Activity: HIV

 How can HIV be transmitted through intercourse?

The most common way for HIV to be transmitted is through unprotected vaginal
intercourse. In women, HIV can be transmitted through small tears in the lining of the
vagina. The virus can also be absorbed in the lining of the vagina and cervix. In men,
HIV can enter the body through the urethra and through small cuts, abrasions, inner
foreskin tissue, or open sores on the penis.

 What type of intercourse has the highest risk for transmission?

Anal intercourse has the highest risk for HIV transmission of any form of insertive sex.

 What are effective ways to avoid HIV?

The most effective way to avoid HIV is to abstain from sex. If you choose to have
vaginal or anal intercourse, a latex condom can help to prevent the spread of HIV. You
can also prevent the spread of HIV by treating your STD’s. In addition, Antiretroviral
Therapy can reduce the risk of HIV transmission between partners by reducing the
amount of HIV in the infected partners body.

 What is ART?

ART, also known as Antiretroviral therapy, can help to reduce the amount of HIV in the
infected partner. Early treatment can help to greatly reduce the risk of transmitting HIV
through intercourse and sexual fluids.

 What are Microbicides? How do they work?

Microbicides are gels and creams that can be applied inside the vagina or rectum that can
help to prevent against HIV by lubricating and reducing the chance of microtears in the
lining. This creates a physical barrier against HIV, preventing viral replication.

 What is PEP?

PEP stands for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and it may prevent the replication and spread
of HIV. PEP involves taking Anti-HIV drugs to reduce the chance of becoming HIV
positive after exposure. To be effective, PEP must begin within 72 hours of first exposure
to HIV. However, it is not 100% effective.

 What is PrEP
PrEP stands for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and it may also help prevent HIV transmission.
A form of PrEP is a combination of two antiretroviral drugs available in the form of a
once-daily pill. PrEP should only be used in combination with other HIV prevention
strategies, such as condom use.