1. What is the least count?

The smallest value measured by the measuring instrument is called the least count.

2. What is Quality?

Quality means Customer Satisfaction.

Quality is how well the finished product meets the design specification.

3. How do you handle customer complaints?

Containment action → Physical Part Verification → Why Why analysis → Occurrence root cause →
Outflow root cause → Action Plan → Horizontal Deployment →Effectiveness Monitoring

4. Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP) is used by OEM and its supplier to develop a part.
It is a process that was developed in the late 1980s by General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler. It
is a structured framework of procedures and techniques to develop a part within timeline.

It is also called a timing plan.

Phase 1: Planning.
Phase 2: Product Design and Development.
Phase 3: Process Design and Development.
Phase 4: Product and Process Validation.
Phase 5: Feedback and Continuous Improvement .
5. What do you mean by Lean?

Lean means creating more value for customers with fewer resources.

6. What is Control Chart?

A control chart is used to determine the presence of special causes in our process.

7. Which is more reliable – CPk or Ppk?

CPk is more reliable as Cpk is calculated throughout mass production.

8. What is lean?

Lean is creating more value for customers with fewer resources. Lean works on reducing 7 waste
(TIMWOOD).

9. What is TIMWOOD?

The seven wastes are Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overproduction, Over-

processing, and Defects. They are often referred to by the acronym 'TIMWOOD'

10.  While starting a Six Sigma project, what do we need to see first?

First, we need to see that process is in control or not (stability), and if data is normal or not, if the
process is not stable, we cannot run the project, we need to make the process stable, then we need
to see the process normality, as per the process normality/non-normality we do the process
capability to see whether the process is capable enough to run the project. There should not be any
special cause available in process.

11. What is the difference between specification limits and control limits?

Control limits are process-driven. It refers to the real-time value that the process is operating on.
Whereas, the specification limit is given by the client and the process targets are set by the client
based on market performance.

12. Name the different kinds of variations used in six sigma?

Mean
Median
Range
Mode

13. Explain the concept of the fishbone/Ishikawa diagram?

It is a visualization tool to categorize the potential causes of a problem to identify its root cause.
14. What is the Pareto Principle?

It is a prioritization tool that tells which problem to fix first.

If 20% of the workers deliver 80% of the results, 20% of the worker should be rewarded and
retained.

15. What are the 3 basic properties of data?

1. Central tendency of Data
2. Variation in Data
3. Shape of Data

16. What does the six sigma performance measurement involve?

Average and variation computation

17. Which provides the high level view of the process?

SIPOC Diagram

18. What is Muda, Muri & Mura?

Muda: Waste
Muri: Overburden
Mura: Imbalance

19. What’s the difference between Lean and Six Sigma?

Lean focuses on eliminating unnecessary steps in a process as they are the root cause of
waste and no value is added to the process by them, whereas, Six Sigma states that waste
actually results from variation in the process.
Both the methods being correct, are utilized by organizations as a mixed approach of Lean Six
Sigma.

20. What is IATF 16949:2016?

 IATF 16949:2016 is an internationally recognized quality management system (QMS)
standard for the Automotive industry.

21. What is ISO 9001?

ISO 9001 is the internationally recognized Quality Management System (QMS) standard that
can benefit any size organization.