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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

 ”§—≠„π°“√æ—≤𓇻√…∞°‘®¢Õß™“µ‘ ‰√à ‡∑à“π—È𠇥◊Õπ∏—𫓧¡ æ.». ÚıÙ˜ ‡√“§ß‰¡à

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 π‘∑ Õ—°…√·°â«,  π„® À–«“ππ∑å

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Abstract Mangroves... The Natural Coastal Fort for Tsunami Protection

Sanit Aksornkoae
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Thailand
Sonjai Havanond

Mangroves are among the most productive terrestrial ecosystems. They thrive in sheltered bays
where rivers have deposited nutrient-rich sediment, forming part of many different habitats that make
up the estuarine ecosystems. Mangroves are important feeding grounds for many species of coastal
animals and rich in food and non-food products for man. Mangrove trees can withstand severe
environmental stress including alternating mixes of fresh and salty water, prolonged submersion or
exposure with every tide, and mud that has no oxygen and a high sulfur content. They trap silt and
build up thick shifting sediments where they grow, stabilizing land elevation by sediment accretion
which helps protect coastlines from erosion, storm damage, and wave action. As widely reported in the
Asia region and elsewhere, mangroves play a pivotal role in moderating monsoon tidal floods, Tsunami
and in coastal protection.

Key words : mangroves, coastal area, estuarine, ecosystem

 π‘∑ Õ—°…√·°â«,  π„® À–«“ππ∑å

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317
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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Romila Thapar, çThe Ramayana Syndrome,é Seminar, No. 353 (January 1989), p. 72.
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318
π‘¬¡¿“æ¬πµ√å‡√◊ËÕß µ“√å«Õ√å (Star
War) ≈Õ√å¥ÕÕø‡¥Õ–√‘ß (Lord of the
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«“≈¡’°‘·µàß ‡¢“¡—°√«∫À≈“¬°—≥±å‡¢â“
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Indira Goswami, Ramayana from Ganga & Brahmaputra (Delhi : B.R. Publishing Corporation, 1996), p. 91.
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Ibid., p. 161.
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Ibid., p. 96.
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Ohno Toru, A Study of Burmese Rama Story (Osaka : Osaka University of Foreign Studies, No. 24, 1999), p. 1.
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Ú. ¬“¡–¬–°—π (Rama Yagan)
·µà߇ªìπ√âÕ¬°√Õß ‚¥¬ ÕŸ‚µ (U Toe)
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
„π §.». Ò˜¯Ù ‡ªìπ©∫—∫ ”§—≠∑’Ë ÿ¥
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‡™àπ°—π
Ù. ¡À“¬“¡–«‘µµÿ (Maha Rama
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µÕπ∑’˵Ÿ¬– °Õß∫—ß (Thuya Gonban)
 “¡’¢Õßπ“ßµ√’°¡— ∫’ (Tri Gambi ´÷ßË §◊Õ
π“ß»Ÿ √ ªπ¢“„π√“¡“¬≥–©∫— ∫ «“≈-
¡’°‘) ∑”æ‘∏’≈—∫¥“∫„À≡ࡒ„§√‡Õ“™π–
‰¥â π‚¡µ—¬¬– (Ngamottaya) π“¬∑À“√
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°ÿ ¡ ¿°√√≥≈— ∫ ÀÕ°‚¡°¢»— ° ¥‘Ï ¢ Õß
˜
Ibid., p. 3.
¯
Srisurang Poolthupya, çThe Value of the Ramayana in the 21st Century,é The Ramayana and the New Challenges, ed. by Lallan Prasad
Vyas (Delhi : B.R. Publishing Corporation, 2001), p. 9.
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ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡

»—°¥‘»Ï √’ ·¬â¡π—¥¥“. «√√≥«‘∑¬“. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ :
®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬, ÚıÛÙ.
Goswami, Indira. Ramayana from Ganga &
Brahmaputra. Delhi : B.R. Publishing
Corporation, 1996.
Thapar, Romila. çThe Ramayana Syndrome.é
Seminar. No. 353, 1989.
Toru, Ohno. A Study of Burmese Rama Story.
Osaka : Osaka University of Foreign
Studies, No. 24, 1999.
Vyas, Lallan Prasad. The Ramayana and the
New Challenges. Delhi : B.R. Publishing
Corporation, 2001.

Abstract The Ramayana : Immortal Epic that Arouses Interest throughout the World
Srisurang Poolthupya
Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand

The Ramayana is an Indian epic. The classical version is the Valmiki Ramayana. There are also
other versions in India and Southeast Asia. When Indian Television presented the Ramayana drama
episode by episode until the end, most Indian people watched the drama. When it was on air in Thailand,
Thai people were also interested in the program. There should be the Khon performance of the Ramakien
episode by episode on Thai television too. An Indian academician worried that the version shown on
television might mislead people into believing that there was only one version of the Ramayana and no
other. People would forget the regional cultures and it would result in the negative cultural effect. What
was feared did not happen. On the contrary, the television series on the Ramayana raised interest in the
Ramayana traditions both in India and abroad. Scholars from all over the world participate in the
International Ramayana Conference held almost every year, each country takes turn to host the Conference
that takes place in Asia, Europe, North America, South America and Africa. Scholars who present academic
papers on the Ramayana are from countries or regions that have their own Ramayana or have Institutes of
Oriental Studies. Indian scholars often present their regional versions of the Ramayana. This paper
gives as examples the Assamese version by Madhava Kandali from India and various versions from
Myanmar presented by Professor Ohno Toru from Japan. This paper will show how each version reflects
the culture and belief of the region and country.

Key words : The Ramayana, immortal epic

»√’ ÿ√“ߧå æŸ≈∑√—æ¬å
321
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005 ∫∑§«“¡

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æ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“‡ªìπ»“ π“·Ààß¡πÿ…¬π‘¬¡ ‡Àµÿº≈π‘¬¡ ªØ‘∫—µ‘π‘¬¡ ·≈–¡—™¨‘¡π‘¬¡ ∑—È߬—߇ªìπ√“°∞“π·Ààß
«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å∑—Èߪ«ß ‡æ◊ËÕ¢¬“¬º≈·Ààß°“√ªØ‘√Ÿªæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“∑’ˬ—Ë߬◊π æ√–Õߧå∑√ßµ—Èßπ‘°“¬ ß¶å„À¡à¢÷Èπ ™◊ËÕ«à“
ç∏√√¡¬ÿµ‘°π‘°“¬é À¡“¬∂÷ß ç§≥– ß¶åºŸâµ—Èß¡—ËπÕ¬Ÿà„πæ√–∏√√¡«‘π—¬é ¡’«—¥∫«√𑇫»«‘À“√‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß¡“®πªí®®ÿ∫—π

§” ”§—≠ : æ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“, °“√ªØ‘√Ÿª

æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«
æ√–Õ—®©√‘¬¿“æ¥â“π°“√æ√–»“ π“
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¬— ß ¥”√ßæ√–¬»‡ªì π  ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–‡®â “
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°—∫ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–»√’ ÿ√‘‡¬π∑√“ ∫√¡√“™‘π’
æ√–Õß§å ‰ ¥â ∑ √߇√‘Ë ¡ ‡√’ ¬ πÕ— ° …√ ¡— ¬
„π ”π— °  ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–æÿ ∑ ∏‚¶…“®“√¬å
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§√—Èπæ√–™π¡“¬ÿ‰¥â ˘ æ√√…“ „π
æ.». ÚÛıˆ ∑√߉¥â√—∫æ√–√“™∑“π
æ√–π“¡µ“¡®“√÷°„πæ√– ÿæ√√≥∫—Ø«à“
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√“™°ÿ¡“√é ¿“¬À≈—ß∑√ß√—∫æ√–√“™æ‘∏’
‚ °—πµå ∑√ßæ√–ºπ«™‡ªìπ “¡‡≥√ „π
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√“¡ ¡’ ¡‡¥Á®æ√– —߶√“™ (¡’) ‡ªìπæ√–
Õÿªí™¨“¬å  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–≠“≥ —ß«√ (»ÿ¢)
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Ò
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(Ò)  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–¡À“ ¡≥‡®â“ °√¡æ√–¬“«™‘√≠“≥«‚√√  ·≈– ¡‡¥Á®œ °√¡æ√–¬“¥”√ß√“™“πÿ¿“æ, µ”π“π«—¥∫«√𑇫»«‘À“√, æ√–π§√ : ‚√ßæ‘¡æå
¡À“¡°ÿØ√“™«‘∑¬“≈—¬, Úıı.
(Ú)  ¡‡¥Á®œ °√¡æ√–¬“¥”√ß√“™“πÿ¿“æ, ‡√◊ËÕßæ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“, °√ÿ߇∑æœ : ‚√ßæ‘¡æå¡À“¡°ÿØ√“™«‘∑¬“≈—¬, ÚıÒ˜.
(Û) Õ‡≈°´“π‡¥Õ√å ∫’. °√‘ ‚«≈¥å (A.B. Griswold), æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈Ⓡ®â“°√ÿß ¬“¡, ·ª≈‚¥¬ À¡àÕ¡‡®â“ ÿ¿—∑√¥‘» ¥‘»°ÿ≈, æ√–π§√ :
‚√ßæ‘¡æå¡À“¡°ÿØ√“™«‘∑¬“≈—¬, Úı¯.
(Ù) ª√–¬ÿ∑∏  ‘∑∏‘æ—π∏å,  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈Ⓡ®â“°√ÿß ¬“¡, °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æå ¬“¡, ÚıÒˆ.
 ‘∑∏‘Ï ∫ÿµ√Õ‘π∑√å
»÷°…“¿“…“∫“≈’æπ◊È ∞“π®“°æ√–Õ“®“√¬å
‰¥â‡«≈“ ˜ ‡¥◊Õπ ®÷ß∑√ß≈“æ√–ºπ«™
§√—ÈπµàÕ¡“ æ.». ÚÛˆ˜ æ√–™—π…“∂÷ß
ÚÒ ªï ®÷߇ ¥Á®ÕÕ°∑√ßæ√–ºπ«™‡ªìπ
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∑√ßæ√–ºπ«™‰¥â‡æ’¬ß Òı «—π
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–æÿ ∑ ∏‡≈‘ » À≈â “ -
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æ√–√“™¥”√— ¡Õ∫‡«π√“™ ¡∫—µ‘·°àºŸâ
„¥„À⇪ìπ√—™∑“¬“∑¢÷Èπ§√Õß√“™¬å ◊∫
µàÕµ“¡‚∫√“≥√“™ª√–‡æ≥’ À“°∂◊Õ
µ“¡π‘µ‘π—¬ ‡«≈“π—Èπ æ√–ÕߧåÕ¬Ÿà„πæ√–
∞“π– ¡§«√‰¥â√—∫√“™ ¡∫—µ‘ “¬µ√ß
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·≈–‚¥¬ çÕ√√∂é „π‡™‘ßÕ√√∂»“ µ√å
∑√ß “¡“√∂Õà “ π »÷ ° …“ §â π §«â “
«‘‡§√“–Àå «‘®“√≥å·≈– —߇§√“–ÀåÀ≈—°
§” Õπ∑—È ß æ√–∏√√¡·≈–æ√–«‘ π— ¬ „π
æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°¿“…“∫“≈’‰¥âÕ¬à“߇™’ˬ«
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°“≈∑’Ë Û ‡ªìπ∑’ËæÕæ√–√“™Àƒ∑—¬
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
æ√–√“™¥”√‘ „ π°“√ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª æ√–
»“ π“®÷߉¥â‡√‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ §√—Èπ‡ ¥Á®°≈—∫¡“
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∑—Èß ç§—π∂∏ÿ√–·≈–«‘ªí  π“∏ÿ√–é ¢Õß
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»÷°…“§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π  ¡‡¥Á®œ °√¡æ√–¬“¥”√ß√“™“πÿ¿“æ, ‡√◊ËÕßæ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“, °√ÿ߇∑æœ : ‚√ßæ‘¡æå¡À“¡°ÿØ√“™«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÚıÒ˜, Àπâ“ ÙÛ.
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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 ‘∑∏‘æ—π∏å, Àπâ“ ˘Ú.
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»÷°…“§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π Siddhi Butr-Indr, The Social Philosophy of Buddhism, Mahamakutrajvidyalaya, Bangkok : Publishing House, Ò˘˜Û,
Àπâ“ Ò˘-ÛÚ.
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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Àπâ“ Òı-Ò˜.  ¡‡¥Á®œ °√¡æ√–¬“¥”√ß√“™“πÿ¿“æ, ‡√◊ËÕßæ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“, Àπâ“ Ò˘-ÚÚ.
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»÷°…“§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–¡À“ ¡≥‡®â“ °√¡æ√–¬“«™‘√≠“≥«‚√√  ·≈– ¡‡¥Á®œ °√¡æ√–¬“¥”√ß√“™“πÿ¿“æ, µ”π“π«—¥∫«√𑇫»«‘À“√,
Àπâ“ Òˆ, Ò˜.
Ò¯
»÷°…“§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π  ¡‡¥Á®œ °√¡æ√–¬“¥”√ß√“™“πÿ¿“æ, ‡√◊ËÕßæ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“, Àπâ“ ÚÒ-ÚÛ.

 ‘∑∏‘Ï ∫ÿµ√Õ‘π∑√å
331
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
§√“«‡™àπ∑” —ߧ“¬π“æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°„π
 ¡—¬√—™°“≈∑’Ë Ò π—Èπ°Á¥’ °“√øóôπøŸæ√–
»“ π“∑’Ë ∑”°— π ¡“·≈â « π—È π ‡ªì π ·µà „ π
¢—Èπ çª√‘¬—µ‘À√◊Õ§—π∂∏ÿ√–é ‡ªìπ°“√øóôπ
À“§«“¡√Ÿâ∑“ߥâ“π«‘™“°“√µ“¡∑’Ë∫Õ°
‡≈à“ ◊∫∑Õ¥°—π¡“®“°Õ“®“√¬å Ÿà≈Ÿ°»‘…¬å
À“‰¥âøóôπ∂÷ߢ—Èπ°“√ª√–惵‘«—µ√ªØ‘∫—µ‘
æ√–∏√√¡«‘ π— ¬ ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ‡ ≈à “ ‡√’ ¬ π¡“Õ¬à “ ß
¢“¥ Ê ‡°‘ π Ê Õ¬à “ ß·∑â ® √‘ ß ‰¡à ç...∑’Ë
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â “ ‡®â “
Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√ß¡’æ√–√“™¥”√‘„À⇰‘¥°“√
øóô π øŸ ‡ µÁ ¡ ·∫∫¢÷È π (∫Ÿ √ ≥“°“√)
√–À«à“ß°“√»÷°…“‡≈à“‡√’¬π°—∫°“√
ª√–惵‘ ª Ø‘ ∫— µ‘ ¢ Õßæ√– ß¶å ‰ ¡à „ ™à
ù‡√’¬π·µà‰¡àªØ‘∫—µ‘û À√◊ժؑ∫—µ‘°—π
Õ¬à “ ßß¡ß“¬‚¥¬‰¡à ºà “ π°“√‡√’ ¬ π
°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå µ√«® Õ∫„À≥⧫“¡
∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·≈â«∑√ßµ—Èß√–‡∫’¬∫„Àâ∂◊Õ
‡ªì π ·π«ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ · ∫∫∏√√¡¬ÿ µ‘ ° “
¢÷Èπ¡“‰¥âπ—Èπ ∂◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√øóôπøŸæ√–
»“ π“∑’ Ë ”§—≠¬‘ßË ∑’‡Ë ªìπ¢âÕ∫°æ√àÕß
¢Õßæ√– ß¶å   ¬“¡¡“·µà ‚ ∫√“≥...
Õ’°π—¬Àπ÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ ∑√ߪ√—∫ª√ÿß·°â‰¢
·≈–¬°√–¥—∫«—µ√ªØ‘∫µ— ¢‘ Õßæ√– ß¶å
‰∑¬„Àâ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å∑—Èߥâ“𧫓¡√Ÿâ™Õ∫
·≈–§«“¡ª√–惵‘ ™ Õ∫µ“¡æ√–
∏√√¡«‘π—¬ ‡æ√“–©–π—È𠧵‘∏√√¡-
¬ÿ µ‘ ° “∑’Ë ∑ √ßµ—È ß ¢÷È π ®÷ ß ¥’ ° «à “ §µ‘ ‡ ¥‘ ¡
∑—Èß∑’Ëæ√–¡Õ≠·≈–æ√–‰∑¬∂◊Õ°—π¡“
·µà°àÕπ ...é
‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ §≥– ß¶å∏√√¡¬ÿµ‘°-
π‘°“¬ ∂“ªπ“¢÷πÈ ¡“µ“¡À≈—° ç∑“ß “¬
Ò˘
°“√√à«¡ ù —ß«“ û À¡“¬∂÷ß °“√¬Õ¡√—∫ ∂“π¿“懠¡Õ°—π·≈–Àπ÷Ë߇¥’¬«°—π„π —߶°√√¡µà“ß Ê ¥â«¬»’≈‡ ¡Õ°—π »÷°…“§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π «‘π—¬¡ÿ¢ ‡≈à¡ Ò,
Àπâ“ Ù¯-ˆ˘.
°≈“ßé ·Ààß°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå·≈– —߇§√“–Àå
√–À«à“ßæ√– ß¶å‰∑¬°—∫æ√– ß¶å√“¡—≠
Õ¬Ÿà∫π∞“πÀ≈—°§◊Õ æ√–∏√√¡«‘π—¬ ‰¡à„™à
‡¢â“ΩÉ“¬ ÿ¥‚µàß (Õ—πµ– = extremism)
ΩÉ“¬„¥ΩÉ“¬Àπ÷Ëß æ√–Õߧå∑√ßµ—Èߧ≥–
 ß¶å∏√√¡¬ÿµ‘°π‘°“¬ ‡√‘Ë¡¥â«¬ ç°“√
ºπ«™·ª≈ßé (∑— à À‘ °√√¡) ®“°¡À“
π‘°“¬‡ªìπ√“¡—≠π‘°“¬ ∫“ß à«π®“°
¡À“π‘°“¬ §◊Õ§«“¡‡ªìπæ√– ß¶å‰∑¬
∫“ß à«π®“°æ√– ß¶å√“¡—≠π‘°“¬°—∫
æ√–¡Õ≠∑√ß√à«¡ —ß«“ Ò˘ ‡©æ“–°—∫
æ√–√“¡—≠À√◊Õæ√–¡Õ≠‡©æ“–„π§≥–
¢Õßæ√– ÿ‡¡∏¡ÿπ’æ√–Õÿªí™¨“¬åÀπ∑’Ë Ú
‡∑à“π—Èπ À“‰¥â√à«¡ —ß«“ °—∫æ√–√“¡—≠
∑—Ë«‰ª∑—Èߪ«ß‰¡à ‡ªìπ·µà∑√ߧ√Õߺâ“
·À«°Õ¬à“ßæ√–√“¡—≠ µàÕ¡“ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑√ß
øóô π øŸ √ –‡∫’ ¬ ∫«— µ √ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘  ”À√— ∫ æ√–
 ß¶å∏√√¡¬ÿµ‘°π‘°“¬ ∑√ß∂◊Õæ√–«‘π—¬
µâÕßµ“¡æ√–«‘π¬— ªîÆ°‡ªìπÀ≈—°∑—ßÈ √–¥—∫
çÕ“∑‘æ√À¡®“√‘¬°“ ‘°¢“é ·≈–√–¥—∫
çÕ¿‘ ¡®“√‘¬°“ ‘°¢“é Õ¬à“ß„¥∑’æË √– ß¶å
‰∑¬‡¥‘¡ §◊Õ¡À“π‘°“¬À√◊Õæ√– ß¶å
√“¡—≠π‘°“¬ª√–惵‘ ∂â“∑√ß ◊∫ «π
µ√«® Õ∫ «‘‡§√“–Àå·≈–«‘®“√≥å¥â«¬
æ√–Õ—®©√‘¬¿“æªí≠≠“≠“≥µ“¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
‡Àµÿ º ≈  Õ¥§≈â Õ ßµâ Õ ßµ“¡æ√–«‘ π— ¬
∫—≠≠—µ‘„πæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ∑√ßæ√–√“™-
¥”√‘‡ÀÁπ«à“∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡æ√–æÿ∑∏∫—≠≠—µ‘
°Á∑√ߧ߉«â ·≈–∑√ß∂◊Õµ“¡ ·µà∂⓺‘¥
‡æ’¬È πÕÕ°‰ª À√◊Õ§≈“¥‡§≈◊ÕË π°Á∑√߇≈‘°
À√◊Õ∑√ß·°â‰¢µ“¡∑’∑Ë √ßæ√–√“™«‘®“√≥å
«à“∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ√ßµ“¡æ√–æÿ∑∏∫—≠≠—µ‘‡ªìπ
332
«‘ ∏’ ¥”‡π‘ π °“√∑—È ß ·∫∫Õÿ ª ¡— ¬ ·≈–·∫∫
π‘√¡—¬µ“¡À≈—°µ√√°»“ µ√å ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È
®÷߉¥â∂◊Õ‡ªìπ·π«ª√–惵‘ªØ‘∫—µ‘¢Õß
§≥– ß¶å∏√√¡¬ÿµ‘°π‘°“¬ ‡æ√“–‡π◊ÈÕÀ“
 “√–·≈–Õ√√∂ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªìπ
§≥– ß¶å∏√√¡¬ÿµ‘°π‘°“¬§◊Õ °“√»÷°…“
‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ „ Àâ ‡ ¢â “ ∂÷ ß æ√–∏√√¡«‘ π— ¬ ·≈–
ª√–惵‘ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡æ√–∏√√¡«‘π—¬∑’ˉ¥â
‡√’¬π√Ÿâ·≈â«π—Èπ ·µà‚¥¬°“√§√Õߺâ“Õ—π
‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß —≠≈—°…≥å √Ÿª·∫∫‡ª≈◊Õ°
πÕ° ‰¥â∑√ߪ√–¬ÿ°µå‡Õ“°“√§√Õߺâ“
·∫∫æ√– ß¶å√“¡—≠π‘°“¬ °—∫«‘∏’°“√
ª√–惵‘ªØ‘∫—µ‘„π√–¥—∫Àπ÷Ë߇∑à“π—Èπ
∑ÿ ° §π¡’  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ‡  √’ ∑’Ë ® –‡ªì π æÿ ∑ ∏-
»“ π‘°™π‰¥â À“°¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘‡√‘Ë¡¥â«¬
°“√ªØ‘ ≠ “≥µπ‡ªì π çæÿ ∑ ∏¡“¡°–é
π— ∫ ∂◊ Õ æ√–√— µ πµ√— ¬ ‡ªì π ∑’Ë æ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë √ –≈÷ °
·≈– ¡“∑“π‡∫≠®»’≈ ª√–惵‘ªØ‘∫—µ‘
‡∫≠®∏√√¡ „π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—∫æ√– ß¶å
∑ÿ°√ŸªÕ“®‡ªìπ ç∏√√¡¬ÿµé ‰¥â À“°
æ√âÕ¡¥â«¬ ç§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘é µ“¡æ√–√“™-
¥”√‘¢Õßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“
‡®â“Õ¬ŸÀà «— ‡æ√“–π“¡«à“ ç∏√√¡¬ÿµé ‡ªìπ
‡§√◊ËÕ߇µ◊Õπæ√– ß¶å§≥–π’È«à“ çæ÷ßµ—Èß
¡—Ëπ·≈–Õ‘ßÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà°—∫æ√–∏√√¡«‘π—¬é
æ√– ß¶å§≥–π’È „𧫓¡À¡“¬∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß
®÷ ß µâ Õ ß»÷ ° …“‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ æ √–∏√√¡«‘ π— ¬ „Àâ
√Õ∫√Ÿâ · ≈–ߥ‡«â π °“√ª√–惵‘ «— µ √-
ªØ‘∫—µ‘„¥ Ê ∑’ˉ¡à “¡“√∂Õ∏‘∫“¬‰¥â¥â«¬
ªí≠≠“ ‡Àµÿº≈ ·¡â®–‰¥â ◊∫∑Õ¥°—π¡“
µ“¡‚∫√“≥ª√–‡æ≥’°Áµ“¡ ¢≥–‡¥’¬«
°—π°Á‰¡àª√–惵‘µπÕ¬à“ßÀ≈—∫ÀŸÀ≈—∫µ“
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«
æ√–Õ—®©√‘¬¿“æ¥â“π°“√æ√–»“ π“

≈ÿà¡À≈ß Õ«¥Õâ“ßµπ‡Õß À≈Õ°≈«ßºŸâÕ◊Ëπ
„À♓«‚≈°‡ÀÁπ«à“ ç§≥–∏√√¡¬ÿµ‘°-
π‘°“¬é π’ȇ§√àߧ√—¥„πæ√–∏√√¡«‘π—¬
π—°Àπ“ ·µà§≥– ß¶å∏√√¡¬ÿµ‘°π‘°“¬
®–ª√–惵‘«—µ√ªØ‘∫—µ‘∏√√¡µ“¡ ç∑“ß
 “¬°≈“ßé §”π÷ß∂÷ߧ«“¡À¡“¬ §«“¡
¡ÿà ß ª√– ß§å ·≈–§ÿ ≥ ª√–‚¬™πå ¢ Õß
°“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡°Æ‡À≈à “ π—È π „π°‘ ® «— µ √
ª√–®”«—π æ√– ß¶å§≥–π’È ®–µâÕ߇¢â“„®
‡π◊ÈÕÀ“  “√– §ÿ≥ª√–‚¬™πå ·≈–§«“¡
¡ÿàߪ√– ß§åµ“¡‡Àµÿº≈¢Õ߰ƇÀ≈à“π’È
À“„™à ∑à Õ ß∫à π ·≈– «¥‡æ◊Ë Õ «‘ ß «Õπ
ÕâÕπ«Õπ ‡Õ“Õ°‡Õ“„® ‘Ëß∑’˧“¥‡¥“‡Õ“
‡Õß«à“ ∑√ßÕ”π“®»—°¥‘Ï ‘∑∏‘Ï„π≈—°…≥–
ªØ‘∫—µ‘µàÕæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“ (God) ¢Õß
»“ π“‡∑«π‘¬¡ ·µà‡ªìπ°“√∑∫∑«π
µ√«® Õ∫ ·≈–‡µ◊ Õ π„®µπ‡Õß«à “ ‰¥â
ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡À≈—°§” Õπ¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏-
ÕߧåÀ√◊Õ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß‰√ æ√– ß¶å∏√√¡¬ÿµ‘-
°π‘°“¬®–‰¥â√—∫°“√§“¥À«—ß„À⇢Ⓞ®
·≈–ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡‡Àµÿ º ≈°— ∫ §«“¡¡ÿà ß
ª√– ß§å¢Õßæ√–«‘π—¬∑’˵πµâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘
µ“¡ ·≈–æ√–∏√√¡∑’˵πæ÷ߪ√–惵‘
‡ªìπæ√–∏√√¡«‘π—¬Õ—π∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï ∑’Ëæ√–
æÿ ∑ ∏Õß§å µ √—    —Ë ß  Õπ‚¥¬ª√“»®“°
¡≈∑‘π„¥ Ê ¡“·ª¥‡ªóôÕπ„À⇻√â“À¡Õß
À“‰¡à°Á®—°‡ªìπ ç∏√√¡¬ÿµé ·µà‡æ’¬ß„π
π“¡
‡¡◊ËÕ “¡“√∂¢®—¥§«“¡º‘¥‡æ’Ȭπ
·ª≈°ª≈Õ¡ÕÕ°‰ª¥â«¬ ç°“√»÷°…“é
µ√«® Õ∫·≈–ª√–‡¡‘π‰¥â¥â«¬ ç°“√
ªØ‘∫—µ‘é ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß∑“ßæ√–∏√√¡«‘π—¬
æ√–»“ π“Õ—π∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï∫π√“°∞“π·Ààß
Ú
»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ Õ‡≈°´“π‡¥Õ√å ∫’. °√‘ ‚«≈¥å, æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈Ⓡ®â“°√ÿß ¬“¡, Àπâ“ Û˘, Ù.
 ‘∑∏‘Ï ∫ÿµ√Õ‘π∑√å
æ√–∏√√¡«‘π¬— ¬àÕ¡ª√“°Ø¢÷πÈ æ√–∏√√¡-
«‘π—¬Õ—π∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ïπ’ȇªìπ·∫∫¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ∑’Ë
§≥– ß¶å∏√√¡¬ÿµ‘°π‘°“¬ ¡ÿàߪ√–惵‘
ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡Õ¬à“߇§√àߧ√—¥ ‰¡à¡’°“√ºŸ°
¢“¥„À⇩擖ΩÉ“¬∏√√¡¬ÿµ‡∑à“π—πÈ ‡æ√“–
§«“¡‡ªìπ ç∏√√¡¬ÿµé ‡ªìπ “°≈Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë
¡“µ√°“√·≈–¡“µ√∞“π·Àà ß ç§«“¡
√Ÿ™â Õ∫·≈–ªØ‘∫µ— ™‘ Õ∫é µ“¡æ√–∏√√¡«‘π¬—
·¡â«à“°“√§√Õß®’«√ ·≈–Õ“°“√°‘√‘¬“
¿“¬πÕ°®–‡ªìπ≈—°…≥– √Ÿª·∫∫ ·≈–
 —≠≈—°…≥åª√“°Ø‡æ’¬ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ ·µà ‘Ëß
∑√ߧÿ≥§à“·≈–§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–摇»…Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë
°“√»÷°…“·≈–°“√ª√–惵‘µπ„À⇢â“
∂÷ßæ√–∏√√¡«‘π—¬ ‰¡àª√–惵‘µπ ÿ¥
‚µàß„π«‘∂’·Ààß ç°“¡ ÿ¢—≈≈‘°“πÿ‚¬§é
(materialism) ·≈– çÕ—µµ°‘≈¡∂“πÿ-
‚¬§é (idealism) °“√‰¡à‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ„π‚™§
≈“ß Õ‘∑∏‘ª“Ø‘À“√‘¬å ‰ ¬»“ µ√å ·≈–
‡ æµ‘¥„πæ‘∏’°√√¡¡“°°«à“°“√„™â‡Àµÿ
º≈¥â«¬§«“¡µ—Èß„®øóôπøŸ∏√√¡®√‘¬“„¥ Ê
∑’Ë Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫§” —Ëß Õπ¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏-
‡®â“ §≥– ß¶å∏√√¡¬ÿµ‘°π‘°“¬µâÕ߉¡à
‡™◊ËÕ·≈–ª√–惵‘µ“¡§µ‘·Ààß çµ‘√—®©“π-
«‘ ™ ™“é ‡ªì π °“√Õ“»— ¬ §«“¡√Ÿâ § «“¡
™”π“≠™—È π µË” ‰√â ‡ Àµÿ º ≈·≈–≈«ß‚≈°
‡æ◊ËÕ°“√¥”√ß™’æÚ
µ“¡æ√–√“™¥”√‘ ¢ Õßæ√–Õߧå
æ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“§◊Õ À≈—°∏√√¡ “°≈
‡ªìπ√“°∞“π·Ààß¡πÿ…¬∏√√¡ ‡Àµÿº≈
·≈–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å Õÿ∫—µ‘¢÷Èπ¡“‚¥¬æ√–
æÿ∑∏Õߧ废â∑√߇ªìπ¡πÿ…¬åµ“¡À≈—°·Ààß
ç∏√√¡¥“é ·µà∑√ßµ√— √Ÿâ‡Õß‚¥¬™Õ∫
∑√߇ªìπ∫√¡§√ŸºŸâ©≈“¥∑’Ë ÿ¥ ∑√߉«â´÷Ëß
333
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ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
§«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å·Ààßæ√–«‘ ÿ∑∏‘§ÿ≥ æ√–
ªí≠≠“§ÿ≥ ·≈–æ√–¡À“°√ÿ≥“∏‘§ÿ≥
∑√ß∫√√≈ÿ∏√√¡ Ÿß ÿ¥ À“‰¥â∑√ßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß
∂÷ß ‘Ëß∑’ËΩÉ“¬‡∑«π‘¬¡ ‡™◊ËÕ«à“¡’Õ”π“®
»—°¥‘Ï ‘∑∏‘χÀπ◊Õ∏√√¡™“µ‘„¥ Ê ‰¡à ·µà
„Àâ ‡ æ’ ¬ √欓¬“¡¥â « ¬µπ‡Õß Ÿà § «“¡
 ‘Èπ∑ÿ°¢åÕ—π‡ªì𧫓¡¡ÿàߪ√– ß§å Ÿß ÿ¥
¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å «‘∏’°“√„Àâ ‘Èπ∑ÿ°¢å‰¥â°Á‡ªìπ
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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 ‘ ∑ ∏‘Ï ∫ÿ µ √Õ‘ π ∑√å .  ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–¡À“ ¡≥‡®â “
°√¡æ√–¬“«™‘ √ ≠“≥«‚√√  : ß“π·≈–
æ√–¥”√‘ ¥â “ π°“√»÷ ° …“·≈–°“√ª°§√Õß.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : »Ÿπ¬åæ∑ÿ ∏»“ πå»°÷ …“ ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬, ÚıÙˆ.
Õ”√ÿß ‚°¡≈«√√∏π–. ‡®â“øÑ“¡ß°ÿÆ·Ààß ¬“¡.
æ√–π§√ : ·æ√àæ‘∑¬“, Úıˆ.
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æ√–π§√ : ·æ√àæ‘∑¬“, ÚıÒÚ.
John Bowring, Sir. The Kingdom and People
of Siam. London, 1857.
Griswold, Alexander B. King Mongkut of Siam.
À¡àÕ¡‡®â“ ÿ¿—∑√¥‘» ¥‘»°ÿ≈ ·ª≈‡ªìπ‰∑¬.
æ√–π§√ : ‚√ßæ‘¡æåæ√–®—π∑√å, ÚıÒÒ.

Abstract His Majesty King Mongkut : His Genius Manifesto on Buddhism

Siddhi Butr-Indr
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, The Royal Institute, Thailand

The year 2547 B.E. premises Thailand celebrating the great bicentenary of His Majesty King
Mongkut, in commemoration of his graceful life. This further attests to his immeasurable greatness,
future - insight and genius manifesto in an invaluable contribution to Thai kingdom and Buddhism
as the Religion of Thailand.
He is the Philosopher King and the Renaissance Monarch, with the grandeur of sovereignties
of wisdom and rightiousness perfectly accumulated for 27 years of his Buddhist monk life, who has
accomplished and himself enculturated completely in Buddhism, philosophical and practical, before being
invited to ascend the throne. All this helped him keep the Thai realm with Buddhism, for their
independency and sovereignty, out of the reach of Western colonialist great powers , and in turn to gain
their respects. He modernized Thailand, while savegarding Thai culture based on Buddhist spirituality.
With his genius, he restored and reformed Buddhism, which was going on in decline and distability
due to the corrupt Sangha of poor education and low quality leading to their wrong view and practice in
the Lord Buddha’s Doctrine and Discipline. He has therefore the Sangha purified, improved and
strengthened for their developed qualifications of good knowledge with good conduct, to enable them to
regain right leadership of Buddhist community.
By so doing, he became realized in the truth of Buddhism’s characteristics of humanism, rationalism,
pragmatism, moderationism (Majjhimãpatipadã) and the foundation of sciences. He has founded a special
school of the Thai Sangha, to ensure his sustainable reform in Buddhism, named “Dhammayuttikanikaya”,
meaning “those who adhere to the Doctrine and the Discipline”, with Wat Bovornnives Vihara as their
centre up to present days.

Key words : Buddhism, reform

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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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°Ÿà°ÿØ‘ ¡’§”∂“¡∑’˺Ÿâ‡¢’¬π„§√ൗÈߪ√–‡¥Áπ
„Àâ™à«¬°—π¢∫§‘¥„π∑’Ëπ’È —° Û ¢âÕ
¢âÕ·√° À“°‡®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘Õߧåπ’ȇªìπ
º≈ß“π¢Õ߇™≈¬»÷ ° ™“«°— ¡ ‚晡‘ „ ™à
°Ÿà∫√√®ÿÕ—∞‘æ√–π“ß®“¡‡∑«’ Õ’°∑—Èß™“«
∫â“π„π¬ÿ§À√‘¿ÿ≠‰™¬µÕπª≈“¬°Á‡™◊ËÕ
‡™àππ—Èπ ‡Àµÿ„¥‡¡◊ËÕæ≠“¡—ß√“¬µ’À√‘¿ÿ≠
‰™¬‰¥â·≈–‡º“‡¡◊Õß®π«“¬«Õ¥ ‡º“·¡â
°√–∑—Ë ß Õߧå æ √–∫√¡∏“µÿ ‡ ®¥’ ¬å ° ≈“ß
‡¡◊ÕßÒÚ ‡Àµÿ‰©π®÷߇«âπ‡®¥’¬å ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡
Õߧå π’È ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π º≈ß“π¢Õß™“«°— ¡ ‚æ™
À“¡‘‰¥â¡’§à“§«√·°à°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“‰«â·µà
Õ¬à“ß„¥‡≈¬ ¬°‡«âπ·µà«à“®–‡ªìπ‡®¥’¬å
¢Õßæ√–π“ß®“¡‡∑«’®√‘ß æ≠“¡—ß√“¬
®÷ ß ¬— ß æÕ¡’ § «“¡°√‘Ë ß ‡°√ß∫“√¡’ · Àà ß
ª∞¡°…—µ√’¬åæ√–Õߧåπ’ÈÕ¬Ÿà∫â“ß
¢âÕ Õß À“°‡®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘Õߧåπ’ȇªìπ
º≈ß“π¢Õ߇™≈¬»÷°™“«°—¡‚晡‘„™à°Ÿà
∫√√®ÿÕ∞— æ‘ √–π“ß®“¡‡∑«’ Õ’°∑—ßÈ ™“«∫â“π
„π¬ÿ§À√‘¿≠ ÿ ‰™¬µÕπª≈“¬°Á‡™◊ÕË ‡™àππ—πÈ
‡¡◊ËÕ¬Õ¥‡®¥’¬å∑’Ë √â“ß‚¥¬‡™≈¬»÷°™“«
°—¡‚æ™À—°‚§àπ≈ß¡“ ®”‡ªìπ¢π“¥‰Àπ
∑’Ë¡À“√“™‡™àπæ≠“ —ææ“ ‘∑∏‘ϵâÕß„Àâ
§«“¡ ”§— ≠ ¥â« ¬®‘µ ‡§“√æ∫Ÿ™ “∂÷ß °— ∫
≈ß∑ÿ π ªØ‘  — ß ¢√≥å § √—È ß „À≠à · ≈–∫ÿ Àÿâ ¡
¬Õ¥¥â«¬Õ—≠¡≥’≈È”§à“ ‡«âπ‡ ’¬·µà«à“
‡®¥’ ¬å Õ ß§å π’È πà “ ®–‡ªì π ∑’Ë ∫ √√®ÿ Õ— ∞‘ ¢ Õß
æ√–π“ß®“¡‡∑«’®√‘ß
¢âÕ “¡ ªí≠À“µ“¡¡“°Á§◊Õ À“°
‡®¥’ ¬å °Ÿà °ÿ Ø‘ Õ ß§å π’È ‡ ªì π ∑’Ë ∫ √√®ÿ Õ— ∞‘ ¢ Õß
æ√–π“ß®“¡‡∑«’ À“„™àº≈ß“π¢Õ߇™≈¬
»÷°™“«°—¡‚晉¡à ‡Àµÿ‰©π™“«∫â“π„π
¬ÿ§°àÕπ æ.». ÚÙˆı ®÷߇√’¬°¢“π«à“
ç —π¡À“æ≈é ∑”„Àâπ—°«‘™“°“√√ÿàπ„À¡à
À≈“¬§πÀ—π¡“ π—∫ πÿπ∑ƒ…Æ’π’È ‡ªìπ
‰ª‰¥â‰À¡«à“ ç¡À“æπé πà“®–‡ªìπ§”
∑’Ë ∂Ÿ ° ¡‘„™à¡À“æ≈¥—ߧ«“¡‡¢â“„®¢Õß
¥√.æ‘√¬‘ – ‰°√ƒ°…å ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°‡®¥’¬°å °Ÿà Øÿ ‘
Õߧåπ’È°≈“¬ ¿“懪ìπªÉ“√â“ß√°‡√◊ÈÕÕ—π
°«â“ß„À≠à µ—Èß·µà¬ÿ§∑’Ëæ≠“¡—ß√“¬¬÷¥
‡¡◊ÕßÀ√‘¿ÿ≠‰™¬‰¥â
≈ÕßÀ—π¡“¥Ÿ«à“ °“√µ—Èß™◊ËÕ«—¥ ”§—≠
 —°·Ààßµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π«—¥„π™¡æŸ∑«’ª
·≈– ÿ«√√≥∑«’ª∑—Ë«‰ªπ—Èπ „™âÕ–‰√‡ªìπ
‡°≥±å §«√‡√’¬°µ“¡≈—°…≥–°“√°√–∑”
¢Õß°“√°àÕ √â“ß π—πË §◊Õ°“√√–¥¡‰æ√àæ≈
¡“ √â“ß À√◊Õ§«√°”À𥵓¡∑”‡≈∑’Ë¡’
∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ—π‡ªìπ ‘√‘¡ß§≈ ‡™à𠇫Ãÿ«—π
(¡’µâπ‰ºà) ªÉ“ —° ªÉ“·¥ß ‰∑√ß“¡ ¡À“
«—π ‚æ∏“√“¡  «π¥Õ° ¡’¢âÕπà“ —߇°µ
«à“„π‡¢≈“ߧπ§√ (≈”ª“ß) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
‡¡◊Õß‚∫√“≥√à«¡ ¡—¬°—∫À√‘¿ÿ≠‰™¬ ¬—ß
¡’«—¥‡°à“·°à«—¥Àπ÷Ëßµ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∑“ß∑‘»µ–«—π
µ°¢Õ߇¡◊Õß ¡’™◊ËÕ«à“ «—¥¡À“æ𠇙àπ
‡¥’¬«°—π
·¡âÀ≈—°∞“π∑“ßµ”π“π®–¡’§«“¡
§≈ÿ¡‡§√◊Õ·≈–¢—¥·¬âß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡“° ·µà
ºŸâ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π°Á ® –欓¬“¡»÷ ° …“æ√–‡®¥’ ¬å
°Ÿà °ÿ Ø‘ Õ ß§å π’È ® “°À≈— ° ∞“π∑“ߪ√–«— µ‘ -
»“ µ√廑≈ª– ´÷ËßÀ“° ÿ«√√≥®—ß‚°Ø§◊Õ
°Ÿà∫√√®ÿÕ—∞‘æ√–π“ß®“¡‡∑«’®√‘ß°Á¬àÕ¡¡’
Õ“¬ÿÕ¬Ÿà„π√“«æÿ∑∏»µ«√√…∑’Ë ÒÛ ´÷Ëß
µ√ß°—∫ ¡—¬∑«“√«¥’„π¿“§°≈“ß
‡®¥’ ¬å °Ÿà °ÿ Ø‘ ‡ °à “ ∂÷ ß ¬ÿ § ∑«“√«¥’
À√◊Õ‰¡à?
342
≈—°…≥–¢Õ߇®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘π’È ‰¥â¡’π—°
ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√廑≈ª–À≈“¬∑à“π≈ߧ«“¡
‡ÀÁ π «à “ ®— ¥ ‡ªì π  ∂“ªí µ ¬°√√¡ ¡— ¬
∑«“√«¥’ Õ ¬à “ ß·πà π Õπ ¥— ß ‡™à π π“¬
ªï·¬√å ¥ŸªÕßµå ®“° ”π—°Ω√—Ë߇» ·Ààß
ª≈“¬∫ÿ√æ∑‘» ≈ß¡µ‘«à“‡®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘§«√¡’
Õ“¬ÿ√à«¡ ¡—¬°—∫»‘≈ª–∑«“√«¥’ ¡’§«“¡
‡°à“·°à∂÷ß ¡—¬æ√–π“ß®“¡‡∑«’®√‘ߥ—ß∑’Ë
√–∫ÿ„πµ”π“π
‡π◊ËÕß®“°„π æ.». ÚÙ¯Ú π“¬
¥ŸªÕߵ剥â¢ÿ¥∫√‘‡«≥∞“π√“°‡®¥’¬å®ÿ≈-
ª√–‚∑πÒÛ ∑’Ëπ§√ª∞¡æ√âÕ¡°—∫À≈«ß
∫√‘∫“≈∫ÿ√’¿—≥±å Õ∏‘∫¥’°√¡»‘≈ª“°√„π
æ.». ÚıÚ ‰¥âæ∫´“°∞“π√“°¢Õß
‡®¥’¬å®ÿ≈ª√–‚∑π„π√–¬–·√° √â“ß«à“¡’
≈— ° …≥–§≈â “ ¬§≈÷ ß °— ∫ ‡®¥’ ¬å °Ÿà °ÿ Ø‘ ‡ ªì π
Õ¬à“ß¡“° °≈à“«§◊Õ Õߧ凮¥’¬å¡’·ºπº—ß
‡ªìπ√Ÿª ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡®—µÿ√— ¬àÕ¡ÿ¡‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°
πâÕ¬ ·µà≈–¥â“πª√–¥—∫¥â«¬æ√–æÿ∑∏√Ÿª
ªŸπªíôπª√–∑—∫¬◊π ı Õߧ忓¬„π´ÿâ¡
𓬥ŸªÕßµå≈ߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“ À“°
¬Õ¥¢Õ߇®¥’¬å®ÿ≈ª√–‚∑π‰¡àæ—ß≈ß¡“
§ß¡’≈—°…≥–„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫ ∂“ªíµ¬°√√¡
∑’ˇ®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘Õ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ §◊Õ‡ªìπ∞“π
´âÕπ≈¥À≈—Ëπ°—π‰ª‡ªìπ™—Èπ Ê ®“°„À≠à
‰ªÀ“‡≈Á° »—æ∑å∑“ß ∂“ªíµ¬°√√¡‡√’¬°
√Ÿ ª ∑√߇™à π π’È «à “ Stepped Pyramid
´÷Ëß®ÿ¥π’ȇªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕß°“√»÷°…“∑“ß
ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√廑≈ª–∑’Ë¡’‡Àµÿº≈√Õß√—∫
πÕ°®“°π’È · ≈â « 𓬥Ÿ ª Õßµå ¬— ß ¡’ À ≈— °
∞“π π—∫ πÿπÕ◊Ëπ Ê Õ’° ‡™àπº—ßÕ“§“√
√Ÿ ª  ’Ë ‡ À≈’Ë ¬ ¡®— µÿ √—   ¬à Õ ¡ÿ ¡ ∑’Ë «— ¥ æ√–‡¡√ÿ
·≈–∑’Ë ∫â “ π‚§°‰¡â ‡ ¥π (‚∫√“≥ ∂“π
 ¡—¬∑«“√«¥’∑’Ëπ§√ «√√§å) °Á¡’§«“¡
§≈⓬§≈÷ß°—∫º—߇®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘ Õ’°∑—È߇»…
‡®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘«—¥®“¡‡∑«’
§◊Õ ÿ«√√≥®—ß‚°Ø À√◊Õ —π¡À“æ≈?

ª√–µ‘¡“°√√¡ªŸπªíôπÀ√◊Õ¥‘π‡º“∑’Ëæ∫
„π·À≈àߢÿ¥§âπ ¡—¬∑«“√«¥’À≈“¬·Ààß
°Á≈â«π·µà≈¥À≈—Ëπ°—πÀ≈“¬¢π“¥ πà“®–
‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«à“ ·µà≈–™—Èπ¢ÕßÕ“§“√∑’Ë´âÕπ
°—π®–µâÕ߬àÕ —¥ à«π®“°„À≠à‰ªÀ“‡≈Á°
·≈⫪√–¥—∫µ°·µàߥ⫬ª√–µ‘¡“°√√¡
¢π“¥µà“ß Ê °—πµ“¡´ÿâ¡·µà≈–™—È𠇙àπ
‡¥’¬«°—∫∑’ˇ®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘Õ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¡.®. ÿ ¿— ∑ √¥‘ »
¥‘ » °ÿ ≈ ∑√ß¡’ § «“¡‡ÀÁ π µ√ß°— ∫ π“¬
¥ŸªÕßµå °≈à“«§◊Õ‡™◊ËÕ«à“‡®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘‡ªìπ
 ∂“ªíµ¬°√√¡ ¡—¬∑«“√«¥’∑’ˬ—ßÕ¬Ÿà„π
 ¿“æ∑’Ë ¥’ æ Õ§«√ ·µà ‰ ¡à °”Àπ¥Õ“¬ÿ
‡«≈“¢Õß ∂“ªí µ ¬°√√¡·Àà ß π’È Õ ¬à “ ß
·πà™—¥ ‡æ’¬ß·µà‡ πÕ«à“Õ“®®—¥‡ªìπ ¡—¬
∑«“√«¥’µÕπª≈“¬ ‡æ√“–¡’°“√´àÕ¡
¢÷È π √“«æÿ ∑ ∏»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˜ „π ¡— ¬
æ≠“ —ææ“ ‘∑∏‘Ï πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß∑√ßµ—Èß
¢â Õ  — ß ‡°µ«à “ ≈— ° …≥– ∂“ªí µ ¬°√√¡
‡™àππ’È¡’§«“¡§≈⓬§≈÷ß°—π°—∫  —µµ-
¡À“ª√“ “∑ (Sat Mahal Pasadya)
∑’ˇ¡◊Õß‚ª≈ππ“√ÿ«– „π‡°“–≈—ß°“Õ¬à“ß
¡“°Õ’°¥â«¬ÒÙ
‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫ ¥√.æ√À¡»—°¥‘Ï ‡®‘¡
 «— ¥‘Ï ·Ààß¿“§«‘™“ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å §≥–
Õ—°…√»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
‡ÀÁ π «à “ ≈— ° …≥–¢Õ߇®¥’ ¬å °Ÿà °ÿ Ø‘ ¡’ § «“¡
§≈⓬°—∫ —µµ¡À“ª√“ “∑∑’Ë‚ª≈ππ“-
√ÿ«– ·≈–∑—Èß Õßµà“߉¥â√—∫Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¡“
®“° ∂“ªí µ ¬°√√¡Õ‘ 𠇥’ ¬  ¡— ¬ §ÿ ª µ–
‚¥¬°”À𥮓°·ºπº— ß √Ÿ ª  ’Ë ‡ À≈’Ë ¬ ¡
·µà≈–™—Èπ∑’Ë¡ÿ¡®–¡’°“√ª√–¥—∫¥â«¬‡ “
µ‘¥ºπ—ß´÷Ëß∑”‡ªìπ¬Õ¥∑√ß∫—«µŸ¡µ“¡
·∫∫Õ‘π‡¥’¬ ·≈–®“°°“√„™â«— ¥ÿ°àÕÕ‘∞
 ÕªŸπ ¡’°“√ª√–¥—∫¥â«¬¥‘π‡º“ ≈—°…≥–
‡æÁ≠ ÿ¿“  ÿ¢§µ– „®Õ‘π∑√å
‡™à π π’È ‡ ªì π »‘ ≈ ª–·∫∫∑«“√«¥’ Õ ¬à “ ß
·πàπÕπÒı
π“¬∑’‚Õ¥Õ√å ‚∫«’ π—°‚∫√“≥§¥’
‰¥â°≈à“««à“°àÕπ∑’Ë™π™“µ‘‰∑¬®–‡¢â“¡“
§√Õ∫§√Õß·ºàπ¥‘𠬓¡π—È𠥑π·¥π
·∂∫π’ȉ¥â‡®√‘≠Õ¬Ÿà°àÕπ·≈â« Ú ¿“§ §◊Õ
¿“§°≈“ß¡’Õ“≥“®—°√∑«“√«¥’ ª°§√Õß
‚¥¬™π™“µ‘¡Õ≠ ·≈–∑“ß¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¡’
Õ“≥“®—°√À√‘¿ÿ≠‰™¬ ¡’‡™◊ÈÕ “¬¡Õ≠
‡ªì π ™π°≈ÿà ¡ πâ Õ ¬∑’Ë · ¬°¡“®“°¡Õ≠
„πæ¡à“ ™π™“µ‘¡Õ≠∑—Èß Ú ¿“§¡’§«“¡
 —¡æ—π∏å°—π ·≈– ∂“ªíµ¬°√√¡‡®¥’¬å
°Ÿà °ÿ Ø‘ °Á  — π π‘ … ∞“π«à “  √â “ ߢ÷È π „π æ.».
Ò˜ˆÒ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√ √â“ߢ÷Èπ„À¡àÀ¡¥
À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë∂Ÿ°·ºàπ¥‘π‰À«Òˆ
„π¢≥–∑’Ë »“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.º“ ÿ¢
Õ‘π∑√“«ÿ∏ ·Ààߧ≥–‚∫√“≥§¥’ ‡™◊ËÕ«à“
√Ÿª·∫∫∑’Ë´âÕπ°—π‡ªìπ™—Èπ Ê ·≈–¡’æ√–
æÿ∑∏√Ÿª¬◊π‡√’¬ß√“¬„π´ÿ⡇™àππ’È πà“®–‰¥â
√—∫·√ß∫—π¥“≈„®¡“®“°‡®¥’¬åæÿ∑∏§¬“
»‘≈ª–Õ‘π‡¥’¬¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ
„𷧫âπ‚Õ√‘  “Ò˜ ¡“°°«à“ —µµ¡À“
ª√“ “∑„π≈—ß°“ ·µà ºŸâ ‡ ¢’ ¬ πæ‘ ® “√≥“
¥Ÿ · ≈â « æ∫«à “ ¬Õ¥‡®¥’ ¬å ∑ √ß ‘ ¢ √¢Õß
æÿ∑∏§¬“¥—ß°≈à“«¡’‡ âπ√Õ∫πÕ°‚§âß¡π
§≈⓬æ√–ª√“ߧ套ß∑’Ë»—æ∑å∑“ß™à“߉∑¬
‡√’¬°«à“Ωí°¢â“«‚楡“°°«à“ À“‰¥â¡’
√Õ¬À—°‡ªìπ™—Èπ Ê §≈⓬°—∫ Stepped
Pyramid ¢Õ߇®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘‰¡à ‡æ’¬ß·µà«à“
µà“ß°Á∑”æ√–æÿ∑∏√Ÿª‡√’¬ß√“¬„π´ÿ¡â §ŸÀ“
(°Ÿ±ÿ) ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ·π«§‘¥∑’Ë¡Õß«à“‡®¥’¬å
°Ÿà °ÿ Ø‘ π—È π  √â “ ߢ÷È π „𧵑 ¡ À“¬“π¢Õß
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.º“ ÿ¢ Õ‘π∑√“«ÿ∏ °Á
 Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫¡ÿ¡¡ÕߢÕßπ—°‡®µ‘¬«‘∑¬“
343
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
¥√.‡Õ‡¥√’¬π  πÕ¥°√“  ´÷Ëß™’È™—¥«à“
°“√∑”¢—Èπ∫—π‰¥Àâ“™—Èπ≈¥À≈—Ëπ®“°„À≠à
‰ªÀ“‡≈Á°„π√Ÿª¢Õß Stepped Pyramid
∑’Ë ‡ ®¥’ ¬å °Ÿà °ÿ Ø‘ π—È π §◊ Õ °“√√— ∫ Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈¡“
®“°·π«§‘¥‡√◊ËÕß Ziggurat - ´‘°°Ÿ√—µ
(‚ª√¥ —߇°µ§”«à“ ´‘°°Ÿ√—µ π—Èπ§≈⓬
§≈÷ß°—∫§”«à“ ç ‘¢√–é) ¢ÕßÕ“√¬∏√√¡
‚∫√“≥·∂∫‡¡‚ ‚ª‡µ‡¡’ ¬ Ò¯ ´÷Ë ß  à ß
Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈„Àâ · °à   ∂“ªí µ ¬°√√¡Õ‘ 𠇥’ ¬
‡π◊ËÕß„π≈—∑∏‘¡À“¬“π
∑’Ë®–¡’∑ƒ…Æ’·µ°µà“߉ª∫â“ß °Á§◊Õ
§«“¡‡ÀÁπ¢Õß √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.
æ‘√‘¬– ‰°√ƒ°…å ´÷Ë߉¥â°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ª√‘»π“
∑’Ë ∑â “ ∑“¬§π„π·«¥«ßª√–«— µ‘ » “ µ√å
»‘≈ª–‡™àπ‡§¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√‡ πÕ∑ƒ…Æ’
„À¡à Ê Õ¬Ÿ‡à  ¡Õ „π æ.». ÚıÚˆ ¡’§«“¡
‡ÀÁπ«à“‡®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘®—¥‡ªìπ ∂Ÿª ¡—¬Õ‘∑∏‘-
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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346
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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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·¡â‚§√ß √â“ßÀ≈—°¢Õ߇®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘®–‡ªìπ
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‡æÁ≠ ÿ¿“  ÿ¢§µ– „®Õ‘π∑√å
Û. „™âæÿ∑∏»‘≈ªá¥‘π‡º“„π´ÿ⡧ŸÀ“
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∑’Ë Òˆ-Ò˜
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¥—ßπ—Èπ æ√–‡®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘ Õߧå∑’ˇÀÁπ
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ÒÙ ‚¥¬‰¡à πà “ ®–‡°’Ë ¬ «¢â Õ ßÕ— π „¥°— ∫
™“«°— ¡ ‚æ™∑’Ë · æâ   ߧ√“¡„π¬ÿ § æ≠“
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®÷ ß ‰¡à ¡’ ‡ Àµÿ º ≈‡æ’ ¬ ßæÕ∂÷ ß ¢—È π ∑’Ë æ ≠“
 —ææ“ ‘∑∏‘Ï®–µâÕß¡“∑”°“√´àÕ¡·´¡
§√—È ß „À≠à · ≈–∂÷ ß °— ∫ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß√Ÿ ª
·∫∫¢Õßæ√–æÿ ∑ ∏√Ÿ ª ¥‘ π ‡º“Õß§å ‡ ¥‘ ¡
´÷Ëß¡’æÿ∑∏≈—°…≥–·∫∫∑«“√«¥’„πª“ß
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¥—ß∑’ˇÀÁπ„πªí®®ÿ∫—π
∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ ·Àà ß ª√‘ » π“ :  ÿ « √√≥-
®—ß‚°Ø°—∫æ√–π“ß®“¡‡∑«’?
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∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“∑—ÈßÀ¡¥π’È ‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß°“√„™â
349
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ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
À≈—°∞“π¥â“πª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√廑≈ª–·≈–
®“√÷°∑’Ëπà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥â¥â«¬µ“‡ÀÁπ‡∑à“π—Èπ
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¡’¢âÕ —߇°µ∫“ߪ√–°“√‡°’ˬ«°—∫
‡®¥’ ¬å · Àà ß π’È ∑’Ë   “¡“√∂‚¬ß„¬‰ª∂÷ ß
æ√–π“ß®“¡‡∑«’°Á§◊Õ
Ò. ‰¬ ÿ«√√≥®—ß‚°Ø®÷߇ªìπ‡®¥’¬å
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‡®¥’¬åÕߧåπ’Èπà“®–¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠‰¡àπâÕ¬
À“°‡ªì π ·§à ‡ ®¥’ ¬å  — π ¡À“æ≈¢Õß™“«
°— ¡ ‚æ™∑’Ë   √â “ ߢ÷È π ‡æ◊Ë Õ ª√–°“»§«“¡
æà “ ¬·æâ ‰¡à πà “ ®–√Õ¥æâ π πÈ” ¡◊ Õ ¢Õß
æ≠“¡—ß√“¬µÕπ‡º“Õ“≥“®—°√À√‘¿ÿ≠-
‰™¬‰ª‰¥â
Ú. √Ÿª∑√ߢÕ߇®¥’¬å·∫∫ Step-
ped Pyramid À√◊Õ·ºàπ ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡´âÕπ
®“°„À≠à‰ªÀ“‡≈Á°·≈–¡’æ√–¬◊π„π§ŸÀ“
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 ∂“ªíµ¬°√√¡µâπ·∫∫ ”À√—∫°ŸàÕ—∞‘¢Õß
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‚¥¬æ√–π“ߪ∑ÿ ¡ «¥’ ¡ ‡À ’ ¢ Õßæ≠“
Õ“∑‘µ¬√“™ ·≈–µ”π“π∫“߇≈à¡√–∫ÿ«à“
¿“¬À≈—ß®“° ‘Èπæ√–™π¡å·≈â« ‰¥â¡’°“√
∫√√®ÿÕ∞— ¢‘ Õßæ√–π“߉«â¿“¬„π‡®¥’¬Õå ߧå
π’È ·≈–Õ’°·Ààߧ◊Õ ‡®¥’¬å‡À≈’ˬ¡ (°Ÿà§”)
∑’‡Ë «’¬ß°ÿ¡°“¡ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ‡ªìπ°Ÿ∑à „’Ë ™â∫√√®ÿ
Õ—∞‘¡‡À ’¢Õßæ≠“¡—ß√“¬ ™«π„À⧑¥«à“
‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â‰À¡«à“ §π ¡—¬°àÕπ‡«≈“®–
∑”Õ—∞‘Õÿ∑‘»„À⇮â“π“¬ΩÉ“¬À≠‘ß ‰¡à°≈â“
„™â√Ÿª∑√߇¥’¬«°—π°—∫°Ÿà∑’Ë∫√√®ÿÕߧåæ√–
∏“µÿ ´÷Ëß¡—°°àÕ‡ªìπ‡®¥’¬å∑√ß°≈¡À√◊Õ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
§ŸÀ“´ÿâ¡∑√ߪ√“ “∑·∫∫®—µÿ√¡ÿ¢ ®÷ ß
‡≈’ˬ߉ª„™â√Ÿª·∫∫∑√ß Stepped Pyra-
mid °Á‡ªìπ‰¥â °≈à“«Õ’°π—¬Àπ÷Ëß ∑—Èßæ√–
π“ߪ∑ÿ¡«¥’°Á¥’ À√◊Õæ≠“¡—ß√“¬∑’˵âÕß
°“√‡™‘¥™Ÿ‡°’¬√µ‘¢Õßæ√–¡‡À ’ºŸâ≈à«ß≈—∫
‰ª·≈â « π—È π µà “ ß≈â « π¡’ ‡ ®µπ“∑’Ë ® –‡¥‘ π
√Õ¬µ“¡√Ÿ ª ·∫∫‡®¥’ ¬å  ÿ « √√≥®— ß ‚°Ø
¢Õßæ√–π“ß®“¡‡∑«’ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡∫“√¡’„π
§«“¡‡ªìπ ç¬Õ¥¢—µ‘¬π“√’é ®÷߉¥â‡≈◊Õ°
„™â√Ÿª∑√ߢÕß ÿ«√√≥®—ß‚°Ø¡“‡ªìπ·¡à
·∫∫
¡“∂÷ß ≥ ∫√√∑—¥π’È ‡Àµÿº≈∑—Èß∑’Ë
æ‘ Ÿ®π剥â·≈–æ‘ Ÿ®πå‰¡à‰¥â §àÕ¬ Ê ‚πâ¡
„À⺇Ÿâ ¢’¬π§àÕπ¢â“ßªí°„®‡™◊ÕË «à“  ÿ«√√≥-
®—ß‚°ØÀ√◊Õ√—µπ‡®¥’¬å §◊ÕÕߧ凥’¬«°—π
‡ªì 𠇮¥’ ¬å   ¡— ¬ ∑«“√«¥’ ∑’Ë ‡ °à “ ·°à ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥
„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬∑’ˬ—߇À≈◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà„π ¿“æ∑’Ë
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥å∑’Ë ÿ¥ ∑—È߬—ß¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠„π‡™‘ß
ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√åÕ—π‡°’Ë¬«‡π◊ËÕß°—∫æ√–π“ß
®“¡‡∑«’ ª∞¡°…—µ√’¬å ¢ÕßÕ“≥“®—°√
À√‘¿ÿ≠‰™¬  “¡“√∂Õ¬Ÿà¬ß§ß°√–æ—π
√Õ¥æâπ‡ß◊ÈÕ¡¡◊Õ¢Õߢ⓻÷°¡“À≈“¬¬ÿ§
À≈“¬ ¡—¬ ·¡â√Ÿª≈—°…≥å¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß
æ√–æÿ∑∏√Ÿª¥‘π‡º“ √«¡∑—Èß≈“¬ªŸπªíôπ
ª√–¥— ∫ °√Õ∫´ÿâ ¡ ‡§≈Á ° ®— ° ‰¥â √— ∫ °“√
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µÕπª≈“¬°Á µ “¡ ·µà ® “°ª√–®— ° …å
欓π¢Õß ÿ«—≥≥‡®¥’¬å·≈–°Ÿà§”µà“ß°Á
 –∑â Õ ππ— ¬ ·Àà ß °“√°â “ «‡¥‘ 𠵓¡√Õ¬
‡®¥’¬å∑√ß ç¢—µ‘¬π“√’é ¢Õß ÿ«√√≥‚°Ø
Õ¬à“߉¡à¡’¢âÕ·¡â
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Ò √“™À√◊ ÕÕ“∑‘µµ√“™π’È ¡’°“√„™â‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ
§”«à“ ç ÿ«√√≥®—ß‚°Øé æ∫¡“°„π∑“ß¿“§
‡Àπ◊Õ ‡ªì𧔇√’¬°‚¥¬√«¡¢Õß°“√„™â«— ¥ÿ
∫ÿ∑ÕßÀÿâ¡Õߧ凮¥’¬å ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂·¬°‰¥â‡ªìπ
Ú §” §◊Õ ç ÿ«√√≥é- ∑Õߧ” ·≈– ç®—ß‚°Øé-
∑Õ߇À≈◊Õß  ”À√—∫§”«à“ ç®—ß‚°Øé π—Èπ
¿“…“∂‘Ëπ≈â“ππ“„™â«à“ ∑Õß®—ß‚°â ∫â“ß°Á‡√’¬°
∑Õß —°‚°  –∑âÕπ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ °“√ªî¥∑Õß
Àÿâ¡Õߧ凮¥’¬å¢Õß™“«≈â“ππ“π—Èπ „™â∑Õߧ”
º ¡°—∫∑Õ߇À≈◊Õß ·µà ”À√—∫∑“ß¿“§°≈“ß
·≈â« ç®—ß‚°Ø°åé ¡’Õ’°§«“¡À¡“¬Àπ÷Ëßπ—Èπ§◊Õ
çºÕ∫é „π∑’Ë π’È ®÷ ß ‰¡à ∑ √“∫π— ¬ ·πà ™— ¥ ¢Õß
°“√„™â§”«à“ ç ÿ«√√≥®—ß‚°Øé «à“®–À¡“¬∂÷ß
‡®¥’¬åÀÿâ¡∑Õß —°‚° À√◊Õ«à“À¡“¬∂÷ß°Ÿà∑’Ë∑”
¢÷Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπºÕ∫∫√√®ÿÕ—∞‘·≈â«Àÿ⡥⫬∑Õß
Ú æ√–‚æ∏‘√—ß ’, ®“¡‡∑«’«ß»å æß»“«¥“√‡¡◊Õß
À√‘ªÿ≠‰™¬, ‡™’¬ß„À¡à : π§√æ‘ߧ尓√æ‘¡æå,
ÚıÛ, Àπâ“ ÚÒÚ. (µâπ©∫—∫‡¥‘¡‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ
¿“…“∫“≈’√–À«à“ß æ.». Ò˘ıÛ-Ò˘ˆ „π
ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’°“√·ª≈‡ªìπ¿“…“‰∑¬À≈“¬©∫—∫)
Û æ√–æÿ∑ ∏æÿ° “¡ ·≈–æ√–æÿ ∑ ∏≠“≥‡∂√–,
µ”π“π¡Ÿ ≈»“ π“, æ√–π§√ : ‚√ßæ‘ ¡ æå
æ√–®—π∑√å, ÚıÒ˘, Àπâ“ ÒıÛ. (µâπ©∫—∫
‡¥‘¡‡¢’¬π¥â«¬¿“…“æ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß‚∫√“≥·∫∫‰∑¬
‡Àπ◊ Õ ‡¡◊Ë Õ æ.». Ò˘ˆ-Ò˘˜Ú ·ª≈‡ªì π
¿“…“‰∑¬°≈“ߧ√—Èß·√°‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚÙ¯Ú)
Ù ®“°§”∫Õ°‡≈à “ ¢Õ߇®â “  “≈‘ π’ ≥ ≈”æŸ π
(∑“¬“∑æ≈µ√’ ‡®â“®—°√§”¢®√»—°¥‘Ï ‡®â“À≈«ß
π§√≈”æŸπÕߧå ÿ¥∑⓬) ‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ¡’π“§¡
æ.». ÚıÙ˜ ‡≈à“«à“√“« ı ªï∑’Ë·≈â«™à«ß∑’Ë
∑à“π¬—߇¬“«å«—¬Õ¬Ÿàπ—Èπ ‰¥â‡§¬‡ÀÁπ‡§√◊ËÕß∑√ß
®”≈Õß “¡ƒ¥Ÿ ¢ Õß°…— µ √’ ¬å ™ÿ ¥ Àπ÷Ë ß ∑”¥â « ¬
‚≈À–∫ÿ∑Õß-∫ÿ‡ß‘π ®“°ºŸâ∑’ËÕâ“ß«à“‰¥â¡“®“°
°“√¢ÿ¥‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ßÕߧåæ√–æÿ∑∏√Ÿªª√–∑—∫¬◊π
¿“¬„π´ÿ⡇®¥’¬å ÿ«√√≥®—ß‚°Ø ·µàªí®®ÿ∫—π
‰¡à∑√“∫«à“‡ªìπ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õß„§√ Õ’°∑—È߉¡à‰¥â¡’
°“√∂à“¬¿“懰Á∫‰«â‡ªìπÀ≈—°∞“π
ı √—µπ–ªí≠≠“‡∂√–, ·ª≈‡ªìπ‰∑¬‚¥¬ »“ µ√“-
®“√¬å √.µ.∑.· ß ¡π«‘∑√Ÿ , ™‘π°“≈¡“≈’ª°√≥å,
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : °√¡»‘≈ª“°√, ÚıÒı. (µâπ©∫—∫
350
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°—π µ”π“πÀ≈“¬‡≈ࡇ√’¬°«à“ æ√–‡®â“Õ“∑‘®®å
‚¥¬√–∫ÿ «à “ ‡ªì π ‚Õ√ ¢Õßæ√–‡®â “ ∑‘ µ µ–
·µà „ π™‘ π °“≈¡“≈’ ª °√≥å °≈— ∫ ‡√’ ¬ °æ≠“
Õ“∑‘µ¬√“™«à“ æ≠“∑‘µµ– („™âπ“¡¢Õßæ√–
√“™∫‘ ¥ “·∑πª–ªπ°— π ) ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ §«“¡
 — ∫  πÕ¬Ÿà ‰ ¡à πâ Õ ¬«à “ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“« ß§√“¡
√–À«à“ßÀ√‘¿ÿ≠‰™¬-≈–‚«âπ—Èπ ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π ¡—¬
¢Õßæ≠“Õ“∑‘µ¬√“™ À√◊Õ«à“ ¡—¬æ√–√“™-
∫‘¥“¢Õßæ√–Õߧ尗π·πà
ˆ º“ ÿ ¢ Õ‘ π ∑√“«ÿ ∏ , √».¥√. ·≈–§≥–,
Õ“√¬∏√√¡‚∫√“≥„π®—ßÀ«—¥≈”æŸπ, ‡Õ° “√
‚√‡π’¬« √“¬ß“π°“√«‘®—¬ §≥–‚∫√“≥§¥’
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬»‘≈ª“°√, ÚıÛˆ, Àπâ“ Ú.
˜ ®”ª“ ‡¬◊ÈÕ߇®√‘≠, ‡∑‘¡ ¡’‡µÁ¡ ·≈–§ß‡¥™
ª√–æ—≤πå∑Õß, «‘‡§√“–À廑≈“®“√÷°„πæ‘æ‘∏-
¿—≥± ∂“π·Ààß™“µ‘ À√‘¿ÿ≠‰™¬, °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
√ÿàß»‘≈ªá°“√æ‘¡æå, ÚıÚÚ, Àπâ“ ÚÚ-Ú˘.
¯  ‘߶– «√√≥ —¬, ª√–«—µ‘æ√–π“ß®“¡‡∑«’
·≈–®—ßÀ«—¥≈”æŸπ, ≈”æŸπ : ≥’¬–æ—π∏ÿå°“√
æ‘¡æå, ÚıÚÙ, Àπâ“ ˜ˆ, ˜˜. ‡®¥’¬å‡™’¬ß
¬◊π ‡√’¬°Õ’°Õ¬à“ß«à“ »√’‡™’¬ß¬—πµå µ”π“π‡≈à“
«à “ ‡ªì 𠇮¥’ ¬å ∑’Ë æ «°Õÿ ∫ “ ‘ ° “·¡à § √— « ™à « ¬°— π
 √â“ߢ÷Èπ
˘ ¢ÿπÀ≈«ß«‘≈—ߧ– ¿“…“∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ‡√’¬°«à“ ¢ÿπ
À≈«ß¡≈—ß°ä– À√◊Õ¡‘≈°— ¢√“™ ‡ªìπºŸπâ ”™“«≈—«–
™π‡ºà “ ¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ ∑’Ë ‡ §¬Õ“»— ¬ Õ¬Ÿà „ π∫√‘ ‡ «≥≈ÿà ¡
·¡àπÈ”ªîß¡“°àÕπ∑’Ëæ√–π“ß®“¡‡∑«’®–‡ ¥Á®
¡“§√Õß√“™¬å„πÕ“≥“®—°√À√‘¿ÿ≠‰™¬ ∫—߇°‘¥
§«“¡‰¡à æ Õ„®∑’Ë ™ “«≈–‚«â ‡ ¢â “ ¡“·¬à ß æ◊È π ∑’Ë
¢Õßµπ ®÷ßπ”‡Õ“‡√◊ËÕß√“«¢Õߧ«“¡√—°¡“∫—ß
Àπâ“°“√‡¡◊Õß
Ò  ÿ®‘µµå «ß…å‡∑»,  ÿ‚¢∑—¬‰¡à„™à√“™∏“π’·Ààß
·√°¢Õ߉∑¬, »‘ ≈ ª«— ≤ π∏√√¡©∫— ∫ æ‘ ‡ »…,
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õ¡√‘π∑√å°“√æ‘¡æå, ÚıÚÚ,
Àπâ“ ˆ.
ÒÒ  ÿ¿—∑√¥‘» ¥‘»°ÿ≈, ». ¡.®., »‘≈ª–„πª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬, æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë ¯, °√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õ¡√‘π∑√å
°“√æ‘¡æå, ÚıÚ¯, Àπâ“ ˘.
‡®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘«—¥®“¡‡∑«’
§◊Õ ÿ«√√≥®—ß‚°Ø À√◊Õ —π¡À“æ≈?

