl Q¢lœz a¡l¡ â¥a hwn hª¢Ü L­l p¡l¡ fª¢bh£ ­R­u ­Nm Hhw ¢h¢iæ
l¡øÊ cMm L­l hpmz HCph Cyc¤­ll e¡j ­mML ¢c­u­Re-j¡e¤oz aMe fª¢bh£­a j¡e¤o ­eC

190
öd¤C N¡j¡e¤oz ¢h¢iæ ­c­nl N¡j¡e¤o l¡øÊf¢aNZ HL jq¢a ¢hnÄpi¡ BqÄ¡e Ll­mez ¢h¢iæ
­cn ­b­L hs hs l¡S£¢aL c¡nÑ¢eL °h‘¢eL, p¡¢q¢aÉL fËi«¢a jq¡ Evp¡­q ­pC pi¡u
H­p Ef¢ÙÛa q­mez pi¡ öl¦ qmz ¢h¢iæ ­c­nl l¡øÊfË¢a¢e¢dl¡ ¢eS ¢eS hš²hÉ ­fn
Ll­a m¡N­mez HC pi¡l E­ŸnÉ qm ¢hnÄn¡¢¿¹l hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¡z pjªÜ, Ae¢apjªÜ, A¢apjªÜ
fËi«¢a ­c­nl fË¢a¢e¢dl¡ ¢eS ¢eS hš²­hÉ H­L H­L Afl­L ¢hnÄ An¡¢¿¹l SeÉ c¡u£
Ll­mez HC ¢e­u Qmm a¥j¤m ¢haLÑz a¡l¡ ¢h¢iæi¡­h ¢hnÄ n¡¢¿¹l SeÉ fl¡jnÑ ¢c­a
m¡N­mez ¢L¿¹¥ ­L¡e fl¡jnÑC NËqZ­k¡NÉ qm e¡z Ah­n­o HLSe pcpÉ E­W cy¡¢s­u c¡¢h
Ll­me ­k HLj¡œ a¡l B¢h×L«a n¡¢¿¹ ÙÛ¡fL ­h¡j¡l p¡q¡­kÉC ¢h­nÄ n¡¢¿¹ Bp­a f¡­lz
p­‰ p­‰ pi¡u a¥j¤m ­N¡m­k¡N pª¢ø qmz pcpÉ­cl V¡e¡V¡¢e­a ­h¡j¡¢V a¡l q¡a ­b­L
f­s ¢N­u ­g­V ­Nmz p­‰ p­‰ N¡j¡e¤o S¡¢al C¢¾cÊu¡e¤i¨¢a m¤ç q­u ­Nmz

"" HC N­Òf flöl¡­jl ¢h‘¡ejeúa¡ ph¡l Ef­l ­V‚¡ ¢c­u­Rz H-NÒf öd¤
¢a¢eC ¢mM­a f¡­lez Hhw ay¡l fËbj k¤­Nl lQe¡l a¥me¡u Hl EvLoÑa¡
¢h¾c¥j¡œ Lj eu―hlw h¡Ù¹h‘¡epÇfæ ¢hnÄ­Qae¡u N­Òfl fVi¨¢j p¡l¡ fª¢bh£­a
f¢lhÉ¡ç q­u­Rz flöl¡­jl h¢mù ¢hnÄ¡p J Bn¡h¡c HC N­Òfl ­nËù pÇfcz
fm­L-fËmu OV¡­e¡ Qlj c¤k­Ñ¡­Nl ¢c­eJ ¢a¢e ¢hnÄ¢hd¡­e A¢hQ¢ma ¢hnÄ¡p Ar¥ZÀ
­l­M­Rez''121M
"j¡‰¢mL' N­Òf j‰m NËq ­b­L Bp¡ ‘¡­e-h¤¢Ü­a j¡e¤­ol ­b­L hý…­Z ­nËù
"j¡‰¢m­Ll'j¤M ¢c­u i¡lah­oÑl l¡Se£¢a, ü¡d£ea¡fË¡¢ç CaÉ¡¢c ¢e­u flöl¡j a¡l ¢e­Sl
i¡he¡­LC hÉš² L­l­Re :
""HC fª¢bh£­a l¡øÊQ¡me¡l c¤lLj e£¢a B­R ­cM¢Rz HL¢V q­µR °üla¿» AbÑ¡v
HLSe h¡ HLcm d§aÑ­m¡L pjÙ¹ rja¡ qÙ¹Na L­l l¡­M, a¡­cl n¡pe Bl
ph¡C ­is¡l f¡­ml jae ­j­e ­euz AeÉ l£¢a q­µR ­m¡La¿», AbÑ¡v
Sep¡d¡lZ k¡­cl ¢ehÑ¡Qe L­l a¡l¡C l¡øÊ Q¡m¡uz ¢L¿¹¥ ¢ehÑ¡¢Qa pcpÉ­cl j­dÉ
¢hÙ¹l ALjÑeÉ Bl c¤ÕQ¢lœ ­m¡L b¡­Lz ­c­nl A¢dL¡wn ­m¡L k¢c p¡d¤ h¤¢Üj¡e
qa a­h ­m¡La­¿» ­j¡V¡j¤¢V L¡S Qmaz ¢L¿¹¥ j¡e¤­ol h¤¢Ü HMeJ Ly¡Q¡ Bl
Q¢l­œJ ¢hÙ¹l Nmc B­Rz Hje AhÙÛ¡u °üla¿» Bl ­m¡La¿» c¤­V¡C ­a¡j¡­cl
f­r A¢eùLlz ­a¡jl¡ j­e Ll, ü¡d£ea¡ ­f­uR, R¡C ­f­uRz''122

191
 "NNe-Q¢V' NÒf¢V A­eLV¡ °h‘¡¢eL fËh­ål jaz a­h HC NÒf¢V BcÉ¿¹ l­p
f¢lf§ZÑz HL¢V jq¡S¡N¢aL ¢hou­L ­L¾cÊ L­l ­SÉ¡¢ao n¡Ù» J Bd¤¢eL ¢h‘¡­el e¡e¡
Ae¤j¡e Hhw a¡l ­L±a¥LLl f¢lZ¢aC H NÒf¢Vl ¢houz BL¡­n HL ea¥e ­SÉ¡¢a­×Ll
Ecu q­u­Rz ¢h¢iæ j¡e¤o ¢h¢iæi¡­h Hl hÉ¡MÉ¡ L­l­Rz Bh¤hLl c¢SÑl ja p¡d¡lZ
j¡e¤­ol j­e qm―JV¡ L¡V¡¢l eu, Hl BL¡l fuS¡­ll ja Hhw ¢eÕQu Cq¡ S¢jc¡l
j¢õLh¡h¤­cl n­Ml hÉ¡f¡l, ay¡l¡ BL¡­n g¡e¤p E¢s­u b¡L­hez ¢L¿¹¥ e¡ ­pV¡ g¡e¤p eu
­SÉ¡¢ao£l¡ Ae¤j¡e Ll­me H¢V HL¢V NËq¡Z¤ h¡ AÉ¡­øl­uXz M¤h n£OËC Q­¾cÊl p­‰ fª¢bh£l
d¡‚¡ ­M­u HC c¤C ­SÉ¡¢a×L fª¢bh£l Efl ýsj¤s ­M­u fs­h Hhw fª¢bh£l dÆwp A¢eh¡kÑz
HlLj pñ¡he¡l Ba­ˆ j¡e¤­ol j­e ­k e¡e¡ dl­Zl fË¢a¢œ²u¡ ­cM¡ ¢cm a¡C HC
NÒf¢V­L ­L±a¥LLl L­l a¥­m­Rz p¡j¢NËL dÆw­pl j¤­M¡j¤¢M q­uJ ­k j¡e¤o cñ, d¡è¡h¡S£,
BaÈfËQ¡l, paÉ ­N¡fZ fËi«¢a hciÉ¡p…¢m­L aÉ¡N Ll­a f¡­l e¡ a¡ f¢lØg¥V q­u­R
NÒf¢V­az nˆl¡Q¡­kÑl Ešl¡¢dL¡l HC c¤xpj­uJ f’¡n mr L¢f f¤Ù¹L ¢h¢œ² L­l
BaÈfËQ¡­l hÉÙ¹, ¢e­S paÉ ­N¡fe L­l Afl­L paÉ fËL¡­n Evp¡¢qa L­l­Rez HC jq¡
c¤¢cÑ­e f¡¢LÙ¹¡e J i¡la °hl£ aÉ¡N L­l °jœ£ fË¢a¢ùa Ll­a Q¡Cm, ­m¢Le B­N L¡nÈ£l
Q¡Cz hªqv Qa¥xn¢š² AbÑ¡v j¡¢LÑe k¤š²l¡øÊ, ­p¡¢i­uV k¤š²l¡øÊ, ¢hË­Ve Hhw é¡­¾pl n¡pLhNÑ
Na f’¡n hvp­l ka L¥LjÑ L­l­Re a¡l ¢g¢l¢Ù¹ ¢c­u white book fËL¡n Ll­me
Hhw HL­k¡­N ­O¡oZ¡ Ll­me―ph j¡e¤o i¡C i¡C, ¢LR¥j¡œ ¢hh¡c e¡Cz
HC fËQä ¢h­r¡­il j­dÉ öd¤ HLS­el ¢Q­š ­L¡elLj ¢QšQ¡’mÉ ­cM¡ ­Nm e¡z
C¢e q­µRe q¡V­M¡m¡l i¥h­enÄl£ ­ch£z a¡l hun B¢n q­mJ fËQä BaÈ¢hnÄ¡p£z Bpæ
fª¢bh£l dÆwp ¢e­u kMe pL­m fÊQä Ba¢ˆa aMe a¡l ­p¡S¡ p¡fV¡ j¿¹hÉ :

""NNe-Q¢V e¡ ­Yy¢L, BL¡­n m¡M m¡M a¡l¡ B­R, Bl HLV¡ e¡ qu Hm,

a¡­a q­u­R ¢L? ­a¡l¡ hm­mC fËmu q­h? jl­a HMe ­Yl ­c¢l ­l, HMeC q¡
ý­a¡n Ll¢Rp ­Le? iNh¡e B­R ¢L Ll­a? "Bj¡u e¡ qC­m ¢œ i¥h­enÄl
­a¡j¡l ­fËj q'a ­k ¢j­R'―l¢h W¡L¥­ll HC N¡e ö¢ep ¢e? j¡e¤o­LC k¢c
T¡­l hwn ­m¡f¡V L­l ­g­me a­h iNh¡­el Bl ­hy­Q ­b­L p¤¤M ¢L?
m£m¡­Mm¡ Ll­he L¡­L ¢e­u? k¡ k¡ ¢e¢ÕQ¢¿¹ q­u O¤­j¡ ­Nz''123

