∫∑ 
¥ÿ¥’
‡∑‘¥æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘
ª“∞°∂“‡∑‘¥æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘‡ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ
(æ≈µ√’ æ√–‡®â“«√«ß»å‡∏Õ
°√¡À¡◊Ëππ√“∏‘ªæß»åª√–æ—π∏å)*
„π°≈ÿà ¡ ºŸâ   π„®‡√◊Ë Õ ß¿“…“·≈–
Àπ—ß ◊Õ √«¡∑—Èßπ—°«‘™“°“√∑ÿ° “¢“
§ß‰¡à ¡’ ºŸâ „ ¥∑’Ë ® –‰¡à √Ÿâ ®— ° æ√–π“¡
çæ√–Õߧå«√√≥œé ºŸâ´÷Ë߇ª√’¬∫‡ ¡◊Õπ
‡æ™√πÈ”Àπ÷ËߢÕߧπ‰∑¬.
*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ —¡¡π“∑“ß«‘™“°“√ ‡√◊ÕË ß ç°√¡À¡◊πË π√“∏‘ªæß»åª√–æ—π∏å°∫— ß“π∫—≠≠—µ»‘ æ
√Õ¬—≈´‘µ’È ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Òı ¡’π“§¡ æ.». ÚıÙı
Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«–
æ≈µ√’ æ√–‡®â“«√«ß»å‡∏Õ °√¡
À¡◊Ëππ√“∏‘ªæß»åª√–æ—π∏å ª√– Ÿµ‘‡¡◊ËÕ
«—π∑’Ë Úı  ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.». ÚÙÛÙ; ªïπ’È
®÷߇ªìπªï∑’Ë ÒÒ ·Ààß°“√ª√– Ÿµ‘¢Õß
æ√–Õߧå. ‡ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ ∑√߇ªìππ—°
— ∑åé ≥ ‚√ß·√¡
ı˘ı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«–
𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
°“√∑Ÿµ π—°°“√»÷°…“ π—°Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå
·≈–π—°ª°§√Õß, ·µà∑’Ë√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π®— ¥ °“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ «‘ ™ “°“√¢÷È π „π
«—π»ÿ°√å∑’Ë Òı ¡’π“§¡ æ.». ÚıÙı
¡ÿà ß ‡πâ π ‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡∑‘ ¥ æ√–‡°’ ¬ √µ‘ æ √–Õߧå
∑à“π„π∞“π–π—°¿“…“»“ µ√å·≈–π—°
∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å. º≈ß“π¢Õßæ√–Õߧå
©“¬„Àâ ‡ ÀÁ 𠧫“¡¡’ Õ— ® ©√‘ ¬ ¿“æ¢Õß
æ√–Õߧå.
‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ëπà“æ‘»«ß¡“°∑’ˇ ¥Á®
„π°√¡œ »÷°…“¿“…“‰∑¬‡æ’¬ß·§àæ√–
™π¡“¬ÿ ÒÙ ªï ·≈⫇ ¥Á®‰ª∑√ß»÷°…“
µàÕ∑’Ë‚√߇√’¬π¡—∏¬¡ Marlborough
College ∑’˪√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ… ·≈â«∑√ß
»÷°…“µàÕ∑’Ë¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ÕÕ°´åøÕ√å¥
„π Balliol College ∑√߉¥âª√‘≠≠“
µ√’ ‡ °’ ¬ √µ‘ π‘ ¬ ¡∑“ߪ√–«— µ‘ » “ µ√å .
√–À«à“ß∑’Ë∑√ß»÷°…“„π¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬°Á
»÷°…“‡æ’¬ß¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ¿“…“‡¬Õ√-
¡—π ·≈–¿“…“‚∫√“≥§◊Õ¿“…“≈–µ‘π
·≈–¿“…“°√’°‡∑à“π—Èπ. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ ¥Á®°≈—∫
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π æ.». ÚÙˆÚ ‰¡àπ“π
æ√–Õߧå∑√ßµ√–Àπ—°∂÷ߧ«“¡®”‡ªìπ
∑’Ë µâ Õ ß¡’ »— æ ∑å ¿ “…“‰∑¬„™â ‡æ√“–
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
¿“…“‰∑¬®–‡ªì π À≈— ° ª√–°— π ·Àà ß
§«“¡¡—πË §ß¢Õߪ√–™“™“µ‘‰∑¬µàÕ‰ª,
Õ’°∑—Èß°“√π”¿“…“µà“ߪ√–‡∑»¡“„™â
‚¥¬‡¢’¬π∑—∫»—æ∑å §π‰∑¬∑’‰Ë ¡à√¿âŸ “…“
µà“ߪ√–‡∑»π—Èπ°Á‰¡à‡¢â“„® À√◊Õ∂â“√Ÿâ‰¡à
≈÷°´÷Èß°Á‡¥◊Õ¥√âÕπ ‡ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ ∑√ß
°≈à“««à“
°“√∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ »— æ ∑å „ Àâ À ¡ÿ π
‡«’ ¬ π‚¥¬¡’ µ √“Õ”π“®ª√–∑— ∫
Õ¬Ÿà§◊ÕÕ”π“®·Ààß√—∞ ·≈–»—æ∑å∑’Ë
µ—Èߢ÷Èπ®–‰¡àÀ¡ÿπ‡«’¬π‡ªìπ∂“«√
À“°«à“Õ—®©√‘¬≈—°…≥å¢Õß¿“…“
‰¡àÕ”π«¬„Àâ
‡ ¥Á ® „π°√¡œ ∑√ß∫— π ∑÷ °
¢âÕ§«“¡‡ªìπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…¢â“ßµâπ‰«â
¥—ßπ’È
To coin a word is to put
it in circulation with a stamp
of authority.
A coinage will not gain
permanent currency unless it
has the sanction of the ge-
nius of the language.
‡π◊ÈÕ§«“¡¢â“ß∫π‡æ’¬ß —ÈπÊ °Á
©“¬„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ßæ√–ª√’™“ “¡“√∂∑“ß
¥â“π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’.
‡ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ ∑√߇ªìππ—°ª√–-
™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·≈–∑√ß¡’æ√–∑—¬°«â“ߥ—ß∑’Ë
ª√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà „ π¢â Õ ‡¢’ ¬ π¢Õßæ√–Õߧå
‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å∑’Ë«à“
Ò) »— æ ∑å ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ µâ Õ ß‰¡à ¢— ¥ °— ∫
»—æ∑å„π√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠,
Ú) ∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å«‘™“„¥«‘™“Àπ÷Ëß
µâÕ߉¡à„À⢗¥°—π°—∫Õ’°«‘™“Àπ÷Ëß, ·≈–
Û) ºŸâ∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑åµâÕßæ√âÕ¡∑’Ë®–
‡º™‘≠°—∫ºŸâ«‘æ“°…å«‘®“√≥å.
»— æ ∑å ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ „ π«ß°“√·æ∑¬å ,
°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß, °“√µà “ ߪ√–‡∑»
·≈–∑—Ë«Ê ‰ª
„π∞“π–∑’˺Ÿâ∫√√¬“¬‡ªìπ·æ∑¬å
·≈–¬—ß π„®‡√◊ËÕßÕ◊ËπÊ ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫
«—≤π∏√√¡·≈– —ߧ¡¥â«¬, °Á§ß‡™àπ
‡¥’ ¬ «°— ∫ ∑à “ π∑—È ß À≈“¬ §«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ °
ª√–∑—∫„®¢ÕߺŸâ∫√√¬“¬‡√◊ËÕß·√° §◊Õ
‡√◊ÕË ß»—æ∑å∫≠ — ≠—µ‡‘ °’¬Ë «°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈–
°“√∑Ÿµ. À“°®–°≈à“««à“§π‰∑¬‡ªìπÀπ’È
æ√–°√ÿ≥“∏‘§≥ ÿ ¢Õßæ√–ÕߧåÕ¬à“ß¡“°
°Á§ß‰¡àº‘¥¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß ‡æ√“–∂Ⓣ¡à¡’
æ√–Õߧ废â®ÿ¥ª√–°“¬§«“¡§‘¥·°à§π
‰∑¬«à“ ç¿“…“‡ªìπ«—≤π∏√√¡ª√–®”
™“µ‘é ·≈– ç‡√“µâÕß∫”√ÿß√—°…“‰«âé
‡√“°Á§ßµâÕß„™â¿“…“µ–«—πµ°„π‡√◊ËÕß
∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å °“√‡¡◊Õß ·≈–°“√∑Ÿµ
Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«, §«“¡¿“§¿Ÿ¡‘„® §«“¡
ª√–≥’µ¢Õß¿“…“‰∑¬°Á§ß®–∂¥∂Õ¬
¥âÕ¬≈߉ª¡“°°«à“π’È.
®√‘ßÕ¬Ÿà»—æ∑å∑’Ë∑√ß∫—≠≠—µ‘¢÷Èπ¡“
„À¡à ·√°Ê Õ“®øíߢ—¥ÀŸ °“√¬Õ¡√—∫
Õ“®®–§àÕπ¢â“߬“°. »“ µ√“®“√¬å
πæ.Õ«¬ ‡°µÿ ß‘ Àå ‡§¬°≈à“«∂÷ßæ√–Õߧå
∑à“π«à“ Õ—π∑’Ë®√‘ß çæ√–Õߧå«√√≥œé
¡‘ ‰ ¥â ∑ √߬÷ ¥ µ‘ ¥ °— ∫ ç»— æ ∑å ‡  πÕé.
»—æ∑å„¥∑’∑Ë √߇ πÕ„Àâ„™âÀ“°¡’º∑Ÿâ °— ∑â«ß
‡¡◊Ë Õ ∑√߇ÀÁ π ¥â « ¬‡Àµÿ ¥â « ¬º≈°Á ∑ √ß
¬Õ¡√—∫·≈–ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ„À¡à ‡™à𠧔
heart failure ∑√ß∫—≠≠—µ‘ çÀ—«„®«Õ¥é
‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ºŸâ∑—°∑â«ß °Á∑√߇ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª‡ªìπ
ı˘ˆ
(æ≈µ√’ æ√–‡®â“«√«ß»å‡∏Õ °√¡À¡◊Ëππ√“∏‘ªæß»åª√–æ—π∏å)
çÀ—«„®«“¬é.
¥â“π»—æ∑å°“√∑Ÿµ ∑√ß∫—≠≠—µ‘
»—æ∑凪ìπ¿“…“‰∑¬∑’®Ë ”‡ªìπ‰«â®”π«π
¡“° ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ Õ“π‘   ß å · °à ° “√∑Ÿ µ
‰∑¬Õ¬à“ßÕ‡π°Õπ—πµå, ∑√߇≈à“«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ
§√—Èß¡’»—æ∑åÕ“√¬∏√√¡¬ÿ‚√ª„À¡àÊ ¡“
„™â·æ√àÀ≈“¬„π∑“ß√“™°“√ ∑’˪√÷°…“
 ∂“π∑Ÿµ®’π ≥ °√ÿߪ“√’  ‡§¬ª√—∫
∑ÿ°¢å°—∫æ√–Õߧå«à“ »—æ∑åΩ√—Ëß·ª≈‡ªìπ
¿“…“®’𬓰Àπ—°Àπ“ ·µà¿“…“‰∑¬
¢Õ߇√“π—πÈ √Ë”√«¬ µ—ßÈ √—∫‰¥â∑°ÿ °√–∫«π
∑à“, ‡æ√“–
‡¡◊ËÕΩ√—Ë߇¢“ approach ‡√“°Á
ª√“√¿.
‡¡◊ÕË ‡¢“ sound ‡√“°Á∑“∫∑“¡.
‡¡◊ÕË ‡¢“¡’ conversations ‡√“
¡’°“√ π∑π“.
‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡¢“¡’ exchange of
views ‡√“¡’°“√·≈°‡ª≈’¬Ë 𧫓¡‡ÀÁπ.
‡¡◊ËÕ‡¢“¡’ pourparlers ‡√“¡’
°“√查®“°—π.
‡¡◊ËÕ‡¢“¡’ consultations ‡√“
¡’°“√ª√÷°…“°—π.
‡¡◊ÕË ‡¢“ negotiate ‡√“°Á‡®√®“
°—π.
æ√–¥”√‘ ∑’Ë «à “ §”„¥∑’Ë ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘
·≈⫬—߉¡à¥’ ‰¡à„™à®–ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ‰¡à‰¥â,
‡æ√“–»—æ∑å„¥∑’˺Ÿâ„™â‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫ »—æ∑å
π—Èπ°Á®–µ“¬‰ª‡Õß·≈–°Á®–‡°‘¥»—æ∑å
Õ◊Ëπ¢÷Èπ¡“„À¡à. ∂â“»—æ∑åπ—Èπ‡À¡“– ¡
°Á®–¬◊π¬ß¡’™«’ µ‘ Õ¬Ÿµà Õà ‰ª ∑√߬°»—æ∑å
culture ‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ∏‘∫“¬. æ√–¥”√‘
¢âÕπ’È«à“ ‡¥‘¡∑√ß∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“ çæƒ∑∏‘-
∏√√¡é ·µà§π‰¡à𬑠¡‡æ√“–‰¡àµÕâ ߥ⫬
çÕ— ® ©√‘ ¬ ≈— ° …≥å ¢ Õß¿“…“‰∑¬é ¡’
‡ ’¬ß∑’ËÕÕ°®–Àπ—°‰ª. µàÕ¡“®÷ß∑√ß
ª“∞°∂“‡∑‘¥æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘‡ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ

ª√— ∫ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π„À¡à ‡ ªì π ç«— ≤ π∏√√¡é
·≈–§”π’È°Á 絑¥é ‡¢â“¡“„π¿“…“‰∑¬
µ√“∫®π∑ÿ°«—ππ’È ¬“°∑’Ë®–≈∫„ÀâÕÕ°
‰ª®“°¿“…“‰∑¬‰¥â.
‡ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ ¡‘‰¥â√Õ∫√Ÿâ‡æ’¬ß
»“ µ√å À“°∑√ß™”π“≠°“√∑“ß»‘≈ªá
¥â«¬.
»‘≈ªá¿“…“ «‘™“°“√µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë
∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ 结 µ√åé π—Èπ ∑ÿ°§πæÕ®–
»÷°…“À“§«“¡√Ÿâ°—π‰¥â·µà 绑≈ªáé π—Èπ
¢÷πÈ Õ¬Ÿ°à ∫— §«“¡ “¡“√∂‡©æ“–µ—«¥â«¬.
çæ√–Õߧå«√√≥œé ∑√ßÀ¬—Ëß∂÷ß»‘≈ª–
°“√„™â¿“…“ ·≈–µ—«Àπ—ß ◊Õ√–∫“¬
¿“槫“¡√Ÿâ ÷°π÷°§‘¥„Àâ¡’ ’ —π®π‡°‘¥
ç¿“ææ®πåé Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π, µà“ß®“°
¿“…“¢Õߧπ‰∑¬ªí®®ÿ∫—π´÷Ëß„™â¿“…“
Õ¬à“ߢ“¥Õ√√∂√ .  ‘Ëß∑’ˇÀÁπ‰¥âßà“¬Ê
„π∑ÿ°«—𠇙àπ ‡æ≈߉∑¬ ¡—¬„À¡à∑’Ë
∫“߇æ≈ß„™â§”‡æ’¬ß‰¡à°’˧”√âÕß´È”‰ª
´È”¡“ ¢“¥√ ·≈–§«“¡ª√–≥’µ¢Õß
¿“…“. °Á¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’ȇæ≈ß·≈–Àπ—ß ◊Õ
∑’æË ¡‘ æ出¬·æ√àÕ¬Ÿ„à π∑âÕßµ≈“¥ªí®®ÿ∫π—
®÷߉¡àÕ¬Ÿà¬ß‡ªìπÕ¡µ–Õ¬à“߇™àπ‡æ≈ß
À√◊ÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ„π ¡—¬°àÕπ ´÷ËߺŸâ√âÕ¬‡√’¬ß
¡’§«“¡æ‘∂’æ‘∂—π„π°“√‡≈◊Õ°„™â§”∂à“¬
∑Õ¥§«“¡À¡“¬·≈–§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°π÷°§‘¥
Õ¬à“ß≈—°…≥–¿“…“«√√≥§¥’.
»‘≈ª–¥â“π°“√∑Ÿµ æ√–ª√’™“
 “¡“√∂∑“ߥ⠓ π°“√∑Ÿ µ π—È π °Á ‡ ªì π ∑’Ë
ª√–®—°…å™—¥ ‰¡à‡©æ“–·µà¥â“π¿“…“
·≈–°“√∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ »— æ ∑å ‡ ∑à “ π—È π , ∑√ß
‡™’ˬ«™“≠„π»‘≈ª–°“√∑Ÿµ¥â«¬∑√ß„™â
‡™“«πåªí≠≠“·≈–§«“¡·π∫‡π’¬π„π
°“√∑”§«“¡‡¢â “ „®°— ∫ ™πµà “ ß™“µ‘ ,
∑√ß„™âÀ≈—°®‘µ«‘∑¬“·≈–µ√√°«‘∑¬“
„ÀâΩÉ“¬µ√ߢⓡ¬Õ¡√—∫µ“¡¢âÕ‡√’¬°
Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«–
√âÕß‚¥¬∑’ËΩÉ“¬π—Èπ‰¡à√Ÿâ ÷°‡ ’¬Àπâ“À√◊Õ
‡ ’¬‡ª√’¬∫, ∑√߬°µ—«Õ¬à“ß°“√‡®√®“
∑” π∏‘ ≠ — ≠“√–À«à“߉∑¬°—∫Õ‘π‚¥®’π
¢ÕßΩ√—ßË ‡»  ‡¡◊ÕË æ.». ÚÙ¯Ù Ω√—ßË ‡»  §√—È߇≈à“, ∑√߉¥â√—∫°“√¬°¬àÕß«à“‡ªìπ
‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫«à“ ç·¡àπÈ”‚¢ß‡ªìπ·¡àπÈ”
√–À«à “ ߪ√–‡∑»é (international
river) °Á‰¡à∑√߬◊π°√“πÀ√◊Õ§—¥§â“π,
‡æ√“–®–‡ªìπª√–‡¥Áπ∑’∑Ë ”„À≡ࠓ¡“√∂
‡®√®“µàÕ‰ª‰¥â ·µà∑√߇ πÕ∑“ßÕÕ°
„À⇪ìπ¢âÕæ‘®“√≥“„À¡à«à“ ç·¡àπÈ”‚¢ß
‡ªìπ·¡àπÈ”‡¢µ·¥πé (frontier river),
·≈–®“°°“√µ’§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß ç‡°“–é
„π¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√‡®√®“µàÕ¡“ ∑”„Àâ‰∑¬
‰¥â √— ∫ ‡°“–·≈–∑’Ë ¥ Õπ„π·¡à πÈ” ‚¢ß
°≈— ∫ §◊ π ¡“µ“¡∑’Ë µ—È ß „®‰«â °à Õ π¡’ ° “√
‡®√®“, ‚¥¬∑’ËΩÉ“¬Ω√—Ë߇» ¬Õ¡µ“¡
‚¥¬‰¡à√Ÿâ ÷°«à“‰¡àµâÕ߇ ’¬Àπâ“À√◊Õ‡ ’¬
‡ª√’¬∫‰∑¬.
Õ’°‡√◊ÕË ßÀπ÷ßË ∑’ºË ¡®–¢Õ¬°¡“‡æ◊ÕË
„Àâ‡ÀÁπæ√–ª√’™“™“≠¥â“π°“√∑Ÿµ §◊Õ
‡√◊ËÕß∑’ËÕ—ß°ƒ…‡√’¬°√âÕߢՇ≈◊ËÕπ¥à“π
°— ° °— π ‚√§´÷Ë ß Õ¬Ÿà π Õ° — π ¥Õπ·¡à πÈ”
‡®â“æ√–¬“„À⇢ⓡ“Õ¬Ÿà„π —π¥Õπ, ´÷Ëß
ΩÉ“¬‰∑¬‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬ ·≈–·¡â‰∑¬®–¡’
¢âÕ‚µâ·¬âß∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’ÀË π—°·πàπ·≈–
 ¡‡Àµÿ ¡º≈ ·µà°Á§“¥«à“ΩÉ“¬Õ—ß°ƒ…
µâÕß‚µâ·¬âß°≈—∫¡“, ®÷ß∑√ß√à“ßÀπ—ß ◊Õ
°≈à“«∂÷ߧ«“¡‰¡à –¥«°µà“ßÊ ∑’ÕË ß— °ƒ…
®–‰¥â√—∫À“°¬â“¬ ∂“π∑’˵“¡∑’ˇ πÕ
¡“, ‚¥¬ΩÉ“¬‰∑¬√—∫√Õß«à“®–æ‘®“√≥“
À“∑’Ë„À¡à„Àâ. Õ—ß°ƒ…¬Õ¡√—∫¢âÕ‡ πÕ
π’È ∑—Èß∑’˧«“¡®√‘߉∑¬¡‘‰¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√
„¥Ê ∑—Èß ‘Èπ.
°“√∑’ªË √–‡∑»‰∑¬‡¢â“‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°
Õߧ尓√ Àª√–™“™“µ‘¿“¬À≈—ߠߧ√“¡
‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú ‰¥â °Á¥â«¬°ÿ»‚≈∫“¬∑“ß
ı˘˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
°“√∑Ÿµ¢Õßæ√–Õߧå∑à“π. §«“¡‡ªìπ
π— ° °“√∑Ÿ µ ¢Õßæ√–Õß§å ª √“°Ø‚¥¥
‡¥àπ„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡π“π“™“µ‘§√—Èß·≈â«
π— ° ª√–π’ ª √–πÕ¡∑’Ë   “¡“√∂·°â ‰ ¢
¿“«–™–ß—°ß—π„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ·≈–π”
§«“¡ ”‡√Á®¡“ Ÿà°“√‡®√®“, Õ¬à“߇™àπ
°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ π∏‘ —≠≠“ªÑÕß°—π√à«¡°—π
·Àà߇Շ™’¬µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß„µâ ( ªÕ.)
∑’Ë°√ÿß°“√“®’ ¡’°“√√à“ߢâÕ∫—ߧ—∫∑’Ë¢—¥
·¬âß°—π Û ©∫—∫ ∑√ßπ‘Ëßøíß·≈–‰¡à∑√ß
Õ¿‘ª√“¬·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥. „π«—π ÿ¥∑⓬¢Õß
°“√ª√–™ÿ¡∑√ß√à“ߢâÕ¡µ‘∑ÕË’ ¬Ÿ°à ßË÷ °≈“ß
√–À«à“ߢâÕ¡µ‘∑’Ë¢—¥·¬âß∑—Èß Û ©∫—∫
‡ πÕµàÕ∑’˪√–™ÿ¡. ∑’Ë ÿ¥∑’˪√–™ÿ¡‰¥â
¬Õ¡√— ∫ √à “ ß¡µ‘ ¢ ÕßΩÉ “ ¬ºŸâ · ∑π‰∑¬,
∑√߇√’ ¬ °À≈— ° °“√∑’Ë · µà ≈ –ΩÉ “ ¬ºà Õ π
ª√πº≈ª√–‚¬™πå ¢ Õßµπ‚¥¬‰¡à ¬‘Ë ß
À¬àÕπ°—ππ’È ¥â«¬»—æ∑å§≥‘µ»“ µ√å«à“
çÀ.√.¡. À√◊ Õ À“√√à « ¡¡“°∑“ß°“√
‡¡◊Õßé. ‡æ√“–‡Àµÿπ’È∑ÿ°√—∞∫“≈„π¬ÿ§
 ¡—¬¢Õßæ√–Õß§å ®÷ßµâÕßæ÷Ëßæ“æ√–
ª√’™“ “¡“√∂¢Õßæ√–Õߧå∑à“π„π‡«∑’
°“√‡¡◊Õß√–¥—∫‚≈°, ∑√߉¥â√—∫‡°’¬√µ‘
Õ¬à “ ߬‘Ë ß „À≠à ‚ ¥¬‰¥â √— ∫ ‡≈◊ Õ °®“°∑’Ë
ª√–™ÿ ¡  ¡— ™ ™“ Àª√–™“™“µ‘ ¥â « ¬
§–·ππ‡Õ°©—π∑å„Àâ∑√ߥ”√ßµ”·Àπàß
ª√–∏“π ¡—™™“„π ¡—¬ª√–™ÿ¡§√—Èß∑’Ë
ÒÒ (√–À«à“ß æ.». ÚÙ˘˘-Úı)
¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë„π°“√ √â“ß —𵑵àÕ™“«‚≈°,
·≈–„π™à«ßªØ‘∫—µ‘Àπâ“∑’ˉ¥â∑√ß·°â‰¢
ªí≠À“√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë ”§—≠∂÷ß Ú
§√—Èß §◊Õ ‡¡◊ËÕª√–‡∑»√— ‡´’¬¬°∑—æ
≈à«ß≈È”‡¢â“‰ª„πª√–‡∑»Œ—ß°“√’ ·≈–
Õ’ ° §√—È ß ‡¡◊Ë Õ Õ— ß °ƒ… Ω√—Ë ß ‡»  ·≈–
Õ‘   √“‡Õ≈ ¬°æ≈‡¢â “ µ’ Õ’ ¬‘ ª µå ´÷Ë ß °Á
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
∑√ß “¡“√∂√–ß—∫‰¡à„À⇰‘¥ ß§√“¡
¢÷πÈ ‰¥â
æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘§ÿ≥
∑à“π∑’ˇ§“√æ æ√–°√≥’¬°‘®·≈–
º≈ß“π¢Õß çæ√–Õߧå«√√≥œé À“°
®–ª√–¡«≈·≈â«°Á§ß®–‡ªìπÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡
„À≠àÀ≈“¬‡≈à¡. ®“°æ√–ª√–«—µ‘°“√
√—∫√“™°“√¢Õßæ√–Õߧå À≈—ß ”‡√Á®
°“√»÷°…“®“°ª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¡◊ËÕ
æ.». ÚÙˆ ∑√ߥ”√ßµ”·Àπàߪ≈—¥
∑Ÿ≈©≈Õß°√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑».
Õߧ¡πµ√’ „ πæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–
¡ß°ÿƇ°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«, ‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ
ª√–®”ª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡π‡∏Õ√å·≈π¥å
·≈–‡∫≈‡¬’¬¡, √—∞¡πµ√’«“à °“√°√–∑√«ß
°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑», »“ µ√“®“√¬å Õπ
¿“…“Õ— ß °ƒ…·≈–¿“…“‰∑¬ §≥–
Õ—°…√»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬,
»“ µ√“®“√¬å   Õπ«‘ ™ “°ÆÀ¡“¬
√–À«à “ ߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë ¡ À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬
∏√√¡»“ µ√å, Õ∏‘°“√∫¥’¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
∏√√¡»“ µ√å, ª√–∏“π°√√¡°“√√à“ß
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ ·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ Õ’°¡“°¡“¬∑—Èß
¥â “ π«‘ ™ “°“√·≈–¥â “ π — ß §¡. æ√–
‡°’ ¬ √µ‘ §ÿ ≥ ‡ªì π ∑’Ë ª √–®— ° …å „ π√–¥— ∫
π“π“™“µ‘ ∑√߉¥â√—∫°“√¬°¬àÕ߇ªìπ
¥ÿ … Æ’ ∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬®“°¡À“
«‘∑¬“≈—¬ÕÕ°´åøÕ√å¥ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
‚§≈— ¡ ‡∫’ ¬ ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ π‘ « ¬Õ√å °
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·ø√å‡≈¥‘°°‘π —π, ·≈–
¥â«¬∑√ßæ√–°√≥’¬°‘®Õ‡π°Õπ—πµå∑’Ë
°à Õ ª√–‚¬™πå „ Àâ · °à ª √–‡∑»™“µ‘ · ≈–
™“«‚≈° ®÷ß∑√߉¥â√—∫‡§√◊ËÕß√“™Õ‘ √‘-
¬“¿√≥åµà“ߪ√–‡∑»∂÷ß Ò˜ ª√–‡∑»,
·≈–„π‚Õ°“ «—π§≈⓬«—πª√– Ÿµ‘§√∫
Ò ªï Õߧ尓√»÷°…“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
·≈–«— ≤ π∏√√¡·Àà ß  Àª√–™“™“µ‘
(UNESCO) ‰¥â ª √–°“»¬°¬à Õ ß
æ√–Õߧå∑“à π æ≈µ√’ æ√–‡®â“«√«ß»å‡∏Õ
°√¡À¡◊Ëππ√“∏‘ªæß»åª√–æ—π∏å ‡ªìπ
窟™π’¬∫ÿ§§≈ ”§—≠ºŸâ¡’º≈ß“π¥’‡¥àπ
∑“ß«—≤π∏√√¡√–¥—∫‚≈° ª√–®”ªï æ.».
ÚıÛÙé.
„π∞“π–∑’˺Ÿâ∫√√¬“¬¡“√—∫Àπâ“∑’Ë
𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ·≈–„π«“√–
‚Õ°“ «—π§≈⓬«—πª√– Ÿµ§‘ √∫ ÒÒ ªï
√–À«à “ ß æ.». ÚıÙÙ-ÚıÙı π’È
ºŸâ ∫ √√¬“¬®÷ ß ¡’ § «“¡¬‘ π ¥’ Õ ¬à “ ߬‘Ë ß ∑’Ë
‰¥â ®— ¥  — ¡ ¡π“π’È ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ‡∑‘ ¥ æ√–‡°’ ¬ √µ‘
æ√–Õߧå∑à“πºŸâ∑√߇ªìπ 祫ߪ√–∑’ª
·Ààß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“πé.
¡‘„™à‡æ’¬ß·µàæ√–Õߧ凪ìπ𓬰
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ√–Õߧå·√°‡∑à“π—πÈ
·µà ‡ æ√“–∑√߉¥â « “ß∞“π√“°¢Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‰«âÕ¬à“ß¡—Ëπ§ßπ—∫
·µà·√°µ—Èß. ·¡â«à“Àπ૬ߓππ’È®–‡ªìπ
 à«π√“™°“√∑’Ë¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°ß∫ª√–¡“≥
®”°—¥ ·µàß“π∑’Ë ◊∫ “π®“°Õ¥’µ∂÷ß
ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ—Èπ π—∫«à“‡ªìπª√–‚¬™π嬑ËßµàÕ
ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘‰¡à¬‘ËßÀ¬àÕπ‰ª°«à“Àπ૬
ß“π„À≠àÊ Õ◊ËπÊ. º≈ß“π∑’Ë∑√ß®ÿ¥
ª√–∑’ª‰«â·°à√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π∑—π∑’
∑’Ë ∑ √ß√— ∫ µ”·Àπà ß §◊ Õ ç°“√®— ¥ ∑”
æ®π“πÿ°√¡é µàե⫬ çß“π∫—≠≠—µ‘
»—æ∑å¿“…“‰∑¬é „π “¢“«‘™“µà“ß Ê
‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ¡’ §”‰∑¬„™â µ Õ∫ πÕߧ«“¡
‡®√‘≠°â“«Àπâ“¢Õß«‘™“°“√∑’ˉ∑¬µâÕß
‡ªî¥√—∫‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“ª√–‡∑».
¡.√.«. «‘«√√≥ («√«√√≥) ‡»√…∞-
∫ÿµ√ ∏‘¥“ºŸâ πÕßæ√–§ÿ≥„°≈♑¥‰¥â
‡¢’ ¬ π∂÷ ß ™’ «‘ µ  à « πæ√–Õß§å ¢ Õß∑à “ π
ı˘¯
(æ≈µ√’ æ√–‡®â“«√«ß»å‡∏Õ °√¡À¡◊Ëππ√“∏‘ªæß»åª√–æ—π∏å)
„π‚Õ°“ ∑’˧√Õ∫§√—«‰¥âæ√âÕ¡„®°—π
 ≈–Àπ—ß ◊Õ·≈– ‘Ëßæ‘¡æåÕ—π‡ªìπ∑’Ë√—°
¢Õßæ√–Õߧå∑à“𠇪ìπ«‘∑¬“∑“π‡æ◊ËÕ
°àÕµ—È߇ªìπ 统π¬åπ√“∏‘ª-‡æ◊ËÕ°“√«‘®—¬
∑“ß —ߧ¡»“ µ√åé ¡’æ‘∏’‡ªî¥‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë
Ò µÿ≈“§¡ æ.». ÚıÚÚ ´÷Ëß®–¢Õ
Õπÿ≠“µ¬°§«“¡∫“ßµÕπ¡“°≈à“«‰«â
≥ ∑’Ëπ’È«à“
∑à“πæàÕ
ç∂«“¬§«“¡®ß√—°¿—°¥’·≈–
‡∑‘¥∑Ÿπæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“
Õ¬Ÿà À— «  ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–π“߇®â “ œ
æ√–∫√¡√“™‘ππ’ “∂ æ√–√“™‚Õ√ 
·≈–æ√–√“™∏‘ ¥ “∑ÿ ° æ√–Õߧå
·≈– πÕßæ√–∫√¡√“™‚Õß°“√
∑ÿ°§√—Èß∑’Ë¡’‚Õ°“ ¥â«¬§«“¡ª≈◊È¡
ªï µ‘ · ≈–„™â æ √–ª√’ ™ “ “¡“√∂
Õ¬à“߇µÁ¡∑’éË
ç∑√߇ªìπæÿ∑∏¡“¡°– ¡’
§«“¡‡≈◊ËÕ¡„ „πæ√–∫«√æÿ∑∏-
»“ π“ ·≈–¬÷ ¥ ¡—Ë π Õ¬Ÿà „ πÀ≈— °
∏√√¡¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“µ≈Õ¥¡“
∑√ß∫”‡æÁ ≠ °ÿ » ≈π“π— ª °“√
µ≈Õ¥æ√–™π¡å ™’ æ ∑√߇ªì π
ª√–∏“π √â“ß«—¥æÿ∑∏ª√–∑’ª ∑’Ë
°√ÿß≈Õπ¥Õπ µ≈Õ¥®π∫”‡æÁ≠
°ÿ»≈Õ◊Ëπ Õ’°À≈“¬ ∂“∫—πé
ç∑√ß„™â™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà∑à“¡°≈“ß
Àπ—ß ◊Õµ”√—∫µ”√“‚¥¬µ≈Õ¥...
 ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë π”§«“¡ ÿ ¢ ·≈–‡ªì π  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë
‚ª√¥ª√“π∑’Ë ÿ¥„πæ√–™π¡å™’æ
¢Õß∑à “ πæà Õ π—È π §◊ Õ °“√∑√ß
Õ— ° …√ ...°“√∑√ßÕ— ° …√µ”√— ∫
µ”√“ §◊ Õ ∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà Õ— π ·∑â ® √‘ ß ¢Õß
æ√–∑—¬∑à“πµ≈Õ¥¡“...é.
ª“∞°∂“‡∑‘¥æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘‡ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ

