Properties of Water Part 1

De Los Santos, Pelausa, Tubay

I. INTRODUCTION

Water is a substance composed of the chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen exist in
gaseous, liquid and solid states. It is one of the most abundant and important compounds. It is an
odorless and tasteless liquid at room temperature. It has an important ability to dissolve many other
substances. In fact, the versatility of water as a solvent is essential for living organisms. It is believed
that life originated from the aqueous solutions of the world's oceans, and organisms rely on aqueous
solutions, such as blood and digestive juices, to carry out biological processes that is why it is
considered the universal solvent. Water molecules are polar molecules with opposite ends and
opposite charges. Polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other. In the
experiment, there are five tests in order to determine what are the properties of water. The five
experiments are Color Chromatography, Walking water, Atmospheric pressure, Layered liquids and
Optical Inversion. Each of the experiments will show the properties of water which are the density,
capillary action, polarity, solvent, and surface tension.

Mission

The goal of this experiment is to know what are the properties of water and what is the huge
impact of water in our everyday life.

Experiment 1: Color Chromatography

Hypothesis

If the colors of the black ink have separated into various colors, therefore papers can be
used to separate mixed chemicals.

Methodology

In this experiment, we are determining the properties of water. On a four-inch strip of paper,
draw a horizontal line in the middle of the paper, about 10 inches above the bottom line. Fill a cup of
water with about a quarter of the cup and then hang the pencil on the edge of the glass to let the
strip of paper sit on the surface of the water. As the paper absorbs the water , the marks begin to
spread upward and begin to show different color changes. The color displayed on the paper is the
chemical substance contained in the mark. The independent variable is the solubility of the pigment,
and the dependent variable is the movement of the pigment on the chromatographic paper.

Result and Discussion

The paper chromatography shows that the water climbs to the paper showing how in the test
shows the Capillary action. Capillary action is a spontaneous flow of liquid that often acts in
opposition to gravity. The Capillary action is caused by the intermolecular force which are the
adhesive and cohesive force. Adhesive force is being shown in the test by the attraction between an
object and the fluid. As we all know, in order to have an attraction, the molecules of different objects
must have different signs because opposite signs attract. In the case of adhesive force, there must
be at least one molecule that must be attracted to the object. When the time comes that the
attraction of the molecule and the object which is the paper has already been done, the cohesive
force will follow. The principle of cohesive force is the attraction between fluid molecules to fluid
molecules. Since on the paper, there is a water molecule in it, that is the time where all the water
molecules will be attracted and rise up to the paper chromatography. In the experiment as well, it
shows that there is black ink that is being used, it shows how the ink spreads and how the solute is
being separated by the use of a solvent which is the water.

Experiment 2: Walking Water

Hypothesis
Water can be transferred from the original container to the next glass with paper towels, so
the adhesion between paper and water is stronger than the cohesion of water itself
Methodology

This experiment will use 5 sets of cups and fill 3 cups with colored water. Alternately arrange
them, then, at that point place the end of the folded tissue in a cup that has colored water
and the opposite end in the empty cup. Allow them to sit for around 2 hours and return to the
cups. You will notice that the unfilled cups are now loaded up with water.

Result and Discussion

The 5 cups are alternately filled with colored water and placed. It is placed in a cup with
colored water on one end and folded tissue on the other end of an empty cup. Because of the
presence of a force adhesive and cohesive, the water is being transported from its original container
to the next glass.

Experiment 3: Atmospheric Pressure

Hypothesis
If the cover won’t fall from the glass full of water when flipped, the molecules of water are
attracted to the cardboard.

Methodology
This experiment will use a glass full of water and cardboard. Cover the glass full of water
with the cardboard and flip it upside down slowly while holding the cardboard to stay in place. The
independent variable is the air temperature and the dependent variable is the air pressure.

Result and Discussion

In this experiment we used glass and cardboard. After filling in the glass, full of water it has
been covered with cardboard and flipped it upside down. You will observe that there are some leaks
due to the force that naturally pulls down on water and also because of the volume of the air that is
slightly increasing. As observed in this experiment, there is a surface tension between the two
substances which is solid to liquid. And also, there is a presence of atmospheric pressure.

