PHILOSOPHY: LOGIC

Final Examination

MACASO, REYMHEL BSA 3A

I. On Categorical Syllogism

Do the Following: 50 points

a. Determine the Figure
b. Write the Mood
c. Change the syllogism to symbols
d. Determine whether valid or invalid
e. Give the rule(s) violated
1. All whales are mammals.
But, all mammals are vertebrates.
Therefore, some vertebrates are whales.
a. Figure 4 (Pre-Sub)
b. AAI
c. Pu + Mp
Mu + Sp
Sp + Pp
d. Valid
e. Rule 2: Whatever are the qualities of the terms in the premises must be the same in the conclusion.

2. Some students are serious in their studies.

But, some Taclobanons are serious in their studies.
Therefore, some Taclobanons are religious.
a. Figure 2 (Pre-Pre)
b. III
c. Pp +Mp
Sp + Mp
Sp + Pp
d. Invalid
e. Rule 1: Only three terms may occur in the categorical syllogism.
Rule 4: The middle term must not be used twice particular.
Rule 8: Both premises cannot be particular at the same time; one at least must be universal.

3. No teachers are stupid.

But no animals are tame.
Therefore, some teachers are tame and stupid.
a. Figure 3 (Sub-Sub)
b. EEI
c. Mu – Pu
Mu – Su
Mp + Pp + Sp
d. Invalid
e. Rule 1: Only three terms may occur in the categorical syllogism.
Rule 3: The middle term must not occur in the conclusion.
Rule 6: Both premises cannot be negative at the same time; one at least must be affirmative.
Rule 7: If one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative.

4. A person is capable of inventing new ideas.

But some students are also capable in inventing artifacts.
Therefore, some individuals capable of inventing ideas are students.
a. Figure 2 (Pre-Pre)
b. AII
c. Pu + Mp
Sp + Mp
Pp + Sp
d. Invalid
e. Rule 1: Only three terms may occur in the categorical syllogism.
Rule 2: Whatever are the qualities of the terms in the premises must be the same in the conclusion.
Rule 4: The middle term must not be used twice particular.

5. The concept of morality is about an act being good or evil.

But, the concept of morality is a practical topic.
Therefore, a practical topic should be on the concept of morality.
a. Figure 3 (sub-Sub)
b. AAA
c. Mu + Pp
Mu + Sp
Su + Mp
d. Invalid
e. Rule 2: Whatever are the qualities of the terms in the premises must be the same in the conclusion.
Rule 3: The middle term must not occur in the conclusion.

II. On Hypothetical Syllogism (40 points)

Identify the type of hypothetical syllogism then give its corresponding conclusion.

1. If a person is honest, he will be trustworthy. If a person is virtuous, he will attain ultimate

If he is trustworthy, he is virtuous. happiness.
Therefore, if a person is honest, he is virtuous. Therefore, if a person is wise, he will attain ultimate
Type of hypothetical syllogism: Pure Conditional happiness.
Type of hypothetical syllogism: Pure Conditional
2. A vehicle cannot be 3-wheeled and 4-wheeled at the same
time.
It is not 4-wheeled. 7. A person is either normal or abnormal.
Therefore, it is uncertain.
It is 3-wheeled. He is normal.
Therefore, it is not 4-wheeled. Therefore, he is not abnormal.
It is 4-wheeled. He is not abnormal.
Therefore, it is not 3-wheeled. Therefore, he is normal.
It is not 3-wheeled. He is abnormal.
Therefore, it is uncertain. Therefore, he is not normal.
Type of hypothetical syllogism. The Conjunctive Syllogism He is not normal.
Therefore, he is abnormal.
Type of hypothetical syllogism. The Disjunctive Syllogism
3. If a politician is corrupt, he will become a dirty millionaire.
He is corrupt.
Therefore, he will become a dirty millionaire. 8. A fruit is either ripe or unripe.
He is not corrupt. It is ripe.
Therefore, he will not become a dirty millionaire. Therefore, it is not unripe.
Type of hypothetical syllogism: Mixed Conditional It is not ripe.
Therefore, it is unripe.
4. An angel is either good or bad. It is unripe.
It is not bad. Therefore, it is not ripe.
Therefore, it is good. It is not unripe.
It is good. Therefore, it is ripe.
Therefore, it is not bad. Type of hypothetical syllogism: The Disjunctive Syllogism
It is not good.
Therefore, it is bad
It is bad. 9. If a person wants to be successful, then he should diligent
Therefore, it is not good. and industrious.
Type of hypothetical syllogism: Disjunctive Syllogism He wants to be successful.
Therefore, he should be diligent and industrious.
He does not want to be successful.
5. A person cannot be in Manila and Tacloban at the same Therefore, he should not be diligent and industrious.
time. Type of hypothetical syllogism. Mixed Conditional
He is in Tacloban.
Therefore, he is not in Manila.
He is not in Manila. 10. An Animal is either wild or tame.
Therefore, it is uncertain. It is wild.
He is in Manila. Therefore, it is not tame.
Therefore, he is not in Tacloban. It is not tame.
He is not in Tacloban. Therefore, it is wild.
Therefore, it is uncertain. It is not wild.
Type of hypothetical syllogism: Conjunctive Syllogism Therefore, it is tame.
It is tame.
Therefore, it is not wild.
6. If a person is wise, he will only do things that are virtuous.
Type of hypothetical syllogism. The Disjunctive Syllogism