ªí®©‘¡æ“°¬å
æ√–π“¡ ç«√√≥‰«∑¬“°√é ´÷Ëß
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®ÿ≈®Õ¡‡°≈Ⓡ®â“
Õ¬Ÿà À— « ∑√ßæ√–°√ÿ ≥ “æ√–√“™∑“π
·≈–∑√ß·ª≈«à “ ç∫à Õ ‡°‘ ¥ ·Àà ß «‘ ™ “
Àπ—ß ◊Õé π—Èπ‰¥âµ‘¥µ√÷ßÕ¬Ÿà„πæ√–∑—¬
‡ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ ·≈–‰¥â‡ªìπ·√ß∫—π¥“≈
„®„Àâ æ √–Õߧå Õÿ ∑‘ » æ√–™π¡å ™’ æ ‡æ◊Ë Õ
«‘ ™ “Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ¡“‚¥¬µ≈Õ¥ ¥— ß ∑’Ë ∑ √ß
ª√“√¿«à “ 燪ì π π“¡°√´÷Ë ß ¬“°∑’Ë
¢â“懮⓮–ªØ‘∫µ— „‘ Àâ ¡·°àæ√ ´÷ßË ‚ª√¥
‡°≈â“œ æ√–√“™∑“ππ—Èπ... ¢â“懮Ⓣ¥â
µ—È ß Àπâ “ Õÿ µ  à “ Àå æ ¬“¬“¡§â π §«â “ À“
«‘™“„ àµπµ—Èß·µà∫—¥π—Èπ‡ªìπµâπ ◊∫¡“
‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√ πÕßæ√ ´÷Ëß‚ª√¥‡°≈â“œ
ª√– “∑æ√–√“™∑“ππ—Èπ ¥â«¬§«“¡
Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«–
 ”π÷ ° „πæ√–¡À“°√ÿ ≥ “∏‘ §ÿ ≥ Õ¬Ÿà ∑ÿ °
‡¡◊ÕË ¡‘‰¥â¢“¥...é.
§π√ÿπà ªí®®ÿ∫π— ·≈–√ÿπà ≈Ÿ°√ÿπà À≈“π
µàÕÊ ‰ª §ßµâÕß∑∫∑«π·≈–∂“¡µ—«
‡Õß«à“ ‡√“„π∞“π–§π‰∑¬‰¥âµ√–Àπ—°
∂÷ߧ«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß¿“…“‰∑¬ Õ—π‡ªìπ
¿“…“ª√–®”™“µ‘ ·≈–‡ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å
«—≤π∏√√¡¢Õ߇√“‡æ’¬ß„¥, À√◊Õ‰¥â∑”
 ‘Ë ß „¥∑’Ë ‡ ªì π °“√ ◊ ∫  “π·≈–√— ° …“
¡√¥°Õ—π∑√ߧÿ≥§à“¬‘ßË π’¢È Õß™“µ‘‰«â∫“â ß
Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ ∑√߇µ◊Õπ„Àâ‡√“
‰¥â ”π÷°√—°¿“…“‰∑¬Õ—πߥߓ¡¢Õ߇√“
„Àâ ç√—°‚¥¬™Õ∫ √—°‚¥¬„™â ·≈–√—°
‚¥¬™Ÿé.
„ππ“¡¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
º¡¢Õ¬◊π¬—π¥â«¬§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ«à“ ∑ÿ°
ı˘˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
§π∑’ˉ¥â¡“√à«¡øíß°“√Õ¿‘ª√“¬„π«—ππ’È
æ√âÕ¡·≈–®–√à«¡¡◊Õ√à«¡„®°—π ◊∫∑Õ¥
¥â«¬°“√∫”√ÿß√—°…“‰¡à„Àâ¿“…“‰∑¬
‡ ’¬§ÿ≥≈—°…≥– ”§—≠À√◊Õ‡ ◊ÕË ¡ Ÿ≠‰ª
¥â«¬Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß¿“…“µà“ß™“µ‘ À√◊Õ
¥â«¬§«“¡‰¡à‡Õ“„®„ à∑®Ë’ –„™â„Àâ∂°Ÿ µâÕß
‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡ªì π °“√‡∑‘ ¥ æ√–‡°’ ¬ √µ‘ §ÿ ≥
çæ√–Õß§å « √√≥-∫à Õ ‡°‘ ¥ ·Àà ß «‘ ™ “
Àπ—ß ◊Õé µ≈Õ¥‰ª.
º¡¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥∑ÿ°∑à“π≈à«ßÀπâ“
„𧫓¡√à « ¡¡◊ Õ ∑’Ë ® –ª√– “π°”≈— ß
‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“¿“…“‰∑¬ ·≈–À«—ß«à“°“√
 —¡¡π“π’®È – ”‡√Á®º≈µ“¡«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å
∑ÿ°ª√–°“√.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
∂—°∑Õ “¬„¬·Ààߧ«“¡√—°
§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π§√Õ∫§√—« ‡ ¡◊Õπ
 √â“ß°”·æߪÑÕß°—𬓇 æµ‘¥
§” ”§—≠ : §«“¡√—°§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π§√Õ∫§√—«, ¬“‡ æµ‘¥
¿— ¬ ¬“‡ æµ‘ ¥ µâÕ߬ա√—∫«à“
ªí≠À“¬“‡ æµ‘¥‡ªìπ¿—¬Õ—πµ√“¬„À≠à
À≈«ß∑’Ë °”≈— ß §ÿ ° §“¡ — ß §¡‰∑¬Õ¬àŸ
ªí®®ÿ∫—𠇪ìπªí≠À“„À≠à∑’Ë¡’º≈°√–∑∫
µàÕ∫ÿ§§≈ µàÕ§√Õ∫§√—« µàÕ™ÿ¡™π µàÕ
 — ß §¡ Õ’ ° ∑—È ß ¬— ß ‡ªì π ªí ≠ À“√–¥— ∫
ª√–‡∑»·≈–√–¥—∫‚≈°¥â«¬. √—∞∫“≈
‰¥â„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠µàÕªí≠À“¬“‡ æµ‘¥
∂÷ß°—∫√–∫ÿ‡ªìππ‚¬∫“¬‡√àߥà«π ‡ÀÁπ
‰¥â ® “°§”·∂≈ßπ‚¬∫“¬¢Õߧ≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’∑’Ë𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’‰¥â·∂≈ßµàÕ
√—∞ ¿“„π«—π®—π∑√å∑’Ë Úˆ °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å
æ.». ÚıÙÙ ‰«âµÕπÀπ÷Ëߧ«“¡«à“....
ç√—∞∫“≈®–‡√àß√—¥¥”‡π‘π°“√‡æ◊ËÕ°“√
ªÑÕß°—π·≈–ª√“∫ª√“¡¬“‡ æµ‘¥¿“¬
„µâπ‚¬∫“¬√–¬–‡√àߥà«π ‚¥¬À≈—°°“√
ªÑÕß°—ππ”Àπâ“°“√ª√“∫ª√“¡...é.
∂◊Õ‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ°“√ 燰“µ√ß®ÿ¥∑’Ë
§—πé §◊Õ„™â¡“µ√°“√ªÑÕß°—π‰«â¥’°«à“
∑’Ë®–¡“π—Ëß·°â‰¢°—π¿“¬À≈—ßÀ√◊Õ ç«—«
À“¬·≈â«≈âÕ¡§Õ°é Õ—π‡ªìπ°“√·°â
‡Õ°≈—°…≥å∑“ß≈∫Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß„π —ߧ¡
‰∑¬. °≈àÿ ¡ ‡ªÑ “ À¡“¬∑’Ë πà “ Àà « ß„¬
 ”À√—∫°“√µ‘¥¬“‡ æµ‘¥π—Èπ à«π„À≠à
®–‡ªìπ°≈àÿ¡‡¬“«™π´÷ËßÕ¬àŸ„π™à«ß«—¬√àÿπ
√–¬–µâπ (Õ“¬ÿª√–¡“≥ ÒÛ-Òı ªï)
§“∫‡°’ˬ«∂÷ß«—¬√àÿπ√–¬–°≈“ß (Õ“¬ÿ
ª√–¡“≥ Òˆ-Ò˘ ªï) ‡ªìπ«—¬∑’ˇ¥Á°¬—ß
µâÕß°“√§«“¡√—° §«“¡Õ∫Õàÿπ µâÕß
°“√§«“¡„°≈♑¥ ·≈–§«“¡‡¢â“„®®“°
æàÕ·¡à‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“°. ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ√“–„π
™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ¥—ß°≈à“« ªí≠À“µ“¡«—¬∑’ˇ¥Á°
„π«— ¬ π’È µâ Õ ß‡º™‘ ≠ §◊ Õ ªí ≠ À“°“√
‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß∑“ߥâ“π√à“ß°“¬·≈–®‘µ„®
Õ¬à “ ß√«¥‡√Á « ‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡µ√’ ¬ ¡‡¢â “  àŸ «— ¬ √àÿ π
√–¬–°≈“ß ´÷ßË ∂◊Õ‡ªìπ«—¬À—«‡≈’¬È «À—«µàÕ
∑’Ë ”§—≠«—¬Àπ÷Ëß„π™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬å, ‡ªìπ«—¬
∑’ˇæ◊ËÕπ‡¢â“¡“¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß, ·≈–
™Õ∫°“√∑¥≈Õß. Õ“√¡≥å¢Õ߇¥Á°®–
·ª√ª√«πÕ¬àŸµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ πâÕ¬„®ßà“¬
‡ ’¬„®ßà“¬ ‚°√∏ßà“¬À“¬‡√Á« ‡ªìπ«—¬
擬ÿ ∫ÿ · §¡µâ Õ ß°“√§«“¡√— ° §«“¡
ˆ
∫∑
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
‚ ¿“ (™Ÿæ‘°ÿ≈™—¬) ™ªï≈¡—ππå
√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
‡¢â“„®®“°æàÕ·¡à µâÕß°“√§”ª√÷°…“
®“°æàÕ·¡à. À“°æàÕ·¡à‰¡à¡’‡«≈“„°≈â
™‘ ¥ ≈Ÿ ° ‡¢â “ „®§«“¡µâ Õ ß°“√¢Õß≈Ÿ °
·≈–À√◊Õ‰¡à “¡“√∂‡ªìπ∑’˪√÷°…“„Àâ
°—∫≈Ÿ°¬“¡≈Ÿ°¡’ªí≠À“ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ
ªí≠À“¥â“π°“√‡√’¬π ªí≠À“ à«πµ—«
ªí≠À“¥â“𮑵„®·≈–Õ“√¡≥å·≈â«, ‡¥Á°
®–À“∑“ßÕÕ°¥â«¬°“√ª√÷°…“‡æ◊ËÕπ,
‡≈’¬π·∫∫∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˇ¥Á°™◊Ëπ™Õ∫ ∫ÿ§§≈
∑’ˇ¥Á°„°≈♑¥´÷Ë߇ªìπ„§√°Á‰¥â. ∑—Èßπ’È
‡æ√“–‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡¥Á ° µâ Õ ß‡º™‘ ≠ °— ∫ ªí ≠ À“
·≈–‰¡à¡’„§√™à«¬ºàÕπ§≈“¬ ‰¡à¡’„§√
‡¢â“„® ª√÷°…“°—∫„§√‰¡à‰¥â, ‡¥Á°®–
‡°‘¥§«“¡√⟠÷°‡§√’¬¥ «â“«âÿπ„𮑵„®
Õ÷¥Õ—¥ °≈âÿ¡„® πâÕ¬„®. ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’‡æ◊ËÕπ
À√◊Õ¡’„§√°Áµ“¡¡“„À⧔·π–π”‡æ◊ËÕ
„ÀâºàÕπ§≈“¬®“°§«“¡‡§√’¬¥ À√◊Õ
§«“¡«‘µ°°—ß«≈∑’ˇ¥Á°°”≈—߇º™‘≠Õ¬àŸ
‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ°“√·π–π”™—°™«π „Àâ
≈Õß„™â “√‡ æµ‘¥ ‡æ◊ÕË §≈“¬§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å
≈◊¡∑ÿ°¢å À√◊Õ‡æ◊ËÕÀ≈’°Àπ’®“°§«“¡√âŸ
 ÷°‡§√’¬¥¥—ß°≈à“«, °“√™—°™«π ®÷ß
‡ªì π µ— « °√–µâÿ π Õ¬à “ ß·√ß∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ ‡ ¥Á °
‡°‘¥§«“¡Õ¬“°∑’Ë®–∑¥≈Õß ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪
 àŸ§«“¡√⟠÷°§«“¡‡æ≈‘¥‡æ≈‘π ·≈–°“√
∂—°∑Õ “¬„¬·Ààߧ«“¡√—°§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π§√Õ∫§√—«
‡ ¡◊Õπ √â“ß°”·æߪÑÕß°—𬓇 æµ‘¥

≈◊¡§«“¡∑ÿ°¢åπ—ÈπÊ. ©–π—Èπ§√Õ∫§√—«
®÷߇ªìπÀπ૬ ”§—≠Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß∑’Ë®–™à«¬
≈¥·≈–À√◊ՙ૬ªÑÕß°—π„À⇥Á°Àà“߉°≈
®“°°“√µ‘¥¬“‡ æµ‘¥ À“°§√Õ∫§√—«
„À⧫“¡√—°§«“¡‡¢â“„® „À⧫“¡Õ∫Õàπÿ
„Àâ°“√Õ∫√¡‡≈’ȬߥŸÕ¬à“ß„°≈♑¥ „Àâ
°√–∫«π°“√‡√’¬π∑“ß —ߧ¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫æ◊Èπ∞“π ”À√—∫¥”√ß™’«‘µ
∑’˪√“»®“°°“√æ÷Ëßæ“ “√‡ æµ‘¥ Õ—π
䴉ᡈ
Ò. ‡ªìπµ—«¢Õßµ—«‡Õß ¡’§«“¡‡™◊ÕË
¡—πË „πµ—«‡Õß.
Ú. √âŸÕ–‰√§«√ Õ–‰√‰¡à§«√ √⟺‘¥
™Õ∫™—Ë«¥’.
Û. ¡’§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫µàÕµπ‡Õß
·≈–µàÕ¿“√°‘®∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¡Õ∫À¡“¬.
Ù. ¡’ § «“¡√⟠ ÷ ° ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ∫«°µà Õ
µπ‡Õß·≈–µàÕºâŸÕ◊Ëπ.
ı. ¡’¡πÿ…¬ —¡æ—π∏å∑¥Ë’ .’
ˆ. ¡’§«“¡§‘¥√‘‡√‘Ë¡  √â“ß √√§å.
˜. ‰¡à¬¥÷ ¡—πË ∂◊Õ¡—πË ºàÕπª√π‡ªìπ
 “¡“√∂∑’Ë®–ª√—∫µπ‡Õß„À⇢⓰—∫ ‘Ëß
·«¥≈âÕ¡‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’.
¯. ¬Õ¡√— ∫ µπ‡Õß ¬Õ¡√— ∫ ¢â Õ
∫°æ√àÕߢÕßµπ‡Õß... „π‡«≈“‡¥’¬«°—π
§√Õ∫§√—«®–‡ªìπµ—«º≈—°¥—π𔇥Á° àŸ
°“√°√–∑”§«“¡º‘¥  àŸ°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®∑’Ë
º‘¥·≈–µ‘¥ “√‡ æµ‘¥ À“°§√Õ∫§√—«
¢“¥°“√„À⧫“¡√—° §«“¡Õ∫Õàπÿ §«“¡
‚ ¿“ (™Ÿæ‘°ÿ≈™—¬) ™ªï≈¡—ππå
‡¢â“„®·°à‡¥Á° ¢“¥‡«≈“∑’Ë®–„Àâ°—∫‡¥Á°
¢“¥§«“¡„°≈â ™‘ ¥ ¢“¥°“√„Àâ ° “√
Õ∫√¡‡≈’ȬߥŸ ¢“¥°“√„Àâ°√–∫«π°“√
‡√’¬π∑“ß —ߧ¡Õ—π‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ ç¿Ÿ¡‘
µâ“π∑“π∑“ß —ߧ¡é ∑’Ë®–ªÑÕß°—π„Àâ
‡¥Á°Àà“߉°≈®“°°“√°√–∑”§«“¡º‘¥
À√◊Õµ‘¥ “√‡ æµ‘¥é.
‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ ¡“µ√°“√ªÑÕß°—π
°“√µ‘¥ “√‡ æµ‘¥Õ—π‡ªìππ‚¬∫“¬‡√àß
¥à«π¢Õß√—∞¡“µ√°“√Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë√—∞§«√„Àâ
§«“¡ ”§—≠§◊Õ √—∞®–µâÕß„Àâ°“√ àß
‡ √‘¡ π—∫ πÿπ ∂“∫—π§√Õ∫§√—« ´÷Ëß
‡ªì π  ∂“∫— π À≈— ° ∑’Ë  ”§— ≠ ¬‘Ë ß  ∂“∫— π
Àπ÷ËߢÕß —ߧ¡‰∑¬Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß·≈–µàÕ
‡π◊ËÕß, ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ ∂“∫—π§√Õ∫§√—«‰¥â
¥”‡π‘π∫∑∫“∑·≈–Àπâ“∑’ÀË ≈—°∑’ Ë ”§—≠
„π°“√ √â“ß∑√—欓°√¡πÿ…¬å∑’Ë®–¡“
‡ªìπ°”≈—ß∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß —ߧ¡·≈–¢Õß
ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘µ“¡∫∑∫“∑·≈–Àπâ“∑’Ë
À≈—°¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√—« Õ—π‰¥â·°à
Ò. ‡ªìπ·À≈àß √â“ß √√§å ¡“™‘°
„À¡à¢Õß —ߧ¡ „À⇵‘∫‚µ¢÷Èπ¡“‡ªìπ
ç§πé ∑’¡Ë §’ ≥
ÿ ¿“æ¢Õß —ߧ¡„πÕ𓧵.
Ú. „Àâ § «“¡√— ° §«“¡Õ∫Õàÿ π ·°à
 ¡“™‘°„π§√Õ∫§√—«.
Û. „Àâ ° √–∫«π°“√‡√’ ¬ π√⟠∑ “ß
 —ߧ¡ ∑“ߥâ“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡
§à“π‘¬¡ ª√–‡æ≥’ «—≤π∏√√¡µ≈Õ¥∂÷ß
√–‡∫’¬∫¢Õß —ߧ¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ ¡“™‘°„À¡à
ˆÒ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
„π§√Õ∫§√—«‡µ‘∫‚µ¢÷Èπ¡“‡ªìπ°”≈—ß∑’Ë
 ”§—≠¢Õß —ߧ¡„πÕ𓧵.
Ù.  à߇ √‘¡§«“¡‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ∑—Èß
∑“ߥâ“π√à“ß°“¬  µ‘ª≠ í ≠“ ®‘µ„® ·≈–
¥â“πÕ“√¡≥å.
ı. À ≈à Õ À ≈ Õ ¡ · ≈ – ª ≈Ÿ ° Ωí ß
≈— ° …≥–π‘  — ¬ ∑’Ë ¥’ ß “¡„Àâ ≈Ÿ ° ‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ
 “¡“√∂¥”√ßÕ¬à„Ÿ π —ߧ¡‰¥â¥«â ¬¥’.
ˆ.  à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ §«“¡‡ªì π ªñ ° ·ºà π
¡—Ë π §ß¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√— « ∑—È ß ∑“ߥ⠓ π
‡»√…∞°‘® —ߧ¡ ·≈–§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—π
„π√–À«à“ß≠“µ‘¡‘µ√.
˜. °”Àπ¥∫∑∫“∑·≈–Àπâ“∑’Ë„Àâ
°—∫ ¡“™‘°„À¡à¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√—« „À≥â√âŸ
®—°·≈–ªØ‘∫µ— µ‘ “¡∫∑∫“∑∑’§Ë «√®–‡ªìπ.
‡¡◊ËÕ§√Õ∫§√—«‰¥â¥”‡π‘π∫∑∫“∑
À≈— ° Õ¬à “ ß·∑â ® √‘ ß „π°“√ √â “ ß∑√— æ -
¬“°√¡πÿ…¬å∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ À≈àÕÀ≈Õ¡
‡¥Á°„À⇵‘∫‚µ¢÷Èπ¡“‡ªìπ‡¥Á°¥’ ¡’§«“¡
‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„πµ—«‡Õß√⟺‘¥™Õ∫™—Ë«¥’ ¡’§«“¡
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫µàÕµπ‡Õß·≈–µàÕ¿“√°‘®∑’Ë
‰¥â√—∫¡Õ∫À¡“¬ ¡’¡πÿ…¬ —¡æ—π∏å∑’Ë¥’
¡’§«“¡§‘¥√‘‡√‘Ë¡ √â“ß √√§å ª√—∫µ—«„Àâ
‡¢â “ °— ∫  ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡‰¥â ‡ ªì π Õ¬à “ ߥ’ ,
·πàπÕπ∑’Ë ÿ¥ªí≠À“¬“‡ æµ‘¥´÷Ë߇ªìπ
Àπ÷Ëß„π«‘°ƒµ —ߧ¡∑’Ëπà“Àà«ß„¬Õ¬à“ß
¬‘Ë ß „π — ß §¡‰∑¬ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ®–≈¥≈߉¥â
Õ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
‡√◊Õπ‡§√◊ËÕß —∫
§” ”§—≠ : ‡√◊Õπ‡§√◊ËÕß —∫, ‡√◊Õπ∂“«√, ‡√◊Õπ‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥ÿ,
‡√◊ÕπΩ“°√–¥“π
‡√◊Õπ‡§√◊ËÕß —∫ À√◊Õ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“
‡√◊Õπ∂“«√ À√◊Õ‡√◊Õπ‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥ÿ π—Èπ
‚¥¬π‘¬“¡¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π 燪ìπ
‡√◊Õπ∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–§ÿ¡‡¢â“¥â«¬°—π¥â«¬
«‘∏’‡¢â“ª“°‰¡â, §àŸ°—∫‡√◊Õπ‡§√◊ËÕߺŸ°,
‡√◊ÕπΩ“°√–¥“π °Á‡√’¬°é#. ‡√◊Õπ
ª√–‡¿∑π’È · µà ‡ ¥‘ ¡ ‡ªì π ‡√◊ Õ π¢Õߢ⠓ -
√“™∫√‘æ“√ µ≈Õ¥®πºâŸ¡’∫√√¥“»—°¥‘Ï
∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ µ—Èß·µà¢â“√“™°“√√–¥—∫ Ÿß
‡®â “ 𓬠‰ª®π∂÷ ß °…— µ √‘ ¬å ‡ ∑à “ π—È π .
√“…Æ√‡æ‘Ëß®– √â“߇√◊Õπ‰¡â®√‘ß ”À√—∫
Õ¬àŸÕ“»—¬‰¥â °Á‡¡◊ËÕª≈“¬ ¡—¬°√ÿß»√’-
Õ¬ÿ∏¬“π’ȇÕß, µàÕ‡¡◊ËÕ‡®â“¢Õß¡’∞“π–¥’
¢÷Èπ À√◊Õ¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë°“√ß“π¡—Ëπ§ß·≈–
§√Õ∫§√—«¢¬“¬‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ.
‡√◊Õπ‡§√◊ÕË ß —∫ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ à«π
À≈—°Ê Û  à«π ‰¥â·°à ‡¥’ˬ«≈à“ß ‡¥’ˬ«
#
æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÚı. æ‘¡æå§√—ßÈ ∑’Ë ı. °∑¡.: ∫√‘…∑— Õ—°…√‡®√‘≠∑—»πå Õ®∑.
®”°—¥; ÚıÛ¯, Àπâ“ ˜Ò.
∫π ·≈– à«πÀ≈—ߧ“. Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¡’
√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È:-
Ò. ∞“π√“° ∞“π√“°¢Õ߇√◊Õπ
‡§√◊ËÕß —∫¡’°“√ √â“߉¥â Ú «‘∏’ §◊Õ
- „™â‡ªìπß—« §◊Õ ¡’‰¡â Û À√◊Õ
Ù ∑àÕπ«“߇√’¬ß´âÕπ°—π·≈–µ—È߇ “∫π
π—Èπ.
- „™â·√– §◊Õ µ—¥·ºàπ‰¡â‡ªìπ
 ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡∫â“ß °≈¡∫â“ß √Õß≈߉ª„π
°âπÀ≈ÿ¡.
∞“π√“°®–√—∫πÈ”Àπ—°¢Õ߇ “
‡ “®–Õ¬Ÿà∫π·√–  à«π∑’ˇªìπ∞“π√“°
‡ªì π ß— « ®–µâ Õ ß¡’ ‰ ¡â ° ßæ— ¥ «“ß≈߉ª.
®– — ß ‡°µ‡ÀÁ π «à “ °“√ √â “ ߇√◊ Õ ππ—È π
 à«π¢ÕßπÕ°™“π°—∫µ—«‡√◊Õπ®–·¬°
°—π‡π◊ËÕß®“°µâÕß√—∫πÈ”Àπ—°ºπ—ß·≈–
 à«πÀ≈—ߧ“ √«¡∑—Èß°√–‡∫◊ÈÕß ®÷ßµâÕß
ˆÚ
¿‘≠‚≠  ÿ«√√≥§’√’
¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
√—∫πÈ”Àπ—°¡“°°«à“ à«π™“π.
Ú. ‡ “ ‡ “·µà‡¥‘¡„™â‰¡â‡π◊ÈÕ
·¢Áß ‡™à𠇵Áß √—ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’·°àπÕ¬Ÿà
µ√ß°≈“ß∑”„À⇪ìπª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√∑”
çÀ—«‡∑’¬πé ¥â«¬°“√°≈÷ߪ≈“¬‡ “‰¡â
„Àâ‡À≈◊Õ‡ªìπ·°àπ°≈¡Ê  ”À√—∫ «¡
°—∫¢◊ÕË ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ‰¡âÀπ⓵—¥ ’‡Ë À≈’¬Ë ¡º◊πºâ“
°«â“ß ˆ-¯ π‘È« Àπ“ Ú π‘È«. ™à«ß
µÕπ°≈“߇ “®–∂Ÿ°‡®“–∑–≈ÿ ·≈–¬÷¥
√–À«à “ ߇ “Õ¬Ÿà ¥â « ¬ à « π∑’Ë ‡ √’ ¬ °«à “
ç√Õ¥é ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‰¡â¢π“¥ Úׯ π‘È« ‚¥¬
√Õ¥®–«“ßµ“¡¢«“ߢÕßµ—«‡√◊Õπ ·≈–
‡ªìπµ—«√Õß√—∫æ◊Èπ.
Û. æ◊È π æ◊Èπ·µà‡¥‘¡„™â‰¡âÀπâ“
°«â“ß (ÒÚ-Òˆ π‘È«) Àπ“ª√–¡“≥ Ò
π‘«È §«“¡¬“«æ“¥√–À«à“ß√Õ¥∂÷ß√Õ¥.
‡π◊ËÕß®“°æ◊Èπ‰¡â¡’πÈ”Àπ—°¢Õßµ—«‡Õß
∫“ß∑’Õ“®‡°‘¥°“√·ÕàπÀ√◊Õµ°∑âÕß™â“ß
®÷ß∑”µ—« ç√“é ‰«â°≈“ßæ◊Èπ√–À«à“ß
‡ “∂÷߇ “ ·π«‡¥’¬«°—∫√Õ¥. ·µà√“
®–¬÷¥µ‘¥°—∫ çæ√÷ßé ·≈–æ√÷ß®–«“ß
Õ¬Ÿ∫à π√Õ¥ ´÷ßË æ√÷ß∑”Àπâ“∑’ÀË ≈—° §◊Õ √—¥
√Õ∫‡ “‰¡â‰¡à„À⇠“‡§≈◊ËÕπµ—«·≈–√—∫
πÈ”Àπ—°¢ÕßΩ“ºπ—ß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥¥â«¬. ·µà
∂ⓇªìπÕ“§“√¢π“¥„À≠à°Á®–„™â çµßé
‡√◊Õπ‡§√◊ËÕß —∫