Experiment 4: Layered Liquids

Hypothesis
If the liquids that are used in this experiment didn’t mix with each other, then the density of
each liquid used is different from each other.

Methodology
This experiment uses a glass cylinder and different kinds of liquids. The liquids are slowly
poured in the cylinder glass and it stack up in the middle in the order corn syrup, dish soap, dyed
water, vegetable oil, and dyed rubbing alcohol. The dependent variables are the different liquids
used and the independent variable is the cylinder.

Results and Discussion

In this experiment the corn syrup is first placed in a glass bottle, followed by the dish soap,
dyed water, vegetable oil, and lastly dyed rubbing alcohol. We observed that the different liquids
used didn’t mix up with each other. Therefore, the Corn syrup is denser than the dyed rubbing
alcohol and the dyed rubbing alcohol is less dense than other liquids.

Experiment 5: Optic Inversion

Hypothesis

Assuming the picture behind the glass is reversed, there's a bending of light which is called
refraction.

Methodology

Draw a picture on a piece of paper and place it behind the empty glass and fill it with water,
as the image behind the glass has been flipped or reversed for observation. The water is the
independent variable, and the image is the dependent variable.

Result and Discussion

In the experiment, it shows that refraction happens on the test. Refraction is the bending of
the wave when it enters the medium where its speed will be different. In this experiment, we can use
the language of physics following the concepts of light and lenses. In the test, the water and as well
the glass serves as the lens, the light passes through the glass filled with water. As a result, the light
was bent. The reason behind this is the density of the water and glass. The glass serves as a
convex lens where the ray or the light should be converging and expected to meet in an exact
location called the focal point. When it terms in the water, as we all know that the light travels first in
the air then penetrates to the water. It shows that when the light is bent, it has a more density. It has
something to do with the speed of the light. It shows if the light travels faster, it has less density while
when the light is being bent, it shows that the medium is more dense. In the experiment, the water is
more dense than the air causing the light to have a bent. It can be also explained using Snell's law
that the relationship between the angle of incidence (the angle of the ray/light in the air) and angle of
refraction (the angle of the ray/light in the water) when as a ray of light travels. The air is called the
rarer medium and the water is the denser medium.

Conclusion

In conclusion, all the properties of water can be applied to the following:

For distributing the nutrients: Using the principle of capillary action on our body, it helps us to
understand how the nutrients and as well the circulation of blood occurs in our body. It is very
substantial to acknowledge what is the primary role of the nutrients to be equally distributed and how
they circulated and being used on our body using the principle of capillary action.

For magnifying: Using the principle of refraction, it helps us to unlock our logical thinking
skills on how we go beyond the message. In a manner for those people who are experiencing some
difficulties in their optic vision, we can help them assess by helping them see the world clearly and
all the things appear bigger to them.

We can associate adhesion in a manner of healing a wound. As we all know that band aid is
one of the things that helps to regenerate the skin if there was damage. It protects us from the dirt,
the bacteria and friction. It also helps the wound for its fast recovery because it halts the flow of the
blood, meaning the blood can only flow to the surface of the band aid.

We can use the concept of density of each substance in our body. We all know that there are
a lot of substances and chemicals that circulate on the body. Using the principle of density, we can
easily identify what are those substances present on our body and as well it is used for some
diagnostic tests used by the health professional in order to know what are the right medications that
will be offered to the patient.

Surface tension is a common occurrence in our daily lives. Many biological performances
and natural processes require an understanding of wetting and interfacial tension, as most
biochemical reactions occur at both the surface and interface instead of in solution. Surfactants,
proteins, and lipids are abundant in human biological fluids such as serum, urine, gastric juice,
amniotic fluid, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts, endocrine glands, middle ear,
cerebrospinal fluid, and alveolar lining fluid. Surfactants only with low and high molecular weights are
common materials found in various tissues of the body which control the surface tension of human
interfaces. The physicochemical processes involved at these interfaces are crucial for various
tissues and the vital function of body organs.
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Surface tension in human pathophysiology and its application as a medical diagnostic tool.
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