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Raj Khare (181113044)

Chemical Engineering,7th Sem
PED-II Assignment - 3

Q. What is Balance Pressure Drop and its applications?

This kind of pressure drop is seen in a horizontal condenser during partial condensation. During
partial condensation the vapor stream travels in upper portion of shell and at same time
condensate stream travels parallel to it in the lower portion of the shell. The two streams travels
across the length of the exchanger with same pressure drops as terminal pressure drops are
identical for both. This condition is termed as balanced pressure drops.
Applications:
 The concept of balanced pressure drop is applicable whenever two fluids flow parallel in
the same channel.
 The concept of Balanced pressure drop is crucial whenever it is required to subcool the
condensate to a very specific.
 Balanced pressure drop is useful in determining the sensible heat transfer area especially
in case of 1-2 heat exchangers where determination of flow area in lower part of shell is
very difficult.
Q. What are non-condensable gases and their impact on condensation?
A non-condensable gas is actually a superheated gas which is not cooled to its saturation
temperature while the vapor itself is condensed. For example the presence of air in the
condensation of steam, here air is the non-condensable gas.
Impact:
 Not removing air or non-condensable gases from the steam system can reduce heat
transfer efficiencies by 21% or more depending on the air concentration in the steam
system.
 The non-condensable gases form a stagnant film on the walls of the heat transfer surface,
which creates a resistance. A film of air or non-condensable gases that is only one
thousandth of an inch thick has the resistance of a three-inch wall of iron.
 The thickness of a stagnant film of air can vary due to velocities, baffles, flow direction,
metal finish, and other heat transfer internal designs. This factor can also lead to
problems with uneven heating of products.
 A Nozzle is there in the condenser to vent out non condensable gases.

Q. What is sensible heat?

It is the amount of heat added or removed from the substance that is responsible for change in
temperature of substance. The addition or removal of sensible heat results in change in
temperature while there is no change in phase of the substance. The heat involved in phase
change is the latent heat.
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Q. What do you mean by sub-cooling?

The process of maintaining the liquid well below its boiling point or saturation temperature is
termed as sub-cooling and such a liquid is termed as sub-cooled liquid. For example - the boiling
point of water is 100 degree. Centigrade, then the water at room temperature (say 27 degree
centigrade) is referred to as sub-cooled liquid.

References

 Process Heat Transfer by Donald Q. Kern

 http://www.jonesairconditioning.com/hvac-quick-tips/what-is-subcooling
 https://www.uniklinger.com/blog-detail/effect-of-air-and-non-condensable-gases-in-
steam-system