™à«¬ ª√°µ‘®–«“ßÀà“ß°—π‡ªìπ√–¬– ı
‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ ·≈–¡’µ«— çæÿ°é °—∫ 秓πé
√Õß√—∫Õ’°∑’Àπ÷ßË ‡æ◊ÕË „ÀâÀ≈—ߵ߇∑à“°—∫
À≈—ß√Õ¥ ®–‰¥âªæŸ π◊È ‰¥â π‘∑. ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°
«à“ à«πª≈“¬ ÿ¥¢Õ߉¡â¡’√Õ¥√—∫À—«‰¡â
∑—ÈßÀ—«-∑⓬¢ÕßÕ“§“√ ®÷ß¡’‰¡âæ◊ÈπÕ¬Ÿà
Û ®ÿ¥∑’ˉ¡à¡’µ—«√—∫ §◊Õ √‘¡Ω“ºπ—ß∑—Èß Ú
¥â“π ·≈–µ—«°≈“ß∑’‰Ë ª™π°—∫ 燠“¥—ßÈ é.
∫√‘ ‡ «≥¢â “ ß≈à “ ß®–∑”‡ªì π Ωí ° ¡–¢“¡
´÷Ëß°Á§◊Õæÿ°∑’Ë‚§âß√Õ∫‡ “ ‡æ◊ËÕ®–√— ∫
πÈ” Àπ— ° À— « °√–¥“π·≈–¡’ ∑’Ë π—Ë ß ¢Õß
À—«‰¡â°√–¥“π¿“¬„π.
Ù. Ω“ºπ—ß
Ù.Ò √Ÿª·∫∫¢ÕßΩ“ºπ—ß ¡’
Õ¬ŸàÀ≈“¬√Ÿª·∫∫ ‡™àπ
- Ω“°√–¥“π‡√’¬∫ Ω“µ’
µ“¡πÕπ‡√’¬ß°—π¢÷Èπ‰ª.
- Ω“ “¬∫—« Ω“µ’µ“¡µ—ßÈ
·≈⫵’∑—∫¥â«¬‰¡â∑—∫·π«Õ’°∑’Àπ÷Ëß.
- Ω“ª–°π ª√–°Õ∫
¥â«¬≈Ÿ°µ—Èß°—∫≈Ÿ°‡´ß ·≈–Ω“, §«“¡
°«â“߉¡à‡°‘π ˘ π‘«È Àπ“ª√–¡“≥π‘«È §√÷ßË
 à«πµ—«≈Ÿ°øí°®–∫“ß≈߉ª Õ“®„™â‰¡â ˆ
Àÿπ.
- Ω“ª–°π≈Ÿ ° øí ° ∫— «
À≈—߇®’¬¥  ”À√—∫Õ“§“√∑’ˇ®â“¢Õß¡’
∞“π—π¥√ Ÿß¢÷Èπ¡“ À√◊Õ¡’∞“π–¥’¢÷Èπ.
Ω“ª–°π∑”≈Ÿ ° øí ° „À≠à ¢÷È π ·≈â « „™â
‡ªìπ∫—«À≈—߇®’¬¥ ¿“¬À≈—߇√’¬° ç≈Ÿ°
øí°°√–¥“π¥ÿπé.
- Ω“ ”À√«¥ µ—«Ω“µ’
‡ªìπµ“√“ß ¿“¬„π°√ÿ¥â«¬„∫µ“≈ „∫
≈“π.
- Ω“‰À≈ ¡’™àÕ߇ªî¥ªî¥
 “¡“√∂‡≈◊ËÕπ‰¥â §≈⓬°—∫Àπ⓵à“ß
‡ªìπ´’ËÊ, ‡«≈“‡≈◊ËÕπ∫“πÀπ⓵à“ß„Àâ
¿‘≠‚≠  ÿ«√√≥§’√’
·ºàπ‰¡â°√–¥“πµ√ß°—π°Á®–‡ªî¥‡ªìπ
™àÕß.
Ù.Ú ª√–‡¿∑¢ÕßΩ“ºπ— ß
 “¡“√∂·∫à ß ª√–‡¿∑¢Õߺπ— ß µ“¡
°“√„™â Õ¬·≈–µ”·Àπàß∑’Ë„™â‰¥âÕ’° ˘
ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥â·°à
- Ω“Àÿâ¡°≈Õß Õ¬Ÿà¥â“π
 °—¥À—«-∑⓬Փ§“√.
- Ω“ª√–®”Àâ Õ ß Õ¬Ÿà
¿“¬„π¥â“𬓫 ¡’™àÕߪ√–µŸ ”À√—∫
‡¥‘π‡¢â“ÀâÕß.
- Ω“¢π“π Õ¬Ÿà∑“ߥâ“π
¢â“ß∑’Ë¡’™àÕßÀπ⓵à“ߢÕßµ—«‡√◊Õπ.
- Ω“ª√–®— 𠇪ì π Ω“
√–À«à“ßÀâÕß. ∂Ⓡªìπ‡√◊Õπ„À≠à¡’°“√
°—ÈπÀâÕß ∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë°—Èπ®–¡’‡ “¥—Èß≈ß¡“
‡æ◊ËÕ√—∫Ω“ª√–®—π.
- Ω“‡ ’Ȭ« Õ¬Ÿà¥â“π °—¥
·µà®–Õ¬Ÿà™à«ß∑’ˇªìπ√–‡∫’¬ßµàÕ®“°Ω“
Àÿâ¡°≈ÕßÕÕ°¡“.
- Ω“πÕ°™“π Õ¬Ÿ∫à √‘‡«≥
πÕ°™“π, ¡’™àÕß„Àâ≈¡ºà“π‰¥â·≈–¡Õß
‡ÀÁπ∑—»π«‘ —¬‚¥¬√Õ∫‰¥â.
- Ω“‡™’Ë¬π ‡ªìπΩ“‡≈Á°Ê
Õ¬ŸàµàÕ®“°Ω“ª√–®”ÀâÕß  ”À√—∫ÀâÕß
‚∂ß®–¡’Ω“‡™’ˬπÕÕ°¡“¥â“πÀπ÷Ëß. ·µà
‡¥‘¡§ππ‘¬¡°‘πÀ¡“° ™à“ß°Á®–ª√–¡“≥
æ◊Èπ∑’ˉ«â ı ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√  ”À√—∫«“ß
‡™’ˬπÀ¡“°‰¡à„ÀâÀ≈àπ‰¥â.
- Ω“·¡à¡“à ¬ Ω“∑’¡Ë °’ √Õ∫
‡™Á¥Àπâ“‚¥¬√Õ∫·µà‰¡à¡ª’ √–µŸ.
- Ω“¢—¥·µ– „™â‡ªìπΩ“
¢Õß à«π§√—«∑’ˉ¡à¡’™àÕßÀπ⓵à“ß ·µà
®–„™âΩ“¢—¥·µ–π’È‚¥¬√Õ∫‡æ◊Ëՙ૬„π
°“√√–∫“¬Õ“°“».
Ù.Û Õß§å ª √–°Õ∫¢ÕßΩ“
ˆÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
ºπ—ß ¡’ Ù  à«π ´÷ßË ®–ª√–°Õ∫ ”‡√Á®
√Ÿª®“°¢â“ß≈à“ß ·≈â«®÷ßπ”¢÷Èπ‰ªµ‘¥µ—Èß
§◊Õ
- √àÕßµ’π™â“ß ‡ªìπ‡™‘ßΩ“
§≈⓬ Ê °—∫°√Õ∫Ω“∑’ËÕ¬ŸàµÕπ≈à“ß.
- °√Õ∫√— ¥ ‡°≈â “ ‡ªì π
 à«π¢ÕßΩ“§≈â“¬Ê °—∫°√Õ∫Ω“∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà
µÕπ∫π.
- ‡π◊ÕÈ Ω“  à«π∑’‡Ë ªìπæ◊πÈ ∑’Ë
Ω“ ´÷ËßÕ“®‡ªìπΩ“ª–°π Ω“ “¬∫—«
œ≈œ.
- °√Õ∫‡™Á¥Àπâ“ °√Õ∫
Àπ⓵à“ߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ∏√≥’≈à“ß ∏√≥’
∫π ∫“πÀπ⓵à“ß ·≈–À¬àÕßÀπ⓵à“ß.
‡¡◊ËÕπ” à«π∑—Èß Ù  à«π
π’È ¡ “ª√–°Õ∫√«¡°— π ®–‡√’ ¬ °«à “ ‡ªì π
çΩ“Àπ÷Ëß°√–·∫–é.
ı. À≈—ߧ“
ı.Ò Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢ÕßÀ≈—ß
§“ À≈—ߧ“¢Õ߇√◊Õπ‡§√◊ËÕß —∫¡’ Û
 à«π§◊Õ
- À ≈— ß § “ ‡ √◊ Õ π À √◊ Õ
À≈—ߧ“‡Õ° À√◊ÕÀ≈—ߧ“®—Ë«´÷Ë߇ÀÁπ‰¥â
™—¥‡®π®“° —πÕ°‰°à≈ß¡“ ®π¡“ ‘Èπ
 ÿ¥∑’ˇ™‘ß°≈Õπ ∑’ˇµâ“√—∫‡™‘ß°≈Õπ.
- À≈—ߧ“ªï°π° ‡π◊ËÕß
®“°‡™‘ß°≈Õπ¢ÕßÀ≈—ߧ“‡Õ°µË”≈ß¡“
Ûı-Ù ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ ®“°·ªÀ—«‡ “
®÷ßµâÕß¡’À≈—ߧ“ °—¥À—«∑⓬‡√’¬°«à“
À≈—ߧ“ªï°π°.
- À≈— ß §“°— π  “¥ §◊ Õ
À≈—ߧ“ à«π∑’Ë´âÕπÕ¬Ÿà„µâÀ≈—ߧ“‡Õ° ¡’
≈—°…≥–‡ªìπªï°™“¬§“¬◊Ë𬓫√Õ∫µ—«
‡√◊Õπ.
ı.Ú «— ¥ÿ¡ßÿ À≈—ߧ“ °√–-
‡∫◊ÈÕß¡ÿßÀ≈—ߧ“„™â°√–‡∫◊ÈÕß Ù ™π‘¥
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
䴉ᡈ
- °√–‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ“߇¬’ˬ«
- °√–‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ“ß¡π
- °√–‡∫◊ÕÈ ßÀ“ßµ—¥
- °√–‡∫◊ÕÈ ß«à“«À√◊Õ¢π¡
‡ªï¬°ªŸπ
°√–‡∫◊ÈÕß∑—Èß Ù ™π‘¥®–
¡’µ—«®∫‡ªìπ°√–‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ“ßµ—¥ ‚¥¬®–
«“ßÕ¬Ÿ∫à π –æ“πÀπŸ ‡æ◊ÕË „À⥇Ÿ √’¬∫√âÕ¬
°“√¡ÿß°√–‡∫◊ÕÈ ßπ—πÈ ®–¡’°“√¡ÿßÕ¬Ÿà Ú «‘∏’
䴉ᡈ
- „™â ° √–‡∫◊È Õ ßµ— « ºŸâ °— ∫
µ—«‡¡’¬
- „™â ° √–‡∫◊È Õ ßµ— « ‡¡’ ¬
Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«
ı.Û °“√µ°·µà ß Àπâ “ ®—Ë «
Àπâ“®—Ë«‡ªìπ·ºß‰¡â√Ÿª “¡‡À≈’ˬ¡„µâ
ªíôπ≈¡ ‡æ◊ËժàÕß«à“ß “¡‡À≈’ˬ¡
¢ÕßÀ≈—ߧ“¥â“π °—¥À√◊Õ¥â“π¢◊ËÕ¢Õß
‡√◊Õπ ®—Ë«¢Õ߇√◊Õπ‰∑¬¿“§°≈“ß à«π
„À≠à®–∑”Õ¬Ÿà ı ·∫∫ ‰¥â·°à
- ‰¡âµ’‡√’¬∫
- µ’ ´â Õ π‡°≈Á ¥ (µ“¡
πÕπ)
- ≈Ÿ ° øí ° À πâ “ æ √ À ¡
‡√’¬°«à“ ç®—Ë«Àπâ“æ√À¡é À√◊Õ ç®—Ë«
æ√À¡æ—°µ√åé ∑”‡ªìπ≈Ÿ°øí°¡’≈Ÿ°µ—Èß
≈Ÿ°‡´ß ‡À¡◊ÕπΩ“ª–°π·µà¢π“¥‚µ
°«à“.
- ®—Ë«√—»¡’Õ“∑‘µ¬å µ√ß
√—»¡’Õ“∑‘µ¬å‡®“–‡ªìπ™àÕß ¡—°„™â°—∫
‡√◊Õπ§√—«‡æ◊ËÕ°“√√–∫“¬Õ“°“».
- ®—Ë«„∫ª√◊Õ ‡¢â“„®«à“
¡“®“°‡√◊Õπ‡§√◊ËÕߺŸ° ´÷Ëß®–¡’„∫µ“≈
„∫®“°°√ÿ Õ ¬Ÿà ¢â “ ß„π‡¡◊Ë Õ π”¡“„™â °— ∫
‡√◊Õπ‡§√◊ËÕß —∫®÷ß∑”‡ªìπ·°πµ‘¥∑—∫
µ—«¥—Èß„π·π«¢Õß„∫¥—Èß ¡’°√Õ∫·«àπ
‚¥¬√Õ∫ ·≈–®–∑”‰¡à‰¥â‡®“–∑–≈ÿ‡ªìπ
‡°≈Á¥∑’Ë∑”¢÷Èπ¡“‡ªìπ‰¡â‡≈Á°Ê µ’´âÕπ
°—π¢÷Èπ‰ª§≈⓬Ω“´âÕπ‡°≈Á¥.
‡¡◊ÕË ¡ÿß°√–‡∫◊ÕÈ ß‡ √Á®°Á¡’
À≈∫ªŸπ‡™‘ß°√–‡∫◊ÈÕß‚¥¬√«¡ ∑’ËÀπâ“
®—Ë « ®–¡’ √Ÿ √ –·π߇√’ ¬ ß°— π ≈ß¡“ ‡æ◊Ë Õ
‡ªìπ°“√°—ππ°ÀπŸ‡¢â“‰ª„π√Ÿ√–·πß®÷ß
ªî¥∑—∫¥â«¬ 牡âªíôπ≈¡é ‚¥¬«“ßÕ¬Ÿà
∫π·ª≈“π.
ˆ. µ—«Õ“§“√ µ—«Õ“§“√·∫àß
ÕÕ°‡ªìπ Û  à«π ‰¥â·°à
-  à«π‡¥’ˬ«≈à“ß §◊Õ  à«π®“°
æ◊πÈ ¥‘π∂÷ßÀ≈—ß√Õ¥.
-  à«π‡¥’ˬ«∫π §◊Õ  à«π®“°
À≈—ß√Õ¥‰ª∂÷ß∑âÕ߇µâ“√“¬.
-  à«πÀ≈—ߧ“ §◊Õ  à«π®“°
À≈—߇µâ“√“¬∂÷ß —πÀ≈—ߧ“.
°“√∑” — ¥  à « π¢ÕßÕ“§“√
‡√◊Õπ‰∑¬π—Èπ∂◊Õ°—π«à“ ∂Ⓡªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß
 — ∫ ¢Õß¿“§°≈“ß‚¥¬∑”‡π’ ¬ ∫™à “ ß
√“™ ”π— ° π—È π °“√∑” — ¥  à « π®–¡’
§«“¡ ”§—≠¡“°§◊Õ  à«π‡¥’ˬ«≈à“ß°—∫
‡¥’ˬ«∫π®–µâÕ߉¥â —¥ à«π∑’ËæÕ¥’°—π.
∂â“ à«π∫π‡µ’È¬·µà‡ “ Ÿß¡“° ‡√’¬°«à“
çÕ“§“√ÀÕ∫æ◊Èπé ·≈–∂â“™à«ß≈à“߇ “
‡µ’¬È ¢â“ß∫π Ÿß ‡√’¬°«à“ çÕ“§“√¢à¡æ◊πÈ é
´÷ßË ∂◊Õ«à“‰¡à‡ªìπ¡ß§≈ ‰¡à‡À¡“– ”À√—∫
Õ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπÕ“§“√
‡≈Á°À√◊Õ„À≠à®–µâÕß √â“ß„À≥⠗¥ à«π
∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—π.
˜. ∫√‘ ‡ «≥πÕ°™“π  à « π
πÕ°™“π®–¡’‡ “¢÷Èπ¡“√—∫ ‡√’¬°«à“
‡ “µÕ¡àÕ À¡“¬∂÷߇ “∑’Ë¢÷Èπ¡“®“°
æ◊Èπ¥‘π¡“√—∫·§à√Õ¥‡ªìπ™à«ßÊ ‚¥¬
√Õ∫πÕ°™“π®–µ—È߇ “§√àÕ¡√Õ¥∑–≈ÿ
ˆÙ
æ◊Èπ¢÷Èπ¡“ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡Õ“Ω“πÕ°™“π¡“µ‘¥.
°“√«“ßæ◊È π πÕ°™“π®–«“ß
µ“¡·π«¬“«¢Õßµ—«‡√◊Õπ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫
æ◊ÈπÀâÕßπÕπ·≈–æ◊Èπ√–‡∫’¬ß ·≈–‡ªìπ
°“√«“ߢ«“ß°—∫∑“߇¥‘π. ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
‰¡âæ◊ÈπÕ¬Ÿà‰ªπ“πÊ µ“°·¥¥ µ“°Ωπ
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¢Õ߉¡â®– ÷°À√Õ≈߉ª‡À≈◊Õ
·µà‡ ’Ȭπ, ∂Ⓡ√“‡¥‘π¢«“ß‡ ’Ȭπ°Á®–
‰¡à∑”Õ—πµ√“¬.
 à«π√Õ∫Ê πÕ°®–¡’√—È«πÕ°
™“πÀ√◊ÕΩ“πÕ°™“π.  à«π„À≠à®–µ’
‡ªìπ‰¡â “¬∫—« ¡’√àÕßµ’π™â“ß·≈–°√Õ∫
√—¥‡°≈ⓇÀ¡◊Õπ°—∫Ω“‡√◊Õπ„À≠à. ·µà
 à « π¢ÕßΩ“®–‡®“–‡ªì π ™à « ߇æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ
√–∫“¬Õ“°“»‰¥â, ‡«≈“Õ¬Ÿ∫à ππÕ°™“π
®– “¡“√∂¡ÕßÕÕ°‰ª¿“¬πÕ°‰¥â.
¯. ∫—π‰¥  à«π¡“°®–∑”™“π
æ—°∫—π‰¥ ‚¥¬π”Õ‘∞¡“‡√’¬ß°—π ‡Õ“
∑√“¬Õ—¥„Àâ·πàπ·≈â«‚∫°ªŸπ. ‡π◊ËÕß
®“°§π ¡—¬°àÕπ‰¡àπ‘¬¡ «¡√Õ߇∑â“
®÷ß∑”‡ªìπ∑’ Ë ”À√—∫≈â“߇∑â“Õ¬Ÿ∑à “ß¥â“π
¢«“. ®“°π—Èπ‡ªìπ·¡à∫—π‰¥Õ¬Ÿà Ú ¢â“ß.
≈Ÿ°∫—π‰¥∫√√®ÿ‰«â„π·¡à∫—π‰¥ ‚¥¬®–
¡’µ—«≈Ÿ°∫—π‰¥ Ú µ—« À—«∑⓬‡ªìπµ—«
¬÷¥µ√÷ß∫—π‰¥ ¥â«¬°“√‡®“–‡¥◊Õ¬∑–≈ÿ
·ºàπ·¡à∫—π‰¥·≈â«„ à≈Ÿ° ≈—°°—πÀ≈ÿ¥.
 à«πµ—«≈Ÿ°πÕπ∫—π‰¥∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ°Á‡ªìπµ—«
Ω“°‰¡à‡®“–∑–≈ÿ. ¢—Èπ∫—π‰¥®–¡’ª√–-
¡“≥ ı-˜ ¢—Èπ ‚¥¬„™â≈Ÿ°µ—Èߪ√–¡“≥
Ò¯ ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√.
∫—π‰¥∑’Ë„™â¢÷ÈππÕ°™“π‡√◊Õπ
¡—°®–¡’´ÿ⡪√–µŸ ”À√—∫‡ªìπ∑“߇¢â“-
ÕÕ° ´÷Ëß®–¡’°√Õ∫‡™Á¥Àπâ“, ¡’∫“π
ª√–µŸ∑’˵’Õ°‡≈“‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬. ´ÿ⡪√–µŸ
∑”‡ªì π À≈— ß §“¡ÿ ß °√–‡∫◊È Õ ß¢π“¥‰¡à
„À≠àπ—° æÕ„ÀâÀ≈∫Ωπ‰¥â·≈–· ¥ß
‡√◊Õπ‡§√◊ËÕß —∫

«à“‡ªìπ∑“߇¢â“∫â“π.
˘. «‘ ∏’ ° “√ª√–°Õ∫µ— « ‡√◊ Õ π
™à “ ß®–¬÷ ¥ µ— « ‰¡â ‡ ¢â “ ¥â « ¬°— π ‚¥¬°“√
‡¢â“ ≈—° ‡¢â“‡¥◊Õ¬ ´÷ßË ¡’À≈“¬·∫∫ ‡™àπ
‡¥◊Õ¬À“߇À¬’ˬ« ”À√—∫·√ߥ÷ß ‡¥◊Õ¬
‡¢Áπ ”À√—∫·√ßÕ—¥, ‚¥¬®–‰¡à¡’°“√„™â
µ–ªŸ ‡æ√“–∂◊Õ«à“‡À≈Á°‡ªìπ π‘¡·≈–
®–¢“¥°àÕπ‰¡â.  ≈—°À√◊Õ≈‘Ë¡®–„™â‰¡â
‡π◊ÈÕ·¢Áß ‡™à𠇵Áß √—ß À√◊Õ‚§π‰¡â‰ºà∑’Ë
¡’§«“¡·¢Áß·√ߧß∑π¡“°.
‡√◊Õπ‰∑¬·µà‡¥‘¡®–∑” ”‡√Á®√Ÿª
ç«ß°√Õ∫é ‰¥â‡æ’È¬π‰ª‡ªìπ ç«ß°∫é ®“°™à“ß∑’Ë查‰∑¬‰¡à™—¥
¿‘≠‚≠  ÿ«√√≥§’√’
‡«≈“¬°‡ “¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ§ŸàÊ °Á®–¡’√Õ¥√âÕ¬
µ‘¥‡ “¢÷Èπ‰ª, ‡Õ“¢◊ËÕ «¡ ‡Õ“„∫¥—Èß≈ß
‰ª ‡ “¥—Èß°Á§√àÕ¡√Õ¥, «“ßæ√÷ß·≈â«
®÷ ß ‡Õ“Ω“¬°¢÷È π «“ß∫πæ√÷ ß µ“¡™à « ß
‡ “µà“ßÊ. ®“°π—πÈ ®÷ß√âÕ¬‡µâ“‡¢â“°—∫‡ “
·≈â « µ‘ ¥ ‡™‘ ß °≈Õπ·≈–‚§√ß √â “ ß.
À≈—ߧ“¡’·ªÀ—«‡ “ ®—π∑—π Õ°‰°à ·ª
≈“π °√Õ∫ √–·πß ·≈–°√–‡∫◊ÈÕßµ“¡
≈”¥—∫. °“√∑”ß“π≈—°…≥–π’È®–µâÕß
„™â™à“ß∑’Ë¡’§«“¡™”π“≠ß“π ·≈–„™â‰¡â
∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“楒‡æ◊ËÕÕ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“ππ“π.
ˆı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
∫“ß·Ààß ‡™àπ ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ¿“§Õ’ “π
Õ“®„™â°√–‡∫◊ÈÕ߉¡â∑’Ë∑”®“°‰¡â —° ‰¡â
µ–‡§’ ¬ π∑Õß¡“¡ÿ ß À≈— ß §“ ´÷Ë ß ∑“ß
‡Àπ◊Õ‡√’¬°«à“ 燰≈Á¥·ªÑπé. ·µà∑“ß
¿“§°≈“ß¡’¥‘π‡À𒬫¡“° ®÷ßπ‘¬¡π”
‡Õ“æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ ªì π ·ºà π °√–‡∫◊È Õ ß·≈â « ‡º“
µ“¡°√√¡«‘∏’ ®π‰¥â‡ªìπ°√–‡∫◊ÈÕß¡ÿß
À≈—ߧ“ ®π«‘«—≤π“°“√¡“„™â°√–‡∫◊ÈÕß
‡§≈◊Õ∫„π°“√¡ÿßÀ≈—ߧ“ ´÷Ë߉¡à∑”„Àâ
‡°‘¥√“∫πÀ≈—ߧ“.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
Are We Managing Cancer
Problems?
Key words : cancer problem, breast cancer, management
In the present climate of eco-
nomic gloom it is perhaps incon-
gruous to take a critical look at a
certain aspect of health care. The
management of cancer patients
world-wide is notoriously inade-
quate. Society is as strong as its
weakest link and sadly one of our
weakest links is still the pathetic
way we look after our chronically
ill. Most people, including the
super- specialists, have a blinkered
view of patients’ requirements to
cope with cancer-related prob-
lems. These inherent problems
arise the moment diagnosis is
made. The instantaneous psycho-
logical trauma is devastatingly
deep and disproportionately long
lasting. In addition, the socio-eco-
nomic impacts on the patient to-
gether with the relatives and
friends are difficult to measure
confidently with any degree of ac-
curacy. It requires an insightful
and astute leader to recognize the
overall problems and a courageous
one to try to solve them.
Globally there are special
cancer units, hospitals and even in-
stitutions but almost all of them
cater for certain aspects of the par-
ticular types of cancer. They are
all important but a great number
of patients’ problems remain un-
solved. They treat the disease but
fail to manage the patient. The
patient as a “whole” is not treated
in total, body and mind. John
Milton summed it up in “Paradise
Lost”.
“The mind is its own
place, and in itself can
make a heav’n of hell, a
hell of heav’n”.
The model for this sugges-
tion can be constructed in the man-
agement of any type of cancer but
probably and ideally it is exem-
plified in breast cancer. The breast
has always been viewed symboli-
cally as the center of femininity
ˆˆ
Kris Chatamra
Fellow, the Academy of Science,
the Royal Institute
and when a woman is diagnosed
having breast cancer her life will
never be the same again. Her
world is shattered. This generali-
zation is true at all levels, from the
richest to the most deprived. They
may live in different “worlds” but
the gargantuan impact in their
lives is the same. They cannot
cope with the problems alone. In
an excellent article in a recent in-
ternational magazine a breast can-
cer patient wrote “you don’t get
through this without friends”.
This very simple comment sums
up the special need. Friends and
relatives are of great comfort to the
patients but sadly and rather para-
doxically they can instill fear and
mistrust through ignorance with
misguided advice and thoughtless
remarks. “The road to hell is
paved with good intentions” is
often a very apt proverb in this
context. The psychology of self-
loathing patients is occasionally
difficult to mitigate.
The hard-core and life-saving
treatments, which must be the
same for everybody in any civi-
Are We Managing Cancer Problems?