192
p¢aÉ p¢aÉ fª¢bh£ Bl dÆwp qm e¡z ¢LR¥¢c­el j­dÉ NNe Q¢VJ AcªnÉ q­u ­Nmz HLSe
pqS plm ljZ£l p¡d¡lZ S£he­h¡d ­ki¡­h ¢hou¢V­L ­c­M­R a¡l j­dÉC ¢e¢qa l­u­R
hs hs f¢äa­cl fË¢a ­mM­Ll jªc¤ LV¡r :
""HC p¤¤¢m¢Ma, p¤¤ N¢Wa h­œ²¡¢š²f§ZÑ lQe¡¢V °h‘¡¢eL h¡q¡c¤¢ll Efl ­L±a¥L
q¡­pÉl lnÈ£ ¢h¢LlZ L¢lu¡­R Hhw HLSe p¡d¡lZ ljZ£l pqS djÑ ¢hnÄ¡­pl jdÉ
¢cu¡ k¡SL pÇfËc¡­ul S¡¢lS¥¢l­L m‹¡ ¢cu¡­Rz ¢h‘e£l¡ Ha p§rÈ ¢qp¡h
L¢l­a f¡­le ¢L¿¹¥ ­k A­j¡O ¢eu­j NNe-Q¢V ¢fR­e p¢lu¡ ­Nm ­pC Aˆ
L¢o­a f¡­le e¡Cz''124
H N­Òf flöl¡­jl hÉ­‰l mrÉ p¡l¡ fª¢bh£l piÉa¡¢ij¡e£ ­cnpj§qz HL¢c­L
i¡la£u BC­el A¿¹xp¡ln§eÉa¡ AeÉ¢c­L fª¢bh£l ¢h¢iæ l¡­øÊl ¢emÑ‹ BaÈfËa¡lZ¡­L
¢hâ¨f L­l­Re flöl¡j HM¡­ez

(13) a¡l¦­ZÉl ¢hm¡¢pa¡ J Ap‰¢aj§mL NÒf :

flöl¡j ay¡l ­hn ¢LR¥ N­Òf a¡l¦­ZÉl l¦¢Q ¢hL«¢a, EµRÅ¡­pl Apwkj­L hɉ
L­l­Rez fËbj ¢hnÄk¤­Ü¡šl L¡­ml a«a£u cn­L Hhw Qa¥bÑ cn­Ll fËbj ¢c­L ­hn ¢LR¥
de£ ¢n¢ra j¡e¤o ¢Rm k¡­cl al¦Z fËSeÈ Ešl¡¢dL¡l p§­œ f¡Ju¡ ¢hl¡V AbÑpÇf­cl
­S¡­s ¢e­S­cl ­Mu¡m M¤¢nja S£he ¢hm¡­pl fl¡L¡ù¡ ­cM¡az B­m¡QÉ N­Òf ­pC pjÙ¹
al¦Z­cl S£hek¡f­el e¡e¡ Ap‰¢a­L a¥­m dl­a ­Q­u­Re ­mML ¢LR¥ N­Òfz H dl­Zl
c¤¢V NÒf qm "L¢Qpwpc' J "l¡a¡l¡¢a'z

"L¢Q pwpc' N­Òfl fËd¡e Q¢lœ hRl Q¢în fy¢Q­nl ¢fa«j¡a«q£e ­Løz Ešl¡¢dL¡l
p§­œ ­p fËQ¥l pÇf¢šl j¡¢mLz a¡l¦­ZÉl EµRÅ¡phna ­p L¢Q pwpc e¡­j HL¢V cm
N­s­Rz al¦Z hu­pl ­R­m­j­ul¡ HC c­ml pcpÉz ­Lø HC c­ml ­fË¢p­X¾Vz ­mML
­Løl ­Qq¡l¡l hZÑe¡ ¢c­a ¢N­u h­m­Re :
""a¡l j¡b¡l Q¥m Lcð ­Ln­ll ja R¡V¡, ­Ny¡g e¡C ¢L¿¹¥ ­W¡­Vl e£­Q ­R¡V
HLN¡R¡ cy¡¢s B­R, N¡­u ph¤S l­Pl M¡­V¡ S¡j¡―a¡­a hs hs p¡c¡ ¢RV,
­L¡j­ll ­hÒV, j¡m­L¡Q¡ j¡l¡ ­hNe£ l­Pl d§¢a, f¡­u f¢– J h¤Vz q¡­a HL¢V
­j¡V¡ m¡¢W J h¡ ­Ly¡aL¡, ¢f­W L¡¢ð­pl eÉ¡f pÉ¡L ØVÊ¡f ¢cu¡ h¡yd¡z''125

193
 ­Lø ¢Ql¡Q¢la fËb¡l ­fËj ¢hh¡­ql ¢h­l¡d£z ­p j­e L­l ­fËj HLV¡ d¡è¡h¡S£z k¡l à¡l¡
Ù»£-f¤l¦o flØfl­L WL¡uz H­r­œ ¢h­ul hÉ¡f¡­l HLV¡ ea¥e dl­Zl ¢p­øj ­p B¢h×L¡l
Ll­a Q¡uz ­p j­e L­l f¤­l¡ ­fËj ¢h¢hš² ­L¡VÑ¢nf ¢hh¡­ql hÉ¡f¡­l BcnÑ f¿Û¡z a­h
j¡TM¡­e HLSe A¢i‘ "¢jXm jÉ¡e'-Hl Ef¢ÙÛ¢a Q¡Cz ­p c¤S­el j­dÉ Lb¡h¡aÑ¡ h­m
c¤S­el AiÉ¡p, ja¡ja, l¦¢Q HCph ¢hQ¡l ¢h­hQe¡ L­l ¢hh¡­ql hÉ¡f¡­l ja¡ja ­c­h,
a¡lfl q­h ¢hh¡qz AbQ HC ­LøC HC fÜ¢a­a a¡l ¢hh¡­ql ­L¡VÑ¢nf Qm¡L¡m£e fË¡u
­L¡e ¢ho­uC pqja e¡ qJu¡ p­šÄJ ­ki¡­h f¡œ£ fcÈ­L ¢hh¡­ql SeÉ hÉ¡L¥m q­u EWm
a¡ k­bø ­L±a¥LLlz ­pC hÉ¡L¥ma¡l ¢hhlZ ¢c­u­Re LbLfaÀ£ :

""l¡a h¡­l¡V¡l pju ­c¢M―­Lø ¢V¢f¢V¢f Bp­Rz a¡l j¤M Ly¡­c¡ Ly¡­c¡, Q¡E¢e
f¡N­ml jaez V¥¢e-¢c hm­m―­Lø, ¢L q­u­R? ­Lø hm­m, fcÈl p­‰ ­h e¡
q'­m ­p Bl H fË¡Z l¡M­h e¡, a¡l Bl al pC­R e¡, qu fcÈ―eu ¢L HLV¡
AÉ¡¢pXz''126

"L¢Q pwpc' NÒf¢V­a ­mML pwm¡f J ¢pQ¥­une pª¢øl Qj­Ll jdÉ ¢c­u q¡pÉlp
S¢j­u a¥­m­Rez c¡¢SÑ¢mwHl j¤e p¡Ce ¢im¡u L¢Qpwp­cl pcpÉ­cl pj­ha qJu¡, ­Lø-
hË­Se-fcÈl-q¡C­L¡VÑ¢nf hÉhÙÛ¡, ­Løl l¡a h¡­l¡V¡u V¥¢e ¢c¢cl O­ll L¡­R ¢V¢f¢V¢f
BNje CaÉ¡¢cl j­dÉ l­u­R ­L±a¥Llp pª¢øl fË­Qø¡z hË­S­el Ù»£l j¤­M "­q¡u¡V-­q¡u¡V-
­q¡u¡V', ­q¡u¡V C­u, qÉ¡w X¡m­q±p£'―Hje ph h¡wm¡ ­jn¡­e¡ i¡‰¡ ¢hL«a Cw­lS£ n­ël
EµQ¡lZ, L¢Qpwpc pcpÉ­cl e¡j kb¡œ²­j ¢nqlZ ­pe, ¢hN¢ma hÉ¡e¡SÑ£, A¢L¢’vLl,
ýa¡n q¡mc¡l, ­c¡c¤m ­c, m¡¢mj¡ f¡m(f¤w) ¢exp­¾c­q q¡¢pl ­M¡l¡L q­u J­Wz

"l¡a¡l¡¢a' N­Òf HlLjC HL¢V Q¢lœ L¡¢aÑLz L¡¢aÑL üfÀ ­c­M Hje HL e¡l£l
""­k hõl£ hy¡s¥­‹Él ja l©fp£, ¢j­pp ­Q±­hl ja p¡qp£, ¢SN£o¡ ­ch£l ja ­m¢ML¡,
­jS¢cl ee­cl ja l¢pL¡, ­m¡¢V l¡­ul ja N¡C­u, g¡Ma¡ My¡l jae e¡¢Q­uz'' h¡h¡l
fR­¾cl ­es£ e¡jd¡¢l ­L¡e f¡œ£­L ­k ­p ¢hh¡q Ll­h e¡ a¡ hm¡C h¡ýmÉz AbQ HC
­es£C L£i¡­h a¡l j¡ep¢fËu¡ q­u EWm a¡l plp hZÑe¡ l­u­R NÒf¢V­az

"l¡a¡l¡¢a' N­Òf q¡pÉlp b¡L­mJ a¡ l­u­R ¢h¢rçi¡­hz pwm¡­fl jdÉ ¢c­u

q¡pÉlp pª¢øl j¤e¢nu¡e¡ NÒf¢V­a ­Q¡­M f­s:

""jÉ¡­eS¡lz S¡­ee, HV¡ q­µR AÉ¡w­m¡-­j¡Nm¡C ­Lg?