ÒÚ °√≥’°“√‡º“‡¡◊ÕߢÕßæ≠“¡—ß√“¬π’È À≈“¬
∑à“π‰¡àª°í „®‡™◊ÕË «à“‡ªìπ‡√◊ÕË ß®√‘ß ‡æ√“–¡Õß«à“
æ≠“¡—ß√“¬π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“æÿ∑∏‡™àπ°—π ‡ÀÁπ
‰¥â®“°°“√ √â“ß«—¥µà“ß Ê ¡“°¡“¬„π‡«’¬ß
°ÿ¡°“¡·≈–‡™’¬ß„À¡à ·µàµ”π“πæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß
À≈“¬©∫—∫∑’Ë®“√∫π„∫≈“π¬◊π¬—πµ√ß°—π«à“
‡¥‘¡π—Èπæ≠“¡—ß√“¬π—∫∂◊Õº’·∫∫™“«≈—«– ‰¡à
‡§¬√Ÿâ®—°≈—∑∏‘∫Ÿ™“æ√–∏“µÿ¡“°àÕπ ¢≥–∑’Ë
≈ß¡◊Õ®ÿ¥‰ø‡º“Õߧåæ√–∫√¡∏“µÿÀ√‘¿ÿ≠‰™¬
‰¥â‡°‘¥Õ— π’∫“µ∂÷ß “¡§√—Èß “¡§√“ ·≈–„π
∑⓬∑’Ë ÿ¥æ≠“¡—ß√“¬°Á ‘Èπæ√–™π¡å¥â«¬°“√
∂Ÿ ° Õ—   π’ ∫ “µ√–À«à “ ß∑√ߙ⠓ ߉ª‡¡◊ Õ ß‡™’ ¬ ß
Õ‘π∑√å
ÒÛ æ‘√‘¬– ‰°√ƒ°…å, √». ¥√., æÿ∑∏»“ ππ‘∑“π
∑’ˇ®¥’¬å®ÿ≈ª√–‚∑π, °√ÿ߇∑æœ : ‚√ßæ‘¡æå
æ√–®—π∑√å, ÚıÒ˜, Àπâ“ Ù, ı.
ÒÙ  ÿ¿—∑√¥‘» ¥‘»°ÿ≈, ». ¡.®., »‘≈ª–„πª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬, ÀπⓇ¥’¬«°—π.
Òı Promsak Jermsawatdi, Thai Art with
Indian Influences, New Delhi, 1971, p.62.
Òˆ Theodore Bowie, The Arts of Thailand,
West Germany, 1964, pp. 40, 41.
Ò˜ º“ ÿ¢ Õ‘π∑√“«ÿ∏, ‡√◊ËÕ߇¥‘¡, Àπâ“ ¯˜, ¯¯.
Ò¯ ‡Õ‡¥√’ ¬ π  πÕ¥°√“ , ¥√.,  — ≠ ≈— ° …≥å
·Ààßæ√– ∂Ÿª, °√ÿ߇∑æœ : ‚√ßæ‘¡æå¡À“
«‘∑¬“≈—¬∏√√¡»“ µ√å, Àπâ“ ÚÚ˘.
Ò˘ æ‘√‘¬– ‰°√ƒ°…å, √». ¥√., ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å
»‘ ≈ ª„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ©∫— ∫ §Ÿà ¡◊ Õ π— ° »÷ ° …“,
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õ¡√‘π∑√å°“√æ‘¡æå, ÚıÚ¯, Àπâ“
ÒÙ˜, ÒÙ¯.
Ú æ‘√‘¬– ‰°√ƒ°…å, √». ¥√., »‘ ≈ ª«— µ ∂ÿ „ π
æ‘ æ‘ ∏ ¿— ≥ ± ∂“π·Àà ß ™“µ‘ À√‘ ¿ÿ ≠ ‰™¬,
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õ¡√‘π∑√å°“√æ‘¡æå, ÚıÚÚ, Àπâ“
ı, ˆ.
ÚÒ ‚¥¬ ¥√.æ‘ √‘ ¬ – ‰°√ƒ°…å ‰¥â ∫ √√¬“¬„Àâ
π—°»÷°…“¿“§«‘™“»‘≈ª‰∑¬ §≥–«‘®‘µ√»‘≈ªá
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à ‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ∏—𫓧¡
ÚıÙÙ.
ÚÚ  ÿæ‘𥓠‡®’¬√æ‘æ—≤πå, °“√°”Àπ¥Õ“¬ÿ‡«≈“
¢Õß ∂Ÿ ª „π«— ¥ ®“¡‡∑«’ ®— ß À«— ¥ ≈”æŸ π ,
«‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏廑≈ª»“ µ√å¡À“∫—≥±‘µ  “¢“
‡æÁ≠ ÿ¿“  ÿ¢§µ– „®Õ‘π∑√å
«‘™“ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å §≥–»‘≈ª»“ µ√å ¡À“
«‘∑¬“≈—¬∏√√¡»“ µ√å, ÚıÙÚ, Àπâ“ ÒÒÛ,
ÒÚÛ.
ÚÛ ·¡âªÑ“¬§”∫√√¬“¬¢Õßæ‘æ‘∏¿—≥± ∂“π·Ààß
™“µ‘ À√‘¿ÿ≠‰™¬®–‡¢’¬π«à“‰¥â¡“®“°«—¥®“¡-
‡∑«’ ·µà·∑â®√‘ß·≈⫇¡◊ËÕµ√«® Õ∫¥Ÿ®“° ¡ÿ¥
∑–‡∫’¬π¢Õßæ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±å æ∫«à“°àÕπÀπâ“π—Èπ
»‘≈“®“√÷°À≈—°π’ȇ§¬Õ¬Ÿà∑’ˇ¡◊Õßæ–‡¬“¡“°àÕπ
ÚÙ æ√–æÿ ∑ ∏æÿ ° “¡ ·≈–æ√–æÿ ∑ ∏≠“≥‡∂√–,
µ”π“π¡Ÿ≈»“ π“, Àπâ“ Ò¯. „πµ”π“π
°≈à“««à“ π“ߪ∑ÿ¡«¥’ºŸâ‡ªìπÕ—§√¡‡À ’„Àâ°àÕ
‡®¥’¬åÕߧåÀπ÷Ë߇ªìπ‡À≈’ˬ¡ ¿“¬¢â“ß°È”‡Àπ◊Õ
¡À“∏“µÿ‡®â“ (À¡“¬∂÷ßÕ¬Ÿà∑“ß∑‘»‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õß
Õߧåæ√–∏“µÿÀ√‘¿ÿ≠‰™¬-ºŸâ‡¢’¬π) π“ß°Á„Àâ„ à
∑Õߧ”≈ß∑’ˬե ®÷ß„Àâ™◊ËÕ«à“ ÿ«√√≥‡®¥’¬å
Úı  ¡‘ ∑ ∏‘ »‘ √‘ ¿— ∑ √, »‘ ≈ ª–≈æ∫ÿ √’ , ‡Õ° “√
‚√‡π’¬«ª√–°Õ∫°“√∫√√¬“¬ §≥–‚∫√“≥§¥’,
ÚıÚı, Àπâ“ ¯, ˘.
Úˆ √—µπ–ªí≠≠“‡∂√–, ™‘π°“≈¡“≈’ª°√≥å, Àπâ“
ÒÛÛ.
Ú˜  ÿæ‘𥓠‡®’¬√æ‘æ—≤πå, °“√°”Àπ¥Õ“¬ÿ‡«≈“
¢Õß ∂Ÿª„π«—¥®“¡‡∑«’ ®—ßÀ«—¥≈”æŸπ, Àπâ“
ÒÚÛ.
Ú¯ π. ≥ ª“°πÈ”, »‘≈ª‚∫√“≥„𠬓¡, °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
 ”π—°æ‘¡æ凡◊Õß‚∫√“≥, ÚıÛ˜, Àπâ“ ÛÙ˘-
ÛıÚ.
Ú˘  ÿ ¿— ∑ √¥‘ » ¥‘ » °ÿ ≈ , ». ¡.®., »‘ ≈ ª≈— ß °“,
æ√–π§√ : §ÿ√ÿ ¿“, ÚıÒ˜, Àπâ“ ˆÛ.
Û Pisit Charoenwongsa, Archaeology in
Thailand, Geneva : Nagel Publishers,
1978, p. 94.
ÛÒ ©Ë” ∑Õߧ”«√√≥, 秔Õà “ π»‘ ≈ “®“√÷ ° «— ¥
æ√–¬◊π ®—ßÀ«—¥≈”æŸπ,é «“√ “√»‘≈ª“°√ ªï∑’Ë
Ò ‡≈à¡∑’Ë Ò (情¿“§¡ Úı) Àπâ“ ı˘-
ˆ˘.
ÛÚ ‰¡‡§‘≈ ‰√∑å, Ω√—Ëߧ≈—Ëß ¬“¡, °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
»‘≈ª«—≤π∏√√¡, ÚıÙÚ, Àπâ“ Ûˆ.
ÛÛ ‡ªìπ‡ âπ∑“ß∑’Ë¥Ÿ‡À¡◊ÕπÕâÕ¡·≈–‰°≈ ·µà„π
§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß·≈⫇ªìπ‡ âπ∑“ß≈—¥ µ—¥µ√ß
·≈– –¥«°°«à “ °“√≈ß∑–‡≈∑’Ë Õà “ «‰∑¬-
™àÕß·§∫¡–≈–°“ ´÷Ë߇ ’ˬߵàÕ≈¡¡√ ÿ¡¡“°
351
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
ÛÙ Nelson Ikon Wu, Chinese and Indian
Architecture. London : Pilgrim, 1979,
p. 39.
Ûı §ß‡¥™ ª√–æ— ≤ πå ∑ Õß, ‚∫√“≥§¥’
ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å, °√ÿ߇∑æœ : √ÿàß»‘≈ªá°“√æ‘¡æå,
ÚıÚ˘, Àπâ“ Ò˘Ù. §ß‡¥™„™â«‘∏’‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß
≈«¥≈“¬·≈–§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ßÕ“≥“®—°√
æÿ°“¡°—∫À√‘¿ÿ≠‰™¬ ¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√»÷°…“
¥â“πÕ—°¢√–®“√÷°Õ—°…√¡Õ≠‚∫√“≥∑’˧≈⓬
§≈÷ß°—π
Ûˆ  — 𠵑 ‡≈Á° ÿ¢ÿ¡, ». ¥√., ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å
»‘≈ª–‰∑¬, °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æ凡◊Õß
‚∫√“≥, ÚıÙÙ, Àπâ“ ¯Ú.
Û˜ D.G.E.Hall, A History of South-East Asia.
MacMillan : St. Martinûs Press, 1970,
pp. 146, 147. „π æ.». Òı¯˜ π—Èπ‡ªìπ
ªï∑’Ëæ√–‡®â“Õπ‘√ÿ∑∏‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¬÷¥‡¡◊Õß –‡∑‘¡¢Õß
¡Õ≠¡“‰«â„πÕ”π“® ·≈–µàÕ¡“ æ.». ÒˆÒ
®÷ ß ¬÷ ¥ ‡Õ“«— ≤ π∏√√¡ –‡∑‘ ¡ ®“°æ√–‡®â “ ¡πŸ
¡–‡ŒÁß¡“Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë°√ÿßæÿ°“¡ µ√ß°—∫ª≈“¬æÿ∑∏-
»µ«√√…∑’Ë Òˆ µâπæÿ∑∏»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˜
Û¯ æ√–‚æ∏‘√—ß ’, ®“¡‡∑«’«ß»å, Àπâ“ ˜˘-¯Ò.
Û˘  —𵑠‡≈Á° ÿ¢ÿ¡, ». ¥√., À√‘¿ÿ≠™—¬-≈â“ππ“,
°√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æ凡◊Õß‚∫√“≥, ÚıÛ¯,
Àπâ“ Û, ÛÒ.
Ù 摇»… ‡®’¬®—π∑√åæß…å, À“æ√–À“‡®â“, °√ÿß
‡∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æ塵‘™π, ÚıÙı, Àπâ“
Û-Ûˆ.
ÙÒ º“ ÿ¢ Õ‘π∑√“«ÿ∏, ‡√◊ËÕ߇¥‘¡, Àπâ“ ¯ˆ-¯¯.
ÙÚ ‡¥à𥓫 »‘≈ª“ππ∑å, çÀ≈—°∞“π„À¡à®“°«—¥
°Ÿà°ÿ¥ ≈”æŸπ,é ‡¡◊Õß‚∫√“≥ ªï∑’Ë Ú ©∫—∫∑’Ë
Ò, Àπâ“ ÒÛÛ-ÒÛ˜.
ÙÛ æ‘√‘¬– ‰°√ƒ°…å, √». ¥√., Õ“√¬∏√√¡‰∑¬
æ◊È π ∞“π∑“ߪ√–«— µ‘ » “ µ√å »‘ ≈ ª– : ‡≈à¡ Ò
»‘≈ª–°àÕπæÿ∑∏»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘, °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
Õ¡√‘π∑√åæ√‘πµ‘ßÈ , ÚıÙÙ, Àπâ“ ÒÚ¯-ÒÛÒ.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

æ√–æÿ∑∏√Ÿª„π‡®¥’¬å·ª¥‡À≈’ˬ¡ «—¥®“¡‡∑«’ ¬—ߧ߷ ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß√àÕß√Õ¬¢Õß°“√¬°æ√–À—µ∂å Õߢâ“ß„πª“ß«‘µ√√°– À√◊Õ‡ ¥Á®≈ß®“°¥“«¥÷ß å

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„πª√–‡∑»æ¡à“ ‡√’¬°«à“ ç´ÿ⡇§≈Á°é (‡ªìπ¿“…“¡Õ≠-À¡“¬∂÷ß´ÿâ¡∑’Ë¡’≈«¥≈“¬„∫‰¡â§≈⓬‡ª≈«‰ø櫬æÿàß)

‡®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘«—¥®“¡‡∑«’
§◊Õ ÿ«√√≥®—ß‚°Ø À√◊Õ —π¡À“æ≈?
352
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
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æ√–æÿ∑∏√Ÿª¥‘π‡º“ª√–∑—∫¬◊πª“ߪ√–∑“πÕ¿—¬ ¡’∑—Èßæ√–°√À—°À“¬‰ª ·≈–¡’∑—Èß∑’Ë´àÕ¡æ√–°√¢÷Èπ¡“„À¡à„π ¡—¬À≈—ß æ√–æÿ∑∏≈—°…≥–¡’

æ√–æ—°µ√凪ìπ√Ÿª ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡ æ√–¢π߇ªìπ —ππŸπµàÕ°—π æ√–‡πµ√‚ªπ‡À≈◊Õ∫≈ߵ˔ æ√–π“ ‘°·∫π„À≠à æ√–‚Õ…∞åÀπ“·∫– ¡’‰√æ√–¡—  ÿ ‡Àπ◊Õ
æ√–π≈“Ø¡’ÕŸ√≥“°≈¡ ¡’‰√æ√–»°ª√“°Ø¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ¢Õ∫Àπ“ ‡¡Á¥æ√–»°¢¡«¥·À≈¡ Ÿß¡’°√«¬‡√’¬∫ Ê Õ¬Ÿà¥â“π∫πæ√–‡»’¬√´÷Ëß‚ªÉßÕÕ°

‡æÁ≠ ÿ¿“  ÿ¢§µ– „®Õ‘π∑√å

353
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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

 ∂“ªíµ¬°√√¡‡®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘ ∑”‡ªìπ ∂Ÿª∑√ßæ’√–¡‘¥ ı ™—Èπ ¡’æ√–æÿ∑∏√Ÿª¬◊π∑”¥â«¬¥‘π‡º“ª“ߪ√–∑“πÕ¿—¬¥â“π≈– Û Õߧå √«¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ˆ Õߧå

‡®¥’¬å°Ÿà°ÿØ‘«—¥®“¡‡∑«’
§◊Õ ÿ«√√≥®—ß‚°Ø À√◊Õ —π¡À“æ≈?
354
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

The Influence of Buddhism

in Historical Thai Art Lertsiri Bovornkitti*

Abstract
There is a historical relationship between Buddhism and indigenous Thai art; Buddhism has
had an immense influence on Thai art and culture. The emergence of Thai art reflects the integration
of Buddhist components into cultural, political and societal Thai systems, and mostly in the way that
Buddhism has been represented from generation to generation and in the way people have shown
devotion; Buddhist components such as Buddha images, Buddhist monks, and Buddhist activities
(e.g., festivals and ceremonies) have been acknowledged as significant components of Thai culture.
The influence of Buddhism on Thai art and culture has been systematic and direct from the beginning
of the Sukhothai Kingdom at the beginning of the thirteenth century. Subsequently, the indigenous art
forms and styles engaged in the representation of Buddhism were integrated into the Thai cultural
mainstream during the early Rattanakosin era, creating aesthetic art forms, which have been classified
into “classical Thai art”, such as mural painting, sculpture and Chang-sip-moo, and “folk art”. Such
influence of Buddhism on historical Thai art is relevant in the context of scrutinizing the relationship
between Buddhism and Thai art.
This communication is aimed at pointing out the long-standing role of Buddhism in the
development of Thai art in the past, especially the integration of the Buddhist context, which has led to
the creation and the birth of indigenous Thai arts with the styles of “classical Thai art” and “folk art”,
both of which are genuinely Thai. It is tenable that the study of historical Thai art with regard to the
influence of Buddhism would lead to understanding of the development of current contemporary
Thai art.

Key words : Buddhism, historical Thai art, classical Thai art, folk art

For centuries, since the estab-
lishment of the Thai Kingdom in
the thirteenth century AD, the prime
role of traditional Thai art had been
to show devotion to Buddhism. 1
Buddhist art in the early period of
Thai history is believed to have
emerged in the Sukhothai Kingdom,
a highly sophisticated state in the
golden Thai historical era, thirteenth
to fourteenth century. However, long
before the first Thai state became
the supreme power, there were
different ethnic groups, cultures and
religions in the region encompassed
by modern Thailand.
Prior to the Thai people
adopting Buddhism as their religion

* Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand

1
The First Thai Kingdom was the Sukhothai Kingdom, established by King Ram Khamhaeng in 1287 AD.

Lertsiri Bovornkitti
355
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in the first phase of the Thai Kingdom
(in 1287 AD), the art of the Mon2
and the Khmer3, both cultures of
Hindu origin, were flourishing in
the region.4
Despite regional diversities,
Buddhism dominated much of this
area as the Thai Kingdom began to
subjugate other tribal groups. Even
at this stage, Thai art was integrated
with Buddhism as the religion came
to dominate the indigenous Thai
cultures.
Nevertheless, the relatively
ephemeral existence of the kingdom
of Sukhothai (compared with the
other great Thai kingdoms of
Ayutthaya and Lanna) represents a
golden age that laid the foundations
of a structured state capable of
establishing Theravada Buddhism
as its state religion and asserting its
power and cultural identity by
assimilating the heritage of its
predecessors (Girad-Geslan, et al.,
1998 : 100).
In the early period, Thai art was
genuinely an expression of the
development of Buddhism in the
Thai kingdom.
As part of their drive to implant
Theravada Buddhism, the rulers of
the Sukhothai imported patterns of
art as they emanated from the
different populations subscribing to
that form of Buddhism. Apparently
distinguishing themselves as much as
possible from their essentially
Sinhalese, Mon, or, to a lesser extent,
Pala models, the artist-monks of
Sukhothai emerged from this ferment
to develop a form of expression that
met their religious preoccupations
but was nevertheless unique, capable
of imposing itself in turn as a model
for the other Thai states (Girad-
Geslan et al., 1998 : 100).
There is good reason to believe
that the first known Thai artists were
Buddhist monks active during the
Sukhothai Period. Consequently, it is
appropriate to suggest that the early
existence of Buddhism was a major
contributor to the foundations of a
truly Thai art form.
The Buddhist art forms from
Sukhothai and the historical
frameworks of Thai art and culture
within classical Thai art and Thai folk
art are both forms that significantly
revealed Buddhist influence.5

Early Historical Thai Art

As the establishment of the
Thai Kingdom required the building
of these structures, early Thai artistic
forms have been found in palaces,
Figure 1 A historical park in Sukhothai province depicts the ruins Buddhist temples and monuments.
The other sources are the Buddhist
of Sukhothai style architecture, thirteenth century AD; a statue of Buddha
objects and manuscripts used for
in the foreground was built in 1957 AD.
2
The Mon comprise a minority ethnic group in Thailand. Before the eleventh century AD, the Mon were the main ethnic group in what is the Thai
Kingdom today.
3
The Khmer (Cambodians) were powerful during the eleventh to thirteenth centuries AD before the Thai Kingdom developed. The Khmer
Kingdom had influenced the art and culture of Thailand in the past.
4
Refers to the Sukhothai Kingdom in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries AD.
5
See Phillips in The Integrative Art of modern Thailand, 1992, for more details of classical Thai art and Thai folk art.

The Influence of Buddhism in Historical Thai Art

356
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

spreading Buddhism. The strong

characteristics of early Thai architec-
ture reflect its Buddhist themes and
elements, and are seen in holy buil-
dings such as palaces and temples.
The early city of Sukhothai (figure
1) includes a large concentration
of monastic buildings such as a
meeting hall (vihan), a hall for the
ordination of monks (ubosoth) and
stupa (jedi) containing relics or
holy images. These were built for
Buddhist uses and filled with
Buddhist elements. For instance, a
stupa was built outside the walls
of Sukhothai to house a colossal
thirteenth-century plaster image
of the Buddha Maravijaya Phra
Achana. Whilst Buddhism so Figure 2 Figure 3
directly influenced Thai architecture, Buddha image at Wat Phraya Phu, High classic style Buddha image
it has nevertheless developed a form Nan Province, 1426 AD, shows the in bronze, fifteenth century AD,
that is uniquely Thai and continued influence of Sukhothai high classic Sukhothai.
this development from era to era with
style.
a similar focus on visual Buddhist
identity.
As with architecture, Thai It has been a general impression This Buddha image appears
sculpture grew out of Buddhism. that diverse art styles pre-existing in elongated and dominated by a
In Thai history, Buddhist elements the region contributed to the forma- curvelinear form, the shape being
such as the three-dimensional image tion of Thai art during the Sukhothai similar to the S-shape of the historical
of the Buddha have been a key Period. Early in that period, the Thai Western aesthetic form in classical
subject of representation. Buddha belonged to the Mon-Khmer Greek art. The classical Greek art
Buddha imagery was a primary hybrid style. From the fourteenth is highly regarded for its splendid
motif in Buddhist iconography and century, one can begin to recognise a idealised human sculptural forms that
the earliest form of Buddha imagery style of sculpture in Buddha statues suggested by curve-line as seen in
was in sculptural form. The sculpting that developed into the high classic most Greek statues. Another similar
of Buddha statues has been practised Sukhothai style; for example, the form is seen in the fifteenth century
since the beginnings of Thai history Buddha image in the fourteenth Buddha statue, made of bronze with
and the making of Buddha statues century (figure 2). red lacquer and traces of gilding
has been highly significant in all
Buddhist cultures. Sculptures and
relief works were produced exten-
sively from early in the twelfth
century AD.

Lertsiri Bovornkitti
357
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
that is regarded as the classic Thai
historical sculpture style (figure 3).
The Sukhothai Buddha image
indicates that there was a serious
integration of aesthetic form with the
spiritualism of Buddhist sculpture.
In summary, early Thai art style
has its origins in Buddhism within the
development of the Thai state and its
emerging culture. Thai architecture,
sculpture and paintings, all have their
roots in the Buddhist art of this early
phase, and Thai objects and artefacts
have been associated with this
interaction of religion and art.
Accordingly, early Buddhist tablets
and amulets are evidence of historical
art practice.
Whilst Buddhism is now the
state religion in Thailand, and the
Figure 4 Wat Phrasirattanasatsadaram (popularly known as Wat
Phra Kaew) is a chapel on the Grand Palace ground in Bangkok. It was
built by the Chakri Dynasty in 1782 AD, which continues to the present.
6
See also Boisselier, 1976, for more details of classical Thai art.
7
The Rattanakosin era which started in 1782, continues into the present, with the reign of the current Thai monarch.
identity of the nation has been based
on the two sanctified institutions,
Buddhism and the Thai monarchy,
in an historical Thai context, the
original role of Thai art during the
period from the thirteenth to the
seventeenth centuries was to show
devotion to Buddhism alone, by
displaying its sanctity and religious
content for the purposes of teaching
and spreading the belief.
Through its preoccupation
with Buddhist elements, with serving
the Thai monarchy and with the
emerging historical and cultural
identity of its people, Thai art
developed into a unique original
style.
Thai art historians refer to art
forms that are genuinely Thai as
The Influence of Buddhism in Historical Thai Art
358
“classical Thai art”, a result of the
long development of visual images
from earlier stages.6 This art form is
unique in the sense that it is the most
widely known mature form of Thai
art, and its forms and characteristics
are in contrast to “Thai folk art”,
although they are related through
the influence of Buddhism.
The indigenous art forms and
styles engaged in the representation
of Buddhism were integrated into
the Thai cultural mainstream.
This integration, plus that of
Buddhism, into Thai art can be
identified in both “classical Thai
art” and “Thai folk art”.
Phillips (1992) described these
two artistic genres as indigenous
Thai art movements that are cul-
turally Thai.
Classical Thai Art
The Classical Thai Art period
began when the first monarch in
the Chakri Dynasty, King Rama I,
ascended the Throne in 1782. At
that time, following the destruction
of Ayutthaya, the capital was
relocated south to Bangkok, also
known as the capital of Rattana-
kosin (Krung Rattanakosin), in a
programme of ambitious temple
building and restoration projects
(figure 4)7. The new palace has all
buildings of Buddhist corporeal;
these include temple (Wat Phra
Kaew), vihan, and jedi (stupa) and
the main chapel or ubosoth within
the Grand Palace which contains a
series of mural painting representing
Buddhist themes (late eighteenth
century).

Classical Thai art portrayed
scenes from the life of the Lord
Buddha, Buddhist teachings, clas-
sical tales such as the Ramakien
(the Thai version of the Indian epic,
the Ramayana) and Thai literature,
which is most of all associated with
royal patronage, as well as scenes
of contemporary events.
The essence of classical Thai
art is its religious content, didactic
purpose, and highly decorative
designs. Like its medieval European
counterpart, Thai classical art has
always been in the service of the
kingdom’s religious and political
institutions, as well as the human
values associated with them (Phillips,
1992 : 18).
Classical Thai art is the
description for a Thai art form that
is considered the most highly
sophisticated and beautiful in the
Thai historical context. It served
equally the Thai monarchy and
Buddhism, and ultimately became
important for the country’s identity.
In classical Thai art, royal patronage
was strong. It is considered that this
period produced the richest, most
genuine Thai art, in which the height
of Thai aesthetic achievement and
quality was reached.
Classical Thai art is the most
culturally familiar and widely
respected --- if for some Thai, also
somewhat well worn --- of all of
Thailand’s artistic genres. Based
Lertsiri Bovornkitti
in part on Sinhalese and Khmer
prototypes, it has been practiced
for more than a millenium on the
walls and architectural elements of
temples and palaces, on the surfaces
of cabinets, screens, and manuscripts
of both royal and village Thailand,
and in individual Buddha images
representing as many as nine
historically different styles (Phillips,
1992 : 17).
The media that were widely
used in Classical Thai art include
painting, sculpture, stone and wood
bas-relief, stucco, lacquerware,
woodcarving, nilloware and leather.
Painting, now regarded as the most
outstanding traditional medium in the
history of Thai art, originated during
the Classical Era in the form of wall
paintings.
“The practice of painting murals
on the walls of temples reached its
florescence in the murals of the early
and mid-19th century”, that is the
“classical” time of Thai art when
the Thai style of painting began to
develop from murals (Phillips,
1992 : 19).
Painting in the classical Thai
art style adorns the walls of temples,
especially temples built during the
early Rattanakosin period and
exemplified by mural paintings
(figure 5).
In the Thai Classical Period,
sculpture was, like painting, also
widely practised in the tradition of
showing devotion to and serving
Buddhism. Buddha images have
359
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
been the most enduring subjects in
Thai sculpture.
Buddha images have over the
centuries been the single most
important focus of Thai artistic
energy. Thai art historians recognize
as many as nine different styles of
these images. The most “classical” of
the schools --- in the simplicity and
elegance of its imagery --- is the
13th - 15th century Sukhothai style.
Because of its similarity to modern
aesthetic forms, it is the most
emulated of all classical Buddha
figural styles (Phillips, 1992 : 19).
As mentioned previously, the
Sukhothai sculpture of the Buddha
image is acknowledged as the classic
form of Thai style (see figure 3). The
sculptural style of the Rattanakosin
Period reflects the prevailing
aesthetics of the Thai Royal Court,
with highly decorative motifs as seen
in the nineteenth century Buddha
Shakayamuni (figure 6). It is believed
that it was carved during the reign of
King Rama III (1824 - 1851).
In summary, it may be observed
that in the tradition of other earlier
Thai art genres, classical Thai art
reached its peak in aesthetic form in
the early Rattanakosin Period, having
served the Buddhist religion, the
Thai monarchy, especially the royal
court, and the kingdom’s identity,
reflecting values held dearly in the
life of the Thai people.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

Thai Folk Art

Figure 5 Details of a mural at the
corridor of Wat Phra Kaew in the
Grand Palace.
In contrast to classical Thai
art, Thai folk art emerged as a genre
that is associated with “a wide
variety of craft skills and secondarily
to an array of distinctive styles”
(Phillips, 1992 : 21). Moreover, it is
widely practised in various social
settings and often for both decorative
and functional purposes.
According to Phillips (1992)
and other Thai art historians, Thai
folk art encompasses the production
of many different forms and qualities
of weaving, ceramics, jewelry, silver
and gold work, wood carvings, stucco
work, lacquerware, vegetable and
fruit carvings, lathe turnings, papier- Figure 7 A detail from a templeûs
mâché fabrications, flower decora-
gable shows some of the decorative
tions, leatherwork, nilloware and
mother of pearl mosaics.
work in Thai traditional art style.

In terms of the numbers of Phillips (1992) suggested fur-

Figure 6 The Buddha Shakaya-
muni in Parileyyaka Forest,
Rattanakosin Period (1822 - 1853);
bronze, lacquer, gold leaf, coloured
glass; 155 cm.
practitioners and the development of
regional and local traditions, it is
the most widespread, highly ramified,
deeply rooted, and heavily patronized
of Thailand’s artistic genres
(Phillips, 1992 : 20).
Thai folk art has also been
associated with Buddhism. However,
whereas classical Thai art portrays
Buddhist and traditional values, Thai
folk art is more elementary in its
decorative and functional values.
These can be found in utilitarian
items such as food and garment
containers, house supports, clothes,
swords, buffalo yokes, manuscript
cabinets, betel-nut boxes, etc.
ther that the elaborately drawn deco-
rative elements from the folk tradi-
tion, as seen on the windows, doors,
gables, pillars and ceilings
of most of Thailand’s Buddhist
temples, are meant to beautify and
reinforce the sacredness of the temple
environment. Figure 7 shows a re-
stored facade of a nineteenth century
temple gable with folk mosaic work
and spiral vines surrounding a
“godling” from the Buddhist pan-
theon.
Classical Thai art involves
mainly the expression of sacredness
and religious representation and,
although Thai folk art was not formed
to serve Buddhist iconography, it is
related with classical art in the way
that its elements were frequently

The Influence of Buddhism in Historical Thai Art

360

“modified to make them even more
‘classical’, such as when they are
painted gold, the colour of Buddhism,
or red, the colour of heaven and of
those who reside there” (Phillips,
1992 : 21).
For example, elements from
both the classical and Thai folk art
traditions are often seen combined
in a single work such as a wood
carving on a large panel used in wall
decorations (figure 8). Symbolic
elements of animal figures and
filigree designs that come primarily
from Thai classical art traditions
surrounded a Buddhist symbol, the
Thammachak or the Wheel of
Dhamma (teaching) from the
classical art tradition.
Figure 8 A wood carving with the Thammachak symbol reflects the
existence of both classical and Thai folk art.
Lertsiri Bovornkitti
Thus, it could be said that Thai
folk art is indirectly associated with
Buddhist traditions, and that it is
closer to everyday Thai life than
classical Thai art, which serves
mainly the royal court. In addition,
Thai folk art styles have been used
mainly to beautify and honour
material objects of value, typically
as a way of highlighting the status
of the object’s owner. Thus, it must
be distinguished from “classical art”
on the ground of its non-Buddhist
sources and uses.
Even though folk art is signific-
antly distinguishable from classical
art, most Thais now recognise the two
Thai art traditions as a single, unified
art form known as çtraditional Thai
arté.
361
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
In summary, it appears that
Buddhism is indeed the most histor-
ically important inspiration for Thai
art, and that this is supported by
evidence of the emergence of early
Thai art, reflecting Buddhist ele-
ments in the thirteenth century.
Indigenous Thai art consists of
“classical Thai art” and “Thai folk
art”, which together have contributed
to a fully developed form of indigen-
ous art; this is the origin of “tradi-
tional Thai art”. It is elements of
traditional Thai Art that are seen as
integrated into the artworks of
contemporary Thai art, especially
“neo-traditional Thai art”, in the
works of Thawan Duchanee, Ang-
karn Kalayanapongse, Chalermchai
Kositpipat, Panya Vijinthanasarn,
Thepsakdi Thongnopkoon, and
Alongkorn Lawwattana.
References and Further Reading
1. Boisselier J. Thai painting. Tokyo,
New York, and San Francisco :
Kodansha; 1976.
2. Boisselier J. The wisdom of Buddha.
London : Thames and Hudson, Ltd.;
1993.
3. Brown R. Narrative as icon : The
Jataka stories in ancient Indian and
Southeast Asian architecture. In :
Schober J, editor. Sacred biography in
the Buddhist traditions of South and
Southeast Asia. Honolulu : University
of Hawaii Press; 1997. p.64-109.
4. Phillips HP. Modern Thai literature :
with an ethnographic interpretation.
Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press;
1987.
5. Phillips HP. The integrative art of
modern Thailand. Berkeley : Univer-
sity of California at Berkeley; 1992.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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Õ∫·Àâß∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ  à«π ¡∫—µ‘§«“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õß·ªÑß ¡’§à“ peak viscosity ·≈–§à“ final viscosity ≈¥µË”≈ß ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫
¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß ·≈–¡’·π«‚πâ¡≈¥≈ßµ“¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈ÕßÕ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß
Õ∫·Àâßµâπ·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß æ∫«à“πÕ°®“°®–≈¥§«“¡™◊Èπ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°≈߉¥â·≈⫬—ß∑”„Àâ
·ªÑß¿“¬„π‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ° ÿ °À√◊Õ‡°‘¥‡®≈“∑‘ ‰π‡´™—π‰¥â„π¢—ÈπµÕπ‡¥’ ¬«°— π¥â «¬ ®÷ ߇ªìπ°“√√«¡°“√π÷Ë ß·≈–
Õ∫·Àâ ß ‰«â „ π¢—È π µÕπ‡¥’ ¬ «°— π ´÷Ë ß ¡’ º ≈∑”„Àâ ≈ ¥µâ π ∑ÿ π ·≈–√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√º≈‘ µ ¢â “ «π÷Ë ß ≈ß ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫
°—∫√–∫∫°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«π÷Ëß„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å

§” ”§—≠ : °“√·™à, ¢â“«π÷Ëß, ‡®≈“∑‘‰π‡´™—π, ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π,  ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“æ, ‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß

Ò
π—°»÷°…“ª√‘≠≠“‡Õ° §≥–æ≈—ßß“π·≈–«— ¥ÿ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“∏π∫ÿ√’
Ú
ºŸâ™à«¬»“ µ√“®“√¬å §≥–æ≈—ßß“π·≈–«— ¥ÿ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“∏π∫ÿ√’
Û
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å §≥–æ≈—ßß“π·≈–«— ¥ÿ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“∏π∫ÿ√’
Ù
»“ µ√“®“√¬å §≥–æ≈—ßß“π·≈–«— ¥ÿ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“∏π∫ÿ√’

«∑—≠êŸ √Õ¥ª√–æ—≤πå ·≈–§≥–

363
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
Ò. ∫∑π”
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ “¡“√∂ àßÕÕ°¢â“«
‡ªì π Õ— π ¥— ∫ Àπ÷Ë ß ¢Õß‚≈°µ‘ ¥ µà Õ °— π ¡“
À≈“¬ªï ·µàµâπ∑ÿπ„π°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«„π
ª√–‡∑»æ∫«à“¬—ߧߠŸßÕ¬Ÿà ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
¢â“ «π÷Ë ß ∑’Ë ° √–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ ¡’À ≈“¬¢—È π
µÕπ §◊Õ Ò) °“√·™à (soaking) ‡æ◊ËÕ
∑”„Àâ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°π—Èπ¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
√–À«à“ß√âÕ¬≈– Û-Ùı ¡“µ√∞“π·Àâß
‚¥¬·™à¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°„ππÈ”√âÕπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
ª√–¡“≥ ˆ-¯ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ
‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ Û-¯ ™—Ë«‚¡ß Ú) °“√
π÷Ëß (steaming) ¥â«¬‰ÕπȔՑˡµ—« ¢—È π
µÕππ’È®–∑”„À⇡Á¥·ªÑ߇°‘¥‡®≈“∑‘‰π´å
Û) °“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ‡æ◊ËÕ ≈¥§«“¡™◊È π ¢â“ «
‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕºà“π Ú ¢—ÈπµÕπ
·√° „π°“√Õ∫·Àâß®–·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ Ú
™à«ß §◊Õ ™à«ß§«“¡™◊Èπ Ÿß√âÕ¬≈– Ò˘
¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬°¢÷Èπ‰ª ·≈–™à«ß§«“¡™◊Èπ
µË”°«à“√âÕ¬≈– Ò¯ ¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬°
Taweerattanapanish ·≈–§≥–Ò
‰¥â»°÷ …“§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â¢Õß°“√Õ∫·Àâß
¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °¥â « ¬‡∑§π‘ § ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥´å ‡ ∫¥
‚¥¬„™â Õ “°“»√â Õ π æ∫«à “ §«“¡™◊È π
 ÿ¥∑⓬¢Õߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°¡’º≈µàÕ√âÕ¬≈–
µâπ¢â“« ∂ⓧ«“¡™◊Èπ ÿ¥∑⓬¢Õߢ⓫
‡ª≈◊Õ°µË”°«à“√âÕ¬≈– Ò¯ ¡“µ√∞“π
‡ªï¬° ‡¡◊ËÕ𔉪 ’®–‰¥â√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«
≈¥≈ßÚ ‰¥â»÷°…“·≈–ÕÕ°·∫∫‡§√◊ËÕß
Õ∫·Àâ ß ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °·∫∫ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥´å ‡ ∫¥
‚¥¬„™â ‰ ÕπÈ” √â Õ π¬«¥¬‘Ë ß ‡ªì π µ— « °≈“ß
„π°“√∂à“¬‡∑§«“¡√âÕπ (·∫∫ß«¥) ∑’Ë
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß Òı ·≈– Ò˜ Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡ Ÿß¢Õ߇∫¥ Ò-Òı
‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ æ∫«à“§«“¡‡√Á«µË” ÿ¥„π°“√
‡°‘¥ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π‡∑à“°—∫ Ú.ˆ ‡¡µ√µàÕ
«‘ π “∑’ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß¡’º≈µàÕÕ—µ√“
°“√Õ∫·Àâß¡“°°«à“§«“¡ Ÿß¢Õ߇∫¥
·≈–¬—ßæ∫Õ’°«à“¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√
Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß·≈â«®–¡’
√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«‡æ‘Ë¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ·µà§«“¡¢“«
¢Õߢ⓫ “√®–≈¥≈ß ( ’§≈⓬°—∫¢â“«
π÷Ëß) ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ𔉪∑¥ Õ∫°“√Àÿß ¢â“«
¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬°—∫¢â“«π÷Ëß Rordprapat
·≈–§≥–Û ‰¥â »÷ ° …“‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫°— ∫
°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬Փ°“»√âÕπ æ∫«à“‰¥â
√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“Õ¬à“߇ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥
·≈–®“°ß“π«‘®—¬¬—ßæ∫«à“°“√Õ∫·Àâß
‚¥¬„™â ‰ ÕπÈ” √â Õ π¬«¥¬‘Ë ß ¡’ ¢â Õ ¥’ ∫ “ß
ª√–°“√ ‡™àπ ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√Õ∫·Àâß Ÿß·≈–
 “¡“√∂°”®— ¥ °≈‘Ë π ¢Õߺ≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å ‰ ¥â
Õ’°¥â«¬
®“°ß“π«‘®—¬∑’˺à“π¡“æ∫«à“ °“√
Õ∫·Àâ ß ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡™◊È π  Ÿ ß
¥â « ¬‰ÕπÈ” √â Õ π¬«¥¬‘Ë ß ¥â « ¬‡∑§π‘ §
ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥´å ‡ ∫¥ “¡“√∂≈¥¢—È π µÕπ°“√
º≈‘ µ ¢â “ «π÷Ë ß ¥— ß °≈à “ «¢â “ ßµâ π ‰¥â ‚¥¬
 “¡“√∂√«¡¢—È π µÕπ°“√π÷Ë ß ·≈–°“√
Õ∫·Àâß™à«ß·√°‡¢â“‡ªìπ¢—ÈπµÕπ‡¥’¬«
¥—ßπ—Èπ ®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å¢Õßß“π«‘®—¬π’ȇæ◊ËÕ
ÕÕ°·∫∫  √â“ß·≈–∑¥ Õ∫ ¡√√∂π–
‡§√◊Ë Õ ßÕ∫·Àâ ß µâ π ·∫∫ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥´å ‡ ∫¥
‚¥¬„™â‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß  ”À√—∫π÷Ëß·≈–
Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ° ‚¥¬»÷°…“‡©æ“–
 ¡∫—µ‘¢Õߢ⓫∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß ‡™àπ
√â Õ ¬≈–µâ π ¢â “ « §«“¡¢“« ·≈–√âÕ¬≈–
¢â “ «∑â Õ ß‰¢à ‚§√ß √â “ ß√–¥— ∫ ®ÿ ≈ ¿“§
(micro-structure)  ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß pasting
·≈–‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫°— ∫ °“√º≈‘ µ ¢â “ «π÷Ë ß
„π‚√ß ’¢â“«®√‘ß
364
Ú. Õÿª°√≥å·≈–«‘∏’°“√
‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâß∑’Ë„™â„π°“√∑¥≈Õß
„πß“π«‘ ®— ¬ π’È ‡ ªì 𠇧√◊Ë Õ ßÕ∫·Àâ ß ¢â “ «
‡ª≈◊Õ°·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß
(√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò) ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ (Ò) ‡§√◊ËÕß
°”‡π‘¥‰ÕπÈ” (boiler) §«“¡ “¡“√∂
º≈‘µ‰ÕπÈ”‰¥âª√–¡“≥ Òˆ °‘‚≈°√—¡
µàÕ™—Ë«‚¡ß §«“¡¥—π‰ÕπÈ” Ÿß ÿ¥ ¯ ∫“√å
„™â ”À√—∫º≈‘µ‰ÕπȔՑˡµ—«‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕπ‡¢â“
√–∫∫‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâß (Ú) Õÿª°√≥å„Àâ
§«“¡√âÕπ¢π“¥ Û °‘‚≈«—µµå ¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë
‡ª≈’¬Ë π ∂“π–¢Õ߉ÕπȔՑ¡Ë µ—«‡ªìπ‰ÕπÈ”
√â Õ𬫥¬‘Ë ß (superheated steam)
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢Õ߉ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß°àÕπ‡¢â“
ÀâÕßÕ∫·Àâߧ«∫§ÿ¡¥â«¬ PID ´÷Ëß¡’§à“
§«“¡∂Ÿ°µâÕß ± Ò Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  (Û)
æ—¥≈¡ (blower) ‡ªìπ·∫∫‡À«’ˬ߄∫æ—¥
‚§âßÀ≈—ß (backward-curved centrifu-
gal blower) ¢—∫¥â«¬¡Õ‡µÕ√å¢π“¥ ı.ı
·√ß¡â“ „™â ”À√—∫‡«’¬πÕ“°“»·≈–‰ÕπÈ”
√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß¿“¬„π√–∫∫‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâß
(Ù) ÀâÕßÕ∫·Àâß (drying chamber)
¢π“¥æ◊πÈ ∑’ÀË π⓵—¥µ–·°√ß Ú Ó .¯ı
µ“√“߇¡µ√ (ı) ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥—°ΩÿπÉ (cyclone)
∑”Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ¥— ° ΩÿÉ π ·≈–¢â “ «≈’ ∫ ∑’Ë ª π¡“
°—∫¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ° (ˆ) ‚√∑“√’«“≈å« (rotary
valve) µ‘¥µ—Èß„µâ‡§√◊ËÕߥ—°ΩÿÉπ‡æ◊ËÕ∑”
Àπâ“∑’Ë≈”‡≈’¬ßΩÿÉπÕÕ°·≈–ªÑÕß°—π°“√
√—Ë«¢Õ߉ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘ËßÕÕ°®“°√–∫∫
Õ∫·Àâ ß  à « π°“√ªÑ Õ π·≈–ª≈à Õ ¬¢â “ «
‡ª≈◊Õ°„™â§«“¡Àπ“¢Õߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°‡ªìπ
µ—«ªÑÕß°—π°“√√—Ë«¢Õ߉ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß
´÷ËßÕÿª°√≥å∑ÿ°™‘Èπ∑”¥â«¬‡À≈Á°°≈Ⓣ¡à
‡ªì π  π‘ ¡ (stainless steel) Àÿ⡥⫬
©π«π„¬·°â«Àπ“ Ú.ı ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√
°“√æ—≤𓇧√◊ËÕßµâπ·∫∫Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫π÷Ëß
·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥‚¥¬„™â‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß

Ú.Ò °“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °
¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß
π”¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ
 Ÿß ∑’˺à“π°“√·™à (soaking) ‡æ◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡
§«“¡™◊Èπ ¡“∑¥≈ÕßÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕß
Õ∫·Àâ ß µâ π ·∫∫ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥´å ‡ ∫¥‚¥¬„™â
‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß ¡’¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√∑¥≈Õß
¥—ßπ’È
Ò. ‡√‘Ë¡‡¥‘π‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâß
µâπ·∫∫ µ—ÈßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâ߉«â∑’Ë ÒÛ
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’ ¬   ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ßÕ∫·Àâ ß
∑”ß“π‡¢â“ Ÿà¿“«–§ßµ—« ®÷߇√‘Ë¡ª≈àÕ¬
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°‡¢â“‰ª„πÀâÕßÕ∫·Àâß ª√—∫
ª√‘¡“≥¢Õ߉ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘ßË „Àâ°√–®“¬
∑—Ë«ÀâÕßÕ∫·Àâß ª√—∫√–¥—∫§«“¡ Ÿß¢Õß
·ºàπ°—Èπ (weir) ª√–¡“≥ ¯ ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√
«—¥§«“¡‡√Á«¢Õ߉ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß
Ú. ª≈àÕ¬„À⇧√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâß
∑”ß“π„π¿“«–§ßµ— « «— ¥ Õ— µ √“°“√
ªÑÕπ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑ÿ° Ê Òı π“∑’ ·≈–
‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°ª√–¡“≥ ı
°√—¡ „ à∂ÿßæ≈“ µ‘°√âÕπ¡—¥ª“°∂ÿß„Àâ
 π‘∑ °àÕπ‡¢â“·≈–ÕÕ°®“°‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫
·Àâß∑ÿ° Ê Ò π“∑’ ·≈–®–∑”ß“πµàÕ
‡π◊ËÕߪ√–¡“≥ Ú-Û ™—Ë«‚¡ß
Û. π”µ— « Õ¬à “ ߢÕߢ⠓ «
‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë ºà “ π°“√Õ∫·Àâß ·≈â« ‰ªÀ“
§«“¡™◊Èπ¥â«¬µŸâÕ∫‰øøÑ“
Ù. π”µ—«Õ¬à“ߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°
∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ‰ª≈¥§«“¡™◊Èπ„Àâ‡À≈◊Õª√–¡“≥
√âÕ¬≈– ÒÙ ¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬° ·≈â«®÷ßπ”
‰ª∑¥ Õ∫§ÿ≥¿“æ
ı. ª√—∫µ—ßÈ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ ∫·Àâß
¢Õ߉ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ë߉«â∑’Ë ÒÛ, Òı
·≈– Ò˜ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ·≈–¥”‡π‘π
«∑—≠êŸ √Õ¥ª√–æ—≤πå ·≈–§≥–
°“√µ“¡¢âÕ∑’Ë Ú-Ù µ“¡≈”¥—∫
Ú.Ú ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë „ ™â „ π°“√
∑¥≈Õß
¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë π”¡“„™â „ π
°“√Õ∫·Àâß·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ Ú  à«π §◊Õ
Ò. ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °æ— π ∏ÿå  ÿ -
æ√√≥∫ÿ √’ Ò ·™à ∑’Ë Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ πÈ” ‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π
¯ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥
Û ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈â«√‘ππÈ”∑’Ë„™â·™à¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°
ÕÕ° ·≈–‡°Á ∫ ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °‰«â „ π∑’Ë Õ— ∫
Õ“°“»‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Ò ™—Ë«‚¡ßı °àÕππ”
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°‰ªÕ∫·Àâß
Ú. ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë · ™à ® “°
‚√ß ’¢â“«π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å æ—π∏ÿå
™— ¬ π“∑ Ò ‚¥¬·™à πÈ” Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ‡ ©≈’Ë ¬
ª√–¡“≥ ˜ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ‡«≈“
ª√–¡“≥ ˜-¯ ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈⫇°Á∫‰«â„π∑’Ë
Õ—∫Õ“°“»ª√–¡“≥ Ú ™—Ë«‚¡ß °àÕππ”
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°‰ªÕ∫·Àâß
Ú.Û À“§«“¡™◊È π ¢Õ߇¡≈Á ¥
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°
°“√À“§«“¡™◊È π ¢Õߢ⠓ «
‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß „™âµŸâÕ∫‰øøÑ“
(hot air oven) ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√¢Õß Ameri-
can Association of Cereal Chemists
(AACC)Ù ‚¥¬Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°µ—«
Õ¬à“ß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ·∫∫ àÕß°√“¥ (scanning
‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ˜Ú ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‡§√◊ËÕß™—ËßπÈ”Àπ—°
 ”À√— ∫ À“§«“¡™◊È π ‡ªì π ·∫∫¥‘ ®‘ ∑— ≈ ¡’
§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ± .Ò °√—¡ ™—ËßπÈ”Àπ—°
 Ÿß ÿ¥ ı °√—¡
Ú.Ù §ÿ≥¿“æ°“√ ’
π”¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë ºà “ π°“√
Õ∫·Àâßµ“¡‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢µà“ß Ê Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬
Õ“°“»·«¥≈âÕ¡‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ‡À≈◊Õ
365
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
ª√–¡“≥√â Õ¬≈– ÒÙ ¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï ¬ °
·≈â«®÷ß𔉪∑¥ Õ∫§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√ ’ ‚¥¬
„™â‡§√◊ÕË ß°–‡∑“–‡ª≈◊Õ°·∫∫≈Ÿ°¬“߬’ÀË Õâ
Satake ·≈–¢—¥¢“«¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß McGill
Miller ¢â“«∑’˺à“π°“√¢—¥¢“«·≈â«π”‰ª
§—¥·¬°¢â“«À—°¥â«¬µ–·°√ß°≈¡ ·≈–
«— ¥ §«“¡¢“«¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ß«— ¥ §«“¡¢“«
¬’ËÀâÕ Kett model C-300 ‡§√◊ËÕß™—Ëß
πÈ” Àπ— °  ”À√— ∫ À“§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ°“√ ’ ‡ ªì π
·∫∫¥‘®‘∑—≈ ¡’§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ± .Ò °√—¡
™—ËßπÈ”Àπ—° Ÿß ÿ¥‰¥â ı °√—¡
Ú.ı «‘ ∏’ ° “√À“√â Õ ¬≈–¢â “ «
∑âÕ߉¢à (white belly)
π”µâ π ¢â “ «∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ® “°°“√
∑¥ Õ∫§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ°“√ ’ ®”π«π Ò
‡¡≈Á¥ ¡“·¬°¢â“«∑’ˇªìπ white belly
§◊ Õ ‡¡≈Á ¥ ¢â “ «∑’Ë ¡’ æ◊È π ∑’Ë ¢ “«¢ÿà π ∑÷∫· ß
‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈– ı ¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑—È߇¡≈Á¥ÕÕ°
®“°°≈ÿà¡ ‚¥¬„™â· ß‰ø àÕß®“°¥â“π
≈à“ߢÕ߇¡≈Á¥ ∑”´È”°—π®”π«π Û §√—Èß
·≈â«π”§à“∑’ˉ¥â‰ªÀ“§à“‡©≈’ˬ∑“ß ∂‘µ‘
Ú.ˆ µ√«® Õ∫‚§√ß √â “ ß
√–¥—∫®ÿ≈¿“§ (micro-structure)
°“√À“‚§√ß √â “ ß¿“¬„π
¢Õ߇¡≈Á¥ ¢â “ « “√∑’Ë ºà“ π°√–∫«π°“√
Õ∫·Àâß À“‰¥â‚¥¬π”‰ª àÕߥ⫬°≈âÕß
electron microscopes) √ÿàπ JSM-
5600 LV/JSM-5600 Japan ∑’Ë¡’
°”≈—ߢ¬“¬ Ò, ‡∑à“
Ú.˜ § « “ ¡ À π◊ ¥ ¢ Õ ß · ªÑ ß
(viscosity)
§«“¡Àπ◊ ¥ ¢Õß·ªÑ ß À“‰¥â
®“°°“√«— ¥  ¡∫— µ‘ ∑ “ß pasting ¢Õß
¢â “ «π÷Ë ß ‚¥¬„™â ‡ §√◊Ë Õ ß Rapid Visco
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
Analyzer model-4 (Newport Scient-
ific Pty Ltd., Warier wood, Australia)
¥”‡π‘πµ“¡«‘∏’°“√¢Õß AACC (1995)
Method 61-02Ù ‚¥¬°“√π”µ—«Õ¬à“ß
·ªÑ ß ¢â “ «∑’Ë ºà “ π°“√∫¥≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥¥â « ¬
‡§√◊ËÕß Ultra centrifugal mill µ–·°√ß
¢π“¥ .Úı ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√ „™â·ªÑß„π°“√
∑¥ Õ∫®”π«π Û ± .Ò °√—¡ º ¡
°—∫πÈ”°≈—Ëπ Úı ± .Ò ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ °àÕπ
𔉪‡¢â“∑¥ Õ∫„™â„∫擬§π·ªÑß°—∫
πÈ”„Àâ≈–≈“¬‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¥’¬«°—π ·≈â«π”
µ— « Õ¬à “ ß∑’Ë ‡ µ√’ ¬ ¡‰¥â ‡ ¢â “ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß RVA
§«“¡‡√Á « √Õ∫¢Õß„∫°«π Ò «‘ π “∑’
·√°‡∑à“°—∫ ˘ˆ √Õ∫µàÕπ“∑’ À≈—ß®“°
π—Èπ≈¥§«“¡‡√Á«√Õ∫‡∑à“°—∫ Òˆ √Õ∫
µà Õ π“∑’ ®π ‘È π  ÿ ¥ °“√∑¥ Õ∫ °“√
‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ßÕÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ¢ Õ߇§√◊Ë Õ ß
∑¥ Õ∫®–‡√‘Ë¡®“° ı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  «—¥§à“§«“¡·¢Áß‚¥¬‡§√◊ËÕß
‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Ò π“∑’ µàÕ®“°π—ÈπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
®–‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡ªì π ˘ı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ¥â«¬
Õ—µ√“ ÒÚ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ µàÕπ“∑’ ·≈–
§ß‰«â∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ˘ı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ‡ªìπ
‡«≈“ Ú.ı π“∑’ ®“°π—Èπ∑”„À⇬Áπ≈ß
°≈—∫¡“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  Banjong˜
¥â « ¬Õ— µ √“°“√∑”„Àâ ‡ ¬Á π ÒÚ Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬ µàÕπ“∑’ ·≈â«√—°…“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
‰«â∑’Ë ı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Ú
π“∑’ °“√∑¥ Õ∫·µà≈–µ—«Õ¬à“ß®–„™â
‡«≈“ ÒÚ π“∑’ Û «‘π“∑’ ‚¥¬®–∑¥ Õ∫
·µà≈–µ—«Õ¬à“ß´È” Ú §√—Èß  ¡∫—µ‘ pasting
µà“ß Ê ∂Ÿ° plot ‡∑’¬∫°—∫‡«≈“ §à“∑’ˉ¥â
®“°°√“ø pasting properties ‰¥â·°à
§à “ Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ‡ √‘Ë ¡ ‡°‘ ¥ ‡®≈“∑‘ ‰ π‡´™— π
(pasting temperature) §à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥
 Ÿß ÿ¥ (peak viscosity) §à“§«“¡§ß∑π
µàÕ°“√°«π (trough) ·≈–§à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥
 ÿ¥∑⓬ (final viscosity)
Ú.¯ ª√‘ ¡ “≥°“√¥Ÿ ¥ ´— ∫ πÈ”
(water absorption)
°√–∫«π°“√∑¥ Õ∫§à“°“√
¥Ÿ ¥ ´— ∫ πÈ” ¢Õ߇¡≈Á ¥ ¢â “ «„™â «‘ ∏’ ° “√¢Õß
Sabularse ·≈–§≥–ˆ ‚¥¬π”¢â“« “√
Ò °√—¡ „ à„ππÈ” Ú ± .Ò ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√
„πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß·≈⫵⡄π water bath
∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ˘ı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ
‡«≈“‡∑à“°—∫‡«≈“¢Õß cooking time
À≈—ß®“°π—πÈ §”π«≥ª√‘¡“≥¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°
∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ™—ËßπÈ”Àπ—°‚¥¬„™â‡§√◊ËÕß™—Ëß
πÈ”Àπ—°·∫∫¥‘®‘∑—≈ ¡’§à“§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥
± .Ò °√—¡
Ú.˘ ° “ √ À “ §à “ § « “ ¡ · ¢Á ß
(hardness)
¡◊Õ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ texture analyzer ´÷Ëß„π
°“√«— ¥ §à “ §«“¡·¢Á ß π—È π µâ Õ ß„™â ¢â “ «∑’Ë
ºà“π°“√Àÿß ÿ°·≈â« ·≈–¢â“«·µà≈–™π‘¥
®–„™â ª √‘ ¡ “≥„π°“√Àÿ ß ∑’Ë · µ°µà “ ß°— π
«‘ ∏’ ° “√Àÿ ß ¢â “ «„πß“π«‘ ®— ¬ π’È „ ™â ¢ Õß
Û. º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß·≈–«‘®“√≥å
(results and discussion)
°“√Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß
µâπ·∫∫Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘-
‰¥´å‡∫¥¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß „πß“π
«‘®—¬π’È·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ Ú  à«π §◊Õ ∑¥≈Õß
∑’‡Ë ß◊ÕË π‰¢µà“ß Ê ‡æ◊ÕË À“‡ß◊ÕË π‰¢∑’‡Ë À¡“–
 ¡„π°“√Õ∫·Àâß ·≈–∑¥≈Õß√à«¡°—∫
‚√ß ’¢â“«π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å‡æ◊ËÕ
‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫√–∫∫°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«π÷Ëß
366
·∫∫‡¥‘¡∑’Ë„™âÕ¬Ÿà„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‚¥¬µ√«®
 Õ∫§ÿ≥¿“æ¢â“«À≈—ß°“√Õ∫·Àâß„π√Ÿª
¢Õß√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“« §«“¡¢“« √âÕ¬≈–
¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à §«“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õß·ªÑß ·≈–
‚§√ß √â“ß√–¥—∫®ÿ≈¿“§ º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß
¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ¥—ßπ’È
Û.Ò À ≈— ° ° “ √ ∑” ß “ π · ≈ –
≈—°…≥–°“√‡°‘¥ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π
„π°“√Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°
¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ßµâ π ·∫∫ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥´å ‡ ∫¥¥â « ¬
‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß °àÕπ‡√‘Ë¡Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫
‡ª≈◊Õ°¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß µâÕßÕÿàπ
Õÿª°√≥å„π√–∫∫¥â«¬Õ“°“»√âÕπ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢ÕßÕÿª°√≥å Ÿß°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë
‡°‘¥°“√§«∫·πàπ¢Õ߉ÕπÈ” (¡“°°«à“
Ò Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ) ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π°“√
§«∫·πàπ¢Õ߉ÕπÈ”‡¡◊ËÕ∂Ÿ°ª≈àÕ¬‡¢â“¡“
„π√–∫∫Õ∫·Àâß ´÷ËßÕ“®¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ
°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâß ·≈â«®÷ß
‡ªî ¥ «“≈å « ‡æ◊Ë Õ ª≈à Õ ¬‰ÕπÈ” ®“°‡§√◊Ë Õ ß
°”‡π‘¥‰ÕπÈ”‡¢â“¡“·∑π∑’ËÕ“°“»√âÕπ
∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà¿“¬„π√–∫∫Õ∫·Àâß ‚¥¬∑’ˉÕπÈ”
Õ‘Ë¡µ—«®–‰À≈ºà“πÕÿª°√≥å„À⧫“¡√âÕπ
(superheater) °≈“¬‡ªì π ‰ÕπÈ” √â Õ π
¬«¥¬‘Ëß ‰À≈ºà“πæ—¥≈¡ (blower) ÀâÕß
Õ∫·Àâß (drying chamber) ‡§√◊ËÕß·¬°
ΩÿÉ π (cyclone)  à « πÕ“°“»®–∂Ÿ °
√–∫“¬ÕÕ°∑“ß™à Õ ß√–∫“¬Õ“°“»∑‘È ß
‡æ◊Ë Õ √–∫∫®–∂Ÿ ° ·∑π∑’Ë ¥â « ¬‰ÕπÈ” √â Õ π
¬«¥¬‘Ëß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‚¥¬ —߇°µ‰¥â®“°§«—π
∑’Ë√–∫“¬ÕÕ°®“°∑àÕ√–∫“¬Õ“°“»·≈–
°√–· ‰øøÑ“∑’Ë„™â®–≈¥≈ß ®–ªî¥™àÕß
√–∫“¬Õ“°“» ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¿“¬„π√–∫∫¡’
‡©æ“–‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘ßË ‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«
‡¡◊Ë Õ Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ¢ Õ߉ÕπÈ” √â Õ π¬«¥¬‘Ë ß „π
°“√æ—≤𓇧√◊ËÕßµâπ·∫∫Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫π÷Ëß
·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥‚¥¬„™â‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß

√–∫∫‡∑à “ °— ∫ Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ Õ ∫·Àâ ß ∑’Ë µ—È ß ‰«â
µ“¡‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢°“√Õ∫·Àâß ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°®–
∂Ÿ ° ª≈à Õ ¬®“°∂— ß æ— ° ‡¢â “ ¡“„πÀâ Õ ßÕ∫
·Àâ ß „π™à « ß·√°¢Õß°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ‡°‘ ¥
°“√§«∫·πà π ¢Õ߉ÕπÈ” ¢÷È π „π‡∫¥
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ° ‡∫¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°„π™à«ßπ’È®–
π‘Ëß ·≈–‡√‘Ë¡‡°‘¥ channeling µ“¡¡“
‡¡◊ËÕ‰ÕπÈ”∑’˧«∫·πàπ√–‡À¬°≈“¬‡ªìπ
‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘ËßÀ¡¥·≈â« ‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«
‡ª≈◊Õ°„π‡∫¥®–‡√‘Ë¡‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ bub-
bling bed ·≈–®–‡√‘Ë ¡ ≈Õ¬µ— « Õ¬à “ ß
 ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ∑—Ë«∑—È߇∫¥„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“ °“√
Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥
¬‘Ëß®–¥”‡π‘π‰ªÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß „πß“π
«‘ ®— ¬ π’È § «∫§ÿ ¡ „Àâ ‡ ¡≈Á ¥ ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °
¡’ ‡ «≈“Õ¬Ÿà „ πÀâ Õ ßÕ∫·Àâ ß (residence
time) ª√–¡“≥ Ù-ı π“∑’ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥â
§«“¡™◊È π  ÿ¥ ∑â“ ¬ª√–¡“≥√â Õ ¬≈– Ò¯
¡“µ√∞“π·Àâß ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˧«“¡™◊Èππ’È
‡¡◊ËÕ𔉪∑¥ Õ∫°“√ ’®–‰¥â√âÕ¬≈–µâπ
¢â“« ŸßÚ √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ¬Ÿà„π
Àâ Õ ßÕ∫·Àâ ß  “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ ¡ ‰¥â ‚ ¥¬
°“√§«∫§ÿ¡Õ—µ√“°“√ªÑÕπ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°
‡¢â“ Ÿà‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâß „π°“√∑¥≈Õß·µà≈–
§√—Èß®–„™â‡«≈“∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ Ú-Û ™—Ë«‚¡ß
Û.Ú °“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ߧ«“¡
™◊È π ·≈–§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ∑“ߥ⠓ 𰓬¿“æ
¢Õߢ⓫∑’ËÕ∫·Àâß·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥
¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß
º≈°“√∑¥≈ÕßÕ∫·Àâߢ⓫
‡ª≈◊Õ°æ—π∏ÿå ÿæ√√≥∫ÿ√’ Ò ∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡§«“¡
™◊È π ‚¥¬°“√·™à πÈ” ∑’Ë Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ‡ √‘Ë ¡ µâ π
¯ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Û ™—Ë«‚¡ß
(µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò) ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°À≈—ß°“√·™à¡’
§«“¡™◊πÈ √âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.˜ ± .ˆ ¡“µ√∞“π
«∑—≠êŸ √Õ¥ª√–æ—≤πå ·≈–§≥–
‡ªï¬° ‡¡◊ËÕºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”
√âÕ𬫥¬‘ËßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÚ¯, ÒÙ˜ ·≈–
ÒˆÙ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“
Ù.ı-Ù.¯ π“∑’ æ∫«à“§«“¡™◊Èπ¢Õß
‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°®–≈¥≈ßµ“¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
Õ∫·Àâß∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ√âÕ¬≈–
Ò¯.¯ ± .ˆ, Ò˜.˘ ± .˜ ·≈– Òı ±
.ˆ ¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬° µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‡¡≈Á¥
¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë Õ ∫·Àâ ß ¥â « ¬‰ÕπÈ” √â Õ π
¬«¥¬‘Ëß®–‰¥â√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“« Ÿß°«à“‡¡◊ËÕ
‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°°àÕπÕ∫·Àâß (√âÕ¬
≈– ıÛ.˜) ‡æ√“–«à“·ªÑß¿“¬„π‡¡≈Á¥
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”
√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ë߇°‘¥‡®≈“∑‘‰π‡´™—π‰¥âÕ¬à“ß
‡À¡“– ¡¯, Û ‡¡◊ËÕ𔉪 ’ ®÷ß∑”„À≥â
√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«∑’Ë Ÿß ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß
‡©≈’ˬ ÒÚ¯ ·≈– ÒÙ˜ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡√àß°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°√‘ ¬‘ “ ’πÈ”µ“≈ (browning
√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«¡’§à“‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π¡“°
π—° (√âÕ¬≈– ˆı.˘ ± Ò. ·≈– ˆˆ.¯ ±
.ˆ µ“¡≈”¥—∫) ‡¡◊ËÕÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬Õÿ≥À-
¿Ÿ ¡‘ ÒˆÙ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  √âÕ¬≈–µâπ
¢â“«®–≈¥≈ß (√âÕ¬≈– ı˘ ± Ú.ı) ‡π◊ËÕß
®“°§«“¡™◊È π ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °À≈— ß °“√Õ∫
·Àâߵ˔¡“° ®÷ß∑”„À⇡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°
‡ °‘ ¥ § « “ ¡ · µ ° µà “ ß ¢ Õ ß § « “ ¡ ™◊È π
√–À«à“ß¿“¬πÕ°°—∫¿“¬„π‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«
‡ª≈◊Õ° ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡§âπ¢÷Èπ¿“¬„π
‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ° ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ß“π
«‘®—¬¢Õß Taechapiroj ·≈–§≥–Ú ∑’Ëæ∫
«à“∂ⓧ«“¡™◊Èπ ÿ¥∑⓬¢Õߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°
∑’ËÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëߵ˔°«à“
Òı.Û ¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬° ®–∑”„Àâ√âÕ¬≈–
µâπ¢â“«≈¥≈ß
§«“¡¢“«¢Õߢ⓫ “√∑’ËÕ∫
·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß®–≈¥≈߇¡◊ËÕ
367
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß (ÙÚ.Ú ± .ˆ ®ÿ¥)
‚¥¬¡’ § «“¡·µ°µà “ ß°— π Õ¬à “ ß™— ¥ ‡®π
µ“¡Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ¢ Õß°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ÒÚ¯,
ÒÙ˜ ·≈– ÒˆÙ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §◊Õ
Ûˆ.Ò ± .Û, ÛÛ.¯ ± .˜ ·≈– Ú˘.¯ ±
.¯ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ∑—Èßπ’È ‡æ√“–«à“™à«ß·√°
¢Õß°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß
®–‡°‘¥°“√§«∫·πàπ¢Õ߉ÕπÈ”∑’Ë∫√‘‡«≥
º‘« ∑”„Àâ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
Õ“®®–¡’º≈∑”„Àâ ’¢Õ߇ª≈◊Õ°¢â“«·≈–
 ’¢Õß√”∫“ß à«π·æ√à‡¢â“ Ÿà¿“¬„π‡π◊ÈÕ
‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ° ®÷ß¡’º≈∑”„À⧫“¡
¢“«¢Õߢ⓫ “√≈¥≈ß ‡¡◊ËÕÕ∫·Àâߢ⓫
‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ®–∑”„À⇡≈Á¥
¢â “ « ‡ ª ≈◊ Õ ° ¡’ Õÿ ≥ À ¿Ÿ ¡‘  Ÿ ß ¢÷È π µ “ ¡
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë Ÿßπ’È®–™à«¬
reaction) ·∫∫‡¡≈≈“√å¥ ´÷Ëß¡’º≈∑”„Àâ
¢â“« “√∑’ˉ¥â®“°¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ËÕ∫·Àâß∑’Ë
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß¡’ ’‡¢â¡°«à“¢â“« “√∑’ˉ¥â®“°
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ËÕ∫·Àâß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µË”°«à“
√âÕ¬≈–¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à¢Õߢ⓫
‡ª≈◊Õ°°àÕπ°“√Õ∫·Àâ߇∑à“°—∫√âÕ¬≈–
ı.Ù ± .ˆ ‡¡◊ËÕºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬
‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß √âÕ¬≈–¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à®–
≈¥≈ß∑ÿ° Ê ‡ß◊ÕË π‰¢°“√∑¥≈Õß (√âÕ¬≈–
Ò.˜ ± .ˆ, Ò.¯ ± .ˆ ·≈– Ò.Ù ± .ˆ)
´÷ËßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·ÀâߢÕ߉ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥
¬‘Ë߉¡à¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ°“√≈¥≈ߢÕß√âÕ¬≈–
¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à ‡¡◊ËÕπ”¢â“«∑’ËÀÿß ÿ°·≈⫉ª
∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡·¢Áß (hardness) æ∫«à“
¢â“«∑’ËÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß®–¡’
§«“¡·¢Áß‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ‡¡◊ÕË ‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
‚¥¬¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë ºà “ π°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ∑’Ë
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡©≈’ˬ ÒÚ¯ ·≈– ÒÙ˜ Õß»“
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
‡´≈‡´’¬  ¡’§«“¡·¢Á߉¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π
(Ù¯.Ú ± .˜ N ·≈– Ù˘.Ú ± Ò.˜ N)
 à « π¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë Õ ∫·Àâ ß ∑’Ë Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘
‡©≈’ˬ ÒˆÙ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ¡’§«“¡
·¢Á߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“߇ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥ (ı¯.˘ ±
.Ú N) ¢≥–∑’Ë°“√¥Ÿ¥´—∫πÈ” (water
absorption) ¢Õߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√
Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß®–≈¥≈ß
‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°Õâ“ßÕ‘ß (Û.Û ±
.Û) ®“°°“√∑¥≈Õßπ’æÈ ∫«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
Õ∫·Àâ ß ¢Õ߉ÕπÈ” √â Õ π¬«¥¬‘Ë ß ∑’Ë  Ÿ ß ¢÷È π
‰¡à¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ°“√¥Ÿ¥´—∫πÈ” (Ú.Ù ±
.Û, Ú.Ù ± .Ò ·≈– Ú.Û ± .Ò)
º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß°“√Õ∫·Àâß
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√·™à®“°‚√ß ’¢â“«
π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å · ¥ß„πµ“√“ß
∑’Ë Ò ·≈– Ú ‚¥¬¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√
·™à ¡’ § «“¡™◊È π √â Õ ¬≈– ÛÒ.Û ± .Ù
¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬° ‡¡◊ËÕºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß
¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡©≈’ˬ
ÒÚ¯ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ‡«≈“„π°“√
Õ∫·Àâß Ù.˜ π“∑’ §«“¡™◊Èπ≈¥≈߇À≈◊Õ
√âÕ¬≈– ÚÚ.ı ± .Ù ¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬°
∂â“Õ∫·Àâß∑’ÕË ≥ ÿ À¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ ∫·Àâß ÒÙÙ Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ‡«≈“„π°“√Õ∫·Àâß Ù.˘
π“∑’ §«“¡™◊Èπ≈¥≈߇À≈◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– Ò¯.˜
± .Û ¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬° ·≈–∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
Õ∫·Àâß Òˆ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  √–¬–‡«≈“
„π°“√Õ∫·Àâß Ù.Ò π“∑’ §«“¡™◊Èπ≈¥≈ß
‡À≈◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– Ò˜.˘ ± .Û ¡“µ√∞“π
‡ªï¬° ‡¡◊ËÕπ”¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ËÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬
‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µà“ß Ê ‰ª
ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√ ’ æ∫«à“¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë
Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß¡’√âÕ¬≈–
µâπ¢â“«‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°
Õâ“ßÕ‘ß À√◊բ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ˉ¡àºà“π°“√Õ∫
·Àâß (√âÕ¬≈– ıˆ.ˆ ± Ò.Ò) ‚¥¬¢â“«
‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ËÕ∫·Àâß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡©≈’ˬ ÒÚ¯
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  „Àâ√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“« (√âÕ¬
≈– ˆÛ.ı ± .ˆ) µË”°«à“¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë
Õ∫·Àâß∑’ÕË ≥ ÿ À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÙÙ ·≈– Òˆ Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬  (√âÕ¬≈– ˆˆ.˘ ± .ˆ ·≈–
ˆ˜.˘ ± .ˆ) ∑—Èßπ’È Õ“®‡ªìπ‡æ√“–«à“
°“√‡°‘¥‡®≈“∑‘‰π´å¢Õß·ªÑß¿“¬„π‡¡≈Á¥
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ÕË ≥ ÿ À¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ ∫·Àâ߇©≈’¬Ë ÒÚ¯
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ¬—߉¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥åæÕ
§«“¡¢“«¢Õߢ⓫ “√∑’ˉ¥â
®“°¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√·™à®“°‚√ß ’
¢â“«π÷Ëß¡’§à“≈¥≈ß ‡¡◊ËÕÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”
√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
(Û˘ ± .Ú ®ÿ¥) ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ËÕ∫·Àâß
∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÙÙ ·≈– Òˆ Õß»“‡´≈-
‡´’¬  ¡’§«“¡¢“«‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π (Ú˘.Ù
± .ı ·≈– Ú¯ ± .ˆ ®ÿ¥) ‡æ√“–«à“
¢â“«∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ ÿ¥∑⓬
‰¡à · µ°µà “ ß°— π ¡“°π— ° ´÷Ë ß Õ“®¡’ º ≈
∑”„Àâ ° “√‡°‘ ¥ ªØ‘ °‘ √‘ ¬ “ ’ πÈ” µ“≈·∫∫
‡¡≈≈“√å ¥ „°≈â ‡ §’ ¬ ß°— π ·µà § «“¡¢“«
¢â“« “√∑’ˉ¥â®“°¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ËÕ∫·Àâß
¥â«¬Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‡‘ ©≈’¬Ë ÒÚ¯ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  · ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú ·≈– Û æ∫«à“ ¢â“«∑’Ë
(ÛÚ.Ú ± .¯ ®ÿ¥) ¡’§à“ Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥‡æ√“–
«à “ Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ¢ Õ߇¡≈Á ¥ ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °µË”
¥— ß π—È π °“√‡°‘ ¥ ªØ‘ °‘ √‘ ¬ “ ’ πÈ” µ“≈®÷ ß
πâÕ¬°«à“
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√·™à®“°‚√ß ’
¢â “ «π÷Ë ß ∑’Ë ¡’ ¢â “ «∑â Õ ß‰¢à ‡ √‘Ë ¡ µâ π √â Õ ¬≈–
ı.˜ ± .ˆ ‡¡◊ËÕºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬
‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘ßË ·≈⫉¡àª√“°Ø¢â“«∑âÕß
‰¢à ‡ À≈◊ Õ Õ¬Ÿà ‡ ≈¬ · ¥ß«à “ ·ªÑ ß ¿“¬„π
‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬
368
‰ÕπÈ” √â Õ π¬«¥¬‘Ë ß ‡°‘ ¥ ‡®≈“∑‘ ‰ π´å ‰ ¥â
Õ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ∑—Èßπ’È Õ“®‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°
√–¬–‡«≈“°“√·™à¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ëπ“π°«à“
∑”„ÀâπÈ” “¡“√∂·æ√à‡¢â“ Ÿà¿“¬„π‡¡≈Á¥
¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °‰¥â ¡ “°°«à “ °√≥’ ∑’Ë · ™à Û
™—Ë«‚¡ß ∑”„Àâ°“√‡°‘¥‡®≈“∑‘‰π´å¢Õß
·ªÑß ´÷Ë߇°‘¥‰¥â¥’„π™à«ßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–
§«“¡™◊Èπ Ÿß ¡’ ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡¡“°
°«à“ §«“¡·¢ÁߢÕߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√
·™à®“°‚√ß ’¢â“«π÷Ëß∑’ËÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”
√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß®–¡’§à“‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫
¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß ·≈–§«“¡·¢ÁߢÕߢ⓫®–
‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π µ“¡Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ Õ ∫·Àâ ß ∑’Ë  Ÿ ß ¢÷È π
´÷Ëßµ√ߢⓡ°—∫§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥´—∫πÈ”¢Õߢ⓫
∑’ËÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß®–≈¥≈ß
·≈–≈¥≈ßµ“¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√Õ∫·Àâß∑’Ë Ÿß
¢÷Èπ
Û.Û  ¡∫— µ‘ § «“¡Àπ◊ ¥ ¢Õß
·ªÑß (pasting properties)
‡¡◊ËÕπ”¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°À≈—ß°“√
·™à (¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß) ·≈–¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π
°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ßµâ π ·∫∫ø≈Ÿ -
Õ‘ ‰ ¥´å ‡ ∫¥¥â « ¬‰ÕπÈ” √â Õ π¬«¥¬‘Ë ß ‰ª
∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘§«“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õß·ªÑß ¥—ß
ºà“π°“√·™à Û ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈–ºà“π°“√Õ∫
·Àâß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µà“ß Ê „Àâ§à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥
 Ÿß ÿ¥ (peak viscosity) §à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥
 ÿ¥∑⓬ (final viscosity) µË”°«à“¢â“«Õâ“ß
Õ‘ ß ·≈–¡’·π«‚πâ¡≈¥≈ßµ“¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
°“√Õ∫·Àâß∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫¢â“«
π÷Ë ß ∑’Ë Õ ∫·Àâ ß ¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ßµâ π ·∫∫ø≈Ÿ -
Õ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß°—∫¢â“«
π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å (parboiled
rice) æ∫«à“ ¢â“«π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å
°“√æ—≤𓇧√◊ËÕßµâπ·∫∫Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫π÷Ëß
·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥‚¥¬„™â‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß

¡’§à“ peak viscosity  Ÿß°«à“¢â“«∑’˺à“π
°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ßµâ π ·∫∫ ∑ÿ °
‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢°“√Õ∫·Àâß · ¥ß«à“¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°
∑’Ë ºà “ π°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ßµâ π ·∫∫
¡’ ° “√‡°‘ ¥ ‡®≈“∑‘ ‰ π´å ¡ “°°«à “ ¢â “ «∑’Ë
º≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫
ß“π«‘®—¬¢Õß πÈ”Ωπ »’µ–®‘µµå ·≈–Õ√
Õπߧå 𗬫‘°ÿ≈˘ ‚¥¬°“√‡°‘¥‡®≈“∑‘‰π
‡´™—π¥Ÿ‰¥â®“°§à“¢Õߧ«“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß ÿ¥
(peak viscosity) °≈à“«§◊Õ ¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
¡’§à“ peak viscosity  Ÿß ‡æ√“–«à“‡¡Á¥
·ªÑß¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√¥Ÿ¥´—∫πÈ”‰¥â
ª√‘¡“≥¡“°°«à“¢â“«∑’˺à“π°√–∫«π°“√
Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß ∑”„À⇡Á¥
·ªÑ ß ‡°‘ ¥ °“√æÕßµ— « ¡“°¢÷È π ‡ªì π º≈
∑”„Àâ·ªÑß¡’§à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß  à«π¢â“«
ºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß
‡¡◊Ë Õ ‰¥â √— ∫ §«“¡√â Õ π‡¡Á ¥ ·ªÑ ß ∑’Ë ∂Ÿ ° πÈ”
®–æÕßµ—«·≈–∂Ÿ°∑”„Àâ ÿ° ·≈–∑”„Àâ
‚ª√µ’ π ·µ°µ— « ·≈–·∑√°‡¢â “ ‰ªÕ¬Ÿà
¿“¬„π™àÕß«à“ß√–À«à“߇¡Á¥·ªÑß ´÷Ëß¡’
º≈∑”„Àâ¢â“«¡’°“√‡°“–µ—«°—π·πàπ·≈–
¡’ § «“¡·¢Á ß ¡“°¢÷È π ‡¡◊ËÕ π”‰ª«—¥ §à “
§«“¡Àπ◊¥ ®÷ß∑”„À⧫“¡ “¡“√∂„π
°“√¥Ÿ ¥ ´— ∫ πÈ” ¢Õ߇¡Á ¥ ·ªÑ ß ≈¥≈ß ´÷Ë ß
 Õ¥§≈â Õ ß°— ∫ §à “ °“√¥Ÿ ¥ ´— ∫ πÈ” ≈¥≈ß
„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ·≈– Ú π—Èπ· ¥ß«à“¢â“«
∑’ËÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ë߉¥âºà“π
°“√‡°‘¥‡®≈“∑‘‰π´å¡“·≈â« ´÷Ëß∑”„À⇡Á¥
·ªÑßæÕßµ—«‰¥âπâÕ¬≈ߥ⫬ ·≈–§à“ peak
viscosity ®–≈¥≈߇¡◊ËÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß
 Ÿß¢÷Èπ  ”À√—∫§à“ final viscosity · ¥ß
∂÷ß ¡∫—µ‘§«“¡·¢Áß°√–¥â“ߢÕߢ⓫ ÿ°
°≈à“«§◊բ⓫∑’Ë¡’§à“ final viscosity µË”
®–¡’§«“¡·¢Áß°√–¥â“ß¡“°¢÷Èπ ®“°º≈
«∑—≠êŸ √Õ¥ª√–æ—≤πå ·≈–§≥–
°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“¢â“«∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß
∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß„Àâ§à“ final viscosity µË”
°«à “ ¢â “ «∑’Ë ºà “ π°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ∑’Ë Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘
µË”·≈–∑’ˉ¡àºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß µ“¡≈”¥—∫
¥—ßπ—Èπ · ¥ß«à“¢â“«∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß
¥â « ¬‰ÕπÈ” √â Õ π¬«¥¬‘Ë ß ¡’ § «“¡·¢Á ß
°√–¥â“ß¡“°°«à“¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß ·≈–¢â“«π÷Ëß
∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å
Û.Ù ‚§√ß √â “ ß√–¥— ∫ ®ÿ ≈ ¿“§
(micro-structure)
≈—°…≥–‚§√ß √â“ß¿“¬„π
‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«∑’Ë¥Ÿ¥â«¬°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πå·∫∫
 àÕß°√“¥¢Õߢ⓫Õâ“ßՑ߬—ß¡’‡¡Á¥·ªÑß
‡ªìπ à«π„À≠à ®– —߇°µ‡ÀÁπº≈÷°¢Õß
‡¡Á¥·ªÑ߇À≈◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà®”π«π¡“° (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù °)
‡¡◊Ëբ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°ºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”
√âÕ𬫥¬‘ßË ∑’ÕË ≥ ÿ À¿Ÿ¡‡‘ ©≈’¬Ë ÒÚ¯, ÒÙ˜
·≈– ÒˆÙ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù ¢,
Ù § ·≈– Ù ß) ‡¡Á¥·ªÑß®–‡°‘¥°“√
‡®≈“∑‘‰π´å∑”„À₧√ß √â“߇ª≈’ˬπ‰ª
‡ªìπ‡®≈ º≈÷°∑’ˇ§¬¡Õ߇ÀÁπ®“°¢â“«
Õâ“ßÕ‘ß®÷ß°≈“¬‡ªìπæ◊Èπº‘«‡√’¬∫ ´÷Ëߺ≈
¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥‡®≈π’ȇªì𠓇Àµÿ¢Õß°“√
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õß√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«·≈–°“√≈¥
≈ߢÕß√âÕ¬≈–¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à‰¥â‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫
°—∫¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
‡¡◊ÕË æ‘®“√≥“‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß
¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß∑’˺à“π°“√·™à®“°‚√ß ’¢â“«
π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å (√Ÿª∑’Ë ı °)
æ∫«à“‚§√ß √â“ߢÕߢ⓫‡¡Á¥·ªÑ߇À≈◊Õ
Õ¬ŸàπâÕ¬ · ¥ß«à“‡¡Á¥·ªÑß¿“¬„π‡¡≈Á¥
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ° à«π„À≠à‰¥â‡°‘¥°“√‡®≈“-
∑‘ ‰ π´å ® “°°“√·™à ‡¡◊Ë Õ π”¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °
¥—ß°≈à“«‰ªÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥
¬‘Ëß ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡©≈’ˬ ÒÚ¯, ÒÙÙ ·≈–
369
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
Òˆ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  (√Ÿª∑’Ë ı ¢, ı §
·≈– ı ß) ®÷߉¡àª√“°Ø‚§√ß √â“ߺ≈÷°
¢Õ߇¡Á¥·ªÑ߇À≈◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫
º≈¢Õß√âÕ¬≈–¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à∑’ˉ¡àæ∫‡≈¬
‡¡◊ËÕπ”¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√·™à®“°‚√ß
 ’ ¢â “ «π÷Ë ß ∑’Ë º ≈‘ µ „π‡™‘ ß æ“≥‘ ™ ¬å ‰ ªÕ∫
·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëßπ—Èπ· ¥ß«à“
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ºË “à π°“√·™à®“°‚√ß ’¢“â «π÷ßË
(∑’ÕË ≥ÿ À¿Ÿ¡π‘ È”‡©≈’¬Ë ˜ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ 
‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ˜-¯ ™—Ë«‚¡ß) ¡’°“√‡°‘¥‡®≈
∑’Ë   ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å ¡ “°°«à “ ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë ºà “ π
°“√·™à∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘πÈ”‡√‘Ë¡µâπ ¯ Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬  √–¬–‡«≈“π“π Û ™—Ë«‚¡ß
‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫‚§√ß √â“ß
¢â“«π÷Ëß∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕßµâπ
·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‰‘ ¥´å‡∫¥¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘ßË
°—∫¢â“«π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å Ú ‚√ß
(¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ ° ·≈– ˆ ¢) æ∫«à“¢â“«∑’Ë
ºà “ π°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ßµâ π ·∫∫π’È
¡’ ≈— ° …≥–§≈â “ ¬¢â “ «π÷Ë ß ∑’Ë º ≈‘ µ „π‡™‘ ß
æ“≥‘™¬å
Û.ı √–∫∫°“√º≈‘ µ ¢â “ «π÷Ë ß ∑’Ë
º≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å∑„’Ë ™âÕ¬Ÿ„à πªí®®ÿ∫π—
®“°°“√æ‘®“√≥“√–∫∫°“√
º≈‘µ¢â“«π÷Ëß∑’Ë º ≈‘ µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å ∑’Ë„ ™â
Õ¬Ÿ„à πªí®®ÿ∫π— ¢π“¥°”≈—ߺ≈‘µ Ú µ—π
µà Õ «— π (¥Ÿ √Ÿ ª ∑’Ë ˜ ª√–°Õ∫) ´÷Ë ß ¡’
¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√∑”ß“π §◊Õ¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√·™à
(soaking) π”¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °π“ªï æ— π ∏ÿå
æ≈“¬ß“¡ §«“¡™◊È π √â Õ ¬≈– Ò˜.˘
¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬° ·™àπÈ”‡√‘Ë¡µâπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
˜ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥
˜-¯ ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈â«®÷ß√–∫“¬πÈ”∑’Ë·™àÕÕ°
À≈—ß®“°π—Èπª≈àÕ¬∑‘È߉«â (tempering)
ª√–¡“≥ Ò ™—Ë«‚¡ß æ∫«à “ §«“¡™◊È π
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÚ.ˆ
¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬° °àÕπ®–≈”‡≈’¬ß‡¢â“ Ÿà
¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√π÷Ëß (steaming) ´÷Ëß„™â‰ÕπÈ”
Õ‘Ë¡µ—«‡ªìπµ—«°≈“ß„π°“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ
(·∫∫µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß) ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ Òı
π“∑’ ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√π÷Ëß
¡“¡’∫“ß à«π‡°‘¥°“√ª√‘·µ°‡π◊ËÕß®“°
°“√æÕß·≈–¢¬“¬µ—«¢Õ߇¡Á¥·ªÑß¡“°
‡°‘π‰ª ¥—ßπ—Èπ °àÕπ°“√Õ∫·Àâß®÷ßµâÕß
‡ªÉ “ ¥â « ¬≈¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ Àÿ ∫ ‡ª≈◊ Õ °
°àÕπ ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π‰¡à„ÀâΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕßÀ√◊Õ
≈¡√â Õ π∑’Ë ‰ ¡à   –Õ“¥‡¢â “ ‰ª — ¡ º—   °— ∫
‡π◊Èբ⓫ “√‚¥¬µ√ß À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ¢â“«
‡ª≈◊ Õ °®–‡¢â “  Ÿà ¢—È π µÕπ°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß
(drying) ¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ßÕ∫·Àâ ß ·∫∫
ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥´å ‡ ∫¥‚¥¬„™â Õ “°“»√â Õ π∑’Ë
Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ÒÛı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡æ◊Ë Õ
≈¥§«“¡™◊Èπ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°≈߇À≈◊Õ√âÕ¬≈–
Ú¯.ı ¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬° °àÕπ𔉪‡°Á∫
„π∑’ÕË ∫— Õ“°“»·≈–‡ªÉ“¥â«¬≈¡∏√√¡™“µ‘
„Àâ §«“¡™◊Èπ≈¥≈߇À≈◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– ÚÙ.Ú
¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬° ·≈â«®÷ßπ”¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°‰ª
Õ∫·Àâßµàե⫬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâßø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å-
‡∫¥µ—«∑’Ë Ú ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß ÒÒ¯
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’ ¬   ‡æ◊Ë Õ ≈¥§«“¡™◊È π ≈ß
‡À≈◊ Õ √â Õ ¬≈– ÚÒ.Ù ¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬ °
À≈—ß®“°π—Èππ”¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°‰ª‡°Á∫„π∑’Ë
Õ—∫Õ“°“»·≈–‡ªÉ“¥â«¬≈¡∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ’°
§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß„À⧫“¡™◊Èπ≈¥≈߇À≈◊Õ√âÕ¬≈–
Ò¯.Ù ¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬° ·≈â«®÷ß𔉪Õ∫
·Àâߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâß·∫∫ LSU ∑’Ë
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß ÒÚ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥´å ‡ ∫¥¥â « ¬‰ÕπÈ” √â Õ π¬«¥¬‘Ë ß
„Àâ § «“¡™◊È π ≈¥≈߇À≈◊ Õ √â Õ¬≈– ÒÚ.Ù
¡“µ√∞“πªï¬° ·≈â«®÷ß𔉪‡°Á∫‰«â‡æ◊ËÕ
√Õ°“√ ’µàÕ‰ª
®–‡ÀÁ π ‰¥â «à “ °“√º≈‘ µ ¢â “ «
π÷Ë ß ¡’ À ≈“¬¢—È π µÕπ·≈–„™â ‡ §√◊Ë Õ ß®— ° √
®”π«π¡“° ∑”„Àâ√–¬–‡«≈“∑’Ë„™â„π°“√
º≈‘ µ π“π  à ß º≈µà Õ µâ π ∑ÿ π ∑’Ë „ ™â „ π°“√
º≈‘µ¢â“«π÷Ëß Ÿßµ“¡‰ª¥â«¬ ¢≥–∑’Ë°“√
Õ∫·Àâ ß ¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ßÕ∫·Àâ ß µâ π ·∫∫
ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥´å ‡ ∫¥¥â « ¬‰ÕπÈ” √â Õ π¬«¥¬‘Ë ß
(·∫∫µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß)  “¡“√∂√«¡°“√π÷Ëß
·≈–Õ∫·Àâ ß ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °‰«â „ π¢—È π µÕπ
‡¥’ ¬ «°— π ‰¥â ‚¥¬∑’Ë ‡ §√◊Ë Õ ßÕ∫·Àâ ß ·∫∫
„À¡àπ’È “¡“√∂≈¥§«“¡™◊Èπ®“°√âÕ¬≈–
ÛÒ-ÛÚ ¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬° ‡À≈◊Õ§«“¡™◊πÈ
√âÕ¬≈– Ò¯-Ò˘ ¡“µ√∞“π‡ªï¬° ¢≥–
∑’Ë §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¢â “ « “√Õ¬Ÿà „ π‡°≥±å ¥’ ¡ “°
‡¡◊ÕË ‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢â“«π÷ßË ∑’ºË ≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å
¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√𔇧√◊ËÕßµâπ·∫∫π’È¡“ª√—∫
„™â °— ∫ √–∫∫°“√º≈‘ µ ¢â “ «π÷Ë ß ∑’Ë º ≈‘ µ „π
‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ®– “¡“√∂≈¥
¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«π÷Ëß·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√
≈ß („π°√Õ∫‡ âπª√–„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜) §◊Õ
¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√π÷Ëß °“√Àÿ∫‡ª≈◊Õ° °“√Õ∫
·Àâߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕßø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥ °“√‡°Á∫
„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»·≈–°“√‡ªÉ“¥â«¬Õ“°“»
·«¥≈â Õ ¡ ·≈–≈¥‡§√◊Ë Õ ßÕ∫·Àâ ß ·∫∫
ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥‚¥¬„™âÕ“°“»√âÕπ‰¥â Ú
‡§√◊ËÕß ‡µ“‡º“·°≈∫·∫∫‰´‚§≈π Ò
‡§√◊ËÕß ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ “¡“√∂≈¥µâπ∑ÿπ
„π°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«π÷Ëß≈߉¥â¡“° √«¡∑—È ß
 “¡“√∂≈¥‡«≈“„π°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«π÷Ëß≈ß
‰¥âÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ Û-Ù ™—Ë«‚¡ß √–∫∫°“√
º≈‘µ¢â“«π÷Ëß·∫∫„À¡à„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâß
(√Ÿ ª ∑’Ë ¯) ¡’ ¢—È π µÕπ°“√º≈‘ µ ¢â “ «π÷Ë ß
·∫∫„À¡à §◊Õ °“√·™à °“√Õ∫·Àâß·∫∫
ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥´å ‡ ∫¥¥â « ¬‰ÕπÈ” √â Õ π¬«¥¬‘Ë ß
370
°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»·≈–‡ªÉ“¥â«¬≈¡
∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈–°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕß
Õ∫·Àâß·∫∫ LSU ´÷Ëߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π
°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß „π¢—È π µÕπ ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬π’È ® –¡’
§«“¡™◊Èπ‡À¡“– ¡·°à°“√·ª√√Ÿª·≈–
‡°Á∫√—°…“æÕ¥’
Ù.  √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß
®“°°“√∑¥ Õ∫Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°
‚¥¬„™â‡§√◊ÕË ßÕ∫·Àâßµâπ·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‰‘ ¥´å‡∫¥
¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘ßË ¢π“¥°”≈—ߺ≈‘µ
Ò °‘‚≈°√—¡µàÕ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‚¥¬„™â¢â“«
‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ºË “à π°“√·™àπÈ”∑’ÕË ≥ ÿ À¿Ÿ¡‡‘ √‘¡Ë µâπ
¯ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Û ™—Ë«‚¡ß
·≈–¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë ºà “ π°“√·™à „ π‚√ß ’
¢â“«π÷ßË ´÷ßË „™âÕ≥ ÿ À¿Ÿ¡„‘ π°“√·™àµË”°«à“
(ª√–¡“≥ ˜ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ) ·µà„™â
‡«≈“„π°“√·™àπ“π (ª√–¡“≥ ˜-¯
™—Ë«‚¡ß) æ∫«à“ ‚§√ß √â“ߢÕ߇¡Á¥·ªÑß
¿“¬„π‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√·™à
πÈ”Õÿàπ Û ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‡°‘¥°“√‡®≈“∑‘‰π´å‰¥â
πâÕ¬°«à“¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√·™à®“°
‚√ß ’¢â“«π÷Ëß ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ𔉪Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬
‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘ßË ∑’ÕË ≥ ÿ À¿Ÿ¡‡‘ ©≈’¬Ë ÒÚ¯-
ÒˆÙ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ·≈–§«“¡ Ÿß¢Õß
‡∫¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ° ¯ ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ §«“¡‡√Á«
¢Õ߉ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß Û.¯ ‡¡µ√µàÕ
«‘π“∑’ ‡«≈“„π°“√Õ∫·Àâß (residence
time) Ù.Ò-Ù.˘ π“∑’ æ∫«à“§«“¡™◊Èπ
¢Õߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°®–≈¥≈ßµ“¡Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘
Õ∫·Àâ ß ∑’Ë ‡ æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡∑’ ¬ ∫°— ∫ ¢â “ «
Õâ“ßÕ‘ß√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ·≈–®–
¡’ √â Õ ¬≈–µâ π ¢â “ «≈¥≈߇¡◊Ë Õ §«“¡™◊È π
 ÿ¥∑⓬µË”°«à“√âÕ¬≈– Ò˜ ¡“µ√∞“π
‡ªï¬° §«“¡¢“«¢Õߢ⓫ “√®–≈¥≈ß
°“√æ—≤𓇧√◊ËÕßµâπ·∫∫Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫π÷Ëß
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ı. °‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»
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 π—∫ πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬  ∂“∫—π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
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¢Õߢ⓫ »Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬¢â“«ª∑ÿ¡∏“π’„À⧫“¡
Õπÿ ‡ §√“–Àå „ π°“√∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡¢“«
∫√‘…—∑‰√â´å ‡ÕÁ𮑇π’¬√‘Ëß ´—ææ≈“¬ ®”°—¥
„À⧫“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ‡√◊ËÕß§à“„™â®à“¬·≈–
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§â π §«â “ ·≈–æ— ≤ π“º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å Õ “À“√
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‡§√◊Ë Õ ß«— ¥ §«“¡Àπ◊ ¥ (RVA) °≈â Õ ß
Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ·∫∫ àÕß°√“¥ (SEM) ‚√ß ’
¢â“«‡µ’¬„®âŒß ‚√ß ’¢â“«π§√À≈«ß ·≈–
‚√ß ’¢â“«∑ÕßÕπ—πµå „À⧫“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ
„π¥â “ π¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë ºà “ π°“√·™à · ≈â «
·≈–„Àâ § «“¡√Ÿâ · ≈–§”·π–π”∑’Ë ‡ ªì π
ª√–‚¬™π嬑Ë߇°’ˬ«°—∫°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«π÷Ëß
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µ—È ß ‡§√◊Ë Õ ßÕ∫·Àâ ß µâ π ·∫∫Õ∫·Àâ ß ¢â “ «
π÷Ëß·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥‚¥¬„™â‰ÕπÈ”√âÕπ
¬«¥¬‘Ëß
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
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S. Effect of Drying on Rice Yield Using
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ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
1999; 17 (1&2) : 345-353.
2. Taechapairoj C, Dhuchakallaya I, Sopon-
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3. Rordprapat W, Soponronarit S, Natha-
karanakule A, Tia W. Comparative Study
of Fluidized Bed Paddy Drying Using Hot
Air and Superheated Steam. Proceeding of
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and Drying Media on Qualities of Paddy
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6. Sabularse V C, Luizzo JA, Rao RM, Groder
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Bangkok Thailand, 2002; 453-466.
9. πÈ” Ωπ »’µ–®‘µµå ·≈–Õ√Õπߧå π— ¬ «‘ °ÿ ≈ .
°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«π÷ßË √–¥—∫ÀâÕߪؑ∫µ— °‘ “√.
°“√ª√–™ÿ¡«‘™“°“√¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å
§ √—È ß ∑’Ë ÙÒ ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å
«‘∑¬“‡¢µ∫“߇¢π. ÚıÙˆ; Ûˆ-ÙÙ.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò §ÿ≥¿“æ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë·™à¥â«¬Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘πÈ”‡√‘Ë¡µâπ ¯ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Û ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈–¢â“«∑’ËÕ∫·Àâß

¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µà“ß Ê

Drying Moisture Head rice White belly Hardness Water

Conditions content yield Whiteness (%) (N) absorption
(% w.b.) (%) (g water/g rice)
After soaking 28.7 ± 0.6a 53.7 ± 1.6a 42.2 ± 0.6a 5.4 ± 1.3a 36.0 ± 0.9a 3.29 ± 0.03a
128 oC 18.8 ± 0.6b 65.9 ± 1.0b 36.1 ± 0.3b 1.7 ± 0.6b 48.2 ± 0.9b 2.43 ± 0.03b
147 oC 17.9 ± 0.7b 66.8 ± 0.6b 33.8 ± 0.7c 1.8 ± 0.6b 49.2 ± 1.7b 2.35 ± 0.10b
164 oC 15.0 ± 0.6c 59.0 ± 2.5c 29.8 ± 0.8d 1.4 ± 0.6b 58.9 ± 0.2c 2.34 ± 0.05b

Note : The same letter at the same column indicated no significant difference in value at p < 0.05

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú §ÿ≥¿“æ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë·™à®“°‚√ß ’¢â“«π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å ·≈–¢â“«∑’ËÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß∑’Ë

Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µà“ß Ê

Drying Moisture Head rice White belly Hardness Water

Conditions content yield Whiteness (%) (N) absorption
(% w.b.) (%) (g water/g rice)
After soaking 31.3 ± 0.4a 56.6 ± 1.1a 39.0 ± 0.2a 5.7 ± 0.6a 37.9 ± 1.3a 3.51 ± 0.07a
128 oC 22.5 ± 0.4b 63.5 ± 0.6b 32.2 ± 0.8b 0b 48.6 ± 0.9b 2.82 ± 0.05b
144 oC 18.7 ± 0.3c 66.9 ± 0.6c 29.4 ± 0.5c 0b 51.9 ± 0.6c 2.19 ± 0.01c
160 oC 17.9 ± 0.3d 67.9 ± 0.6c 28.0 ± 0.6c 0b 55.0 ± 1.3d 1.99 ± 0.05d

Note : The same letter at the same column indicated no significant difference in value at p < 0.05

°“√æ—≤𓇧√◊ËÕßµâπ·∫∫Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫π÷Ëß
·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥‚¥¬„™â‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß
372
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

1 Boiler 2 Superheater 3 Blower 4 Drying chamber 5 Cyclone 6 Rotary valve

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò  à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß√–∫∫Õ∫·Àâß·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥‚¥¬„™â‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú §«“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫ ·™à∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘πÈ”‡√‘Ë¡µâπ ¯ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Û ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈–¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ËÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß

∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µà“ß Ê

«∑—≠êŸ √Õ¥ª√–æ—≤πå ·≈–§≥–

373
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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

√Ÿª∑’Ë Û §«“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫∑’Ë·™à®“°‚√ß ’¢â“«π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å ·≈–¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ËÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µà“ß Ê

°) ¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß (°àÕπ°“√Õ∫·Àâß) ¢) Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß ÒÚ¯ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ 

°“√æ—≤𓇧√◊ËÕßµâπ·∫∫Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫π÷Ëß
·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥‚¥¬„™â‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß
374
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

§) Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß ÒÙ˜ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ß) Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß ÒˆÙ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ 

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù ‚§√ß √â“ߢÕߢ⓫·™à∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘πÈ”‡√‘Ë¡µâπ ¯ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Û ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈–¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕπ

¬«¥¬‘Ëß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µà“ß Ê

°) ¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß (°àÕπ°“√Õ∫·Àâß) ¢) Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß ÒÚ¯ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ 

«∑—≠êŸ √Õ¥ª√–æ—≤πå ·≈–§≥–

375
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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

§) Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß ÒÙÙ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ß) Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß Òˆ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ 

√Ÿª∑’Ë ı ‚§√ß √â“ߢÕߢ⓫∑’Ë·™à®“°‚√ß ’¢â“«π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å ·≈–¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’ËÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µà“ß Ê

°) ¢â“«π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å (‚√ß∑’Ë Ò) ¢) ¢â“«π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å (‚√ß∑’Ë Ú)

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ ‚§√ß √â“ߢÕߢ⓫π÷Ëß∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å¢Õß‚√ß ’¢â“«π÷Ëß Ú ‚√ß

°“√æ—≤𓇧√◊ËÕßµâπ·∫∫Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫π÷Ëß
·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥‚¥¬„™â‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß
376
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

1 Soaking tank 2 Steamer 3 Ambient air ventilation 4 Fluidized bed dryer

5 Tempering and air ventilation 6 LUS dryer 7 Storage bin

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ √–∫∫°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«π÷ËߢÕß‚√ß ’∑’˺≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å∑’Ë„™âÕ¬Ÿà„πªí®®ÿ∫—π

1 Soaking tank 2 Superheated steam fluidized bed dryer

3 Tempering and air ventilation 4 LUS dryer 5 Storage bin

√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ √–∫∫°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«π÷Ëß·∫∫„À¡à∑’Ë„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâßø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß∑’Ë𔇠πÕ

«∑—≠êŸ √Õ¥ª√–æ—≤πå ·≈–§≥–

377
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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

Abstract Development of a Superheated-steam-fluidized-bed Dryer for Parboiled Rice

Wathanyoo Rordprapat
Adisak Nathakaranakule
Warunee Tia
Somchart Soponronnarit
Fellow of the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Thailand

Due to possessing a large number of componential machines and long operating time, the present
procedure for producing parboiled rice requires much investment and operating costs. This research is
therefore aimed at developing a 100 kg/h prototype for fluidized bed paddy drying using superheated
steam. The experiments were set up by pre-soaking paddy in hot water with the initial temperatures of
o
80 and 70 C for 3 and 4 hours to obtain the moisture contents of 28.7 and 31.7% w.b. respectively. The
o
paddy was then dried at the temperatures in the range 128 - 164 C, with the bed height of 8 cm, the super-
ficial velocity of 3.8 m/s, and the residence times of 4 - 5 minutes. After drying, the moisture contents
were reduced to 17.9 - 22.8% w.b. and the finished rice was characterized as parboiled rice. When com-
pared to the reference rice, the head rice yield was higher while rice whiteness was lower and decreased
with increasing temperature. For pasting properties, peak and final viscosities were lower than those of
the reference rice. With the above mentioned process, decreased moisture content and a gelatinized paddy
starch simultaneously occurs. Consequently, steaming and drying processes can be merged into a single
stage; resulting in the reduced investment cost and operating time when compared with the production
system of the commercial parboiled rice.