lized and self-respecting society,
usually dictate the main direction
of management of a particular
cancer. In the case of breast can-
cer these include, of course, ap-
propriate surgery, irradiation, che-
motherapy, and relevant hormone
therapy. In addition to the ob-
vious and obligatory treatment of
the disease, the initiation of subtle
ancillary therapy should already
have begun. This can be collec-
tively grouped as “support for pa-
tients”. The support group should
ideally be made up of full-time
specialist personnel and dedicated
volunteers. The volunteers often
function admirably with breast
cancer patients because they are
independent and are regarded by
patients as friends. They are not
just “any friends” but are well in-
formed, sympathetic and kind and
above all they are well adjusted to
support patients; they can act as a
rock for patients to lean on. The
volunteer should also function as
a quality audit of the treatment the
patients are receiving. They are
volunteers with no financial re-
wards; they simply give and help
constructively.
A breast cancer center should,
Kris Chatamra
in the modern context, be com-
posed of several sub-specialties,
but all must have one common
aim, the best care for patients at
all social levels. The paragon of
breast cancer management is, of
course, the highest rate of cure and
minimal morbidity in patients
with breast cancer, but with the
best will in the world there will
always be incurable cases. These
must be catered for, and they need
mainly palliative treatment. These
patients, however, will drain more
from the common resources and
require a constellation of special
people to support them from the
moment diagnosis is made to the
final stages of their lives. Gentle
and sympathetic care and pain
control form the mainstream of
management for this group of pa-
tients; eventually for some pa-
tients, the need for hospice service
cannot be neglected. In all pa-
tients, when modern science has
failed to cure or palliate, supple-
mentary and complimentary
medicines which do not have a
negative effect should be consid-
ered; at the very least, they give
the patient a sense of not being
abandoned and may enhance the
ˆ˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
quality of life. Also, in all patients,
their dignity must be maintained
to the end. This issue can create a
conflict among the many parties
involved including their relatives;
the inability to tackle it would be
tantamount to failure to address
intellectually the indisputably im-
portant aspect of human life, hu-
man dignity.
It is universally accepted that
the treatment of cancer, particu-
larly in breast cancer, requires a
multidisciplinary approach, but
there must always be one person
with overall responsibility. When
conflicting ideas are presented, the
person in charge must make the
decision, which may at times be
exceedingly difficult and painful.
This very same person must view
the patient in total, bodily as well
as holistically, with compassion
and scientific discipline. It is al-
most an impossible task but again
cancer is not easy.
Shakespeare reminded us of
the above concept very succinctly
in King Lear :
“...........we are not ourselves.
When nature, being op-
pressed, commands the mind
To suffer with the body”.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√*  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘

√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

§” ”§—≠ : Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
∫√√¬“¬‡©æ“–Àπâ“∑’¢Ë Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
µ“¡∑’Ë∑à“πºŸâ®—¥°“√∫√√¬“¬µ’°√Õ∫‰«â
„À⺡‡∑à“π—πÈ .
º¡¬— ß ‰¡à ¡’ ‚ Õ°“ ‰¥â øí ß „§√æŸ ¥ ‡°µÿ  ‘ ß Àå ºŸâ ¡ Õ∫À¡“¬µ”·Àπà ß ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√À—«Àπâ“ (Chief
À√◊Õ‰¥âÕà“π‡√◊ËÕß∑’˺¡‰¥â√—∫¡Õ∫À¡“¬ ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ “√»‘√‘√“™„À⺡. √–¬– Editor À√◊Õ Editor-in-Chief)
„Àâ查 ¥—ßπ—Èπ  ‘Ëß∑’˺¡®–∫√√¬“¬µàÕ À≈—ߺ¡°Á¬ß— ¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â§«“¡√Ÿ®â “°°“√ ¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ß“π®—¥∑”«“√ “√
‰ªπ’È ®÷߇ªì𧫓¡‡¢â“„®¢Õߺ¡‡Õß ∑’Ë √à«¡Õ¬Ÿà„π§≥–∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√ ∑—È߇≈à¡, µ—Èß·µàª° √«¡‡π◊ÈÕ„π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
‡√’¬π®“°ª√– ∫°“√≥å „π™à«ß Ù °«à“ µà“ߪ√–‡∑»Õ’° Ú-Û ©∫—∫. ·≈–‚¶…≥“. ∫“ß·Àà ß ®÷ ß „™â ™◊Ë Õ «à “
ªï∑’˺¡§≈ÿ°§≈’Õ¬Ÿà°—∫ß“π‡¢’¬π ·≈– °“√®—¥∑”«“√ “√«‘™“°“√ µâÕß ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ ºâŸπ‘æπ∏å ·≈–ºâŸ‚¶…≥“
ß“π∫√√≥“∏‘°“√. Õ“»—¬°“√∑”ß“π‡ªìπ§≥–∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ Õ¬à„Ÿ πµ”·Àπà߇¥’¬«°—π.
·¡â„π™à«ß∑’ºË ¡‰¡à‰¥â‡ªìπ∫√√≥“- §≥–ºŸâ ®— ¥ ∑” ´÷Ëß‚¥¬‡µÁ¡æ‘°—¥ ®– ∫√√≥“∏‘ ° “√‡ªì π ºŸâ °”Àπ¥√Ÿ ª
∏‘°“√ ·µà°“√ àß∫∑§«“¡‰ª√—∫°“√ ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬∫√√≥“∏‘ ° “√À— « Àπâ “ , ≈—°…≥å·≈–¢π“¥¢Õß«“√ “√ (·µà°Á
æ‘®“√≥“‡æ◊ËÕ√—∫≈ßæ‘¡æå ®÷߉¥â —¡º—  ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√√Õß, ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ºŸâ™à«¬, §«√¢Õ§«“¡‡ÀÁ π ™Õ∫®“°À— « Àπâ “
°—∫«‘∏’°“√¢Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√·≈–§≥– ºŸ™â «à ¬∫√√≥“∏‘°“√, §≥–∫√√≥“∏‘°“√  ∂“∫—πÀ√◊ÕÀπà«¬ß“π ºŸâ‡ªìπ‡®â“¢Õß
¢Õ߇¢“ ∑”„À⺡‰¥â‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¢—ÈπµÕπ ·≈–À√◊ Õ °Õß∫√√≥“∏‘ ° “√ ·≈–ºŸâ «“√ “√), ‡ªìπºŸ«â “ß√Ÿª·∫∫ (øÕ√å·¡µ)
°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√·≈–§≥– ®—¥°“√. ∫“ß«“√ “√Õ“®®”·π°§≥– ·≈–√–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß∫∑§«“¡∑’Ëπ”
ºŸâ®—¥∑”«“√ “√«‘™“°“√. ºŸâ®—¥∑” ‚¥¬‡©æ“–µ—«∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ ≈ßæ‘¡æå„π«“√ “√ µ“¡π‚¬∫“¬∑’Ë
‡¡◊Ë Õ º¡‰ª√— ∫ ß“π∫√√≥“∏‘ ° “√ ª≈’°¬àÕ¬≈߉ªÕ’° ·≈–¡’Ω“É ¬µà“ßÊ ‡æ‘¡Ë µ°≈ß°—π„π§≥–ºŸâ®—¥∑” ´÷Ëß®–¢÷Èπ°—∫
°Á‰¥â„™âª√– ∫°“√≥å∑‰’Ë ¥â√∫— „π™à«ß‡ªìπ ‡¢â“¡“ ´÷Ë߉¡à‡ªìπºŸâ∑”ß“πÀ≈—° º¡®÷ß ª√–‡¿∑¢Õß«“√ “√∑’Ë ¡’ À ≈“¬√–¥— ∫
ºŸâπ‘æπ∏å ª√–°Õ∫°—∫°“√™’Èπ”™’È·π– ‰¡àπ”¡“‡ πÕ„π∑’πË .È’ ‡™àπ «“√ “√¢Õß‚√߇√’¬π, ¢Õß¡À“-
®“°∑à“π»“ µ√“®“√¬å 𓬷æ∑¬åÕ«¬ „π°“√∫√√¬“¬π’È º¡§ß®– «‘∑¬“≈—¬ À√◊Õ¢Õß ¡“§¡, ‡ªìπ«“√-
 “√√–¥—∫™“µ‘ À√◊Õ√–¥—∫π“π“™“µ‘.
*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√Õ∫√¡‡™‘ߪؑ∫µ
— °‘ “√ À≈—° Ÿµ√°“√‡ªìπ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å·≈– “∏“√≥ ÿ¢  ”À√—∫‚¶…≥“„π«“√ “√ À“°¡’®–
®—¥‚¥¬°Õß«‘™“°“√ ”π—°°“√·æ∑¬å °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ≥ ‚√ß·√¡ ‚´≈∑«‘π ∑“«‡«Õ√å «—π∑’Ë ˜ 情¿“§¡ µâ Õ ß§«∫§ÿ ¡ ‡π◊È Õ À“¢Õß‚¶…≥“«à “
æ.». ÚıÙı ‰¡à ‡ °‘ 𠧫“¡‡ªì π ®√‘ ß ·≈–√Ÿ ª ·∫∫‰¡à

Àπâ“∑’¢Ë Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
ˆ¯

À«◊ÕÀ«“‡≈Õ–‡∑Õ–®π‡°‘π‰ª.
À—«„® ”§—≠¢Õß«“√ “√Õ¬Ÿà ∑’Ë
§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë≈ßæ‘¡æå. ‰¡à
«à“®–‡ªìπ«“√ “√ª√–‡¿∑„¥ √Ÿª·∫∫
¢Õß∫∑§«“¡µâÕߧ߇ âπ§ß«“‰¡à≈—°
≈—Ëπ, ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ “√–·≈–¿“…“‡¢’¬π„π
∫∑§«“¡µâÕß·¡à𬔵“¡¡“µ√∞“π.
¥—ß°≈à“«·≈â««à“¡“µ√∞“π¡’À≈“¬√–¥—∫
¥—ßπ—Èπº≈º≈‘µ®÷ߢ÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡µâÕß
°“√ §«“¡¡ÿßà ¡—πË §«“¡Õÿ∑»‘ À√◊Õ§«“¡
¢Õ‰ª∑’ ·≈–§«“¡ “¡“√∂‡©æ“–µ—«
¢Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√.
≈”¥—∫µàÕ‰ª ®–¢Õ°≈à“«∂÷ߢ—È π
µÕπ°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
À— « Àπâ “ . ‡¡◊Ë Õ ∫√√≥“∏‘ ° “√‰¥â √— ∫
µâ π ©∫— ∫ ∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë ºŸâ π‘ æ π∏å  à ß ¡“„Àâ
æ‘®“√≥“‡æ◊ËÕπ”≈ßæ‘¡æåπ—Èπ ∫√√≥“-
∏‘°“√À√◊ÕºŸâ™à«¬∫√√≥“∏‘°“√§«√‡ªî¥
µ√«®¥Ÿ«à“µâπ©∫—∫¡’√Ÿª·∫∫µ√ßµ“¡∑’Ë
·®â߉«â„π ç¢âÕ·π–π”°“√‡µ√’¬¡µâπ
©∫—∫é À√◊Õ‰¡à. À“°¡’¢âÕ∫°æ√àÕß
¡“° °Á„Àâ®—¥ àߧ◊πºŸâπ‘æπ∏å æ√âÕ¡¡’
®¥À¡“¬·®âß„À⇵√’¬¡„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕß. ·µà
∂â “ ¡’ § «“¡∫°æ√à Õ ß‡≈Á ° πâ Õ ¬°Á Õ “®
¡Õ∫¿“√–„Àâ ∫ √√≥“∏‘ ° “√√ÕßÀ√◊ Õ
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ºŸâ™à«¬∑”°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß„Àâ
∂Ÿ°µâÕß. ®“°π—Èπ„Àâ àß ”‡π“µâπ©∫—∫
∫∑§«“¡„À⺟⇙’ˬ«™“≠‡©æ“–∑“ß Ú
À√◊Õ Û ∑à“πæ‘®“√≥“·π–π”«à“‡π◊ÕÈ À“
 “√–¢Õß∫∑§«“¡π—πÈ Ê ‡À¡“–∑’®Ë –π”
≈ßæ‘¡æå„π«“√ “√À√◊Õ‰¡à. À“°ºŸâ
æ‘®“√≥“·π–π”„Àⷰ≢ À√◊Õµ—¥ ‘π
«à“∫∑§«“¡‰¡à‡À¡“– ”À√—∫≈ßæ‘¡æå
°Á àßµâπ©∫—∫§◊πæ√âÕ¡®¥À¡“¬·®â߉ª
¬—߇®â“¢Õß∫∑§«“¡. À“°‡ªìπµâπ©∫—∫
∑’˺Ÿâæ‘®“√≥“‡ÀÁπ«à“§«√π”≈ßæ‘¡æ剥â
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘
°Á àß„Àâ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√√Õß À√◊Õ∫√√≥“-
∏‘°“√À—«ÀπⓇÕß∑”°“√™”√–µâπ©∫—∫
„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà„π ¿“æ∑’Ëæ√âÕ¡ àß ”π—°æ‘¡æå.
∂Ⓡªìπ∫∑§«“¡√“¬ß“πº≈ß“π«‘®—¬°Á
®–µâÕß à߉ª„Àâπ—°ÕÕ°·∫∫‚§√ß √â“ß
√–‡∫’¬∫ß“π«‘®—¬·≈–π—° ∂‘µ‘æ‘®“√≥“
´÷Ëß∂⓵âÕߪ√—∫ª√ÿß·°â‰¢¡“° °Á àß„Àâ
ºŸπâ æ‘ π∏宥— °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßµ“¡§”·π–π”
¢ÕߺŸâæ‘®“√≥“.
‡¡◊Ë Õ ∫√√≥“∏‘ ° “√‰¥â µâ π ©∫— ∫ ∑’Ë
æ√âÕ¡≈ßæ‘¡æå·≈â« °Á àßµâπ©∫—∫„Àâ
 ”π—°æ‘¡æå, ‚¥¬‡°Á∫ ”‡π“‰«â™ÿ¥Àπ÷Ëß
∑ÿ°§√—Èß. ‡¡◊ËÕ ”π—°æ‘¡æå àߪ√Ÿäø
∫∑§«“¡¡“„Àâ °Á¡Õ∫„Àâ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
ºŸâ™à«¬À√◊ÕºŸâ™à«¬∫√√≥“∏‘°“√∑”°“√
æ‘ Ÿ®πåÕ—°…√ ·≈â« àߧ◊π ”π—°æ‘¡æå.
‡¡◊ËÕ ”π—°æ‘¡æ剥ⷰ≢ª√Ÿäø ÿ¥∑⓬
 àß¡“„Àâµ√«®Õ’° ∑“ß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
ºŸâ™à«¬°Á®–µ√«®§«“¡‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬·≈â« àß
„Àâ ∫ √√≥“∏‘ ° “√À— « Àπâ “ Õπÿ ¡— µ‘ π”≈ß
æ‘¡æå„π«“√ “√‰¥â.
‡¡◊Ë Õ ‰¥â ª √Ÿä ø ∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë ºà “ π
°√–∫«π°“√¢â“ßµâπ„π®”π«π∑’˧√∫
µ“¡µâÕß°“√·≈â« ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√À—«Àπâ“
°Á®–π”∫∑§«“¡¡“®—¥À¡«¥À¡Ÿà·≈–
≈”¥—∫°àÕπÀ≈—ß ·≈–‡µ√’¬¡ “√∫—≠
∫∑§«“¡„Àâ µ √ß°— ∫ ≈”¥— ∫ ∫∑§«“¡.
®“°π—È π °Á ‡ ¢’ ¬ π∫∑ ç∫√√≥“∏‘ ° “√
·∂≈ßé À√◊Õ¡Õ∫„Àâ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√√Õß
‡ªìπºŸâ‡¢’¬πº≈—¥‡ª≈’ˬπ°—π‰ª. ‡¡◊ËÕ
∑ÿ°Õ¬à“߇√’¬∫√âÕ¬∂÷ß®ÿ¥π’È °Á àߪ√Ÿäø
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„Àâ ”π—°æ‘¡æå ®—¥æ‘¡æ凢â“√Ÿª
‡≈ࡉ¥â.
∑“ß ”π—°æ‘¡æå®–®—¥°“√ àߪ√Ÿøä
Àπâ “ ·∑à π À√◊ Õ ª√Ÿä ø ‡æ≈µ°≈— ∫ ¡“„Àâ
µ√«®‡ªìπ§√—Èß ÿ¥∑⓬ ´÷Ëß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
ˆ˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
À— « Àπâ “ ®–µ√«®‡Õß À√◊ Õ ¡Õ∫„Àâ
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√√Õß À√◊Õ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ºŸâ
™à«¬∑”°“√µ√«®„π¢—ÈπµÕππ’È°Á ÿ¥·µà
Õ—∏¬“»—¬.
ªí≠À“¢Õß°“√®—¥æ‘¡æå«“√ “√
∑’∫Ë √√≥“∏‘°“√ª√– ∫Õ¬Ÿ‡à ªìπª√–®”§◊Õ
ºŸâπ‘æπ∏å‰¡à‡µ√’¬¡µâπ©∫—∫µ“¡ 秔
·π–π”°“√‡µ√’¬¡µâπ©∫—∫é ∑’Ëæ‘¡æå
‰«â „ π«“√ “√©∫— ∫ ·√°¢Õߪï . ¢â Õ
∫°æ√àÕß à«π„À≠à §◊Õ‡µ√’¬¡‡Õ° “√
Õâ“ßՑ߉¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·≈–¢“¥∫∑§—¥¬àÕ.
°“√∑’Ë ‡ ®â “ ¢Õß∫∑§«“¡‰¡à  à ß §◊ π
ª√äŸ ø À√◊ Õ  à ß ≈à “ ™â “ °Á ‡ ªì π ªí ≠ À“„π
°√–∫«π°“√®—¥∑”‰¡àπâÕ¬.
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√√Õß (Associate
Editor) °Á §◊ Õ ºŸâ ∑”ß“π‡À¡◊ Õ π
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√À—«Àπâ“ ‚¥¬∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
À— « Àπâ “ ·∫à ß ß“π‰ª„Àâ  à « πÀπ÷Ë ß À√◊ Õ
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥, ‡æ’¬ß·µà‰¡àµâÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫
«“√ “√∑’Ëæ‘¡æåÕÕ°¡“‡∑à“π—Èπ.
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ºŸ™â «à ¬ (Assistant
Editor) ∑”ß“π∑’∫Ë √√≥“∏‘°“√√Õß
À√◊Õ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√À—«Àπâ“¡Õ∫À¡“¬„Àâ
‡™àπ µ√«®§«“¡∂Ÿ°µâÕߢÕ߇հ “√
Õâ“ßÕ‘ßÀ√◊Õ∫√√≥“πÿ°√√¡¢Õßµâπ©∫—∫
∫∑§«“¡ ·≈–∑”°“√æ‘ ®Ÿ πåÕ°— …√.
ºŸ™â «à ¬∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ (Editorial
Assistant) ‡ªìπºŸâ∑”ß“π‡À¡◊Õπ
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ºŸ™â «à ¬∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß„π«“√ “√
∑’ˉ¡à¡’∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ºŸâ™à«¬. ‡ªìπ™◊ËÕ
µ”·Àπàß∑’ËÕ“®¥Ÿ«à“¡’‡°’¬√µ‘πâÕ¬°«à“
‡æ√“–‰¡à‡ªìπ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√. ¥—ßπ—Èπ
‡¡◊Ë Õ ∂÷ ß √–¬–Àπ÷Ë ß ‡¡◊Ë Õ ∫√√≥“∏‘ ° “√
À—«ÀπⓉ¥â‡ÀÁ𧫓¡ “¡“√∂·≈–º≈
ß“π™—¥‡®π·≈â« ºŸâ™à«¬∫√√≥“∏‘°“√°Á
®–‡≈◊ËÕπ¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ºŸâ™à«¬.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002 ∫∑§«“¡

摇»…
Good Governance : Chai-Anan Samudavanija
Vice-President,
Only the First Step for Thailand the Royal Institute

sustain itself and expand? The

The author reminds us that the current debate on glo- most relevant question is whether
balization and its contribution to good governance can never economic and political inequali-
be clearly resolved. The link between globalization and good ties caused by rapid economic de-
governance cannot be defined any more than can the relation-
velopment are temporary and self-
ship between industrialization and democracy.
The author also notes that it is a mistake to speak of Thai correcting.
society as monolithic. He maintains that the Thai population Now we have shifted our con-
is bifurcated into a private-corporate sector and an agricultural cern to “Globalization and Good
sector, and globalization is the agent of good governance only
Governance” instead of “Industri-
for the former. Globalization weakens authoritarian states and
harmonizes the world’s legal system. He concludes that so- alization and Democracy.” We are
cial leaders do not need “good governance” but a “good po- asking a new set of questions while
litical strategy” if they seek to expand political participation, the old ones remain unanswered.
and to ally the rich and the poor, the urbanized and the rural,
However, it is now evident that in
the modernized and the traditional. In other words, good
governance is good management, but democracy requires a many countries such as Thailand,
more “people-centered” approach. For democracy, the key is the gap between the rich and the
localization, not globalization. poor has widened despite the in-
Key words : good governance, Thailand crease in per capita income.
We assume that “change” (es-
pecially of an economic or techno-
Twenty years ago we were political forces had not been able logical nature) is automatically
concerned with a number of ques- to consolidate and reshape the transformative and that its effects
tions that are still relevant for our character of the state. are totalistic. Our view of “society”
discussion today. At that time, This question led to others. is also totalistic, which in reality it
“Industrialization and Democracy” Are capitalism and democracy re- is not. There is not one but there
was the central theme of many lated? Is democracy the only al- are many levels of society. While
seminars and conferences, and ternative political framework to the flow of capital, technology and
industrialization was seen as a driv- support and promote capitalism? information across borders conti-
ing force for democratization. In other words, does capitalism nues to accelerate, the effects on
Then, we were puzzled as to why and its basic trait – industrializa- society have been uneven, creating
the new amalgam of social and tion – need democracy in order to new opportunities and gains, but

Good Governance : Only the First Step for Thailand

ˆÒ

also conflicts and losses.
This is nothing new. What is
important is to rethink our con-
cept of change in order to be more
people-centered, and less institu-
tional or process-centered. It is
also important to look comprehen-
sively at the relationship between
Globalization and Good Gover-
nance in its key aspects: political,
economic, cultural, and interna-
tional. As explained below, we will
then see that Globalization-driven
Good Governance is relevant only
to part of society: the private cor-
porate sector. The people’s agri-
cultural sector, on the other hand,
is increasingly marginalized. Mar-
ket forces are not sufficient to form
an alliance between these two parts
of Thailand’s bifurcated society.
The Private Corporate Sector
In the 1980s, the develop-
mental role of state bureaucrats
(or technocrats) was more pro-
nounced than now, especially in
the highly productive so-called
“key industries” as well as in plan-
ning, budgeting, and fiscal and
monetary policy-making. As put
forth by Robert Wade’s governed
market theory, the state had an
active role in directing capitalist
market forces. In the 1990s, how-
ever, the governed market theory
ceased to apply. The Asian finan-
cial crisis forced the Republic of
Korea (the champion of the gov-
erned market theor y) to fuel
growth through foreign direct in-
vestment (FDI) and mergers and
acquisitions (M&A). Meanwhile,
Chai-Anan Samudavanija
public-sector reform and an ur-
gent need for capital led to large-
scale privatization – another spur
to foreign investment1.
Authoritarian states, which
had good records on industrial de-
velopment, were forced to demo-
cratize politically and to adopt
Good Governance standards ad-
ministratively. Without the eco-
nomic crisis, there would have
been no need for authoritarian
regimes in Asia to relinquish
power. Thus, the financial crisis
has weakened Asian political re-
gimes, although they are still na-
tion-states with full sovereignty – as
pointed out by George Soros, they
wield legal powers that no indi-
vidual or corporation can possess2.
While globalization has un-
dermined authoritarian govern-
ments, it has empowered interna-
tional regimes such as the World
Trade Organization and the Inter-
national Monetary Fund. The
Asian crisis enabled these organi-
zations to lay down conditions and
guidelines for economic recovery.
They have recommended mainly
public-sector reform (which in-
volves privatization of state enter-
prises), liberalization of trade and
services, and legal reform in line
with international standards and
practices.
Politically and economically,
the globalization process has stan-
dardized criteria for governance
and management. Indeed, the
cornerstones of global networks
are liberlization, privatization and
harmonization of laws and poli-
ˆÒÒ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
cies. Consequently, this process
tends to iron out cultural diversity
and unify what was a multiplicity
of interests. In Europe there has
been an attempt to counter-
balance globalization’s integrating
effects by evoking the Principle of
Subsidiarity (which calls for resolv-
ing any matter at the lowest pos-
sible level of organization). Asia
has seen the rise of Asian civil so-
ciety, which actually should be
termed “societies” rather than a
universal, aggregate “society”, in
the form of oppositional social
movements with diverse values.
As transnational operations
replace the state in controlling and
directing economic activities at all
levels, elites – political, military
and technocratic – lose their most
fundamental power over the pri-
vate sector, namely their regulative
authority. Thus, the process of
Globalization is inseparable from
Good Governance: both exert
pressure on the state. (By contrast,
democratization involves the ex-
pansion of political participation,
which involves all sectors of so-
ciety.) On the macroeconomic
level, the weakening of the state
makes possible growth that follows
trade “flares” instead of adhering
to artificial state boundaries. On
the microeconomic level, people
are freed to follow jobs or cultural
ties, and to build connections with
people in other states.
These movements are both
“above” and “under” the state.
Multinational corporations are
moving above, bypassing the state
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
and eroding its sovereignty. The
M&A boom is one example. Mean-
while, poor and jobless people are
moving “under” the state as illegal
migrants and small-scale traders.
Drug warlords, the mafia and black
marketeers have increased their
control of local politics and in
many areas have become “repre-
sentatives” of the people.
Consumerism, too, has ex-
panded beyond national bound-
aries. Consumerism and transna-
tional corporatism are the two
main characteristics of what is
called “internationalism.” Small
nation-states have to face the
double jeopardy of becoming
more dependent and at the same
time struggling to compete in the
global economy.
The Agricultural Sector
Thai society is bifurcated into
the private-corporate sector (both
domestic and international) and
the people’s agricultural sector
(composed mainly of small-scale
farmers). Good Governance, as
encouraged by Globalization, is
largely irrelevant to the most press-
ing concerns of the latter, which,
even during the rapid economic
growth of the 1980s, was unab-
sorbed to any significant extent by
industrialization. While the state
has adjusted its strategic alliance
with the private-corporate sector
by co-opting it into the highest
level of decision-making, the state
has been reluctant similarly to in-
clude the rural agricultural sector,
and has been less responsive to its
demand for participation beyond
electoral channels. Not only power-
less small farmers but also orga-
nized agricultural interest groups
have suffered from the drive to-
ward industrialization and interna-
tional competitiveness.
These marginalized farmers
are victims of development. They
have neither economic assets nor
economic rights, although they are
citizens with voting and other fun-
damental rights guaranteed by the
new constitution. Political reform
has opened up new channels for
participation, but this partici-
pation mainly takes the form of
grievance expression rather than
interest aggregation.
Although Globalization is
neutral and is driven by rapid
change in technology and commu-
nications, Good Governance is not
neutral. The term is value laden
and refers to that which is neces-
sary for an efficient market-driven
economy. Good Governance is a
basic requirement for a more open
and transparent public-private sec-
tor relationship. But, as noted
above, Thailand is a bifurcated so-
ciety. The Thai government, in its
attempt to promote Good Gover-
nance during the past three years,
passed a number of laws (such as
the Business Competition Act of
1999 and the Accounting Act of
2000) favoring multinational cor-
porations. These laws are to en-
sure that domestic and foreign in-
vestment does not result in anti-
competitive behavior. However,
draft legislation on community
Good Governance : Only the First Step for Thailand
ˆÒÚ
rights, natural resources and envi-
ronmental management suffered
from delays and setbacks.
The shift from an input-based
economy toward a more know-
ledge-based economy will be ex-
tremely unstable and requires a
good political strategy rather than
Good Governance. Conventional-
ly, such a shift is said to require
modernization of institutions, in-
centives for competition, good cor-
porate management, gradual
privatization, targeted research
and development, upgrading of
skills, and support for small- and
medium-sized enterprises. These
technical measures are necessary
for competitiveness, and enhance
the corporate sector’s efficiency.
However, they must be accompa-
nied by a strategy capable of forg-
ing a grand alliance between the
large, rural, input-based, tradi-
tional part of society with the small,
urban, knowledge-based, modern-
ized and globalized part of society.
Good Governance is not the ans-
wer to this problem.
Toward a New Consciousness
As a bifurcated society, Thai-
land has to cope with globalization
at both ends, for it cannot rely
upon market forces alone. The
state has to create an optimal rela-
tionship between democracy, the
market, and sustainable develop-
ment. Globalization is inherently
market “drive”; Good Governance
is management-oriented, but de-
mocracy is people-centered and
requires both free and fair treat-