194
 hy¡V­m¡ i¥m EµQ¡lZ hlc¡Ù¹ L¢l­a f¡­l e¡z h¢mm―"­Lg eu,
L¡­gz'

jÉ¡­eS¡lz JC q'm S¡­ee, ¢n¢ra ­m¡­Ll ­l­äS ­iy¡nz

hy¡V­m¡z ly¡­ci¥z

h¡lh¡l h¡d¡ f¡Cu¡ jÉ¡­eS¡l Q¢Vu¡ E¢Wmz h¢mm―"B­l b¡j ­Xy­f¡

­R¡Ll¡z ­X¢im j¡j­mV ­L¡ç¡ ­L¡jÑ¡ ­cl¡C ­h­Q h¤¢s­u ­Nm¤j, Bl C¢e H­me
EÕQ¡lZ ­nM¡­az''127

flöl¡­jl q¡¢p h¤¢ÜfËd¡e a¡C A¢dL¡wn ­r­œC a¡ hɉdjÑ£, AnË¥ a¡l pM¡ euz
a¡ p­šÄJ Hje ¢LR¥ NÒf ¢a¢e ¢m­M­Re ­kM¡­e ¢e¢qa l­u­R f˵Ræ AnËz¥ "i¨oZ f¡m',
"cy¡sL¡N', "L«o·L¢m' CaÉ¡¢c NÒf…¢m­a l­u­R AnËl¥ Bi¡pz
HR¡s¡J flöl¡j ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥ NÒf ¢m­M­Re ­k…¢m ­L¡e ¢h­no ­nËZ£­a f­s e¡z
¢L¿¹¥ q¡pÉl­pl NÒf ¢q­p­h fË­aÉL¢V N­ÒflC ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥ ¢h¢nøa¡ l­u­Rz "i¨oZ f¡m',
"l¡S ­i¡N' CaÉ¡¢c NÒf…¢m HC ­nËZ£lz BC­el cª¢ø­a HLSe M¤e£l Bp¡j£ gy¡¢pl cä
­f­mJ HLSe ¢nÒf£ L£i¡­h a¡l j­dÉ jqaÆ B¢h×L¡l Ll­a f¡­le a¡l ­nËù Ec¡qlZ
"i¨oZ f¡m' NÒf¢Vz i¨oZ f¡m eh£e­L M¤e Ll¡l c¡­u gy¡p£l p¡S¡ fË¡çz H ¢ho­u ay¡l
­L¡e ­Myc ­eCz EµQ Bc¡m­a B¢fmJ ­p Ll­a Q¡u e¡z ¢L¿¹¥ j­l k¡h¡l B­N ­p ay¡l
­f¡o¡ L¥L¥l i¥­m¡l HLV¡ hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll­a Q¡uz Hhw ­p k¡­L M¤e L­l­R ­pC eh£­el Ù»£­L
HLV¡ ­j¡V¡ A­ˆl V¡L¡ ¢c­a Q¡u eh£­el M¤L£ ­N¡m¡f£­L j¡e¤o Llh¡l SeÉz e¡, fË¡u¢ÕQš
Llh¡l ­L¡e NlS ­eC ay¡lz öd¤ A¿¹­ll a£hË NlS ­b­LC ­p HL¡S Ll­a Q¡uz jªaÉ¥
ph pjuC ­hce¡c¡uLz ¢e­Sl jªaÉ¥l fËp‰ ­h¡dqu a¡l ­Q­uJ ­hn£ ­hce¡c¡uLz AbQ
i¨oZ f¡m pÇf¨ZÑ p­Qae je ¢e­u ­S­e­R ­k ay¡l jªaÉ¥ Bpæz a¡C ¢e­Sl nË¡­Ül hÉhÙÛ¡
¢e­SC L­l l¡M­a ­Q­u­R :
""Bl HLV¡ Lb¡―iVQ¡S jn¡C­L ¢S­‘p L­l Bj¡l nË¡­Ül MlQV¡ a¡­L
¢cJz ¢a¢eC k¡ qu hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll­hez ¢L¿¹¥ f’¡n V¡L¡l ­h¢n MlQ e¡ quz

¢hoZÀ j¤­M p¡Nl hmm, nË¡Ü qh¡l ­k¡ ­eC ­l i¨oZz iVQ¡S h­m­R,
AfO¡a jªaÉ¥­a nË¡Ü qu e¡, gy¡¢p ­k AfO¡az a­h HLV¡ fË¡¢ÕQ¢šl Ll¡ M¤h
clL¡l h­m­Re, Bl h¡­l¡¢V hË¡þZ ­i¡Sez

195
 ―e¡, fË¡¢ÕQ¢šl Bl i¨a ­i¡Se Ll¡­a q­h e¡z''128

i¨oZ f¡m kaC ¢ÙÛli¡­h H Lb¡…¢m hm¤L e¡ ­Le Hl A¿¹l¡­m m¤‚¡¢ua l­u­R a£hË
­hce¡ k¡ f¡W­Ll q©cu­LJ AnË¥¢pš² L­l ­a¡­mz

"l¡S­i¡N' N­Òfl q¡¢pJ ¢qEj¡l ­Oo¡z f¢af¤­ll l¡S¡ hªÜ¡ q­mJ lpe¡l ­m¡i
a¡l HaV¥L¥J L­j¢ez lpe¡fËhª¢š Q¢la¡bÑ Ll­a ­p q¡¢Sl q­u­R djÑam¡l AÉ¡w­m¡
­j¡Nm¡C ­q¡­V­mz jÉ¡­eS¡­ll L¡R ­b­L lLj¡¢l M¡h¡­ll hªš¡¿¹ ö­e a¡l ¢S­i Sm H­p
­N­Rz ¢L¿¹¥ HC fkÑ¿¹Cz HLL¡f S­m HL Q¡jQ h¡¢mÑ ¢pÜ L­l ­eh¤ Bl HLV¥ e¤e ­M­uC
a¡­L ¢hc¡u ¢e­a q­u­Rz ­Lee¡ ¢a¢e ­k ¢Xp­ff¢pu¡l l¦N£z Bl HM¡­eC a¡l VÊÉ¡­S¢Xz
­q¡­Vm jÉ¡­eS¡­ll ­r­œJ HLb¡ p¢aÉz a¡l ­q¡­V­m l¡Sh¡q¡c¤­ll fc¡fÑ­Z
BL¢ØjLi¡­hC HL¢V hs AXÑ¡­ll fËaÉ¡n¡ °al£ q­u¢Rm a¡l j­ez ­p fËaÉ¡n¡ ­b­LC
¢a¢e lLj¡l£ M¡h¡­ll e¡e¡ ­l¢p¢f l¡Sh¡q¡c¤l­L ö¢e­u­Rez ¢L¿¹¥ ­n­o l¡Sh¡q¡c¤­ll a¥µR
AXÑ¡l ­f­u a¡l AbÑ ­m¡­il fËaÉ¡n¡ ¢e­j­oC ­i­‰ M¡e M¡e q­u ­N­Rz

(5)

flöl¡­jl NÒf…¢m B­m¡Qe¡l fl ¢e¢ÜÑd¡u hm¡ k¡u ­k ay¡l N­Òfl

h¢q:l‰ q¡¢pl fË­mf j¡M¡­e¡z ¢L¿¹¥ j­e l¡M­a q­h ­p q¡¢pl A¿¹l¡­m m¤¢L­u l­u­R
Ni£l S£he­h¡dz flöl¡j kaC hm¤e ""q¡mL¡ ¢hou ¢e­u ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥ ¢m­M¢R'' ¢L¿¹¥ a¢m­u
­cM­m ­cM¡ k¡u ay¡l NÒf…¢m q­u E­W­R hɉµR­m Ni£l S£he i¡he¡l NÒfz l¡Se£¢a,
AbÑe£¢a, k¤Ü, ü­cni¡he¡, Aå¢hnÄ¡p J L¥pwú¡l CaÉ¡¢c e¡e¡ fËp‰ ay¡l N­Òfl HL¢V
hs S¡uN¡ S¥­s B­Rz Fe¢hwn na¡ë£­a h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ ­k Q¢lœ ¢eiÑl hɉp¡¢qaÉ N­s
E­W¢Rm flöl¡j ­pC d¡l¡u f¢lhaÑe H­e p¡j¡¢SL hɉ¢fËua¡l p§Qe¡ Ll­mez hÉ­‰l
a£rÁ cª¢ø ¢Rm h­mC NË¡jh¡wm¡l d£lm­u h­u Qm¡ pj¡S, ­k pj¡S nlvQ¾cÊ, ¢hi¨¢ai¨oZ
h­¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡ul¡ AˆZ L­l­Re ­pC pj¡S E­f¢ra ­b­L­R flöl¡­jl N­Òfz HLV¥ E­ÒV¡
¢cL ­b­L ­c­M pj¡S ­c­q e¡e¡ ï¡¢¿¹ J hÉ¡¢dl fË¢a A‰¥¢m ¢e­cÑn L­l ¢a¢e j¡e¤o­L
p­Qae L­l­Rez öd¤ p­Qae Ll¡C eu ­L¡e ­L¡e ­r­œ hÉ¡¢dj¤¢š²l f­bl C¢‰a
¢c­u­Rez flöl¡j N­hoL E‹Æm N­‰¡f¡dÉu a¡C j¿¹hÉ L­l­Re :

196
 ""ay¡l N­Òf pj¡S J S£h­el Ef¢la­ml HL¡¿¹ p¡j¢uL ­L¡e pjpÉ¡
LM­e¡C hÉ­‰l ¢hou qu¢ez p¡j¡¢SL h¡ Q¡¢l¢œL ApwN¢al Ni£laj L¡lZ¢V­L
hɉ Ll¡C flöl¡­jl mrÉz''129
flöl¡j h¡wm¡ ­R¡VN­Òfl Bp­l Aha£ZÑ q­u¢R­me 1922 MË£ø¡­ëz
"nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX' NÒf ­mM¡l j¡dÉ­jz "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX' NÒf¢Vl fËbj fËL¡n
1922 MË£: (j¡O 1329) "i¡lahoÑ' f¢œL¡uz Hlfl V¡e¡ cnhRl AbÑ¡v 1932 p¡m
fkÑ¿¹ HLV¡e¡ NÒf ¢m­M­Rez HC pju l¢Qa q­u­R "N—¢mL¡' (1924), J
"L‹¢m'(1928) NÒfNË­¿Ûl pjÙ¹ NÒf Hhw "qe¤j¡­el üfÀ' NÒfNË­¿Ûl "qe¤j¡­el üfÀ',
"f¤e¢jÑme', "E­f¢ra', "E­f¢ra¡', "…l¦¢hc¡u', "j­q­nl jq¡k¡œ¡', "l¡a¡l¡¢a',
"­fËjQœ²' fËi«¢a NÒf…¢mz Hl flhaÑ£ cn hRl flöl¡j NÒf ­mM¡ hå L­l l¡­Mez
¢a¢e Bh¡l N­Òfl Bp­l Aha£ZÑ qe 1942 p¡­m Hhw BjªaÉ¥ ¢m­M Q­mez flöl¡­jl
jªaÉ¥ qu 1960 p¡­mz L¡m¢Qœ EfÙÛ¡f­el ¢e¢l­M flöl¡­jl N­Òf c¤¢V fhÑ―fËbj f­hÑl
NÒf…¢m­a l­u­R fËbj ¢hnÄk¥Ü f§hÑhaÑ£ J fËbj ¢hnÄk¤Ü ­b­L ¢àa£u ¢hnÄk¤Ü fkÑ¿¹ h¡‰¡m£
pj¡S-S£hez AeÉ¢c­L ¢àa£u f­hÑl NÒf…¢m­a ¢àa£u ¢hnÄk¤Ü flhaÑ£ pj¡S J ü¡d£ea¡
flhaÑ£ h¡‰¡m£l e¡N¢lL pj¡Sz AbÑ¡v pj­ul ¢cL ­b­L flöl¡­jl NÒf…¢m HL¢V
…l¦aÆf¤ZÑ pj­ul c¢mmz c¤- c¤¢V ¢hnÄk¤Ü h¡‰¡m£ pj¡­Sl ¢i¢šj§­m Ni£li¡­h e¡s¡
¢c­u¢Rmz A¢a â¥a h¡‰¡m£ pj¡S f¢lh¢aÑa q¢µRmz HC f¢lhaÑe h¡wm¡­c­nl NË¡j£Z
S£he­L kaV¡ e¡s¡ ¢c­u¢Rm a¡l ­b­L A­eL ­hn£ e¡s¡ ¢c­u¢Rm h¡wm¡­c­nl ný­l
S£he­Lz ¢h­no L­l LmL¡a¡l eNl S£he­Lz HC f¢lhaÑ­el ­pË¡­a e¡e¡lLj Ap‰¢a
ný­l h¡‰¡m£ pj¡­Sl S£h­e fË­hn L­l¢Rmz flöl¡j ay¡l N­Òfl LÉ¡ei¡­p HC
Ap‰¢al ¢Qœ AˆZ L­l­Rez hÉ­‰l a¥¢m­a ný­l S£h­el e¡e¡ Ap‰¢al ¢Qœ AˆZ
Ll­a ¢N­u flöl¡­jl NÒf…¢mJ q­u E­W­R e¡N¢lL S£h­el NÒfz ¢h­no L­l
LmL¡a¡l e¡N¢lL S£h­el R¢hz öd¤ h¡‰¡m£ eu hý Ah¡‰¡m£ j¡e¤­ol S£he¢QœJ E­W
H­p­R flöl¡­jl N­Òfz
flöl¡­jl N­Òfl HL¢V ¢h­no °h¢nøÉ ay¡l Q¢lœ ¢Qœ­Zl ¢h¢nøa¡z
lh£¾cÊe¡­blJ flöl¡­jl Q¢lœ pª¢øl HC ¢h¢nøa¡ eS­l H­p¢Rmz a¡C flöl¡­jl fËbj
NÒfNË¿Û "N—¢mL¡' (1924) f­s ¢a¢e fËg¥õQ¾cÊ l¡u­L fË¢a¢œ²u¡ S¡¢e­u¢R­me HC h­m
­k :