Key words : soaking, parboiled rice, gelatinization, fluidization, physical properties, superheated steam

°“√æ—≤𓇧√◊ËÕßµâπ·∫∫Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫π÷Ëß
·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥‚¥¬„™â‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß
378
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π„™â·≈â« Õ√“¥“ «ß»å»ÿ¿≈—°…≥å*

 ¡»—°¥‘Ï ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘»
‚¥¬„™âµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“°√¥ √“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“™π‘¥°√¥ Û ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à ´’‚Õ‰≈µå™π‘¥ HZSM-5, ‡À≈Á°∫π∂à“π°—¡¡—πµå ·≈– Co-Mo ∫π Al2O3
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Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ûı-Ù Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡«≈“∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ˆ-Ò¯ π“∑’ §«“¡¥—π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‡√‘Ë¡µâπ Ò-ı ∫“√å ª√‘¡“≥
¢Õßµ—«‡√àß∑’Ë„™âº ¡¡’¥—ßπ’È HZSM-5 .Ò „™â Ò. ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° ‡À≈Á°∫π∂à“π°—¡¡—πµå·≈– Co-Mo/Al2O3
Ò-ı ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° ‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥âº≈‘µ¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π·≈–Õߧåª√–°Õ∫∑’Ë¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‚¥¬‰¥âÕÕ°·∫∫°“√∑¥≈Õ߇ªìπ·∫∫
·ø°∑Õ‡√’¬≈ Õß√–¥—∫
º≈®“°°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡¢Õß°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π„™â·≈⫥⫬µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ HZSM-5
§◊Õ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Û˜ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡«≈“∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ˘ π“∑’ §«“¡¥—π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π Ò ∫“√å ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“
.Ò ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° ‰¥âº≈‘µ¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π√âÕ¬≈– ¯¯.Û ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬·°‚´≈’𠇧‚√´’π ·°ä ÕÕ¬≈å‡∫“
·°ä ÕÕ¬≈å ·≈–°“°πÈ”¡—π‡∫“ √âÕ¬≈– Ú¯, Û, Ù, Û ·≈– Úˆ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡¢Õß°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘-
 ‰µ√’π„™â·≈⫥⫬µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“‡À≈Á°∫π∂à“π°—¡¡—πµå §◊Õ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Û˜ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡«≈“∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ÒÚ π“∑’
§«“¡¥—π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π Ò ∫“√å ·≈–µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ ı ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° ‰¥âº≈‘µ¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π√âÕ¬≈– ¯¯.˜ ª√–°Õ∫
¥â«¬·°‚´≈’𠇧‚√´’π ·°ä ÕÕ¬≈å‡∫“ ·°ä ÕÕ¬≈å ·≈–°“°πÈ”¡—π‡∫“ √âÕ¬≈– ÚÙ, Ò, Ùı, Ú ·≈– Ú¯ µ“¡≈”¥—∫
 à«π¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡¢Õß°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π„™â·≈â«∫πµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ Co-Mo/Al2O3 §◊Õ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Û˜ Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡«≈“∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ˘ π“∑’ §«“¡¥—π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π Ò ∫“√å ·≈–µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ ı ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—°
‰¥âº≈‘µ¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π√âÕ¬≈– ˘Ò.Ú ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬·°‚´≈’π ·°ä ÕÕ¬≈å‡∫“ ·°ä ÕÕ¬≈å ·≈–°“°πÈ”¡—π‡∫“ √âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ,
Ù, Ò ·≈– Úˆ µ“¡≈”¥—∫

§” ”§—≠ : µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“, °“√·µ°µ—«, æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π, HZSM-5, Co-Mo/Al2O3

∫∑π” √âÕ¬≈– ˘.˘ ·≈–‡ªìπæÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π√âÕ¬ „Àâ¬Õà ¬ ≈“¬¬“°Ú-ı °“√π”¢¬–æ≈“ µ‘°

°“√°”®— ¥ æ≈“ µ‘ ° ∑’Ë „ ™â · ≈â « π—È π
‡ªìπªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’∑Ë «—Ë ‚≈°„À⧫“¡
 ”§— ≠ ¡“° ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°æ≈“ µ‘ ° π—È π
‰¡à   “¡“∂¬à Õ ¬ ≈“¬‰¥â ∑ “ß™’ « ¿“æ
æ≈“ µ‘°∑’Ë„™â·≈â«∑—Ë«‚≈°¡’ª√‘¡“≥∂÷ß
≈– ÒÚ Ò æ≈“ µ‘ °  “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ— «
‡Õ߉¥â·µàµâÕß„™â‡«≈“π“π¡“° °“√‡µ‘¡
 “√‡µ‘ ¡ ·µà ß ‚¥¬‡©æ“– “√∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ
æ≈“ µ‘°‡ ∂’¬√·≈–„ àº ¡√–À«à“ß°“√
º≈‘µæ≈“ µ‘°°Á‡ªìπÕ’° “‡ÀµÿÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë∑”
¡“Ωíß°≈∫®÷߉¡à‡À¡“– ¡ πÕ°®“°π’È
°“√Ωíß°≈∫π—ÈπµâÕß°“√æ◊Èπ∑’˧àÕπ¢â“ß
¡“°Õ’°¥â«¬ °“√‡º“∑‘È߇ªìπÕ’°«‘∏’Àπ÷Ëß
∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ¿“«–¡≈æ‘ … ∑“ßÕ“°“»
¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√·ª√„™â„À¡àÀ√◊Õ°“√√’‰´‡§‘≈

* «‘»«°√‚√ßß“π ∫√‘…—∑¡‘µ´ÿ¬‰Œ¬’π ®”°—¥ ®—ßÀ«—¥√–¬Õß

Õ√“¥“ «ß»å»ÿ¿≈—°…≥å,  ¡»—°¥‘Ï ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘»

379
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
(recycle) ®÷ßπ—∫«à“‡ªìπ«‘∏’∑’Ë®– “¡“√∂
°”®—¥ªí≠À“¥—ß°≈à“« Õ’°∑—È߬—ߪ√–À¬—¥
§à“„™â®à“¬·≈–≈¥ª√‘¡“≥æ≈“ µ‘°∑’Ë„™â
·≈⫉¥â¥â«¬
ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¡’ «‘ ∏’ √’ ‰ ´‡§‘ ≈ æ≈“ µ‘ ° ∑’Ë
„™â·≈â« °√≥’¢ÕßæÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’ππ—Èπ‰¥â¡’
°“√𔉪À≈Õ¡·≈â«¢÷Èπ√Ÿª„À¡à À√◊Õ
·ª√ ¿“懪ìππÈ”¡—π‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ßÀ√◊Õ “√
∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“∑“߇»√…∞°‘®ˆ ‚¥¬æ≈—ßß“π
À√◊Õº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√·ª√ ¿“æ
¬—ß “¡“√∂π”¡“„™â‡ªìπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ßÀ√◊Õ
«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ªî‚µ√‡§¡’ √«¡
∑—È ß „™â ‡ ªì π µ— « ∑”≈–≈“¬À√◊ Õ  “√‡æ‘Ë ¡
§à“ÕÕ°‡∑π„ππÈ”¡—π·°‚´≈’π‰¥âÕ’°∑“ß
Àπ÷Ë ß ‡ªì π °“√≈¥ª√‘ ¡ “≥°“√π”‡¢â “
 “√‡§¡’¥—ß°≈à“«®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑» «‘ ∏’ π’È
æ≈“ µ‘°∑’Ë„™â·≈â«®–∂Ÿ°·ª√ ¿“æ‚¥¬
„™â§«“¡√âÕπ (thermal degradation)˜
À√◊Õ„™âµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ (catalytic de-
gradation)ı,˜ „À⇪ìπ·°ä À√◊ÕπÈ”¡—π´÷Ëß
 “¡“√∂π”¡“„™â „ π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘ µ
‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ßÀ√◊Õ “√‡§¡’ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
°“√·ª√ ¿“æ¥â«¬§«“¡√âÕπ¢ÕßæÕ≈‘-
‚Õ‡≈øîπ®”π«π¡“°®–„Àâº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë
ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬§“√å ∫ ÕπÕ–µÕ¡„π™à « ß
CH2=CH
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“°“√‡°‘¥æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å¢Õß ‰µ√’π‡ªìπæÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’πÛ
°«â“ß¡“° „π∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡ À“°„™âµ—«
‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“®–∑”„À≥âº≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡ªìπ
πÈ”¡—π π—Ëπ§◊Õ°“√°√–®“¬¢Õߧ“√å∫Õπ
Õ–µÕ¡®–·§∫≈ß ¥— ß π—È π Rong Lin
·≈–§≥– ¯ ®÷ ß ‰¥â »÷ ° …“°“√·µ°µ— «
æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π∫πµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ silica-
alumina, HZSM-5 ·≈– sulfated zir-
conia ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ù Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  Fe/activated carbon, HZSM-5 ·≈–
„™â‰´‚§≈‡Œ°‡´π‡ªìπµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬ æ∫
«à“ HZSM-5 ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“楒∑’Ë ÿ¥
‚¥¬„Àâº≈‘µ¿—≥±å¢Õ߇À≈«√âÕ¬≈– ˘Ù
º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÀ≈—°‡ªìπ benzene, alkyl
benzene ·≈– indanes µ“¡≈”¥— ∫
µà Õ ¡“ Kim J.S. ·≈–§≥– ˘ »÷ ° …“
°“√ ≈“¬æÕ≈‘   ‰µ√’ π „™â · ≈â « ∫πµ— «
‡√à ß ªØ‘ °‘ √‘ ¬ “‡À≈Á ° ™π‘ ¥ µà “ ß Ê æ∫«à“
Fe-K/Al2O3 ‡ªìπµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“∑’Ë„Àâ
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ù
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡«≈“ ˘ π“∑’ ‚¥¬¡’
º≈‘µ¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π√âÕ¬≈– ˘Ú.Ú º≈‘µ-
¿—≥±åÀ≈—°‡ªì𠉵√’π Arandes J.M.
·≈–§≥–Ò »÷ ° …“°“√√’ ‰ ´‡§‘ ≈ æÕ≈‘ -
 ‰µ√’π‚¥¬≈–≈“¬„π light cycle oil
æ∫«à “ ∑’Ë Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ıı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò
„π fluidized bed reactor æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π
CH2-CH
▲
380
„π light cycle oil „Àâ·°‚´≈’π√âÕ¬≈–
ıˆ.Ù º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÀ≈—°∑’ˉ¥â‡ªì𠉵√’π
ß“π«‘®—¬®÷ß¡ÿà߇πâπ∑’Ë°“√π”æÕ≈‘-
 ‰µ√’ π ∑’Ë „ ™â · ≈â « °≈— ∫ ¡“·ª√ ¿“æ„Àâ
‡ªìππÈ”¡—π‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ß À√◊Õ‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å
∑’Ë ¡’ §ÿ ≥ §à “ ∑“߇»√…∞°‘ ® ‚¥¬‡ª√’¬∫
‡∑’¬∫°“√„™âµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ Û ™π‘¥ §◊Õ
Co-Mo/Al2O3˜,ÒÒ-Òˆ µàÕ°“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
¢Õߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±å ºŸ«â ®‘ ¬— ‰¥â∑”°“√∑¥≈Õßπ’È
„π‡§√◊ËÕߪؑ°√≥å¢π“¥‡≈Á° ¡’µ—«·ª√
∑’Ë»÷°…“§◊Õ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ §«“¡¥—𠇫≈“
„π°“√∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ·≈–Õ—µ√“ à«π¢Õß
æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’πµàÕµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“
æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π (polystyrene)
æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π‡ªìπ‡∑Õ√å‚¡æ≈“ µ‘°
∑’Ë¡’°“√𔉪„™âÕ¬à“ßÀ≈“°À≈“¬ ‡π◊ËÕß
®“°æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’ππ—Èπ¡’√“§“∂Ÿ° ·≈–¢÷Èπ
√Ÿª‰¥âßà“¬ ÕàÕπµ—«‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â√—∫§«“¡√âÕπ
·≈–°≈— ∫  Ÿà   ¿“懥‘ ¡ ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡¬Á π µ— « ≈ß∑’Ë
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“°“√‡°‘¥æÕ≈‘-
‡¡Õ√å¢Õß ‰µ√’π‡ªìπæÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π · ¥ß
n
°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π„™â·≈â«
‚¥¬„™âµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“°√¥
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

 ¡∫—µ‘¢ÕßæÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π ‰¡à¡ ’ ’ ¡’§«“¡·¢Áßµ÷ß Ÿß (high stiffness) πÈ”‚∫√¡’π ·≈– “√≈–≈“¬‚´‡¥’¬¡‰Œ‚æ

æÕ≈‘   ‰µ√’ 𠇪ì π æÕ≈‘ ‡ ¡Õ√å ∑’Ë ¡’ ‡ªìπ©π«π‰øøÑ“∑’Ë¥’ πÈ”‰¡à´÷¡ºà“π ∑π §≈Õ‰√µå æÕßµ—«„π “√≈–≈“¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å
≈—°…≥–·∫∫Õ —≥∞“π ‡°‘¥®“°ªØ‘°√‘ ¬‘ “ µàÕ °√¥ÕàÕπ·µà‰¡à “¡“√∂∑π∑“πµàÕ æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π¡’ ¡∫—µ‘µà“ß Ê ¥—ßπ’È
°“√‡°‘¥æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å¢Õß ‰µ√’π¡ÕπÕ- °√¥ ´—≈øÿ√‘°‡¢â¡¢âπ ·≈–µ—«ÕÕ°´‘‰¥´å
‡¡Õ√å º≈÷°æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π®–¡’≈—°…≥–„  ∑’Ë·¢Áß·√ß ‡™àπ °√¥‰π∑√‘° πÈ”§≈Õ√’π

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò  ¡∫—µ‘¢ÕßæÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’πÙ,ı
§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ (density) 0.0376-0.0387 lb/in3
§«“¡∂à«ß®”‡æ“– (specific gravity) 1.05 g/cm3
§«“¡µâ“π·√ߥ÷ß (tensile strength) 7,000 psi
§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ (flexural strength) 12,000 psi
¥—™π’°“√À≈Õ¡‰À≈ (melt flow index) 1.2-28 g/10 min
O
®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡ÕàÕπµ—« (vicat softening) 110 C
O
®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡°“√·µ°µ—« (degradation point) > 300 C
¡«≈‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‡©≈’ˬ (Mw) 200,000-300,000

æÕ≈‘   ‰µ√’ 𠇪ì π  “√∑’Ë ¡’ ‚ ¡‡≈°ÿ ≈  à«π„À≠à®–„™â°“√¢÷πÈ √Ÿª·∫∫©’¥ (injec- °“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™âæÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’πÙ

„À≠à ‡°‘¥®“° ‰µ√’π¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å Ú,-
Û, Àπ૬ ¡“µàÕ°—π ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ªæÕ-
≈‘ ‰µ√’π∑’Ë„™â„π∑“ß°“√§â“·∫à߇ªìπ Û
·∫∫ §◊Õ ·∫∫‰À≈ßà“¬ (easy-flow)
·∫∫‰À≈ª“π°≈“ß (intermediate-
flow) ·≈–·∫∫„™â§«“¡√âÕπ Ÿß (high
heat)  ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“æ¢÷Èπ°—∫¡«≈
‚¡‡≈°ÿ ≈ °“√°√–®“¬¡«≈‚¡‡≈°ÿ ≈
(molecular weight distribution) ·≈–
°“√‡µ‘¡ “√‡µ‘¡·µàß
æ Õ ≈‘   ‰ µ √’ π · ∫ ∫ ‰ À ≈ ßà “ ¬
(easy-flow) ‡ªìπ‡√´‘π∑’Ë¡’¡«≈‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
µË”∑’ Ë ¥ÿ ¡’°“√‡µ‘¡πÈ”¡—π≈߉ª√âÕ¬≈– Û-
Ù ‡æ◊Ëՙ૬≈¥§«“¡Àπ◊¥ (melt visco-
sity) ·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡¥—™π’°“√‰À≈ (Õ—µ√“°“√
À≈Õ¡‰À≈¡“°°«à“ Ú °√—¡/Ò π“∑’
∑’Ë Û˘Ú Õß»“‡´≈‡´’ ¬  ) ‡¡◊Ë Õ §«“¡
Àπ◊ ¥ ≈¥≈ß®–∑”„Àâ ¢÷È π √Ÿ ª ‰¥â ßà “ ¬¢÷È π
tion molding)
æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π·∫∫‰À≈ª“π°≈“ß
(intermediate-flow) ‰¥â®“°°“√‡µ‘¡
πÈ”¡—π∏√√¡™“µ‘≈߉ª√âÕ¬≈– Ò-Ú ´÷Ë ß
®–∑”„ÀâæÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’πª√–‡¿∑π’¡È ≈’ °— …≥–
°“√‰À≈·≈– ¡∫— µ‘ ∑ “ß°“¬¿“æÕ¬Ÿà
√–À«à“ß·∫∫‰À≈ßà“¬·≈–·∫∫„™â§«“¡
√âÕπ Ÿß
æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π·∫∫„™â§«“¡√âÕπ
 Ÿ ß (high-heat) ‡ªìπæÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π∑’Ë¡’
¡«≈‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ Ÿß¡“° ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ “√
‡µ‘¡·µàßπâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‰¡à¡’°“√‡µ‘¡πÈ”¡—π
À√◊Õ “√‡æ‘Ë¡°“√‰À≈ µâÕß„™â§«“¡√âÕπ
 Ÿ ß „π°“√¢÷È π √Ÿ ª Õ“®¡’ ° “√‡µ‘ ¡  “√
ª√–‡¿∑°√¥ ‡µ’¬√‘° ™à«¬„ÀâÀ≈ÿ¥®“°
·¡àæ‘¡æ剥âßà“¬ æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’πª√–‡¿∑π’È
∑πµàÕ§«“¡√âÕπ‰¥â Ÿß·≈–·µ°‰¥âßà“¬
°«à“æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’πª√–‡¿∑Õ◊Ëπ
º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å § √‘   ∑— ≈ æÕ≈‘   ‰µ√’ π
¡’≈—°…≥–‚ª√àß„   “¡“√∂π”¡“©’¥„ à
·∫∫æ‘¡æå (mold) À√◊Õπ”¡“°¥¢÷Èπ√Ÿª
‰¥â æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π∑’Ëπ”¡“©’¥„ à·∫∫æ‘¡æå
π’È¡’°“√𔉪„™â∑”‡§√◊ËÕ߇ ’¬ß µ≈—∫
‡∑ª °≈àÕß„ à·ºàπ∫—π∑÷° ‡§√◊ËÕß„™â„π
 ”π—°ß“𠇧√◊ËÕß„™â„π∫â“π ¢Õ߇≈àπ
‡ªìπµâπ
º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å Õ‘ ¡ ·æÁ ° µå ‡ °√¥æÕ≈‘ -
 ‰µ√’π (impact polystyrene) ¡’≈°— …≥–
∑÷ ∫ · ß ¡’ §à “ §«“¡∑π·√ß°√–·∑°
(impact strength)  Ÿ ß °«à “ ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡∑’ ¬ ∫
°—∫§√‘ ∑—≈æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π ¡’°“√‡µ‘¡¬“ß
‡æ◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡§à“§«“¡∑π·√ß°√–·∑°·≈–
§à“°“√¬◊¥µ—« ·µà®–∑”„À⧫“¡„ ·≈–
§«“¡·¢Áßµ÷ß (stiffness) ≈¥≈ß Õ‘¡·æÁ°µå
·≈–§√‘ ∑—≈æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π®–‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ≈“¬
≈ßÕ¬à “ ß√«¥‡√Á « ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‚¥π· ßÕ— ≈ µ√“

Õ√“¥“ «ß»å»ÿ¿≈—°…≥å,  ¡»—°¥‘Ï ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘»

381
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
‰«‚Õ‡≈µ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷߉¡à‡À¡“–∑’Ë®–„™âß“π
°≈“ß·®â ß ∂â “ ‰¡à ‰ ¥â ‡ µ‘ ¡  “√‡µ‘ ¡ ·µà ß ∑’Ë
‡À¡“– ¡‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π· ß
Õ‘ ¡ ·æÁ ° µå æ Õ≈‘   ‰µ√’ π  “¡“√∂
π”¡“©’ ¥ „ à · ∫∫æ‘ ¡ æå ∑”‡ªì π ™—È π «“ß
‡§√◊ËÕ߇ ’¬ß ‡§√◊ËÕß„™â¿“¬„π∫â“π ·∂∫
«’¥‘∑—»πå ‡øÕ√å𑇮Õ√å ·≈–π”¡“¢÷Èπ√Ÿª
∑”°√–‡ªÜ“‡¥‘π∑“ß ∑’Ë∫ÿ√Õߪ√–µŸµŸâ‡¬Áπ
¿“™π–„ àÕ“À“√ ‡ªìπµâπ
·ºàπæÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’πª√–‡¿∑ extruded
non-foam π”¡“„™â‡ªìπ “√‡§≈◊Õ∫‡ß“
°√–®°·≈–·ºß§«∫§ÿ ¡ æÕ≈‘   ‰µ√’ π
ª√–‡¿∑π’È Õ “®Õ¬Ÿà „ π√Ÿ ª øî ≈å ¡ À√◊ Õ ·ºà π
∫“ß∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â„π°“√∫√√®ÿÕ“À“√ ‡™àπ
∂“¥§ÿ°°’È ·ºàπøî≈å¡∂πÕ¡Õ“À“√ ·ºàπ
°—π°√–·∑°
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú ‡§√◊ËÕߪؑ°√≥å¢π“¥‡≈Á° ª√‘¡“µ√ ˜ı ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ (micro-reactor)
æÕ≈‘   ‰µ√’ π Õ’ ° ™π‘ ¥ ∑’Ë π”¡“∑”
‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë„™â°—πÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬
¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥°Á§◊Õæ’‡Õ ‚ø¡ (PS foam)
‡°‘ ¥ ®“°°“√π”‡¡Á ¥ æÕ≈‘   ‰µ√’ π ‡√´‘ π
ºà“π°“√‡ªÉ“„À⢬“¬µ—« „π‚§√ß √â“ß
¢Õß‚ø¡π—Èπ®–¡’ ’¢“«∏√√¡™“µ‘ æ’‡Õ  ‡ªìπ π‘¡ SS 316 ¥â“π∫π¡’™ÿ¥Ω“ªî¥
‚ø¡·∫à߇ªìπ Ú ª√–‡¿∑À≈—° §◊Õ
expandable polystyrene À√◊Õ
EPS ∑’Ë„™â∫√√®ÿ ‘π§â“¡’§à“µà“ß Ê ‡™àπ
‚∑√∑—»πå µŸâ‡¬Á𠇧√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“ À¡«°
°—ππÁÕ° ‚ø¡°≈àÕßπÈ”·¢Áß ‚ø¡·ºàπ
‚ø¡°âÕπ∑’Ë„™â∑”∂ππ
polystyrene paper À√◊Õ PSP
À√◊Õ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ polystyrene/XPS „™â
 ”À√— ∫ ∑”∂“¥ À√◊ Õ °≈à Õ ß‚ø¡∫√√®ÿ
Õ“À“√
382
‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ·≈–«‘∏’°“√∑¥≈Õß
‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ·≈–Õÿª°√≥å
‡§√◊ËÕߪؑ°√≥å¢π“¥‡≈Á° (micro-
reactor) √Ÿª∑√ß°√–∫Õ° ª√‘¡“µ√ ˜ı
¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ∑”®“°‡À≈Á°°≈ⓇÀ𒬫‰¡à
∑”®“°‡À≈Á°  ‡µπ‡≈  ¡’ ™ÿ¥ Õÿ ª °√≥å
 ”À√—∫Õ—¥·°ä ·≈–«“≈å«π‘√¿—¬ ∑”°“√
∑¥≈Õß„π¿“«–∑’Ë ∑ 𧫓¡√â Õ π‰¥â ∂÷ ß
ı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’ ¬   §«“¡¥— π Ò
‡¡°–æ“ §— ≈ ¡’ ‡ ∑Õ√å ¡ Õ§— ª ‡ªî ≈ ∑“ß
¥â“π∫π ”À√—∫µ√«®«—¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¿“¬„π
‡§√◊ËÕߪؑ°√≥å√–À«à“ß∑”°“√∑¥≈Õß
¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú
°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π„™â·≈â«
‚¥¬„™âµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“°√¥
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

°“√∑¥≈Õß
Ò.  “√µ—Èßµâπ·≈–µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“
æÕ≈‘   ‰µ√’ π „™â · ≈â « ™π‘ ¥ ‚ø¡
(expanded polystyrene waste:
EPSW) ´÷Ëß„™â ”À√—∫∫√√®ÿÕ“À“√ µ—¥
‡ªìπ™‘πÈ ¢π“¥ª√–¡“≥ .ı Ó .ı ‡´π-
µ‘‡¡µ√  ¡∫—µ‘µà“ß Ê ‡ªìπ¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú
µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ Fe/activated carbon
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ Ò% Fe ¡’æ◊Èπ∑’˺‘« ıı˘
µ“√“߇¡µ√/°√—¡ HZSM-5 ª√–°Õ∫
¥â«¬ Si/Al = Ò¯ æ◊Èπ∑’˺‘« Û˜Ù µ“√“ß
‡¡µ√/°√—¡ ·≈– Co-Mo/Al2O3 æ◊Èπ∑’Ë
º‘« ÚÚ˘ µ“√“߇¡µ√/°√—¡

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú  ¡∫—µ‘æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π„™â·≈â«™π‘¥ expanded polystyrene˘

feed material element (wt.%) GPCa

carbon hydrogen nitrogen sulfur oxygen Mw Mn
EPSW 89.56 7.83 0.02 0.00 0.95 219000 100100
a Average molecular weight (Mw) and number of average molecular weight (Mn) were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

Ú. ‡§√◊ÕË ß¡◊Õ·≈–¢—πÈ µÕπ°“√∑¥≈Õß Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ˜ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡¥—π ¢÷Èπ„π™à«ß Ûı-Û˜ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ 

æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π‚ø¡µ—¥‡ªìπ™‘Èπ¢π“¥
ª√–¡“≥ .ı Ó .ı ´¡. ™—ËßπÈ”Àπ—°
ª√–¡“≥ ı °√—¡ ≈–≈“¬„πµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬
‰´‚§≈‡Œ°‡´π Ú °√—¡ (Ò : Ù) „π
‡§√◊ËÕߪؑ°√≥å ª√–°Õ∫‡§√◊ËÕߪؑ°√≥å
‡¢â“°—∫ à«πª√–°Õ∫µà“ß Ê π”‰ª‰≈à
Õ“°“»∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà ¿ “¬„πÕÕ°‚¥¬ºà “ π·°ä   gas chromatography mass spec-
‰Œ‚¥√‡®π ®“°π—ÈπÕ—¥·°ä ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π
®π‰¥â § «“¡¥— π ∑’Ë µâ Õ ß°“√ 𔇧√◊Ë Õ ß
ªØ‘ ° √≥å µà Õ ‡¢â “ °— ∫ ™ÿ ¥ §«∫§ÿ ¡ ‡∑Õ√å -
¡Õ§— ª ‡ªî ≈ ·≈–Õÿ ª °√≥å ¢ ¥≈«¥§«“¡
√âÕπÀÿ⡥⫬©π«π ∑”°“√∑¥≈Õßµ“¡
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–‡«≈“∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ º≈‘µ¿—≥±å
¢Õ߇À≈«∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ° ≈—Ë π ·¬°µ— « ∑”≈–≈“¬
‰´‚§≈‡Œ°‡´πÕÕ°®“°º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å
πÈ”¡—π¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß rotary evaporator ∑’Ë
Ò ¡‘≈≈‘∫“√å «‘‡§√“–Àå§à“°“√°√–®“¬
¢ÕßÕß§å ª √–°Õ∫º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å πÈ” ¡— π
„π™à « ߧ“∫®ÿ ¥ ‡¥◊ Õ ¥∑’Ë Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ µà “ ß Ê
·≈–Õߧåª√–°Õ∫ “√‡§¡’∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ¥â«¬
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß simulated distillation gas
chromatographer (DGC) ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß
trometer (GC/MS)
º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß
Ò. º≈¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¡’º≈µàÕ°“√·µ°µ—«¢Õß
æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π„™â·≈â« æ‘®“√≥“®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë Û
·≈– Ù ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”¡—π¡’·π«‚πâ¡≈¥≈ß
‡≈Á°πâÕ¬µ“¡°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
¢≥–∑’Ë πÈ” ¡— π ·°‚´≈’ π ¡’ · π«‚πâ ¡ ‡æ‘Ë ¡
‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡√‘Ë¡∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß
¢÷È𠇪ìπ°“√·µ°µ—«¢Õß “√µ—Èßµâπ‡ªìπ
 “¬‚´à ‚ ¡‡≈°ÿ ≈ ¢π“¥°≈“ß™à « ß·°ä  
ÕÕ¬≈å‡∫“ ®“°π—Èπµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“®–‡√‘Ë¡
¡’∫∑∫“∑ ‚¥¬∑”°“√·µ°µ—«‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
¢π“¥°≈“ß„Àâ ‡ ≈Á ° ≈߉¥â º ≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å
®”æ«°·°‚´≈’π¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ‚¥¬¡’·π«
‚πâ ¡ §ß∑’Ë „ π™à « ß Û˜-Ù Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬  Õ“®‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡¡◊ËÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
 Ÿß¢÷Èπ¡“° ∑”„À⇰‘¥·°ä ¡“° §«“¡¥—π
¿“¬„π®÷ß Ÿß¢÷Èπ®π∂÷ß√–¥—∫∑’Ë “¡“√∂‰ª
√–ß—∫À√◊Õ¢—¥¢«“ß°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë¢Õß “√
¿“¬„π °“√·µ°µ—«¢Õß “¬‚´à‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
‡ªìπ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‡≈Á°®÷ß∑”‰¥â≈”∫“°Ò˜

Õ√“¥“ «ß»å»ÿ¿≈—°…≥å,  ¡»—°¥‘Ï ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘»

383
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

HZSM-5
Fe/Ac

gasoline yield (%w)

liquid yield (%w)

Co-Mo/Al2O3

HZSM-5
Fe/Ac
Co-Mo/Al2O3

temperature (oC) temperature (oC)

√Ÿª∑’Ë Û º≈¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µàÕ°“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¢Õߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π √Ÿª∑’Ë Ù º≈¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µàÕ°“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¢Õß·°‚´≈’π

Ú. º≈¢Õ߇«≈“„π°“√∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ „π™à « ߇«≈“‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π π—È π ª√‘ ¡ “≥æÕ≈‘ - ∫Õπ·µ°µ—«¡“° §«“¡¥—π¿“¬„π®÷ß Ÿß

‡«≈“„π°“√∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ à«π„À≠à
®– à ß º≈„Àâ º ≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å πÈ” ¡— π ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ¡’
·π«‚πâ¡≈¥≈߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ ‚¥¬‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ
·°ä ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë ı ·≈– ˆ æ∫«à“
„π™à«ß‡«≈“ ˆ-˘ π“∑’π—Èπ √âÕ¬≈–
·°‚´≈’ π ‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π ·≈–¡’ · π«‚πâ ¡ §ß∑’Ë
„π™à«ß ˘-Ò¯ π“∑’ ∑—Èßπ’È ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
liquid yield (%w)
 ‰µ√’π¡’Õ¬Ÿ¡à “°∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ𧫓¡·µ°µà“ß
¢Õß·°‚´≈’ π ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π À≈— ß ®“° ˘
π“∑’ °“√·µ°µ—«®–‡√‘Ë¡¥â«¬°“√·µ°µ—«
¢Õß “√‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈„À≠à ‡™àπ °“°πÈ” ¡— π
Àπ— ° °≈“¬‡ªì π ‚¡‡≈°ÿ ≈ ¢π“¥°≈“ß
·≈–‡≈Á° ·≈–Õ“®¡“®“°°“√„Àâ “√Õ¬Ÿà
„π√–∫∫‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π  “√‰Œ‚¥√§“√å-
gasoline yield (%w)
¢÷Èπ®π∂÷ß√–¥—∫∑’Ë “¡“√∂‰ª√–ß—∫À√◊Õ
¢— ¥ ¢«“ß°“√‡§≈◊Ë Õ π∑’Ë ¢ Õß “√¿“¬„π
°“√·µ°µ— « ¢Õß “¬‚´à ‚ ¡‡≈°ÿ ≈ ‡ªì π
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢π“¥‡≈Á°≈ß®÷ß∑”‰¥â§àÕπ¢â“ß
¬“° ¥— ß π—È π √â Õ ¬≈–·°‚´≈’ π ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ®÷ ß
‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π¡“°π—°

HZSM-5
HZSM-5
Fe/Ac
Fe/Ac
Co-Mo/Al2O3
Co-Mo/Al2O3

time (min) time (min)

√Ÿª∑’Ë ı º≈¢Õ߇«≈“µàÕ°“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¢Õߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π √Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ º≈¢Õ߇«≈“µàÕ°“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¢Õß·°‚´≈’π

°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π„™â·≈â«
‚¥¬„™âµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“°√¥
384

Û. º≈¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“
µ— « ‡√à ß ªØ‘ °‘ √‘ ¬ “ HZSM-5 ·µ°
µà“ß®“°µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“Õ’° Ú ™π‘¥¡“°
®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ ·≈– ¯ æ∫«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕª√‘¡“≥
µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ®“° .Ò ∂÷ß Ò
‡ªÕ√凴Áπµåπ—Èπ √âÕ¬≈–º≈‘µ¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π
·≈–°“√°√–®“¬µ—«¢Õß·°‚´≈’π∑’ˉ¥â
‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥µ—«
‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“®π∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– Ò ‚¥¬πÈ”
Àπ— ° √â Õ ¬≈–º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å πÈ” ¡— π ≈¥≈ß
Õ¬à“ß¡“° ‚¥¬°“√°√–®“¬¢Õß√âÕ¬≈–
·°‚´≈’π°≈—∫‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ∑—È ß π’È Õ“®‡π◊ËÕß
¡“®“°∑’˵—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ .Ò ·≈– Ò
‡ªÕ√凴Áπµåπ—Èπ æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π‰¡à “¡“√∂
„™âµ”·Àπàß°—¡¡—πµå (active site) ¢Õß
HZSM-5 ‰¥âÕ¬à“߇µÁ¡∑’Ë ‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°
≈—°…≥–‚§√ß √â“ß√Ÿæ√ÿπ¢Õß HZSM-5
∑’Ë ¡’ ≈— ° …≥–‡ªì π microporous ´÷Ë ß ¡’
liquid yield (%w)
HZSM-5
Fe/Ac
Co-Mo/Al2O3
catalyst content (%w)
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ º≈¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“µàÕ°“√‡°‘¥‡√◊ËÕߢ÷Èπ¢Õߺ≈‘µ
¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π
Õ√“¥“ «ß»å»ÿ¿≈—°…≥å,  ¡»—°¥‘Ï ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘»
¢π“¥√Ÿæ√ÿπ‡≈Á°¡“° (~.ıı π“‚π
‡¡µ√) Õ’°∑—ßÈ ≈—°…≥–‚§√ß √â“ߢÕßæÕ-
≈‘ ‰µ√’π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡°–°–¢Õ߫߇∫π´’π
∑”„À≡ࠓ¡“√∂‡¢â“‰ª¿“¬„π√Ÿæ√ÿπ‰¥â
¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“®÷߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â‡æ’¬ß
µ”·Àπà ß °— ¡ ¡— π µå ∫ πæ◊È π º‘ « ¿“¬πÕ°
‡∑à “ π—È πÒˆ ∑’Ë .Ò ·≈– Ò ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå
ª√‘¡“≥µ”·Àπàß°—¡¡—πµå∑’Ë„™â‡°‘¥°“√
·µ°µ—«¢ÕßæÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π®÷ßÕ“®¡Õ߉¡à
‡ÀÁ 𠧫“¡·µ°µà “ ß °“√‡æ‘Ë ¡ ª√‘ ¡ “≥
µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“„À⠟ߢ÷Èπ®÷߇ªìπ°“√‡æ‘Ë¡
æ◊È π ∑’Ë º‘ « À√◊ Õ µ”·Àπà ß °— ¡ ¡— π µå ∑”„Àâ
æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π‡°‘¥°“√·µ°µ—«¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ
´÷Ë ß HZSM-5 π—Èπ‡ªìπµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“
ª√–‡¿∑ strong acid site π—Ëπ§◊Õ ¡’
§«“¡·¢Áß·√ß„π°“√·µ°µ—« “√µ—Èßµâπ
„Àâ¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷ß
‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“∑’˵—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ Û ·≈– ı
gasoline yield (%w)
√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ º≈¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“µàÕ°“√¢÷Èπ¢Õß·°‚´≈’π
385
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå ¡’º≈‘µ¿—≥±å·°ä ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
¡“°°«à“∑’Ë Ò ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß
·µà®“° ¡∫—µ‘¢âÕ‡¥’¬«°—π°Á àߺ≈„Àâ “√
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈„À≠à ‡™àπ °“°πÈ”¡—πÀπ—°·µ°
µ—«‡ªìπ·°‚´≈’π·≈–‡§‚√´’π´÷Ëß¡’¢π“¥
‚¡‡≈°ÿ ≈ ‡≈Á ° ≈߉¥â §à Õ π¢â “ ß Ÿ ß ‡™à π °— π
‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“ à«π¢Õßµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“
Fe/activated carbon ·≈– Co-Mo/
Al2O3 æ∫«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥µ—«‡√àß
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ª√‘¡“≥º≈‘µ¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π∑’ˉ¥â
¡’·π«‚πâ¡≈¥≈ß ·°‚´≈’π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬
¡’ · π«‚πâ ¡ §ß∑’Ë ‡ ¡◊Ë Õ „™â ª √‘ ¡ “≥µ— « ‡√à ß
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√âÕ¬≈– ı-Ò ‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—°
‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫√–À«à“ßµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“
∑—È ß Û ™π‘ ¥ æ∫«à“ HZSM-5 ¡’ º ≈µà Õ
°“√·µ°µ—«¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‚¥¬‰¥âπÈ”¡—πµË”
 ÿ¥·µà·°‚´≈’π Ÿß ÿ¥
HZSM-5
Fe/Ac
Co-Mo/Al2O3
catalyst content (%w)
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
Ù. º≈¢Õߧ«“¡¥—π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‡√‘¡Ë µâπ
§«“¡¥—π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‡√‘Ë¡µâπ„π™à«ß
§«“¡¥—πµË” π—Ë π §◊ Õ Ò-Ò ∫“√å ¡’º≈
§àÕπ¢â“ßπâÕ¬µàÕ°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π
®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘ ·≈– Ò æ∫«à“‡¡◊ÕË ‡æ‘¡Ë §«“¡
¥—π®“° Ò ‡ªìπ ı ∫“√å √âÕ¬≈–º≈‘µ¿—≥±å
πÈ”¡—π∑’ˉ¥â‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π¡“°π—° ∑’Ë
§«“¡¥—π ı ∫“√å¡’°“√°√–®“¬µ—«¢Õß
·°‚´≈’π¡“°°«à“∑’Ë Ò ∫“√å‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ ·≈–
liquid yield (%w)
initial hydrogen pressure (bar)
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘ º≈¢Õߧ«“¡¥— π ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π µà Õ °“√‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ¢Õß
º≈‘µ¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π
ı. Õß§å ª √–°Õ∫ “√‡§¡’ ® “°°“√
·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π„™â·≈â«
°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π∫πµ—«‡√àß
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“∑—Èß Û ™π‘¥ ‡¡◊ËÕπ”¡“«‘‡§√“–Àå
ª√‘ ¡ “≥ “√‡§¡’ ∑’Ë ¿ “«–°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë
‡À¡“– ¡ ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û æ∫«à“ º≈‘µ-
¿— ≥ ±å À ≈— ° ‡ªì π ‡Õ∑‘ ≈ ‡∫π´’ π §‘ « ¡’ π
‚∑≈ŸÕπ’ ·≈– ‰µ√’π ‚¥¬°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ-
≈‘ ‰µ√’π∫π Co-Mo/Al2O3 „Àâ‡Õ∑‘≈-
‡∫π´’π·≈–§‘«¡’π ´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈‘ µ¿— ≥±å
À≈—°∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“ Fe/activated carbon
·≈– HZSM-5 Õ“®‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“° Co-
‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡¥—π‡ªìπ Ò ∫“√å æ∫«à“
√âÕ¬≈–º≈‘µ¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡≈Á°πâÕ¬
°“√°√–®“¬µ— « ¢Õß·°‚´≈’ π ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ¡’
·π«‚πâ¡≈¥≈ß ∑—Èßπ’È Õ“®‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°
‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡¥—π Ÿß¢÷Èπ∑”„À⧫“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õß
¢Õ߇À≈«¿“¬„π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ °“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë
¢ÕߢÕ߇À≈«™â“≈ß °“√∂à“¬‚Õ𧫓¡
√âÕπ¿“¬„π‡§√◊ÕË ßªØ‘°√≥剡े’ ∑à“∑’§Ë «√
 àߺ≈„À≥â√∫— æ≈—ßß“π§«“¡√âÕππâÕ¬≈ß
gasoline yield (%w)
HZSM-5
Fe/Ac
Co-Mo/Al2O3
initial hydrogen pressure (bar)
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò º≈¢Õߧ«“¡¥—π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‡√‘Ë¡µâπµàÕ°“√‡°‘¥¢Õß·°‚´≈’π
Mo/Al2O3 π—Èπ¡’‚≈À–·∑√π´‘™—π Co2+
´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂√—∫·≈–∂à“¬‡∑Õ‘‡≈Á°-
µ√Õπ®“° “√µ—Èßµâπ‰¥â¥’ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’
æ≈— ß ß“π°“√∂à “ ¬‡∑Õ‘ ‡ ≈Á ° µ√Õπ§à Õ π
¢â“ß Ÿß (work function > 4.5 eV)ÒÛ
·≈– Ÿß°«à“ Fe3+ Õ’°∑—È߬—ß¡’µ—« à߇ √‘¡
(promotor) Mo3+ ∑’Ë®–™à«¬„π°“√√—∫
Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ®“° “√µ—Èßµâπ‡æ◊ËÕπ”¡“‡°‘¥
ªØ‘ °‘ √‘ ¬ “µà Õ ‰ª  à « π‡À≈Á ° ∫π∂à “ π
°—¡¡—πµå„Àâº≈∑’Ë¥’°«à“ HZSM-5 Õ“®
‡π◊Ë Õ ß¡“®“°≈— ° …≥–√Ÿ æ √ÿ π ¢Õß∑—È ß
Ú µ—«∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π π—Ëπ§◊Õ HZSM-5
386
Õ—µ√“°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“À√◊Õ°“√·µ°µ—«
¢Õß “√¿“¬„π®÷ß≈¥≈ßÒ˜ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ∑”
°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°“√·µ°µ—«¢ÕßæÕ≈‘-
 ‰µ√’π ∫πµ—« ‡√àß ªØ‘ °‘ √‘¬ “∑—Èß Û ™π‘ ¥
æ∫«à“„π™à«ß§«“¡¥—π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‡√‘Ë¡µâπ
Ò-Ò ∫“√åπ—Èπ Co-Mo/Al2O3 „Àâ√âÕ¬
≈–º≈‘µ¿—≥±åπÈ”¡—π·≈–·°‚´≈’π¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥
HZSM-5
Fe/Ac
Co-Mo/Al2O3
π—È π ¡’ √Ÿ æ √ÿ π ‡≈Á ° ¡“° (~.ıı π“‚π
‡¡µ√)Òˆ æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π‰¡à “¡“√∂‡¢â“‰ª
¿“¬„π‰¥â  à«πµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“‡À≈Á°∫π
∂à “ π°— ¡ ¡— π µå π—È π ‡°‘ ¥ ®“°°“√‡µ√’ ¬ ¡
·∫∫Ωí ß µ— « (impragnation) ∑”„Àâ
‡À≈Á ° ‡°‘ ¥ ∫πæ◊È π º‘ « ¿“¬πÕ°®”π«π
¡“°  à ß º≈„Àâ æ◊È π ∑’Ë º‘ « À√◊ Õ µ”·Àπà ß
°—¡¡—πµå ”À√—∫„™â„π°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“
∫π HZSM-5 ¡’πâÕ¬°«à“‡À≈Á°∫π∂à“π
°—¡¡—πµå º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’ˉ¥â®÷ߵ˔°«à“§àÕπ
¢â“ß¡“°
°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π„™â·≈â«
‚¥¬„™âµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“°√¥

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û Õߧåª√–°Õ∫º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÀ≈—°®“°°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π„™â·≈â«
chemical products (%)
ethylbenzene
cumene
toluene
styrene
other
 √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß
µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ Co-Mo/Al2O3
· ¥ßº≈∑’Ë¥’„π°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π
„™â·≈â« (æÕ≈‘ ‰µ√’π‚ø¡) „Àâº≈‘µ¿—≥±å
‡ªìππÈ”¡—π·°‚´≈’π¡“°°«à“√âÕ¬≈– Û
º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÀ≈—°‡ªìπ‡Õ∑‘≈‡∫π´’π √Õß
≈ß¡“‡ªì𧑫¡’π ·≈–‚∑≈ŸÕ’𠵓¡≈”¥—∫
´÷Ëß°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ‡«≈“·≈–
ª√‘¡“≥µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“  àߺ≈„Àâº≈‘µ-
¿— ≥ ±å πÈ” ¡— π ¡’ · π«‚πâ ¡ ≈¥≈ß „π∑“ß
µ√ߢⓡπÈ”¡—π·°‚´≈’π°≈—∫¡’·π«‚πâ¡
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ  à«π§«“¡¥—π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‡√‘Ë¡µâπ
°≈—∫‰¡à àߺ≈µàÕ°“√·µ°µ—«æÕ≈‘ ‰µ-
√’π¡“°π—° ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√π”µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“
∑—Èß Û ™π‘¥‰ª„™â®”‡ªìπµâÕߧ«∫§ÿ¡
ªí®®—¬∑—Èß Ù ™π‘¥„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫°“√
‡°‘¥º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’˵âÕß°“√
Õ√“¥“ «ß»å»ÿ¿≈—°…≥å,  ¡»—°¥‘Ï ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘»
HZSM-5 Fe/activated carbon
38.04 45.58
14.42 21.66
18.60 18.58
5.28 3.72
23.66 10.46
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
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387
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
Co-Mo/Al2O3
53.77
22.73
14.54
0.72
8.25
10. Arandes J.M., Eren J., Azkoiti M.J., J.
Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 70 (2003) : 747-
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

Abstract Cracking of Used Polystyrene Using Acid Catalysts

Arada Wongsuppaluk
Somsak Damronglerd
Fellow of the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Thailand

The used polystyrene was mixed with one of three acid catalysts: HZSM-5, Fe/activated carbon
and Co-Mo/Al2O3, in a micro reactor with a capacity of 70 ml. The cracking process was performed
at a reaction temperature of 350-400 OC, reaction time 60-180 min, initial hydrogen pressure 1-5 bars
and containing 0.1-1% w of HZSM-5, 1-5% wt of Fe/activated carbon and Co-Mo/Al 2O 3. A two-
level factorial experimental design was done to produce the best product and components.
The optimum conditions for cracking used PS on HZSM-5 were 370 OC, 90 min, 1 bar and
0.1% w catalyst content. The oil yield was 88.3% wt and consisted of gasoline, kerosene, light gas oil,
gas oil and long residue, with 28, 3, 40, 3 and 26% contents, respectively. The optimum conditions of
cracking used PS on Fe/activated carbon were 370 OC, 120 min, 1 bar and 5% w catalyst content . The oil
yield was 88.7% w and consisted of gasoline, kerosene, light gas oil, gas oil and long residue , with 24, 1,
45, 2 and 28% contents, respectively. The optimum conditions of cracking used PS on Co-Mo/Al2O3
were 370 OC, 90 min, 1 bar and 5%w catalyst content . The oil yield was 91.2% w and composed of
gasoline, light gas oil, gas oil and long residue, with 33, 40, 1 and 26% contents, respectively.

Key words : catalytic, cracking, polystyrene, HZSM-5, Co-Mo/Al2O3

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‡¥’¬Ë « (unilocular) À√◊ÕÀ≈“¬«ß (multi-
locular) ¢Õ∫™—¥‡®π Õ“®¡’¢Õ∫‡√’¬∫
À√◊Õ‡ªìπÀ¬—° ‰¡àæ∫¡’°âÕπ∑÷∫√—ß ’¢Õß
·§≈‡´’¬¡Õ¬Ÿ¿à “¬„π ¬°‡«âπÕ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ -
‚∑¡“ ™π‘¥‡¥ ‚¡æ≈“ µ‘° (desmo-
plastic) ´÷Ëß®–‡ªìπ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’ª–ªπ
®“°‰ø‚∫√ÕÕ ‡™’¬  (fibroosseous)
‰¥â¬“°  à«π≈—°…≥–‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’‡¥’ˬ«
À√◊ÕÀ≈“¬«ß∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷ß„πµÕπ·√° °Á
Õ“®«‘π‘®©—¬·¬°®“°∂ÿßπÈ” À√◊Õ‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°
™π‘¥Õ◊πË ‰¥â¬“° À“°„™â¿“æ√—ß ’·µà‡æ’¬ß
Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« ·≈–‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°™π‘¥π’È
æ∫‰¥â∫Õà ¬°«à“‡π◊ÕÈ ßÕ°™π‘¥Õ◊πË „πºŸªâ «É ¬
∑’¡Ë “√—∫°“√µ√«®¥â«¬√—ß ’∑¿’Ë “§«‘™“√—ß ’
«‘∑¬“ °“√»÷°…“π’È®÷ß¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å‡æ◊ËÕ

* »“ µ√“®“√¬å ¿“§«‘™“√—ß ’«‘∑¬“ §≥–∑—πµ·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈

„®πÿ™ ®ß√—°…å
389
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

√«∫√«¡≈— ° …≥–¿“æ√— ß  ’ ¢ ÕߺŸâ ªÉ « ¬ π—πÈ ®÷ß∫—π∑÷°√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‡°’¬Ë «°—∫∫√‘‡«≥ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õ߇ߓ‚ª√àß√—ß ’ À√◊Õ

Õ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“ ´÷ßË ∂Ÿ° àß¡“∑’¿Ë “§«‘™“
„π™à«ßªïæÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÛı - ÚıÙÙ
√«¡∑—È ß »÷ ° …“Õ“°“√ º≈°√–∑∫µà Õ
√“°øíπ¢â“߇§’¬ß ‡∑§π‘§°“√∂à“¬¿“æ
√—ß ’„π·µà≈–√“¬‡æ◊ËÕ„™â‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√
»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª
«— ¥ÿÕÿª°√≥å·≈–«‘∏’°“√
Ò. √«∫√«¡ºŸªâ «É ¬∑’‰Ë ¥â√∫— √“¬ß“π
º≈®“°°“√µ√«®™‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕ«à“‡ªìπ Õ–¡’-
‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“ ∑’Ë∂Ÿ° àß¡“®“°∑—Èß ∂“π
∑’Ë√“™°“√·≈–§≈‘π‘°‡Õ°™π „π™à«ßªï
æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÛı-ÚıÙÙ
Ú. »÷ ° …“·≈–∫— π ∑÷ ° ≈— ° …≥–
Õ“°“√∑“ߧ≈‘π‘° Õ“¬ÿ ‡æ» ·≈–∫√‘‡«≥
∑’Ë¡’欓∏‘ ¿“æ ®“°π—Èπ®÷ß∂à“¬¿“æ√—ß ’
Û. ∫— π ∑÷ ° √“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥≈— ° …≥–
欓∏‘ ¿“æ∑’˪√“°Ø„π¿“æ√—ß ’ º≈
µàÕµ—«øíπ·≈–√“°øíπ∫√‘‡«≥„°≈⇧’¬ß
Ù. ∫—π∑÷°√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õ߇∑§π‘§
°“√ àß∂à“¬¿“æ√—ß ’„πºŸâªÉ«¬·µà≈–√“¬
æ√âÕ¡‡Àµÿº≈¢Õß°“√ àß∂à“¬¿“æ√—ß ’
¥â«¬
„π°“√∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π¢âÕ Ú ·≈–
Û ¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¥—ßπ’È §◊Õ ‡¡◊ËÕ»÷°…“
¿“æ√— ß  ’ ¢ ÕߺŸâ ªÉ « ¬·µà ≈ –√“¬·≈â « ®–
∂à“¬∑Õ¥∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’欓∏‘ ¿“æ≈ß∫π
·ºπº—ß√Ÿª¿“æ∑’Ë®—¥∑”¢÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ
¿“æ√«¡¢Õß欓∏‘ ¿“æ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ®“°
(location) ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥«à“
‡¡◊ËÕ欓∏‘ ¿“æ¢â“¡‡ âπ·π«°≈“ß
„∫Àπâ“ (mid line) ®–∫—π∑÷°«à“∫√‘‡«≥
·π«°≈“ß„∫Àπâ“ çmid line regioné
‡¡◊ËÕ欓∏‘ ¿“æÕ¬Ÿà„π∫√‘‡«≥øíπ
µ—¥·≈–‡¢’Ȭ« ‡√’¬°«à“ ∫√‘‡«≥ à«πÀπâ“
(anterior region)
‡¡◊Ë Õ æ¬“∏‘   ¿“æÕ¬Ÿà ∫ √‘ ‡ «≥øí π
°√“¡πâ Õ ¬ øí π °√“¡ ∑â “ ¬øí π °√“¡
(ramus) §Õ𥓬≈å (condyle) √«¡∑—Èß
‚æ√ßÕ“°“»¢“°√√‰°√∫π (maxillary
sinus) ‡√’¬°«à“ ∫√‘‡«≥ à«πÀ≈—ß (pos-
terior region)
„π°√≥’ ∑’Ë æ ¬“∏‘   ¿“槓∫‡°’Ë ¬ «
√–À«à“ß à«πÀπâ“·≈–À≈—ß ®–∫—π∑÷°«à“
∫√‘‡«≥ à«πÀ≈—ß (posterior region)


√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ≈—°…≥–‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’‡¥’ˬ« (»√™’È) ∑’Ë®–∫—π∑÷°«à“ «ß‡¥’ˬ« (unilocular) ·≈–¡’¢Õ∫
‡√’¬∫™—¥‡®π ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√∫—π∑÷°«à“ definite border
‡ß“∑÷∫√—ß ’ ∫—π∑÷°¥—ßπ’È
∂Ⓡªìπ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’∑ß—È æ¬“∏‘ ¿“æ
‡√’¬°«à“ ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’ (radiolucent)
∂Ⓡªìπ‡ß“∑÷∫√—ß ’∑—Èß欓∏‘ ¿“æ
‡√’¬°«à“ ‡ß“∑÷∫√—ß ’ (radiopaque)
∂Ⓡªìπ‡ß“‚ª√àß·≈–∑÷∫√—ß ’ ≈—∫
°—π ‡√’¬°«à“ ‡ß“º ¡ (mixed)
®“°π—Èπ ∂Ⓡªìπ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’°Á®–
æ‘®“√≥“µàÕ‰ª«à“
‡¡◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’‡¥’ˬ« §◊Õ¡’
≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ single discrete radiolu-
cent ®–∫—π∑÷°«à“ «ß‡¥’ˬ« (unilocular)
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò
‡¡◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’´âÕπ°—π¡“°
°«à“ Ò «ß ®–∫—π∑÷°«à“ À≈“¬«ß (multi-
locular) √Ÿª∑’Ë Ú

¿“æ√—ß ’ ≈—°…≥–∑“ߧ≈‘π‘° ·≈–‡∑§π‘§°“√∂à“¬¿“æ√—ß ’

¢ÕßÕ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“ „πºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ëß
390

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú ≈—°…≥–¿“æ√—ß ’ (»√™’È) ∑’Ë®–∫—π∑÷°«à“ À≈“¬«ß (multilocular) ´÷Ëß¡’¢π“¥„À≠à∫√‘‡«≥¢“°√√‰°√≈à“ߴ⓬
√«¡∑—ßÈ »÷°…“¢Õ∫¢Õß欓∏‘ ¿“æ
∂ⓇÀÁπ™—¥‡®π ‡√’¬°«à“ definite border
∂Ⓣ¡à™—¥‡®π‡√’¬°«à“ ill defined border
À“°µ—¥ ‘π„®‰¡à‰¥â«à“¢Õ∫™—¥À√◊Õ‰¡à™—¥
„Àâ‡√’¬°«à“ ¢Õ∫‰¡à™—¥
º≈°“√»÷°…“
√«∫√«¡ºŸâªÉ«¬Õ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“
µ—Èß·µàªïæÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÛı-ÚıÙÙ
‰¥â®”π«π ˜¯ √“¬ „πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ·≈–
𔇠πÕ‡ªìπ°√“ø·∑àß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú Õ“¬ÿ
∑’Ëæ∫πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ‡¥Á°À≠‘ßÕ“¬ÿ ÒÚ ªï
„®πÿ™ ®ß√—°…å


Õ“¬ÿ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ™“¬Õ“¬ÿ ˆ¯ ªï ™à«ß
Õ“¬ÿ∑æ’Ë ∫¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ ¡’ Ú ™à«ß §◊Õ √–À«à“ß
Õ“¬ÿ ÚÒ-Û ·≈– ÛÒ-Ù ªï ®”π«π
™à«ß≈– ÚÚ √“¬ ®“°π—Èπ®–≈¥≈߇√◊ËÕ¬ Ê
À≠‘ßæ∫‰¥â¡“°°«à“™“¬ §◊Õ Ù √“¬
(§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ıÒ.Û)  à«π™“¬æ∫
Û¯ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– Ù¯.˜) ∑”„ÀâÕ—µ√“
 à«πÀ≠‘ßµàÕ™“¬ §◊Õ Ò.Ù : Ò ‡ªìπ∑’Ëπà“
 —߇°µ«à“ „π™à«ßÕ“¬ÿπâÕ¬æ∫„π‡æ»
À≠‘ß¡“°°«à“™“¬ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕÕ“¬ÿ¡“°¢÷Èπ
§◊ Õ  Ÿ ß °«à “ ı ªï ¡’· π«‚πâ¡ «à“ æ∫„π
™“¬¡“°°«à“À≠‘ß ‡¡◊ËÕÕ“¬ÿ„π™à«ß ˆÒ-
391
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
˜ ªï æ∫„𙓬‡∑à“π—Èπ §◊Õ ı √“¬
(√âÕ¬≈– ˆ.Ù)
‡¡◊ËÕ»÷°…“Õ“°“√π”∑’ˇªìπ‡Àµÿ„Àâ
ºŸâªÉ«¬¡“æ∫∑—πµ·æ∑¬å ¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥
¥—ßπ’È
¡’Õ“°“√ ∫«¡ ‰¡àª«¥ ˜Ú √“¬
(√âÕ¬≈– ˘Ú.Û) ∫«¡·≈–ª«¥ Ú √“¬
¡’ À πÕ߉À≈®“°‡∫â “ øí π ∑’Ë ∂Ÿ ° ∂Õπ‰ª
Ò √“¬ ™“ Ò √“¬ ·º≈∂Õπøíπ‰¡àÀ“¬
Ò √“¬ ·≈–ª«¥æ√âÕ¡°—∫¡’·º≈„𪓰
Õ’° Ò √“¬
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò · ¥ß¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ Õ“¬ÿ ‡æ» ∑’Ëæ∫„πºŸâªÉ«¬ ˜¯ √“¬

Number of cases %
Age Total
Female male
0-10 0 0 0
11-20 9 (11.5%) 5 (16.4%) 14 (17.9%)
21-30 12 (15.4%) 10 (12.8%) 22 (28.2%)
31-40 14 (17.9%) 8 (10.3%) 22 (28.2%)
41-50 3 (3.8%) 3 (3.8%) 6 (7.7%)
51-60 2 (2.6%) 7 (9.0%) 9 (11.5%)
61-70 0 (0.0%) 5 (6.4%) 5 (6.4%)
Total 40 (51.3%) 38 (48.7%) 78 (100.0%)

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú · ¥ß§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ßÕ“¬ÿ ‡æ» ·≈–®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬ ‚ª√¥ —߇°µ«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕÕ“¬ÿ¡“°°«à“ ı ªï æ∫„𙓬¡“°

°«à“À≠‘ß

16
14
14
12
12
Number of cases

10
10 9 8 7 Female
8
male
6 5 5
4 3 3 2
2
0
0
11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70
Age

¿“æ√—ß ’ ≈—°…≥–∑“ߧ≈‘π‘° ·≈–‡∑§π‘§°“√∂à“¬¿“æ√—ß ’

¢ÕßÕ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“ „πºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ëß
392
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û · ¥ß∫√‘ ‡ «≥∑’Ë æ ∫ ˜ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– ˘) ¢“°√√‰°√≈à“ß à«π (√âÕ¬≈– ˜.˜) ·µà„π¢“°√√‰°√∫ππ’È

欓∏‘   ¿“æπ’È „ πºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑—È ß ˜¯ √“¬ À≈—ßæ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ı˘ √“¬ √Õß≈ß¡“ ‡¡◊ÕË æ‘®“√≥“®“°·ºπº—ß®–‡ÀÁπ«à“欓∏‘
‚¥¬π”‡ πÕ√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π·ºπº—ß√Ÿª ‡ªìπ·π«°≈“ß„∫Àπâ“¢Õߢ“°√√‰°√≈à“ß  ¿“æÕ¬Ÿà„π∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡πâÕ¬§◊Õ¢“
∑’Ë Û æ∫欓∏‘ ¿“æ„π¢“°√√‰°√≈à“ß ˘ √“¬ (√â Õ ¬≈– ÒÒ.ı) ∂— ¥ ¡“‡ªì π °√√‰°√∫π à«πÀ≈—ß∑’˧àÕπ¡“∑“ߥâ“π
˜Ò √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– ˘Ò) ¢“°√√‰°√∫π ∫√‘‡«≥¢“°√√‰°√∫π à«πÀ≈—ß ˆ √“¬ ÀπⓇªìπ à«π„À≠à

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û · ¥ß∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’欓∏‘ ¿“æ·¬°µ“¡¢“°√√‰°√∫π·≈–≈à“ß„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑—Èß ˜¯ √“¬

Number of cases %
Age Total
mandible maxilla
anterior 3 (3.8%) 1 (1.3%) 4 (5.1%)
posterior 59 (75.6%) 6 (7.7%) 65 (83.3%)
midline 9 (11.5%) 0 (0.0%) 9 (11.5%)
Total 71 (91.0%) 7 (9.0%) 78 (100.0%)

√Ÿª∑’Ë Û ·ºπº—ß√Ÿª¿“æ· ¥ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ëæ∫¡’欓∏‘ ¿“æ∑—Èߢ“°√√‰°√∫π·≈–≈à“ß

„®πÿ™ ®ß√—°…å
393
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

®“°·ºπº—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë Û ‡¡◊ËÕ»÷°…“ æ∫‡ªì π ∑’Ë ‡ π◊È Õ ‡¬◊Ë Õ Õà Õ ππÕ°°√–¥Ÿ ° 欓∏‘ ¿“æÕ¬Ÿ„à π∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡

欓∏‘   ¿“æ·π«°≈“ß„∫Àπâ “ „π¢“
°√√‰°√≈à“ß ˘ √“¬ æ∫«à“§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡
 à « πÀπâ “ ¢Õߢ“°√√‰°√¥â “ πÀπâ “ ‰ª
 à«πÀπâ“¢ÕßÕ’°¥â“πÀπ÷Ëß Ù √“¬ ‰ª
¬— ß ∫√‘ ‡ «≥øí π °√“¡πâ Õ ¬¢Õߥ⠓ πµ√ß
¢â“¡ Û √“¬ ·≈–‰ª¬—ß∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡
¥â“πµ√ߢⓡ Ú √“¬ §◊Õ®“°øíπ #ÛÛ
∂÷ß #Ù¯ „πºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬∑’Ë ı˜ ·≈–øíπ
#Ûˆ ∂÷ßøíπ #Ùˆ „πºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬∑’Ë ˆÒ
´÷Ë ß · ¥ß∂÷ ß ¢π“¥¢Õß欓∏‘   ¿“æ∑’Ë
§àÕπ¢â“ß„À≠à
Õ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“∑—Èß ˜¯ √“¬
(peripheral ameloblastoma) „π¢“
°√√‰°√≈à“ß Ú √“¬ ·≈–∑—Èß Õß√“¬¡’
°“√∑”≈“¬ —π°√–¥Ÿ°‡ªìπ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’
¢Õ∫‡ªìπÀ¬—°™—¥‡®π
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ù · ¥ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß
欓∏‘ ¿“æ„π¢“°√√‰°√≈à“ß à«πÀ≈—ß
´÷Ëß¡’®”π«π∑—Èß ‘Èπ ı˘ √“¬ √–∫ÿ∫√‘‡«≥
∑’ˇªìπ‚¥¬ √ÿª‰¥â«à“ ∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡
(M = molar) ∂÷ߧÕ𥓬≈å (C) ¡’¡“°
∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ Òı √“¬ ∂—¥¡“§◊Õ®“°∫√‘‡«≥
øíπ°√“¡πâÕ¬ (PM=premolar) ∂÷ßøíπ
°√“¡ (M) æ∫ ÒÚ √“¬
(M) ¯ √“¬  à«π∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡πâÕ¬
(PM) À√◊Õ®“°øíπ°√“¡πâÕ¬∂÷ߧÕπ-
¥“¬≈å À√◊Õ®“°∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡∂÷ß à«π
∑⓬øíπ°√“¡ (R = ramus) ¡’®”π«π
‡∑à“°—π§◊ÕÕ¬à“ß≈– ˆ √“¬  à«π∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë
æ∫πâ Õ ¬·µà µâ Õ ßπ— ∫ «à “ ¡’ ¢ 𓥄À≠à §◊ Õ
∫√‘‡«≥øíπÀπâ“ (A = anterior) ‰ª®π
∂÷ßøíπ°√“¡ Ú √“¬ ·≈–®“°∫√‘‡«≥
øíπÀπⓉª∂÷ߧÕ𥓬≈å¡’ Ò √“¬´÷Ëß
π—∫«à“„À≠à¡“°

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ù · ¥ß∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’欓∏‘ ¿“æ∫√‘‡«≥ à«πÀ≈—ߢÕߢ“°√√‰°√≈à“ߢÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ı˘ √“¬

A-M = ∫√‘‡«≥øíπÀπⓉª¬—ßøíπ°√“¡
A-C = ∫√‘‡«≥øíπÀπⓉª¬—ßøíπ§Õ𥓬≈å
PM = 欓∏‘ ¿“æÕ¬Ÿà„π∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡πâÕ¬
PM-M = ∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡πâÕ¬·≈–øíπ°√“¡
PM-R = ∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡πâÕ¬∂÷ß à«πøíπ∑⓬°√“¡
PM-C = ∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡πâÕ¬∂÷ߧÕ𥓬≈å
M = 欓∏‘ ¿“æÕ¬Ÿà„π∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡
MR = ∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡∂÷ß à«π∑⓬øíπ°√“¡
MC = ∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡∂÷ߧÕ𥓬≈å

16 15
14 12
12
Number of cases

10
8
8
6 6 6
6
4 3
2 1
2
0
A-M A-C PM PM M PM R PM C M MR MC
A = anterior, PM = premolar, M = molar, C = condlye, R = ramus

¿“æ√—ß ’ ≈—°…≥–∑“ߧ≈‘π‘° ·≈–‡∑§π‘§°“√∂à“¬¿“æ√—ß ’

¢ÕßÕ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“ „πºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ëß
394
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

µ“√“ß∑’Ë ı ‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢Õß欓∏‘ «à“‡ªìπ欓∏‘ ¿“æ§àÕπ¢â“ß„À≠à „π √“¬ (A = anterior)  à«πÕ’° Ú √“¬§◊Õ

 ¿“æ„π¢“°√√‰°√∫π∑—ßÈ ˜ √“¬ 欓∏‘ °√≥’π∂’È °Ÿ π—∫«à“‡ªìπ∫√‘‡«≥ à«πÀ≈—ß ·µà ∫√‘‡«≥øíπ°√“¡πâÕ¬‰ª∂÷ßøíπ°√“¡¡’
 ¿“æ à«π„À≠àæ∫®“°∫√‘‡«≥øíπÀπâ“ ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“§àÕπ¡“∑“ߥâ“πÀπⓠ欓∏‘ Ú √“¬
‰ª®π∂÷ßøíπ°√“¡ ¡’®”π«π Ù √“¬ π—∫  ¿“æ¢π“¥‡≈Á°„π∫√‘‡«≥ à«πÀπâ“ Ò

µ“√“ß∑’Ë ı · ¥ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß欓∏‘ ¿“æ∑—Èß ˜ √“¬„π¢“°√√‰°√∫π

4.5
4 4
3.5
Number of cases

3
2.5 2
2
1.5 1
1
0.5
0
A A M PM M
A = anterior, PM = premolar, M = molar

µ“√“ß∑’Ë ˆ · ¥ß≈—°…≥–¿“æ√—ß ’¢ÕßÕ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“∑—Èß ˜¯ √“¬ ∑’˪√“°Ø„π¢“°√√‰°√∫π·≈–≈à“ß

Number of cases %
Mandible Maxilla
Density (78 lesions)
Radiolucent 69 (88.5%) 4 (5.1%)
Radiopaque 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
Mixed 2 (2.6%) 3 (3.8%)
Locularity (78 lesions)
Unilocular 9 (11.5%) 1 (1.3%)
Multilocular 60 (76.9%) 3 (3.8%)
Not Loculated (Mixed) 2 (2.6%) 3 (3.8%)

„®πÿ™ ®ß√—°…å
395
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
‡¡◊ËÕ»÷°…“¿“æ√—ß ’„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë ˆ
æ∫欓∏‘   ¿“æ„π¢“°√√‰°√≈à “ ß
ª√“°Ø‡ªìπ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’ ˆ˘ √“¬ ·≈–
‡ªì π ‡ß“º ¡√–À«à “ ߇ߓ‚ª√à ß ·≈–∑÷ ∫
√—ß ’ Ú √“¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ»÷°…“≈—°…≥–‡ß“‚ª√àß
√—ß ’∑—Èß ˆ˘ √“¬ ª√“°Ø‡ß“‡¥’ˬ« ˘ √“¬
(√âÕ¬≈– ÒÒ.ˆ) ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’À≈“¬«ß
ˆ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– ˜ˆ.˘) 欓∏‘ ¿“æ
„π¢“°√√‰°√∫π´÷Ëß¡’Õ¬Ÿà ˜ √“¬ æ∫
‡ªìπ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’ Ù √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– ı.Ò)
·≈–‡ªìπ‡ß“º ¡ Û √“¬ ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’
∑—Èß Ù √“¬ ª√“°Ø‡ªìπ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’
‡¥’ˬ« Ò √“¬ ‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’À≈“¬«ß Û
√“¬ ‡ß“º ¡∑—Èß Û √“¬‰¡àæ∫≈—°…≥–
‡ªìπ«ß Ê ·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ ·≈–æ∫¡’¢Õ∫
‰¡à™—¥‡®π∑—Èß Û √“¬
欓∏‘ ¿“æ∑’Ë„Àâ‡ß“º ¡®”π«π
ı √“¬ (¢“°√√‰°√∫π Û √“¬ ·≈–¢“
°√√‰°√≈à“ß Ú √“¬) ‡¡◊ËÕ¬âÕπ°≈—∫‰ª
»÷ ° …“°“√«‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬ ‡∫◊È Õ ßµâ π °à Õ πµ√«®
™‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕ®–‰¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬«à“ çamelo-
blastoma or fibro osseous lesioné
‡π◊ËÕß®“°≈—°…≥–¿“æ√—ß ’·≈–Õ“°“√
∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°‰¡àµà“ß°—π ·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√√–∫ÿ
¿“¬À≈—ß°“√µ√«®™‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕ«à“ çdesmo-
plastic ameloblastomaé ºŸâªÉ«¬∑—Èß ı
√“¬ ‡ªìπÀ≠‘ß Ù √“¬ ™“¬ Ò √“¬ Õ“¬ÿ
ÛÒ, Ûı, ÙÛ, ıı ·≈– ˆı µ“¡≈”¥—∫
∫√‘‡«≥¢“°√√‰°√∫π∑—Èß Û √“¬‡°‘¥„π
∫√‘‡«≥øíπÀπâ“Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« Ò √“¬ Õ’°
Ú √“¬‰¥â√—∫°“√∫—π∑÷°«à“‡ªìπ∫√‘‡«≥
 à«πÀ≈—ß ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ»÷°…“√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥≈÷°
≈߉ª°Áæ∫«à“‡ªìπ∫√‘‡«≥µ—Èß·µàøíπÀπâ“
‰ª∂÷ßøíπ°√“¡πâÕ¬ ‡√’¬°«à“ ‡ªìπ
∫√‘‡«≥ à«πÀ≈—ß∑’˧àÕπ¡“∑“ߥâ“πÀπâ“
π—Ëπ‡Õß
„π®”π«π欓∏‘ ¿“æ ˜¯ √“¬π’È
æ∫√“¬∑’Ë ‡ §¬¡’ ª √–«— µ‘ ° “√ºà “ µ— ¥ ¢Õß
欓∏‘ ¿“æπ’ÈÕÕ°‰ª·≈â« ı √“¬ ‡√’¬°
«à“‡ªìπ√“¬∑’Ë°≈—∫‡ªìπ´È” ™“¬ Ú √“¬
À≠‘ß Û √“¬ ºŸâªÉ«¬ Ú √“¬®”‰¡à‰¥â«à“
‡§¬ºà“µ—¥‰ª‡¡◊ËÕ‰√ Õ’° Ú √“¬‡§¬‰¥â
√—∫°“√ºà“µ—¥‰ª Ò ªï ·≈–Õ’° Ò √“¬
‡§¬‰¥â√—∫°“√ºà“µ—¥‰ª Ò ªï πÕ°®“°
π’È º≈°“√µ√«®™‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕ„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑—Èß ˜¯
√“¬¬—ß√–∫ÿ‡ªìπÕ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“™π‘¥
√⓬ Ù √“¬ ‡ªì𙓬 Ú √“¬ Õ“¬ÿ ÛÚ
·≈– ˆı ªï À≠‘ß Ú √“¬ Õ“¬ÿ ÛÒ ·≈–
Û˘ ªï ¢“°√√‰°√∫π Ú √“¬ ¢“°√√‰°√
≈à“ß Ú √“¬ ≈—°…≥–¿“æ√—ß ’‡ªìπ‡ß“
‚ª√àß√—ß ’À≈“¬«ß Û √“¬ Ú „π Û √“¬
π’È ¡’ ¢ 𓥄À≠à §◊ Õ ¢“°√√‰°√∫π´â“¬
‡°◊Õ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥Àπ÷Ëß√“¬ Õ’°√“¬Àπ÷Ëßµ—Èß
·µà øí π °√“¡≈à “ ߢ«“‰ª∂÷ ß §Õ𥓬≈å
¢Õ∫‰¡à™—¥‡®π  à«π√“¬∑’Ëπà“ π„®§◊Õ
À≠‘ßÕ“¬ÿ Û˘ ªï æ∫‡ß“‚ª√àß√—ß ’¢π“¥
‡≈Á ° ª≈“¬√“°øí π #ÒÛ ‰¥â √— ∫ °“√
«‘π‘®©—¬§√—Èß·√°«à“ √Õ¬‚√§ª≈“¬√“°
(periapical lesion) ®÷߉¥â√—°…“§≈Õß
√“°·≈–µ—¥ª≈“¬√“° °àÕπ‰¥â√—∫º≈°“√
µ√«®™‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕ
欓∏‘ ¿“æ¡’º≈µàÕøíπ¢â“߇§’¬ß
¿“æ√—ß ’ ≈—°…≥–∑“ߧ≈‘π‘° ·≈–‡∑§π‘§°“√∂à“¬¿“æ√—ß ’
396
¥—ßπ’ȧ◊Õ ∑”„Àâ√“°øíπ≈–≈“¬·∫∫Àπâ“
µ—¥‡√’¬∫ Û¯ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– Ù¯.˜) √“°
øíπ‰¡à≈–≈“¬ Ò˜ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– ÚÒ.¯)
øíπ∂Ÿ°∂Õπ‰ª°àÕπÀπâ“π’È ·≈–‰¡à “¡“√∂
∫àß™’È«à“√“°øíπ≈–≈“¬À√◊Õ‰¡à ÚÛ √“¬
(√âÕ¬≈– Ú˘.ı) ¡’µ«— øíπΩíß√à«¡„π欓∏‘
 ¿“æ Òı √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– Ò˘.Ú)
‡¡◊ÕË »÷°…“‡∑§π‘§¢Õß°“√∂à“¬¿“æ
√—ß ’„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë ˜ ºŸâªÉ«¬∑ÿ°√“¬‰¥â√—∫
°“√ àß∂à“¬¿“æ√—ß ’ª√‘∑—»πå (panor-
amic) ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ‡∑§π‘ § °“√«“ßøî ≈å ¡
πÕ°ª“° (extraoral) ∑’Ë„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª
‚¥¬„™â‡«≈“πâÕ¬„π°“√∂à“¬¿“æ ‡∑§π‘§
°“√∂à “ ¬¿“æ√— ß  ’ „ π™à Õ ßª“°∑’Ë æ ∫„π
ß“ππ’ȧ◊Õ ‡∑§π‘§√Õ∫√“°øíπ¡’®”π«π
ÚÚ √“¬ ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ◊ËÕ»÷°…“√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥
¢Õß欓∏‘ ¿“æ √«¡∑—Èß»÷°…“«à“¡’°“√
≈–≈“¬¢Õß√“°øíπÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ‡∑§π‘§ oc-
clusal æ∫¡’ ÒÚ √“¬ ∑—πµ·æ∑¬å„Àâ
‡Àµÿ º ≈«à “ ‡æ◊Ë Õ »÷ ° …“√“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥‡™à π
‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√∂à“¬√Õ∫√“°øíπ ‡∑§π‘§
°“√∂à“¬¿“æπÕ°™àÕߪ“°∑’‡Ë ªìπ‡∑§π‘§
∏√√¡¥“ (conventional) æ∫ PA skull
ÚÒ √“¬ lateral skull ˆ √“¬ πÕ°π—Èπ
‡ªìπ‡∑§π‘§Õ◊πË ‡™àπ Waterûs, submen-
tovertex ·≈–Õ◊Ëπ Ê √«¡ Ò √“¬  à«π
°“√∂à“¬¿“æ∑’ˇªìπ advanced imaging
‰¥â·°à CT, MR ·≈– bone scan π—Èπ
¡’πâÕ¬¡“° æ∫¡’°“√ àß∂à“¬¿“æ CT
˘ √“¬ bone scan Ò √“¬ ·µà‰¡à¡’°“√
∂à“¬¿“æ MR ‡≈¬
¢ÕßÕ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“ „πºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ëß
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

µ“√“ß∑’Ë ˜ ®”π«π‡∑§π‘§°“√∂à“¬¿“æ√—ß ’¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬∑—Èß ˜¯ √“¬ æ√âÕ¡‡Àµÿº≈ª√–°Õ∫

‡∑§π‘§°“√∂à“¬¿“æ ®”π«π ‡Àµÿº≈

Conventional imaging
Intraoral
- Periapical 22 (28.2%) ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√»÷°…“√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß
- Occlusal topographic 12 (15.4%) µ—«øíπ∫√‘‡«≥¢â“߇§’¬ß·≈–
√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß欓∏‘ ¿“æ
Extraoral
- PA skull 21 (26.9%) »÷°…“√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥∫√‘‡«≥¢“
°√√‰°√ à«πÀ≈—ß
- Lateral skull 6 (7.7%) »÷°…“√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥∫√‘‡«≥·π«
°≈“ߢ“°√√‰°√≈à“ß∑’Ë¡’欓∏‘
 ¿“æ
- Waterûs, Submentovertex, 10 (11.6%)
Lateral oblique
Advanced imaging
- CT 9 (11.5%) »÷°…“¢Õ∫‡¢µ∑’Ë·πàπÕπ¢Õß
欓∏‘ ¿“æ‡æ◊ËÕ«“ß·ºπ°“√
ºà“µ—¥
- MR 0 (0.0%)
- bone scan 1 (1.3%)  ß —¬«à“®–‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°™π‘¥√⓬
·≈– ß —¬«à“®–¡’°“√·æ√à°√–®“¬

«‘®“√≥å ·≈–¡’ · π«‚πâ ¡ „πÀ≠‘ ß ¡“°°«à “ ™“¬  ÿ¥∑’Ëæ∫„π√“¬ß“ππ’ȧ◊Õ ‡¥Á°À≠‘ßÕ“¬ÿ

®“°°“√√«∫√«¡ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬Õ–¡’ ‚ ≈-
∫≈“ ‚∑¡“‰¥â ˜¯ √“¬ „π™à«ß Ò ªï
æ∫欓∏‘   ¿“æ¡“°∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ „π™à « ßÕ“¬ÿ
Ú ™à«ß §◊Õ √–À«à“ßÕ“¬ÿ Ú-Û ·≈–
ÛÒ-Ù ªï ¡’®”π«π√«¡∑—Èß ‘Èπ ÙÙ
√“¬ ´÷Ëß„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫√“¬ß“π∑’˺à“π¡“
∫√‘‡«≥¢“°√√‰°√≈à“ßæ∫¡“°°«à“¢“
°√√‰°√∫πÒÒ-ÒÙ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– à«πÀ≈—ß
‡™à π °— π Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ “¡ ®“°®”π«πºŸâ
ªÉ«¬À≠‘ß Ù √“¬ „π®”π«π ˜¯ √“¬
¢ÕߺŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑—È ß À¡¥ ¬— ß ‰¡à Õ “® √ÿ ª ‰¥â
«à“æ∫„πÀ≠‘ß¡“°°«à“™“¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬¬—߉¡à¡“°æÕ ®÷ߢհ≈à“«
«à “ ¡’ ®”π«πæÕ Ê °—π√–À«à“ß∑—Èß Õß
‡æ» ∂÷ß·¡â«à“®–¡’√“¬ß“π«à“¡’·π«‚πâ¡
„π‡æ»À≠‘ß¡“°°«à“Òı,Òˆ Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬∑’Ë
ÒÚ ªï ∑—ßÈ ∑’‡Ë §¬¡’√“¬ß“πæ∫‰¥âµß—È ·µàÕ“¬ÿ
˘ ªï Ò˜ ·≈–‡ªì π ∑’Ë πà “  — ß ‡°µ®“°°“√
»÷°…“π’È«à“‡¡◊ËÕ¡’Õ“¬ÿ¡“°¢÷Èπ·π«‚πâ¡∑’Ë
®–æ∫„𙓬∫àÕ¬°«à“À≠‘ß πÕ°®“°π’È
¬—ß¡’√“¬ß“ππà“ π„®«à“‡™◊ÈÕ™“µ‘º‘«¥”
®–æ∫欓∏‘ ¿“æπ’È∫√‘‡«≥¢“°√√‰°√
≈à“ß à«πÀπâ“¡“°°«à“ à«πÀ≈—ßÒ˜-Ò˘
欓∏‘ ¿“æª√“°Ø„π‡π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË ÕàÕπ

„®πÿ™ ®ß√—°…å
397
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
Ú √“¬ ‡ªìπÀ≠‘ß∑—ÈߧŸà Õ“¬ÿ Úˆ ·≈– Ûı
ªï ∑—Èß Õß√“¬‡§¬‰¥â√—∫°“√∂Õπøíπ
À≈—ß„π∫√‘‡«≥¥—ß°≈à“«‰ª·≈â«À≈“¬ªï
Õ“°“√∑’ªË √“°Ø§◊Õ ‡Àß◊Õ°∫«¡‡ªìπ°âÕπ
(nodule) ∫√‘‡«≥ —π‡Àß◊Õ°∑’ˇ§¬∂Õπ
øíπ‰ª ‡¡◊ËÕ∂à“¬¿“æ√—ß ’æ∫√Õ¬À«”¢Õß
°√–¥Ÿ°¢“°√√‰°√≈à“߇ªìπ¢Õ∫À¬—° Ê
™—¥‡®π ºŸâªÉ«¬∑—Èß Õß√“¬π’È¡’Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬
°«à“∑’‡Ë §¬¡’√“¬ß“π«à“Õ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“
„π‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕÕàÕπ¡—°æ∫„π§πÕ“¬ÿ¡“°Ú
·µà„π∑“ßµ√ߢⓡ°Á‡§¬¡’√“¬ß“π«à“æ∫
Õ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“¢Õ߇π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕÕàÕπ„π
‡¥Á°Õ“¬ÿ‡æ’¬ß ÒÛ ªï √à«¡°—∫øíπ‡¢’È¬«
Ωíß„π¢“°√√‰°√≈à“ßÚÒ æ¬“∏‘ ¿“æπ’È
Õ“®¡’°“√°√–®“¬¢Õ߇´≈≈凢ⓠŸ°à √–¥Ÿ°
∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√°≈—∫‡ªìπ´È”‰¥âÚÚ √«¡∑—Èß
Õ“®°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡π◊ÕÈ ßÕ°™π‘¥√⓬‰¥â ÚÛ-Úˆ
πÕ°®“°π’È ≈— ° …≥–∑“ߧ≈‘ π‘ ° ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π
°âÕπ¬◊Ëπ‡¢â“„π™àÕߪ“°Õ“®∑”„Àâ«‘π‘®©—¬
·¬°®“°‚√§¢Õ߇π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕÕàÕπ™π‘¥Õ◊Ëπ Ê
¢Õ߇Àß◊Õ°‰¥â¬“° À“°¥Ÿ¥«â ¬µ“‡ª≈à“„π
§≈‘π‘° ¥—ßπ—È𠧫√µ√«®™‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕ∑ÿ°§√—Èß
∑’Ëæ∫µÿࡇπ◊ÈÕßÕ°¢Õ߇π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕÕàÕπÚ˜-Ú˘
 à«πÕ“°“√∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â∫àÕ¬
∑’ Ë ¥ÿ §◊Õ ∫«¡ ·¢Áß ‰¡à‡®Á∫¡’®”π«π Ÿß ÿ¥
˜Ú √“¬ (˘Ú.Û%) Õ“°“√Õ◊Ëπ Ê Õ“®
¡’∫â“ß ‡™à𠪫¥ ¡’ÀπÕ߉À≈ ·º≈∂Õπ
øíπ‰¡àÀ“¬ À√◊ÕÕ“®¡’Õ“°“√™“‰¥â„π
∫“ß√“¬ ≈—°…≥–°“√∫«¡ ·¢Á ß °¥‰¡à
‡®Á ∫ π’È ‡ ªì π ≈— ° …≥–∑’Ë æ ∫‰¥â ∑—Ë « ‰ª¢Õß
‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°‰¡à√⓬ ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷߉¡àÕ“®π”¡“„™â
‡ªì π §ÿ ≥  ¡∫— µ‘ ∑’Ë ® –«‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬ ·¬°æ¬“∏‘
 ¿“æπ’ÈÕÕ°®“°‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°‰¡à√⓬Õ◊Ëπ Ê
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 à«π‡∑§π‘§°“√∂à“¬¿“æ√—ß ’πÕ°™àÕß
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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400
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°≈“ß„∫Àπâ“„π¢“°√√‰°√∫π Õ“°“√
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∑’ˇªìπ‡ß“º ¡´÷Ëßæ∫ ı √“¬‡ªìπ≈—°…≥–
¢Õß desmoplastic ameloblastoma
´÷ßË æ∫„π¢“°√√‰°√∫π Û √“¬ ¢“°√√-
‰°√≈à“ß Ú √“¬ 欓∏‘ ¿“æ à«π„À≠à
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Õ◊Ë𠇙àπ ¿“æ√—ß ’√Õ∫√“°øíπ, ‚∑‚æ
°√“øî°, PA skull, Lateral skull ·≈–
Õ◊Ë π Ê  ”À√—∫ advance imaging π—È π
¿“æ CT ‰¥â√—∫°“√ àß∂à“¬¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ
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欓∏‘ ¿“æ°àÕπ∑”°“√ºà“µ—¥
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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Abstract Radiological, Clinical Features, and Imaging Technique of Ameloblastoma in Mahidol Dental School,
Thailand
Chainut Chongruk
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Thailand

Seventy-eight cases of ameloblastoma of the jaw within a 10 year period were presented. There
were 40 females and 38 males with a female-to-male-ratio of 1.4 : 1 . Age range from 12 to 65 years old
with the peak incidence in the third and fourth decades of life. The mandible (91%) was involved
more than maxilla, especially in the posterior region. Swelling or expansion was reported in 92.3%
and was the most prevalent clinical manifestation. Lesions were multilocular in 80.7%, unilocular in
12.9% and mixed lesion of 6.4%. Fifteen lesions (19.1%) were associated with the impaction. Four
malignant and five recurrent cases were reported. Panoramic was found to be the imaging of choice
in all cases. Periapical and tomographic were used for studying the detail. PA skull (26.9%) and lateral
skull (7.7%) were those extraoral conventional techniques to fulfill the requirement of studying the
detail. CT imagings were used in 9 cases (11.5%) in order to assess the extent of the lesion.

Key word : ameloblastoma

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¢ÕßÕ–¡’‚≈∫≈“ ‚∑¡“ „πºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ëß
402
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

The Influence of Stages of Floral W. Wongkaew1

Associate Fellow of the Academy
Development on Essential Oil of Science, The Royal Institute,
Thailand
K. Chiangthong2
Composition in Cananga odorata
(Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson var.
fruticosa (Craib) J. Sinclair*
Abstract
The stages of floral development showed little effect on essential oil component in Cananga
odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson var. fruticosa (Craib) J. Sinclair. The flowers, however, emit different
volatile compounds at different stages of development. The odour is more floral at the mature stage than
the early one. This floral type is the one of commercial value. Further study is needed to rectify the
contradicting result.

Key words : essential oil, Cananga odorata var. fruticosa, stages floral development

Introduction
Thailand is enriched with plant
diversity amounting to 11,000 spe-
cies of vascular plants many of which
produce essential oils. Essential oils
are natural compounds found in parts
of plants and animals. The world
population is now moving into an era
with increasing demand for naturally
grown products with minimal use of
synthetic chemicals both in agricul-
ture and for other purposes. There-
fore, essential oils are of potentially
economic importance, especially in
the spa business for health and
beauty. However, some essential oils
available in the spa market are still
very expensive. Since most ylang-
ylang oil is produced in Mardagascar,
this study is part of a project to search
for low-cost, essential oils-bearing
plant such as Kradang-nga Songkhla
which can be a potentially alternative
crop for Thai farmers. This species
is native to Thailand but unknown
in the perfume industry, unlike the
ylang-ylang or Kradang-nga Thai
(Cananga odorata var. odorata)
which yields pleasant odour suitable
for commercial use. If Kradang-nga
Songkhla (Cananga odorata var.
fruticosa) can be an alternative crop
for Kradang-nga Thai, it will be very
convenient to cultivate and collect
essential oil since Kradang-nga
Songkhla is a shrub with easy-to-root

* Presented at the meeting of the Academy of Sience, The Royal Institute on October 16, 2003
1
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bang Khen Campus
2
Department of Biology, Rajabhat University, Kanchanaburi

W. Wongkaew, K. Chiangthong
403
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
cuttings which flowers readily as
compared to the woody Kradang-nga
Thai.
Materials and Methods
Plant Material
Sixty out of 100 potted plants
grown in 10 inches pot for 2 months
were selected for experimental ma-
terial. Plant cuttings were obtain-
able at Chatuchak market.
Experimental Design
Completely randomized design
was used by lottery technique.
Determination of flower num-
ber and fresh weight were done by
tagging every flower to be counted
and recorded on the first day of the
month. At the end of the season, total
number of flowers and fresh weight
were calculated.
Seasons were determined as
summer (March-June), rainy season
(July-October) and winter (Novem-
ber-February)
Essential oil study
Flowers were collected in the
summer, rainy and winter for
essential oil extraction which will
be analysed by GC and GC-MS.
Extraction was done by steam
distillation, solvent extraction with
dichloromethane, reagent grade.
GC used in this experiment is CP-
9001 (Chrompack) GC column was
HP-5 fused silica capillary column
(30 m Ó 0.25 mm. Ó 0.25 micromill.)
produced by J and W Scientific Co,
ltd. FID detector was used. Tempera-
ture program was set at 45 degree
celsius increasing at the rate of 3
degree C/min from 40-220 degree
celsius and maintain temperature
at 220 for 10 minutes. Injector tem-
perature was set at 230 degree
celsius while the detector was set at
240. Helium was the carrier gasat
the rate of 2 ml/min. working on split
mode at the ratio of 1:100. Injection
volume was 1 ul.
GC-MS used is the product of
Varian model STAR 3400 Cx.
with column HP-5 with the same
temperature program as the one
used in GC. Injector temperature
was 230 and 270 for interface line.
Carrier gas is helium at the rate of
2 ml/min., working as split mode in
the ratio of 1:100. Injection volume
was 0.3 ul. MS is SATURN 4 D made
by varian directly coupled with GC.
lon source was set at 230 and aver-
age electron energy was 70 eV.
Identification of each compound
of the essential oil was done by com-
paring the retention indices and mass
spectra compared with NIST library
computerized in the GC-MS set up.
Determination of the quantity
of the component was done by
calculating percentage of peak area
in GC chromatograms, computerized
by normalization method from the
equation.
% A = area under peak Ó 100
total peak area
Experimental Site
Analysis was done in KU labor-
atory both at Kamphaeng Saen and
Bang Khen Campus. Field work was
done in Kanchanaburi.
The Influence of Stages of Floral Development on
Essential Oil Composition in Cananga odorata (Lam.)
Hook.f. & Thomson var. fruticosa (Craib) J. Sinclair
404
Result and Discussion
The floral development in
Cananga odorata or Kradang-nga
Thai was first observed from floral
bud to green stage in 14-21 days and
then from green to greennish yellow
and finally yellow in about 20-25
days, when the petal base developed
a reddish spots. This is the stage
ready for flower harvest (Weiss
1997), but the situation is different
in Cananga odorata var. fruticosa
which last 38 - 46 days for full
maturity ready to harvest. This dif-
ferences may be due to genetics and/
or environmental factors. (Figure 13)
Essential oil composition of
Kradang-nga Songkhla seemed to
exhibit little degree of differences,
during stages of floral development.
At the floral green, yellowish green,
greenish yellow and yellow stages,
the most abundant compound
of the essential oils were mainly
the same. The most abundant was
α-farnesene. Other compounds with
high amount are N-amylpyrrole, β-
caryophyllene and germacrene D.
Ding, et al (1988) also found similar
essential oil composition. The highest
one was β-caryophyllene followed
by r-muurole, α-farnesene and α-
humulene respectively. Hudaib, et al
(2002) studied essential oil harvested
from 2 year and 5 year old thyme in
the same season, both yielded thymol
at the highest level in June and July.
Overton and Manura (2002) found
that essential oil of chrysanthemum
increased as flowers became more
mature, perhaps due to increasing
growth rate and as a consequence,
increasing metabolism.

It is suggested here that Kra-
dang-nga Songkhla yields essential
oil in flower since the green stage and
gradually emits the volatile oils
towards the mature stage because of
more accumulation of noticeable
component. However, from the
human perception the odour become
more floral as the flowers mature.
Further study is needed to rectify this
difference.
Figure 1 GC Chromatogram of 26 components in essential oils from flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa
collected in summer at green stage.
W. Wongkaew, K. Chiangthong
Reference
Ding, J., Y. Yi, Y. Wu, Z. Lin and S. Dao.
1988. Studies on the constituents of
the essential oils from Cananga
odorata in the different varieties and
the flowered periods. Acta Botanica
Yunnanica. 10 : 331-334.
Hudaib, M., Speroni, A.M.D. Pietra and
V. Cavrini. 2002. GC/MS evaluation of
thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil com-
405
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
position and variations during the veg-
etative cycle. J. Pharm. Biomed.
Anal. 29 : 691-700.
Overton, S.V. and J.J. Manura. 2003. Sea-
sonal variation in flower volatiles.
Available Source : http : //www.
Sisweb.com/reference/applnote/
app-5.5htm, April 3, 2003.
Weiss, E.A. 1997. Essential Oil Crops.
Cab international, New York.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

Figure 2 GC Chromatogram of 26 components in essential oils from flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa
collected in summer at yellowish green stage.

Figure 3 GC Chromatogram of 26 components in essential oils from flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa
collected in summer at the greenish yellow stage.

The Influence of Stages of Floral Development on

Essential Oil Composition in Cananga odorata (Lam.)
Hook.f. & Thomson var. fruticosa (Craib) J. Sinclair
406
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

Figure 4 GC Chromatogram of 26 components in essential oils from flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa
collected in summer at yellow stage.

Figure 5 GC Chromatogram of 26 components in essential oils from flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa
collected in the rainy season at green stage.

W. Wongkaew, K. Chiangthong
407
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

Figure 6 GC Chromatogram of 26 components in essential oils from flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa
collected in the rainy season at yellowish green stage.

Figure 7 GC Chromatogram of 26 components in essential oils from flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa
collected in the rainy season at greenish yellow stage.

The Influence of Stages of Floral Development on

Essential Oil Composition in Cananga odorata (Lam.)
Hook.f. & Thomson var. fruticosa (Craib) J. Sinclair
408
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

Figure 8 GC Chromatogram of 26 components in essential oils from flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa
collected in the rainy season at yellow stage.

Figure 9 GC Chromatogram of 26 components in essential oils from flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa
collected in the winter at green stage.

W. Wongkaew, K. Chiangthong
409
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

Figure 10 GC Chromatogram of 26 components in essential oils from flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa
collected in the winter at yellowish green stage.

Figure 11 GC Chromatogram of 26 components in essential oils from flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa
collected in the winter at greenish yellow stage.

The Influence of Stages of Floral Development on

Essential Oil Composition in Cananga odorata (Lam.)
Hook.f. & Thomson var. fruticosa (Craib) J. Sinclair
410
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

Figure 12 GC Chromatogram of 26 components in essential oils from flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa
collected in the winter at yellow stage.

W. Wongkaew, K. Chiangthong
411
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

Figure 13 Photographs showing different stages of floral development of Kradang-nga Songkhla.

The Influence of Stages of Floral Development on

Essential Oil Composition in Cananga odorata (Lam.)
Hook.f. & Thomson var. fruticosa (Craib) J. Sinclair
412
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413
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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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°“√„™â°√–¥Ÿ°·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª≈Ÿ°¢â“¡§π√—°…“‚√§°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß
414
¢â“¡§π∑’Ë„™â„π°“√ºà“µ—¥‡ªìπ ı °≈ÿà¡
§◊ Õ °≈ÿà ¡ ∑’Ë Ò „™â°√–¥Ÿ°™π‘¥‡¬Áπ·Àâß
´÷Ë ß „ à ‡  √‘ ¡ À√◊ Õ „™â √à « ¡°— ∫ °√–¥Ÿ ° ¢Õß
µ—«ºŸâªÉ«¬‡Õß (autograft) °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ú „™â
°√–¥Ÿ ° ™π‘ ¥ ·™à · ¢Á ß ∑’Ë Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ µË” ´÷Ë ß ¡’
∑—ßÈ ·∫∫·∑àß (strut) ·≈–·∫∫™‘πÈ (block/
chip) °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Û „™â°√–¥Ÿ°‡¬Áπ·Àâß·≈–
°√–¥Ÿ°·™à·¢Áß√à«¡°—π °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ù „™â‡¬◊ËÕ
Àÿâ¡ ¡Õß™π‘¥·Àâß ·≈– °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë ı „™â
°√–¥Ÿ°‡º“¥â«¬§«“¡√âÕπ Ÿß ¡’ · æ∑¬å
ºŸâ√à«¡‚§√ß°“√π”°√–¥Ÿ°·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ
ª≈Ÿ ° ¢â “ ¡§π‰ª„™â ºà “ µ— ¥ √— ° …“ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬
®”π«π ¯˘ §π ®“°‚√ß欓∫“≈ Û ‚√ß
·≈–·∫àß°≈ÿà¡‚√§∑“ß°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß∑’Ë
µâ Õ ß„™â ° √–¥Ÿ ° ·≈–‡π◊È Õ ‡¬◊Ë Õ ª≈Ÿ ° ¢â “ ¡
§π„π°“√ºà“µ—¥√—°…“ÕÕ°‡ªìπ ¯ °≈ÿà¡
‚√§ §◊Õ °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ò °≈ÿà¡‚√§√Ÿªæ‘°“√¢Õß
°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß (deformity) ®”π«π
ÛÚ¯ §π °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ú ‚√§¢âÕ‡ ◊ËÕ¡ (de-
generative) ÚÚ §π °≈ÿà ¡ ∑’Ë Û °“√
∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’°Ë √–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß (injury) ®”π«π
ÒÚˆ §π °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ù ‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ (infec-
tion) ®”π«π Ú˜ §π °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë ı ‚√§
‡π◊ÕÈ ßÕ°·≈–¡–‡√Áß (tumor) ®”π«π Ú
§π °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë ˆ ‚√§¢âÕÕ—°‡ ∫√Ÿ¡“∑Õ¬¥å
(rheumatoid arthritis) ®”π«π Ù §π
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë ˜ °≈ÿà¡‚√§æ‘°“√·µà°”‡π‘¥ (con-
genital) Ò §π °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë ¯ ‰¡à√–∫ÿ‚√§
®”π«π ˜ §π
«‘ ∏’ ° “√ºà “ µ— ¥ „ à ° √–¥Ÿ ° ·≈–‡π◊È Õ
‡¬◊ËÕª≈Ÿ°¢â“¡§π‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ
‚√§¥—ß°≈à“«¡’À≈“¬«‘∏’´÷Ëß·∫à߇ªìπ°≈ÿà¡
‰¥â¥—ßπ’È
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ò °“√ºà“µ—¥∑“ߥâ“πÀπâ“ (anterior technique) ®”π«π Ò˘Û §π

·¬°‡ªìπ„™â‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ¬÷¥µ√÷ß°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß (spinal instrumentation) ®”π«π Òı §π
‰¡à„™â ®”π«π ¯¯ §π
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ú °“√ºà“µ—¥‡™◊ËÕ¡°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß∑“ߥâ“πÀ≈—ß (posterior fusion) ®”π«π ÙÚ §π
·¬°‡ªìπ„™â spinal instrumentation ®”π«π Ú˘˜ §π
‰¡à„™â ®”π«π Òı §π
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Û °“√ºà“µ—¥¥â“πÀπâ“·≈–¥â“πÀ≈—ß√à«¡°—π (combined technique) ®”π«π ˆ §π
·¬°‡ªìπ„™â spinal instrumentation ®”π«π Û §π
‰¡à„™â ®”π«π Û §π
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ù ‰¡à√–∫ÿ«‘∏’°“√ºà“µ—¥ (unidentified technique) ∑’Ë„™â spinal instrumentation ®”π«π Ù §π
·≈–‰¡à “¡“√∂√–∫ÿ«‘∏’°“√‰¥â ®”π«π ÒÒ §π

º≈°“√»÷°…“ §π À√◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– ÙÙ.˜ı ‚¥¬®”·π° ∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ√–À«à“ß ÒÒ-Ú ªï¡’Õ—µ√“°“√

ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√ºà“µ—¥√—°…“‚√§
∑“ß°√–¥Ÿ °  — π À≈— ß ¥â « ¬°√–¥Ÿ ° ·≈–
‡π◊ÈÕ ‡¬◊ËÕ ª≈Ÿ° ¢â“ ¡§π¡’ ∑—Èß À¡¥®”π«π
˜Òı §π æ∫«à“‡ªìπ‡æ»À≠‘ß Û˘ı §π
À√◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– ıı.Úı ·≈–‡æ»™“¬ ÛÚ
‡ªìπºŸâªÉ«¬∑“ߥâ“π»—≈¬°√√¡ÕÕ√å‚∏-
ªî¥‘° åœ √âÕ¬≈– ˆˆ.ˆ (Ù˜ˆ §π) ·≈–
∑“ߥ⠓ π»— ≈ ¬°√√¡ª√– “∑√â Õ ¬≈–
ÛÛ.Ù (ÚÛ˘ §π) ºŸâªÉ«¬¡’Õ“¬ÿµ—Èß·µà
Ò-¯ı ªï ·≈–„π®”π«ππ’Èæ∫«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬
„™â®”π«π¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ Ò˘Û §π §‘¥
‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– Úˆ.˘˘ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ™à«ß
Õ“¬ÿ√–À«à“ß ıÒ-ˆ ªï ¡’ Òı §π§‘¥
‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ÒÙ.ˆ¯ (µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ·≈–√Ÿª
∑’Ë Ò)

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò · ¥ß®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬®”·π°µ“¡‡æ»·≈–Õ“¬ÿ

™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ ™“¬ À≠‘ß √«¡ √âÕ¬≈–

Ò-Ò Ú¯ ÛÒ ı˘ ¯.Úı
ÒÒ-Ú ıÛ ÒÙ Ò˘Û Úˆ.˘˘
ÚÒ-Û ÛÛ ÚÛ ıˆ ˜.¯Û
ÛÒ-Ù Ùı Ú˜ ˜Ú Ò.Ò
ÙÒ-ı Ù˜ Ù¯ ˘ı ÒÛ.Ú¯
ıÒ-ˆ ıÙ ıÒ Òı ÒÙ.ˆ¯
ˆÒ-˜ Ù ıÙ ˘Ù ÒÛ.ÒÙ
˜Ò-¯ı Ú ÚÒ ÙÒ ı.˜Û
√«¡ ÛÚ Û˘ı ˜Òı Ò

¬ß¬ÿ∑∏ «—™√¥ÿ≈¬å ·≈–§≥–

415
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

ÒÙ
ÒÚ
Ò
¯
‡æ»™“¬
ˆ ‡æ»À≠‘ß
Ù
Ú

Ò-Ò ªï ÒÒ-Ú ªï ÚÒ-Û ªï ÛÒ-Ù ªï ÙÒ-ı ªï ıÒ-ˆ ªï ˆÒ-˜ ªï ˜Ò-¯ ªï

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘· ¥ß§«“¡·µ°µà“ߢÕß®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬√–À«à“߇滙“¬°—∫‡æ»À≠‘ß

 “¡“√∂·¬°™π‘¥¢Õß°√–¥Ÿ°·≈– (autograft) √âÕ¬≈– ˜¯.˘ (ıˆÙ §π) ·≈–°√–¥Ÿ°·™à·¢Áß´÷Ëß„™â√à«¡°—π√âÕ¬≈–

‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊Ë Õª≈Ÿ °¢â“¡§π∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â „π°“√ °√–¥Ÿ ° ™π‘ ¥ ·™à · ¢Á ß ∑’Ë ‡ °Á ∫ √— ° …“„π Ù.Ò (Ú˘ §π) „™â ‡ ¬◊Ë Õ Àÿâ ¡  ¡Õß™π‘ ¥
ºà “ µ— ¥ √— ° …“ÕÕ°‡ªì π ı °≈ÿà ¡ ‰¥â ¥— ß π’È Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ µË” ´÷Ë ß ¡’ ∑—È ß ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ·∫∫·∑à ß ‡¬Á π ·Àâ ß √â Õ ¬≈– .ˆ (Ù §π) ·≈–„™â
§◊ Õ °√–¥Ÿ ° ™π‘ ¥ ‡¬Á π ·Àâ ß ´÷Ë ß „ à ‡  √‘ ¡ (strut) ·≈–·∫∫™‘Èπ (block/chip) √âÕ¬ °√–¥Ÿ°‡º“¥â«¬§«“¡√âÕπ Ÿß√âÕ¬≈– .Ú
À√◊Õ„™â√à«¡°—∫°√–¥Ÿ°¢Õßµ—«ºŸâªÉ«¬‡Õß ≈– Òˆ.Ú (ÒÒˆ §π) °√–¥Ÿ°‡¬Áπ·Àâß (Ú §π)

°√–¥Ÿ°™π‘¥‡¬Áπ·Àâß (√âÕ¬≈– ˜¯.˘)

- „™â√à«¡°—∫°√–¥Ÿ°ºŸâªÉ«¬ ®”π«π Ú §π
- ‰¡à„™â√à«¡°—∫°√–¥Ÿ°ºŸâªÉ«¬ ®”π«π ıˆÚ §π
°√–¥Ÿ°™π‘¥·™à·¢Áß (√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ.Ú)
- ·∫∫·∑àß (strut) ®”π«π Û˜ §π
- ·∫∫·∑à߇≈Á° (block/chip) ®”π«π ˜˘ §π
°√–¥Ÿ°‡¬Áπ·Àâß√à«¡°—∫°√–¥Ÿ°·™à·¢Áß (√âÕ¬≈– Ù.Ò) ®”π«π Ú˘ §π

‡¬◊ËÕÀÿâ¡ ¡Õß™π‘¥‡¬Áπ·Àâß (√âÕ¬≈– .ˆ) ®”π«π Ù §π

°√–¥Ÿ°‡º“¥â«¬§«“¡√âÕπ Ÿß (√âÕ¬≈– .Ú) ®”π«π Ú §π

»—≈¬·æ∑¬å∑√’Ë «à ¡‚§√ß°“√π”°√–¥Ÿ°·≈–‡π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË ª≈Ÿ°¢â“¡§π‰ª„™âº“à µ—¥√—°…“ºŸªâ «É ¬∑’‡Ë ªìπ‚√§°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß„π‚√ß欓∫“≈

Û ‚√ß ·≈–»—≈¬·æ∑¬å√à«¡‚§√ß°“√ ¯˘ §π (µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú)

°“√„™â°√–¥Ÿ°·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª≈Ÿ°¢â“¡§π√—°…“‚√§°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß
416
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú · ¥ß®”π«π‚√ß欓∫“≈ ·æ∑¬å ·≈–ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë„™â°√–¥Ÿ°·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª≈Ÿ°¢â“¡§π„π°“√ºà“µ—¥°√–¥Ÿ°

 —πÀ≈—ß

Institute Hospitals Surgeons Patients

University Hospital (Ministry of Education) 3 36 492
Medical Center Hospital (Ministry of Public Health) 12 31 127
Private Hospital 10 12 52
Bangkok Metropolitan Hospital 2 6 40
Military Hospital (Ministry of Defense) 2 3 3
Military Hospital (Indonesia) 1 1 1
Total 30 89 715

‚√§∑“ß°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß∑’Ë¡’°“√„™â°√–¥Ÿ°·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª≈Ÿ°¢â“¡§π„π°“√ºà“µ—¥√—°…“·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ°≈ÿࡉ¥â ¯ °≈ÿà¡ §◊Õ

Ò. °≈ÿà¡‚√§√Ÿªæ‘°“√¢Õß°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß (deformity) ÛÚ¯ §π (Ùı.¯˜%)
- ‚√§°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ߧ¥ (scoliosis) ÚÙÙ
- ¿“«–°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—߇≈◊ËÕπµ—« (spondylolisthesis) ˜ˆ
- ‚√§°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß‚°àß (kyphosis) ¯
Ú. °≈ÿà¡‚√§¢âÕ‡ ◊ËÕ¡ (degenerative) ÚÚ §π (Ú¯.Úı%)
- ‚√§°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—߇ ◊ËÕ¡ (spondylosis) ÒÙ
- ‚√§™àÕ߉¢°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ßµ’∫ (stenosis) Û˜
- ‚√§À¡Õπ√Õß°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß‚ª√àß (HNP) ÚÙ
- ‚√§°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß‚ª√àß∫“ß (osteoporosis) Ò
Û. °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß (injury) ÒÚˆ §π (Ò˜.ˆÚ%)
- °√–¥Ÿ°À—° (fracture) ÒÒÛ
- ¿“«–¢âÕ‡ ◊ËÕ¡ (subluxation) ÒÛ
Ù. °≈ÿà¡‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ (infection) Ú˜ §π (Û.˜¯%)
- «—≥‚√§°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß (tuberculosis) Úˆ
- ‚√§°√–¥Ÿ°Õ—°‡ ∫‡ªìπÀπÕß (osteomyelitis) Ò
ı. ‚√§‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°·≈–¡–‡√Áß (tumor) Ú §π (Ú.¯%)
- ¡–‡√Áß·æ√à°√–®“¬∑’Ë°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß (metastasis carcinoma) ˜
- ‚√§‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°‡ âπª√– “∑∑—Ë«°“¬ (neurofibromatosis) ı
- ‚√§‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°„π‰¢ —πÀ≈—ß (intramedullary tumor) Û
- √Õ¬‚√§∑’Ë°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß ≈“¬µ—« (osteolytic lesion) Ú
- ‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°‰¢¡—π (lipoma) Ò

¬ß¬ÿ∑∏ «—™√¥ÿ≈¬å ·≈–§≥–

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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

- ‡¬◊ËÕÀÿ⡉¢ —πÀ≈—߇ªìπ∂ÿß‚ªÉß (lipomyelomeningocele) Ò
- ‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°‡¬◊ËÕÀÿ⡉¢ —πÀ≈—ß (meningioma) Ò
ˆ. ‚√§¢âÕÕ—°‡ ∫√Ÿ¡“∑Õ¬¥å (rheumatoid arthritis) Ù §π (.ıˆ%)
˜. °≈ÿà¡‚√§æ‘°“√·µà°”‡π‘¥ (congenital) Ò §π (.ÒÙ%)
¿“«–°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ߧ√÷ËßÕ—π (hemivertebrae) Ò
¯. ‰¡à√–∫ÿ‚√§ (not identified) ˜ §π (.˘¯%)

 ”À√— ∫ «‘ ∏’ ° “√ºà “ µ— ¥ „ à ° √–¥Ÿ °
·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª≈Ÿ°¢â“¡§π∑’Ë»—≈¬·æ∑¬å
„™â„π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È  “¡“√∂·∫àßÕÕ°
‡ªìπ Û °≈ÿà¡«‘∏’ §◊Õ °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ò anterior
technique ¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬®”π«π Ò˘˘ §π
§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÚ.¯˘ „™â spinal instru-
mentation ®”π«π Ò¯ §π (√âÕ¬≈–
Ò˜.¯ı ·≈–‰¡à„™â spinal instrumenta-
tion ®”π«π ˘Ò §π (√âÕ¬≈– Òı.Ù)
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ú posterior technique ¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬
ÙÚ §π §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ˆˆ.Ùı „™â
spinal instrumentation ®”π«π Ú˘˜
§π (√âÕ¬≈– Ù˘.˘) ·≈–‰¡à„™â spinal
instrumentation ®”π«π Òı §π (√âÕ¬
≈– Ò˜.Ûˆ) °≈ÿà ¡ ∑’Ë Û combined
technique ®”π«π ˆ §π (√âÕ¬≈– .˘˘)
„™â spinal instrumentation ®”π«π Û §π
(√âÕ¬≈– .Ù˘) ·≈–‰¡à„™â spinal in-
strumentation ®”π«π Û §π (√âÕ¬≈–
.Ù˘) °≈ÿà ¡ ∑’Ë Ù ‰¡à   “¡“√∂√–∫ÿ «‘ ∏’
°“√‰¥â ®”π«π Ù §π ´÷Ë ß „™â spinal
instrumentation ∑—È ß  ‘È π ·≈–¡’ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬
Õ’°®”π«π ÒÒ §π ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ∑ √“∫√“¬
≈–‡Õ’¬¥ °“√ºà“µ—¥‡π◊ËÕß®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‰¡à
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥å (µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û)

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û · ¥ß°“√®”·π°ºŸâªÉ«¬µ“¡«‘∏’°“√ºà“µ—¥

Operation Spinal instrumentation

Patients Percentage
management Yes % No %
Anterior technique 193 31.90 105 17.36 88 14.55
Posterior technique 402 66.45 297 49.09 105 17.36
Combined technique 6 0.99 3 0.495 3 0.495
Unidentified technique 4 0.66 4 0.66 - -
Total 605 100 409 67.6 196 32.4

„π°“√»÷°…“§√—ßÈ π’‰È ¡à‰¥â√∫— √“¬ß“π °√–¥Ÿ°µ‘¥∑ÿ°§π ·≈–‰¡à¡’¿“«–·∑√° ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ‚√§∑“ß°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ߧ◊Õ

§«“¡≈⡇À≈«„π°“√‡™◊ËÕ¡µ‘¥ (fusion
ate) ·≈–°“√‡°‘¥¿“«–·∑√°´âÕπ¿“¬
À≈— ß ®“°ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬‰¥â √— ∫ °“√ºà “ µ— ¥ √— ° …“
¥â « ¬°√–¥Ÿ ° ·≈–‡π◊È Õ ‡¬◊Ë Õ ª≈Ÿ ° ¢â “ ¡§π
‰ª·≈â«®“°»—≈¬·æ∑¬åºŸâ„™â ®÷ßπ—∫‰¥â
«à “ °“√„™â ° √–¥Ÿ ° ª≈Ÿ ° ¢â “ ¡§π‰¥â º ≈¥’
´âÕπÕ◊Ëπ Ê ‡™àπ ·º≈‡ªìπÀπÕß À√◊Õ¡’
°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥
«‘®“√≥å
§«“¡®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß„™â ° √–¥Ÿ ° ·≈–
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª≈Ÿ°¢â“¡§π„π°“√ºà“µ—¥√—°…“
ºŸªâ «É ¬∑’‰Ë ¡à “¡“√∂„™â°√–¥Ÿ°¢Õßµπ‡Õß
‰¥â‡æ’¬ßæÕ √«¡∂÷ß°√≥’∑µ’Ë Õâ ß„™â°√–¥Ÿ°
·∫∫ block ´÷Ë ß µâ Õ ßπ”¡“®“°ºŸâ Õ◊Ë π
‡π◊ËÕß®“°∂â“„™â¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‡Õß®–∑”„Àâ
ºŸâªÉ«¬µâÕ߇®Á∫À≈“¬∑’Ë ·≈–„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë
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419
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

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Abstract Use of Bone and Tissue Allograft in Treatment of Patients with Spinal Disorder
Yongyudh Vajaradul
Fellow of The Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Thailand
Salyapong Sanphakit
Rathathai Maungtham

The first bone allograft application in spine surgery was performed on 3 rd October, 1985.
There were 715 with 395 female and 320 male patients. Orthopaedics related spine surgery patients
were 476 cases (66.6%) and neurosurgery oriented patients was 293 cases (33.4%). The maximum age
range of the operated patients was 11-20 years 193 cases (26.99%), the next age range was 51-60 years
105 cases (14.68%). Most of the allograft use in this study were freeze dried bone allograft that is 564
cases (78.9%), deep frozen bone allograft 116 cases (16.2%), combined freeze dried and deep frozen
bone allograft 29 cases (4.1%), freeze dried dura mater 4 cases (0.6%) and 2 cases (0.2%) human bone
hydroxyapatite. The often operated cases were deformity 328 cases (45.87%) and most of them were
scoliosis (244 cases). There were 402 cases (66.45%) in posterior fusion technique. There is no report
of complication from the surgeons.

