Endocrine system:

Endocrine system is a network of glands spread throughout the body that produce hormones
responsible for almost every cells, organ, and function in your body. And each hormone has
a different job.
- Pituitary gland (tuyến yên) (near the base of brain): control the function of other
glands like thyroid or reproductive gland. Pituitary gland produces growth hormone,
that helps our body grow up.
- Thyroid gland (tuyến giáp): produces thyroid hormones (thyroid hormones regulate
how fast the body uses calories from the food we eat - regulate metabolic process).
- Adrenal glands (tuyến thượng thận): they make the hormones called adrenaline.
Adrenaline makes your heart beat faster and your lungs breathe more efficiently. It causes the
blood vessels to send more blood to the brain and muscles, increases your blood pressure,
makes your brain more alert, and raises sugar levels in the blood to give you energy ⇒
Adrenaline triggers the body’s fight or flight response
- Pancreas gland (tuyến tụy): the biggest gland. it produces insulin. Insulin is a
hormone that is responsible for allowing glucose in the blood to enter cells, from that,
glucose is converted to ATP during cellular respiration.
- Reproductive gland (tuyến sinh dục): it is responsible for producing sperm and
ova
Female: ovaries ⇒ secretes the estrogens and progesterone
Male: testes ⇒ produces male sex hormone (such as testosterone)

Steroid hormones are produced from a lipid called cholesterol. Nonsteroid hormones include
proteins, small peptides, and modified amino acids. Because steroid hormones are lipids,
they can easily cross cell membranes.