197
 ""hCM¡¢e Q¢lœ ¢Qœn¡m¡z...B¢j ­c¢Mm¡j ¢a¢e j§¢šÑl fl j§¢šÑ N¢su¡
a¥¢mu¡­Rez Hje L¢lu¡ N¢su¡­Re ­k j­e qCm Cq¡¢cN­L ¢QlL¡m
S¡¢ez''130
flöl¡­jl Q¢lœ pÇf­LÑ lh£¾cÊe¡­bl HC j¿¹hÉ öd¤ "N—¢mL¡'l Q¢lœ…¢m pÇf­LÑ eu
flöl¡­jl fË¡u pLm N­Òfl pLm Q¢lœ pÇf­LÑ p¢aÉz flöl¡­jl A¢ˆa Q¢lœ…¢m
h¡Ù¹­hl AaÉ¿¹ L¡R¡L¡¢Rz Hj¢e­a c£ehå¥l ja p¡j¡¢SL A¢i‘a¡ ay¡l ¢Rm e¡z ¢a¢e
¢e­SC ü£L¡l L­l­Re ­p Lb¡ :
""S£h­e B¢j M¤h Lj ­m¡­Ll p­‰ ¢j­n¢Rz a¡C Bj¡l A¢i‘a¡J M¤h Ljz
LjÑ­r­œ k¡­cl p­‰ ¢j­n¢R a¡­cl j­dÉ ­hn£li¡N hÉhp¡u£ Bl ­c¡L¡ec¡lz
¢mM­a ­N­m A­eL ­hn£ ­cM­a quz Bj¡l k¡ ­cM¡ a¡ I l¡j¡uZ-jq¡i¡la,
fy¥¢bf­œl jdÉ ¢c­u ­cM¡z''131
S£h­el ¢hÙ¹«a ­r­œ qu­a¡ flöl¡­jl cª¢ø ¢ehÜ ¢Rm e¡z ¢L¿¹¥ ay¡l cª¢øl fËMla¡
¢Rmz ­k ­L¡e hɉ p¡¢q¢aÉ­LlC k¡ AeÉaj üi¡h °h¢nøÉz HLb¡ j­e Ll¡l ­L¡e
L¡lZ ­eC ­k flöl¡j ay¡l Q¢lœ…¢m­L LÒfe¡l SNv ­b­L E¢W­u H­e­Rez ay¡l
A¢ˆa Q¢lœ…¢m fË¡u phC a¡l ­Q¡­M ­cM¡z ¢a¢e Hjei¡­h ­p Q¢lœ…¢m­a ¢nÒf£l
a¥¢ml BQl ¢c­u­Re ­k ­Qe¡ Q¢lœ…¢mJ A­Qe¡ q­u E­W­Rz ­L¡e ­L¡e Q¢l­œl
h¡Ù¹h ¢i¢š ­a¡ flöl¡j ¢e­SC h­m ¢c­u­Rez ­kje "cy¡sL¡N' N­Òfl ­j­u¢V
pÇf­LÑ f¢ljm ­N¡ü¡j£ E­õM L­l­Re :
""
l¡S­nMl hm­me, "k¤N¡¿¹­l Hh¡­l Bfe¡­L cy¡sL¡N ¢c­u¢Rm¡jz p¢aÉC HLV¡
­j­u­L cy¡sL¡N hm¡ qaz' ka£¾cÊL¥j¡l ­k¡N Ll­me, "ú¢Vn Q¡QÑ L­m­Sl
L¡R¡L¡¢R b¡La ­j­u¢V, lw ¢Rm a¡l L¡­m¡z'''132
öd¤ "cy¡sL¡N' N­Òfl ­j­u¢VC eu L¢Qpwpc-Hl "L¢Q', "eL¥sj¡j¡', Abh¡ "…l¦¢hc¡u'
N­Òfl M¢mÄcwü¡j£ Hl¡ fË­aÉ­LC flöl¡­jl ­Q¡­M ­cM¡ Q¢lœz ¢L¿¹¥ N­Òf EfÙÛ¡f­el
­hm¡u HC Q¢lœl¡C HLV¥ f¡­ÒV ­N­Rz flöl¡j N­hoL E‹Æm N­‰¡f¡dÉ¡u h­m­Re :
""N­Òfl ­m±¢LL Q¢l­œl¡ f¢l¢Qa pj¡S ­b­L E­W H­mJ ¢Qœ­Zl pju
flöl¡j L¡VÑ¥¢e­øl j­a¡ Q¢l­œl HL h¡ HL¡¢dL °h¢nøÉ HLV¥ A¢al¢”a h¡
¢hL«a L­l Hy­L­Rez g­m ­Qe¡ Q¢lœ…¢m­a A­Qe¡l Bi¡p ­m­N­Rz kMe ­pC
Q¢lœ­L flöl¡j hɉ L­le, aMe pj¡­S a¡l pjdjÑ£ j¡e¤oJ fË¡Z M¤­m q¡p­a

198
 f¡­lez L¡lZ A¢al”­el fËi¡­h h¤T­aC f¡­le e¡ ­k, a¡­LC hɉ Ll¡
qmz''133
―flöl¡j Bj¡­cl ­Qe¡S¡e¡ Q¢lœ…¢m­LC ay¡l N­Òf ¢e­u H­p­Re ¢eSü i‰£­az
­L¡b¡J A¢al”­el BnË­u flöl¡j ay¡l Q¢lœ…¢m­L S£h¿¹ L­l a¥­m­Rez ­L¡b¡J
AehcÉ ¢nÒfL¥nma¡u ¢a¢e j§¢šÑl fl j§¢šÑ N­s a¥­m­Rez fËjb ­Q±d¤l£ a¡C j¿¹hÉ
L­l­Re :
""flöl¡­jl R¢h BLh¡l q¡a f¢l×L¡lz ¢a¢e c¤¢V Q¡l¢V V¡­e HL HL¢V
­m¡L­L ­Q¡­Ml pÇj¥­M M¡s¡ L­l­Rez ay¡l R¢h­a ­lM¡ J h­ZÑl h¡ýmÉ ­eCz
ay¡l q¡­a fË¢a ­lM¡¢V f¢lØg¥V, fË¢a hZÑ¢V k­b¡¢Qaz''134
flöl¡j ay¡l N­Òf hý Q¢lœ pª¢ø L­l­Rez Ah¡L q­u ­k­a qu ­pC Q¢lœ
pª¢øl °h¢QœÉ ­c­Mz ­f±l¡¢ZL Q¢lœ ­b­L öl¦ L­l hÉhp¡c¡l, Q¡L¥¢lS£h£, BCeS£h£,
¢nrL, ¢Q¢LvpL, p¡¢q¢aÉL, l¡Se£¢a¢hc, fËi«¢a e¡e¡ ­nËZ£l Q¢lœ ¢e­u N­s E­W­R
flöl¡­jl Q¢lœ ¢Qœn¡m¡z Hje¢L je¤­oÉal fË¡Z£J ­pC ¢Qœn¡m¡u ÙÛ¡e L­l ¢e­u­Rz
hwn­m¡Qeh¡h¤, ­Lc¡l Q¡V¥­kÉ jq¡n­ul j­a¡ Q¢lœ ­a¡ HC ¢Qœn¡m¡ ­b­LC E­W H­p­Rz
HLSe ¢nÒf£ ¢a¢e ­k l­plC L¡lh¡¢l ­q¡e e¡ ­Le a¡l phÑ¡­fr¡ hs Bu¤d
qm i¡o¡z ¢h­no L­l ­k ¢nÒf£ q¡pÉl­pl L¡lh¡¢l a¡l ­r­œ H Lb¡¢V B­l¡ ­h¢n L­l
fË­k¡SÉz HC i¡o¡l j¡dÉ­jC q¡pÉl¢pL N­s ­a¡­me ay¡l q¡pÉl­pl SNvz q¡pÉl­pl
a£hËa¡ ­a¡ i¡o¡ hÉhq¡­ll p§rÈa¡l EflC ¢eiÑl L­lz öd¤ a¡C eu HLSe q¡pÉl¢p­Ll
­b­L B­lLSe q¡pÉl¢p­Ll j§m f¡bÑLÉ A­eL pju HC i¡o¡ hÉ¡hq¡­ll ¢iæa¡l Efl
¢i¢š L­lC ¢e¢jÑa quz a¡C fË­aÉL q¡pÉl­pl ¢nÒf£l i¡o¡ hÉhq¡­ll i¢‰J qu ¢eSüz
flöl¡jJ ay¡l q¡pÉl­pl N­Òf i¡o¡ hÉhq¡­ll ­r­œ HL¢V ¢eSü i¢‰ ¢ejÑ¡Z L­l
¢e­u­Rez Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤­M¡f¡dÉ¡u l¡S­nM­ll i¡o¡ fËp­‰ h­m­Re :
""pwkj, ö¢Qa¡ J ¢heu―¢ae¢V j¿» l¡S­nMl Ahmðe L­l¢R­mez i¡o¡l
pwkj, ö¢Qa¡ J ¢heu (¢X¢p¢fÔe) ay¡l lQe¡­L üa¿» jkÑ¡c¡ ¢c­u­Rz hÙ¹¥a f­r
¢a¢e HL¢V üa¿» NcÉ―ø¡Cm pª¢ø L­l­Rez HC ø¡C­ml ¢i¢ši¨¢j j¡œ¡‘¡e J
p¤¤h¤¢Ü (Lje ­p¾p), ¢h¢hš²a¡ J ¢h¢µR¢š (¢XVÉ¡Q­j¾V J CÇf¡pÑeÉ¡¢m¢V), ¢heu
(¢X¢p¢fÔe) J ¢heÉ¡pnª´Mm¡z ­pC p­‰ k¤š² q­u­R S£helpl¢pLa¡, Ni£l A¿¹cª¢ø
J A¢ap§rÈ p¤¤j¡¢SÑa lp­h¡dz''135