Key word : allograft, spine surgery

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420
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¢â“¡°—∫ª√–™“°√ §«“¡®”°—¥„πª√–‡¿∑
·≈–ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∑”
„Àâ¡°’ “√À“«‘∏°’ “√∑’®Ë –‡Õ“™π–∏√√¡™“µ‘
¥â«¬°“√§‘¥§âπ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’„À¡à Ê ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
 “¡“√∂· «ßÀ“∑√—欓°√‰¥â¡“°¢÷Èπ
º≈‡™◊Ë Õ ¡‚¬ß∑’Ë µ “¡¡“§◊ Õ  ¡¥ÿ ≈ ∑“ß
∏√√¡™“µ‘∂°Ÿ ∑”≈“¬ „π¢≥–∑’Ë∑√—欓°√
∏√√¡™“µ‘‡√‘Ë¡√àÕ¬À√Õ  ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡
‡Õß°Á ‡ √‘Ë ¡ ‡ ◊Ë Õ ¡‚∑√¡¡“°¢÷È π ∑ÿ ° ¢≥–
∑«’§≥ Ÿ
ªí®®ÿ∫π— ª√–™“§¡‚≈°µ√–Àπ—°·≈–
‡ÀÁ𧫓¡ ”§—≠«à“À“°ª≈àÕ¬„Àâ«°‘ ƒµ‘-
°“√≥å ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¬—ߧߪ√“°ØÕ¬à“ßµàÕ
‡π◊Ë Õ ßµà Õ ‰ª‚¥¬‰¡à ¡’ ° “√À“¡“µ√°“√
„π°“√≈¥À√◊Õ·°âªí≠À“§«“¡·µ° ≈“¬
∑“ß𑇫»«‘∑¬“ (ecological crash) Õ“®
Õÿ∫—µ‘¢÷Èπ°—∫‚≈°¢Õ߇√“‰¥â ´÷Ëßπ—ËπÀ¡“¬
∂÷ß√–∫∫‡°◊ÈÕÀπÿπ™’«‘µ∑ÿ°™’«‘µ (life-
supporting systems) ‰¡à “¡“√∂∑”
Àπâ“∑’˵àÕ‰ª‰¥â π—Ëπ§◊Õ Õ« “π¢Õß ‘Ëß¡’
™’«µ‘ ∑ÿ°™π‘¥∫πæ◊πÈ ‚≈° „π™à«ß‡«≈“√“«
Ú ªï∑º’Ë “à π¡“ ‰¥â¡°’ “√·π–π”¡“µ√°“√
„π°“√®— ¥ °“√¡πÿ … ¬å · ≈– ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡
À≈“¬¡“µ√°“√ Ÿà°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘‚¥¬À«—ß«à“
‚≈°¢Õ߇√“®–§ßÕ¬ŸàµàÕ‰ª‰¥âÕ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π
¡“µ√°“√¥—ß°≈à“«¡’∑—Èß¡“µ√°“√∑’ˇπâπ
«‘∏’°“√∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡“µ√°“√‡™‘ß
»“ π“·≈–‡∑«π‘¬¡ ¡“µ√°“√∑“ß —ߧ¡-
‡»√…∞°‘® ·≈–¡“µ√°“√µ“¡°√–· ‚≈°
¡“µ√°“√‡À≈à“π’È„™â‰¥âº≈„π°“√≈¥·≈–
·°âªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥â„π√–¥—∫∑’Ë·µ°
µà“ß°—π‰ª„π·µà≈–ª√–‡∑»·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§
¢Õß‚≈°∑’Ë¡’∫√‘∫∑∑“ß°“¬¿“æ  —ߧ¡-
‡»√…∞°‘ ® «— ≤ π∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß
·µ°µà “ ß°— π  ”À√— ∫∫∑§«“¡π’È ® –„Àâ
§«“¡ ”§— ≠ ‡©æ“–°— ∫ ¡“µ√°“√∑“ß
 —ߧ¡-‡»√…∞°‘® ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß
°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈°√–∑∫¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡
À√◊ Õ Õ’ ‰ Õ‡Õ (Environmental Impact
Assessment-EIA) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¡“µ√°“√
 “°≈∑’¡Ë °’ “√„™âÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß„πÀ≈“¬ Ê
ª√–‡∑»‡æ◊ËÕ«‘‡§√“–Àå«à“ ‚§√ß°“√À√◊Õ
°‘®°√√¡°“√æ—≤π“„¥ Ê °Áµ“¡∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥
¢÷È π ¡’ º ≈°√–∑∫¥â “ π ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡·≈–
 —ߧ¡¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß‰√
422
∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈–§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß
Õ’‰Õ‡Õ
ë ∏√√¡™“µ‘¢ÕßÕ’‰Õ‡Õ
¡’ § πÕ’ ° ®”π«π¡“°∑’Ë ‡ ¢â “ „®
∏√√¡™“µ‘¢ÕßÕ’‰Õ‡Õ§≈“¥‡§≈◊ÕË π À≈“¬
§π§‘¥·≈–‡¢â“„®«à“ Õ’‰Õ‡Õ §◊Õ à«πÀπ÷ßË
¢Õß‚§√ß°“√À√◊Õ °‘® °√√¡°“√æ—≤ π“
‡¡◊ÕË ¡’°“√«à“®â“ß∑’ªË √÷°…“„À⮥— ∑”Õ’‰Õ‡Õ
· ¥ß«à“¡’°“√Õπÿ¡—µ‘„À⥔‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√
À√◊Õ°‘®°√√¡°“√æ—≤π“·≈â« ‚¥¬¡’Õ’‰Õ
‡Õ‡ªì π °‘ ® °√√¡·√°¢Õß°“√¥”‡π‘ π
‚§√ß°“√π—Èπ ª√–‡¥Áππ’ȇÕß∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥
§«“¡‡¢â“„®º‘¥·≈–‡°‘¥°“√µàÕµâ“π®“°
∫ÿ§§≈ °≈ÿà¡∫ÿ§§≈ ·≈–/À√◊ÕÕߧå°√
µà“ß Ê ‡ ¡Õ¡“ §«“¡®√‘ß·≈â«Õ’‰Õ‡Õ
‡ªì π °“√»÷ ° …“«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ∑’Ë ∂Ÿ ° °”Àπ¥
‚¥¬°ÆÀ¡“¬ √–‡∫’¬∫ À√◊Õ¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫
·≈â « ·µà ° √≥’ „ Àâ ¡’ ° “√®— ¥ ∑”¢÷È π °à Õ π∑’Ë
®–¡’ ° “√µ— ¥  ‘ π „®«à “ ®–¡’ ° “√¥”‡π‘ π
‚§√ß°“√À√◊ Õ °‘ ® °√√¡°“√æ— ≤ π“π—È π
À√◊Õ‰¡à Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡
‡¢â“„®∑’Ë¥’¢÷Èπ ∫∑§«“¡π’È¢Õ„À⧫“¡
À¡“¬¢ÕßÕ’‰Õ‡Õ‰«â„π Ú π—¬ π—¬·√°
‡ªì 𠧫“¡À¡“¬∑’Ë ™’È „ Àâ ‡ ÀÁ π ∏√√¡™“µ‘
¢ÕßÕ’‰Õ‡Õ„π‡™‘ßªØ‘∫µ— ‘
çÕ’‰Õ‡ÕÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°√–∫«π°“√„π
°“√»÷°…“·≈–«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈°√–∑∫¥â“π
 ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑—Èß„π∑“ß∫«°·≈–∑“ß≈∫
∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°‚§√ß°“√À√◊Õ°‘®°√√¡
°“√æ—≤π“ ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á∑”°“√»÷°…“
·≈–«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈°√–∑∫¢Õß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡
∑’Ë Õ “®¡’ µà Õ ‚§√ß°“√·≈–°‘ ® °√√¡°“√
æ—≤π“ ‡ªìπ°“√≈à«ßÀπâ“°àÕπµ—¥ ‘π„®
¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√ ∑—È ß π’È ‡æ◊ËÕ‡µ√’¬¡°“√
§«∫§ÿ¡ ªÑÕß°—π ·°â‰¢ ·≈–≈¥§«“¡
√ÿ π ·√ߢÕߺ≈°√–∑∫¥— ß °≈à “ « √«¡
°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õߪ√–™“™π„π°√–∫«π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
º≈°√–∑∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡

µ≈Õ¥®π°“√‡ πÕ·π–∑“߇≈◊Õ°Õ◊Ëπ∑’Ë
Õ“®¥’°«à“é
 ”À√—∫π—¬∑’Ë Ú ‡ªì𧫓¡À¡“¬∑’Ë
∫àß∫Õ°∏√√¡™“µ‘¢ÕßÕ’‰Õ‡Õ„π∞“π–∑’Ë
‡ªìπ°≈‰°Àπ÷ËߢÕß°“√æ—≤π“
çÕ’‰Õ‡ÕÀ¡“¬∂÷߇§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√
«“ß·ºπ (planning tool)  ”À√—∫ºŸâ¡’
Õ”π“®µ— ¥  ‘ π „®«à “  ¡§«√®–„Àâ ¡’ ° “√
¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“À√◊Õ‰¡à ∑—ßÈ π’È ‚¥¬
Õ“»—¬¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°√“¬ß“πº≈°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
º≈°√–∑∫¥â“π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡‡ªìπæ◊πÈ ∞“πé
(Vanclay & Bronstein, eds., 1996)
πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“°∑’Ë°≈à“«·≈â« ∏√√¡-
™“µ‘¢ÕßÕ’‰Õ‡Õ∑’Ë ”§—≠Õ’°ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß
§◊Õ ¢—πÈ µÕπ·≈–«‘∏°’ “√„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈
°√–∑∫ °√–∫«π°“√„π°“√®—¥∑”Õ’‰Õ‡Õ
¡’¢π—È µÕπÀ≈—°∑’ Ë ”§—≠ Û ¢—πÈ µÕπ ¥—ßπ’È
Ò) °“√√–∫ÿ À √◊ Õ ∫à ß ∫Õ°º≈
°√–∑∫∑’Ë Õ “®‡°‘ ¥ ®“°‚§√ß°“√
(identification) ¢—È π µÕππ’È §◊ Õ °“√
·®°·®ßº≈°√–∑∫∑—Èß„π∑“ß∫«°·≈–
∑“ß≈∫∑’Ëπà“®–‡°‘¥¢÷ÈπÀ“°¡’°“√¥”‡π‘π
‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“„Àâ§√∫∂â«π„Àâ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥
‡∑à“∑’®Ë –∑”‰¥â
Ú) °“√§“¥∑”π“¬º≈°√–∑∫
∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ (prediction) ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√√–∫ÿ
º≈°√–∑∫∑’Ëπà“®–‡°‘¥®“°‚§√ß°“√·≈â«
°“√§“¥∑”𓬰“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ߢÕß
 ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡®“°º≈°√–∑∫∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
‡™àπ §ÿ≥¿“æπÈ” §ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“» ·≈–
√–¥— ∫ §«“¡¥— ß ¢Õ߇ ’ ¬ ß §◊ Õ ¢—È π µÕπ
∂—¥¡“
Û) °“√ª√–‡¡‘ π §à “ ¢Õߧ«“¡
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß (evaluating) ¢—ÈπµÕππ’È
¡π—   ÿ«√√≥
∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’ˬ“°∑’Ë ÿ¥„π°“√®—¥
∑”Õ’‰Õ‡Õ ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ¢—πÈ µÕπ∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕß
°—∫°“√°”Àπ¥§à“‡™‘ߪ√‘¡“≥„Àâ°∫— §«“¡
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ °“√ª√–‡¡‘π§à“
∑’¢Ë “¥§«“¡∂Ÿ°µâÕß·≈–¢“¥§«“¡‡™◊ÕË ∂◊Õ
 “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈‰¥â-º≈‡ ’¬
(benefit-cost analysis) º‘¥æ≈“¥ ´÷ßË
π—ËπÀ¡“¬∂÷ß §«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ„π°“√
µ—¥ ‘π„®¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√¢ÕߺŸâ¡’Õ”π“®
¥â«¬‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π
‡π◊ËÕß®“°º≈°√–∑∫∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°
‚§√ß°“√À√◊Õ°‘®°√√¡°“√æ—≤π“¡‘‰¥â
®”°—¥Õ¬Ÿà‡©æ“–¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡∑à“π—Èπ
·µà “¡“√∂ àߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ¿“栗ߧ¡
‡»√…∞°‘®·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡¢Õß™ÿ¡™π¥â«¬
‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ¥—ßπ—πÈ „π°“√®—¥∑”Õ’‰Õ‡Õ
¥â«¬À≈—°°“√®–‰¡à¥”‡π‘π°“√‚¥¬ºŸ‡â ™’¬Ë «
™“≠‡©æ“–¥â“π‡æ’¬ß¥â“π‡¥’¬« ·µà®”‡ªìπ
µâÕßÕ“»—¬§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°À≈“¬ Ê ΩÉ“¬
¥—ßπ’È
Ô ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠‡©æ“–®“°À≈“¬
 “¢“ (technical specialists)
Ô µ—«·∑π¢Õß¿“§√—∞·≈–‡Õ°™π
(individuals from GOs & NGOs)
Ô ª√–™“™πºŸâ∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫º≈°√–-
∑∫®“°‚§√ß°“√ (citizens potentially
affected)
Ô °“√µ—¥ ‘π®“°ºŸ¡â §’ «“¡√Ÿ§â «“¡
 “¡“√∂„π·µà≈–¥â“πÕ¬à“ß·∑â®√‘ß (pro-
fessional judgement)
ë §«“¡ ”§—≠¢ÕßÕ’‰Õ‡Õ
Õ’‰Õ‡Õ À“°‰¥â¡’°“√®—¥∑”‚¥¬
°“√¡’  à « π√à « ¡¢Õß∫ÿ § §≈∑’Ë § «√¡’  à « π
‡°’¬Ë «¢âÕß∑—ßÈ Ù °≈ÿ¡à ¥—ß°≈à“«·≈â«¢â“ßµâπ
423
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à “ ߬‘Ë ß ª√–™“™πºŸâ ¡’  à « π
‰¥â -  à « π‡ ’ ¬ ‚¥¬µ√ß®“°‚§√ß°“√
æ—≤π“·≈–‡ªìπ°“√®—¥∑”‚¥¬ª√“»®“°
Õ§µ‘ (bias) ¬àÕ¡¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß
µà Õ ‚§√ß°“√À√◊ Õ °‘ ® °√√¡°“√æ— ≤ π“
∑—ßÈ ¡«≈ √“¬ß“π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈°√–∑∫
 ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß·≈–‡™◊Ë Õ
∂◊Õ‰¥â  “¡“√∂™à«¬„ÀâºŸâ¡’Õ”π“®„π°“√
µ— ¥  ‘ π „®æ‘ ® “√≥“‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ß∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß„π
ª√–‡¥Áπµà“ß Ê ¥—ßπ’È
Ò) ¬°‡≈‘° ‰¡à¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√
æ—≤π“∑’‡Ë ÀÁπ«à“‰¡à¥æ’ Õ (unsound pro-
jects) ´÷ËßÕ“®À¡“¬∂÷ß„Àâº≈‰¥â‰¡à§ÿâ¡
°—∫º≈‡ ’¬ ·≈–/À√◊Õ¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ‘Ëß
·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß
Ú) „À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫°—∫‚§√ß°“√
æ—≤π“∑’¡Ë ª’ √–‚¬™π姡ÿâ §à“
Û) æ‘®“√≥“∑“߇≈◊Õ°Õ◊Ëπ∑’ˇÀ¡“–
 ¡°«à“ ´÷ßË Õ“®À¡“¬∂÷ß°“√‡≈◊Õ°‚§√ß-
°“√≈— ° …≥–Õ◊Ë π À√◊Õ‚§√ß°“√‡¥‘¡·µà
æ◊πÈ ∑’ÕË π◊Ë ‡ªìπµâπ
Ù) ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß ·ºπÀ√◊ Õ ‚§√ß°“√
æ—≤π“„À¡à (reformulation of plan)
ı) °”Àπ¥‡ªÑ “ À¡“¬·≈–§«“¡
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫¢ÕßÕߧå°√À√◊ÕÀπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë
¡’ «à π‡°’¬Ë «¢âÕß°—∫‚§√ß°“√„À♥— ‡®π¢÷πÈ
ˆ) æ‘ ® “√≥“≈¥¢π“¥À√◊ Õ ÕÕ°
·∫∫‚§√ß°“√„À¡à ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ≈¥º≈°√–∑∫
„π∑“ß≈∫∑’ÕË “®‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ®“°‚§√ß°“√
˜) ‡µ√’¬¡°“√ √â“߇ √‘¡ øóôπøŸ
·≈–ª√—∫ª√ÿß ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’ËÕ“®‰¥â√—∫
º≈°√–∑∫®“°‚§√ß°“√
¯) ®—¥‡µ√’¬¡æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’ ¿“æ·«¥
≈âÕ¡§≈⓬°—π°—∫æ◊Èπ∑’Ë‚§√ß°“√ ”À√—∫
°“√‚¬°¬â“¬ (relocation) ª√–™“™π∑’Ë
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
‰¥â√∫— º≈°√–∑∫„π°√≥’∑¡’Ë §’ «“¡®”‡ªìπ
(Vanclay & Bronstein, eds., 1996)
ë æ—≤π“°“√¢ÕßÕ’‰Õ‡Õ
Õ’ ‰ Õ‡Õ¡’ ®ÿ ¥ °”‡π‘ ¥ §√—È ß ·√°„π
§.». Ò˘ˆ˘ ‡¡◊ÕË √—∞∫“≈¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
ÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“¥â«¬π‚¬∫“¬ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡
·Ààß™“µ‘ (National Environmental Policy
Act of 1969)  “‡Àµÿ ”§—≠∑’ºË ≈—°¥—π
„Àâ ¡’ ° “√µ√“°ÆÀ¡“¬¥— ß °≈à “ «¢÷È π §◊ Õ
ªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß°«â“ß
¢«“ßÕ—π‡ªìπº≈¡“®“°°“√æ—≤𓂧√ß
 √â “ ßæ◊È π ∞“π¢Õß√— ∞ ∫“≈Õ‡¡√‘ °— π ‡Õß
 “√– ”§—≠¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬©∫—∫¥—ß°≈à“«
§◊ Õ „ÀâÀπ૬ߓπÀ√◊ÕÕߧå°√¢Õß√—∞∑’Ë
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“æ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß
º≈°√–∑∫¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡®“°‚§√ß°“√
æ—≤π“∑’ÕË “®‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ‚¥¬æ¬“¬“¡À“∑“ß
ªÑÕß°—π ·°â‰¢ ·≈–≈¥º≈°√–∑∫∑’ËÕ“®
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ∑—Èßπ’È „À⧔π÷ß∂÷ߧÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß
·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’¥Ë ¢’ Õߪ√–™“™π‡ªì𠔧—≠
(Vanclay & Bronstein, 1996)
µâπ∑»«√√… Ò˘˘ °«à“ Ù ª√–-
‡∑»∑—Ë«‚≈°‰¥â√—∫‡Õ“À≈—°°“√Õ’‰Õ‡Õ∑’Ë
‡√‘Ë¡„™â„π À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‰ªª√—∫„™â„À⇢â“
°—∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õߪ√–‡∑»µπ‡Õß ∑—Èß∫√‘∫∑
¢Õß‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“ ·≈–∫√‘∫∑∑“ߥâ“π
 —ߧ¡-°“√‡¡◊Õß °√≥’¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬
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‡√‘Ë¡ª√“°ØÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√µ√“
æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘ à߇ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥-
¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÛı
( ¿“∑𓬧«“¡·Àà ß ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬,
ÚıÛ¯) °à Õ πÀπâ “ π—È π ‡ªì π ‡æ’¬ß°“√
°”Àπ¥·π«π‚¬∫“¬·Àà ß √— ∞ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫
°“√§ÿ⡧√Õß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–∑√—欓°√
∏√√¡™“µ‘‰«â‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°„π√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
·Ààß√“™Õ“≥“®—°√‰∑¬ æ.». ÚıÒ˜
µàÕ¡“„π æ.». ÚıÒ¯ ‰¥â¡°’ “√º≈—°¥—π
„Àâ ¡’ ° ÆÀ¡“¬·≈–Õß§å ° √∑’Ë ® –¥Ÿ · ≈
ªí ≠ À“ ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡¢÷È π „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
„π∑’Ë ÿ¥‰¥â¡’°“√µ√“æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘ àß
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™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÒ¯ ·≈–¡’º≈∫—ߧ—∫„™â¡“
µ—Èß·µà‡¥◊Õπ°ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å ÚıÒ¯ Õ¬à“߉√
°Áµ“¡ „π°ÆÀ¡“¬∑—Èß Ú ©∫—∫ ¡‘‰¥â
°≈à“«∂÷ß°“√®—¥∑”Õ’‰Õ‡Õ‚¥¬µ√ß ‡æ’¬ß
·µà¡ÿà߇πâπ°“√¥Ÿ·≈·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ
 ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡‡∑à “ π—È π µ√“∫®π°√–∑—Ë ß
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√à«¡¢Õߪ√–™“™π
ë §«“¡À¡“¬·≈–¢—ÈπµÕπ„π
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π—È π Ê ª√– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á®‰¥âßà“¬¢÷Èπ °“√
424
‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâª√–™“™π¡’ à«π√à«¡¡‘„™à
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§—¥§â“π°“√¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà
 ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π º≈æ≈Õ¬‰¥â µ “¡¡“‡ ¡Õ§◊ Õ
°“√√à«¡·√ß√à«¡„® √à«¡§«“¡§‘¥ ·≈–
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√à«¡À√◊Õ¡’∫∑∫“∑¬—߇∑à“°—∫‡ªìπ°“√„Àâ
‡°’¬√µ‘°—π„π∞“π–∑’ˇ¢“‡ªìπºŸâ¡’ à«π‰¥â
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·Àà ß √“™Õ“≥“®— ° √‰∑¬©∫— ∫ ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π
(æ.». ÚıÙ) ®–¡’º≈∫—ߧ—∫„™â‰¡à¡°’ “√
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‰¡àµÕâ ß¡’Àπâ“∑’√Ë ∫— º‘¥™Õ∫„¥ Ê πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ
®“°°“√‡ ’¬¿“…’ ¥â«¬‡Àµÿ¥—ß°≈à“«
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À≈—°°“√·≈–·π«§‘¥¥—ß°≈à“« à«πÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë
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µ√«® Õ∫°“√∫√‘À“√·≈–¥”‡π‘π°‘®°“√
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∂‘πË µàÕ‰ª
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¡π—   ÿ«√√≥
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 Õ¥§≈âÕß°—πÕ¬Ÿà ‰æ√—µπå ‡¥™–√‘π∑√å
(ÚıÚˆ) „À⧫“¡À¡“¬¢Õß ç°“√¡’
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À≈“¬ Ê ‡√◊ËÕß·≈â«·µà°√≥’ „π¢≥–∑’Ë
¬ÿ«≤ — πå «ÿ≤‡‘ ¡∏’ (ÚıÚˆ) „À⧫“¡À¡“¬
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√‘‡√‘Ë¡ °“√æ‘®“√≥“µ—¥ ‘π„®√à«¡ªØ‘∫—µ‘
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º≈°√–∑∫∂÷ ß µπ ª√–‡¥Á 𠇥’ ¬ «°— π
π‘æ∑— ∏‡«™  ◊∫· ß (ÚıÛ˘) „À⧫“¡
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°“√°”Àπ¥·≈–°“√¥”‡π‘ π °“√¢Õß
ª√–™“™π‡Õß  ”À√—∫ ÿ¿“ß§å ®—π∑«“π‘™
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µπ‡ÕßÀ√◊ Õ  π— ∫  πÿ π „Àâ ºŸâ Õ◊Ë π ‡¢â “ √à « ¡
‚¥¬ºŸ‡â ¢â“√à«¡Õ“®Õ¬Ÿ„à π∞“π–ºŸ°â √–∑”°“√
(actors) À√◊ÕÕ“®Õ¬Ÿà„π∞“π–ºŸâ‰¥â√—∫º≈
ª√–‚¬™πå (beneficiary)
™“«µà“ߪ√–‡∑» Ú §π §◊Õ ∑’.‡Õ.
‰«πå (T.A. Wine, 1982) ·≈– ¥—∫‡∫‘≈
¬Ÿ. ‡ÕÕ√å«‘π (W. Erwin, 1976) (Õâ“ß
„π  ÿ§π∑‘æ¬å ‡º¬°≈‘πË , ÚıÙı) ‰¥â„Àâ
425
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
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„π°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®«à“®–∑”Õ–‰√·≈–®–∑”
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„π≈—°…≥–„¥ ·≈– (Û) ®–·∫àߪíπº≈
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„Àâ°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√„¥ Ê ª√– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á®
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√à«¡„π∑ÿ°¢—πÈ µÕπ À√◊Õ¡“°¢—πÈ µÕπ¡“°
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À¡“¬¢Õß ç°“√¡’  à « π√à « ¡é  ”À√— ∫
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µà“ß°—π‰ª¡“°∫â“ßπâÕ¬∫â“ß ‚§‡Œπ ·≈–
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°≈à“««à“ °“√„Àâª√–™“™π¡’∫∑∫“∑„π
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

Cohen, J.M. and N.T. Uphoff. Participation: Vanclay, F. and Daniel A. Bronstein. Environ-
Concepts and Measures for Project De- mental and Social Impact Assessment.
sign, Implementation in Rural Develop- New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
ment. Monograph # 2, January 1997,
The Rural Development Committee, Center
for International Studies Council, 1997.

Abstract People Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment

Manat Suwan
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, The Royal Institute, Thailand

We must accept the fact that any development project has its own specific purpose to increase the
better standard of living of the people. However, we must accept as well that among the unavoidable
results of any development process are those of the positive and negative impacts upon the environment.
At present time when capitalism has been playing the most important role in economic system,
development agencies do not pay their main attention to the impacts upon the environment in the long-
run, but economic returns in the short-run. As far as the mentioned instance is concerned, if there is no
restricted measure to mitigate of control, the depletion of natural resources and the degradation of the
environmental quality would be seriously severe. That is why Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
has been introduced as the planning tool for the decision-makers before any decision to develop is made.
Reliability of the EIA depends largely not only on the capability of the conducting agencies, but
also on the participation opportunity of the potentially affected people. National Environmental Policy
Act B.E. 2535 has designated the development projects of particular sizes and aspects must have EIA
undertaken prior to the development process will be launched. Anyway, it was found that several projects
of which EIA had been conducted still being opposed by various groups of the people. The failure to let
the will-be-affected people participating in the assessment process is believed to be the significant cause
of the opposition. This article is an attempt to point out the nature and the importance of EIA. At the
same time, it intents to reveal the rights of the people and the ways that they can participate in the procedure.

Key words : people participation, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), development project

¡π—   ÿ«√√≥
431
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005 ∫√√≥π‘∑—»πå ∫∑

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√–¥—∫∑’Ëπà“æÕ„®
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈æ◊Èπ∞“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫ ¿“æ·≈–
ªí ≠ À“¢Õß‚√߇√’ ¬ πÀ√◊ Õ  ∂“π»÷ ° …“
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∑’Ë ‡ ªì π À≈— °  ”§— ≠ ¢Õß‚√߇√’ ¬ π„π™ÿ ¥
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§”«à “ ç°“√π‘‡∑»é „π∑“ß°“√
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„π°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß
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µà Õ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß ®π‡ÀÁ π º≈ ”‡√Á ® ‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ß
™—¥‡®π „π∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡ ‚√߇√’¬π∑’Ë
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π‘‡∑»∫“ߪ√–°“√ ∑’˪√–¡«≈‰¥â®“°
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‡ªì π °“√π‘ ‡ ∑»∑’Ë  à ß º≈¥’ µà Õ °“√‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ
· ≈ – ° “ √ ª √— ∫ ‡ ª ≈’Ë ¬ π · π « §‘ ¥ · ≈ –
惵‘°√√¡¢Õߧ√Ÿ ‚√߇√’¬π®”π«π¡“°
„π™ÿ¥‚§√ß°“√ «æ√. ‰¡à‰¥â¡’°“√®—¥
√–∫∫°“√π‘‡∑»¿“¬„π¡“°àÕπ À√◊Õ
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¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°ß“π«‘®—¬æ∫«à“ §≥–π—°«‘®—¬
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‚√߇√’¬π À“°¢“¥∑—°…–„π°“√„Àâ°“√
π‘‡∑»Õ¬à“߇ªìπ°—≈¬“≥¡‘µ√·≈â« ®–‰¡à
 “¡“√∂‰¥â ç„®é §√Ÿ·≈–æ—≤π“§√Ÿ‰¥â
≈— ° …≥–¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªì π °— ≈ ¬“≥¡‘ µ √∑’Ë
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·≈–§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ„π»—°¬¿“æ¢ÕߺŸâ√—∫°“√
π‘‡∑» √«¡∑—ßÈ °“√¡’ª¬î «“®“ °“√√Ÿ®â °— 查
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°“√¬Õ¡√— ∫ πâ Õ ¬ ¥— ß ª√“°Ø„π°√≥’
π‘‡∑»¢Õßπ—°«‘®—¬„π™ÿ¥‚§√ß°“√ «æ√.
À≈“¬°√≥’ ‡™àπ π—°«‘®¬— ∑’πË ‡‘ ∑»µ‘¥µ“¡
º≈ ·≈â«„™â§”查µ”Àπ‘ µ‘‡µ’¬π °“√
°√–∑”À√◊Õº≈ß“π¢Õߧ√Ÿ ‚¥¬‰¡à‰¥â„Àâ
§”Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬À√◊ Õ ¢â Õ ‡ πÕ·π–∑’Ë ™— ¥ ‡®π
À√◊Õπ—°«‘®—¬∑’Ë¡’∑à“∑’ ∑à“∑“ß ·≈–°“√„™â
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‰¡à‰«â«“ß„® ¢“¥»√—∑∏“ §«“¡‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ
·≈–°“√¬Õ¡√— ∫ ºŸâ π‘ ‡ ∑» ¢â Õ §â π æ∫π’È
435
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®÷ ß  π— ∫  πÿ π À≈— ° ∏√√¡§«“¡‡ªì π
°—≈¬“≥¡‘µ√ ˜ ª√–°“√ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°√Õ∫
§«“¡§‘¥æ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß°—≈¬“≥¡‘µ√π‘‡∑»
( ÿ¡π Õ¡√«‘«≤ — πå, ÚıÙ˜) Õ—πª√–°Õ∫
¥â«¬ °“√‡ªìπºŸâ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ¡‘µ√ ∑”„Àâ
§√Ÿ ∫“¬„®∑’Ë®–‡¢â“‰ªæŸ¥§ÿ¬ ´—°∂“¡
(ªî‚¬) °“√™à«¬„Àâ§√Ÿ√Ÿâ ÷°«à“¡’∑’Ëæ÷Ëß √Ÿâ ÷°
Õ∫Õÿàπ„® ª≈Õ¥¿—¬ (§√ÿ) ·≈–‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ
„𧫓¡√Ÿ§â «“¡ “¡“√∂ (¿“«π’‚¬) °“√
√Ÿâ®—°æŸ¥„À≥âº≈ √Ÿâ®—°™’È·®ß„À⇢Ⓞ®
(«µ⁄µ“ ®) æ√âÕ¡∑’Ë®–√—∫øíß ¡’§«“¡
Õ¥∑π («®π°⁄¢‚¡)  “¡“√∂Õ∏‘∫“¬
‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë´—∫´âÕπ„À⇢Ⓞ®‰¥â (§¡⁄¿’√ê⁄®
°∂Ì °µ⁄µ“) ·≈–‰¡à·π–π”™—°®Ÿß‰ª„π
∑“߇ ◊ËÕ¡‡ ’¬ (‚π ®Ø˛ü“‡π 𑂬™‡¬)
‚¥¬‡©æ“–„πÀ≈—°∑’Ë ‡°’Ë ¬«¢â Õß°—∫°“√
√Ÿâ®—°æŸ¥™’È·®ß ·≈–查Õ∏‘∫“¬‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë´—∫
´âÕπ „Àâ§√Ÿ‡¢â“„®‰¥âπ—Èπ æ∫«à“ ºŸâπ‘‡∑»
®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß¡’ §ÿ ≥  ¡∫— µ‘ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π Õߧå
ª√–°Õ∫ ”§—≠ Ú ª√–°“√ §◊Õ (Ò)
§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡ ‡¢â“„®„π‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ëπ‘‡∑» ·≈–
(Ú) °“√√Ÿâ®—°æŸ¥™’È·®ß„Àâ§√Ÿ‡¢â“„®‰¥â
´÷Ëß®“°°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π æ∫«à“ π—°«‘®—¬
∑’ˇ¢â“‰ªπ‘‡∑» ™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ§√Ÿ ¡’∑—Èß∑’Ë¢“¥
¢â Õ Ò ´÷Ë ß  à ß º≈°√–∑∫µà Õ °“√¢“¥
¢âÕ Ú ·≈–∑’Ë¡’¢âÕ Ò ·µà¢“¥¢âÕ Ú ´÷Ëß
 ÿ¥∑⓬°Á®–‰¥â√—∫º≈‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π §◊Õ
‰¡à “¡“√∂‰¥â ç„®é §√Ÿ À√◊ՙ૬„Àâ§√Ÿ
‡¢â“„®·≈–æ—≤π“µπ‡Õ߉¥â Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
¬— ß ¡’ ºŸâ π‘ ‡ ∑»®”π«πÀπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë ¢ “¥§«“¡√Ÿâ
§«“¡‡¢â“„®∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ„π‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ëπ‘‡∑» ·µà
 “¡“√∂™à«¬æ—≤π“§√Ÿ‰¥â À“°ºŸâπ‘‡∑»
∑à“ππ—Èπ¬Õ¡√—∫„π®ÿ¥ÕàÕπ¢Õßµπ ·≈–
√à«¡‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‰ª°—∫§√Ÿ ‚¥¬æ¬“¬“¡· «ß
À“§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ®“°ºŸâ√ŸâÕ◊Ëπ Ê
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
Ú. °“√π‘ ‡ ∑»‚¥¬„™â ° √–∫«π
°“√™’È · π–∑“ߪí ≠ ≠“ (cognitive
coaching) ‡ªì π °“√π‘ ‡ ∑»∑’Ë   “¡“√∂
™à « ¬„Àâ ºŸâ √— ∫ °“√π‘ ‡ ∑»‡°‘ ¥ °“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π
·ª≈ß°√–∫«π°“√§‘¥¿“¬„π ®π‡°‘¥
°“√ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ惵‘°√√¡ °“√π‘‡∑»
·∫∫π’ È ßà º≈µàÕ°“√ª√—∫‡ª≈’¬Ë π°√–∫«π-
∑—»πå ·≈–°“√°√–∑” ‡æ√“–¡’√“°∞“π
¡“®“°°√–∫«π°“√¿“¬„π¢ÕߺŸâ √— ∫
°“√π‘‡∑» ∑”„À⺟â√—∫°“√π‘‡∑» ‡°‘¥
§«“¡‡¢â “ „®·≈–¬Õ¡√— ∫ „𧫓¡§‘ ¥
·≈–°“√°√–∑”¢Õßµπ∑’Ë ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß
ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ ·≈–‡°‘¥§«“¡‡µÁ¡„®∑’Ë®–
ª√—∫‡ª≈’Ë¬π °“√π‘‡∑»‚¥¬„™â°√–∫«π
°“√™’È·π–∑“ߪí≠≠“π’È ‡ªìπ°“√π‘‡∑»
∑’Ë¡‘„™à‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß°“√„À⧔ª√÷°…“·π–π”
·µà¡ßÿà ™à«¬„Àâº√Ÿâ ∫— °“√π‘‡∑»‡°‘¥°√–∫«π
°“√§‘¥ °“√µ√«® Õ∫§«“¡§‘¥·≈–°“√
°√–∑”¢Õßµπ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“¡ÿ¡¡Õß
„π¥â“πµà“ß Ê √«¡∑—Èß°“√· «ßÀ“∑“ß
‡≈◊Õ°‡æ◊ËÕπ”¡“„™â·°âªí≠À“ °“√‡ÀÁπ
§ÿ≥§à“¢Õßß“π∑’Ë∑” ·≈–°“√ √â“ß·√ß
®Ÿß„®¿“¬„π„À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ ®“°°“√¥”‡π‘π
ß“π«‘®—¬ æ∫«à“ °“√π‘‡∑»„π≈—°…≥–π’È
™à « ¬„Àâ ºŸâ √— ∫ °“√π‘ ‡ ∑»‡°‘ ¥ °“√æ— ≤ π“
∑—°…–°√–∫«π°“√§‘¥ ∑—°…–°√–∫«π
°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ‡°‘¥§«“¡‡¢â“„®·≈–‡ÀÁπ
§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√æ—≤π“µπ‡Õß ´÷Ëß
𔉪 Ÿà ° “√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ · ≈–°“√ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß
µπ‡Õß „π∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡ °“√π‘‡∑»
„π≈—°…≥–¥—È߇¥‘¡∑’ˇ§¬∑”°—π¡“ ‚¥¬
ºŸâπ‘‡∑»∂◊Õ«à“ µπ‡Õ߇ªìπºŸâ√Ÿâ ºŸâ√—∫°“√
π‘‡∑»‡ªìπºŸâ‰¡à√Ÿâ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ºŸâπ‘‡∑»®÷ß„Àâ
§”ª√÷°…“„π≈—°…≥–™’È∂Ÿ°-™’Ⱥ‘¥ ªØ‘∫—µ‘
µàÕ§√Ÿ‡ ¡◊Õπ§√Ÿ‡ªìπ‡¥Á° ·≈–§√ŸºŸâ√—∫°“√
π‘‡∑»®–µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘µ“¡§”·π–π”¢Õß
µπ ‚¥¬‰¡à‰¥â√—∫øíß À√◊Õ„Àâ‚Õ°“ §√Ÿ
‰¥â§‘¥ À√◊Õæ‘®“√≥“§«“¡§‘¥¢Õߧ√Ÿ
√«¡∑—ßÈ „π∫“ß°√≥’ ºŸπâ ‡‘ ∑»¬—ߢ“¥§«“¡
 “¡“√∂„π°“√™’È · π–„Àâ § √Ÿ ‡ °‘ ¥ §«“¡
‡¢â“„® ·≈–‡ÀÁπ·π«∑“ß„π°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß
·°â‰¢ß“π¢Õßµπ‰¥â °“√π‘‡∑»≈—°…≥–π’È
°àÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß·≈–°“√‰¡à¬Õ¡
√—∫°—π·≈–°—π ´÷Ëß àߺ≈µàÕ°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘
ß“π√à«¡°—π„Àâª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®
Û. °“√π‘ ‡ ∑»·∫∫µà Õ ¬Õ¥
ª√– ∫°“√≥å
®“°°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π §≥–π—°
«‘ ®— ¬ À≈— ° ‰¥â æ ∫«‘ ∏’ ° “√π‘ ‡ ∑»∑’Ë   √â “ ß
 √√§åπà“ π„®®”π«πÀπ÷Ëß ´÷Ëßæ—≤π“
¢÷Èπ‚¥¬§≥–π—°«‘®—¬„π™ÿ¥‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬
¬àÕ¬ «æ√. ·≈–æ∫«à“„™â‰¥âº≈¥’
°“√π‘‡∑»·∫∫µàÕ¬Õ¥ª√– ∫-
°“√≥凪ìπ·π«§‘¥·≈–«‘∏’°“√π‘‡∑»«‘∏’
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‡ªì π ªí ≠ À“„À≠à ∑’Ë ¬ “°®–·°â ‰ ¢µà Õ ‰ª
°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‡ªìπ°√–∫«π°“√
ª√— ∫ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·π«§‘ ¥ ·≈–°“√°√–∑”∑’Ë
µâÕßÕ“»—¬°√–∫«π°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡‡¢â“„®
Õ—π‡ªìπ°√–∫«π°“√¿“¬„π ´÷ËßµâÕß°“√
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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Abstract Whole School Learning Reform : Four Effective Strategies Leading to Successful Reform
Tisana Khemmani
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, The Royal Institute, Thailand

The Thailand National Education Act of August 20, 1999 has led the nation to engage in
extensive educational reform. A national research and development project on “Whole School
Learning Process Reform” was initiated with the support from the Thailand Research Fund to search
for effective learning reform models. One hundred and thirty - five schools with diverse backgrounds
and contexts in the four regions of Thailand were encouraged to conduct research and development
projects using a whole school approach. All schools did not have much knowledge in conducting
research and development. They also had no experiences in whole school development. However,
they were given technical assistance and supervision from the outside academics who were either
university instructors or school supervisors. These academicians worked closely with the schools
trying to find effective strategies to lead the schools to a successful reform. Among various
strategies used, four were identified as effective as they have made great contributions to most of
the schools. These strategies are : (1) employment of amicable internal supervision and cognitive
coaching ; (2) exchanging of ideas and experiences among teachers and all involved; (3) encouragement
of parents and community participation and; (4) dissimination of school innovations by
the school. All successful schools reported that these strategies were key factors contributing to their
success.

Key words : whole school approach, school reform, strategies for school reform

∑‘»π“ ·¢¡¡≥’
443
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡ ’¬ßÕà“π Ω√—Ë߇» Õà“π«à“

Elizabeth Taylor [Õ‘≈‘‡´Õ‡∫‘∑ ‡∑¬å‡≈Õ√å] [‡Õ≈‘´“‡∫Á∑ ·µ≈Õ√å]
Kirk Douglas [‡§‘√å° ¥—°‡°≈‘ ] [°’√å° ¥Ÿ°⁄≈“]
Michigan [¡‘™‘‡°‘π] [¡‘™‘°Õß]
¿“…“Ω√—Ë߇»  ‡ ’¬ßÕà“π Õ—ß°ƒ…/Õ‡¡√‘°—πÕà“π«à“
Peugeot [‡ªÕ√å‚™] [柂™]
Bourbon [∫Ÿ√å∫ß] [‡∫Õ√å‡∫‘π]
Roger [√Õ‡™] [√Õ‡®Õ√å]
Europe [‡ÕÕ√Õª] [¬Ÿ‡√‘ª]
Lyon [≈’¬ß] [‰≈‡Õ‘π]
Paris [ª“√’] [·æ√‘ ]
Dupont [¥Ÿªß] [¥ŸæÕπµå]
gigolo [™’‚°‚≈] [®‘‡°Õ‚≈]
Citroën [´’∑√Õ·Õß] [´‘∑√Õ‡Õ‘π]
¿“…“‡¬Õ√¡—π ‡ ’¬ßÕà“π Õ—ß°ƒ…/Õ‡¡√‘°—πÕà“π«à“
Mercedes [·¡√凴‡¥ ] [‡¡Õ√å´’¥‘ ]
Hamburg [Œ—¡∫Ÿ√å°] [·Œ¡‡∫‘√å°]
¿“…“Õ‘µ“≈’ ‡ ’¬ßÕà“π Õ—ß°ƒ…/Õ‡¡√‘°—πÕà“π«à“
Versace [·«√å´“‡™] [‡«Õ√å´“™’]
via [«’Õ“] [‰«‡ÕÕ–]/[«’‡ÕÕ–]

𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥
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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

Õ— π ∑’Ë ® √‘ ß ° “ √ Õ Õ ° ‡  ’ ¬ ß   √ – ‡ ’¬ß§≈⓬ √–ÕŸ [¬Ÿ‡√‘ª] ¿“…“Ω√—Ë߇»  ¿“…“∑’Ë„™âÕ—°…√™ÿ¥‡¥’¬«°—π

欗≠™π–∫“ßµ—«°Á‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—𠇙àπ ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß§≈⓬ √–‡ÕÕ [‡ÕÕ√Õª] ·≈– µàÕ‰ªπ’È¢Õ„Àâæ‘®“√≥“¥Ÿ¿“…“∑’Ë
µ—« r „π§”«à“ Paris ¿“…“Ω√—Ë߇»  ¿“…“ ‡ªπÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß‡ªìπ ‡Õ« „π§”«à“ „™âµ—«Õ—°…√µà“ß™ÿ¥°—π∫â“ß ®“°µ—«Õ¬à“ß
°—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…°ÁÕÕ°‡ ’¬ßµà“ß°—π µ—« Europa [‡Õ«‚√ª“] ‡¥‘¡
eu „π§”«à“ Europe ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…ÕÕ° π—Ë π §◊ Õ §«“¡·µ°µà “ ß„π√–À«à “ ß

¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ‰∑¬‡¢’¬π ‰∑¬Õà“π

Elizabeth Taylor Õ“≈‘´“‡∫∑/‡Õ≈‘´“‡∫∑/ [Õ“≈‘´“‡∫¥]/[‡Õ≈‘´“‡∫¥]/
Õ‘≈‘´“‡∫∑ ‡∑¬å‡≈Õ√å [Õ‘≈‘´“‡∫¥ ‡∑‡≈àÕ]
Kirk Douglas ‡§‘√å° ¥—°°≈“  [‡§‘È° ¥—Í°°⁄≈ä“¥]
Michigan ¡‘™‘·°π [¡‘™‘·°π]
¿“…“Ω√—Ë߇»  ‰∑¬‡¢’¬π ‰∑¬Õà“π
Peugeot ‡ªÕ√催µå [‡ªÕ‚¬]
Bourbon ∫Ÿ√å∫ß/‡∫Õ√å‡∫‘π [∫Ÿ∫Õß]/[‡∫Õ‡∫‘Èπ]
Roger √Õ‡™/‚√‡®Õ√å [√Õ‡™]/[‚√‡®âÕ]
Europe ‡ÕÕ√Õª/¬ÿ‚√ª [¬ÿ‚À⁄√∫]
Lyon ≈’¬ß/‰≈ÕÕπ [≈’¬ß]/[‰≈ÕâÕπ]
Paris ª“√’  [ª“√’¥]
Dupont ¥Ÿªß/¥ŸªÕßµå [¥ŸªÕß]
gigolo ™’‚°‚≈/®‘‚°‚≈ [®‘Í°°–‚≈à]
Citroën ´’∑√Õ·Õß/´‘∑√Õ‡Õ‘π [´’µ⁄√Õß]
¿“…“‡¬Õ√¡—π ‰∑¬‡¢’¬π ‰∑¬Õà“π
Mercedes ·¡√凴‡¥ /‡¡Õ√å´’¥‘ / [‡¡Õ√å´’‡¥ä¥]
‡¡Õ√å´’‡¥ 
Hamburg Œ—¡∫Ÿ√å°/·Œ¡‡∫‘√å° [Œ”∫Ÿ°]/[·Œ¡‡∫‘°]
¿“…“Õ‘µ“≈’ ‰∑¬‡¢’¬π ‰∑¬Õà“π
Versace ·«√å´“‡™/‡«Õ√å´“‡™ [‡«Õ´“‡™à]
via «’Õ“/‰«Õ– [«’Õ–]/[‰«Õ–]

®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“¬‘Ëß„™âµ—«Õ—°…√µà“ß™ÿ¥ ·≈–¬—߉¥â‡æ‘Ë¡‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå¥â«¬ ‡¢’¬π‰ªµ“¡¢âÕ®”°—¥·Ààß¿“…“¢Õßµπ

ÕÕ°‰ª‡ ’ ¬ ߬‘Ë ß ·µ°µà “ ß°— π ¢Õ„Àâ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√¬◊π¬—π«à“ ¡‘„™à¿“…“ ·≈–ÕÕ°‡ ’ ¬ ßµ“¡√–∫∫‡ ’ ¬ ߢÕßµπ
 —߇°µ«à“‡ ’¬ßÕà“π„π¿“…“‰∑¬π—Èπ∂÷ß ‰∑¬‡æ’ ¬ ß¿“…“‡¥’ ¬ «‡∑à “ π—È π ∑’Ë Õ Õ° ¥â«¬ ‡™àπ
·¡â®–‰¥â√—∫Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈®“°¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡ ’¬ßµ“¡√–∫∫‡ ’¬ß¢Õßµπ‡Õß ¿“…“
·µà°ÁÕÕ°‡ ’¬ßµ“¡√–∫∫¢Õß¿“…“‰∑¬ ≠’˪ÿÉπ‡¡◊ËÕ‡¢’¬π§”¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…°ÁµâÕß

µ—«‡¢’¬π°—∫‡ ’¬ßÕà“π
446
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

§”®“°¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ßµ“¡√–∫∫‡ ’¬ß≠’˪ÿÉπ
Brad Pitt ∫ÿ√“‚¥– 摵‚µ–
computer §¡æ‘«µ“
Elvis Presley ‡Õ≈ÿ«‘´ÿ ªÿ‡√´ÿ≈’
Roger ‚√®“
McDonald ¡–°ÿ‚¥–π–≈ÿ‚¥–

∑—Èßπ’È ‡æ√“–¿“…“≠’˪ÿÉπ‰¡à¡’µ—« ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õ—°…√‚√¡—π¡’‡æ’¬ß Úˆ °Á¬‘Ë߇∂’¬ß°—π¡“°¢÷Èπ °“√∂°‡∂’¬ß¬‘Ëß

 –°¥ (¬°‡«âπ∫“ß°√≥’ ´÷Ëß®–‰¡à¢Õ
°≈à“«∂÷ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π∑’Ëπ’È) ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß
‡ªìπæ¬“ß§å ‰¡à¡’‡ ’¬ß‡ÕÕ ÕÕ ·≈– ·Õ
®÷ßµâÕß„™â‡ ’¬ßÕ◊Ëπ·∑π
Û. °“√·°âªí≠À“§«“¡°”°«¡
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°Õ— ° …√‚√¡— π ÕÕ°‡ ’ ¬ ß
µà“ß Ê °—π‰ª„π·µà≈–¿“…“ ®÷߇°‘¥
ªí≠À“„π¥â“π°“√ Õπ ∑”Õ¬à“߉√®÷ß®–
∫Õ°‰¥â «à “ Õ— ° …√„¥· ¥ß‡ ’ ¬ ß„¥‚¥¬
‰¡à°”°«¡ „π∑’Ë ÿ¥°Á‡°‘¥ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“
°“√∂Õ¥‡ ’¬ß (transcription) π—Ëπ§◊Õ
°”Àπ¥„Àâ —≠≈—°…≥åµ—«Àπ÷Ëß·∑πÀπ÷Ëß
‡ ’¬ß ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ¿“…“„¥°Áµ“¡
µ—« ®÷߉¡à “¡“√∂®–∑”Àπâ“∑’Ëπ’ȉ¥âÕ¬à“ß
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥å µâÕßπ”Õ—°…√°√’° ·≈– —≠-
≈—°…≥åÕπ◊Ë Ê ¡“™à«¬ ™ÿ¥Õ—°…√π’‡È √’¬°«à“
 —∑Õ—°…√ (phonetic alphabet) ∑’Ë„™â
°—πÕ¬Ÿà„π«ß°“√»÷°…“°Á§◊Õ  —∑Õ—°…√
 “°≈ (International Phonetic Alpha-
bet) À√◊Õ I.P.A. ·µàÕ°— …√™ÿ¥π’¡È ®’ ¥ÿ ÕàÕπ
µ√ß∑’Ë«à“ §π∑—Ë«‰ª‰¡à√Ÿâ®—° ®÷ß®”‡ªìπ
µâÕߥ—¥·ª≈ßπ”Õ—°…√‚√¡—π¡“„™â·∑π
‡√’ ¬ °«à “ °“√∂Õ¥Õ— ° …√‡ªì π Õ— ° …√
‚√¡—π (Romanization) ‡¡◊ËÕπ”Õ—°…√
‡æ’¬ß Úˆ µ—«¡“ ¡¡µ‘·∑π‡ ’¬ßπ—∫
√âÕ¬‡ ’¬ß„π¿“…“¡πÿ…¬å ‡ ’¬ß°Á‡√‘Ë¡
‡æ’Ȭπ‰ªÕ’° ¬‘Ë߇¡◊ËÕ§π ¡¡µ‘µà“ß°—π
‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ‡¡◊Ë Õ ºŸâ „ ™â
¿“…“µ°Õ¬Ÿ„à µâÕ∑‘ ∏‘æ≈¢Õß¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…
®÷߇∑’¬∫‡ ’¬ß·≈–§”°—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…
°≈“¬‡ªì π°“√∂Õ¥Õ— ° …√‚¥¬‡∑’ ¬ ∫
°—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… (Anglicization) ∑”„Àâ
‡°‘¥§«“¡°”°«¡¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ
¬°µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ §π™◊ËÕ ç«—π‡æÁ≠é
ç· π¥’é ·≈– ç ¡√é ∂⓵âÕß°“√„™âÕ—°…√
‚√¡—π‡¢’¬π °ÁÕ“®®–‡¢’¬π‰¥â Û ·∫∫
§◊Õ ·∫∫∂Õ¥‡ ’¬ß (transcription) ·∫∫
∂Õ¥Õ—°…√‡ªìπÕ—°…√‚√¡—π (Romani-
zation) ·≈–·∫∫∂Õ¥Õ—°…√‚¥¬‡∑’¬∫
°—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… (Anglicization) ¥—ßπ’È

§”‰∑¬ «—π‡æÁ≠
∂Õ¥‡ ’¬ß = Wanphen
∂Õ¥Õ—°…√‡ªìπÕ—°…√‚√¡—π = Wanphen
∂Õ¥Õ—°…√‚¥¬‡∑’¬∫°—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… = One Pen
§”‰∑¬ · π¥’
∂Õ¥‡ ’¬ß = Sændi
(‡ ’¬ß·Õ „™â —≠≈—°…≥å§≈⓬µ—« a °—∫µ—« e À—πÀ≈—ß™π°—π)
∂Õ¥Õ—°…√‡ªìπÕ—°…√‚√¡—π = Saendi
∂Õ¥Õ—°…√‚¥¬‡∑’¬∫°—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… = Sandy
§”‰∑¬  ¡√
∂Õ¥‡ ’¬ß = Sam0n c
(‡ ’¬ßÕÕ „™â —≠≈—°…≥å§≈⓬µ—« c °≈—∫À≈—ßÀ—π)

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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

∂Õ¥Õ—°…√‡ªìπÕ—°…√‚√¡—π = Samon
∂Õ¥Õ—°…√‚¥¬‡∑’¬∫°—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… = Small

°“√‡≈◊Õ°‡¢’¬π™◊ËÕ·∫∫„¥¬àÕ¡∑”‰¥â ‡æ√“–™◊ËÕ‡©æ“–‡ªìπ ‘∑∏‘ à«π∫ÿ§§≈

Ù. §”∑—∫»—æ∑å√ÿàπ‡°à“
‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“§”¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…∑’ˇ¢’¬π¥â«¬Õ—°…√‰∑¬À√◊Õ∑’ˇ√’¬°°—π«à“ §”∑—∫»—æ∑å „π ¡—¬·√°¡’≈—°…≥–„À≠à Ú ·∫∫ §◊Õ
·∫∫·√° ¥—¥·ª≈ߧ”·≈–‡ ’¬ß‡¢â“ Ÿà√–∫∫¿“…“‰∑¬∑—π∑’ ‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß π„®«à“‡¢’¬πÕ¬à“߉√ ‡æ√“–§π∑—Ë«‰ª‰¡à¡’‚Õ°“ 
‡ÀÁπ√Ÿª°“√‡¢’¬π ‡™àπ
beater Õ’‡µâÕ
Bradley ª≈—¥‡≈
Cartwright §√Ÿ°—¥‰√
colony °–≈–π’
Corporal ¢∫øÑ“≈—Ëπ
credential °√–¥“π “√/ “π
Crawford °“√–øí¥/°–√–Ωí¥
government °—¥øíπ¡—π
Henry Burney À—πµ√’ ∫“√–π’
Hunter À—π·µ√
Jackson ¬—° Õπ
lemonade (πÈ”)¡–‡πÁ¥
lieutenant ‚À≈¥µ–‡≈π‡µ
McFarland ‡¡¶øÑ“≈—Ëπ
madam ·¡à¥”
phosphorus Ω“»ÿ¿‡√»
Portugal ª–µŸ°—π
Rangin ·√âß°‘π
Royal Patent √“™ª–·µπ
Sir James Brooks ‡´Õ√凬’ˬ¡∫ÿ√ÿ°, ‡¬ —ª∫ÿ√ÿ…
telegraph µ–·≈Á∫·°ä∫

·∫∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡◊ËÕ‡√‘Ë¡‡ÀÁπ√Ÿª°“√‡¢’¬π®÷ß∂Õ¥Õ—°…√·∫∫µ√ßµ—« ‚¥¬‡∑’¬∫‡ ’¬ßµ“¡√–∫∫¿“…“‰∑¬§◊Õ Àπ÷Ëß√Ÿª·∑πÀπ÷Ëß

‡ ’¬ß ´÷ËßÕ“®®–‰¡àµ√ß°—∫°“√ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß¢Õß¿“…“‡¥‘¡ πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—߇Õ◊ÈÕ‡ ’¬ß·∫∫‰∑¬¥â«¬°“√√–∫ÿ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå·≈–
√Ÿª«√√≥¬ÿ°µåÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π ¥—ßµ—«Õ¬à“ߧ”∑’ˇ°Á∫‰«â·≈â«„π æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙÚ ‡™àπ

µ—«‡¢’¬π°—∫‡ ’¬ßÕà“π
448
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

brandy ∫√—Ëπ¥’
cake ‡§â°
cock °äÕ°
cocoa ‚°‚°â
cookie §ÿ°°’È
copy °äÕ∫ªïô
fashion ·ø™—Ëπ
gas °ä“´/·°ä 
joke ‚®ä°
maûam ·À¡à¡
note ‚πâµ
oak ‚Õä°
oat (¢â“«)‚Õäµ
peg ‡ªÖ°
plug ª≈—Í°
pump ªí¡ö
rugby √—°∫’È
rummy √—¡¡’Ë
serum ‡´√ÿà¡
shirt ‡™‘ȵ
toffee ∑Õøøïò
whisky «‘ °’È

ı. §”∑—∫»—æ∑å√ÿàπ„À¡à °“√查  à«π§”∑’ˇ§¬‡¢’¬πÕ¬à“ß¡’√Ÿª ç°“√µ—Èß™◊ËÕé ‰¡à„™à ç°“√∑—∫»—æ∑åé µ“¡

µà Õ ¡“‡¡◊Ë Õ √“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π
æ‘®“√≥“À≈—°‡°≥±å°“√∑—∫»—æ∑å¢÷Èπ¡“
„À¡à ‰¥â欓¬“¡‡∑’¬∫‡ ’¬ß„Àâµ√ß°—∫
°“√ÕÕ°‡ ’ ¬ ß √–·≈–欗 ≠ ™π–¢Õß
¿“…“‡¥‘¡„Àâ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈–‰¥âµ—¥‡§√◊ËÕß
À¡“¬«√√≥¬ÿ°µåÕÕ°‰ª ‡æ√“–¿“…“∑’Ë
‰¡à¡’√–∫∫‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå ‡™àπ¿“…“
Õ— ß °ƒ…π—È π °“√ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß¢÷Èπ≈ß (∑’Ë ÀŸ
§π‰∑¬øí߇ªìπ‡ ’¬«√√≥¬ÿ°µå) π—Èπ ‰¡à
·πàπÕπ ®–·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ªµ“¡®—ßÀ«–
«√√≥¬ÿ°µå°”°—∫¡“·µà‡¥‘¡°Á§ß‡°Á∫‰«â
‡™àππ—Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ¡‘„À⇰‘¥§«“¡ —∫ π
§”∑—∫»—æ∑å√πÿà „À¡à®ß÷ ‰¡à¡√’ ªŸ «√√≥-
¬ÿ°µå°”°—∫ ¬°‡«âπ§”∑’Ë´È”°—∫¿“…“‰∑¬
®πÕ“®®–∑”„À⇢Ⓞ®º‘¥‰¥â ‡™àπ Coke
(‚§â°), coma (‚§¡à“)
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ™◊ÕË ‡©æ“– ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
™◊ËÕ ‘π§â“ ∑’ˇ®â“¢ÕßµâÕß°“√„Àâ§π√Ÿâ®—°
Õ¬à“߉¡à°”°«¡ °ÁÕ“®®–„™â√ªŸ «√√≥¬ÿ°µå
°”°—∫‰¥âµ“¡§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡ ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ
‡°≥±å
ˆ. À≈—°‡°≥±å¢Õß°“√∑—∫»—æ∑å
√ÿàπ·√°
§”∑—∫»—æ∑å√ÿàπ·√°∑’Ë¡’√Ÿª«√√≥-
¬ÿ ° µå °”°— ∫ π—È π À“°æ‘ ® “√≥“Õ¬à “ ß
º‘ « ‡º‘ π °Á § ≈â “ ¬°— ∫ «à “ ®–°”À𥇠’ ¬ ß
«√√≥¬ÿ°µåµ“¡„®™Õ∫ ·µàÀ“°«‘‡§√“–Àå
Õ¬à “ ß≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥®–‡ÀÁ π ‰¥â «à “ ¡’ √ –∫∫∑’Ë
·πàπÕπ ¥—ßπ’È

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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Ò §”欓ߧ凥’¬«ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ßµ√’ ‡™àπ

§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
cake ‡§â° §”µ“¬ µ√’
cock °äÕ° §”µ“¬ µ√’
gas °ä“´/·°ä  §”µ“¬ µ√’
joke ‚®ä° §”µ“¬ µ√’
note ‚πâµ §”µ“¬ µ√’
oak ‚Õä° §”µ“¬ µ√’
oat (¢â“«)‚Õäµ §”µ“¬ µ√’
peg ‡ªÖ° §”µ“¬ µ√’
plug ª≈—Í° §”µ“¬ µ√’
pump ªí¡ö §”‡ªìπ µ√’
shirt ‡™‘ȵ §”µ“¬ µ√’
ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Ú §” Õß欓ߧå∑’ˇªì𧔇ªìπÒ ∑—ÈߧŸà ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß “¡—≠°—∫‡ ’¬ß‚∑ ‡™àπ
§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
cocoa ‚°‚°â §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
fashion ·ø™—Ë𠧔‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
rummy √—¡¡’Ë §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
serum ‡´√ÿà¡ §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Û §” Õß欓ߧå∑’ˇªì𧔵“¬°—∫§”‡ªìπ ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ßµ√’°—∫‡ ’¬ß‚∑ ‡™àπ
§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
cookie §ÿ°°’È §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/‚∑
copy °äÕ∫ªïô §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/‚∑
rugby √—°∫’È §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/‚∑
toffee ∑Õøøïò §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/‚∑
whisky «‘ °’È §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/‚∑
®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢â“ßµâπ¡’¬°‡«âπ‡æ’¬ß Ú §” §◊Õ
§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
maûam ·À¡à¡ §”‡ªìπ ‡Õ°
brandy ∫√—Ëπ¥’ §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ ‡Õ°/ “¡—≠

Ò
§”‡ªìπ À¡“¬∂÷ß æ¬“ß§å∑’Ë¡’ √–¬“« À√◊Õ¡’µ—« –°¥‡ªìπ·¡à°ß ·¡à°π ·¡à°¡ ·¡à‡°¬ ·≈–·¡à‡°Õ«  à«π§”µ“¬ À¡“¬∂÷ß æ¬“ß§å∑’Ë¡’ √– —Èπ À√◊Õ¡’µ—«
 –°¥‡ªìπ·¡à°° ·¡à°¥ ·≈–·¡à°∫

µ—«‡¢’¬π°—∫‡ ’¬ßÕà“π
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¢Õ„À⠗߇°µ«à“ ∑—Èߧ”«à“ ç·À¡à¡é ´÷Ë߇ªìπ§”欓ߧ凥’¬« °—∫欓ߧå·√°¢Õߧ”«à“ ç∫√—Ëπ¥’é ´÷Ë߇ªì𧔇ªìπµà“ß°ÁÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß

‡Õ° ∑—Èß Ê ∑’Ëπà“®–‡ªìπ ç·¡â¡é °—∫ ç∫√—π¥’Èé µ“¡·∫∫§”Õ◊Ëπ Ê „π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π

˜. À≈—°‡°≥±å¢Õß°“√∑—∫»—æ∑å√ÿàπ„À¡à
„π§”∑— ∫ »— æ ∑å √ÿà π „À¡à ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ¡’ √Ÿ ª «√√≥¬ÿ ° µå °”°— ∫ ·¡â ® –‰¡à ¡’ √Ÿ ª «√√≥¬ÿ ° µå °”°—∫ ·≈â « ·µà‡«≈“ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß°Á¬—ß¡’‡ ’¬ß
«√√≥¬ÿ°µå°”°—∫Õ¬Ÿà ∫“ߧ”„™âµ—« À ‡ªìπµ—«™à«¬„Àâ¡’‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå À√◊Õ„™â欗≠™π–‡ ’¬ß Ÿß (Õ—°…√ Ÿß) ·∑π欗≠™π–‡ ’¬ß
µË” (Õ—°…√µË”) ·µà√–¥—∫‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå‰¥â‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ª∫â“ß ¥—ßπ’È

ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Ò §”欓ߧ凥’¬« ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ßµ√’∫â“ß ‡ ’¬ß‡Õ°∫â“ß ‡™àπ

§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
[‡ ’¬ßÕà“π]
bank ·∫ß°å [·∫äß] §”‡ªìπ µ√’
choice ™Õ¬ å [™âÕ¬] §”‡ªìπ µ√’
top ∑ÁÕª [∑ÁÕ∫] §”µ“¬ µ√’
VAT ·«Áµ [·«Á¥] §”µ“¬ µ√’

§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå

[‡ ’¬ßÕà“π]
brake ‡∫√° [‡∫⁄√°] §”µ“¬ ‡Õ°
late ‡≈µ, ‡À≈µ [‡À⁄≈¥] §”µ“¬ ‡Õ°
load ‚À≈¥ [‚À⁄≈¥] §”µ“¬ ‡Õ°
maid ‡¡¥, ‡À¡¥ [‡À⁄¡¥] §”µ“¬ ‡Õ°
rate ‡√µ, ‡À√µ [‡À⁄√¥] §”µ“¬ ‡Õ°
serge ‡ ‘√å® [‡ ‘¥] §”µ“¬ ‡Õ°
serve ‡ ‘√åø [‡ ‘∫] §”µ“¬ ‡Õ°
shade ‡™¥, ‡©¥ [‡©¥] §”µ“¬ ‡Õ°
vote ‚À«µ [‚À⁄«¥] §”µ“¬ ‡Õ°

¢Õ„À⠗߇°µ«à“°“√ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß·∫∫π’ȇªìπ‰ª„π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π°—∫§”«à“ maûam ç·À¡à¡é

∫“ߧ”°ÁÕÕ°‡ªìπ‡ ’¬ß‡Õ°∫â“ß ‡ ’¬ßµ√’∫â“ß ‡™àπ
§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
[‡ ’¬ßÕà“π]
base ‡∫  [‡∫¥]/[‡∫ä¥] §”µ“¬ ‡Õ°, µ√’
fax ·øì°´å [·Ωì°]/[·øì°] §”µ“¬ ‡Õ°, µ√’

𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Ú §” Õß欓ߧå∑’ˇªì𧔇ªìπ∑—ÈߧŸà ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß “¡—≠°—∫‡ ’¬ß‚∑ À√◊Õ‡ ’¬ß “¡—≠°—∫‡ ’¬ßµ√’ ‡™àπ