ment of individuals.
Democratization in my view
is closely linked with the empower-
ment of individuals, decentraliza-
tion and participation. Hence it
is closer to localization than to glo-
balization. Will market-driven
change automatically promote
democracy, as well as transparency
and Good Governance? There are
conflicting views and experiences
from Asia, Africa and Latin
America.
As observed by Deepak Nay-
yar, “marketization and globaliza-
tion in the developing world, so far,
have provided the enthusiasm and
the opportunities to the privileged
few who are rich but not to the vast
majority who are poor.”3 Amartya
Sen, while recognizing certain
limitations of the market mecha-
nism, firmly believes in its ability
to create wealth unrivalled by any
other known system. According to
Sen, we have to supplement this
mechanism, not replace it, to re-
dress the ills of market-driven
growth.
Sen notes that “the successes
of the market economy are not
achieved single-handedly by the
market alone. There is a crucial
need for supplementation from
other institutions.” Other institu-
tions include the government, the
legislature, the judiciary, the politi-
cal parties, and the media. He
then proposes a “new strategy,”
which requires understanding
how institutions complement one
another, and a broad vision that
encompasses protective security,
Chai-Anan Samudavanija
participatory politics and transpa-
rent accountability.
While I agree fully with Sen
that “growth with equity” has not
in fact meaningfully trickled down
to the poor, we have to ask why eco-
nomic growth driven by the mar-
ket is inherently inequitable. The
cause may lie in treating the mar-
ket as the core, and other institu-
tions – cultural, social and politi-
cal – as merely supplementar y
parts. Everywhere in the world,
the problems of the market
economy cannot be addressed by
further institutional supplementa-
tion, but by a rearrangement of
complementary institutions and
their relationships to one another.
Such a rearrangement requires re-
positioning the “People’s Sector”
vis-à-vis the market, so that human
security, participatory politics and
transparent accountability would
have (at least) equal weight. I
think Sen’s vision is still very con-
ventional and, if followed by de-
veloping countries, will jeopardize
their nascent political democra-
cies. Even in mature democracies,
it will promote inequality rather
than growth with equity. As
Jacques Attali rightly points out,
the market economy and demo-
cracy – the twin pillars of Western
civilization – are more likely to un-
dermine than to support one
another. The market economy is
more dynamic than democracy. If
there are no countervailing forces,
market mechanisms and corrup-
tion will eventually replace demo-
cracy, leading to a “market dic-
ˆÒÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
tatorship.” This new kind of dicta-
torship is not political but eco-
nomic in nature.
I think Sen too easily takes the
market for granted and is too op-
timistic about its positive contribu-
tion to humankind. Attali is more
pessimistic. Attali warns that, in
the absence of strong, counter-
vailing democratic institutions,
“political outcomes will be bought
and sold, and the market will rule
every element of public life from
police protection, justice, educa-
tion, and health to the very air we
breathe, paving the way for the
final victory of ‘corporate’ economic
rights over individual human
rights. Under such circumstances,
Western civilization itself is bound
to collapse.”4
In Thailand, the market eco-
nomy is already undermining de-
mocracy largely because the “po-
litical market” is not a free market
in terms of entry and competition.
The 1997 constitution has many
entry barriers for small and me-
dium-sized parties, preventing
their competing with major politi-
cal parties and with vested interest
groups strongly backed by capital.
Fifty years ago, Devid Easton
defined politics as “the authorita-
tive allocation of values in society.”5
Now we are witnessing the decline
of non-economic values in many
Western societies. Industrial and
post-industrial societies have been
too preoccupied with what I call
“value-addification,” at the ex-
pense of preserving cultural and
family values. The market eco-
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

nomy can add economic value, but
sustaining non-economic value is
beyond its capability. We therefore
have to redefine politics, especially
in the globalized multi-dimen-
sional world where economic
values may be universally accepted
but non-economic values are so
diverse and culture-bound.
If we regard the market as
central to humankind’s develop-
ment and democracy as only
supplementary, we cannot meet
such challenges to capitalism as
the persistence of poverty, depri-
vation, unemployment, insecurity,
and environmental depletion. In
fact, to meet these challenges we
need even more than democracy.
We need the “philosophy of
enoughness,” compassion, and a
balanced, middle-path approach
to development, which require not
a new strategy so much as a new
consciousness and ethic. Beyond
national competitiveness is the
spirit of cooperation, the enlight-
ening recognition that enough is
more important than more, and
profit maximization and competi-
tion cannot be the only goals of
development.
I do not want to replace the
market mechanism, but I think we
need to reposition it and use it to
supplement core values such as hu-
man security, participation and
freedom. If development is to be
consiered an expansion of free-
dom – if they are one and the same
– then there is an urgent need to
rethink the appropriate relation-
ships between the market, democ-
racy and development. Globaliza-
tion involves change that pene-
trates deeply, that opens up an
individual’s horizons, aspirations
and expectations. Such change
also creates anxiety, fear and frus-
tration. It is neutral – with both
positive and negative effects. To
trust implicitly in Good Gover-
nance is to downplay its negative
effects on the weakest part of so-
ciety.
References
1. UNCTAD, Press Release October 3,
2000.
2. George Soros. The global capitalist
system in the crisis of global capital-
ism, 1998.
3. Deepark Nayyar. Democracy, markets
and people in the context of globali-
zation. Public Policy 2, No. 1 (Janu-
ary-March 1998) 81.
4. Jacques Attali. The crash of western
civilization: the limits of the market
and democracy. Foreign Policy, sum-
mer 1997, 54-63.
5. David Easton. The political system:
an inquiry into the state of political
science. New York: Alfred Knopf;
1953.

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ ∏√√¡“¿‘∫“≈: °â“«·√° ”À√—∫°“√æ—≤π“ —ß§¡‰∑¬

™—¬Õπ—πµå  ¡ÿ∑«≥‘™
Õÿªπ“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ºŸ‡â ¢’¬π‡ÀÁπ«à“ «‘«“∑–‡°’¬Ë «°—∫º≈°√–∑∫¢Õß‚≈°“¿‘«µ— πå∑¡Ë’ µ’ Õà ∏√√¡“¿‘∫“≈®–‰¡à¡∑’ “ßÀ“¢âÕ √ÿª∑’™Ë ¥— ‡®π‰¥â.
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß√–À«à“ß‚≈°“¿‘«—µπå°—∫∏√√¡“¿‘∫“≈π—ÈπÀ“§”Õ∏‘∫“¬‰¥â¬“°¬‘Ëß æÕÊ °—∫°“√· ¥ß§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å
√–À«à“ß°“√æ—≤π“Õÿµ “À°√√¡°—∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬.
ºŸâ‡¢’¬π™’È«à“ —ߧ¡‰∑¬π—Èπ¡‘„™à —ߧ¡∑’Ë¡’‡Õ°¿“æ À“°¡’ Ú  à«π §◊Õ ¿“§∏ÿ√°‘®‡Õ°™π °—∫ ¿“§‡°…µ√, ·≈–
‚≈°“¿‘«—µπ凪ìπµ—«·∑π¢Õß∏√√¡“¿‘∫“≈‡©æ“–·µà°—∫¿“§∏ÿ√°‘®‡Õ°™π‡∑à“π—Èπ ‚≈°“¿‘«—µπå®÷ß∑”„Àâ√—∞Õ”π“®
π‘¬¡ÕàÕπ·Õ≈ß ·≈–∑”„Àâ√–∫∫°ÆÀ¡“¬„π‚≈°¡’§«“¡°≈¡°≈◊π‡ªìπ¡“µ√∞“π‡¥’¬«°—π. ‚¥¬ √ÿª·≈â« ºŸâπ”
 —ߧ¡§«√Õ“»—¬¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß∑’Ë¥’ ¡“°°«à“∏√√¡“¿‘∫“≈ (À√◊Õ°“√ª°§√Õß∑’Ë¥’) À“°µâÕß°“√¢¬“¬
°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß ·≈– √â“ßæ—π∏¡‘µ√√–À«à“ߧπ√«¬°—∫§π®π, ™“«‡¡◊Õß°—∫™π∫∑, §π∑’Ë∑—π ¡—¬°—∫
ºŸâ∑’ˬ—߬÷¥µ‘¥Õ¬Ÿà°—∫ª√–‡æ≥’¥—È߇¥‘¡. ∏√√¡“¿‘∫“≈®÷߉¥â·°à°“√®—¥°“√∑’Ë¥’ ·µàª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’·π«∑“ß
∑’Ë„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠·°àª√–™“™π¡“°‡ªìπ摇»….  ”À√—∫°“√ª°§√Õß√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·≈â« °ÿ≠·®¥Õ° ”§—≠
¡‘„™à‚≈°“¿‘«—µπå À“°‡ªìπ°“√‡ÀÁπ§ÿ≥§à“·≈–§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß™ÿ¡™π.
§” ”§—≠ : ∏√√¡“¿‘∫“≈, °“√æ—≤π“ —ß§¡‰∑¬

Good Governance : Only the First Step for Thailand

ˆÒÙ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π* «‘…≥ÿ ‡§√◊Õß“¡

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π¢Õß
§«“¡À¡“¬·≈–¢Õ∫‡¢µ¢Õß°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘𠵓¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·Ààß√“™Õ“≥“®—°√‰∑¬ ¡“µ√“ ÚÒ æ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬å
§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ π—È π √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ¡‘ ‰ ¥â
∑√ß·µàßµ—Èß𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’§πÀπ÷Ëß ·≈–√—∞¡πµ√’Õ◊ËπÕ’°‰¡à‡°‘π “¡ ‘∫ ∫—≠≠—µ«‘ “à À¡“¬∂÷ßÕ–‰√ ®–µâÕß∑”‚¥¬
Àⓧπª√–°Õ∫‡ªìπ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π. «‘∏’„¥ ®÷߇ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’˵âÕßÕ“»—¬√–‡∫’¬∫
¢âÕπ’·È  ¥ß«à“ ç§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’é (Council of Ministers À√◊Õ ª√–‡æ≥’«‘∏’ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑’ˇ§¬∑”°—π¡“„π
∑’ˇ√’¬°°—π∑—Ë«‰ª«à“ Cabinet) ¡’Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë„π°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√ √–∫Õ∫°“√ª°§√Õß·∫∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬
·ºàπ¥‘π ´÷Ëß°Á√—∫°—π°—∫¡“µ√“ Ò¯Ú ∑’Ë∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“ ç ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√
·≈–«ÿ≤ ‘ ¿“¡’Õ”π“®§«∫§ÿ¡°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π‚¥¬∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘
Õ—π¡’æ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬å∑√߇ªìπª√–¡ÿ¢
·Ààß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ π’Èé, ‡ªìπÕ—π«à“ΩÉ“¬Àπ÷Ëß∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π Õ’° ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘ßË §◊Õ√–‡∫’¬∫ª√–‡æ≥’
ΩÉ“¬Àπ÷ßË §«∫§ÿ¡°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π. √–∫∫√—∞∫“≈·∫∫√—∞ ¿“ «‘∏’ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑’ˇ§¬„™â„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ §Ÿà‰ª
(Parliamentary System) ¢Õ߉∑¬∑”ß“πª√– “π°—π‡™àππ’È. °—∫∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘¢â“߇§’¬ß∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷߇√◊ËÕß
°“√∑’ Ë ¿“ºŸ·â ∑π√“…Æ√·≈–«ÿ≤ ‘ ¿“®–§«∫§ÿ¡°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√ Õ◊Ëπ, ·µàæÕÕπÿ¡“π‰¥ââ«à“‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕ߇°’ˬ«
·ºàπ¥‘π À√◊Õ§«∫§ÿ¡°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß√—∞∫“≈∑”‰¥âÀ≈“¬«‘∏’¥—ß∑’Ë∫—≠≠—µ‘
‰«â„π¡“µ√“ Ò¯Û-Ò¯˜ °≈à“«§◊Õ ‚¥¬°“√µ—Èß°√–∑Ÿâ∂“¡, ‚¥¬°“√
¢â Õ ß°— ∫ °“√∫√‘ À “√√“™°“√·ºà 𠥑 π
‡ªî¥Õ¿‘ª√“¬∑—«Ë ‰ª‡æ◊ÕË ≈ß¡µ‘‰¡à‰«â«“ß„® ·≈–‚¥¬°“√‡ªî¥Õ¿‘ª√“¬∑—«Ë ‰ª ª√–°Õ∫°— ∫ §«“¡‡ÀÁ π ∑“ß«‘ ™ “°“√,
‚¥¬‰¡à¡’°“√≈ß¡µ‘‡¡◊ËÕ‡ÀÁπ«à“°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π¢Õß√—∞¡πµ√’ ´÷ËßÕ∏‘∫“¬‰¥ââ ¥—ßπ’È
𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’ À√◊Õ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’‡ªìπ‰ª‚¥¬∑ÿ®√‘µ  àÕ‰ª„π∑“ß∑ÿ®√‘µ °“√∫√‘ À “√√“™°“√·ºà 𠥑 π
®ß„®ΩÉ“Ωóπ∫∑∫—≠≠—µ·‘ Ààß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠À√◊Õ°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‰¡à¡ª’ √– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ À¡“¬∂÷ß
‰¡à‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå À√◊Õ·¡â·µà ß —¬„§√à√Ÿâ√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥ À√◊Õ¢—ÈπµÕπ„π
°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√·≈–ª√– ß§å®–„Àâ¡’°“√·∂≈ߢâÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ßÀ√◊Õ™’È·®ß
Ò. °“√°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬„π°“√
ªí≠À“. ª°§√Õߪ√–‡∑» (Policy forma-
§” ”§—≠ : °“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
tion)
√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ¡“µ√“ ÚÒÒ
«√√§Àπ÷Ëß ∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“ ç§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
∑’Ë®–‡¢â“∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π µâÕß
·∂≈ßπ‚¬∫“¬µàÕ√—∞ ¿“‚¥¬‰¡à¡’°“√
*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ò˘ ∏—𫓧¡ æ.». ≈ß¡µ‘§«“¡‰«â«“ß„® ∑—Èßπ’È ¿“¬„π ‘∫
ÚıÙÙ Àâ“«—ππ—∫·µà«π— ‡¢â“√—∫Àπâ“∑’éË .

«‘…≥ÿ ‡§√◊Õß“¡
ˆÒı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
πÕ°®“°π—È π ¡“µ√“ ¯¯
∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“
ç∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘„πÀ¡«¥π’È ¡’‰«â
‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡ªì π ·π«∑“ß ”À√— ∫ °“√µ√“
°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·≈–°“√°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬„π
°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘πé.
„π°“√·∂≈ßπ‚¬∫“¬µàÕ√—∞-
 ¿“ µ“¡¡“µ√“ ÚÒÒ §≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
∑’Ë®–‡¢â“∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π µâÕß
™’È·®ßµàÕ√—∞ ¿“„Àâ™—¥·®âß«à“®–¥”‡π‘π
°“√„¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
„Àâ ‡ ªì 𠉪µ“¡·π«π‚¬∫“¬æ◊È π ∞“π
·Àà ß √— ∞ µ“¡∑’Ë ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ‰ «â „ πÀ¡«¥π’È
·≈–µâ Õ ß®— ¥ ∑”√“¬ß“π· ¥ßº≈°“√
¥”‡π‘π°“√ √«¡∑—ßÈ ªí≠À“·≈–Õÿª √√§
‡ πÕµàÕ√—∞ ¿“ªï≈–Àπ÷Ëߧ√—Èßé.
¢â Õ π’È ·  ¥ß«à “ °“√°”Àπ¥
π‚¬∫“¬«à “ √— ∞ ∫“≈®–∑”ß“π‡√◊Ë Õ ß„¥
Õ¬à“߉√ ¬àÕ¡Õ¬Ÿà„πÕ”π“®¢Õߧ≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’ ´÷ßË ‡√’¬°√«¡Ê °—π«à“ π‚¬∫“¬
„π°“√∫√‘ À “√À√◊ Õ „π°“√ª°§√Õß
ª√–‡∑» ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ„À⥟‡ªìπÀ¡«¥À¡Ÿà
™—¥‡®π¢÷Èπ ®÷ßπ‘¬¡·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ Ú
ª√–‡¿∑¥—ßπ’È
(Ò) √— ∞ ª√–»“ ‚π∫“¬
(Public policy) Õ—π‡ªìππ‚¬∫“¬
°“√ª°§√Õߪ√–‡∑»„π à « π¿“¬„π
´÷Ë ß Õ“®®”·π°≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥≈߉ª‡ªì π
π‚¬∫“¬‡»√…∞°‘ ® π‚¬∫“¬ — ß §¡
π‚¬∫“¬°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß π‚¬∫“¬°“√
ª°§√Õß À√◊ÕÕ◊ËπÊ.
(Ú) √— ∞ «‘ ‡ ∑‚»∫“¬ (Fo-
reign policy) ∑’®Ë √‘ß°Á‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ßË
¢Õß√—∞ª√–»“ ‚π∫“¬ ·µà‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ
«à“‡ªìππ‚¬∫“¬°“√∫√‘À“√∫â“π‡¡◊Õß
„π à«π¿“¬πÕ° À√◊Õ„π à«π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«
°—∫°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑» Õ—πÕ“®Õ¬ŸàπÕ°
‡Àπ◊ Õ ‡Àµÿ · ≈–ªí ® ®— ¬ ¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»
®÷ß¡—°·¬°ÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπÕ’°π‚¬∫“¬Àπ÷ßË
‡™à π π‚¬∫“¬‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√∑” π∏‘
 —≠≠“, °“√‡¢â“‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°Õߧ尓√
√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑», °“√¡’ —¡æ—π∏‰¡µ√’
∑“ß°“√∑Ÿµ°—∫µà“ߪ√–‡∑», °“√∑”
 ß§√“¡.
π‚¬∫“¬¢Õߧ≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’
∑—Èß Ú ª√–‡¿∑π’È Õ“®‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˉ¥â
·∂≈ßµàÕ√—∞ ¿“‰«â·≈â« °àÕπ∑’Ë®–‡¢â“
∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π À√◊Õ°”Àπ¥
¢÷Èπ„À¡à¿“¬À≈—߇ªìπ§√“«Ê ‰ª µ“¡
§«“¡®”‡ªìπ·Ààß°√≥’°Á‰¥â. ·µà∑—Èßπ’È
π‚¬∫“¬¥—ß°≈à“«®–µâÕß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫
∫∑∫—≠≠—µ„‘ πÀ¡«¥ ı ¢Õß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
«à “ ¥â « ¬·π«π‚¬∫“¬æ◊È π ∞“π·Àà ß √— ∞
´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õππ‚¬∫“¬¢Õß√—∞ (state
policy) ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à «à “ §≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ™ÿ ¥
„¥°Áµ“¡®–µâÕß°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬ à«π
¢Õßµπ„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß√Õß√—∫°—π.
∑’¡Ë “¢Õßπ‚¬∫“¬„π°“√∫√‘À“√
À√◊ Õ °“√ª°§√Õߪ√–‡∑» “¡“√∂
· ¥ß‰¥âµ“¡·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë Ò ·≈–®–µâÕß
‰¡à¢—¥µàÕ∑’Ë¡“¥—ß°≈à“«π’È
Ú. °“√¥”‡π‘ π °“√„Àâ ‡ ªì π‰ª
µ“¡π‚¬∫“¬∑’Ë °”Àπ¥ (Policy
implementation)
∂â “ §≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ °”Àπ¥
π‚¬∫“¬·≈â«¡‘‰¥â¡°’ “√≈ß¡◊ժؑ∫µ— °‘ “√
„À⇪ìπ‰ªµ“¡π‚¬∫“¬π—Èπ π‚¬∫“¬°Á
®–‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß·ºàπ°√–¥“…. §”·∂≈ß
π‚¬∫“¬®–¡’º≈‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß«“∑–§”À«“π
∑’ˇª≈à“ª√–‚¬™πå ·¡â®–‰¡à¡’ºŸâ„¥øÑÕß
√â Õ ß¥”‡π‘ 𠧥’ ∑ “ß·æà ß ∑“ßÕ“≠“
À√◊Õ∑“ߪ°§√Õ߇æ◊ËÕ∫—ߧ—∫„ÀâªØ‘∫—µ‘
ˆÒˆ
µ“¡π‚¬∫“¬‰¥â, ·µà§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’Õ“®
µâÕß∂Ÿ°µ”Àπ‘„π∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß ·≈–
Õ“®µâÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ÕßµàÕ
 ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√ À√◊Õ√—∞ ¿“, ‡æ√“–
 ¿“¡’ Õ”π“®§«∫§ÿ ¡ °“√∫√‘ À “√
√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ ®÷ß
Õ“®„™âÕ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß ¿“µ—Èß°√–∑Ÿâ
∂“¡„ÀâµÕ∫, ‡ªî¥Õ¿‘ª√“¬∑—Ë«‰ª„Àâ
™’È·®ß À√◊Õ‡ªî¥Õ¿‘ª√“¬∑—Ë«‰ª„Àâ¡’
°“√´—°∂“¡ ·≈–µ”À𑵑‡µ’¬π °àÕπ∑’Ë
®–𔉪 Ÿà°“√≈ß¡µ‘‰¡à‰«â«“ß„® ·≈–
‡√◊ËÕßÕ“®√⓬·√߬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ À“°√—∞¡πµ√’
°≈—∫ªØ‘∫—µ‘·µ°µà“ßÀ√◊Õµ√ß°—π¢â“¡
°—∫π‚¬∫“¬∑’˵π°”Àπ¥¢÷Èπ‡Õß ¥—ß∑’Ë
¡“µ√“ ÚÒÚ ∫—≠≠—µ«‘ “à ç„π°“√∫√‘À“√
√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π √—∞¡πµ√’µâÕߥ”‡π‘π
°“√µ“¡∫∑∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ · Àà ß √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·≈–π‚¬∫“¬∑’ˉ¥â·∂≈߉«â
µ“¡¡“µ√“ ÚÒÒ ·≈–µâÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫
µà Õ  ¿“ºŸâ · ∑π√“…Æ√„πÀπâ “ ∑’Ë ¢ Õß
µπ, √«¡∑—ÈßµâÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫√à«¡°—π
µàÕ√—∞ ¿“„ππ‚¬∫“¬∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õߧ≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’é.
„π°√≥’∑§Ë’ ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ªØ‘∫µ— ‘
µ“¡π‚¬∫“¬ ·µà√—∞¡πµ√’∫“ߧπ‰¡à
ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡π‚¬∫“¬ πÕ°®“°√—∞¡πµ√’
ºŸâπ—Èπ®–µâÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß
µàÕ ¿“¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ·≈â« ¬—ßµâÕß
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫µàÕ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’¥â«¬, ´÷Ëß
Õ“®π”‰ª Ÿà ° “√ª√— ∫ §≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’
¥â«¬°“√∫—ߧ—∫„Àâ√—∞¡πµ√’≈“ÕÕ°À√◊Õ
°“√„Àâ√—∞¡πµ√’ºŸâπ—ÈπÕÕ° ¥—ß∑’Ë¡“µ√“
ÚÒ˜ ∫—≠≠—µ«‘ “à çæ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬∑å √ß
‰«â´ß÷Ë æ√–√“™Õ”π“®„π°“√„Àâ√∞— ¡πµ√’
æâπ®“°§«“¡‡ªìπ√—∞¡πµ√’µ“¡∑’πË “¬°
√—∞¡πµ√’∂«“¬§”·π–π”é, ´÷Ë߇√◊ËÕß
°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π