199
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HL¡l­ZC ay¡l hÉhq©a NcÉ A­eL ­r­œC p¡d¤ q­uJ a¡ Q¢ma i¡o¡l j­a¡z
fËjbe¡b ¢hn£ a¡C h­m­Re :
""Hje f¢lµRæ, h¡ýmÉh¢SÑa, p¤fkË ¤š² i¡o¡ hs ­cM¡ k¡u e¡z f¡WL-pj¡S kMe
ph¤Sfœ£ i¡o¡­L fËN¢al Qlj mrZ h­m d­l ¢e­u¢Rm, ­i­h¢Rm p¡d¤ i¡o¡l
Bu¤ ­no q­u ¢N­u­R e§ae ­L¡e pñ¡he¡ Bl a¡l j­dÉ ­eC, aMe N—¢mL¡
L‹m£l i¡o¡ ­c­M pL­m Qj­L ­Nmz lh£¾cÊe¡b J fËjb ­Q±d¤l£l i¡o¡l£¢a­L
H¢s­u p¡d¤i¡o¡l HC fc­rf paÉC ¢hØjuSeLz hÙ¹¥a: fsh¡l pj­u ­Mu¡m
b¡­L e¡ H i¡o¡ p¡d¤ ¢L LbÉ, f­l ¢qp¡­h ­cM¡ k¡u p¡d¤ i¡o¡z''136
A­e­L h­me Q¢ma i¡o¡u q¡pÉlp ¢WL S­j e¡z q¡pÉl­pl h¡qe p¡d¤i¡o¡C qJu¡ E¢Qvz
fËjbe¡b ¢hn£ HC j­al pjbÑeL¡l£­cl j­dÉ HLSez H ¢ho­u hm­a ¢N­u ¢a¢e h­m­Re:
""q¡pÉlp lQe¡l i¡o¡ p¡d¤ qJu¡ h¡“e£uz a¡­a i¡o¡l N¡ñ£­kÑ Bl i¡­hl
mO¤a¡u ­k à­¾àl pª¢ø qu, a¡ q¡¢pl f¢l­hn lQe¡u p¡q¡kÉ L­lz LbÉi¡o¡l
QV¥ma¡ Bl q¡¢pl QV¥ma¡u ¢j­m k¡u, j¤ýj¤Ñý f¡W­Ll je­L à­¾àl QLj¢L
Øg¨l­Z B­m¡¢La J Q¢La Ll­a f¡­l e¡z ¢hou¢Vl ¢hÙ¹¡l Ae¡hnÉL,
LaL…¢m Ec¡qlZ ¢c­mC Qm­hz h¢ˆjQ­¾cÊl "­m¡LlqpÉ' J "Ljm¡L¡­¿¹l
cçl', lh£¾cÊe¡­bl hɉ-­L±a¥L, °œ­m¡LÉe¡b, C¾cÊe¡b J fËi¡aL¥j¡­ll NÒf
fËi«¢al E­õMC k­bøz A­e­L B­rf L­le h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ BSL¡m k­bø
q¡pÉl­pl lQe¡ ¢m¢Ma q­µR e¡z a¡l A­eL L¡l­Zl j­dÉ HL¢V fËd¡e, q¡¢pl
lQe¡ BS ïøh¡qez ¢p¢Üc¡a¡ N­Zn QV¥m j¤¢oL h¡q­e Qm¡­gl¡ Ll­a f¡­le,
a­h ay¡­L ¢e­u q¡p¡q¡¢p Ll­h Hje L¡l p¡dÉz ­k-ny¥­sl hql! Ni£l Nñ£li¡h
LbÉi¡o¡u BaÈfËL¡n Ll­a pjbÑ q­mJ, LbÉi¡o¡u q¡pÉlp! °eh °eh Qz HC
HL¢V L¡lZ ­k SeÉ flöl¡­jl ­no RuM¡¢e NÒfNË¿Û ¢LR¥ f¢lj¡­e Çm¡ez
­p…¢ml h¡qe LbÉi¡o¡z''137
¢L¿¹¥ fËjbe¡b ¢hn£l HC ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢àd¡q£e i¡­h NËqZ Ll¡ k¡u e¡z L¡lZ fËbja,
flöl¡­jl ­no NÒfNË­¿Û Hje hý NÒf l­u­R ­k…¢m flöl¡­jl MÉ¡¢al p£j¡ hý…­Z
h¡¢s­u ¢c­u­Rz H f­hÑl N­Òf flöl¡j Qm¢a i¡o¡ hÉhq¡l Ll­mJ H i¡o¡lJ l­u­R
k¡c¤Ll£ rja¡z Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤­M¡f¡dÉ¡u h­m­Re :

200
 ""ay¡l h­s¡ L«¢aaÆ HC ­k, Q¢ma h¡wm¡l ¢ial ­b­L HL ea¥e n¢š²
B¢h×L¡l J BqlZ L­l­Rez HC i¡o¡l ¢i¢ši¨¢j k¤¢š² J ¢hQ¡lz mO¤ J …l¦
¢ho­u pj¡e p¡g­mÉl p­‰ HC Q¢ma i¡o¡­L l¡S­nMl hÉhq¡l L­l­Rez ay¡l
i¡o¡l ­cÉ¡ae¡ J C¢‰a Ap¡d¡lZ, fË¢a¢V në p¤¤¢ehÑ¡¢Qa, fË¢a¢V h¡LÉ i¡hNiÑz
AÒf Lb¡u ¢a¢e ¢hÙ¹l Lb¡ h­me, p¡j¡eÉ C¢‰­a ¢a¢e A­eLV¡ i¡h­L hÉš²
L­lez''138
­L¡eJ p­¾cq ­eC HC ¢h­no i¡o¡i¢‰C l¡S­nM­ll NÒf…¢m­L HL¢V ¢h¢nø p¡¢q­aÉl
p¡jNË£ L­l a¥­m­Rz
a­h HLb¡ ¢WL l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ p¡d¤ J Q¢ma ­k i¡o¡C hÉhq¡l Ll¦e a¡ A­eLV¡
j¡e¤­ol j¤­Ml i¡o¡l L¡R¡L¡¢Rz Hlg­m ay¡l p¡d¤i¡o¡ plp J A¢af¢l¢Qa S­el i¡o¡
q­u E­W­Rz ¢a¢e kMe p¡d¤i¡o¡u ­m­Me aMe a¡ l¢pL¢Q­š B­m¡se ­a¡­m a¡l
LbÉd¢jÑa¡l SeÉC Bh¡l kMe Q¢ma i¡o¡u ­m­Me aMeJ a¡ l¢pL¢Q­š pj¡ei¡­hC
B­m¡se ­a¡­mz
l¡S­nM­ll ­mM¡ p¡d¤i¡o¡l cªø¡¿¹ :
""qW¡v hwn­m¡Q­el j­e HLV¡ Ly¡V¡ MyQ L¢lu¡ E¢Wmz ay¡q¡l ­k HMe faÀ£l
p­‰ Lmq Q¢m­a­Rz BS fy¡Q ¢ce qCm Lb¡ håz Cyq¡­cl c¡ÇfaÉ Lmq ¢he¡
Bsð­l ¢e×fæ quz p¡j¡eÉ HLV¡ EfmrÉ, c¤-Q¡l¢V e¡¢aa£rÁ h¡LÉh¡Z, a¡lfl
¢ceLaL A¢qwp Apq­k¡N, h¡LÉ¡m¡f hå, f¢l­n­o qW¡v HL¢ce p¢å-ÙÛ¡fe J
f¤e¢jÑmez HlLj fË¡uC qu, ¢h­no EcÚ­hNl L¡lZ e¡Cz ¢L¿¹¥ Bf¡aa AhÙÛ¡¢V
p¤¤¢hd¡SeL euz Nª¢qZ£ S¿¹-¥ S¡­e¡u¡l ­j¡­VC fR¾c L­le e¡z hwn­m¡Q­el
HLh¡l L¥L¥l ­f¡o¡l nM qCu¡¢Rm, ¢L¿¹¥ Nª¢qZ£l fËhm Bf¢š­a a¡q¡ pgm qu
e¡Cz BS H­L Lmq Q¢m­a­Rz a¡l Efl R¡Nm mCu¡ ­N­m Bl lr¡ b¡¢L­h
e¡z H­L jep¡, a¡u d¤e¡l Nåz''139
l¡S­nM­ll ­mM¡ Q¢ma i¡o¡l cªø¡¿¹ :
""fl¢ce ¢h­L­m ­k¡N£­el L¡­R ­Nm¤jz f¡ä¡, L¡‰¡l¦, ¢q­è¡, L¡­m¡
l¡Sqy¡p, p¡c¡ ju§l fËi«¢a phlLj c¤mÑi fË¡Z£ ­cM¡ qmz a¡lfl h¡O ¢pw¢Nl
M¡Ju¡ ­cM¢R Hje pju eS­l fsm HLV¡ h¡O i¡m L­l M¡­µR e¡, ­ke Al¦¢Q
q­u­Rz j¡w­pl Q¡l ¢c­L ¢ae f¡­u My¥¢s­u ­hs¡­µR Bl j¡­T j¡­T HLV¥ L¡js