§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
[‡ ’¬ßÕà“π]
center ‡´Áπ‡µÕ√å [‡´Áπ‡µâÕ] §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
dollar ¥Õ≈≈“√å [¥Õπ≈à“] §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
London ≈Õπ¥Õπ [≈Õπ¥âÕπ] §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
lotion ‚≈™—π [‚≈™—Ëπ] §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
number π—¡‡∫Õ√å [π—¡‡∫âÕ] §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
major ‡¡‡®Õ√å [‡¡‡®âÕ] §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
plaza æ≈“´“ [æ⁄≈“´à“] §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
solar ‚´≈“ [‚´≈à“] §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
tango ·∑ß‚° [·∑ß‚°â] §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
villa «‘≈≈“ [«‘π≈à“] §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/‚∑
§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
[‡ ’¬ßÕà“π]
entrance ‡ÕÁπ∑√“π´å §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/µ√’
[‡ÕÁπ∑⁄√â“π]
town house ∑“«π凌“ å [∑“«‡Œâ“] §”‡ªìπ/§”‡ªìπ  “¡—≠/µ√’
ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Û §” Õß欓ߧå∑’ˇªì𧔵“¬°—∫§”‡ªìπ ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ßµ√’°—∫‡ ’¬ß‚∑ À√◊Õ‡ ’¬ßµ√’°—∫‡ ’¬ßµ√’ ‡™àπ
§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
[‡ ’¬ßÕà“π]
super ´Ÿ‡ªÕ√å [´Ÿâ∫‡ªÑÕ] §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/‚∑
doctor ¥ÁÕ°‡µÕ√å [¥äÕ°‡µâÕ] §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/‚∑
Ú
tissue ∑‘™™Ÿ [∑‘¥™Ÿà, µ‘Í¥™Ÿà] §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/‚∑
buffet ∫ÿø‡ø [∫ÿä∫‡øÉ] §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/‚∑
vision «‘™—π [«‘™—Ëπ] §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/‚∑
option ÕÁÕª™—π [ÕäÕ∫™—Ëπ] §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/‚∑
apple ·Õª‡ªî≈ [·Õä∫‡ªîôπ] §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/‚∑
§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
[‡ ’¬ßÕà“π]
walk out «Õ≈å°‡Õ“µå [«âÕ°‡Õä“] §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/µ√’
excite ‡ÕÁ°´å‰´µå [‡Õä°‰´â] §”µ“¬/§”‡ªìπ µ√’/µ√’
Ú
§”π’È¡’ºŸâÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß∑—Èß·∫∫ ∑ ∑À“√ ·≈– µ ‡µà“ ºŸâÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß‡ªìπ [µ‘Í¥™Ÿà] §◊ÕºŸâ∑’˵‘¥√Ÿª·∫∫‡°à“ ‚¥¬∂Õ¥ t ‡ªìπ µ ‡µà“

µ—«‡¢’¬π°—∫‡ ’¬ßÕà“π
452
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ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Ù §” Õß欓ߧå∑’ˇªì𧔇ªìπ°—∫§”µ“¬ ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß “¡—≠°—∫‡ ’¬ß‡Õ° À√◊Õ‡ ’¬ß “¡—≠°—∫‡ ’¬ßµ√’ ‡™àπ

§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
[‡ ’¬ßÕà“π]
arcade Õ“√凧¥, Õ“√凢¥Û §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/‡Õ°
[Õ“‡¢¥]
clinic §≈‘π‘°Ù [§≈’À⁄π‘°] §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/‡Õ°
concert §Õπ‡ ‘√åµ [§Õπ‡ ‘¥] §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/‡Õ°
complex §Õ¡‡æ≈Á°´å §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/‡Õ°
[§Õ¡‡º⁄≈Á°]
boycott ∫Õ¬§Õµµå [∫Õ¬¢Õ¥] §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/‡Õ°
lasik ‡≈´‘°, ‡≈ ‘° [‡≈ ‘°] §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/‡Õ°
mosaic ‚¡‡ ° [‚¡‡ °] §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/‡Õ°
tulip ∑‘«≈‘ª [∑‘«À⁄≈‘∫] §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/‡Õ°
parade 擇√¥, 擇À√¥ §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/‡Õ°
[擇À⁄√¥]
resort √’´Õ√åµ, √’ Õ√åµ §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/‡Õ°
[√’ Õ¥]
§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
[‡ ’¬ßÕà“π]
deluxe ‡¥Õ≈ÿ°´å [‡¥Õ≈ÿ°] §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/µ√’
focus ‚ø°—  [‚ø°—Í¥] §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/µ√’
∫“ߧ”°ÁÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß∑—Èß Ú ·∫∫ ‡™àπ
§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
[‡ ’¬ßÕà“π]
APEC ‡Õ‡æÁ°, ‡Õ‡ªì° §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/µ√’,
[‡Õ‡æÁ°, ‡Õ‡ºÁ°,  “¡—≠/‡Õ°
‡Õ‡ªÖ°, ‡Õ‡ªì°]
Kodak ‚°¥—° [‚°¥—Í°/‚°¥—°] §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/µ√’,
 “¡—≠/‡Õ°
New York 𑫬Õ√å° §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/µ√’,
[𑫬âÕ°, π‘«À⁄¬Õ°]  “¡—≠/‡Õ°

Û
§”π’È∫“ߧ√—Èß°Á‡¢’¬π«à“ çÕ“‡¢µé ‚¥¬‰¡à¡’µ—«°“√—πµå
Ù
§”π’È欓ߧå·√°‡ªì𧔵“¬ ·µà¡—°®–ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß¬“« ‡ ¡◊ÕπÀπ÷Ë߇ªì𧔇ªìπ

𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

OTOP ‚Õ∑ÁÕª §”‡ªìπ/§”µ“¬  “¡—≠/µ√’,

[‚Õ∑ÁÕ∫/‚Õ∂ÁÕ∫]  “¡—≠/‡Õ°

ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë ı §” Õß欓ߧå∑’ˇªì𧔵“¬∑—ÈߧŸà ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ßµ√’°—∫µ√’ À√◊Õ‡ ’¬ßµ√’°—∫‡ ’¬ß‡Õ° ‡™àπ

§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
[‡ ’¬ßÕà“π]
fast-food ø“ µåøŸ¥ [øÑ“¥øŸÑ¥] §”µ“¬/§”µ“¬ µ√’/µ√’
§”Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–æ¬“ß§å ‡ ’¬ß«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
[‡ ’¬ßÕà“π]
cassette §— ‡´Áµ [§—¥‡ Á¥] §”µ“¬/§”µ“¬ µ√’/‡Õ°
classic §≈“ ´‘°, §≈“  ‘° §”µ“¬/§”µ“¬ µ√’/‡Õ°
[§⁄≈â“¥ ‘°]
effect ‡ÕÁø‡øì°µå [‡Õä∫‡Ωì°] §”µ“¬/§”µ“¬ µ√’/‡Õ°
Europe ¬ÿ‚√ª [¬ÿ‚À⁄√∫] §”µ“¬/§”µ“¬ µ√’/‡Õ°
limit ≈‘¡‘µ [≈‘À⁄¡‘¥] §”µ“¬/§”µ“¬ µ√’/‡Õ°
physics øî ‘°´å [øî ‘°] §”µ“¬/§”µ“¬ µ√’/‡Õ°
record ‡√Á°§Õ√å¥ [‡√Á°¢Õ¥] §”µ“¬/§”µ“¬ µ√’/‡Õ°
∫“ߧ”°ÁÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß∑—Èß Ú ·∫∫ ‡™àπ
locket ≈ÁÕ°‡°µ §”µ“¬/§”µ“¬ µ√’/µ√’,
[≈ÁÕ°‡°â¥, ≈ÁÕ°‡°Á¥] µ√’/‡Õ°
offset ÕÁÕø‡´Áµ §”µ“¬/§”µ“¬ µ√’/µ√’,
[ÕäÕ∫‡´Á¥, ÕäÕ∫‡ Á¥] µ√’/‡Õ°
technique ‡∑§π‘§ı §”µ“¬/§”µ“¬ µ√’/µ√’,
[‡∑Á°π‘°, ‡∑Á°À⁄π‘°] µ√’/‡Õ°

‡Àµÿ∑’ˇ ’¬ß‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª°Á‡æ√“–‡√‘Ë¡
‰¥â¬‘π‡ ’¬ß µà“ߧπµà“ß°ÁÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß‰ª
µ“¡∑’ˉ¥â¬‘π °“√‰¡à„™â√Ÿª«√√≥¬ÿ°µå
°”°—∫®÷߇ªìπ°“√‡≈’ˬߪí≠À“°“√‡¢’¬π
·µà °Á Õ “®®– √â “ ߪí ≠ À“„Àâ · °à ºŸâ ‡ √’ ¬ π
¿“…“‰∑¬ ∑’ˉ¡à∑√“∫«à“§”„¥‡ªìπ§”
‰∑¬§”„¥‡ªìπ§”∑—∫»—æ∑å
ªí≠ À“¢â“ ßµâπ Õ“®®–‡ªì π ªí≠ À“
‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π¢≥–π’È π—Ëπ§◊Õ
ºŸâ„™â¿“…“‰∑¬ªí®®ÿ∫—πÕ“®®–‰¡à∑√“∫
«à“ §”∑’Ë„™âÕ—°…√‰∑¬‡¢’¬ππ—È𧔄¥‡ªìπ
§”‰∑¬ ·≈–§”„¥‡ªì𧔠ç∑—∫»—æ∑åé
®“°¿“…“∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ
¢âÕ∑’Ëπà“ —߇°µ‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡°≥±å°“√
„™â æ ¬— ≠ ™π–‡ ’ ¬ ߵ˔ À√◊ Õ Õ— ° …√µË”
„π§”∑— ∫ »— æ ∑å °Á §◊ Õ ∂÷ ß ·¡â «à “ ‡°≥±å
ªí®®ÿ∫—π®–°”Àπ¥„Àâ„™â欗≠™π–‡ ’¬ß
µË” ·µà§”∑—∫»—æ∑å∫“ߧ”∑’‡Ë °Á∫‰«â·≈â«„π
æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫— ∫√“™∫—≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π
°≈—∫„™â欗≠™π–‡ ’¬ß Ÿß ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇠’¬ß
«√√≥¬ÿ°µå‡ªìπ‡ ’¬ß‡Õ° ‡™àπ concert

ı
 –°¥µ“¡·∫∫‡¥‘¡ ¡‘‰¥â„™âÀ≈—°‡°≥±å°“√∑—∫»—æ∑å·∫∫„À¡à

µ—«‡¢’¬π°—∫‡ ’¬ßÕà“π
454
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§Õπ‡ ‘ √å µ [§Õπ‡ ‘ ¥ ] load ‚À≈¥ ˆ
[‚À⁄≈¥] mosaic ‚¡‡ ° [‚¡‡ °] physics
øî ‘° å [øî ‘°] serge ‡ ‘√å® [‡ ‘¥] serve
‡ ‘√åø [‡ ‘∫] vote ‚À«µ [‚À⁄«¥] ®÷ß
‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ„À⡧’ ”Õ’°À≈“¬§”∑’¬Ë ß— ¡‘‰¥â‡°Á∫
‰«â„πæ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π¬÷¥∂◊Õ√Ÿª·∫∫π’È∫â“ß À√◊Õ¬÷¥∂◊Õ
‡°≥±å„À¡à∫â“ß ‡™àπ arcade Õ“√凧¥,
Õ“√凢¥ [Õ“‡¢¥] classic §≈“ ´‘°,
§≈“  ‘° [§⁄≈â“¥ ‘°] lasik ‡≈´‘°, ‡≈ ‘°
[‡≈ ‘°] late ‡≈µ, ‡À≈µ [‡À⁄≈¥] maid
‡¡¥, ‡À¡¥ [‡À⁄¡¥] rate ‡√µ, ‡À√µ
[‡À⁄√¥] shade ‡™¥, ‡©¥ [‡©¥] parade
擇√¥, 擇À√¥ [擇À⁄ √ ¥] resort
√’´Õ√åµ, √’ Õ√åµ [√’ Õ¥]
µ—«‡¢’¬π√Ÿª·√°∑’Ë„™âÕ—°…√µË”π—Èπ
‡ªì 𠉪µ“¡‡°≥±å ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π  à « πµ— «
‡¢’ ¬ π√Ÿ ª À≈— ß ∑’Ë „ ™â Õ— ° …√ Ÿ ß ‡¢’ ¬ πµ“¡
‡ ’¬ß∑’ˉ¥â¬‘π ·µà‰¡à«à“®–„™â√Ÿª„¥°ÁÕÕ°
‡ ’ ¬ ß·∫∫‡¥’ ¬ «°— π À“°„™â · ∫∫·√°
°Á §◊ Õ °“√„™â µ “¡‡°≥±å ° “√∑— ∫ »— æ ∑å
ªí®®ÿ∫—π À“°„™â·∫∫À≈—ß°Á§◊Õ °“√µ—Èß™◊ËÕ
‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëߧ◊Õ ™◊ËÕ ‘π§â“∑’ˉ¡à
µâÕß°“√§«“¡°”°«¡ ·≈–‡ªìπ ‘∑∏‘ à«π
∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â
¯. °“√ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ßÕ—°…√™ÿ¥ °
¢§
„π¢âÕ Ú ‰¥â°≈à“«‰«â·≈â««à“ ¿“…“
∑’Ëπ”Õ—°…√™ÿ¥ A B C ‰ª„™âµà“ß°ÁÕÕ°
‡ ’¬ßµà“ß Ê °—π‰ªµ“¡√–∫∫‡ ’¬ß¢Õß
µπ „π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π ¿“…“∑’Ë π”
Õ—°…√™ÿ¥ ° ¢ § ‰ª„™âµà“ß°ÁÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß
µà“ß Ê °—π‰ª ¥—ß®–‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°“√
ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß√–À«à“ß¿“…“‰∑¬°—∫¿“…“
‡¢¡√ ¥—ßπ’È

° ¢ § ¶ ß
‰∑¬Õà“π °Õ ¢Õ §Õ §Õ ßÕ
‡¢¡√Õà“π °Õ §Õ ‚° ‚§ ‚ß
® © ™ ¨ ≠
‰∑¬Õà“π ®Õ ©Õ ™Õ ™Õ ¬Õ
‡¢¡√Õà“π ®Õ ™Õ ‚® ‚™ ‚≠
Ø ∞ ± ≤ ≥
‰∑¬Õà“π µÕ ∂Õ ∑Õ ∑Õ πÕ
‡¢¡√Õà“π µÕ ∑Õ ‚¥ ‚∑ ≥Õ
µ ∂ ∑ ∏ π
‰∑¬Õà“π µÕ ∂Õ ∑Õ ∑Õ πÕ
‡¢¡√Õà“π µÕ ∑Õ ‚µ ‚∑ ‚π
∫ º æ ¿ ¡
‰∑¬Õà“π ∫Õ ºÕ æÕ æÕ ¡Õ
‡¢¡√Õà“π ∫Õ æÕ ‚ª ‚æ ‚¡
¬ √ ≈ «   À Ã Õ
‰∑¬Õà“π ¬Õ √Õ ≈Õ «Õ  Õ ÀÕ ≈Õ ÕÕ
‡¢¡√Õà“𠂬 ‚√ ‚≈ ‚« ´Õ ŒÕ ≈Õ ÕÕ
(¥Ÿ√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π Õà“π¿“…“‡¢¡√ ¢Õß »“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.°“≠®π“ 𓧠°ÿ≈)

ˆ
§”π’È∂÷ß·¡â®–‰¡àª√“°Ø„πæ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ·µà°Á‰¥â‡°Á∫‰«â·≈â«„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ »—æ∑å§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ “√ π‡∑»
©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥
455
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

∑—È߉∑¬·≈–‡¢¡√µà“ß°Á¬◊¡¿“…“∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ¡“„™â ·µà«‘∏’Õà“π°Á·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ªµ“¡√–∫∫¢Õßµπ
µ—«Õ¬à“ß ‡™àπ
¿“…“∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ˜ ‰∑¬‡¢’¬π ‰∑¬Õà“π ‡¢¡√Õà“π
Bhumi ¿Ÿ¡‘ [柡, 柡‘] [柡]
Buddha æÿ∑∏ [æÿ¥] [ªÿ¥]
canda, candra ®—π∑å, ®—π∑√å [®—π] [®—π]
devatam ‡∑«¥“ [‡∑«–¥“] [‡µ‡«’¬–µ“]
dhamma, dharma ∏—¡¡, ∏√√¡ [∑”] [‡∑◊Õ¡‡¡’¬–]
jaya ™—¬ [‰™] [‡®Á¬]
muni ¡ÿπ’ [¡ÿπ’] [¡ÿπ‘]
siha  ’Àå,  ’À– [ ’,  ’À–] [‡´Á¬, ‡´Á¬Œ–]
tara ¥“√“ [¥“√“] [µ“√“]
¿“…“‡¢¡√¯ ‡¢¡√Õà“π ‰∑¬‡¢’¬π ‰∑¬Õà“π
°¡⁄æÿ™“ [°—¡ªÿ‡®’¬] °—¡æŸ™“ [°—¡æŸ™“]
°Ì‡Æ“ [°ÁÕ¡‡¥“] °”‡¥“ [°”‡¥“]
‡¢⁄¡√ [‡§⁄¡√å] ‡¢¡√ [¢–‡À⁄¡π]
®⁄√¡ÿ– [®⁄√Õ‚¡–Àå] ®¡Ÿ° [®–À⁄¡Ÿ°]
®¡⁄‡√’π [®ÁÕ¡‡√‘π] ‡®√‘≠ [®–‡√‘π]
‡¨’ [‡™Õ] ‡¨Õ [‡™Õ]
‡Æ’√ [‡¥Õ√å] ‡¥‘π [‡¥‘π]
‡æ≠ [‡ªì≠, ªî≠] ‡æÁ≠ [‡æÁπ]
√‡∫’¬∫ [√—«‡∫’¬∫] √–‡∫’¬∫ [√–‡∫’¬∫]
«ß⁄‡«ß [«Á«ß‡«ß] «—߇«ß [«—߇«ß]
 ª⁄ª“¬ [ —∫∫“¬]  ∫“¬ [ –∫“¬]

®“°µ—«Õ¬à“ߧ”‰∑¬∑’Ë∑—∫»—æ∑å¡“ ¡“ Ÿ¿à “…“‰∑¬π“π·≈â« ‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ¿“…“ √ŸªÕ—°…√‚√¡—π∑’„Ë ™âππ—È √—°…“§«“¡À¡“¬

®“°¿“…“∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ·≈–¿“…“‡¢¡√
∑’¬Ë °¡“¢â“ßµâππ’È ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«“à µà“ß¿“…“
µà“ß°ÁÕà“π‰ª§π≈–Õ¬à“ßµ“¡√–∫∫‡ ’¬ß
¢Õßµπ ‡™◊ËÕ«à“ºŸâ„™â¿“…“∑—Ë«‰ª∑’Ë¡‘„™à
π—°¿“…“Õ“®®–‰¡à∑√“∫°Á‰¥â«“à §”‡À≈à“π’È
¡’∑¡’Ë “®“°¿“…“µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡æ√“–‡¢â“
Õ—ß°ƒ…„À¡à Ê ∑’ˇæ‘Ë߇¢â“¡“ ®÷ß®—∫§«“¡
·µ°µà“߉¥âßà“¬
‡¡◊Ë Õæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–¡ß°ÿÆ
‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«æ√–√“™∑“ππ“¡ °ÿ≈
π—Èπ ∑√ß°”Àπ¥∑—Èß√Ÿª‡¢’¬π¿“…“‰∑¬
·≈–√Ÿª‡¢’¬π∑’Ë„™âÕ—°…√‚√¡—π„Àâ¥â«¬ ·µà
¢Õß¿“…“∫“≈’  — π  °ƒµ‰«â À“°Õà “ π
µ“¡Õ— ° …√‚√¡— π ‚¥¬‰¡à √Ÿâ ¡ “°à Õ π«à “
¿“…“‰∑¬Õà “ πÕ¬à “ ߉√°Á ® –ÕÕ°‡ ’ ¬ ß
‡ªì π ∫“≈’  — π  °ƒµÀ√◊ Õ Õ— ß °ƒ… ‚¥¬
®–¢Õ„™âµ—«Õ¬à“߇¥‘¡ ¥—ßπ’È

˜
‡æ◊ËÕ¡‘„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“„π°“√‡¢’¬πÕà“πµ—«‡∑«π“§√’ ®÷ߢՄÀâÕ—°…√‚√¡—π·∑π
¯
‡æ◊ËÕ¡‘„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“„π°“√‡¢’¬πÕà“πµ—«‡¢¡√ ®÷ߢՄÀâÕ—°…√‰∑¬·∑π

µ—«‡¢’¬π°—∫‡ ’¬ßÕà“π
456
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

√Ÿª‡¢’¬π ‡ ’¬ßÕà“π·∫∫∫“≈’ —π °ƒµÀ√◊ÕÕ—ß°ƒ… ¿“…“‰∑¬

Bhumi [∫Ÿ¡‘] ¿Ÿ¡‘
Buddha [∫ÿ䥥â“] æÿ∑∏
canda, candra [§—π¥â“, §—π¥√â“] ®—π∑å, ®—π∑√å
devatam [‡¥«“µ—¡] ‡∑«¥“
dhamma, dharma [¥—¡¡–, ¥“√¡–] ∏—¡¡, ∏√√¡
jaya [®–¬–] ™—¬
muni [¡ÿπ‘] ¡ÿπ’
siha [ ’À–]  ’Àå,  ’À–
tara [µ“√“] ¥“√“
©–π—Èπ ™◊ËÕ ç«—π‡æÁ≠é ç· π¥’é ·≈– ç ¡√é ®÷ßÕ“®®–¡’ºŸâ„™âÕ—°…√‚√¡—π‡¢’¬π¥—ßπ’È
«—π‡æÁ≠ = Vanben
· π¥’ = Saendiˆ (µ—« i ¡’‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬§≈⓬„π¿“…“Ω√—Ë߇» )
 ¡√ = Samara
‚¥¬ √ÿª ™◊ËÕ∑—Èß Û ™◊ËÕπ’È®÷ß¡’∑“߇≈◊Õ°µà“ß Ê ¥—ßπ’È §◊Õ
«—π‡æÁ≠ = Wanphen, One Pen, Vanben
· π¥’ = Sændi, Saendi, Sandy, Saendiˆ
 ¡√ = c
Sam0n, Samon, Small, Samara

™◊ËÕÕ◊Ëπ Ê °ÁÕ¬Ÿà„π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—ππ’È °—π‰¥â ·µà°“√ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß¬àÕ¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ 𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥. ªí≠À“°“√„™â¿“…“‰∑¬.

¢÷πÈ Õ¬Ÿ°à ∫— «à“‡®â“¢Õß™◊ÕË µâÕß°“√„™â‡°≥±å
„¥ „π Ù ‡°≥±åµàÕ‰ªπ’È §◊Õ ·∫∫∂Õ¥
‡ ’¬ß (transcription) ·∫∫∂Õ¥Õ—°…√
‡ªìπÕ—°…√‚√¡—π (Romanization) ·∫∫
∂Õ¥Õ—°…√‚¥¬‡∑’¬∫°—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…
(Anglicization) ·≈–·∫∫¢Õßæ√–∫“∑
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–¡ß°ÿƇ°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«
˘.  √ÿª
À≈—°∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
∑’ˉ¥â°≈à“«‰«â·≈â«¢â“ßµâππ’È πà“®–‡ªìπ
‡§√◊ÕË ß¬◊π¬—π‰¥â«“à µ—«‡¢’¬π°—∫‡ ’¬ßÕà“π
¡‘„™à‡√◊ËÕ߇¥’¬«°—π ¿“…“∑’˵à“ß°—πÕ“®
®–„™â√ŸªÕ—°…√™ÿ¥‡¥’¬«°—πÀ√◊Õ„°≈⇧’¬ß
·µà≈–¿“…“ ©–π—Èπ°“√∑—∫»—æ∑剡à«à“
®–°”À𥇰≥±å‰«âÕ¬à“߉√°Á‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß
¢âÕ ¡¡µ‘∑’˺Ÿâ„™âµâÕß∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„® ·≈–
µâÕ߬ա√—∫§«“¡®√‘ß«à“®–„À⇠’¬ß‡∑à“
‡∑’¬¡°—∫‡ ’¬ß¿“…“‡¥‘¡¡‘‰¥â ·µà∂Ⓡªìπ
§”¬◊¡ °Á “¡“√∂∑’Ë®–¥—¥·ª≈߇ ’¬ß„Àâ
‡¢â“°—∫¿“…“¢ÕߺŸâ¬◊¡‰¥â ·≈–Õ“®®–∂◊Õ
‰¥â«à“ §”π—Èπ¡‘‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà„π∞“π–¿“…“µà“ß
ª√–‡∑»À√◊Õ§”∑—∫»—æ∑åÕ’°µàÕ‰ª·≈â«
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡
°“≠®π“ 𓧠°ÿ≈ . ÚıÛ˘. Õà“π¿“…“‡¢¡√.
æ‘ ¡ æå§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : ®ÿ à “≈ß°√≥å
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬.
©∫—∫ª√—∫ª√ÿß„À¡à æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë Ò. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“¡§”·Àß, ÚıÙ˜.
∫√√®∫ æ— π ∏ÿ ‡ ¡∏“.æ®π“πÿ ° √¡‡¢¡√ - ‰∑¬
©∫—∫∑ÿπæ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
®ß‡®√‘≠°“√æ‘¡æå, ÚıÒ˜.
√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π.æ®π“πÿ ° √¡ ©∫— ∫ √“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙÚ. æ‘ ¡ æå § √—È ß
∑’Ë Ò. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : π“π¡’∫ÿ䧠å, ÚıÙˆ.
_______. »—æ∑å§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ “√
 π‡∑». ©∫—∫·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡ æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë ˆ.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ :  À¡‘µ√æ√‘Èπµ‘Èß, ÚıÙˆ.
Õ¡√¥√ÿ≥“√—°…å, ®¡◊Ëπ (·®à¡  ÿπ∑√‡«™). æ√–√“™-
°√≥’¬°‘® ”§—≠„πæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–¡ß°ÿÆ
‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« ‡√◊ËÕß°”‡π‘¥π“¡ °ÿ≈ ‡≈à¡ Ò
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : §ÿ√ÿ ¿“, ÚıÒÒ.
Õÿ¥¡ «‚√µ¡å ‘°¢¥‘µ∂å. §«“¡√Ÿâ‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ‡°’Ë¬«°—∫
¿“…“. æ‘¡æå§√—ßÈ ∑’Ë ˜. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
√“¡§”·Àß, ÚıÙı.

𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥
457
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

Abstract Written Script and Pronunciation

Nitaya Kanchanawan
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand

Two or more different languages may use similar or different sets of symbols for writing purposes.
The same symbol set may be modified to suit a particular language in question. The crucial point is that
each language contains it’s own pronunciation. Thus, the same linguistic symbol set may not represent
the same sounds for two different languages. This can be seen in the case of Roman script used in
transcribing English, French, German, etc. and in the case of the Thai and Cambodian scripts which came
from the same origin. Thus, using different sets of written symbol for the same language may cause some
problems in pronunciation.
In the early days of foreign language borrowing the use of Thai script for foreign words was çsound
orientedé since the original scripts and their pronunciation were not available to the general public. Later
on when the written forms were available, the Thai script was used directly, adding tone marks to make
them more like Thai words. At present the tone mark is omitted since the original sounds can be heard.
The language user has more freedom to adapt the tone according to the context. It is possible to see where
the syllable tone for each word has varied through time.
Regarding the use of Roman script for Thai words, there are four different ways to transcribe:
transcription (adaptation of the International Phonetic Alphabet), Romanization, Anglicization and the
Rama VI system in which the Pali and Sanskrit written forms are retained.
Thus, using the Thai script to represent foreign words, no matter which rules are used, all the
systems are only an approximation of the original sound, and the user must learn and understand the
purpose of the system. The language user should accept the fact that no system will ever be equal to the
original sound. In the case of borrowed words, however, the sound may be adapted to the borrower’s
system. Thus, over time borrowed words may come to be considered no longer as foreign words, but
rather as part of the vocabulary of the borrowing language.

Key words : Roman script, Thai script, phonetic symbol, International Phonetic Alphabet, transcription,
Romanization, Anglicization, Rama VI system

µ—«‡¢’¬π°—∫‡ ’¬ßÕà“π
458
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

π‘∑“πæ√–√“¡„π∞“π–«√√≥°√√¡ ª√–§Õß π‘¡¡“π‡À¡‘π∑å

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
æÿ∑∏»“ π“* √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
π‘∑“π‡√◊ËÕßæ√–√“¡ ‰¥â·æ√à°√–®“¬‡¢â“ Ÿà≈â“ππ“·≈–¥‘π·¥π¢Õß™π™“µ‘‰∑À≈“¬°≈ÿà¡ «√√≥°√√¡‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȉ¥â√—∫
°“√¥—¥·ª≈ß„À⇪ìπ«√√≥°√√¡æÿ∑∏»“ π“„π≈â“ππ“·≈–°≈ÿà¡™π™“µ‘‰∑∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„°≈⇧’¬ß °“√»÷°…“«√√≥°√√¡‡√◊ËÕß
æ√–√“¡¢Õß≈â“ππ“ ‰∑≈◊ÈÕ ·≈–≈“« ™à«¬„Àâ √ÿª‰¥â«à“ §«“¡‡™◊ËÕ·≈–ª√–‡æ≥’Õ—π‡π◊ËÕߥ⫬æÿ∑∏»“ π“„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ∑”„Àâ
π‘∑“πæ√–√“¡∂Ÿ°π”¡“ √â“ß √√§å‡ªìπ«√√≥°√√¡æÿ∑∏»“ π“ „π°“√ √â“ß √√§åπ‘∑“πæ√–√“¡„À⇪ìπ«√√≥°√√¡
æÿ∑∏»“ π“„π≈â“ππ“·≈–°≈ÿࡧπ‰∑π—Èπ¡’ Û «‘∏’ §◊Õ Ò. · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“¡’∑’Ë¡“®“°æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° Ú.  √â“߇ªìπ
«√√≥°√√¡™“¥° ·≈– Û. ·∑√°À≈—°∏√√¡∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“ «√√≥π‘∑“π‡√◊ËÕßæ√–√“¡¢Õß≈â“ππ“·≈–§π‰∑∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„°≈â
‡§’¬ßπà“®–¡’∑’Ë¡“®“°À≈“¬·À≈àß ·≈–‡°‘¥°“√ √â“ß √√§å¢÷Èπ„À¡à‡ªìπ«√√≥°√√¡∑’Ë„Àâ¡’∫∑∫“∑Àπâ“∑’Ë„π°“√‡º¬·æ√à
§µ‘∏√√¡∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“ ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“߇ √‘¡ —𵑠ÿ¢„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ

§” ”§—≠ : π‘∑“πæ√–√“¡, √“¡“¬≥–, «√√≥°√√¡æÿ∑∏»“ π“, ™“¥°æ◊Èπ∫â“π

∫∑‡°√‘Ëπ ¡’°“√π”¡“ √â“ß √√§å‡ªìπ«√√≥°√√¡  ”π«π (¥Ÿ√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π Winternitz

¡Õ√‘´ «‘π‡∑Õ√åπ‘µ´å (Maurice
Winternitz) π—°«‘™“°“√ºŸâÀπ÷Ëß∑’ˉ¥â
»÷°…“§«“¡‡ªìπ¡“¢Õß¡À“°“æ¬å√“¡“-
¬≥–Õ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥≈ÕÕ‰¥â √ÿª«à“ ¡À“
°“æ¬å‡√◊ËÕßπ’Èπà“®–¡’∑’Ë¡“®“°π‘∑“π‡√◊ËÕß
æ√–√“¡ ´÷Ë߇º¬·æ√àÕ¬Ÿà„πÕ‘π‡¥’¬‡ªìπ
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* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ò˜ 惻®‘°“¬π æ.». ÚıÙ˜

ª√–§Õß π‘¡¡“π‡À¡‘π∑å
459
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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ª√–§Õß π‘¡¡“π‡À¡‘π∑å
465
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

‡®â“≈ÿπ≈Ÿà - ‡«∑π“  ÿ¢∑ÿ°¢å Õ ÿ¢¡∑ÿ°¢å

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„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ °“√ √â “ ß √√§å « √√≥°√√¡¢÷È π
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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468
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∫√√≥“§“√ Õ¡√°“√æ‘¡æå, ÚıÒı.
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‡Õ° “√Õ—°…√∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ
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 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

Abstract The Story of Rama in Buddhist Literature

Prakong Nimmanahaeminda
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand

The story of Rama disseminated from India to Lanna and many Tai communities in neighbouring
countries. This Indian myth has been changed into Buddhist literature in these areas. The studying
of Rama stories of Lanna, Tai Lue and Laos can be concluded that local belief and practice in Buddhism
are the main cause of this changing. There are three tactics in changing Rama stories into Buddhist
literature : 1. The stories are mentioned to be devined from Buddhist doctrine written in Pali language
2. It is one of Jatakas. 3. Present some Buddhist teaching or Dhamma. Their significant function is to
promote Buddhist Dhamma among the Tai people and to lead peaceful lives in societies.

Key words : Rama Story, Ramayana, Buddhist Literature, folk Jakata

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„π‡¥◊Õπ¡°√“§¡ æ.». ÚÙ¯ı ‡¡◊ËÕ‡´âß∂Ÿ°µ”√«®®—∫°ÿ¡∑’Ë∫â“π

§” ”§—≠ : ·≈‰ª¢â“ßÀπâ“, »√’∫Ÿ√æ“, π«π‘¬“¬‰∑¬

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π«π‘ ¬ “¬‡√◊Ë Õ ß ·≈‰ª¢â “ ßÀπâ “ ¢Õß  π—∫ πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬ ( °«.)Ò »√’∫Ÿ√æ“ »÷°…“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡·Ààß
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®—¥‡ªìπÀπ—ß ◊Õ¥’‡¥àπ‡√◊ËÕßÀπ÷Ëß„π Ò „πªïπ®’È ß÷ ‡ªìπ«“√–§√∫√Õ∫ Ò ªï™“µ- ¬°¬àÕß„À⇪ìπ∫ÿ§§≈ ”§—≠ºŸâ¡’º≈ß“π¥’
‡√◊ËÕß∑’˧π‰∑¬§«√Õà“π®“°°“√§—¥ √√ °“≈¢Õß»√’∫Ÿ√æ“À√◊Õπ“¡®√‘ß«à“𓬠‡¥àπ¥â“π«√√≥°√√¡∑’Ë¡’‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ à߇ √‘¡

*Ò ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ò˘ 情¿“§¡ æ.». ÚıÙ¯

 °«., Àπ—ß ◊Õ¥’ Ò ™◊ËÕ‡√◊ËÕß∑’˧π‰∑¬§«√Õà“π, ÚıÙÒ

®‘πµπ“ ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘»
493
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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®‘πµπ“ ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘»
495
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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®‘πµπ“ ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘»
497
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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®‘πµπ“ ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘»
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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504
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Abstract Looking Forward by Sriburapha

Chintana Damronglerd
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand

Looking Forward is regarded as the best novel among all the works of Sriburapha. It consists of
two parts: the Early Age and the Middle Age. The story in the first part, the Early Age, is set prior to the
political change of 1932. The main character, Chantha Nondindaeng, is the son of a poor farmer from one
of the Northeastern provinces. Fortunately an aristocrat, Chao Khun Abhibanrajathani, takes him into
his care and sends him to school in Bangkok.
In the Early Age part, the author compares and contrasts the images of the life of severe poverty of
a common country man of the times to the wealthy lifestyle of the people in the capital, all through the
eyes of Chantha as he begins his new life in the new school. There he finds two new friends: Nithat
and Seng. Nithat is an extrovert-intelligent, outspoken, independent and brave-from a normal middle
class family. Seng, on other hand, is a quiet bookworm who excels in mathematics and is the son of a
Chinese clock maker.
The Middle Age starts after the political change over from Absolute Monarchy to Constitutional
Monarchy. The new government’s promises create a positive environment all over the country. For the
first time the people feel the joy of democracy and freedom. Chantha works at the Interior Ministry.
Nithat works as a teacher at their school while, along with Chantha, pursues a Bachelor Degree at
Thammasat University. Seng becomes a journalist. After college, Chantha returns to his hometown
and becomes an Assitant District Attorney. He settles down, marrying Nithat’s little sister, Phayom.
Nithat wins a scholarship to go to England for a Graduate Degree in Law.
Once World War II starts, the government revokes the Constitution. Marshall Law is declared
in December of 1941. Mass arrests and detentions of people who pose a threat to the new regime are
issued-journalists are one of the professions on the list. This part of the story ends when Seng is arrested
in his home on January of 1942.

Key words : Looking Forward, Sriburapha, Thai novels

®‘πµπ“ ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘»
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005 ∫∑∑∫∑«π

摇»…
Welfare Philosophy in Pattamaporn Busapathumrong
Associate Fellow of the Academy of

Buddhism* Moral and Political Sciences,

The Royal Institute,
Thailand

Abstract
The Buddhist religion has been developed as a religious institution in various countries
for centuries. Buddhism influences major concepts in welfare philosophy such as equality, philanthropy
and its application in most Asian societies. This paper traces the origin of Buddhism with the emphasis
on Theravada Buddhism, the expansion and the Teaching of the Buddha (or the Four Noble Truths
consisting of dukka or suffering, samuthaya - the origin of suffering, nirodha - the cessation of suffering
and marca - the paths leading to the cessation of suffering). It also refers to Buddhist texts in a few Suttas
relevant to welfare philosophy in Buddhism such as Sigalovada Sutta - a framework of human needs and
freedom. Savodaya (or the mutual efforts and cooperations), Sa Kaeo temple, and Yensanit-thammaram
temple in Kanchanaburi Province exemplify the application of Buddhism in welfare philosophy.

Key words : welfare philosophy, Buddhism.

I. Introduction In the late nineteenth century, Savodaya, a community based effort

In most Asian countries,
religion has been developed as a
religious institution for many
centuries. At the state level, religion
contributes to the welfare function
which the government provides for
its citizens. At the local level,
Buddhist doctrines influence the
people to perform charity and
philanthropic actions.
most Asian nations became
modernized, the government no
longer considered social welfare as
charity, or philanthropy, but as the
basic rights that the citizen should
enjoy. Simultaneously, non-govern-
mental organizations also offered
social service programs which
incorporated and applied the Buddhist
concept. As will be discussed later,
for peace in Sri Lanka, and Wat
Sa Kaeo, a Thai temple, demonstrate
the application of the Buddhist
concept to social service programs. 1
II. Background of Buddhism
(1) General Background
As stated by Lyons and
Peters, the origin of Buddhism goes

* Lecturer, Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Asian University of Science and Technology, Chon Buri, Thailand. My sincere
appreciation and thanks for their kind advice go to Phrakhrue Supatara Kanchanakij, Yensanit-Thammaram Temple (Kanchanaburi Province)
and Mr. William M. Zabel, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Asian University of Science and Technology
1
Jo Anna Macy, çIn Indraûs Net : Sarvodaya & Our Mutual Efforts for Peace,é in The Path of Compassion, Berkeley : buddhist Peace Fellowship,
1988; B. Matthew, çDistrict Development Councils in Sri Lanka,é in Asian Survey, Vol. XXII, pp. 1117-1134.

Welfare Philosophy in Buddhism

516

back to the sixth century B.C.E. when
a new doctrine was developed in
northern India (now it is in Nepal). 2
The founder of Buddhism, Sidhartha
Gautama was born in the mid-sixth
century B.C.E. as the son of a ruling
kshatriya family. He was concerned
about the problems of life, death, and
suffering. The legend informs us that
Mara (or killer in Pali) tried to tempt
Sidhartha Gautama with power and
girls. The lines that the Buddha
addressed to Mara, as recorded in
the Sutta Nipata:
“Sensual pleasures are your
first army,
Discontent your second is called.
Your third is hunger and thirst,
The fourth is called craving.
Sloth and torpor are your fifth,
The sixth is called fear,
Your seventh is doubt,
Conceit and ingratitude are
your eighth,
Gain, renown, honor and
whatever fame is falsely
received (are the ninth),
And whoever both extols
himself and disparages others
(has fallen victim to the tenth).
That is your army, Namuci
[Mara], the striking force of
darkness.
One who is not a hero cannot
conquer it, but having conquered
it, one obtains happiness.” 3
2
Elizabeth Lyons and Heather Peters, Buddhism : History and Diversity of a Great Tradition, (Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania,
1985), p. 5.
3
Sayadaw U Pandita, In This Very Life : The Liberation Teachings of the Buddha, (Kandy, Sri Lanka : Buddhist Publication Society), p. 63.
4
Op.cit., p. 19.
5
Elizabeth Lyons and Heather Peters. Buddhism : History and Diversity of a Great Tradition. (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 1985),
p. 19.
6
Ibid., pp. 19, 20.
Patthamaporn Busapathumrong
After much effort, he
discovered the Four Noble Truths
and nirvana (nibbana) which can
be accessed by anyone, no matter
what caste or social standing they
are. His teaching aimed at the
salvation of individuals through an
individual’s personal struggle with
reality and truth. Teachers could
assist in this struggle, but it was up
to the individual to achieve the
indescribable Nirvana. This key
element in Buddhism became more
worldly later on. 4
There were two different
interpretations of his teaching:
Hinayana Buddhism and later on it
was called Theravada Buddhism, and
Mahayana Buddhism. Mahayana
Buddhism stresses salvation to
all people and holds the idea that
Buddha had spiritual power and
embodies compassion. In contrast,
Theravada Buddhism emphasizes
individual action and self-improve-
ment. 5
One of the explanations of
how Buddhism became widespread
in Asia is the trade expansion.
Theravada Buddhism expanded
from India when the Buddhist monks
took on trading ships moving to the
East and established more or less
permanent settlements in Burma,
Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia. In
contrast, the Mahayana school was
more diffused in the inland, in
517
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
northern and western parts of the
Indian subcontinent (around 2nd
centuries B.C. and 3rd centuries
A.D.). During the centuries just
before and after the birth of Christ,
trade between China and the
Mediterranean moved overland
which is called the Silk Route.
Merchants from China, Central Asia,
Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Iran
and the Mediterranean brought silks
and other merchandise from China
to Rome to exchange for Roman
gold, furs, and jade. Given the fact
that the Silk Route passed through
the north Western parts of the
subcontinent, Chinese and Japanese
Buddhists are practitioners of the
Mahayana sect. 6
(2) The Teachings of Buddha
The teachings of Buddha,
or the Four Noble Truths, are dukka
or suffering, samuthaya - the origin
of suffering, nirodha - the cessation
of suffering and marca - the paths
leading to the cessation of suffering.
The Buddha found that birth is the
cause of suffering because of decay
and death, and traced the unending
cycle of rebirth and death. Then, he
contemplated the way in which
ignorance gives rise to karmic
formation. Under karmic law, a
person goes through a chain
of causation of birth and death
(praticcasamuppada). If the person
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
does not pay attention to his/her
actions, he/she will be in the cycle
of birth and death again and again.
The Buddha views the cessation
of birth as the cause of the cessation
of suffering. 7
The other fundamental
concept is the Law of Karma, as
pointed out by Warren8, and Suniti
Chatterji 9, Karma refers to volitional
action of which there are two types:
good (kusala) and bad (akusala).
Good karma produces merit (punna
or bun) for which there is favorable
of pleasurable retribution while bad
karma produces demerit (apunna)
for which there is unfavorable or
unpleasant retribution.
III. Welfare Philosophy and
Buddhism
(1) Philanthropic Giving and
Buddhism
Based on the whole concept
of the Four Noble Truths and the
Law of Karma, Buddhism explains
why people are born in different
social status. Everyone has equal
opportunity to achieve higher status
if they perform good actions. Given
that A has higher social status than
B, A can accumulate merit (bun or
baramee) and performs philanthropic
actions.
Philanthropic giving can
be viewed as meritorious action
7
Henry C. Warren, Buddhism in Translations, (Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1953), pp. 214-252.
8
Ibid., pp. 226-228.
9
Suniti K. Chatterji, çBuddha and Humanity,é in The Journal of Siam Society, (Vol. XLVlll, 1960), pp. 88-90.
10
Padmasiri de Silva, çThe Concept of Equality in the Theravada Buddhist Tradition,é in Equality and the Religious Traditions of Asia, London:
Frances Pinter, pp. 74-97.
as exemplified in the Four Nobel
States of Mind - kindness (metta),
compassion (karuna), sympathetic
(muttita) and equanimity (uppekka).
To ensure that the Four Nobel States
of Mind have been transmitted to the
younger generations, most Buddhists
usually are taught to follow these
principles during their childhood.
(2) Buddhism and the concept
of equality
Regarding the concept of
equality, there are two main critiques
raised by Western and the Asian
women’s groups. The critiques are
about the poverty and the status of
women in Buddhist societies. Many
Western scholars question whether or
not the Buddhist concept of equality
keeps the poor feeling satisfied with
their social status and later became
passive in improving their social
status in their present lives.
The other critique is given
by groups of women scholars in
Asia. In Buddhism, only men can
ordain as monks whereas women
cannot. For example, in the
traditional Thai families, the son will
ordain before or right after he gets
married. It is believed that his
mother, his father, and other relatives
including his wives (if any), and
sons/daughters will receive merit
(bun) from him. This implies the idea
that a person who ordains receives
518
more merit than the one who does
not. Does it mean that women cannot
perform the action that she will
receive high merit ?
There have been the
responses to the critiques. For
example, Padmasiri de Silva10, in
his article, “The Concept of
Equality in the Theravada Buddhist
Tradition,” discusses the ongoing
debate on Buddhism’s concept of
equality and human rights. He
contends that the Buddhist way of
looking at things is different from
Western way. One should examine
the concept of equality by looking at
the reciprocal relationship of people
in various social positions. De Silva
refers to two sources of Buddhist
texts: Sigalovada Sutta, and Ma-
dhura Sutta.
Sigalovada Sutta intro-
duces a framework of human needs
and freedom and emphasizes the
role of the individual for the purpose
of attaining liberation (nirvana).
People are different and behind the
differences is the ability to make
merit and social advantage.
In Sigalovada Sutta, the
concept of equality is also expressed
in the notion of reciprocity, where
certain desirable goals are to be
attained through the notion of duties
and obligations. Man as husband,
father, and master, then woman as
wife and mother of the house perform
Welfare Philosophy in Buddhism

diverse functions which are
reciprocated. In this Sutta, the
distribution of duties are divided in
six types of relationship: 1) parents
and children; 2) pupil and teacher;
3) husband and wife; 4) householder
and friend; 5) employer and
employee; and 6) householder to
a samana (Buddhist monks). To be
more specific, the husband and wife
relationship, for example, the wife
should be ministered to by her
husband in five ways: by being
courteous to her, by not despising
her, by being faithful to her, by
handing over authority to her and
by providing her with necessary
adornments; the wife should minister
to her husband in five ways - by
ordering the household well, by
hospitality to their relatives, by
fidelity, by taking care of his wealth
and by her industry. Mother and
father, neighbour and friend,
employer, and so on also have the
same kind of functions.11
De Silva also refers to
Madhura Sutta, the second text, and
argues that Buddha is not saying
that wealth should be the norm
which differentiate human beings
to touchable or untouchable caste.
Indeed, the Buddha’s thought is
against the caste system: the idea
that one who is born in one vanna
(social class) will remain in that
11
Ibid.
12
Ibid.
13
Ibid., pp. 80, 81.
14
Jo Anna Macy, çIn Indraûs Net : Sarvodaya & Our Mutual Efforts for Peace,é in The Path of Compassion, Fred Eppsteiner (editor), (Berkeley :
Parallax Press, 1988), pp. 170-181.
15
Ibid., p. 173.
16
Ibid., pp. 176-178.
Patthamaporn Busapathumrong
vanna for the rest of their lives. In
addition, the fact that men ordain as
monks does not mean that women
cannot achieve merit. Historically,
there were women, such as Queen
Mallika, who gained moral achieve-
ment as well as men.12
The main strands in the
Buddhist equality concept are: (i)
Rejection of artificial and arbitrary
distinctions among human beings,
rejection of caste distinctions based
on birth and emphasis on character;
(ii) Common human potentialities
(spirituality and moral transformation,
rationality, ability to feel for others’
suffering; free will; presence of secular
skills; (iii) All beings are subject to
common human predicament; (iv)
The great cosmic order which rules
all beings, concepts of rebirth and
karma; (v) The concept of human
dignity and equal respect for all;
(vi) Basic needs and the conditions
for self-development; (vii) An ex-
pression of boundless compassion
and benevolence.13
(3) Application of Buddhism
and Social Welfare
As we have noted, the
Buddhist concept consists of the
Four Nobel Truths, karma, equality,
reciprocity, mutual obligation, and
the idea of how people in different
positions should perform their
519
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
duties. All of these concepts have
influenced social welfare in the
Buddhist countries. Jo Anna Macy14,
in her article “In Indra’s Net:
Savodaya and Our Mutual efforts
for Peace,” examines social action
from the Buddhist perspective.
Macy refers to the idea of “welfare
of all beings” that has existed since
the third century B.C.E. In the reign
of King Asoka, he built hospitals
and public wells and tree-lined roads
for people. Historians recognize his
efforts in the third century B.C.E.
as the first public social service
program in recorded history.15
An example of the applica-
tion of Buddhism to social welfare
is Savodaya. Savodaya refers to
the mutual efforts and cooperations
which everyone can contribute to
the well-being in our society.
Savodaya originated in Sri Lanka
and it created cooperation among
the villagers in Sri Lanka. The basic
idea of Savodaya is metta-kindness,
karuna - compassion, muttita -
lovingkindness, the pleasure you get
when being in service to others, and
upekka - equanimity, the idea to
keep working despite the criticism
and setbacks.16 Savodaya became
influential when the Tamils of the
North of Sri Lanka wanted to form
their own nation. The central gov-
ernment defused the tension
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

by introducing the new District
Development Councils (DDCs).
This resulted in increasing political
and economic stability. After DDCs
were established, the administrative
work was carried out by the persons
permanently residing in the outlying
districts and contacted with local
people. Savodaya demonstrates
how Buddhism influenced local
administration in Sri Lanka.17
Examples of the applica-
tion of Buddhism and welfare in
Thailand are Sa Kaeo temple and
Yensanit-thammaram temple in
Kanchanaburi Province. These
temples provide education for the
poor and orphan children.
IV. Conclusion
This paper traces the origin
of Buddhism, the expansion and
the Teaching of the Buddha and
how Buddhism relates to welfare
philosophy and its application. The
selected Buddhist Texts such as
Sigalovada Sutta and Madhura
Sutta, the Four Noble Truths (dukka,
samuthaya, nirodha, marca), the
concept of equality in Theravada
Buddhism and the case of Savo-
daya highlight the relationship of
Buddhism and welfare philosophy.
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Buddhism : History and Diversity
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Macy, Jo Anna. In Indra’s Net Sarvodaya
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∫∑§—¥¬àÕ ª√—™≠“ «— ¥‘°“√„πæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“
ª∞¡“¿√≥å ∫ÿ…ª∏”√ß
¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∫∑§«“¡π’È»÷°…“ª√—™≠“ «— ¥‘°“√„πæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“ ‚¥¬‡πâπ»÷°…“æ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“„ππ‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑ ·≈–

À≈—°§” Õπ¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ §◊Õ ∑ÿ°¢å  ¡ÿ∑—¬ π‘‚√∏ ·≈–¡√√§ ·π«§‘¥·≈–∑—»π–¢Õߪ√—™≠“ «— ¥‘°“√„π
æ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“‰¥âª√–¬ÿ°µåÀ≈—°§” Õπ¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“¡“„™â„π·π«§‘¥‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¡‡∑à“‡∑’¬¡°—π °“√®—¥√–∫∫
 «— ¥‘°“√„π —ߧ¡‡Õ‡™’¬ ‡ªìπµâπ

§” ”§—≠ : ª√—™≠“ «— ¥‘°“√, æ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“

17
B. Matthews, çDistrict Development Councils in Sri Lanka,é in Asian Survey, Vol. XXII, pp. 1117-1134.

Welfare Philosophy in Buddhism

520
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

…—±∑—πµ– - ©—∑∑—πµ–* ®‘√æ—≤πå ª√–æ—π∏å«‘∑¬“

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ

…—±∑—πµ– „π§—¡¿’√å —π °ƒµ∑“ßæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“À¡“¬∂÷ß™â“ß ˆ ß“ „πæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°¿“…“∫“≈’™â“ßµ—«‡¥’¬«°—π

π’È¡’™◊ËÕ«à“ ©—∑∑—πµ– °“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡ ’¬ß®“° …—±∑—πµ– ‡ªìπ ©—∑∑—πµ–  “¡“√∂®–Õ∏‘∫“¬∑“ߥâ“π¿“…“»“ µ√å„Àâ‡ÀÁπ‰¥â
Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π …—±∑—πµ– À√◊Õ ©—∑∑—πµ– ‡ªìπ™â“ß„π™“¥°‡√◊ËÕßÕ¥’µ™“µ‘¢Õßæ√–‚§¥¡æÿ∑∏‡®â“ À≈—°∞“π∑“ß‚∫√“≥§¥’
∑—Ë«‰ª π—∫ πÿ𧫓¡À¡“¬∑’˪√“°Ø„π§—¡¿’√å —π °ƒµ §◊Õ ™â“ß¡’ ˆ ß“ „π¿“…“ —π °ƒµ§”«à“ …—±∑—πµ– ‡ªì𧔠¡“ 
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ …±⁄ ·ª≈«à“ ˆ ·≈– ∑π⁄µ ·ª≈«à“ ß“ ·µàæ√–Õ√√∂°∂“®“√¬å´÷ËßÕ∏‘∫“¬™“¥°„πæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°¿“…“∫“≈’
‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫§«“¡À¡“¬π’È ®÷ßÕ∏‘∫“¬§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”«à“ ©æ⁄æ ‘ “≥ ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ§”¢¬“¬¢Õߧ”«à“ §™ (™â“ß) ‡ªìπ ©æ⁄æ≥⁄≥-
«‘ “≥ ç¡’ß“∑’Ë¡’À° ’é §«“¡®√‘ߧ”«à“ ©æ⁄æ‘ “≥ ·ª≈«à“ ç¡’À°ß“é Õ¬à“߇ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥ ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“æ√–Õ“®“√¬åΩÉ“¬‡∂√«“∑
„π™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ë·µàßÕ√√∂°∂“ ‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫§«“¡§‘¥¢Õß»“ π“æÿ∑∏ΩÉ“¬¡À“¬“π

§” ”§—≠ : …—±∑—πµ– - ©—∑∑—πµ–

§”«à“ …—±∑—πµ– (S⁄ad⁄danta) ‡ªìπ
¿“…“ — π  °ƒµ ∑’Ë   ¡“ ¡“®“° …Ø˛
(= ˆ) ∑π⁄µ (= ß“) ·ª≈«à“ ç¡’ ˆ ß“é
§”«à“ ©—∑∑—πµ– (Chaddanta) ‡ªìπ
¿“…“∫“≈’ ¡“®“° © (= ˆ) + ∑π⁄ µ
(= ß“) ·ª≈«à“ ç¡’ ˆ ß“é (Davids and
Stede : 273) ·µà∑à“πÕ√√∂°∂“®“√¬å
‰¡à·ª≈‡™àππ—Èπ
°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π®“° …—±∑—πµ– S⁄ad⁄-
danta ‡ªì π ©— ∑ ∑— π µ– Chaddanta
Õ∏‘∫“¬‰¥â¥—ßπ’È
» … ·≈–   „π¿“…“ — π  °ƒµ
®–‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ   ‡æ’¬ßµ—«‡¥’¬«„π¿“…“
∫“≈’ » ·≈– … πÕ°®“°®–‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ
  ·≈â« ∫“ߧ√—Èß°Á‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ © „π
¿“…“∫“≈’ ‡™àπ …Ø˛µ√⁄ »÷ µ⁄ (= Ûˆ) ‡ªìπ
©µ⁄µ÷  (Geiger : 81, 62)
…Ø˛ (= ˆ) „π¿“…“ —π °ƒµ∑’‰Ë ¡à
Õ¬Ÿà„𧔠¡“ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ∫“≈’ = ©
·µà∂â“ ¡“ °—∫§”Õ◊Ëπ Ø ®–°≈¡°≈◊π
‡ ’¬ß°—∫欗≠™π–∑’˵“¡¡“ ‡™àπ …±⁄-
«√⁄≥ (…Ø˛ + «√⁄≥) ‡ªìπ ©æ⁄æ≥⁄≥ ·µà
‡¡◊ËÕÕ¬ŸàÀπâ“ √– Ø ®–‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ à ‡™àπ
…±¿‘™ê ⁄ (…Ø˛ + Õ¿‘™ê
⁄ ) ‡ªìπ¿“…“∫“≈’
= ©Ã¿‘ê⁄ê (¥Ÿ Davids and Stede :
273)
…—±∑—πµ–·≈–©—∑∑—πµ–‡ªìπ™◊ÕË ™â“ß
´÷Ë߇ªìπÕ¥’µ™“µ‘¢Õßæ√–‚§¥¡æÿ∑∏‡®â“
…—±∑—πµ– (S⁄ad⁄danta) °≈à“«∂÷ß„π
§—¡¿’√¿å “…“ —π °ƒµ ≈≈‘µ«‘ µ√– ‡√◊ÕË ß
™â “ ß…— ± ∑— π µ–∑—È ß ‡√◊Ë Õ ß¡’ „ π§— ¡ ¿’ √å  — π -
 °ƒµ ™◊Ë Õ Õ«∑“π°— ≈ ª≈µ“ Ÿ µ √“-
≈—ß°“√ °—≈ª∑ÿ√¡“«∑“π¡“≈“ ·≈–
‚æ∏‘ —µµ«“«∑“π°—≈ª≈µ“ (Jong :
281-97)

* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ò˜ °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å æ.». ÚıÙ¯

®‘√æ—≤πå ª√–æ—π∏å«‘∑¬“
521
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…—±∑—πµ–„π§—¡¿’√å —π °ƒµ
§— ¡ ¿’ √å ≈ ≈‘ µ «‘   µ√–´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ¿“…“
 —π °ƒµ·≈–‡ªìπ§—¡¿’√å∑“ß»“ π“∑’Ë
 ”§—≠∑’Ë ÿ¥ Ò „π ˘ ¢Õߧ—¡¿’√剫ªÿ≈¬-
 Ÿ µ √¢Õßæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“ΩÉ “ ¬¡À“¬“π
°≈à“«°—π«à“§—¡¿’√å≈≈‘µ«‘ µ√–∑’Ë·ª≈‡ªìπ …—±∑—πµ–„π∫∑∑’Ë ˆ ´÷ßË ¡’™Õ◊Ë «à“ §√√¿“-
¿“…“®’π∑’ˇ°à“∑’Ë ÿ¥ Õ¬Ÿà„πæÿ∑∏»µ«√√… «°√“𵑪√‘«√√µ (§√⁄¿“«°⁄√“π⁄µ‘ª√‘-
∑’Ë ˆ (§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò) (Vaidya : «√⁄µ) ∫∑∑’Ë«à“¥â«¬°“√≈ß Ÿàæ√–§√√¿å
introduction p.xi) §—¡¿’√åπ’È°≈à“«∂÷ß™â“ß ¥—ߢâÕ§«“¡µàÕ‰ªπ’È

...‚æ∏‘ µ⁄µ⁄« ⁄ µÿ…‘µ«√¿«π“®⁄ ®⁄¬ÿµ⁄«“  ⁄¡⁄ƒµ–  Ìª⁄√™“ππ⁄ ª“≥⁄±ÿ‚√ §™‚ª‚µ ¿Ÿµ⁄«“ …±⁄∑π⁄µ Õ‘π⁄∑⁄√‚§ª°»‘√“–
 ÿ«√⁄≥√“™’∑π⁄µ–  √⁄«“ß⁄§ª⁄√µ⁄¬ß⁄‚§ûÀ’‡ππ⁄∑⁄√‘‚¬ ™ππ⁄¬“ ∑°⁄…‘≥“¬” °ÿ°⁄…⁄“«°⁄√“¡µ⁄ | Õ«°⁄√“π⁄µ»⁄ ® ∑°⁄…‘≥“«®-
‚√û¿Ÿπ⁄ π ™“µÿ «“¡“«®√– | ¡“¬“‡∑«’  ÿ¢»¬πª⁄√ ÿª⁄µ“ Õ‘¡Ì  ⁄«ª⁄π¡ª»⁄¬µ⁄-
À‘¡√™µπ‘¿»⁄ ® …±⁄«‘…“≥–  ÿ®√≥ ®“√ÿ¿ÿ™–  ÿ√°⁄µ»’√⁄…– |
Õÿ∑√¡ÿª§‚µ §™ª⁄√∏“‚π ≈≈‘µ§µ‘√⁄ ∑⁄ƒ≤«™⁄√§“µ⁄√ Ì∏‘– || Ò
(Vaidya : 43)

ç...æ√–‚æ∏‘ —µ«å...‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â‡§≈◊ËÕπ ‡À¡◊ Õ π∑Õß ∑ÿ °  — ¥  à « π¢Õß√à “ ß°“¬ ‰ª·≈â«°Á®–Õ¬Ÿà¥â“π¢«“ ‰¡à‡§¬Õ¬Ÿà¥â“π