√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
À¡«¥ ı
·π«π‚¬∫“¬æ◊Èπ∞“π·Ààß√—∞
(¡“µ√“ ˜Ò-¯˘)
°ÆÀ¡“¬
‡ß◊ËÕπ‡«≈“À√◊Õ‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¡’
°ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥‰«â«“à µâÕߪؑ∫µ— ‘
„Àâ·≈⫇ √Á®∑—π°“√
µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
 π∏‘ —≠≠“À√◊Õ§«“¡µ°≈ß√–À«à“ß
ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„Àâ√—∞∫“≈µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘
‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∫â“π‡¡◊Õß
ªí≠À“∫â“π‡¡◊Õß„π¢≥–π—ÈπÊ ‡™àπ
π‚¬∫“¬¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’∑’ˇ¢â“√—∫Àπâ“∑’Ë
™à«ß‡Àµÿ°“√≥å ß§√“¡‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Õß
 ß§√“¡Õà“«‡ªÕ√凴’¬  ß§√“¡„π
µ–«—πÕÕ°°≈“ß À√◊Õ·¡â·µà‡Àµÿ°“√≥å
¿“¬„𠇙àπ °“√·æ√à√–∫“¥¢Õ߬“∫â“
°“√∑ÿ®√‘µ©âÕ√“…Æ√å∫—ßÀ≈«ß °“√‡°‘¥
«‘°ƒµ‡»√…∞°‘® µâÕߧ”π÷ß∂÷߇Àµÿ°“√≥å
¥—ß°≈à“««à“ ®–°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬·°âªí≠À“
À√◊Õ‡µ√’¬¡√—∫ ∂“π°“√≥åÕ¬à“߉√
π‚¬∫“¬¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’∑’Ë®–·∂≈ßµàÕ
√—∞ ¿“°àÕπ‡¢â“∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë Ò
«‘…≥ÿ ‡§√◊Õß“¡
¿“§°“√‡¡◊Õß
π‚¬∫“¬¢Õßæ√√§°“√‡¡◊Õß∑’‡Ë ªìπ·°ππ”
„π°“√®—¥µ—Èß√—∞∫“≈
π‚¬∫“¬¢Õßæ√√§°“√‡¡◊Õß∑’√Ë «à ¡®—¥µ—ßÈ
‡ªìπ√—∞∫“≈º ¡
¿“§√“™°“√
·ºπæ—≤π“°“√‡»√…∞°‘® ·≈– —ߧ¡
·Ààß™“µ‘
·ºπµà“ßÊ ¢Õß™“µ‘∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà·≈â« ‡™àπ
·ºπ°“√»÷°…“·Ààß™“µ‘ ·ºπ°“√«‘®¬—
·Àààß™“µ‘ ·ºπ√—∞«‘ “À°‘®·Ààß™“µ‘
·ºπ°“√·°âª≠í À“®√“®√·Ààßà ™“µ‘
¿“§ª√–™“™π
°“√µÕ∫ πÕߪí≠À“À“√◊Õ¢âÕ‡√’¬°√âÕß
¢Õߪ√–™“™π ‡™àπ °“√ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√‡¡◊Õß
°“√·°â‰¢√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
°“√®—¥∑’Ë∑”°‘π„Àâ√“…Æ√ °“√·°âªí≠À“
¢Õß ¡—™™“§π®π ªí≠À“®√“®√„π
‡¡◊ÕßÀ≈«ß
π‚¬∫“¬‡©æ“–Àπâ“¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
‡¡◊ËÕ‡º™‘≠°—∫ªí≠À“„π¢≥–π—ÈπÊ
ˆÒ˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
∑”πÕßπ’ȇ§¬‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¡“·≈â«À≈“¬§√—Èß
∑—Èß„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ´÷Ë ß ‰¡à Õ “®Ωó π „®ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡
π‚¬∫“¬¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’‰¥â µâÕߢÕ
≈“ÕÕ°À√◊ÕÕ“®µâÕß„Àâæπâ ®“°µ”·Àπàß
∂â“¢◊πÕ¬Ÿà„πµ”·ÀπàßµàÕ‰ª‚¥¬‰¡à¬Õ¡
≈“ÕÕ°.
„π°√≥’∑’Ë¢â“√“™°“√À√◊Õ‡®â“
Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß√—∞‰¡àªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡π‚¬∫“¬
¢Õߧ≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ Õ“®π”‰ª Ÿà ° “√
‚¬°¬â“¬ ∂Õ¥∂Õπ À√◊Õ¡’§«“¡º‘¥
∑“ß«‘𗬉¥â  ÿ¥·µà§«“¡™—¥·®âß„π°“√
‰¡à πÕßπ‚¬∫“¬ À√◊Õ§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß
π‚¬∫“¬π—πÈ Ê ·≈–√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õßπ‚¬∫“¬
«à“ª√“°Ø‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß§«“¡§‘¥°“√ —ßË °“√
À√◊Õ¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’.
°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√„À⇪ìπ‰ªµ“¡
π‚¬∫“¬À¡“¬§«“¡∂÷ ß °“√°”Àπ¥
∑‘ » ∑“ß·ºπªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ À√◊ Õ ¡“µ√°“√
√Õß√—∫ ·≈–°“√√–¥¡∑√—欓°√ ‡æ◊ËÕ
„Àâπ‚¬∫“¬π—πÈ ¡’º≈®√‘ß®—ß„π∑“ߪؑ∫µ— ‘
‡™àπ ∂â“®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬®–µâÕß
‡ πÕ√à “ ß°ÆÀ¡“¬µà Õ  ¿“À√◊ Õ ÕÕ°
°ÆÀ¡“¬‡ ’¬‡Õß∂â“Õ¬Ÿà„πÕ”π“®¢Õß
§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ‡™àπ °“√ÕÕ°ª√–°“»
°Æ°√–∑√«ß æ√–√“™°ƒ…Æ’°“ æ√–
√“™°”Àπ¥, ∂â “ ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß„™â ‡ ß‘ π
®–µâ Õ ß®— ¥  √√ß∫ª√–¡“≥ À√◊ Õ À“
·À≈à߇ߑπ„Àâ, ∂â“®”‡ªìπµâÕß„™â§π ®–
µâÕß°”Àπ¥Õ—µ√“°”≈—ß„Àâ ·≈–∫√√®ÿ
·µà ß µ—È ß ∫ÿ § ≈“°√∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡√Ÿâ § «“¡
 “¡“√∂, ∂â“®”‡ªìπµâÕߪÑÕß°—π·≈–
ª√“∫ª√“¡ ®–µâÕ߇√àߥ”‡π‘π°“√, ∂â“
®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’‚§√ß°“√√Õß√—∫ ®–µâÕß
‡√àßÕπÿ¡—µ‘‚§√ß°“√·≈–‡ªî¥¥”‡π‘π°“√
‚¥¬‡√Á«.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
Û. °“√·°âªí≠À“µà“ßÊ (Pro-
blem solving)
¡’§”°≈à“««à“ ç√—∞∫“≈π—Èπ¡’
‰«â · °â ªí ≠ À“¢Õߪ√–‡∑»™“µ‘ · ≈–
ª√–™“™πé ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ‡√◊ÕË ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß ‡æ√“–
√—∞∫“≈¡’‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬·∑∫§√∫
§√—π¡“°°«à“Õߧå°√ºŸâ„™âÕ”π“®Õ∏‘ª-
‰µ¬Õ◊ËπÊ Õ—π‰¥â·°à √—∞ ¿“ ·≈–»“≈.
√— ∞ ∫“≈¡’ ‡ ß‘ π (ß∫ª√–¡“≥) ¡’ § π
(‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß√—∞) ¡’‡§√¥‘µÀ√◊Õ§«“¡
πà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊ÕæÕ∑’Ë®–‰ª‡®√®“À√◊Õµ‘¥µàÕ
ª√– “π°—∫‡Õ°™π Õߧå°√µà“ßÊ ¢Õß
√—∞ ·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡™àπ °“√¢Õ·≈°
‡ª≈’ˬπºŸâµâÕßÀ“À√◊Õπ—°‚∑… °“√¢Õ
„Àâª≈àÕ¬µ—«™“«ª√–¡ß À√◊Õ·√ßß“π
‰∑¬∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µà“ߪ√–‡∑»®—∫µ—«‰«â °“√
¢Õ„Àâ ∏ 𓧓√æ“≥‘™ ¬åª ≈àÕ¬ ‘π‡™◊ËÕ
À√◊Õª≈àÕ¬ ‘π‡™◊ËÕ °“√¢Õ„Àâª√–À¬—¥
æ≈—ßß“π °“√¢Õ°Ÿâ‡ß‘π®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
¡’ΩÉ“¬«“ß·ºπÀ√◊ÕΩÉ“¬‡ π“∏‘°“√∑’Ë
®–™à«¬§‘¥«‘∏°’ “√„Àâ ‡™àπ ∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß
¡’ æ √√§°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß, ∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬¡’
Àπ૬ߓπ∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‡™àπ ¡’ ”π—°
ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√°ƒ…Æ’°“·≈– ”π—°
ß“πÕ— ¬ °“√ Ÿ ß  ÿ ¥ , ∑“߇»√…∞°‘ ® ¡’
 ”π— ° ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√æ— ≤ π“°“√
‡»√…∞°‘® ·≈– —ߧ¡·Ààß™“µ‘, °√–∑√«ß
°“√§≈—ß¡’∏𓧓√·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬.
∑“ߧ«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß¡’ ”π—°ß“π ¿“§«“¡
¡—Ë π §ß·Àà ß ™“µ‘ °√–∑√«ß°≈“‚À¡
°√–∑√«ß¡À“¥‰∑¬ °√–∑√«ß°“√
µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ¡’Õ”π“®∑—Èß„π°“√µ√«®
 Õ∫ °“√§âπ °“√®—∫°ÿ¡ °“√ Õ∫ «π
°“√µÕ∫·∑π §ÿ≥ß“¡§«“¡¥’ °“√
æ‘®“√≥“§«“¡º‘¥ ·≈–‚∑…„π√–¥—∫
Àπ÷Ëß ‡™àπ °“√≈ß‚∑…∑“ß«‘π—¬ °“√ —Ëß
øÑÕß °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√—∫∑“ßÕ“≠“.
πÕ°®“°π—Èπ √—∞∫“≈¬—ß¡’ ◊ËÕ ‡™àπ «‘∑¬ÿ
‚∑√∑— » πå , ¡’ Õ”π“®„π°“√ÕÕ°°Æ
√–‡∫’¬∫ §” —ßË ·≈–¡µ‘∫“߇√◊ÕË ß‰¥â‡â Õß,
´÷ßË ‡§√◊ÕË ß¡◊Õ‡À≈à“π’È √—∞ ¿“·≈–»“≈‰¡à¡’
À√◊ÕÀ“°¡’°Á‡ªìπÕ’°√–¥—∫·≈–·π«∑“ß
Àπ÷Ëßµ“¡À≈—°°“√·∫àß·¬°Õ”π“®·≈–
·∫àß·¬°Àπâ“∑’.Ë
¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’ȇÕß „π°“√∫√‘À“√
√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π√—∞∫“≈®÷ßµâÕߪÑÕß°—π
·≈–·°â‰¢ªí≠À“µà“ßÊ ‰¡à«à“®–Õ¬Ÿà„π
¢Õ∫‡¢µπ‚¬∫“¬¢Õß√—∞∫“≈À√◊Õ‰¡à.
ªí≠À“π—πÈ Õ“®¬‘ßË „À≠à¢π“¥‡ªìπªí≠À“
¢Õߪ√–‡∑»·≈–¡’º≈°√–∑∫„π«ß°«â“ß
‡™à 𠧫“¡¬“°®π °“√‰√â ∑’Ë ∑”°‘ π
°“√∑ÿ ® √‘ µ ©â Õ √“…Æ√å ∫— ß À≈«ß °“√
·æ√à√–∫“¥¢Õ߬“‡ æµ‘¥ ‚√§‡Õ™‰Õ«’,
À√◊ Õ Õ“®‡ªì π ªí ≠ À“¢ÕߺŸâ ‡ ¥◊ Õ ¥√â Õ π
‡©æ“–°≈ÿ¡à ‡™àπ ºŸ‰â ¥â√∫— º≈°√–∑∫®“°
°“√∂Ÿ°‡«π§◊π ºŸâ‰¥â√—∫º≈°√–∑∫®“°
°“√«“ß∑àÕ°ä“´ºà“πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë ®π„π∑’Ë ÿ¥
Õ“®‡ªìπªí≠À“‡©æ“–√“¬„¥√“¬Àπ÷Ëß
°Á‰¥â ‡™àπ ºŸâ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß√—∞ À√◊Õ
ºŸâ ¡’ Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈¢à ¡ ‡Àß. ·µà „ π°“√·°â
ªí≠À“‡™àπ«à“π’È √—∞∫“≈Õ“®‡≈◊Õ°„™â«‘∏’
°“√µ“¡π‚¬∫“¬¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’°‰Á ¥â
‡™àπ ·∑π∑’®Ë –‡ªìπ°“√·°âª≠ í À“‡©æ“–
√“¬À√◊Õ‡©æ“–°≈ÿ¡à °≈“¬‡ªìπ«à“µâÕß·°â
∑—Èß√–∫∫.
Ù. °“√∫—ߧ—∫°“√„À⇪ìπ‰ªµ“¡
°ÆÀ¡“¬ (Law enforcement)
√—∞ ¿“‡ªìπºŸ¡â Õ’ ”π“®Àπâ“∑’„Ë π
°“√ÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·µà°ÆÀ¡“¬‡À≈à“
π—È π °Á ‡ ªì π ‡À¡◊ Õ π°√–¥“…„πÀπ— ß  ◊ Õ
√“™°‘®®“πÿ‡∫°…“ À√◊ÕÕ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’ºŸâ
‡ª√’¬∫‡ª√¬«à“‡ªìπ 笗°…剡ࡰ’ √–∫Õßé
ˆÒ¯
À√◊Õ‡ªìπ 燠◊Õ°√–¥“…é ®”‡ªìπµâÕß
¡’ Õ ß§å ° √‡¢â “ ¡“®— ¥ °“√„Àâ ∫— ß ‡°‘ ¥ º≈
®√‘ß®—ßµ“¡∑’°Ë ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥. Õ”π“®
„π°“√®—¥°“√‡™àππ’È ‡√’¬°«à“ ç°“√∫—ß
§—∫°“√„À⇪ìπ‰ªµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬é ´÷Ëß
‡ªì π Õ”π“®Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ¢ Õߧ≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’
‡™à π √— ∞  ¿“ÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬„Àâ ®— ¥ µ—È ß
°Õß∑ÿπ ß‡§√“–Àå§π«à“ßß“π¢÷Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕ
°ÆÀ¡“¬¡’º≈·≈â« °Õß∑ÿπ°Á‰¡à “¡“√∂
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â ∂â“√—∞∫“≈‰¡àÀ“‡ß‘π¡“„ à„π
°Õß∑ÿπ ‰¡à·µàßµ—È߇®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë°Õß∑ÿπ
‰¡àÀ“Õ“§“√ ∂“π∑’„Ë Àâ°Õß∑ÿπ ‰¡àÕÕ°
°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫µà“ßÊ ¡“√Õß√—∫°Õß∑ÿπ,
À√◊Õ√—∞ ¿“ÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“ Àâ“¡¢—∫
√∂„π¢≥–¡÷π‡¡“ ÿ√“®π∂÷ߢπ“¥Àπ÷Ëß
∑—Èßπ’ȇæ◊ËÕ√—°…“§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π∑âÕß
∂ππ. ‡¡◊ËÕ°ÆÀ¡“¬¡’º≈·≈â« §«“¡
ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π∑âÕß∂ππµ“¡∑’ËΩÉ“¬π‘µ‘-
∫—≠≠—µ§‘ ¥‘ °Á¬ß— ‰¡à‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ∂â“√—∞∫“≈‰¡à
ÕÕ°°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫°”Àπ¥¢π“¥ª√‘¡“≥
¢Õß ÿ√“∑’ÀË “â ¡¥◊¡Ë °àÕπÀ√◊Õ¢≥–¢—∫√∂,
‰¡à ßà „À⇮â“Àπâ“∑’µË ”√«®ÕÕ°µ√«®µ√“,
‰¡à®—¥À“‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ«—¥ª√‘¡“≥ ÿ√“„Àâ
µ”√«®.  ‘Ëßµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë√—∞∫“≈µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘
π’ȇÕß∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ °“√∫—ߧ—∫°“√„À⇪ìπ
‰ªµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬. ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ ”§—≠„π
°“√∫—ߧ—∫°“√„À⇪ìπ‰ªµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬
§◊ Õ ‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ¢ Õß√— ∞ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
‡®â“Àπâ“∑’˵”√«® ·≈–æπ—°ß“πÕ—¬°“√
´÷ßË ‡ªìπ°≈‰°À√◊Õ°√–∫«π°“√¬ÿµ∏‘ √√¡
¢—Èπµâπ°àÕπ∑’Ë®– àß„À⻓≈Õ—π‡ªìπΩÉ“¬
µÿ≈“°“√√—∫‰ª¥”‡π‘π°“√ ·≈–·¡â
ΩÉ“¬µÿ≈“°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√‡ √Á®·≈â« ‡™àπ
æ‘æ“°…“„Àâ®”§ÿ°®”‡≈¬ ª√—∫®”‡≈¬
ª√–À“√™’ «‘ µ ®”‡≈¬ À√◊ Õ ¬÷ ¥ ∑√— æ ¬å
®”‡≈¬¡“™”√–Àπ’È ∂â“√—∞∫“≈‰¡à√—∫
°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π

¡“¥”‡π‘π°“√µàÕ ®”‡≈¬°Á‰¡à∂Ÿ°®”§ÿ°
ª√—∫ ª√–À“√™’«‘µ À√◊Õ∂Ÿ°¬÷¥∑√—æ¬å,
®÷ßµâÕßÕ“»—¬‡ß◊ÈÕ¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßΩÉ“¬∫√‘À“√
À√◊Õ√—∞∫“≈‡¢â“¡“∫—ߧ—∫°“√Õ’°‡™àπ°—π.
À≈—°„π°“√∫—ߧ—∫°“√„À⇪ìπ
‰ªµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬¢Õß√—∞∫“≈§◊Õ
(Ò) µââÕ߉¡àà≈à“™â“
(Ú) µâÕ߉¡à‡≈◊Õ°ªØ‘∫µ— ‘ (dis-
crimination)
(Û) µâÕ߉¡ààªØ‘∫—µ‘πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ
À√◊Õ‡°‘π‡≈¬‰ª®“°Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’˵“¡
∑’°Ë ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥ (ultra vires)
(Ù) µâ Õ ß‰¡à ≈ –‡≈¬ ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ° Æ
À¡“¬°”Àπ¥„ÀâµâÕß∑” (omission)
(ı) µâ Õ ß‰¡à °à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ §«“¡
‡ ’¬À“¬·°à√“…Æ√‚¥¬‰¡à®”‡ªìπÀ√◊Õ
‰¡à‡ªìπ∏√√¡ (undue injury)
(ˆ) µâ Õ ß‰¡à ¢— ¥ µà Õ °ÆÀ¡“¬
(illegality)
(˜) µâÕ߉¡à∑®ÿ √‘µ (bad faith)
„π√–¬–À≈—ß¡“π’È ¡’°“√°”Àπ¥
À≈— ° „π‡™‘ ß ∫— ß §— ∫ ‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π Õ’ ° ¢â Õ «à “
µâÕ߇ªìπ‰ªµ“¡À≈—°«‘∏’°“√ª°§√Õß∑’Ë
¥’À√◊Õ∏√√¡“¿‘∫“≈ (good gover-
nance) Õ’°¥â«¬ °≈à“«§◊ÕµâÕß™Õ∫¥â«¬
°ÆÀ¡“¬ µâÕß‚ª√àß„  µ√«® Õ∫‰¥â
·≈–µâÕß¡’ à«π√à«¡®“°ºŸâ‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß·≈–
ª√–™“™πµ“¡ ¡§«√.
„π°√≥’∑’Ë√—∞∫“≈∫—ߧ—∫°“√„Àâ
‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬‚¥¬‰¡à Õ¥§≈âÕß
°—∫À≈—°¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ Õ“®‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ
„ÀâµâÕß√—∫º‘¥„π∑“ß·æàß ∑“ßÕ“≠“
Õ“®∂Ÿ°øÑÕß√âÕßµàÕ»“≈ª°§√Õß À√◊Õ
Õ“®∂Ÿ ° µ√«® Õ∫®“°Õß§å ° √µ“¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ ‡™àπ ºŸâµ√«®°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
¢Õß√—∞ ¿“ §≥–°√√¡°“√µ√«®‡ß‘π
«‘…≥ÿ ‡§√◊Õß“¡
·ºàπ¥‘π §≥–°√√¡°“√ªÑÕß°—π·≈–
ª√“∫ª√“¡°“√∑ÿ®√‘µ·Ààß™“µ‘, Õ“®∂Ÿ°
ª√–™“™π‡¢â“™◊ËÕ¢Õ„Àâ¡’°“√æ‘®“√≥“
∂Õ¥∂Õπ®“°µ”·Àπàß ·≈–Õ“®µâÕß
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ÕßµàÕ ¿“‰¥â.
°√–∫«π°“√„π°“√∫√‘ À “√
√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
‡¡◊ËÕ°≈à“«∂÷ß°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√
·ºàπ¥‘π¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ Õ“®∑”„Àâ
‡ÀÁπ‡©æ“–¿“æ°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß√—∞¡πµ√’
®”π«π‰¡à‡°‘π Ûˆ §π ∑’˪√–°Õ∫°—π
¢÷πÈ ‡ªìπ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’µ“¡¡“µ√“ Ò¯Ú.
·µà§«“¡®√‘ß°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß√—∞¡πµ√’
§π„¥§πÀπ÷Ëß°Á‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß°“√
∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π¥â«¬ ¥—ß∑’Ë
¡“µ√“ ÚÒÚ ∫—≠≠—µ«‘ “à ç„π°“√∫√‘À“√
√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π √—∞¡πµ√’ µâÕߥ”‡π‘π
°“√µ“¡∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘·Ààß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠,
°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·≈–π‚¬∫“¬∑’ˉ¥â·∂≈߉«â
µ“¡¡“µ√“ ÚÒÒ ·≈–µâÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫
µàÕ ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√ „πÀπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß
µπ √«¡∑—ÈßµâÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫√à«¡°—πµàÕ
√— ∞  ¿“„ππ‚¬∫“¬∑—Ë « ‰ª¢Õߧ≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’é. ¢âÕπ’È· ¥ß«à“√—∞¡πµ√’
·µà≈–§πµâÕß¡’§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‡©æ“–
µ—«„πÀπâ“∑’¢Ë Õßµπ„π∑”πÕ߇√◊ÕË ß¢Õß
„§√‡√◊ÕË ß¢Õߧππ—πÈ (separate respon-
sibility) ·≈–¡’ § «“¡√— ∫ º‘ ¥ ™Õ∫
√à«¡°—π∑—ßÈ §≥– (common responsi-
bility) „π∑”πÕß çª≈“¢âÕ߇¥’¬«°—πé.
πÕ°®“°π—Èπ °“√∑’Ë√—∞¡πµ√’·µà≈–§π
Õ“®∂Ÿ° ¡“™‘° ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√‡¢â“
™◊ËÕ‡ πÕ≠—µµ‘ ¢Õ‡ªî¥Õ¿‘ª√“¬∑—Ë«‰ª
‡æ◊ÕË ≈ß¡µ‘‰¡à‰«â«“ß„®‡ªìπ√“¬∫ÿ§§≈‰¥â
Õ—π‡ªìπ¡“µ√°“√Àπ÷Ëß„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡
ˆÒ˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π °Á¬‘Ë߇ªìπ
°“√¬◊π¬—π«à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß√—∞¡πµ√’
·µà≈–§π‡ªìπ°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷ßË .
¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ
¥‘π®÷ß°√–∑”‰¥â Û °√–∫«π°“√ ¥—ßπ’È
Ò. °“√∫√‘ À “√√“™°“√·ºà 𠥑 π
‚¥¬§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
Ú. °“√∫√‘ À “√√“™°“√·ºà 𠥑 π
‚¥¬π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’
Û. °“√∫√‘ À “√√“™°“√·ºà 𠥑 π
‚¥¬√—∞¡πµ√’
Ò. °“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
‚¥¬§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ‡¡◊ÕË §≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
®–µâÕß∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π√à«¡°—π
®÷߉¡à¡’∑“ß„¥∑’Ë®–∑”‰¥â¥’‰ª°«à“°“√
®—¥„Àâ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’¡“ª√–™ÿ¡æ√âÕ¡°—π
‡æ◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“·≈–«‘π‘®©—¬ªí≠À“À√◊Õ
§”¢Õµà“ßÊ √à«¡°—π. ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È°“√
ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’®ß÷ ‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ °≈à“«
Õ’°π—¬Àπ÷Ëß °Á§◊Õ °“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√
·ºà 𠥑 π ‚¥¬§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ° √–∑”„π
√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß°“√ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
π—Ëπ‡Õß, ´÷Ëß°“√ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
¢Õ߉∑¬ ¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥∑’˧«√∑√“∫
¥—ßπ’È
(Ò) ºŸâ √— ∫ º‘ ¥ ™ Õ ∫ ° “ √
ª√–™ÿ¡ „π·µà≈–ª√–‡∑» ®–¡’°“√
®—¥µ—ÈßÀπ૬ߓπ¢÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫
¿“√°‘ ® ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ §≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’ ‡√’¬°«à“ ç ”π—°‡≈¢“∏‘°“√
§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’é À√◊ÕÕ“®‡√’¬°™◊ËÕÕ¬à“ß
Õ◊Ëπ. Àπ૬ߓππ’È√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫∫√√¥“
‡Õ° “√∑—È ß À≈“¬∑’Ë ® –‡ πÕ‡¢â “  Ÿà ∑’Ë
ª√–™ÿ¡ °“√‡ πÕ§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·≈–¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπª√–°Õ∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“ °“√
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
ÕÕ°Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡™‘≠ª√–™ÿ¡ °“√®—¥Õ“§“√
 ∂“π∑’Ë · ≈– ‘Ë ß Õ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°
√–À«à “ ß°“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ °“√®¥∫— π ∑÷ °
√“¬ß“π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ °“√®¥¡µ‘ ·≈–
°“√·®âß¡µ‘‰ª¬—ßÀπ૬ߓπ∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕß.
„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬Àπ૬ߓπ∑’√Ë ∫— º‘¥™Õ∫
¥— ß °≈à “ «§◊ Õ  ”π— ° ‡≈¢“∏‘ ° “√§≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’ ´÷ËßπÕ°®“°®–¡’¿“√°‘®‡°’ˬ«
°— ∫ °“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ §≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ · ≈â «
¬—ßµâÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„πß“πÕ◊ËπÊ ∑’˵âÕß
°√–∑”À√◊ Õ ¥”‡π‘ π °“√„ππ“¡¢Õß
√—∞∫“≈Õ’°¥â«¬ ‡™àπ °“√ª√– “πß“π
√–À«à “ ߧ≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ °— ∫ √— ∞  ¿“„π
°“√ àß√à“ßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘‰ª„Àâ À√◊Õ
√—∫√à“ßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘¡“¥”‡π‘π°“√
µàÕ‰ª °“√ª√– “πß“π√–À«à“ߧ≥–
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ °— ∫  ”π— ° √“™‡≈¢“∏‘ ° “√„π
°“√ à߇√◊ËÕ߉ª∑Ÿ≈‡°≈â“œ ∂«“¬‡æ◊ËÕπ”
§«“¡°√“∫∫—ߧ¡∑Ÿ≈æ√–°√ÿ≥“ À√◊Õ
√—∫æ√–√“™°√–· ·≈–æ√–∫√¡√“™-
‚Õß°“√¡“¥”‡π‘ π °“√ µ≈Õ¥®π
‡ªì π Àπà « ¬ß“π∑’Ë ‡ °Á ∫ √— ° …“¥Ÿ · ≈æ√–
√“™≈—≠®°√·≈–µ√“·ºàπ¥‘πµà“ßÊ.
ªí®®ÿ∫π—  ”π—°‡≈¢“∏‘°“√
§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’‡ªìπÀπ૬ߓπ√–¥—∫°√¡
 —ß°—¥ ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’ ¡’‡≈¢“∏‘°“√
§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ¢â “ √“™°“√
æ≈‡√◊Õπ “¡—≠ ‡ªìπºŸâ∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“¢â“
√“™°“√·≈–√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘
√“™°“√¢÷È π µ√ßµà Õ π“¬°√— ∞ ¡πµ√’
 ”π—°‡≈¢“∏‘°“√§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’¡Õ’ ”π“®
Àπâ“∑’Ë¥—ß∑’Ë¡“µ√“ ÒÙ ·Ààßæ√–√“™-
∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ √ –‡∫’ ¬ ∫¢â “ √“™°“√æ≈‡√◊ Õ π
æ.». ÚıÛÙ ∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“ ç ”π—°‡≈¢“-
∏‘ ° “√§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ¡’ Õ”π“®Àπâ “ ∑’Ë
‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ √“™°“√¢Õߧ≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’
√—∞ ¿“·≈–√“™°“√„πæ√–Õߧåé.
(Ú)  ∂“π∑’ªË √–™ÿ¡ °“√
ª√–™ÿ ¡ ®–„™â   ∂“π∑’Ë „ ¥¬à Õ ¡‡ªì 𠉪
µ“¡∑’πË “¬°√—∞¡πµ√’À√◊Õ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
°”Àπ¥. ª√°µ‘ · ≈â « ®–®— ¥ ª√–™ÿ ¡
¿“¬„π∫√‘ ‡ «≥∑”‡π’ ¬ ∫√— ∞ ∫“≈ ·µà
∫“ߧ√—ÈßÕ“®®—¥ª√–™ÿ¡πÕ° ∂“π∑’ˉ¥â
‡™àπ  ¡—¬®Õ¡æ≈  ƒ…¥‘Ï ∏π–√—™µå
‡§¬¡’°“√®—¥ª√–™ÿ¡∑’Ë∫â“πæ—°√—∫√Õß
·À≈¡·∑à π ∫“ß· π,  ¡— ¬ æ≈‡Õ°
™“µ‘™“¬ ™ÿ≥À–«—≥ ‡§¬®—¥ª√–™ÿ¡∑’Ë
®—ßÀ«—¥ ß¢≈“ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ·≈–¢Õπ·°àπ,
 ¡—¬æ≈‡Õ° ™«≈‘µ ¬ß„®¬ÿ∑∏ ‡§¬®—¥
∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥π§√√“™ ’¡“·≈–‡™’¬ß√“¬,
 ¡—¬æ—πµ”√«®‚∑ ∑—°…‘≥ ™‘π«—µ√ ‡§¬
®—¥∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à·≈–»√’ –‡°….
Õπ÷Ë ß °“√∫√‘ À “√√“™°“√
·ºà 𠥑 π ‚¥¬§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ Õ “®‰¡à ®— ¥
„π≈—°…≥–¢Õß°“√ª√–™ÿ¡°Á‰¥â ‚¥¬
„™â«∏‘ ‡’ «’¬π‡Õ° “√¢Õ¡µ‘‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫·∑π.
„π°√≥’‡™àππ’°È ®Á –‰¡à¡°’ “√ª√–™ÿ¡.
(Û) «—π‡«≈“ª√–™ÿ¡ «—π
‡«≈“ª√–™ÿ¡¬àÕ¡‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡∑’Ë𓬰
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ °”Àπ¥. ª√°µ‘ · ≈â « ®–®— ¥
ª√–™ÿ¡„π«—π՗ߧ“√‡«≈“‡™â“ ‡æ√“–
«—πæÿ∏ «—πæƒÀ— ∫¥’ ¡—°‡ªìπ«—πª√–™ÿ¡
 ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√ ·≈–«—π»ÿ°√凪ìπ«—π
ª√–™ÿ¡«ÿ≤ ‘ ¿“ «—π‡ “√å «—πÕ“∑‘µ¬å¡°—
‡ªìπ«—π∑’˧≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ÕÕ°‰ªªØ‘∫—µ‘
√“™°“√„πµà“ß®—ßÀ«—¥ «—π®—π∑√凪ìπ
«—π·√°∑’ˇ¢â“°√–∑√«ßµ√«® Õ∫‡√◊ËÕß
√“«µà“ßÊ. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ‚Õ°“ ·√° ÿ¥∑’Ë®–
ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’‰¥â §◊Õ«—π՗ߧ“√.
(Ù) √—∞¡πµ√’∑’ˇ¢â“ª√–™ÿ¡
‡¡◊ËÕ°“√ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’‡ªìπ°“√
∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–
ˆÚ
√—∞¡πµ√’∑ÿ°§πµâÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫√à«¡°—π
„ππ‚¬∫“¬∑—Ë « ‰ª¢Õߧ≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’
¥— ß π—È π √— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ∑ÿ ° §πµâ Õ ß¡’ ‚ Õ°“ 
‡¢â“√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ
·≈–ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß≈ß¡µ‘ ·≈–·¡â√∞— ¡πµ√’§π
„¥®–‰¡à¡“ª√–™ÿ¡ √—∞¡πµ√’π—Èπ°ÁµâÕß
∂Ÿ°ºŸ°æ—πµ“¡¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’¥â«¬,
‡§¬¡’§«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë®–®”°—¥®”π«πºŸâ‡¢â“
√à « ¡ª√–™ÿ ¡ §≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ „ Àâ πâ Õ ¬≈ß
‡™à𠇙‘≠‡©æ“–ºŸâ‡ªìπ√—∞¡πµ√’«à“°“√
·µà‚¥¬√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß√–∫∫√—∞ ¿“·≈–∫∑
∫—≠≠—µ‘¢Õß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·≈⫉¡àÕ“®∑”
‡™àππ—Èπ‰¥â.
(ı) ‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˇ¢â“ Ÿà∑’˪√–™ÿ¡
§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë ® –‡¢â “  Ÿà ∑’Ë
ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’¡’À≈“¬ª√–‡¿∑
¥—ßπ’È
ı.Ò ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬
°”Àπ¥«à“µâÕ߇ πÕ¢Õ§«“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫
®“°§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’°àÕπ.
ı.Ú ‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë ¡’ ¡ µ‘ § ≥–
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ °”Àπ¥«à “ „Àâ 𔇠πÕ§≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’.
ı.Û ‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë π “¬°√— ∞ -
¡πµ√’ ßË— °“√„Àâ𔇠πÕ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’.
ı.Ù ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ‡ ¢â “
≈—°…≥–¢â“ßµâπ ·µà√—∞¡πµ√’‡ÀÁπ«à“¡’
§«“¡ ”§— ≠  ¡§«√‡ πÕ„Àâ § ≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’√—∫∑√“∫ À√◊Õ ¡§«√√—∫øíß
§«“¡‡ÀÁπ¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’.
ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π °“√ª√–™ÿ ¡
§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’¡—°„™â‡«≈“¡“°‡æ√“–¡’
‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë ® –µâ Õ ß𔇠πÕ§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’
¡“°‡°‘π‰ª ·¡â‡√◊ËÕ߇∫Á¥‡µ≈Á¥‡≈Á°πâÕ¬
À√◊Õ‰¡à Ÿâ®–¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠π—° °Á¡—°¡’
°ÆÀ¡“¬À√◊Õ¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’. ·µà
°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π