201
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­LE ­ke M¡h­m ¢e­u­Rz …¢m ­m­N¢Rm e¡¢L?
­k¡N£e hm­m, …¢m m¡­N¢ez h¡O¢Vl e¡j l¡j­Mm¡Je, Hl C¢aq¡p hs
Ll¦Zz f¡­nl h¡¢Oe£¢V­L ­cMz
f¡­nl My¡Q¡u ­cMm¤j HL¢V ­My¡s¡ h¡¢Oe£ l­u­Rz HlJ Al¦¢Q, ¢L¿¹¥ ah¤J
¢LR¥ M¡­µRz fËnÀ Llm¤j, c¤­V¡C ­My¡s¡ ­cM¢R, ¢L L­l Hje qm?
­k¡N£e hm­m, HC h¡¢Oe£¢Vl e¡j l¡j¢fu¡l£z l¡j­Mm¡Je Bl l¡j¢fu¡l£
c¤­V¡C hRl-c¤C B­N Nu¡ ­Sm¡l Nsh¢su¡l S‰­m dl¡ f­sz H­cl cÙ¹l¥ ja
j¿» f¢s­u ¢hh¡q q­u¢Rm, ¢L¿¹¥ j­el ¢jm qm e¡, a¡C Bm¡c¡ My¡Q¡u l¡M­a
q­u­Rz''140
l¡S­nMl ­k i¡o¡­aC ¢mM¤e e¡ ­Le ­L±a¥­Ll p¡jNË£ q­a a¡l ¢h¾c¥j¡œ h¡­d e¡z
Hje¢L ¢h‘¡­el ¢houJ pqS­h¡dÉ J Ef­i¡NÉ q­u J­Wz Hl hs B­lL¢V L¡lZ
B¢h×L¡l L­l­Re Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤­M¡f¡dÉ¡uz ¢a¢e h­m­Re :
""l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l ­L±a¥Llp n뜲£s¡ h¡ n­ël j¡lfyÉ¡­Ql Efl ¢eiÑl L­l e¡z
a¡ h¤¢ÜNË¡qÉ, pqS­h¡dÉ, jeeS¡az Bj¡­cl S£h­el hý p¤¤mi ï¡¢¿¹ J
Aq¢jL¡l Efl ay¡l ¢h­àoq£e f¢lq¡p J pqen£ma¡ ay¡l lQe¡u ­cM¡ k¡uz
a¡C ay¡l i¡o¡ ¢h⨭f ¢eù¥l, Bœ²j­Z ¢ejÑj, E×j¡u Ešç euz a¡ f¢lq¡p ¢pÀ‡,
­L¡jm J pwkaz''141
i¡o¡l Efl BÕQkÑ cMm ¢Rm h­mC i¡laQ¾cÊ ay¡l L¡­hÉ i¡o¡l©­fl HL AehcÉ
cªø¡¿¹ ÙÛ¡fe Ll­a ­f­l¢R­mez AhnÉ ay¡l p­‰ k¤š² ¢Rm i¡laQ­¾cÊl l¢pL jez
"Aæc¡j‰m L¡­hÉ' a¡l ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥ Lb¡ ­a¡ fËh¡­c f¢lZa q­u­Rz ­kje "h¡­Ol ¢hœ²j pj
j¡­Ol ¢qj¡¢j' Abh¡ "j­¿»l p¡de ¢Lð¡ nl£l f¡ae'z ­plLjC flöl¡­jl ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥ Lb¡
h¡‰¡m£ pj¡­S fËh¡c h¡­LÉl jkÑ¡c¡ m¡i L­l­Rz "qu, ¢L¿¹¥ z¡eÚ¢a f¡l e¡', "ms­L ­m­‰
T¥jT¥Çj¡, h¡h¤ N­äl£l¡j h¡Vf¡¢lu¡l "L¥R¢i ­e¢q, L¥R¢i ­e¢q', LÉ¡c¡l Q¡V¥­‹l "­Wy¡­Vl
¢pyc¤l Aru ­q¡L'―HC ph E¢š² fËaÉ¥¢š²…¢m ¢ejÑ¡­Z flöl¡­jl ­m¡LQ¢lœ pÇf­LÑ
­kje h¡Ù¹h ‘¡­el f¢lQu f¡Ju¡ k¡u, ­aj¢e ­p h¡Ù¹h‘¡e­L fËL¡n Ll¡l SeÉ Aá¥a
i¡o¡ ‘¡­elJ f¢lQu ­j­m, HC i¡o¡ kb¡bÑ A­bÑC hɉl¢p­Ll i¡o¡z A¢Sa cš h­m­Re
: ""­p i¡o¡ GS¥ J AmwL«a Hhw kb¡kbl©­f hš²hÉ fËL¡­nl kb¡bÑ h¡qez l¡S­nM­ll
142
h¡ýmÉh¢SÑa B­hNq£e ¢el­fr lQe¡l SeÉ H dl­Zl N­cÉlC fË­u¡Se ¢Rmz''

202
 flöl¡­jl NÒf…¢m fs­a fs­a Am¡c¡i¡­h H…¢ml °hWL£ ­jS¡­Sl ¢cL¢V
¢h­noi¡­h eS­l f­sz ay¡l hý N­Òf °hWL£ l£¢a Ae¤pªa q­u­Rz NÒfLb­el AeÉaj
­L±nm H¢Vz N­Òfl j­dÉ NÒf HC l£¢al AeÉaj °h¢nøÉz NÒfLbLJ b¡­Le HL¡¢dLz
­nË¡a¡l Ef¢ÙÛ¢a­a ­nË¡a«jäm£ f¢l­h¢øa q­u HLSe LbL NÒf öl¦ Ll­mJ flhaÑ£­a
B­l¡ NÒfLbL q¡¢Sl qez ­nË¡a¡­cl j­dÉ ­LE ­LE NÒfLbL ¢q­p­h E­W B­p Abh¡
AcªnÉ ­L¡e NÒfLb­Ll Efl NÒfLb­el c¡¢uaÆ ¢c­u j§m NÒfLbL ¢LR¥rZ ¢hnË¡j ­eez
Hhw N­Òfl ­n­o Bh¡l ¢a¢e q¡¢Sl qez Hhw NÒf ­no L­lez a­h A­eL °hWL£
NÒfC l­u­R ­kM¡­e NÒf öl¦l LbL Hhw j§m N­Òfl hš²¡ ¢iæ hÉ¢š²z h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ
A­eL ­R¡VNÒfL¡lC NÒfLb­el HC °hWL£ l£¢a¢V­L NËqZ L­l­Rez ­Lc¡le¡b
h­¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u, °œ­m¡LÉe¡b j¤­M¡f¡dÉ¡u fËjb ­Q±d¤l£l NÒf…¢m­a HC °hWL£ l£¢a Ae¤pªa
q­a ­cM¡ k¡uz a­h fËbj hÉ¡fLi¡­h J p¡bÑLi¡­h HC l£¢al hÉhq¡l L­l­Re
°œ­m¡LÉe¡b j¤­M¡f¡dÉ¡uz °hWL£ l£¢al hÉhq¡­l l¡S­nMl hp¤ ay¡lC p¡bÑL Ešl¡¢dL¡l£z
l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l N­Òf ­k °hWLM¡e¡…¢ml f¢lQu f¡Ju¡ k¡u ­p…¢m qm :
1) l¡uh¡q¡c¤l S¢jc¡l hwn­m¡Qe h¡h¤l °hWLM¡e¡z HC °hW­Ll pcpÉl¡ q­me hwn­m¡Qe
h¡h¤, ¢h­e¡c E¢Lm, e­Ne, Ecu, hªÜ ­Lc¡l Q¡V¥­SÉ ;
2) ¢cõ£l ­N¡m j¡­LÑ­Vl N¢ml ­j¡­s L¡m£h¡h¤l "LÉ¡mL¡V¡ ¢V LÉ¡¢he' Hhw ­pC °hW­Ll
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¢pw¢N, ¢l­f¡VÑ¡l Aa¥m …ç Hhw SV¡dl hLÚn£;
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A¢ja¡ J ay¡l ü¡j£ l­jn X¡š²¡l Hhw ­N¡f¡mh¡h¤l faÀ£ e¢ja¡;
4) ka£n ¢j­œl B—¡ Hhw ay¡l pcpÉ hªÜ ¢fe¡L£ phÑ‘, a¡¢LÑL E­fe cš, m¢ma
p¡­äm Hhw p¡¢q¢aÉL ka£n ¢j¢šl Hhw A¢eu¢ja pcpÉ i¨f¢a j¤M¤­SÉz
5) LÉ¡mL¡V¡ ¢g¢Sp¡¢SÑLÉ¡m LÓ¡­hl p¡ç¡¢qL p¡åÉ °hWL (kc¤ X¡š²¡­ll ­f­n¾V)z
HR¡s¡J flöl¡­jl B­l¡ A­eL…¢m NÒf l­u­R ­kM¡­e fË¢a¢ùa ­L¡e °hWLM¡e¡
e¡ b¡L­mJ ­p NÒf…¢m­aJ °hWL£ ­jS¡S Ae¤i¨a quz "HLNy¥­u h¡bÑ¡', "L¡jl©¢fZ£'
"de¤j¡j¡l q¡¢p', "il­al T¥jT¥¢j', "…f£ p¡­qh, "­fËj Qœ²', "¢Q¢Lvp¡ pˆV',
"¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡', "l¡jl¡SÉ', "¢ae ¢hd¡a¡', "¢Ql”£h', "c£­e­nl i¡NÉ', "­n¡e¡Lb¡', "paÉpå
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203
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l£¢a hÉhq¡l L­l­Re a¡l¡ hɉ p¡¢q¢aÉL ¢q­p­hJ pj¡e MÉ¡az ­Lc¡le¡b h­¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u,
°œ­m¡LÉe¡b j¤­M¡f¡dÉ¡u, fËjb ­Q±d¤l£ fËi«¢a pL­ml pÇf­LÑC H Lb¡ fË­k¡SÉz flöl¡jJ
ay¡l N­Òf hɉpª¢øl HL¢V ­L±nm ¢q­p­h °hWL£ NÒf­L hÉhq¡l L­l­Rez l¡S­nM­ll
A­eL NÒfC ­a¡ B—¡l B­m¡Qe¡ ­b­L Blñ q­u­Rz a¡q­m ¢L l‰-hÉ­‰l pª¢øl p­‰
°hWL£ N­Òfl ­L¡e ­k¡N B­R? Bp­m °hWL£ N­Òf hÉ­‰l ¢hou­L e¡e¡ cª¢ø­L¡Z ­b­L
­cM¡ k¡uz ¢h¢iæ ­L±¢ZL c§l­aÆ hÉ­‰l l¢nÈ­L ¢e­rf Ll¡ k¡uz Hlg­m hɉ p¡¢q­aÉl
E­ŸnÉ A­eLV¡C h¡Ù¹h¡¢ua quz qu­a¡ ­p L¡l­ZC flöl¡jJ ay¡l N­Òf °hWL£ l£¢a
NËqZ L­l­Rez öd¤ a¡C eu °hWL£ ­jS¡­Sl ­k hÉ¡fL J ¢h¢Qœ hÉhq¡l ¢a¢e ay¡l N­Òf
L­l­Re h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ a¡ Bl L¡­l¡ N­Òf f¡Ju¡ k¡u e¡z