®“° «√√§å ™—È π ¥ÿ …‘ µ ¡’   µ‘ · ≈–√Ÿâ  ÷ ° ¡’Õ«—¬«–æ√âÕ¡∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å∑ÿ°ª√–°“√ ¡’ ´â“¬‡≈¬ | æ√–π“ß¡“¬“‡∑«’ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑√ß
æ√–Õߧ凪ìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ‰¥â‡ª≈’ˬπæ√–Õߧå Õ«—¬«– ”À√—∫√—∫√Ÿâ ‘Ëß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà¿“¬πÕ°°“¬ ∫√√∑¡À≈—∫ π‘∑‡Àπ◊Õæ√–·∑àπ∑’ Ë ∫“¬
‡ªìπ≈Ÿ°™â“߇º◊Õ° ¡’ ˆ ß“ ¡’‡»’¬√ ’·¥ß ‰¡à∫°æ√àÕß ‰¥â‡¥‘π‡¢â“‰ª„πæ√–Õÿ∑√ ‰¥â∑√ßæ√– ÿ∫‘π«à“
‡À¡◊ Õ π·¡≈ßÕ‘ π ∑√‚§ª°– ß“¡’ √— » ¡’ ¥â“π¢«“¢Õßæ√–¡“√¥“ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â‡¢â“

™â“ß∑’ˬ‘Ëß„À≠à„π∫√√¥“™â“ß∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬  ’¢“«¥—ßÀ‘¡–·≈–‡ß‘π ¡’‡∑â“¥’ ß«ßߥߓ¡

»’√…–·¥ß ¡’¢âÕµàÕ·¢Áß·°√àߥ—߇æ™√ ‰¥â‡¥‘πÕ¬à“ßߥߓ¡ ‡¢â“‰ª¬—ßæ√–Õÿ∑√é

À≈—°∞“π∑“ß‚∫√“≥§¥’‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√‡ ¥Á®≈ß Ÿàæ√–§√√¿å
À≈—°∞“π∑“ß‚∫√“≥§¥’∑’ˇ°à“∑’Ë ÿ¥∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫°“√‡ ¥Á®≈ß Ÿàæ√–§√√¿å
¢Õßæ√–‚æ∏‘ —µ«å §◊Õ ¿“æ ≈—°∑’Ë ∂Ÿª¿“√Àÿµ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò) ´÷Ëßæ∫∑’˵Õπ
°≈“ߢÕߪ√–‡∑»Õ‘π‡¥’¬ ¡’Õ“¬ÿ√“«æÿ∑∏»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú (√“« Ú ªï °àÕπ
§√‘ µå»—°√“™) ªí®®ÿ∫—πÕ¬Ÿà„πæ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±åÕ‘π‡¥’¬ ‡¡◊Õß°—≈°—µµ“ ª√–‡∑»
Õ‘π‡¥’¬ ¢Õ„À⠗߇°µ«à“ ™â“ß¡’‡æ’¬ß Ú ß“ · ¥ß«à“™à“ß ≈—°‰¡à‰¥â¬÷¥µ“¡
§—¡¿’√å≈≈‘µ«‘ µ√– ∑’Ë¿“æ ≈—°¡’®“√÷°Õ—°…√æ√À¡’∫Õ°‰«â™—¥‡®π Õà“π«à“
¿§«‚µ ÕŸ°√⁄ µÌ ‘ ç°“√‡ ¥Á®≈ß¡“¢Õßæ√–ºŸ¡â æ’ √–¿“§é (Coomaraswamy,
66)

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò æ√–‚æ∏‘  — µ «å ‡  ¥Á ® ≈ß Ÿà æ √–§√√¿å æ √–¡“√¥“ ¿“æ ≈— ° ∑’Ë   ∂Ÿ ª

¿“√Àÿµ (®“° Coomaraswamy : 66)

…—±∑—πµ– - ©—∑∑—πµ–
522
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

¡’¿“æ ≈—°πŸπµË”‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕßæÿ∑∏ª√–«—µ‘µÕπ‡ ¥Á®‡¢â“ Ÿà ¡’ ˆ ß“ ¡’∫√‘«“√·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ¬Ÿà„µâµâπ𑂧√∏ ¢â“ß¿“æ¡’®“√÷°

æ√–§√√¿å (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú) ∑’ˇ “‚µ√≥–¥â“π∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ°¢Õß ∂Ÿª Õà“π«à“ ©∑ß⁄µ‘¬™“µ°¡⁄ 癓¥°‡√◊ËÕß™â“ß¡’ ˆ ß“é (Cooma-
 “≠®’ ´÷Ëß √â“ߢ÷Èπ„π ¡—¬æ√–‡®â“Õ‚»° (æÿ∑∏»µ«√√…∑’Ë Û) raswamy : 71)
·≈–¡’°“√µàÕ‡µ‘¡„π ¡—¬µàÕ¡“ ¿“æ ≈— ° π’È ‡ ªì π  ‘Ë ß æ‘  Ÿ ® πå «à “ ™“¥°‡ªì π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë √Ÿâ ®— ° °— π
Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß„πæÿ∑∏»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ù (ª√–¡“≥ Ú °«à“
À≈—°∞“π∑“ß‚∫√“≥§¥’‡°’ˬ«°—∫™â“ß©—∑∑—πµå ªï °à Õ π§√‘   µå »— ° √“™) ·≈–„πµÕππ—È π ™“¥°∂◊ Õ ‡ªì π  à « π∑’Ë
À≈—°∞“π∑“ß‚∫√“≥§¥’∑’ˇ°à“∑’Ë ÿ¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫…—±∑—πµ– §◊Õ  ”§—≠¢Õߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å·Ààßæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“ (Cowell :
¿“æ ≈—°πŸπµË”∑’Ë ∂Ÿª¿“√Àÿµ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Û) „π¿“æ®–‡ÀÁπ™â“ß∑’Ë preface, pp.v-vi)

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú ·∂«∫π ÿ ¥ ‡ªì π ¿“æ ≈— ° ‡≈à “ ‡√◊Ë Õ ßæ√– ÿ ∫‘ π ¢Õßæ√–π“ß √Ÿª∑’Ë Û ¿“æ ≈— ° ‡≈à “ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß©— ∑ ∑— π µ™“¥° ∑’Ë   ∂Ÿ ª ¿“√Àÿ µ (®“°
¡À“¡“¬“‡∑«’ ∑’‡Ë  “‚µ√≥–¥â“π∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ°¢Õß ∂Ÿª “≠®’ Coomaraswamy : 71)

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∑’Ë ∂Ÿª “≠®’¡’¿“æ ≈—°πŸπµË”∑’˧“π‡Àπ◊Õ‡ “‚µ√≥–
¥â“π∑‘»‡Àπ◊Õ ¥â“π∑‘»„µâ ·≈–¥â“π∑‘»µ–«—πµ° (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù-˜)
‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß ©—∑∑—𵙓¥° ¿“æ ≈—°∑’Ë‚µ√≥–¥â“π∑‘»„µâ™â“ß
©—∑∑—πµå¡’ ˆ ß“ ‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥‡®π ¡’¿“æ ≈—°‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß©—∑∑—πµå
∑’Ë∫â“π‚§≈‘ ®—ßÀ«—¥°ÿπµŸ√å √—∞Õ“π∏√ª√–‡∑» Õ‘π‡¥’¬¿“§„µâ
(√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯)

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ ¿“æ™â“ß©—∑∑—πµå∑’˧“π‡Àπ◊Õ‡ “‚µ√≥–¥â“π∑‘»„µâ ∂à“¬„π

√–¬–„°≈â„Àâ‡ÀÁπß“ ˆ ß“

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù ¿“æ ≈—°‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß©—∑∑—𵙓¥° ∑’˧“π Ÿß ÿ¥‡Àπ◊Õ‡ “

‚µ√≥–¥â“π∑‘»‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õß ∂Ÿª “≠®’
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ ¿“æ ≈—°‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß©—∑∑—𵙓¥°∑’˧“π„µâ ÿ¥¢Õ߇ “‚µ√≥–
¥â“π∑‘»µ–«—πµ°¢Õß ∂Ÿª “≠®’

√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ ¿“æ ≈— ° ‡≈à “ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß©— ∑ ∑— π µå ∑’Ë ∫â “ π‚§≈‘ ®— ß À«— ¥ °ÿ π µŸ √å √— ∞

√Ÿª∑’Ë ı  ≈—°‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß©—∑∑—𵙓¥° ∑’˧“π°≈“߇Àπ◊Õ‡ “‚µ√≥– Õ“π∏√ª√–‡∑» Õ‘π‡¥’¬¿“§„µâ (®“°  ÿ¿—∑√¥‘» ¥‘»°ÿ≈ :
¥â“π∑‘»„µâ¢Õß ∂Ÿª “≠®’ √Ÿª∑’Ë ÚÙ)

…—±∑—πµ– - ©—∑∑—πµ–
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ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

∑’Ë∂Ȕՙ—𵓠‡¡◊Õ߇Փ√—ߧ∫“¥ √—∞¡À“√“…Ø√– ª√–‡∑»Õ‘π‡¥’¬ ∂È”∑’Ë Ò (√“«æÿ∑∏»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ù-ı) ¡’¿“殑µ√°√√¡

Ω“ºπ—߇≈à“‡√◊ËÕß©—∑∑—πµå (√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘-ÒÒ) (Burgess : 45-6; Singh et al : 180-1; Poduval : 38) ∂È”∑’Ë Ò ‡ªìπ∂È”‰®µ¬–§◊Õ
∂È” ”À√—∫æ‘∏’°√√¡ Õ¬Ÿà„π¬ÿ§‡∂√«“∑ ·≈–∂È”∑’Ë Ò˜ (√“«§√÷ËßÀ≈—ߢÕßæÿ∑∏»µ«√√…∑’Ë ÒÒ) (Burgess : 53-4; Singh et al:
184; Poduval : 41) ∂È”∑’Ë Ò˜ ‡ªìπ∂È”«‘À“√ ”À√—∫æ√– ß¶åÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬ Õ¬Ÿà„π¬ÿ§¡À“¬“π

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘ ¿“æ≈“¬‡ âπ®”≈Õß¿“殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß∑’Ë∂Ȕՙ—𵓠∂È”∑’Ë Ò ™â“ß©—∑∑—πµå„π √–∫—«æ√âÕ¡∫√‘«“√ (®“° Singh et al : 102)

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ¿“æ≈“¬‡ âπ®”≈Õß¿“殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß∑’Ë∂Ȕՙ—𵓠∂È”∑’Ë Ò ™â“ß©—∑∑—πµå„µâµâπ𑂧√∏æ√âÕ¡∫√‘«“√ (®“° Singh et al : 103)

®‘√æ—≤πå ª√–æ—π∏å«‘∑¬“
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√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÒ ¿“æ≈“¬‡ âπ®”≈Õß¿“殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß∑’Ë∂Ȕՙ—𵓠∂È”∑’Ë Ò æ√–√“™‘π’¢Õß°…—µ√‘¬å·Ààßæ“√“≥ ’ ª√–™«√æ√–«“‚¬ (‡ªìπ≈¡)

‡¡◊ËÕ∑√߇ÀÁπß“¢Õß™â“ß©—∑∑—πµå (®“° Singh et al : 102)

©— ∑ ∑— π µ™“¥°„πæ√–‰µ√ªî Æ ° °Á®–¢Õµ“¬ ®“°π—Èππ“߉¥â∫Õ°‡ âπ∑“ß ‚¡À–) §√Õߺ⓰“ “«æ— µ√å ºŸâπ—Èπ´÷Ëß

¿“…“∫“≈’ ∑’Ë®–‰ª¬—ß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà¢Õß™â“ßµ—«π—Èπ æ√“π‰¥â §«∫§ÿ¡µ—«‡Õ߉¡à‰¥â·≈–‰¡à¡’§«“¡ —µ¬å
‡π◊ÈÕÀ“‚¥¬¬àÕ¡’¥—ßπ’È
‡®â“·Ààßæ“√“≥ ’µ√— °—∫æ√–¡‡À ’
∑’Ë (·°≈âß) ‡»√â“‚»°«à“ ‡°‘¥Õ–‰√¢÷Èπ°—∫
π“ß π“ß∑Ÿ≈æ√–√“™“«à“ π“ß®–∑Ÿ≈„Àâ
∑√ß∑√“∫°ÁµÕà ‡¡◊ÕË æ√–√“™“‡√’¬°∫√√¥“
æ√“π∑’Ë ‡ °à ß ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ „π·ºà 𠥑 π ‡∑à “ ∑’Ë ¡’ ¡ “
‡¡◊Ë Õ æ√–√“™“∑√߇√’ ¬ °æ«°æ√“π¡“
æ√–¡‡À ’µ√— «à“
≈ÿ∑⁄∑ªÿµ⁄µ“ π‘ “‡¡∂ ¬“«π⁄‡µµ⁄∂
 ¡“§µ“
©æ⁄æ‘ “≥Ì §™Ì ‡ µÌ Õ∑⁄∑ Ì  ÿªî‡π
ÕÀÌ
µ ⁄  ∑π⁄‡µÀ‘ ‡¡ Õµ⁄‚∂ Õ≈“‡¿ πµ⁄∂‘
™’«µ‘ Ì
æ√–π“ß∑√ß ÿ ∫‘ π ‡ÀÁ π ™â “ ߇º◊ Õ °
¡’ ˆ ß“ (©æ⁄æ‘ “≥Ì §™Ì ‡ µÌ ) æ√–π“ß
Õ¬“°‰¥âß“¢Õß™â“ßµ—«π—Èπ À“°‰¡à‰¥â
‡¥‘π∑“߉ªµ“¡‡ âπ∑“ßπ—Èπ·≈–‰¥âæ∫
™â“ß ˆ ß“„µâµâπ𑂧√∏ ¡’∫√‘«“√ ¯,
§Õ¬„À⧫“¡§ÿ⡧√Õß æ√“π‰¥â´àÕπµ—«
‚¥¬°“√¢ÿ¥À≈ÿ¡·≈⫇Փ‰¡â°√–¥“πªî¥
‰«â ‡¡◊ËÕ™â“ß©—∑∑—πµåºà“π¡“‡Àπ◊ÕÀ≈ÿ¡
æ√“π®÷߬‘ߥ⫬»√Õ“∫¬“æ‘… ™â“߇¡◊ËÕ
‡ÀÁπæ√“π§√Õߺ⓰“ “«æ— µ√åÕ—π‡ªìπ
‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬¢Õßπ—°∫«™®÷߉¡à¶à“π“¬
æ√“π ·µà‰¥â°≈à“«µ”Àπ‘«à“
Õπ‘°⁄° “‚« °“ “«Ì ‚¬ «µ⁄∂Ì
ª√‘∑À‘ ⁄ µ‘
Õ‡ª‚µ ∑¡ ®⁄‡®π π ‚  °“ “«-
¡À√µ‘
‚¬ «π⁄µ° “« ⁄   ’‡≈ ÿ  ÿ ¡“-
À‘‚µ
Õÿ‡ª‚µ ∑¡ ®⁄‡®π   ‡« °“ “«-
¡À√µ‘
ºŸâ„¥¬—߉¡àÀ¡¥°‘‡≈  (√“§– ‚∑ –
‰¡à‡À¡“–°—∫ºâ“°“ “«æ— µ√å §π∑’ËÀ¡¥
°‘‡≈  ¡’®µ‘ „®¡—πË §ß„π»’≈ §«∫§ÿ¡µπ‡Õß
‰¥â·≈–¡’§«“¡ —µ¬åπ—Ëπ·À≈–®÷߇À¡“–
 ¡°—∫ºâ“°“ “«æ— µ√å
™â“߉¥â∂“¡«à“ æ√“π¡“¥â«¬®ÿ¥
ª√– ß§å „ ¥ π“¬æ√“π‰¥â ∫ Õ°§«“¡
µâÕß°“√¢Õß¡‡À ’‡®â“æ“√“≥ ’„Àâ∑√“∫
™â “ ß©— ∑ ∑— π µå ®÷ ß ∫Õ°„Àâ 𠓬æ√“π‡Õ“
‡≈◊ËÕ¬µ—¥ß“µπ°àÕπ∑’Ëµπ®–µ“¬ ·≈â«
∫Õ°„Àâπ”ß“‰ª∂«“¬¡‡À ’‡®â“æ“√“≥ ’
·≈–„Àâ∫Õ°«à“™â“ßπ—Èπ‰¥âµ“¬·≈â« ‡¡◊ËÕ
æ√“π°≈—∫‰ª¬—ßæ“√“≥ ’‰¥âπ”ß“™â“ß
‰ª∂«“¬æ√–¡‡À ’ ‡¡◊Ë Õ π“ß∑√“∫«à “
 “¡’„πÕ¥’µ™“µ‘¢Õßπ“ßµ“¬·≈â« À—«„®
¢Õßπ“߉¥â·µ°·≈–µ“¬µ√ßπ—Èππ—Ëπ‡Õß
π“¬æ√“π§◊ Õ ‡∑«∑— µ ¡‡À ’ §◊ Õ
™â “ ßæ— ß ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ¿√√¬“πâ Õ ¬„πÕ¥’ µ ¢Õß
™â“ß©—∑∑—πµå ∑’˺Ÿ°Õ“¶“µ™â“ß©—∑∑—πµå

…—±∑—πµ– - ©—∑∑—πµ–
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‡æ√“–§‘¥«à“™â“ß©—∑∑—πµå‡Õ“„®¿√√¬“
À≈«ß¡“°°«à“µπ ®÷߇°‘¥§«“¡√‘…¬“
™â“ß©—∑∑—πµå °Á§Õ◊ æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ (‡µªîØ°Ì :
Ù˘Ò-Ù˘¯)

§”Õ∏‘∫“¬¢ÕßÕ√√∂°∂“®“√¬å
Õ√√∂°∂“®“√¬å Õ∏‘∫“¬§”«à“ ©æ⁄-
- -
æ‘ “≥ «à“¥—ßπ’È (Chat⁄t⁄hasangayana
CD-ROM version 3)

©æ⁄æ‘ “≥π⁄µ‘ ©æ⁄æ≥⁄≥«‘ “≥Ì.
§”«à“ ©æ⁄æ‘ “≥Ì §◊Õ ©æ⁄æ≥⁄≥«‘ “≥Ì
·ª≈«à“ ¡’ß“∑’Ë¡’ ˆ  ’
æ®π“πÿ°√¡ „À⧫“¡À¡“¬¢Õß
§”«à“ «‘ “≥ «à“ 1) the horn of an
animal (as cow, ox, deer, rhinoceros).
√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÚ ¿“檟πªíôπ∑’ˇ®¥’¬åæ√–ª–‚∑π ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√ª∞¡ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß™â “ ß©— ∑ ∑— π µå ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π Õ¬Ÿà ∑’Ë
2) the tusks of an elephant. ‡∑’¬∫ æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥± ∂“π·Ààß™“µ‘æ√–ª∞¡‡®¥’¬å (®“°  ÿ¿—∑√¥‘» ¥‘»°ÿ≈ : √Ÿª∑’Ë Ú)
°—∫ —π °ƒµ«à“ «‘…“≥ (Davids and
Stede : 640)

À≈— ° ∞“π∑“ß‚∫√“≥§¥’ „ π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
Ò) ¡’¿“檟πªíôπ∑’ˇ®¥’¬åæ√–ª–-
‚∑π ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√ª∞¡ ‡√◊ËÕß™â“ß©—∑∑—πµå
ªí®®ÿ∫—πÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ëæ‘æ‘∏¿—≥± ∂“π·Ààß™“µ‘
æ√–ª∞¡‡®¥’¬å (√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÚ)
Ú) ¡’¿“檟πªíπô ‡≈à“‡√◊ÕË ß©—∑∑—πµå
∑’Ë ∂Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ∫â“π‚§°‰¡â‡¥π ®—ßÀ«—¥
π§√ «√√§å ªí®®ÿ∫—πÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ëæ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±-
 ∂“π·Ààß™“µ‘æ√–π§√ (√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÛ)
Û) ¿“æ ≈— ° ‡≈à “ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß©— ∑ ∑— π µå
∑’Ë„∫‡ ¡“®“°®—ßÀ«—¥°“à‘π∏ÿå (√Ÿª∑’Ë √Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÛ ¿“檟πªíôπ‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß©—∑∑—πµå ∑’Ë ∂Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ∫â“π‚§°‰¡â‡¥π ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√ «√√§å ªí®®ÿ∫—π
ÒÙ) Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ëæ‘æ‘∏¿—≥± ∂“π·Ààß™“µ‘æ√–π§√ (®“°  ÿ¿—∑√¥‘» ¥‘»°ÿ≈ : √Ÿª∑’Ë ÚÚ)

®‘√æ—≤πå ª√–æ—π∏å«‘∑¬“
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√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÙ ¿“æ ≈—°‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß©—∑∑—πµå ∑’Ë„∫‡ ¡“®“°®—ßÀ«—¥°“à‘π∏ÿå Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë√â“π¢“¬¢Õ߇°à“∑’Ë
≈Õπ¥Õπ (®“°  ÿ¿—∑√¥‘» ¥‘»°ÿ≈ : √Ÿª∑’Ë ÚÛ)
 √ÿª
‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“∑“ߥâ“π¿“…“·≈–
®“°À≈— ° ∞“π∑“ß«√√≥§¥’  — π  °ƒµ
ª√–°Õ∫°— ∫ À≈— ° ∞“π∑“ß‚∫√“≥§¥’
§”«à“ ©—∑∑—πµ– ‡¥‘¡∑’§ß‡ªìπ≈—°…≥–
¢Õß™â“ß摇»…™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë¡’ ˆ ß“ ‰¡à„™à
™◊ËÕ¢Õß™â“ß ©∑⁄∑π⁄µ °—∫ ©æ⁄æ‘ “≥
„π¿“…“∫“≈’ ·≈– …±⁄∑π⁄µ °—∫ …±⁄-
«‘…“≥ „π¿“…“ —π °ƒµ ‡¥‘¡‡ªìπ§”
§ÿ≥»—æ∑å¡’§«“¡À¡“¬‡À¡◊Õπ°—π §◊Õ
¡’ ˆ ß“ ¢¬“¬§”«à“ §™ ´÷Ëß·ª≈«à“™â“ß
°“√∑’Ë ∑à “ πÕ√√∂°∂“®“√¬å · ª≈§”«à “
©æ⁄æ‘ “≥ «à“¡’ß“∑’Ë¡’ ˆ  ’ Õ“®®–· ¥ß
«à“ ∑à“πÕ√√∂°∂“®“√¬å‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫§«“¡
§‘¥∑’Ë¡’¡“·µà¥—È߇¥‘¡∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ°—π«à“ ¡’™â“ß
摇»…µ—«Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë¡’ ˆ ß“ ´÷ËßÀ≈—°∞“π∑“ß
¥â“π‚∫√“≥§¥’¬◊π¬—𧫓¡§‘¥π—Èπ
· ¥ß«à “ ¡’ § «“¡§‘ ¥ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ™â “ ß
©— ∑ ∑— π µå Õ ¬Ÿà Ú °√–·  °√–· Àπ÷Ë ß
‡™◊ËÕ«à“¡’™â“߇º◊Õ°´÷Ëß¡’ ˆ ß“ ®÷߉¥â ≈—°
√Ÿª™â“߇º◊Õ°¡’ ˆ ß“  à«πÕ’°°√–· Õ“®
®–¡Õß®“°§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß∑“ß∏√√¡™“µ‘
®÷߇™◊ËÕ«à“‰¡àπà“®–‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â∑’Ë™â“ß®–¡’
ˆ ß“ ®÷ß欓¬“¡Õ∏‘∫“¬§”«à“ ©æ⁄æ ‘ “≥
«à“™â“ß¡’ß“ ˆ  ’
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡
 ⁄¬“¡√Ø˛ü ⁄  ‡µªîØ°Ì  ÿµ⁄µπ⁄µªî؇° ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“-
¬ ⁄  ™“µ°Ì ªü‚¡ ¿“‚§ ‡Õ°®µ⁄µ“≈’ π‘ª“µ
™“µ°Ì °‘µ⁄µ‘‚ ¿πµ⁄‡∂‡√π ‡∑«¡ÿπ‘π“ ‚ ∏‘µÌ.
 ⁄¬“¡√Ø˛ü ⁄  √“™∏“π‘¬Ì ¡À“¡°ÿØ√“™«‘∑⁄-
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¬“≈‡¬π ª°“ ‘µÌ æÿ∑⁄∏ª√‘π‘æ⁄æ“π“ ÚıÚÛ.
 ÿ¿—∑√¥‘» ¥‘»°ÿ≈, À¡àÕ¡‡®â“, ºŸâ·ª≈. æÿ∑∏»“ π
π‘∑“π∑’ˇ®¥’¬å®ÿ≈ª–‚∑π ·ª≈®“°∫∑§«“¡
¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ¢Õßπ“¬æ‘√‘¬– ‰°√ƒ°…å ‡√◊ËÕß
Buddhist Folk Tales Depicted at Cula-
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æ√–®—π∑√å, ÚıÒ˜.
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Buddhaûs Former Birth, Vol. I, translated
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…—±∑—πµ– - ©—∑∑—πµ–
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

Abstract S⁄ad⁄danta - Chaddanta

Chirapat Prapandvidya
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand

S⁄ad⁄danta in Buddhist Sanskrit texts is the elephant with six tusks whereas in Pali Canon the
elephant is called Chaddanta. The phonological change from S⁄ad⁄danta to Chaddanta is obvious.
S⁄ad⁄danta or Chaddanta is one of the Jataka stories or the previous lives of the Gautama Buddha when he
was born as an elephant. Archeological evidence supports the meaning of the word S⁄ad⁄danta current in
the Buddhist Sanskrit texts, that is, an elephant with six tusk. In Sanskrit the word is a compound word
comprising S⁄at⁄ meaning six and danta meaning tusk. The commentator of the Jataka of the Pali Canon,
however, does not agree with this meaning. He gives the meaning of the word Chaddanta as elephant
whose tusks have six colors (chabban⁄n⁄avisan⁄a). This seems the shows the Theravadins or the orthordox
Buddhists during the time of the commentator rejected bluntly ideology of Mahayana Buddhism.

Key Word : S⁄ad⁄danta - Chaddanta

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529
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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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√◊Ëπƒ∑—¬  —®®æ—π∏ÿå
535
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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√◊Ëπƒ∑—¬  —®®æ—π∏ÿå
537
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

µàÕ«à“ ºŸâ√⓬∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬¡‘„™à ß“π»‘≈ª–®÷ß¡‘‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë°“√„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ ÷° ¡πÿ…¬å¬ÿ§ªí®®ÿ∫—π· «ßÀ“ªí≠≠“®“°

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538
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ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯

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°√ÿ߇∑æœ : °√ÿß ¬“¡°“√æ‘¡æå, ÚıÒÚ.
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 ∂“∫—π‰∑¬§¥’»°÷ …“, ÚıÒ¯. (®—¥æ‘¡æå∂«“¬
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°√ÿ߇∑æœ : ‚√ßæ‘¡æå°“√»“ π“, Úıı.
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À√◊Õ ‰µ√¿Ÿ¡‘æ√–√à«ß. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : °√¡
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§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : °“√∑Õß, ÚıÛˆ.
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Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π, æ√–¬“ (‡ ∞’¬√‚°‡»»), °“¡π‘µ.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : ∫√√≥“§“√, ÚıÒı.
_______. °“√»÷ ° …“«√√≥§¥’ · ßà « √√≥»‘ ≈ ªá ,
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π, Úı˜.
՗ߧ“√ °—≈¬“≥æß»å. ª≥‘∏“≥°«’. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
»¬“¡, ÚıÛÛ.

Abstract The Aesthetic of Life : Values in Fine Arts

Ruenruthai Sujjapun
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand

Literature is one of the FINE ART which uses language to communicate the art aesthetics.
Literature creates aesthetic to our life by at least 3 aspects which are the aesthetic of language, the
aesthetic of prosody, rhythm and style and the aesthetic of wisdom. Literature is the fine art and the
soul enhancement. Literature provides the profound happiness as well as the source of intellectual
forces which give knowledge and wisdom that constitute the understanding of the world and human
kind.

Key words : Fine Art, literature, aesthetic

√◊Ëπƒ∑—¬  —®®æ—π∏ÿå
539
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

∑“߇¥’ˬ«‡ªï¬‚π‡æ≈߉∑¬* ≥—™™“ ‚ §µ‘¬“πÿ√—°…å

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

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* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ò °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å æ.». ÚıÙ¯

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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
 Ÿ®‘∫—µ√§Õπ‡ ‘√åµπ‘¬¡√–∫ÿ«à“π—°¥πµ√’
®–‡≈àπ™à«ß‡¥’ˬ«∑“ߢÕß„§√ Õ¬à“߉√
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

®“°ª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ… √— ∫√“™°“√°Õß ‰¥â¬‘π™—¥‡®πµ≈Õ¥‡æ≈ß „π≈—°…≥–  ÿ¡µ‘ √“®–¡’≈°— …≥–‡©æ“–µ—«„π√Ÿª·∫∫

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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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Abstract Arrangements of Thai Classical Music for Piano Solo

Natchar Socatiyanurak
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand

The Thai classical music has been arranged in a large number of versions performed on Western
musical instruments. Most of the arrangements were not quite accepted among conservative Thai music
lovers, because the use of musical idioms did not fit properly with those of the traditional Thai practice.
Only two of the musicians, namely, Mrs. Sumitra Sucharitkul and Col. Choochart Pitaksakorn were capable
of doing such work of high quality for piano solo. Both of them were well educated in music of both
Western and Thai tradition. This article will focus on the music analysis of their selected arrangements.
Despite their minor differences in the use of Western harmony and in musical styles, their arrangements,
however, preserve the most essential musical features of the Thai tradition: highly ornamenting melodic
figures, idiomatic melodic progressions and prevailing phrases on the underlying repeated cycle of
rhythmic patterns. In addition, seeking for pianists equipped with calibre to manipulate the arranged
works is another problem, though.

Key words : Thai classical music, piano arrangements, piano solo

≥—™™“ ‚ §µ‘¬“πÿ√—°…å
553
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

§”«à“ ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß«à“ ‡¢’¬πµ√߇ ’¬ß«à“

cock °äÕ° °äÕ°
gauze °äÕ¥, °äÕ´ °äÕ´
copy °äÕªªïô °äÕ∫ªïô
gas °ä“´, ·°ä  °ä“´, ·°ä 
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cocktail §ÁÕ°‡∑≈, §ÁÕ°‡∑π §ÁÕ°‡∑≈
cookie §ÿ°°’È §ÿ°°’È
cake ‡§â° ‡§â°
catalogue ·§Áµµ“≈ÁÕ° ·§Áµµ“≈ÁÕ°
coma ‚§¡à“ ‚§¡à“
joker, joke ‚®ä° ‚®ä°
cheque ‡™Á° ‡™Á§
shirt ‡™‘ȵ ‡™‘ȵ
taxi ·∑Á°´’Ë ·∑Á°´’Ë
note ‚πâµ ‚πâµ
brandy ∫√—Ëπ¥’ ∫√—Ëπ¥’
plug ª≈—Í° ª≈—Í°
fashion ·ø™—Ëπ ·ø™—Ëπ
switch  –«‘µ  «‘µ™å

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through dough ought thought, §”∑’Ë
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
‡ªìπ™◊ËÕ‡©æ“–¬‘ËßÕÕ°‡ ’¬ßµà“ß®“°√Ÿª
‡™àπ Gloucester Tottenham Torquay
Portsmouth Holborn ‰¡à‰¥âÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡
Abstract The Writing of Foreign Terminology in Thai and the Thai
ª√–™ÿ ¡ æß»“«¥“√¿“§∑’Ë ˆÒ-ˆÚ. æ√–π§√ : Writing System
Õߧ尓√§â“¢Õߧÿ√ÿ ¿“, ÚıÒÚ. Karnchana Nacaskul
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π, æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬- Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand
 ∂“π æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÙÚ, °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π, ÚıÙˆ. English words were introduced into the Thai language
_______.À≈—°‡°≥±å°“√∑—∫»—æ∑å ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬- since the early Rattanakosin Period. After the Second World
 ∂“π, æ‘¡æå§√—ßÈ ∑’Ë Ò, °√ÿ߇∑æœ : √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬- War, English became the language of the world. Lots of
 ∂“π, ÚıÛı. English loan words entered into the Thai Language. The Royal
Institute has set rules for writing foreign terminology in
the Thai script, omitting short vowel mark (the maj-taj-khuu)
and tone marks. These rules make the writing of English
loan words differ from the pronunciation in accordance
with the Thai writing system. The revision of the rules is
thus needed.

Key words : Thai writing system, foreign terminology

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‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ情¿“§¡ ÚıÙˆ ∑’Ë
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πà “ ®–‡√’ ¬ °‚§√ß°“√π’È «à “ ª∑“πÿ°√¡
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π“¡“πÿ°√¡ ∑”‡π’¬∫π“¡  “√“πÿ°√¡
Õ—°¢√“πÿ°√¡¥â«¬ ®÷ߢÕ𔧫“¡√Ÿâ
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Model Thai-English Dictionary, Desk
Edition ©∫—∫‰∑¬«—≤π“æ“π‘™æ‘¡æå,
ÚıÛ˜, Àπâ“ Ú˜˜ «à“
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tionary English ¿“…“À√◊Õ ”π«π∑’Ë
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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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¡À“π§√ : ÚıÒ¯. Ù¯ Àπâ“.
Û) Websterûs Third New In-
ternational Dictionary of the English
Language. 3rd ed., Springfield Mass:
G + C Merriam, 1998. S.V.
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‡™àπ
Ò) ¥√.«‘∑¬å ‡∑’ˬß∫Ÿ√≥∏√√¡.
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English Dictionary. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : ∫”√ÿß
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¢. æ®π“πÿ ° √¡‡ √‘ ¡ æ®π“-
πÿ ° √¡¿“…“ ·¬°‰¥â ‡ ªì π À≈“¬™π‘ ¥
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¿“…“∂‘Ëπ
µ—«Õ¬à“ß
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ternational Abbreviation Dictionary.
5th ed., 1974. 428 p. (1st ed., 1958)
Ú) »÷ ° …“∏‘ ° “√,  ”π— ° ß“π
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πÿ°√¡¿“…“™“«‡≈. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ :
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tionary ¢Õß∑à“π‡ªì𧔉∑¬ ∑à“π
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New Model English-Thai Dictionary
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çª∑“πÿ°√¡∑’Ë   ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥
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πÿ°√¡
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°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ : ∫√‘…—∑‡¬‡π√“≈-
‡∑‡≈‚ø𠉥‡√§µÕ√’, ÚıÒı - √“¬ªï
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(Government Directories) 䴉ᡈ
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√— ∞ ∫“≈ Õ“®·¬°‡ªì π √–¥— ∫ °√–∑√«ß
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§. ∑”‡π’¬∫π“¡ ∂“∫—π (Insti-
tutional Directories) ‰¥â·°à ∑”‡π’¬∫
π“¡ ∂“∫—πµà“ß Ê ‡™àπ ∑”‡π’¬∫π“¡
 ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“ ∑”‡π’¬∫π“¡æ‘æ‘∏-
¿—≥± ∂“π ∑”‡π’¬∫π“¡‚√ß欓∫“≈
µ—«Õ¬à“ß
- The World of Learning the
International Handbook of University.
23th ed., London : Europe Publishing,
1947 annual. 2 vols.
(„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°’ˬ«°—∫ ∂“∫—π
°“√»÷°…“ ‡™àπ ÀâÕß ¡ÿ¥ ÀÕ®¥À¡“¬
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ª√–‡∑»µà“ß Ê ∑—Ë«‚≈°)
- The Siam Directory; The
Book of Facts and Figure. Bangkok :
Tawanna Publishing, 2498 - date.
565
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(Trade and Business Directories)
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∏ÿ√°‘® ‡™àπ Siam Directory
µ—«Õ¬à“ß
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∑”‡π’¬∫ÀÕ°“√§â“·≈– ¡“§¡°“√
§â“ æ.». ÚıÒ˘. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ :
ÚıÒ˘. ÒˆÚ Àπâ“.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
(„Àâ¢Õâ ¡Ÿ≈‡°’¬Ë «°—∫∏ÿ√°‘®°“√§â“
·∫à߇ªìπ À¡«¥ °. ∑”‡π’¬∫ÀÕ°“√§â“
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§. ∑”‡π’ ¬ ∫ª√–‡¿∑ ‘ π §â “ ·≈–∏ÿ √ °‘ ®
¡’¿“§ºπ«°‡°’ˬ«°—∫°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«
¢âÕß°—∫ÀÕ°“√§â“·≈– ¡“§¡°“√§â“)
©. ∑”‡π’ ¬ ∫π“¡Õ◊Ë π Ê ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à
 “¡“√∂®—¥‡¢â“ª√–‡¿∑Õ◊Ëπ Ê ∑’Ë°≈à“«
¡“·≈â« ‡ªìπµâπ«à“ ∑”‡π’¬∫π“¡»‘≈ª-
«—µ∂ÿ™‘È𠔧—≠¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬
µ—«Õ¬à“ß
¬‘È¡ ªí≥±¬“ß°Ÿ√. ∑”‡π’¬∫
π“¡ ¿“§ Ù. ∂ππ„π®—ßÀ«—¥æ√–π§√
·≈–∏π∫ÿ√’. æ√–π§√ : ‚√ßæ‘¡æå√ÿà߇√◊Õß
∏√√¡, Úıı. ÒÙ Àπâ“.
Ù.  “√“πÿ°√¡
 “√“πÿ°√¡ §◊Õ Àπ—ß ◊Õ√«¡
∫∑§«“¡¢π“¥ —È π Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«
‡°’ˬ«°—∫∫ÿ§§≈  ∂“π∑’Ë ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å ™◊ËÕ
µà“ß Ê Õ“®„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ°«â“ß Ê ‡°’ˬ«°—∫
ª√–«—µ‘ §«“¡‡ªìπ¡“ «‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õß
‡√◊ËÕßπ—Èπ Ê ®—¥‡√’¬ß∫∑§«“¡µà“ß Ê ‰«â
µ“¡≈”¥—∫Õ—°…√·∫∫æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ
„Àâ§âπÀ“ –¥«° ∫“߇√◊ËÕßÕ“®¡’¿“æ
µ“√“ß ∂‘ µ‘ ·ºπ¿Ÿ ¡‘ À√◊ Õ ·ºπ∑’Ë
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇢Ⓞ®™—¥‡®π¢÷Èπ
πÕ°®“°π—È π ®–®— ¥ ∑”∫√√≥“πÿ ° √¡
· ¥ßÀ≈— ° ∞“πª√–°Õ∫°“√§â π §«â “
·≈–®—¥∑”¥—™π’‰«â ”À√—∫™à«¬„À⺟âÕà“π
§âπÀ“‡√◊ËÕ߉¥â –¥«°√«¥‡√Á«¥â«¬
 “√“πÿ°√¡ ·∫àßÕÕ°‰¥âÀ≈“¬
ª√–‡¿∑
-  “√“πÿ°√¡∑—Ë«‰ª
-  “√“πÿ°√¡‡©æ“–«‘™“
°.  “√“πÿ°√¡∑—Ë«‰ª §◊Õ  “√“-
πÿ°√¡∑’Ë√«¡‡√◊ËÕß√“«µà“ß Ê ‰«â∑ÿ°·¢πß
‡π◊ÕÈ À“„Àâ¢Õâ ‡∑Á®®√‘ß À√◊Õ§«“¡√Ÿ°â «â“ß Ê
Õ“®®—¥∑”„Àâ‡À¡“–·°à«—¬¢ÕߺŸâ„™â
µ—«Õ¬à“ß
 “√“πÿ ° √¡∑—Ë « ‰ª ”À√— ∫
ºŸâ„À≠à
Ò)  “√“πÿ ° √¡‰∑¬ ©∫— ∫
√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π. æ√–π§√ :
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π, ÚÙ˘¯. ‡≈à¡ Ò -
ªí®®ÿ∫—π (¬—ßÕÕ°‰¡à§√∫™ÿ¥ ∑⓬‡≈à¡
·µà≈–‡≈à¡¡’ “√∫“≠§”·≈–‡√◊ËÕß„π‡≈à¡
∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—∫¥—™π’§âπ§”)
Ú) Encyclopaedia Ameri-
cana. N.Y.: The American Corporation,
1974. 30 Vols.
‡ªìπ “√“πÿ°√¡∑—Ë«‰ª∑’ˇ°à“·°à
·≈–¡’ ™◊Ë Õ ‡ ’ ¬ ß¡“°¢Õß À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “
‡√‘Ë¡æ‘¡æåÕÕ°‡º¬·æ√ൗÈß·µà §.». Ò¯Ú˘
¡’ Û ‡≈à¡®∫ ‡≈à¡∑’Ë Û ‡ªìπ¥—™π’§âπ‡√◊ËÕß
Û) The New Encyclopaedia
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30 Vols.
„À⧫“¡√Ÿ‡â °’¬Ë «°—∫‡√◊ÕË ß∑“ß«‘™“
°“√∑—Ë«‰ª ¡’¿“æª√–°Õ∫·≈–·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘
∑â “ ¬‡≈à ¡ ¡’ ™’ « ª√–«— µ‘ π— ° «‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å
‡√’¬ß≈”¥—∫‰«âµ“¡ªï ·≈–¡’¥—™π’§âπ‡√◊ËÕß
¥â«¬
 “√“πÿ°√¡∑—«Ë ‰ª ”À√—∫‡¥Á°
Ò)  “√“πÿ°√¡‰∑¬ ”À√—∫
‡¬“«™π ‚¥¬æ√–√“™ª√– ß§å ¢ Õß
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« ‡≈à¡ Ò.
°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ : ‚√ßæ‘¡æå§ÿ√ÿ ¿“,
ÚıÒ˘.
566
‡ªìπ “√“πÿ°√¡∑—Ë«‰ª ¡ÿà ß „Àâ
§«“¡√Ÿâ · °à ‡ ¬“«™π„π “¢“«‘ ™ “«‘ ∑ ¬“
»“ µ√å ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’  —ߧ¡»“ µ√å ¡πÿ…¬-
»“ µ√å „™â¿“…“‡À¡“–·°à‡¬“«™π„π«—¬
µà“ß Ê ¡’√“¬π“¡ºŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘∑’ˇ¢’¬π
‡√◊ËÕß √“¬π“¡ºŸâ√à«¡¡◊Õ ·≈–¡’¥—™π’∑⓬
‡≈à¡
Ú) World Book Encyclo-
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‡ªìπ “√“πÿ°√¡∑—Ë«‰ª ”À√—∫
‡¥Á°∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß¡“° ¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ∑ÿ°·¢πß
‡√‘Ë¡æ‘¡æ出¬·æ√ൗÈß·µà §.». Ò˘Ò˜
‡ªìπÀπ—ß ◊Õ™ÿ¥ ÚÚ ‡≈à¡ ‡≈à¡∑’Ë ÚÚ ¡’
¢âÕ·π–π”·π«∑“ß„π°“√»÷°…“§âπ§«â“
‡√◊ËÕß ”§—≠ Ê ¡’∫∑§«“¡·π–π”°“√∑”
√“¬ß“π ·≈–¡’¥—™π’§âπ‡√◊ËÕß
¢.  “√“πÿ°√¡‡©æ“–«‘™“ §◊Õ
 “√“πÿ°√¡∑’Ë√«∫√«¡§«“¡√Ÿâ·≈–‡√◊ËÕß
√“«‡©æ“–„π·¢πß«‘™“„¥«‘™“Àπ÷Ëß
µ—«Õ¬à“ß
Ò)  ¡æß»å ‡°…¡ ‘π.  “√“-
πÿ°√¡°“√∫√‘À“√. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ :
‰∑¬«—≤π“æ“π‘™, ÚıÒ˜. Ò˘Ú Àπâ“.
Ú) §≥–°√√¡°“√©≈Õß«— π
æ√–√“™ ¡¿æ§√∫ ¯ √Õ∫ ·≈– Ò ªï
¢Õßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–¡ß°ÿ Æ ‡°≈â “
‡®â“Õ¬ŸÀà «— .  “√“πÿ°√¡æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–¡ß°ÿƇ°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«. °√ÿ߇∑æ
¡À“π§√ : ‡®√‘≠«‘∑¬å°“√æ‘¡æå, ÚıÚÛ.
‡≈à¡ Ò, ıÒ˜ Àπâ“. ‡≈à¡ Ú, Ò,¯Ò
Àπâ“ : ¡’¥—™π’§âπ§”
Û) √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π  “√“-
πÿ°√¡ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å‰∑¬. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
 À∏√√¡‘°, ÚıÛ˜.  ∂“π∑’Ë ”§—≠
™◊ËÕπ—È𠔧—≠‰©π

‡°’Ë ¬ «¢â Õ ß°— ∫ ª√–«— µ‘ » “ µ√å √“™∏“π’
‡¡◊ÕßÀ≈«ß °ÆÀ¡“¬. ÒÚÛ §”, ¿“æ
ª√–°Õ∫ ¡’¥—™π’§âπ§”∑⓬‡≈à¡ ·¬°
æ‘¡æ嵓¡Õ—°…√ ‡™àπ Õ—°…√ ° ‡ªìπµâπ
Ù) ª√–æ—≤πå µ√’≥√ß§å ·≈–
 ß«π Õ—Èπ§ß.  “√“πÿ°√¡«√√≥§¥’.
æ√–π§√ : °â“«Àπâ“, Úıı. ˆÒ¯ Àπâ“.
„Àâ § «“¡√Ÿâ ‡ °’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ «√√≥§¥’
‰∑¬ »— æ ∑å ™◊Ë Õ Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ™◊Ë Õ µ— « ≈–§√
™’«ª√–«—µ‘°«’ ·≈–π—°ª√–æ—π∏å‰∑¬
ı) «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·Ààߪ√–‡∑»
‰∑¬,  ¡“§¡.  “√“πÿ ° √¡«‘ ∑ ¬“
»“ µ√å. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú. π§√À≈«ß
°√ÿ߇∑æ∏π∫ÿ√’ : ‰∑¬«—≤π“æ“π‘™, ÚıÒı.
Ûˆ Àπâ“ : ¿“æª√–°Õ∫ (æ‘¡æå§√—Èß
·√° æ.». Úı¯)
ˆ) Menke, Frank G. The
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revised by Suzanne Treat, New
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„Àâ § «“¡√Ÿâ ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß°“√°’ à “ ¡’
‡√◊ËÕß°“√°’Ó ”§—≠ Ê ∑—Ë«‚≈° √«¡∑—Èß
ª√–«—µ‘ °µ‘°“ ™◊ËÕπ—°°’Ó‡¥àπ Ê √“¬
™◊ËÕºŸâ™π–‡≈‘»  ∂‘µ‘°’Ó ¡’¥—™π’§âπ§”
‚¥¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥∑⓬‡≈ࡥ⫬
ı. Õ—°¢√“πÿ°√¡
§◊Õ Àπ—ß ◊ÕÕâ“ßÕ‘ß∑’Ë√«∫√«¡
‡√◊ËÕß√“«®“°™◊ËÕµà“ß Ê ‡™àπ ™◊ËÕ∫ÿ§§≈
™◊Ë Õ  ∂“π∑’Ë ®— ¥ ‡√’ ¬ ßµ“¡≈”¥— ∫ Õ— ° …√
Õ—°¢√“πÿ°√¡∑’Ë¡’„™â„π¿“…“‰∑¬ Õ“®
‰¡à‡√’¬°™◊ËÕ«à“ Õ—°¢√“πÿ°√¡ °Á‰¥â ‡™àπ
‡√’¬°«à“ ª√–«—µ‘§√Ÿ ª√–«—µ‘π—°‡¢’¬π
‡ªìπµâπ
§ÿ≥À≠‘ß°ÿ≈∑√—æ¬å ‡°…·¡àπ°‘®
Õ— ° ¢√“πÿ ° √¡ ¡’ À ≈“¬
ª√–‡¿∑ ‡™àπ
°. Õ—°¢√“πÿ°√¡™’«ª√–«—µ‘
∫ÿ§§≈ „Àâ√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫°”‡π‘¥
°“√»÷°…“ Õ“™’æ  ∂“π¿“æ§√Õ∫§√—«
Àπâ“∑’Ë°“√ß“π ¿“√°‘®„π —ߧ¡ ¡’∑—Èß
ª√–‡¿∑∑’ˬ—ß¡’™’«‘µÕ¬ŸàÀ√◊Õ ‘Èπ™’«‘µ·≈â«
À√◊Õ√«¡ª√–«—µ‘∫ÿ§§≈µ“¡ “¢“Õ“™’æ
䴉ᡈ
Ò) Õ— ° ¢√“πÿ ° √¡™’ « ª√–«— µ‘
∫ÿ§§≈∑—«Ë ‰ª ¡’∑ß—È ∑’√Ë «¡™’«ª√–«—µ‡‘ ©æ“–
∑’ˬ—ß¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà À√◊Õ√«¡™’«ª√–«—µ‘∑—Èß
∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˬ—ß¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà·≈– ‘Èπ™’«‘µ·≈â«
µ—«Õ¬à“ß
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N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1935. 12 Vols.
Àπ—ß ◊ÕÕ—°¢√“πÿ°√¡π’ȇªìπ™ÿ¥
ÒÚ ‡≈à¡®∫ „Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°’ˬ«°—∫∫ÿ§§≈
¢Õß‚≈°∑ÿ°·¢πßÕ“™’æ ∑—Èß∑’Ë¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà
·≈– ‘Èπ™’«‘µ‰ª·≈â« ‡≈à¡∑’Ë ÒÚ ‡ªìπ¥—™π’
¡’∑—Èߥ—™π’§âπ‡√◊ËÕß·≈–§âπÀ—«‡√◊ËÕß ∫Õ°
‡≈à¡∑’Ë ·≈–‡≈¢∑’Ë Àπâ“∑’Ë®–§âπÀ“™’«-
ª√–«—µ‘π—Èπ Ê
Ú) International Whoûs
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Ò˘Ûı ®π∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π ÕÕ°‡ªì π √“¬ªï
ª√—∫ª√ÿßµ≈Õ¥¡“
„Àâ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ™’ « ª√–«— µ‘
∫ÿ§§≈ ”§—≠∑—Ë«‚≈°„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‡©æ“–∑’Ë
¬—ß¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà (√«¡∑—Èߧπ‰∑¬¥â«¬) ‡√’¬ß
√“¬°“√µ“¡≈”¥—∫Õ—°…√π“¡ °ÿ≈ ¢âÕ
¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë„À⇪ìπ¢âÕ§«“¡ —Èπ Ê „™â§”¬àÕ‡ªìπ
®”π«π¡“° ·µà¡’§”Õ∏‘∫“¬«‘∏’„™â‰«âµÕπ
µâπ‡≈ࡥ⫬
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«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬. ÚıÙ¯
¢. Õ—°¢√“πÿ°√¡™’«ª√–«—µ‘
∫ÿ§§≈„𙓵‘À√◊Õ„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ
µ—«Õ¬à“ß
Ò) Whoûs Who in Thai-
land „Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°’ˬ«°—∫™’«ª√–«—µ‘∫ÿ§§≈
 ”§—≠∑—Èß™“«‰∑¬·≈–™“«µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬∑’ˬ—ß¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà ¡’
¿“æª√–°Õ∫ ·≈–¡’ ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß‡ªì π ¿“…“
Õ—ß°ƒ… µ’æ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à„π√Ÿª«“√ “√
√“¬‡¥◊Õπ
§. Õ—°¢√“πÿ°√¡™’«ª√–«—µ‘
∫ÿ§§≈„π “¢“Õ“™’æ
µ—«Õ¬à“ß
Ò) ª√–«—µ‘§√Ÿ ‚¥¬§≥–
Õπÿ ° √√¡°“√®— ¥ ∑”Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ª√–«— µ‘ § √Ÿ
¢Õߧÿ√ÿ ¿“ √«∫√«¡™’«ª√–«—µ‘§√Ÿ‰∑¬
§π ”§— ≠ Ê ·≈–§√Ÿ ∑’Ë ¡’ º ≈ß“π¥’ ‡ ¥à π
¡’§ÿ≥§«“¡¥’ ∑’ˇ ’¬™’«‘µ·≈â« ‡√’¬ß√“¬
°“√µ“¡≈”¥—∫Õ“«ÿ‚  ÕÕ°‡º¬·æ√à‡ªìπ
√“¬ªï ¡’¥—™π’§âπ™◊ËÕ‡®â“¢Õß™’«ª√–«—µ‘
‡√’¬ßµ“¡≈”¥—∫µ—«Õ—°…√ µ—Èß·µà‡≈à¡·√°
∂÷߇≈à¡ªí®®ÿ∫—πµ’æ‘¡æ剫â∑⓬‡≈à¡ ‡™àπ
À¡àÕ¡À≈«ßªîòπ ¡“≈“°ÿ≈
Ú) ª√–«—µπ‘ °— ‡¢’¬π‰∑¬
¢Õß°√¡»‘≈ª“°√ „Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈™’«ª√–«—µ‘
π—°‡¢’¬π‰∑¬∑’ˬ—ß¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà ·≈– ‘Èπ™’«‘µ
·≈â « ÕÕ°µ“¡‚Õ°“  ®π∂÷ ß ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π
(ÚıÙˆ) ÕÕ°‡º¬·æ√à·≈â« Û ‡≈à¡ ‡√’¬ß
√“¬°“√µ“¡≈”¥— ∫ Õ— ° …√™◊Ë Õ π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π
À√◊ Õ π“¡ª“°°“¢Õßπ— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π ·≈–¡’
¥— ™ π’ §â π π“¡ª“°°“π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡
·∫∫‚¬ß√“¬°“√ À√◊ÕÕâ“ß∂÷ß
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„Àâ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫
™’«ª√–«—µ‘π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√噓«Õ‡¡√‘°—π
·≈–§“‡π‡¥’ ¬ π∑’Ë ¬— ß ¡’ ™’ «‘ µ Õ¬Ÿà ∑—È ß À≠‘ ß
·≈–™“¬‡√’¬ß√“¬°“√µ“¡À—«‡√◊ËÕß ·∫àß
µ“¡ “¢“«‘ ™ “ ‡™à π ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å
§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ™’«‡§¡’  —µ«»“ µ√å ¡’¥—™π’
™◊Ë Õ ∫ÿ § §≈·≈–™◊Ë Õ  ∂“π∑’Ë ‡√’ ¬ ßµ“¡
≈”¥—∫Õ—°…√
ß. Õ— ° ¢√“πÿ ° √¡ª√–«— µ‘ -
»“ µ√å
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πÿ°√¡ª√–«—µ»‘ “ µ√å‰∑¬. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
ÚıÚˆ. ·¬°æ‘¡æ凪ìπ‡≈ࡵ“¡µ—«Õ—°…√
Õ—°…√ ° (ÚıÚˆ) Õ—°…√ § ™ ´
(ÚıÛˆ) Õ—°…√ ¨ ≠ Æ ∞ ≤ ¥ µ
(ÚıÛ¯) ‡ªìπµâπ
¡’ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ∫ÿ § §≈
‡™àπ æ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬å ‡¡◊Õß  ∂“π∑’Ë
¿Ÿ‡¢“ ·¡àπÈ”  ∂“π∑’Ë ”§—≠ ‡™àπ ‚√ß
°…“ª≥å ∂ππ°√ÿ߇°…¡ ‚∫√“≥ ∂“π
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ÀπⓇ≈à¡ °“√‡√’¬ß§”µ“¡æ®π“πÿ°√¡
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µ“¡¥â « ¬≈— ° …≥–¢Õß™◊Ë Õ ‡™à π °°-
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Ò˜˘ı ‰¥â¡’À—«Àπâ“·µ√«ß™“«Ω√—Ë߇» ™◊ËÕ Bernade Sarrette
‰¥â°àÕµ—Èß Conservatorio ·Ààß·√°¢÷Èπ∑’Ë°√ÿߪ“√’ „πΩ√—Ë߇» 
 ∂“∫—ππ’È Õπ·µà¥πµ√’‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ‰¡à Õπ«‘™“™’æ µàÕ¡“
¡’°“√æ—≤𓇪ìπ Paris Conservatoire ´÷Ë߇ªìπ ∂“∫—π°“√
¥πµ√’∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß∑’Ë ÿ¥·ÀàßÀπ÷ËߢÕß‚≈°
µ≈Õ¥§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘ §«“¡§‘ ¥ ¥â “ π°“√µ—È ß
 ∂“∫—π Õπ¥πµ√’·æ√àÀ≈“¬‰ª∑—È߬ÿ‚√ª·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ… ¡’°“√°àÕ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
µ—ßÈ  ∂“∫—π°“√ Õπ¥πµ√’ ‡™àπ ∑’°Ë √ÿߪ√“° °√ÿ߇«’¬ππ“  ∂“∫—π
Leipzig Konservatorium „π‡¬Õ√¡π’ The Royal Academy
of Music ·≈– The Royal College of Music „πª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ…
 à«π„π À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ¡’°“√°àÕµ—Èß ∂“∫—π°“√¥πµ√’
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Ú ‡™àπ Peabody Conservatory of Music ∑’ˇ¡◊Õß∫—≈µ‘¡Õ√å
The Curtis Institute of Music ∑’ˇ¡◊Õßøî≈“‡¥≈‡øï¬ ·≈– The
Julliard School ∑’Ëπ§√𑫬Õ√å° ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’°“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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∑’Ë¡“®“°π“ß°‘π√’„π«√√≥§¥’ —π °ƒµ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

·≈â«≈լ旰µ√嬗°§Õπ—ËßµàÕ«à“ ∏√√¡‡π’¬¡¡“‡™àππ’Ⱥ‘¥«‘ —¬
∑à“π°Á‡ªìπ§ÿ≥∑â“«¬àÕ¡‡¢â“„® ∑”‰¡‰¡àµ√–‡µ√’¬¡∏√√¡‡π’¬¡¡’
®–¡“√—∫≈Ÿ° –„¿â‡®â“‰°√®—°√å ‰¡à ¡»—°¥‘χ ’¬Àπâ“ ‘Èπ√“»’
®–‰¥â¢“¬∫“∑“ΩÉ“∏ÿ≈’ ‰¬‰¡à¡’«Õ∑Õß ”√Õß¡“

(·°â«Àπâ“¡â“  ”π«π‚√ßæ‘¡æå√“…Æ√凮√‘≠, ‡≈à¡ Ò : ÚÒ)

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479
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

„π ”π«π¢Õß‚√ßæ‘ ¡ æå √ “…Æ√å ‡ ®√‘ ≠ ‡¡◊ËÕ∂Õ¥Àπâ“¡â“ÕÕ°·≈â« §«“¡ ‚√¡«‘∂’‡æ◊ËÕÀ“∑“ß∑âÕß°—∫æ‘π∑Õß„À≥â

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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

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™≈¥“ ‡√◊Õß√—°…å≈‘¢‘µ
483
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

‡æ’¬ßπ’È¡‘æÕ‡ªìπ‰√π—° ≈Ÿ°√—°®—°‡∑’ˬ«· «ßÀ“
∫ÿ≠·≈â«°Á·§≈â«æ√–Õ“≠“ ‚»°“§√«≠§√Ë”‰ª∑”‰¡
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√’∫ÕÕ°πÕ°∑«“√‡«’¬ß™—¬ ∫à“¬ÀπⓇ¢â“„πæπ“≈’ (Àπâ“ ÒÙ)

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™≈¥“ ‡√◊Õß√—°…å≈‘¢‘µ
485
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

‡¡◊Ë Õ  ‘ π  ¡ÿ ∑ √‡ÀÁ π °Á ™ ¡π“ß«à “ √∫™π–Õÿ»‡√π·≈â« π“߇¥“«à“æ√–Õ¿—¬- ·ª≈°‰ª®“°‡¥‘¡ ¥—ߪ√“°Ø„π°≈Õπ«à“

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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 30 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2005

Abstract The Meanings and the Roles of The Horse Face of Nang Kaeo Na Ma
Cholada Ruengruglikit
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand

This article aims at studying the meanings and the roles of the horse face, or the horse-faced mask,
of Nang Kaeo Na Ma in the folk dance-drama version of the story of Kaeo Na Ma composed by Prince
Phuwanetnarinrit and also in Nithan Khamklon Rueng Kaeo Na Ma written by Nai But. In this paper, the
horse face is considered a mask like Khon masks and the masks feigning in the parties. It is found that
this horse-faced mask not only accords with Nang Kaeo’s tomboyish manners, but also has several hidden
meanings. These meanings include the heroine’s unrefined behaviors, self hiding, ugliness and peculiarity,
a protective gear, extraordinary strength, male personality and characteristics, and generosity. All of these
meanings also exist in Thai dictions, idioms, and in some literary works. These meanings amazingly
comply with Nang Kaeo’s character, and behaviors. This horse face enables the heroine to present her self
in three different figures and personalities which open a good chance for her to alternatively play the
roles of a heroine, of a hero, and of a comedian. Nang Kaeo therefore plays more roles than other heroines
in Thai literary works. From this study, it is also found that the horse face has three important roles. First,
it helps the actress who plays the role of the heroine to conveniently and realistically change from her
ugly horse face to a beautiful face by taking the mask off and putting it on again if she would like to
return to her former face. Secondly, it brings unity to the story. Thirdly, it creates a new type of heroine in
Thai literary circle. She chooses her own destiny. She is strong, brave and has important roles on her
family’s and society’s happiness.

Key words : the story of Kaeo Na Ma, Prince Phuwanetnarinrit, Nai But, the horse face of Nang Kaeo,
meanings, roles, A new type of Thai heroine

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¢Õßπ“ß·°â«Àπâ“¡â“
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