TM TT L THUYT CHNG IX: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

ANEHIT R(CHO)x HCH=O; CH3CHO; O=CH-CH=O; TCHH 1. P cng: Ni ,t 0 RCH=O + H2 RCH2OH Ancol bc I
RCH=O + HCN RCH(CN)OH

XETON R(CO)xR1 hoc R(CO)x CH3COCH3; CH3COCH=CH2 C6H5-CO-CH3; TCHH 1. P cng: Ni ,t 0 RCOR1 + H2 RCH(OH)R1 Ancol bc II RCOR1 + HCN CN R C OH R1 2. P oxi ha: Xeton: -Khng lm mt mu dd Br2 -Khng lm mt mu dd KMnO4 k
thng

AXIT CACBOXYLIC R(COOH)x HCOOH; CH3COOH HOOC-COOH; TCHH 1. Tnh axit: -in li trong dd, lm qu tm ha . -P vi: baz, oxit baz, mui ca axit yu hn, kim loi trc H -Lin kt hiro lin phn t bn hn so vi ancol nn t0s cao hn.
2. P to thnh dn xut axit:
2 4 RCOOH + HOR1 t0 RCOOR1 + H2O Este

2. P oxi ha: a. Vi dd Br2, dd KMnO4: Anehit lm mt mu dd Br2, dd KMnO4 iu kin thng RCHO + Br2 + H2O RCOOH + 2HBr 3RCHO + 2KMnO4 + KOH 3RCOOK + 2MnO2 + 2H2O b. Vi AgNO3 / NH3:
RCHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH RCOONH4 + 3NH3 + H2O + 2Ag

H SO d

-Khng trng bc. * Khi un nng vi dung dch KMnO4 / H+ ,xeton b gy mch cacbon nhm -CO- to thnh hn hp cc axit cacboxylic VD: + KMnO4 CH3COCH3 H + ,t 0 CH3COOH + HCOOH 3. P th gc hirocacbon: VD: CH 3COOH CH3-CO-CH3 + Br2
CH3-CO-CH2Br + HBr

2 5 2RCOOH (RCO)2O ( H 2O ) Anhirit ca RCOOH

PO

3. P gc hirocacbon: a. Th gc no: VD: + Cl2 , xt P CH3CH2COOH ( HCl ) CH3CHClCOOH Th cacbon b. P th gc thm: + HONO2 C6H5-COOH H 2 SO4 d ( H 2O ) COOH NO2 Axit m-nitrobenzoic

HCHO + [Ag(NH3)2]OH (NH4)2CO3 + NH3 + H2O + 4Ag R(CHO)x + 2x[Ag(NH3)2]OH R(COONH4)x + 3xNH3 + xH2O + 2x Ag

Ch : [Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 ]OH RCHO 2Ag [Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 ]OH HCHO 4Ag [Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 ]OH R(CHO)x 2xAg IU CH 1. PP chung: T ancol bc I t0 RCHO + CuO RCHO + Cu + H2O Anehit
2. PP ring c HCHO, CH3CHO

IU CH 1. PP Chung: T ancol bc II t0 RCH(OH)R1 + CuO R-CO-R1 + Cu + H2O Xeton 2. PP ring c axeton: 1.O2 ( kk ) C6H5CH(CH3)2 2.ddH 2 SO4
CH3-CO-CH3 + C6H5OH

IU CH 1. PP chung: T dx halogen + KCN R-X R-C N ( KX )

+ H 2 O , H ,t RCOOH ( NH 3 )
+ 0

CH4 + O2 HCHO + H2O

xt ,t 0

2. PP ring c CH3COOH + O2 ,( H 2O ) C2H5OH CH3COOH Mengiam

2 CH3CHO CH3COOH xt ,t 0

+O

2C2H4 + O2 2CH3CHO
PdCl2 CuCl2

CH3OH + CO

xt ,t CH3COOH