flöl¡j q¡pÉl¢pL H ¢ho­u ­L¡e p­¾cq ­eCz B¢hiÑ¡hm­NÀC flöl¡j HLb¡

h¤¢T­u ¢c­u¢R­me f¡WL­Lz nË£L¥j¡l h­¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u l¡S­nM­ll B¢hiÑ¡­h h­m­Re :
""pL­mC HLh¡­LÉ ü£L¡l L­le ­k h‰-p¡¢q­aÉ HLSe fËbj ­nËZ£l q¡pÉl¢pL ­cM¡
¢cu¡­Rez''143 B¢hiÑ¡hm­NÀ l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ ay¡l N­Òfl jdÉ ¢c­u q¡pÉl¢p­Ll ­k fË¢anË¥¢a
­l­M¢R­me NÒf ­mM¡l ­no¢ce fkÑ¿¹ ­p fË¢anË¥¢a f¡me L­l¢R­mez ay¡l fËbj fËL¡¢na
NÒf "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX'-H ­k plpa¡l f¢lQu B­R S£h­el ­n­ol ¢c­Ll
NÒf…¢mJ ­aj¢e pj¡e plpz ¢L¿¹¥ ­Lje dl­Zl q¡pÉl¢pL ¢a¢e? ¢eRL ­L±a¥L pª¢ø Ll¡
¢eÕQuC ay¡l q¡¢pl EŸnÉ ¢Rm e¡z ¢a¢e ¢e­S kaC hm¤e : ""f¢lq¡p R¡s¡ Bl ¢LR¥
144
E­ŸnÉ ¢e­u ¢m¢M¢ez LMeJ ­L¡e ­m¡L­L mrÉ L­l Bœ²j­Zl SeÉ ¢LR¥ ¢m¢M¢ez...''
HLb¡ ¢àd¡q£ei¡­h NËqZ Ll¡ k¡u e¡z E­ŸnÉ ­a¡ AhnÉC ¢Rmz f¢lq¡­pl ­pË¡­a ­p
E­ŸnÉ­L Q¡¢ma L­l­Re ¢a¢ez °h‘¡¢e­Ll cª¢ø­a AaÉ¿¹ ¢e¢mÑç i¢‰­a hÉ¢š² S£he J
pj¡S S£h­el LfVa¡ J nWa¡­L ¢hâ¨f L­l­Rez "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX' N­Òf ¢p­ÜnÄl£
¢m¢j­VX, Abh¡ "¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡' N­Òf ¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡ ­a¡ Bj¡­cl d­jÑl e¡­j iä¡j£l fË¢aC
LV¡rf¡az öd¤ "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX' Abh¡ "¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡' eu l¡S­nMl ay¡l ¢h¢iæ
N­Òf j¡e¤­ol Ap¡d¤a¡, LfVa¡, j§MÑa¡, pwú¡l¡µRæa¡ J e¡e¡ fËL¡l Q¡¢l¢œL Ap‰¢a­L
¢hâ¨fh¡­Z ¢hÜ L­l­Rez A¢Sa cš kb¡bÑC h­m­Re :

204
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l¡S­nM­ll jee J ¢Q¿¹¡ LM­e¡ hɉNÒfl©­f LM­e¡ k¤¢š²¢eù fËhål©­f fËL¡¢na
e¡ q­u­Rz''145
kb¡bÑ A­bÑC l¡S­nMl satirist. h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉl ­nËø satirist ¢a¢ez pj¡­S kMe
fËhm pwLV Oe£i¨a q­u B­p, e¡e¡ BhSÑe¡u pj¡­Sl Qm¡l fb qu l¦Ü, ¢ho¡š² h¡u¤­a
kMe pj¡­Sl BL¡n h¡a¡p c§¢oa q­u J­W aMeC B¢hiѨa qe satirist. q¡pÉl­pl p­‰
¢hâ¨f-¢ho ¢j¢n­u f¢l­hne L­le ¢a¢ez H L¡­S ­k ¢nÒf£ ka ­hn£ pgm ­p aa hs
satirist. h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ l¡S­nMl hp¤¤J H lLjC HL ­fËr¡f­V B¢hiѨa q­u¢R­mez

q¡­a ¢Rm a¡l flöl¡­jl L¥W¡lz ­pC L¥W¡l ¢c­u pj¡­Sl pjÙ¹ S”¡­ml Efl MsNqÙ¹
q­u¢R­me ¢a¢ez M¤h ü¡i¡¢hLi¡­hC ay¡l ­mM¢e­a H­p­R ¢hâ¨fz ay¡l q¡¢p a¡C
satirist-Hl q¡¢pz H q¡¢p kaV¡ pq¡e¤i¨¢al l­p ¢pÀ‡ a¡l ­b­L A­eL ­hn£ ¢h⨭fl

L­o Lo¡¢uaz HLSe EµQj¡­el satirist-Hl ­k dl­Zl p§rÈ fkÑ­hrZ n¢š² b¡L¡ clL¡l
l¡S­nM­ll a¡ ¢Rmz
a­h HLb¡J j­e l¡M¡ clL¡l ­k l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ ­k Satire lQe¡ L­l­Re ­pM¡­e
fËQ¥l q¡¢pl Ef¡c¡e b¡L­mJ ­L¡b¡J EµRÅ¡p ­eC, h¡s¡h¡¢s ­eC, ¢qwpËa¡ ­a¡ ­eCCz
Bp­m l¡S­nM­ll hÉ¢š²Nai¡­h M¤h Q¡f¡ üi¡­hl ¢R­mez ­L¡e ¢ho­uC M¤h E­š¢Sa
q­u fs­ae e¡z p¡¢qaÉ lQe¡l pjuJ ay¡l HC üi¡h ay¡­L f¢lQ¡¢ma L­l­Rz f¢ljm
­N¡ü¡j£ H fËp­‰ h­m­Re :
""¢a¢e M¤h d£l¢ÙÛli¡­h ph mrÉ L­l­Re, j­e j­e ­L±a¥L Ae¤ih L­l­Re
Hhw a£hË ¢h⨭fl ¢hou­LJ ­L±a¥­L j¤­s NÒf lQe¡ L­l­Rez ay¡l j­e¡SN­a
ka TsC EW¥L, a¡ A¢a Ni£l ­c­n Q¡f¡ b¡Laz h¡C­l ­kV¥L¥ fËL¡n, a¡ n¡¿¹,
pwka Hhw L¡E­L Bœ²jZ Ll¡ h¡ BO¡a ­ch¡l SeÉ ¢a¢e Lmj d­le¢ez
ay¡l j¡ep djÑ ¢h­nÔoZ Ll­mJ ¢h‘¡e J p¡¢qaÉ f’¡n-f’¡n Ae¤f¡­a f¡Ju¡
k¡­hz pj¡S­L h¡ j¡e¤o­L ¢a¢e °h‘¡¢e­Ll ¢el­fr cª¢ø­a ­cM¡l ­Qø¡ L­l­Re
Hhw ­pC ­cM¡­L ¢a¢e lppjªÜ L­l­Re ay¡l ¢nÒf£l je ¢c­uz''146
­kje dl¡ ­k­a f¡­l "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX' NÒf¢Vl Lb¡z NÒf¢V­a ­k HL¢V ¢h­no
pj­ul ¢LR¥ j¡e¤­­ol fËa¡lL üi¡h­L p¤¤¢ef¤Zi¡­h hɉ Ll¡ q­u­R ­p ¢ho­u ­L¡e p­¾cq
­eCz H N­Òfl Q¢lœ N­ä¢ll¡j h­m­Re : ""pwp¡­ll ­m¡L ph ­ke ­is¡l f¡mz HL
­is¡ k¢c M¡­Ÿ­j ¢Nl f­s ­a¡ ph­L¡C E¢p­j O¤­p''z HM¡­e j¡e¤o­L ­is¡l f¡m hm¡l
205
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HLV¥ ­i­h ­cM­m ­cM¡ k¡u N­Òfl Q¢lœl¡ fËa¡lL qJu¡ p­šÄJ H­cl L¡­l¡l EflC
Bj¡­cl ¢h­ào SeÈ¡u e¡z hlw ­L±a¥Ll­pl EvL«ø ¢ecnÑel©­f H N­Òfl Q¢lœ…¢m Hhw
a¡­cl pwm¡f…¢m j­el j­dÉ E‹Æm q­u b¡­Lz p¤¤al¡w k¡l¡ h­me ­k hÉ­‰l ­My¡Q¡V¡
fËd¡e e¡ q­m Hhw Q¢l­œl ¢hl¦­Ü OªZ¡ S¡N¡­a e¡ f¡l­m HLLb¡u "jÉ¡¢mp' ­b­L
S¡a e¡ q­m EµQ¡­‰l Satire qu e¡ a¡l¡ l¡S­nM­ll H NÒf…¢m ­b­L HLV¥ ¢iæ d¡lZ¡
­f­a f¡­lez j­e l¡M­a q­h l¡S­nMl satirist ¢R­me ¢WLC ¢L¿¹¥ a¡yl Satire a£hË
­L±a¥­Ll lP j¡M¡­e¡z f¢ljm ­N¡ü¡j£ h­m­Re :
""ay¡l q¡­a pÉ¡V¡u¡¢l­øl Q¡h¤L ¢Rm e¡, ¢Rm Cr¥cä, a¡ ¢c­u BO¡­al i¢‰­a
a¡l lpV¡C ay¡l f¢l­hn­el mrÉ ¢Rmz L¡WMs Hhw HL­j­V fkÑ¿¹ pÉ¡V¡u¡l,
­c¡­j­V AhÙÛ¡ Hhw lP m¡N¡­e¡ phC q¡pÉl­plz''147
p¤¤al¡w hm¡ ­k­a f¡­l flöl¡j öd¤ pÉ¡V¡u¡¢lø eez ay¡l N­Òf pÉ¡V¡u¡l ­kje
B­R ­aj¢e B­R ECV, ¢qEj¡l J g¡­el Ef¢ÙÛ¢az ph ¢j¢m­u HLSe ­nËù q¡pÉl­pl
¢nÒf£l ­k …Z…¢m b¡L¡ fË­u¡Se a¡ flöl¡­jl ¢Rmz SNc£n i–¡Q¡kÑ h­m­Re :
""ECV, ¢qEj¡l, g¡e J pÉ¡V¡u¡l ¢j¢m­u ­k q¡pÉplpa¡ a¡lC L¥nm£ ¢nÒf£
8
flöl¡jz ay¡l lQe¡u l‰hɉ ­kje B­R ­aj¢e B­R ¢höÜ ­L±a¥Lq¡pÉz''14
l¡S­nMl hp¤¤l q¡pÉl¢pL ¢nÒf£pš¡­L BlJ ­hn£ r¥ld¡l L­l¢Rm ay¡l Aá¥v fkÑ­hrZ
rja¡ J ¢h­nÔoZ£ n¢š²z SNv J S£he­L °h‘¡¢e­Ll ¢el¡pš² cª¢ø­a ­c­M¢R­me ¢a¢ez
qu­a¡ H L¡l­ZC p¤¤e£¢aL¥j¡l Q­–¡f¡dÉ¡u l¡S­nMl­L "p¤¤h¤¢Ü ¢hm¡p' A¢id¡u A¢i¢qa
L­l h­m­Re :
"" lphÙ¹¥ k¡ a¡l ­mM¡u Bjl¡ f¡C, Bl f¡C h­mC ay¡­L Bjl¡ R¡s­a
f¡¢l e¡, ay¡­L Eá¡¢pa L­l ­l­M­R ‘¡e-¢h‘¡efËp§a HL A¢a Ap¡d¡lZ
p¡d¡lZ-h¤¢Ü, Cwl¡¢S­a k¡­L hmh "most uncommon commonsense`h¡
p¤¤h¤¢Ül ­SÉ¡¢az''?149
―HC fË¢ai¡ J cra¡ ¢e­uC l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ q­u E­W­Re h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉl ­nËù satirist.

206
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A¢ja¡i ­Q±d¤¢l, Hj. ¢p plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, 14, h¢ˆj Q¡V¥­SÉ
ØVÊ£V, L¢mL¡a¡-73, 2001, fª. 2z
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3) a­ch, fª. 3z

4) i¨¢jL¡, fËjbe¡b ¢hn£, flöl¡j NÒfpjNË, l¡S­nMl hp¤¤, pÇf¡ce¡ : c£fˆl

hp¤¤, Hj.¢p plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, 14, h¢ˆj Q¡V¥­SÉ ØVÊ£V,

L¢mL¡a¡-73, fª. 13z

5) a­ch, fª. 14z

6) A¢àa£u l¡S­nMl, A¢ja¡i ­Q±d¤¢l, Hj. ¢p plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV

¢m¢j­VX, 14, h¢ˆj Q¡V¥­SÉ ØVÊ£V, L¢mL¡a¡-73, 2001, fª. 5z
7) Lb¡p¡¢qaÉ, l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ pwhdÑe¡ pwMÉ¡ : nË¡hZ 1360, EÜ«a : i¨¢jL¡, nË£
fËjbe¡b ¢hn£, flöl¡j NÒfpjNË, pÇf¡ce¡ : c£fˆl hp¤¤, fª. 9z
8) L)i¨¢jL¡, fËjbe¡b ¢hn£, flöl¡j NÒfpjNË, pÇf¡ce¡: c£fˆl hp¤¤, Hj.¢p

plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, 14, h¢ˆj Q¡V¥­SÉ ØVÊ£V, L¢mL¡a¡-
73, fª. 11z

M) pjNË Øj«¢a¢Qœ, f¢ljm ­N¡ü¡j£, Be¾c f¡h¢mn¡pÑ fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, 45

­h¢eu¡­V¡m¡ ­me, LmL¡a¡ -700009, fª. 360z
N) a­ch, fª. 363z
O) a­ch, fª. 283z
9) A¢àa£u l¡S­nMl, A¢ja¡i ­Q±d¤¢l, Hj.¢p plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX,
14, h¢ˆj Q¡V¥­SÉ ØVÊ£V, L¢mL¡a¡-73, 2001, fª. 8-9z
10) a­ch, fª. 8-9z
11) h¡wm¡ ­R¡VNÒf: fËp‰ J fËLlZ, h£­l¾cÊ cš, f¤Ù¹L ¢hf¢Z, 27 ­h¢eu¡­V¡m¡ ­me,
LmL¡a¡ 700009, fª. 30z

207
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13) flöl¡j NÒfpjNË, pÇf¡ce¡: c£fˆl hp¤¤, Hj. ¢p plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV
¢m¢j­VX, 14, h¢ˆj Q¡V¥­SÉ ØVÊ£V, L¢mL¡a¡-73, e­iðl 1992, fª. 820z
14) a­ch, fª. 821z
15) a­ch, fª. 822z
16) h¡wm¡ ­R¡VNÒf : fËp‰ J fËLlZ, h£­l¾cÊ cš, f¤Ù¹L ¢hf¢Z, 27 ­h¢eu¡­V¡m¡
­me, LmL¡a¡ 700009, fª. 31z
17) a­ch, fª. 31z

18) flöl¡j NÒfpjNË, pÇf¡ce¡ : c£fˆl hp¤¤, Hj. ¢p plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p
fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, 14, h¢ˆj Q¡V¥­SÉ ØVÊ£V, L¢mL¡a¡-73, fª. 820z
19) h¡wm¡ ­R¡VNÒf : fËp‰ J fËLlZ, h£­l¾cÊ cš, f¤Ù¹L ¢hf¢Z, 27 ­h¢eu¡­V¡m¡
­me, LmL¡a¡ 700009, fª. 29z
20) e¡l¡uZ N­‰¡f¡dÉ¡u, EÜ«a : A¢àa£u l¡S­nMl, A¢ja¡i ­Q±d¤¢l, Hj. ¢p plL¡l
AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, 14, h¢ˆj Q¡V¥­SÉ ØVÊ£V, L¢mL¡a¡-73, 2001, fª.
34z
21) h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉl ­R¡VNÒf J NÒfL¡l, nË£i¨­ch ­Q±d¤l£, jX¡ZÑ h¤L H­S¾p£ fË¡C­iV

¢m¢j­VX, 10 h¢ˆj QÉ¡V¡SÑ£ ØVÊ£V, LmL¡a¡ 700073, f’j fËL¡n (ea¥e

pwúlZ): 2003, fª. 244z
22) q¡pÉl¢pL flöl¡j, nË£p¤­¤ h¡dQ¾cÊ ­pe…ç, H j¤M¡SÑ£ AÉ¡ä ­L¡Çf¡e£ fË¡C­iV
¢m¢j­VX, L¢mL¡a¡ 700073, ¢àa£u fËL¡n : hC­jm¡ 1399, fª. 1z
23) i¨¢jL¡, fËjbe¡b ¢hn£, flöl¡j NÒfpjNË, pÇf¡ce¡: c£fˆl hp¤¤, Hj. ¢p
plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, 14, h¢ˆj Q¡V¥­SÉ ØVÊ£V, L¢mL¡a¡-
73, e­iðl 1992, fª. 9z
24) h‰p¡¢q­aÉ q¡pÉl­pl d¡l¡, A¢SaL¥j¡l ­O¡o, Ll¦Z¡ fËL¡ne£, 18 H ­Vj¡l­me,
a«a£u pwúlZ-1989, fª. 448z
25) L¡­ml f¤š¢mL¡, Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤­M¡f¡dÉ¡u, ­c'S f¡h¢m¢nw, 13 h¢ˆj QÉ¡V¡SÑ£
ØVÊ£V, LmL¡a¡-73, ¢àa£u pwúlZ, L¡¢aÑL 1406, e­iðl 1999, fª. 144z
26) h¡wm¡ NÒf ¢h¢Qœ¡, e¡l¡uZ N­‰¡f¡dÉ¡u, fËL¡n ihe, 15, h¢ˆj QÉ¡V¡SÑ£ ØVÊ£V,
208
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27) h‰p¡¢q­aÉ EfeÉ¡­pl d¡l¡, nË£L¥j¡l h­¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u, jX¡ZÑ h¤L H­S¾p£ fË¡C­iV
¢m¢j­VX, 10 h¢ˆj QÉ¡V¡SÑ£ ØVÊ£V, f¤ejѤâZ 2001, fª. 388z
28) h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉl pÇf¨ZÑ C¢ahªš, X. A¢paL¥j¡l h­¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u, LmL¡a¡, jX¡ZÑ
h¤L H­S¾p£ fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, 10 h¢ˆj QÉ¡V¡SÑ£ ØVÊ£V, LmL¡a¡, fËbj pwúlZ
2002, fª. 564z
29) i¨¢jL¡, fËjbe¡b ¢hn£, flöl¡j NÒfpjNË, pÇf¡ce¡ : c£fˆl hp¤¤, Hj. ¢p
plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, 14, h¢ˆj Q¡V¥­SÉ ØVÊ£V, L¢mL¡a¡-
73, e­iðl 1992, fª. 18z

30) flöl¡j NÒfpjNË, pÇf¡ce¡ : c£fˆl hp¤¤, Hj. ¢p plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p
fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, 14, h¢ˆj Q¡V¥­SÉ ØVÊ£V, L¢mL¡a¡-73, fª. 820z
31) q¡pÉl¢pL flöl¡j, nË£ p¤¤­h¡dQ¾cÊ ­pe…ç, H j¤M¡SÑ£ AÉ¡ä ­L¡Çf¡e£ fË¡C­iV
¢m¢j­VX, L¢mL¡a¡ 700073, ¢àa£u fËL¡n : hC­jm¡ 1399, fª. 55z

32) S¡h¡¢m, flöl¡j NÒfpjNËz

33) a­chz
34) a­chz
35) a­chz
36) i¨¢jL¡, fËjbe¡b ¢hn£, flöl¡j NÒfpjNË, pÇf¡ce¡: c£fˆl hp¤¤, Hj. ¢p
plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, 14, h¢ˆj Q¡V¥­SÉ ØVÊ£V, L¢mL¡a¡-
73, fª. 27z
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38) a­chz

39) a­chz

40) a­chz

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ØVÊ£V, L¢mL¡a¡-73, ¢àa£u pwúlZ, fª. 38z
44) flöl¡j NÒfpjNË, pÇf¡ce¡: c£fˆl hp¤¤, Hj. ¢p plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV
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45) a­ch, fª. 262z
46) a­ch, fª. 325z

47) "il­al T¥jT¥¢j', flöl¡j NÒfpjNËz

48) a­chz

49) a­chz

50) q¡pÉl¢pL flöl¡j, nË£ p¤¤­h¡dQ¾cÊ ­pe…ç, H j¤M¡SÑ£ AÉ¡ä ­L¡Çf¡e£

fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, L¢mL¡a¡ 700073, ¢àa£u fËL¡n : hC­jm¡ 1399, fª.

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51) "kk¡¢al kl¡', flöl¡j NÒfpjNËz

52) "LcÑj ­jMm¡', flöl¡j NÒfpjNËz

53) "qe¤j¡­el üfÀ', flöl¡j NÒfpjNËz

54) a­chz

55) "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX', flöl¡j NÒfpjNËz

56) a­ch

57) h¡wm¡ ­R¡VNÒf: fËp‰ J fËLlZ, h£­l¾cÊ cš, f¤Ù¹L ¢hf¢Z, 27 ­h¢eu¡­V¡m¡ ­me,
LmL¡a¡ 700009, fª. 41z

58) "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX', flöl¡j NÒfpjNËz

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fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, 10 h¢ˆj QÉ¡V¡SÑ£ ØVÊ£V, LmL¡a¡, fËbj pwúlZ: 2002, fª.

210
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60) "nË£nË£¢p­ÜnÄl£ ¢m¢j­VX', flöl¡j NÒfpjNËz

61) flöl¡­jl NÒf: à¾à J pjeÄu, E‹Æm N­‰¡f¡dÉ¡u, LmL¡a¡-9, f¤ÙL

¹ ¢hf¢e,
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62) flöl¡­jl NÒf: à¾à J pjeÄu, E‹Æm N­‰¡f¡dÉ¡u, LmL¡a¡-9, f¤ÙL
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27 ­h¢eu¡­V¡m¡ ­me, fËbj fËL¡n e­iðl-2011, fª. 35z
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¢hf¢e, 27 ­h¢eu¡­V¡m¡ ­me, fËbj fËL¡n: e­iðl-2011, fª. 35z
64) "¢h¢l¢’h¡h¡', flöl¡j NÒfpjNË
65) a­chz

66) a­chz

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68) "…l¦ ¢hc¡u', flöl¡j NÒfpjNzË

69) a­chz

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74) "¢Q¢Lvp¡ pwLV, flöl¡j NÒfpjNË

75) a­ch

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77) "kc¤ X¡š²¡­ll ­f­n¾V', flöl¡j NÒfpjNËz

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84) "Aœ²¥l pwh¡c', flöl¡j NÒfpjNËz

85) a­chz

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a«a£u pwúlZ-1989, fª. 29z

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91) "i¨nä£l j¡­W', flöl¡j NÒfpjNËz

92) a­chz

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215