‡¥‘ ¡ °”Àπ¥„Àâ µâ Õ ß𔇠πÕ§≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’˧«√ª√—∫ª√ÿß
·°â‰¢°ÆÀ¡“¬·≈–√–‡∫’¬∫ªØ‘∫—µ‘„π
‚Õ°“ µàÕ‰ª.
(ˆ) ·π«∑“ß°“√≈¥¿“√–
¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ‡æ◊ÕË ‰¡à„Àâ§≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’µâÕ߇ ’¬‡«≈“ª√–™ÿ¡ª√÷°…“
‡√◊ËÕ߇∫Á¥‡µ≈Á¥‡≈Á°πâÕ¬µà“ßÊ ¡“°‡°‘π
‰ª ®÷ ß Õ“®¡’ · π«∑“ß≈¥¿“√–¥— ß
°≈à“«‰¥â ¥—ßπ’È
ˆ.Ò ®— ¥ ‡Õ“‡√◊Ë Õ ß‡∫Á ¥ -
‡µ≈Á¥‡≈Á°πâÕ¬∫“߇√◊ËÕ߇ªìπ‡√◊ËÕ߇ πÕ
§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ∑√“∫¡‘ „ ™à ‡ æ◊Ë Õ
æ‘®“√≥“.
ˆ.Ú ‡√◊Ë Õ ß„¥¡‘ „ ™à ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß
∑“ßπ‚¬∫“¬ À√◊Õ¡’√–‡∫’¬∫ªØ‘∫µ— ‡‘ ªìπ
ª√°µ‘Õ¬Ÿà·≈â« À√◊Õ à«π√“™°“√µà“ßÊ
„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—π Õ“®‡ πÕ
‡√◊Ë Õ ßπ—È π „Àâ 𠓬°√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ À √◊ Õ √Õß
𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫‰ª°àÕπ ·≈â«
‡ πÕ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕ߇æ◊ËÕ∑√“∫
„π¿“¬À≈—ß°Á‰¥â, À“°§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
‡ÀÁπ«à“‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß„À≠à À√◊Õ‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬
°—∫°“√∑’Ë„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫‰ª·≈â« °Á
Õ“®¬°¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕßæ‘®“√≥“‰¥â.
ˆ.Û ‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë ‡  πÕ§≥–
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ µâ Õ ß¡’ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ª√–°Õ∫°“√
µ—¥ ‘π„®∑’˧√∫§√—π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–¢âÕ‡∑Á®
®√‘ßµâÕ߬ÿµ‘ ¢âÕ°ÆÀ¡“¬µâÕß™—¥·®âß
«à“∑”‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à‰¥â º‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬À√◊Õ‰¡à.
§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ® –µ— ¥  ‘ π „®‡∑à “ π—È π «à “
§«√‡≈◊ Õ °∑“߇≈◊ Õ °„¥ ¡‘ „ ™à „ Àâ § ≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’¡“µ√«® Õ∫¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß„À¡à
À√◊ Õ ∂°‡∂’ ¬ ߪí ≠ À“µà “ ßÊ „π∑“ß
‡∑§π‘§.
ˆ.Ù µâ Õ ß„Àâ § ≥–√— ∞ -
«‘…≥ÿ ‡§√◊Õß“¡
¡πµ√’ ¡’ ‚ Õ°“ ‰¥â √— ∫ ‡Õ° “√°“√
ª√–™ÿ¡≈à«ßÀπ⓵“¡ ¡§«√ ‡æ◊ËÕ®–
‰¥â»÷°…“ªí≠À“·≈–∑“߇≈◊Õ°µà“ßÊ.
(˜) ‡§√◊ÕË ß¡◊Õª√–°Õ∫°“√
µ—¥ ‘π„®¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ‡§√◊ËÕß
¡◊Õ∑’Ë ”§—≠ ”À√—∫ª√–°Õ∫°“√µ—¥ ‘π
„®¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ¡’¥—ßπ’È
˜.Ò §”¢Õµâ Õ ß™— ¥ ‡®π
«à“ Àπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ πÕ‡√◊ËÕ߇¢â“¡“µâÕß
°“√„Àâ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’∑”Õ–‰√.
˜.Ú ¢â Õ ‡∑Á ® ®√‘ ß µâ Õ ß
™—¥‡®π«à“‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˇ πÕ¡“π—Èπ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß
Õ–‰√ ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ¡“Õ¬à“߉√ ‡§¬ªØ‘∫µ— ‘
°—π¡“Õ¬à“߉√ ∂Ⓡ§¬ªØ‘∫—µ‘¡“·≈â«
‡Àµÿ„¥®÷ߥ”√‘®–¢ÕÕπÿ≠“µÀ√◊ÕÕπÿ¡—µ‘
„π§√—Èßπ’È.
˜.Û ¢â Õ °ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë ® –
¬°¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ¢âÕ π—∫ πÿπµâÕß™—¥‡®π.
˜.Ù §«“¡‡ÀÁπª√–°Õ∫
µâ Õ ß™— ¥ ‡®π  ”π— ° ‡≈¢“∏‘ ° “√§≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’µâÕߢէ«“¡‡ÀÁπ®“°Àπ૬
ß“π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß„Àâæ√âÕ¡·≈–√“¬ß“π
§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’∑√“∫ ‡™àπ ∂ⓧ”¢Õ¡’
≈— ° …≥–‡ªì π °“√¢Õß∫ª√–¡“≥
¥”‡π‘π°“√ µâÕß¡’°“√¢Õ§«“¡‡ÀÁπ
®“° ”π—°ß∫ª√–¡“≥·≈–°√–∑√«ß
°“√§≈—ß ∂ⓧ”¢Õ¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ°“√
¢ÕÕπÿ¡—µ‘‚§√ß°“√∑“߇»√…∞°‘®À√◊Õ
·ºπ°“√≈ß∑ÿ π µâ Õ ß¡’ ° “√¢Õ§«“¡
‡ÀÁ π ®“° ”π— ° ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√
æ—≤π“°“√‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡·Ààß™“µ‘
∂Ⓡ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß µâÕߢÕ
§«“¡‡ÀÁ π ®“° ”π— ° ß“π ¿“§«“¡
¡—Ëπ§ß·Ààß™“µ‘.
˜.ı ∂â “ ªí ≠ À“¡’ § «“¡
´—∫´âÕπ·≈–µâÕß„™â‡«≈“æ‘®“√≥“¡“°
ˆÚÒ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
Õ“®¡’ ° “√µ—È ß §≥–°√√¡°“√‰ª°≈—Ë π
°√ÕßÀ√◊ Õ µ√«® Õ∫‡ ’ ¬ ™—È π Àπ÷Ë ß
°àÕπ∑’Ë®–‡ πÕ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’°Á‰¥â. ¢âÕ
π’ȇªìπ∑’Ë¡“¢Õß°“√µ—Èߧ≥–°√√¡°“√
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ‡ »√…∞°‘ ® §≥–°√√¡°“√
°≈—πË °√Õ߇√◊ÕË ß‡ πÕ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ À√◊Õ
§≥–°√√¡°“√‡©æ“–°‘®∫“ßÕ¬à“ß„π
∫“ß ¡—¬.
(¯) «“√–°“√ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ «“√–°“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ §≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’¡—°¡’≈”¥—∫ ¥—ßπ’È
¯.Ò «“√–ª√–∏“π·®âß
µàÕ∑’˪√–™ÿ¡
¯.Ú «“√–°“√∫√√¬“¬
 √ÿª ∂“π°“√≥åµà“ß (∂â“¡’)
¯.Û «“√–‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√
ª√–™ÿ¡ ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√·≈–«ÿ≤‘ ¿“
(∂â“Õ¬Ÿà„π√–À«à“ß ¡—¬ª√–™ÿ¡)
¯.Ù «“√–‡æ◊ËÕ∑√“∫
¯.ı «“√–‡æ◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“
¯.ˆ «“√–Õ◊Ë π Ê ‡™à π
°“√À“√◊Õªí≠À“ ”§—≠´÷ËßÕ“®®—¥‡ªìπ
°“√ª√–™ÿ¡≈—∫.
(˘) ¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ¡µ‘
§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ §◊Õº≈®“°°“√æ‘®“√≥“
·≈–°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’„π
ªí≠À“µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¡’°“√‡ πÕ¡“ À√◊Õ¡’
ºŸâ¬°¢÷Èπ„Àâæ‘®“√≥“ ´÷ËßÕ“®‡ªìπ¡µ‘√—∫
∑√“∫ ‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫ Õπÿ≠“µ Õπÿ¡µ— ‘  —ßË °“√
À√◊Õ¡’º≈„π∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡°Á‰¥â.
¡µ‘ § ≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ‰ ¡à „ ™à
°ÆÀ¡“¬„πµ—«‡Õß ·µàÕ“®‡ªìπ°“√ÕÕ°
°ÆÀ¡“¬°Á‰¥â ‡™àπ °“√„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ
™Õ∫√à “ ßæ√–√“™°ƒ…Æ’ ° “ √à “ ß°Æ
°√–∑√«ß À√◊Õ·¡â·µà°“√„ÀâÕÕ°æ√–
√“™°”Àπ¥.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
ª√°µ‘ · ≈â « ¡µ‘ § ≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’®–¡’º≈ºŸ°æ—π‡©æ“–‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë
¢Õß√— ∞ „πΩÉ “ ¬∫√‘ À “√‡∑à “ π—È π ¥— ß ∑’Ë
¡“µ√“ ¯ı ·Àà ß æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘
√–‡∫’ ¬ ∫¢â “ √“™°“√æ≈‡√◊ Õ π æ.».
ÚıÛı ∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“ ç¢â“√“™°“√æ≈-
‡√◊Õπ “¡—≠µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘Àπâ“∑’Ë√“™°“√
„À⇪ìπ‰ªµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬ √–‡∫’¬∫¢Õß
∑“ß√“™°“√ ¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ·≈–
π‚¬∫“¬¢Õß√—∞∫“≈ ‚¥¬‰¡à„À⇠’¬À“¬
·°à√“™°“√ °“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘Àπâ“∑’Ë√“™°“√
‚¥¬®ß„®‰¡à ª Ø‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡°ÆÀ¡“¬
√–‡∫’ ¬ ∫¢Õß∑“ß√“™°“√ ¡µ‘ § ≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’ À√◊Õπ‚¬∫“¬¢Õß√—∞∫“≈ Õ—π
‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ„À⇠’¬À“¬·°à√“™°“√Õ¬à“ß
√⓬·√ß ‡ªì𧫓¡º‘¥«‘π—¬Õ¬à“ß√⓬
·√ßé. ¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ®–‰¡àºŸ°æ—π
‡®â“Àπâ“∑’ËΩÉ“¬Õ◊Ë𠇙àπ ºŸâæ‘æ“°…“
À√◊Õ ¡“™‘°√—∞ ¿“ ‡«âπ·µà‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë
¡’ ° ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥„Àâ § ≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’
«‘π‘®©—¬ —Ëß°“√‡√◊ËÕßπ—Èπ‰¥â ·≈–¡’º≈
‡ªìπ°“√∑—Ë«‰ª. πÕ°®“°π—Èπ ¡µ‘§≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’¬ß— ‰¡àº°Ÿ æ—πª√–™“™π‚¥¬µ√ß
‡™àπ §≥–√—∞¡πµ√’®–¡’¡µ‘°”Àπ¥„Àâ
ª√–™“™π°√–∑”À√◊Õ≈–‡«âπ°“√°√–∑”
‡√◊Ë Õ ß„¥¡‘ ‰ ¥â ‡æ√“–ª√–™“™π¡‘ „ ™à
ºŸâ„µâ∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“·≈–¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
°Á¡‘„™à°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·µà§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’Õ“®
¡’¡µ‘∑’Ë°àÕ„À⇰‘¥º≈°√–∑∫ª√–™“™π
„π∑“ßÕâÕ¡‰¥â ‡™àπ °“√„Àâªî¥ ∂“π∑’Ë
√“™°“√À√◊Õ°“√„À⇮â“Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß√—∞
À¬ÿ¥∑”ß“π„π«—π„¥«—πÀπ÷Ëß Õ“®∑”
„Àâ ª √–™“™π‰¡à ‰ ¥â √— ∫ §«“¡ –¥«°
À√◊Õ°“√°”Àπ¥Õ—µ√“§à“∏√√¡‡π’¬¡
À√◊Õ§à“∫√‘°“√µàà“ßÊ ®“°ª√–™“™π
∑”„Àâª√–™“™πµâÕß√—∫¿“√–¡“°¢÷πÈ .
(Ò) °“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√
·ºàπ¥‘πµâÕß™Õ∫¥â«¬°ÆÀ¡“¬ „π
°“√∫√‘ À “√√“™°“√·ºà 𠥑 π §≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’µâÕß°√–∑”‚¥¬™Õ∫¥â«¬°Æ
À¡“¬ ¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’‡Õß°ÁµâÕ߇ªìπ
‰ª‚¥¬™Õ∫¥â«¬°ÆÀ¡“¬ ¡’∞“π∑“ß
°ÆÀ¡“¬√Õß√—∫ ¡‘„™à®–‡ªìπ¡µ‘∑¢’Ë ¥— µàÕ
°ÆÀ¡“¬ ºŸâ‡°’ˬ«¢âÕßÕ“®‰¡à®”‡ªìπ
µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘µ“¡ ·≈–Õ“®‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ„Àâ¡’
°“√øÑÕß√âÕ߉¥â.
Ú. °“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
‚¥¬π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’ µ“¡√–‡∫’¬∫
∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π¢Õ߉∑¬ πÕ°
®“°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’®–¡’∞“𖇪ìπ‡®â“
°√–∑√«ß„π ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’·≈â«
¡“µ√“ ÒÒ ·Àà ß æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘
√–‡∫’¬∫∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π æ.».
ÚıÛÙ ¬—ß°”Àπ¥„Àâ𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’¡’
Õ”π“®Õ◊ËπÊ πÕ° ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’
Õ’°¥â«¬ ¥—ß∑’Ë∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“
ç𓬰√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ „π∞“π–
À—«Àπâ“√—∞∫“≈ ¡’Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë¥—ßπ’È
œ≈œé
Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â·°à
°“√°”°—∫‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª ´÷Ëß°“√∫√‘À“√
√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π °“√¡Õ∫À¡“¬„Àâ√Õß
𓬰√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ °”°— ∫ °“√∫√‘ À “√
√“™°“√ °“√∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“¢â“√“™°“√
ΩÉ“¬∫√‘À“√∑ÿ°µ”·Àπàß °“√ —ßË „À⢓â -
√“™°“√®“°°√–∑√«ß„¥°√–∑√«ßÀπ÷ßË
¡“ªØ‘∫µ— √‘ “™°“√ ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’,
°“√·µàßµ—Èߢâ“√“™°“√°√–∑√«ßÀπ÷Ëß
‰ª¥”√ßµ”·ÀπàߢÕßÕ’°°√–∑√«ßÀπ÷ßË ,
°“√·µàßµ—ÈߺŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘‡ªìπ∑’˪√÷°…“
À√◊ Õ °√√¡°“√µà “ ßÊ, °“√·µà ß µ—È ß
¢â “ √“™°“√°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß„π ”π— ° 𓬰
ˆÚÚ
√—∞¡πµ√’, °“√«“ß√–‡∫’¬∫ªØ‘∫—µ‘√“™-
°“√‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
‡ªìπ‰ª‚¥¬√«¥‡√Á« ·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
·≈–°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ◊πË Ê „π°“√ªØ‘∫µ— ‘
µ“¡π‚¬∫“¬.
Û. °“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
‚¥¬√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ √— ∞ ¡πµ√’ · µà ≈ –§π
®–¡’§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫·¬°°—π‰ªµ“¡
¿“√°‘®∑’µË π‰¥â√∫— ·µàßµ—ßÈ À√◊Õ‰¥â√∫— ¡Õ∫
À¡“¬ ‡™àπ √—∞¡πµ√’«à“°“√°√–∑√«ß
°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»¬àÕ¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫°“√
∫√‘ À “√√“™°“√·ºà 𠥑 π „π à « π¢Õß
°√–∑√«ß°“√µà “ ߪ√–‡∑»,  à « π
√—∞¡πµ√’™à«¬«à“°“√°√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ß
ª√–‡∑»°Á √— ∫ º‘ ¥ ™Õ∫„π°‘ ® °“√∑’Ë
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ «à “ °“√°√–∑√«ß°“√µà “ ß
ª√–‡∑»¡Õ∫À¡“¬¿“√–·≈–§«“¡
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫. ‡™àππ’ȇ√’¬°«à“°“√∫√‘À“√
√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π„πÀπâ“∑’Ë¢Õßµπ ¥—ß∑’Ë
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ ¡“µ√“ ÚÒÚ ∫—≠≠—µ‘
«à“ ç„π°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºà 𥑠π
√—∞¡πµ√’...µâÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫µàÕ ¿“ºŸ·â ∑π
√“…Æ√„πÀπâ“∑’Ë¢Õßµπ...é. §«“¡
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫π’ÈÀ¡“¬∂÷ß °“√µâÕßµÕ∫
°√–∑Ÿâ∂“¡‡¡◊ËÕ¡’§”∂“¡ °“√µâÕß™’È·®ß
‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√Õ¿‘ª√“¬‡æ◊ËÕ≈ß¡µ‘‰«â«“ß„®
·≈–°“√µâÕß„™âÕ”π“®Àπâ“∑’µË “à ßÊ µ“¡
∑’Ë°ÆÀ¡“¬ °Æ√–‡∫’¬∫ ·≈–¡µ‘§≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’ °”À𥂥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß
°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë√–∫ÿ„Àâ√—∞¡πµ√’ºŸâπ—Èπ‡ªìπ
ºŸ√â °— …“°“√ ´÷ßË À¡“¬§«“¡«à“ µâÕߥŸ·≈
°“√∫—ߧ—∫°“√„À⇪ìπ‰ªµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬
°“√ÕÕ°°Æ°√–∑√«ß °“√·µà ß µ—È ß
æπ—°ß“π‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë °“√„Àâª√–™“™π
‰¥â√—∫∫√‘°“√Õ¬à“ß∑—Ë«∂÷ß·≈–‡ªìπ∏√√¡
·≈–°“√ªÑ Õ ß°— π ª√“∫ª√“¡¡‘ „ Àâ ¡’
°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π

°“√π”°ÆÀ¡“¬‰ª„™â„π∑“ß∑’Ë°àÕ„Àâ
‡°‘¥§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬µàÕª√–™“™π.
§«“¡™Õ∫¥â«¬°ÆÀ¡“¬°—∫°“√
∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
„πª√–‡∑»∑’˪°§√Õߥ⫬À≈—°
𑵑∏√√¡ À√◊Õ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ 𑵑√—∞ °“√
°√–∑”∑—È ß ª«ß¢Õß√— ∞ À√◊ Õ ‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë
¢Õß√— ∞ ®–µâ Õ ß™Õ∫¥â « ¬°ÆÀ¡“¬´÷Ë ß
‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡À≈—°∑’Ë«à“ ∑ÿ°§πÕ¬Ÿà¿“¬„µâ
°ÆÀ¡“¬π—Ëπ‡Õß ‰¡à‡«âπ·¡â·µà§≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’. ¥—ßπ—πÈ °“√„™âÕ”π“®∫√‘À“√
√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π ®–µâÕß°√–∑”¿“¬„π
¢Õ∫‡¢µ∑’Ë°ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥ ¥—ßπ’È
Ò. ∑’Ë ¡ “·Àà ß °“√„™â Õ”π“®®–
µâ Õ ß™Õ∫¥â « ¬°ÆÀ¡“¬ ¢â Õ π’È
À¡“¬§«“¡«à“§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’®–Õ“»—¬
¡µ‘∫—ߧ—∫À√◊Õ°”Àπ¥„À⺟℥ ‰¡à«à“
‡®â“Àπâ“∑’¢Ë Õß√—∞À√◊Õ√“…Æ√°√–∑”À√◊Õ
≈–‡«âπ°“√°√–∑”Õ¬à“ß„¥‚¥¬‰¡à¡’°Æ
À¡“¬√Õß√— ∫ À“‰¥â ‰ ¡à ‡™à π §≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’®–¡’¡µ‘„Àâ√“…Æ√‡¢â“À—°√â“ß
∂“ßæß·≈–Õ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬„πæ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ ß«π
‰¡à‰¥â ®–¬°‡«âπ°“√°√–∑”º‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬
¢Õß√“…Æ√‚¥¬Õâ “ ß«à “ ‡ªì π √— ∞ ª√–-
»“ ‚π∫“¬¡‘‰¥â À√◊Õ®– —Ëß„Àâæπ—°ß“π
Õ— ¬ °“√¡’ §” —Ë ß ‰¡à øÑ Õ ß§¥’ Õ “≠“‡√◊Ë Õ ß
„¥∑—Èß∑’ˇªìπ‡√◊ËÕßÕ¬Ÿà„πÕ”π“®¢ÕßΩÉ“¬
Õ—¬°“√À“‰¥â‰¡à.
Ú. °“√¡Õ∫Õ”π“®°“√∫√‘À“√
√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π„ÀâºÕ⟠πË◊ ®–µâÕß™Õ∫
¥â«¬°ÆÀ¡“¬ „πªí®®ÿ∫π— ªí≠À“∑’Ë
µâ Õ ß‡ πÕ‡¢â “  Ÿà ° “√æ‘ ® “√≥“¢Õß
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ 𓬰√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ · ≈–§≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’¡’¡“°¢÷Èπ ·≈– ≈—∫´—∫´âÕπ
¢÷Èπ, ∫“ߧ√—ÈßÕ“®¡’º≈°√–∑∫∑“ß°“√
«‘…≥ÿ ‡§√◊Õß“¡
‡¡◊Õß, ∫“ߧ√—È߇ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß≈–‡Õ’¬¥ÕàÕπ
∑’Ë À “°Õß§å ° √Àπ÷Ë ß æ‘ ® “√≥“®–‰¡à °à Õ
„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“ ·µà∂â“„ÀâÕ’°Õߧå°√Àπ÷Ëß
æ‘®“√≥“Õ“®‡ªìπªí≠À“‰¥â, ∫“ߧ√—Èß
‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’ËÀπ૬ߓπÕ◊Ëπ√Ÿâ¥’°«à“ ‰¡àπà“
®–‡ πÕ¢÷È π ¡“„Àâ √ –¥— ∫ ΩÉ “ ¬∫√‘ À “√
∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õ߇ªìπºŸâµ—¥ ‘π„®, ·≈–∫“ß
‡√◊ËÕß°Á‡ªìπªí≠À“®ÿ°®‘°‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ ‰¡à
 ¡§«√¬°¢÷È π æ‘ ® “√≥“¡’ ¡ µ‘ „ π∑’Ë
ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’.  ‘Ë߇À≈à“π’ȇÕß
‡ªì π ‡Àµÿ „ Àâ ¡’ ° “√π”À≈— ° °“√¡Õ∫
Õ”π“®À√◊ Õ °“√¡Õ∫À¡“¬„Àâ ºŸâ Õ◊Ë π
«‘π‘®©—¬ —Ëß°“√·∑π¡“„™â ´÷Ëß°Á‡ªìπ‰ª
µ“¡À≈—°°“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“®·≈–À≈—°
°“√∫√‘À“√∑—Ë«‰ªπ—Ëπ‡Õß. ·µà°Á‡ªìπ
ªí ≠ À“‡À¡◊ Õ π°— π «à “ °“√∫√‘ À “√
√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π‡ªìπÕ”π“®‡©æ“–µ—«
À√◊Õ‰¡à, ºŸâ¡’Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ëπ’È ®–¡Õ∫
Õ”π“®„À⺟âÕ◊Ëπ°√–∑”·∑π‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à.
„π°√≥’‡ªìπ°“√¡Õ∫Õ”π“®
¢Õß√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ À √◊ Õ π“¬°√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ® –
‰¡à ‡Ÿâ ªìπªí≠À“¡“°π—° ‡æ√“–«‘∏ª’ Ø‘∫µ— ‘
„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’È¡’°“√°”À𥉫â·≈â«„πæ√–
√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ √ –‡∫’ ¬ ∫∫√‘ À “√√“™°“√
·ºàπ¥‘π æ.». ÚıÛÙ ¡“µ√“ Û¯ ´÷Ëß
∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ «à “ çÕ”π“®„π°“√ —Ë ß °“√
Õπÿ≠“µ °“√Õπÿ¡µ— ‘ °“√ªØ‘∫µ— √‘ “™°“√
À√◊ Õ °“√¥”‡π‘ π °“√Õ◊Ë π ∑’Ë ¡’ ºŸâ ¥”√ß
µ”·Àπàß„¥®–æ÷ߪؑ∫µ— À‘ √◊Õ¥”‡π‘π°“√
µ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬ √–‡∫’¬∫ ¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫À√◊Õ
§” —Ëß„¥ À√◊Õ¡µ‘¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
„π‡√◊ËÕß„¥ ∂â“°ÆÀ¡“¬ √–‡∫’¬∫ ¢âÕ
∫—ߧ—∫ À√◊Õ§” —Ëßπ—Èπ À√◊Õ¡µ‘¢Õߧ≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’„π‡√◊ËÕßπ—Èπ¡‘‰¥â°”Àπ¥‡√◊ËÕß
°“√¡Õ∫Õ”π“®‰«â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ßÕ◊ËπÀ√◊Õ
¡‘‰¥âÀâ“¡‡√◊ËÕß°“√¡Õ∫Õ”π“®‰«â ºŸâ
ˆÚÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
¥”√ßµ”·Àπàßπ—ÈπÕ“®¡Õ∫Õ”π“®„Àâ
ºŸ¥â ”√ßµ”·ÀπàßÕ◊πË ªØ‘∫µ— √‘ “™°“√·∑π
‰¥â¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
(Ò) 𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’Õ“®¡Õ∫
Õ”π“®„Àâ √ Õß𓬰√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ À √◊ Õ
√—∞¡πµ√’ª√–®” ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’.
(Ú) √—∞¡πµ√’«“à °“√°√–∑√«ß
Õ“®¡Õ∫Õ”π“®„Àâ√∞— ¡πµ√’™«à ¬«à“°“√
°√–∑√«ß ª≈—¥°√–∑√«ß Õ∏‘∫¥’ À√◊Õ
À—«Àπâ“ à«π√“™°“√´÷Ëߥ”√ßµ”·Àπàß
‡∑’¬∫‡∑à“ À√◊ÕºŸâ«à“√“™°“√®—ßÀ«—¥.
(Û) √— ∞ ¡πµ√’ «à “ °“√∑∫«ß
Õ“®¡Õ∫Õ”π“®„Àâ √— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ™à « ¬«à “
°“√∑∫«ß ª≈—¥∑∫«ß Õ∏‘∫¥’ À√◊ÕÀ—«
Àπâ “  à « π√“™°“√´÷Ë ß ¥”√ßµ”·Àπà ß
‡∑’¬∫‡∑à“ À√◊ÕºŸâ«à“√“™°“√®—ßÀ«—¥.
œ≈œé
πÕ°®“°π—Èπ ¡“µ√“ ÒÒ(Ú)
¬—ß∫—≠≠—µ‘„Àâ𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’„π∞“π–
À—«Àπâ“√—∞∫“≈¡’Õ”π“®¡Õ∫À¡“¬„Àâ
√Õß𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’°”°—∫°“√∫√‘À“√
√“™°“√¢Õß°√–∑√«ßÀ√◊Õ∑∫«ßÀπ÷Ëß
À√◊ÕÀ≈“¬°√–∑√«ßÀ√◊Õ∑∫«ß. ¢âÕπ’È
· ¥ß«à “ 𓬰√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ Õ “®¡Õ∫
Õ”π“®°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π„π
 à « π¢Õßµπ„Àâ ∫ÿ § §≈Õ◊Ë π ‰¥ââ µ “¡∑’Ë
°ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥¿“¬„µâ‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢µàÕ‰ª
π’È
(Ò) ‰¡à¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬ √–‡∫’¬∫
¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫ §” —Ëß À√◊Õ¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
°”Àπ¥‰«â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ßÕ◊Ëπ.
µ— « Õ¬à “ ß ¡“µ√“ ˆ
·Ààßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ√‘ –‡∫’¬∫¢â“√“™°“√
æ≈‡√◊Õπ æ.». ÚıÛı ∫—≠≠—µ«‘ “à ç„Àâ
¡’§≥–°√√¡°“√¢â“√“™°“√æ≈‡√◊Õπ
§≥–Àπ÷Ë ß ‡√’ ¬ °‚¥¬¬à Õ «à “ ù°.æ.û
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’À√◊Õ√Õß
𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’∑’Ë𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’¡Õ∫
À¡“¬‡ªì π ª√–∏“π...é · ¥ß«à “ ·¡â
‚¥¬ª√°µ‘µ“¡¡“µ√“ Û¯(Ò) ·Ààß
æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ √ –‡∫’ ¬ ∫∫√‘ À “√
√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π æ.». ÚıÛÙ π“¬°
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ Õ “®¡Õ∫Õ”π“®≈߉ª∂÷ ß
√—∞¡πµ√’ª√–®” ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’‰¥â,â
·µà°√≥’°“√∑”Àπâ“∑’ªË √–∏“π °.æ. π—πÈ
∂â “ 𓬰√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ‰ ¡à ª √– ß§å ® –∑”
Àπâ“∑’ˇÕß°Á¡Õ∫Õ”π“®‰¥â ‡æ’¬ß·§à
√Õß𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’‡∑àà“π—Èπ.
(Ú) ° “ √ ¡ Õ ∫ Õ” π “ ® µâ Õ ß
¡Õ∫„Àâ∫ÿ§§≈µ“¡∑’Ë°ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥.
µ—«Õ¬à“ß ¡“µ√“ ÒÙ
·Àà ß æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ∏ 𓧓√·Àà ß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». ÚÙ¯ı ∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“
ç„Àâ√—∞¡πµ√’¡’Õ”π“®·≈–Àπâ“∑’Ë°”°—∫
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª´÷Ëß°‘®°“√¢Õß∏𓧓√·Ààß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬é. §”«àà“ ç√—∞¡πµ√’é
À¡“¬∂÷ß√—∞¡πµ√’«à“°“√°√–∑√«ß°“√
§≈— ß . „π°√≥’ ∑’Ë √— ∞ ¡πµ√’ «à “ °“√
°√–∑√«ß°“√§≈—߉¡ààª√– ß§å®–°”°—∫
°‘®°“√¢Õß∏𓧓√·Àààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬°Á
Õ“®¡Õ∫Õ”π“®„Àâ√∞— ¡πµ√’™«à ¬«à“°“√
°√–∑√«ß°“√§≈—߇ªìπºŸâ°”°—∫·∑πµπ
‰¥â, ·µàà®–¡Õ∫„Àâ𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’À√◊Õ
√—∞¡πµ√’ª√–®” ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’
°”°—∫°‘®°“√¢Õß∏𓧓√·Ààߪ√–‡∑»
‰∑¬¡‘‰¥â.
„π°√≥’ ‡ ªì π °“√¡Õ∫
Õ”π“®¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ‡√◊ÕË ß®–¬ÿßà ¬“°
¡“°¢÷πÈ ‡æ√“–Õ”π“®¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
‡ªìπ¢ÕßÕߧå°√µ“¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·≈–
‰¡à¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬„¥∫—≠≠—µ‘‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√
¡Õ∫Õ”π“®‰«â. µ—«Õ¬à“ß∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘
°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫Õ”π“®¢Õߧ≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’¡’¥—ßπ’È
¡“µ√“ Ò˘ ·Ààßæ√–√“™-
∫—≠≠—µ∏‘ 𓧓√·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.».
ÚÙ¯ı ∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“
çæ√–¡À“°…— µ √‘ ¬å ∑ √ß
·µàßµ—Èß À√◊Õ∂Õπ®“°µ”·Àπàß´÷ËߺŸâ«à“
°“√·≈–√ÕߺŸâ «à “ °“√‚¥¬§”·π–π”
¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’.  à«π°√√¡°“√
Õ◊Ëπ„Àâ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’·µàßµ—ÈßÀ√◊Õ∂Õπ
ÕÕ°®“°µ”·Àπàß‚¥¬§”·π–π”¢Õß
√—∞¡πµ√’é.
¡“µ√“ Ù ·Ààßæ√–√“™-
∫—≠≠—µ‘Õߧ尓√‚∑√»—æ∑å·Ààߪ√–‡∑»
‰∑¬ æ.». ÚÙ˘˜ ∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“
çÕß§å ° “√‚∑√»— æ ∑å ® –
µâ Õ ß‰¥â √— ∫ §«“¡‡ÀÁ π ™Õ∫®“°§≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’°àÕπ ®÷ß®–¥”‡π‘π°‘®°“√¥—ß
µàÕ‰ªπ’È §◊Õ
(Ò) ‡≈‘°™ÿ¡ “¬‚∑√»—æ∑å
À√◊Õ‚∑√»—æ∑å∑“߉°≈
(Ú) ‡æ‘Ë¡À√◊Õ≈¥∑ÿπ
(Û) °Ÿâ ¬◊ ¡ ‡ß‘ π §√—È ß Àπ÷Ë ß
‡ªìπ®”π«π‡ß‘π‡°‘π°«à“ “¡≈â“π∫“∑
(Ù) µ—ßÈ Õ—µ√“§à“‡™à“‡§√◊ÕË ß
‚∑√»—æ∑å ·≈–§à“∫√‘°“√Õ◊ËπÊé.
¡“µ√“ Ò ·Ààßæ√–√“™-
∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“¥â«¬°“√„Àâ‡Õ°™π‡¢â“√à«¡
ß“π À√◊Õ¥”‡π‘π°“√„π°‘®°“√¢Õß√—∞
æ.». ÚıÛı ∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“
ç„π°√≥’∑’Ë à«π√“™°“√
√—∞«‘ “À°‘® Àπ૬ߓπÕ◊Ëπ¢Õß√—∞ À√◊Õ
√“™°“√ à « π∑â Õ ß∂‘Ë π „¥®–°√–∑”
°‘®°“√¢Õß√—∞ ·≈–§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’¡¡’ µ‘„Àâ
‡Õ°™π‡¢â “ √à « ¡ß“πÀ√◊ Õ ¥”‡π‘ π °“√
„ÀâÀπ૬ߓπ¥—ß°≈à“«¥”‡π‘π°“√µ“¡
ˆÚÙ
¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ·≈–ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡æ√–
√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘π’Èé.
ªí≠À“§◊Õ §≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
®–¡Õ∫Õ”π“®µ“¡∫∑∫—≠≠—µ¥‘ ß— °≈à“«
„À⺄Ÿâ ¥√—∫‰ª¥”‡π‘π°“√·∑π‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à.
‡√◊ËÕßπ’È ‡§¬¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ
∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬¢Õß ”π— ° ß“π§≥–
°√√¡°“√°ƒ…Æ’°“ ¥—ßπ’È
 ”π— ° ‡≈¢“∏‘ ° “√§≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’¡’Àπ—ß ◊Õ ¢Õ„Àâ ”π—°ß“π
§≥–°√√¡°“√°ƒ…Æ’°“„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ
„πªí ≠ À“¢â Õ °ÆÀ¡“¬«à “ °√≥’ ∑’Ë
°√–∑√«ß§¡π“§¡®–¢Õ„Àâ § ≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’æ‘®“√≥“Õπÿ¡—µ‘‡ªìπÀ≈—°°“√
¡Õ∫Õ”π“®„Àâ§≥–°√√¡°“√°“√ ◊ËÕ
 “√·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ·≈–√—∞¡πµ√’‡®â“
 — ß °— ¥ ¥”‡π‘ π °“√·∑π§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’
„π°“√æ‘®“√≥“„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫„Àâ
°“√ ◊ËÕ “√·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ·≈–√—∞-
¡πµ√’‡®â“ —ß°—¥‰¥â. °“√∑’Ë ¡“µ√“
Û˘(Ò) °”Àπ¥„Àâ°“√°√–∑”°‘®°“√
„¥Ê µ“¡∑’°Ë ”À𥉫â„π ¡“µ√“ Ò(ı)
·≈– (ˆ) §√—ÈßÀπ÷Ë߇ªìπ®”π«π‡ß‘π‡°‘π
°«à“Àâ“≈â“π∫“∑ µâÕ߉¥â√—∫§«“¡‡ÀÁπ
™Õ∫®“°§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’°Õà π °Á‡π◊ÕË ß®“°
°ÆÀ¡“¬¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å∑’Ë®–„Àâ§≥–
√—∞¡πµ√’„™â¥ÿ≈æ‘π‘®æ‘®“√≥“„π·µà≈–
°‘ ® °“√‡ªì π √“¬°√≥’ , ‚¥¬„Àâ § ≥–
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ¡’ Õ”π“®§«∫§ÿ ¡ ¥Ÿ · ≈°“√
¥”‡π‘ π °‘ ® °“√¢Õß°“√ ◊Ë Õ  “√·Àà ß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. ¥— ß π—È π °“√∑’Ë ® –„Àâ
§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’¡Õ∫Õ”π“®‰«â≈à«ßÀπâ“
„Àâ·°à§≥–°√√¡°“√°“√ ◊ËÕ “√·Ààß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ·≈–√—∞¡πµ√’‡®â“ —ß°—¥
¥”‡π‘π°“√‰¥â‡Õßµ“¡§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡
π—È π ®÷ ß ‡ªì π °“√¢— ¥ µà Õ ∫∑∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ · Àà ß
°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π

æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ° “√ ◊Ë Õ  “√·Àà ß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». ÚıÒ˘.
πÕ°®“°π—Èπ„π æ.». ÚıÛ˘
‰¥â ¡’ § «“¡‡ÀÁ π ¢Õß ”π— ° ß“π§≥–
°√√¡°“√°ƒ…Æ’°“Õ’°‡√◊ËÕßÀπ÷Ëß ¥—ßπ’È
 ”π—°‡≈¢“∏‘°“√§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
¢Õ„Àâ ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√°ƒ…-
Æ’°“„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ„πªí≠À“¢âÕ°ÆÀ¡“¬
«à“ §≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ “¡“√∂¡Õ∫Õ”π“®
„Àâ∫§ÿ §≈À√◊ÕÀπà«¬ß“π„¥‡ªìπºŸÕâ πÿ¡µ— ‘
‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√°à Õ Àπ’È ºŸ ° æ— π ‡°‘ π °«à “
Àπ÷ßË ªïß∫ª√–¡“≥µ“¡æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘
«‘∏’°“√ß∫ª√–¡“≥ æ.». ÚıÚ ‰¥â
À√◊Õ‰¡à.
§≥–°√√¡°“√°ƒ…Æ’°“ ‰¥â
æ‘®“√≥“ªí≠À“¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ·≈â«
‡ÀÁπ«à“ °“√®—¥∑”ß∫ª√–¡“≥·ºàπ¥‘π
‚¥¬ª√°µ‘ ® –µâ Õ ßæ‘ ® “√≥“‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫
ª√–¡“≥°“√√“¬√—∫·≈–ß∫ª√–¡“≥
√“¬®à“¬„π√Õ∫ªïß∫ª√–¡“≥‡ªìπÀ≈—°.
„π°√≥’®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–µâÕß°àÕÀπ’ȺŸ°æ—π
ß∫ª√–¡“≥√“¬®à“¬ª√–®”ªïµàÕÊ ‰ª
¡“µ√“ ÚÛ ·Ààßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘«‘∏’
°“√ß∫ª√–¡“≥ ´÷Ëß·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡‚¥¬
æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ «‘ ∏’ ° “√ß∫ª√–¡“≥
(©∫—∫∑’Ë ı) æ.». ÚıÛÙ ∫—≠≠—µ‘„Àâ
§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ‡ ªì π ºŸâ ¡’ Õ”π“®Õπÿ ¡— µ‘
°“√°àÕÀπ’ȺŸ°æ—π ‚¥¬‰¡à¡’∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘
„¥„ÀâÕ”π“®§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’¡Õ∫Õ”π“®
„π°“√æ‘ ® “√≥“Õπÿ ¡— µ‘ ° “√°à Õ Àπ’È
ºŸ°æ—πµ“¡æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘«‘∏’°“√ß∫
ª√–¡“≥œ „Àâ·°à∫ÿ§§≈À√◊ÕÀπ૬ߓπ
„¥‰¥â. °“√∑’Ë°ÆÀ¡“¬∫—≠≠—µ‘„Àâ°√≥’
„¥µâÕ߉¥â√—∫Õπÿ¡—µ‘®“°§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’
°àÕπ ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°°ÆÀ¡“¬¡’«µ— ∂ÿª√– ß§å
∑’Ë®–„Àâ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’‡ªìπºŸâ„™â¥ÿ≈æ‘π‘®
«‘…≥ÿ ‡§√◊Õß“¡
æ‘®“√≥“„π°√≥’π—Èπ. ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√∑’Ë®–
„Àâ § ≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ¡ Õ∫Õ”π“®„π°“√
æ‘ ® “√≥“Õπÿ ¡— µ‘ „ π°√≥’ ¥— ß °≈à “ «·°à
∫ÿ§§≈À√◊ÕÀπà«¬ß“π„¥ ®÷߇ªìπ°“√¢—¥
µàÕ∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘·Ààßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘«‘∏’
°“√ß∫ª√–¡“≥œ.
Û. ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ “√–„π°“√∫√‘À“√
√“™°“√·ºà 𠥑 π ®–µâ Õ ß™Õ∫¥â « ¬
°ÆÀ¡“¬
¡“µ√“ Ú˜ ¢Õß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“
ç ‘∑∏‘·≈–‡ √’¿“æ∑’√Ë ∞— ∏√√¡-
πŸ≠π’È√—∫√Õ߉«â‚¥¬™—¥·®âß ‚¥¬ª√‘¬“¬
À√◊Õ‚¥¬§”«‘π®‘ ©—¬¢Õß»“≈√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
¬à Õ ¡‰¥â √— ∫ §«“¡§ÿâ ¡ §√Õß·≈–ºŸ ° æ— π
√—∞ ¿“ §≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ »“≈ ·≈–Õߧå°√
Õ◊πË ¢Õß√—∞‚¥¬µ√ß„π°“√µ√“°ÆÀ¡“¬
°“√„™â∫ß— §—∫°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·≈–°“√µ’§«“¡
°ÆÀ¡“¬∑—Èߪ«ßé.
πÕ°®“°π—Èπ ¡“µ√“ Úˆ¯
¬—ß∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“
秔«‘π®‘ ©—¬¢Õß»“≈√—∞∏√√¡-
πŸ≠„À⇪ìπ‡¥Á¥¢“¥ ¡’º≈ºŸ°æ—π √—∞ ¿“
§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ »“≈ ·≈–Õß§å ° √Õ◊Ë π
¢Õß√—∞é.
¢âÕπ’È· ¥ß«à“„π°“√„™âÕ”π“®
∫√‘ À “√√“™°“√·ºà 𠥑 π √— ∞ ¡πµ√’
𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’ À√◊Õ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ®–
„™âÕ”π“®®”°—¥ µ—¥∑Õπ ‘∑∏‘‡ √’¿“æ
¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈‚¥¬¢—¥µàÕ√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡‘‰¥â
·≈–®–µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘µ“¡§”«‘π‘®©—¬¢Õß
»“≈√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠. °“√ΩÉ“ΩóπÕ“®‡ªìπ
‡Àµÿ „ Àâ µâ Õ ß√— ∫ º‘ ¥ ™Õ∫∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬
‡ªì𧥒·æàß §¥’Õ“≠“ À√◊Õ§¥’ª°§√Õß
À√◊ÕÕ“®µâÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß
µàÕ ¿“ ·≈–„π∑’Ë ÿ¥Õ“®¡’°“√ à߇√◊ËÕß
ˆÚı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
„Àâ § ≥–°√√¡°“√ªÑ Õ ß°— π ·≈–ª√“∫
ª√“¡°“√∑ÿ®√‘µ·Ààß™“µ‘¥”‡π‘ π°“√
‰µà «π ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪 Ÿà°√–∫«π°“√∂Õ¥
∂Õπ√—∞¡πµ√’π—ÈπÕÕ°®“°µ”·Àπà߉¥â.
„π°“√µ√«® Õ∫«à “ °“√„™â
Õ”π“®¢Õߧ≥–√—∞¡πµ√’™Õ∫¥â«¬°Æ
À¡“¬À√◊Õ‰¡à ®–¡’°√–∫«π°“√∑’ˇ√’¬°
«à“ çJudicial Reviewé ´÷ËßÕ“®‡ªìπ
°“√µ√«® Õ∫‚¥¬Õ”π“®»“≈¬ÿµ∏‘ √√¡
»“≈ª°§√Õß À√◊Õ»“≈√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠°Á‰¥â.
„πÕ¥’µ‡¡◊ËÕ§√—Èß∑’ˬ—߉¡à¡’°“√®—¥µ—Èß»“≈
ª°§√Õߢ÷Èπ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ °“√µ√«®
 Õ∫‡ªìπÕ”π“®¢Õß»“≈¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡ ¥—ß
∑’ˇ§¬¡’§”æ‘æ“°…“»“≈Æ’°“∑’Ë ıı/
ÚÙ˘Ò «‘π‘®©—¬«à“ §≥–√—∞¡πµ√’µâÕß
ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‰¡à„™à≈ß¡µ‘„Àâ¡’
º≈πÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬. À≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë
»“≈À√◊ÕÕߧå°√„¥Ê °Áµ“¡∑’Ë¡’Õ”π“®
„π°“√µ√«® Õ∫ ®–¬°¢÷È π „™â ‡ ªì π
‡ § √◊Ë Õ ß ™à « ¬ „ π ° “ √ «‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬ §◊ Õ
°ÆÀ¡“¬√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ·≈–°ÆÀ¡“¬
ª°§√Õß.
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡
Ò. ‚° ‘π∑√å «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå. §«“¡‡ªìπ¡“¢Õß
°“√ª°§√Õß„π√–∫∫√— ∞  ¿“ ·≈–√–∫∫
√—∞ ¿“„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√:
 ”π—°æ‘¡æå·æ√àæ‘∑¬“; ÚıÒ¯.
Ú. «‘…≥ÿ ‡§√◊Õß“¡. °ÆÀ¡“¬√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠.
°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√: ‚√ßæ‘¡æå· «ß ÿ∑∏‘°“√
æ‘¡æå; ÚıÛ.
Û.  ”π—°‡≈¢“∏‘°“√§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’. §Ÿà¡◊Õ°“√
∑”ß“π¢Õß√—∞¡πµ√’. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√:
‚√ßæ‘ ¡ æå  ”π— ° ‡≈¢“∏‘ ° “√§≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ;
ÚıÙÙ.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

Abstract The Administration of State Affairs

Wissanu Krea-ngam
Associate Member, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Royal Institute, Thailand
The King appoints the Prime Minister and not more than 35 other Ministers to constitute the
Council of Ministers having the duties of carrying out the administration of State Affairs. Ministers
shall carry out the administration of State affairs in accordance with the provisions of the Constitu-
tion, laws and policies stated to the National Assembly, and shall be responsible individually to the
House of Representatives for the performance of their duties and shall also be responsible collec-
tively to the National Assembly for the general policies of the council of Ministers.
The administration of the State Affairs includes the formation of domestic and foreign poli-
cies, the implementation of such policies and the law enforcement. The Government’s administra-
tion will be subject to control by the House of Representatives and the Senate and the several other
independent constitutional agencies.
Key words : administration, State Affairs

°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
ˆÚˆ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

°“√·°â¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘∑“ߥâ“π¿“…“‰∑¬ ®”πߧå ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘∞

√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

‡≈¬ ·¡âÕ¬Ÿà„πª√–‡∑»‡¥’¬«°—π µà“ß

„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬°”≈—߇º™‘≠°—∫¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘„π¥â“πµà“ßÊ
¡“°¡“¬ ∑—Èߥâ“π‡»√…∞°‘® °“√‡¡◊Õß »’≈∏√√¡ √«¡∑—Èß¿“…“‰∑¬¥â«¬
¿“§µà“ß®—ßÀ«—¥°—π ∫“ß∑’°Á查-øíß
‡π◊ÕË ß®“°°“√»÷°…“¿“…“‰∑¬„π‚√߇√’¬π·≈– ∂“∫—πÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“µà“ßÊ °—π‰¡à§Õà ¬‡¢â“„® ·µà°√Á «âŸ “à ‡¢“查¿“…“
‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√ à߇ √‘¡‡∑à“∑’˧«√ §√ŸÕ“®“√¬å∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡™’ˬ«™“≠¥â“π ‰∑¬.
¿“…“‰∑¬À“‰¥â¬“°¡“° ∑”„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π π‘ ‘µπ—°»÷°…“¢“¥§«“¡ µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ÕË §π‰∑¬¡’¿“…“‡¢’¬π§◊Õ
 π„®„π¿“…“‰∑¬ ®÷ß®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–µâÕßÀ“¡“µ√°“√∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡¡“„™â ç≈“¬ ◊Õ‰∑¬é À√◊Õ çµ—«Àπ—ß ◊Õ‰∑¬é
‡æ◊ËÕ·°â‰¢¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘∑“ߥâ“π¿“…“‰∑¬„Àâ°≈—∫§◊π Ÿà ¿“懥‘¡.
„™â Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬°Áµ—Èß·µà ¡—¬æàÕ¢ÿπ√“¡-
§” ”§—≠ : ¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘, ¿“…“‰∑¬ §”·Àß¡À“√“™‡¡◊ÕË ˜ ªï‡»…¡“·≈â«
∑”„À⇰‘¥º≈ß“π¥â“π«√√≥°√√¡·≈–
«√√≥§¥’¢÷Èπ¡“°¡“¬ Õ—π· ¥ß„Àâ
°à Õ π∑’Ë ® –‰¥â ° ≈à “ «∂÷ ß °“√·°â (π‘‚√∏) ·≈–∑√ßÀ“«‘∏’∑’Ë®–𔉪 Ÿà°“√ ‡ÀÁπ«à“∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…¢Õ߇√“¡’¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“
¿“«–«‘ ° ƒµ‘ ∑ “ߥ⠓ π¿“…“‰∑¬π—È π ¥—∫∑ÿ°¢å (¡√√§). Õ—π Ÿß à߬‘Ëß.
§«√µâ Õ ß°”Àπ¥„Àâ ‰ ¥â °à Õ π«à “ ¿“«– ™“µ‘ ‰ ∑¬‡ªì π ™“µ‘ ∑’Ë ‡ §¬‡®√‘ ≠ ¬‘Ë ß °«à “ π—È π æà Õ ¢ÿ π √“¡§”·Àß
«‘°ƒµ‘∑“ߥâ“π¿“…“‰∑¬§◊ÕÕ–‰√ ‡°‘¥ √ÿßà ‡√◊Õß¡“·≈⫉¡àπÕâ ¬°«à“ ı, ªï §◊Õ ¡À“√“™¬—߉¥â∑√ߧ‘¥ ç«√√≥¬ÿ°µåé
¡“µ—Èß·µà‡¡◊ËÕ„¥ ·≈–Õ–‰√‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ∑’Ë µ—Èß·µà°àÕπ ¡—¬æ√–‡®â“‡À“·≈â«. §π ¢÷Èπ„™â ∑”„Àâ¿“…“‰∑¬¢Õ߇√“¡’»—æ∑å
∑”„À⇰‘¥¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘∑“ߥâ“π¿“…“ ‰∑¬¡’¿“…“‰∑¬‡ªìπ¢Õßµπ‡Õß ‰¡à«à“ ‡æ‘Ë¡æŸπ¢÷ÈπÕ’°¡“° ‡æ√“–§”∑’ˇ¢’¬π
‰∑¬. ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ◊ËÕ®–‰¥â·°â¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘ ®–Õ¬Ÿà·ÀàßÀπµ”∫≈„¥ ‰¡à«à“®–„π ¥â«¬æ¬—≠™π–  √–Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—π æÕ
∑“ߥâ“π¿“…“‰∑¬‰¥â∂°Ÿ ®ÿ¥ ‡™àπ‡¥’¬« ª√–‡∑»À√◊ÕπÕ°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ∂Ⓡªìπ „ à « √√≥¬ÿ ° µå ≈ ߉ª°Á ∑”„Àâ ‡ æ‘Ë ¡ »— æ ∑å
°— ∫ æ√–æÿ ∑ ∏‡®â “ ∑√ß·°â ªí ≠ À“‡√◊Ë Õ ß §π‰∑¬·≈â« °Á “¡“√∂ ◊ËÕ “√°—π¥â«¬ ´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡À¡“¬µà“ß°—𠇙àπ ‡¢“ ‡¢à“
§«“¡∑ÿ ° ¢å æ√–Õß§å °Á ∑ √ߧâ π À“ ¿“…“‰∑¬‰¥â ·¡â∫“ß∑’®–¬“°‡æ√“– ‡¢â“ ‡°“ ‡°à“ ‡°â“ ‡°ä“ ‡°ã“ À√◊Õ ¢“«
 ¡ÿØ∞“π¢Õß∑ÿ°¢å„À≥â°àÕπ ( ¡ÿ∑—¬) ‡¡◊ËÕÕ¬ŸàÀà“߉°≈°—π ¢“¥°“√µ‘¥µàÕ ¢à“« ¢â“« ´÷Ëßπ—∫«à“µà“ß°—∫¿“…“Õ◊ËπÊ
·≈â«°Á∑√ßæ‘®“√≥“«à“°“√®–·°â∑ÿ°¢å §¡π“§¡°—π ¿“…“°Áº‘¥‡æ’Ȭπ°—πÕÕ° ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ¡’ « √√≥¬ÿ ° µå „ ™â Õ¬à “ ß¿“…“
®–µâ Õ ß·°â ∑’Ë   “‡Àµÿ ∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ∑ÿ ° ¢å ‰ª∑ÿ°∑’ Õ¬à“«à“·µà®–Õ¬Ÿ§à π≈–ª√–‡∑» Õ—ß°ƒ…«à“ How do you do? ‰¡à«à“
‡√“®–ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß«à“ 猓« ¥Ÿ ¬Ÿ ¥Ÿãé À√◊Õ
*∫√√¬“¬ ≥ ÀÕª√–™ÿ¡∏”√ß∫—«»√’ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∫Ÿ√æ“ ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ÒÛ ∏—𫓧¡ æ.». ÚıÙ٠猓« ¥Ÿ ¬Ÿ ¥Ÿäé §”«à“ çdoé §”‡¥’¬«

®”πߧå ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘∞
ˆÚ˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
‰¡à«à“®–ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß‡ªìπ 祟é 祟ãé À√◊Õ
祟äé °Á¡’§«“¡À¡“¬Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—π.
·µà„π¿“…“‰∑¬ ∂Ⓡ¢’¬π«à“ çπ“¬
¢“«‰ª∑”¢à“«‡√◊ËÕß¢â“«é ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“§”
«à“ 碓«é ç¢à“«é ç¢â“«é ¡’§«“¡À¡“¬
µà“ß°—π‡ªìπ§π≈–‡√◊ËÕ߇≈¬. ¬‘Ëß°«à“π—Èπ
æà Õ ¢ÿ π √“¡§”·Àß¡À“√“™¬— ß ∑√ß
ª√–¥‘…∞å ç‡≈¢‰∑¬é ¢÷πÈ „™âÕ°’ ¥â«¬ ·≈–
ç‡≈¢‰∑¬é °Á‡ªìπµ—«‡≈¢∑’Ë «¬ß“¡¡’
 ÿπ∑√’¬–¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ π—∫«à“‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’˧π
‰∑¬∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬§«√®–¿“§¿Ÿ¡‘„® ·µà°Á
ª√“°Ø«à “ §π‰∑¬ à « π„À≠à ‰ ¡à π‘ ¬ ¡
‡¢’¬π ç‡≈¢‰∑¬é. µ—«‡≈¢‰∑¬π’È ºâŸ
‡¢’¬π¿“§¿Ÿ¡‘„®∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈–„™â‡≈¢‰∑¬
„π°“√‡¢’¬π¿“…“‰∑¬¡“À≈“¬ ‘∫ªï
·≈â«. ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ√“–§«“¡¿“§¿Ÿ¡‘„®∑’Ë
∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…¢Õ߇√“¡’¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“ Ÿß àß
¡“° ·¡â·µàÕ“√¬ª√–‡∑»¢Õß‚≈° ‡™àπ
 À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“, Õ—ß°ƒ… °Á¬ß— ‰¡à¡µ’ «— ‡≈¢
¢Õßµπ„™â.
µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ÕË °√–∑√«ß∏√√¡°“√ ‚¥¬
°√¡µ”√“ ‰¥â®—¥∑”Àπ—ß ◊Õ çª∑“πÿ-
°√¡©∫—∫°√¡µ”√“é ¢÷πÈ „™â π—∫«à“‡ªìπ
Àπ—ß ◊Õ∑’Ë∑√ߧÿ≥§à“Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß ‡æ√“–
‰¥â√«∫√«¡§”‰∑¬‰«âÕ¬à“߇ªìπ√–∫∫
Õ¬à“߇ªìπ∑“ß√“™°“√‡ªìπ§√—ßÈ ·√°. µàÕ
¡“ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‰¥â√—∫™à«ßß“π
æ®π“πÿ°√¡¡“®“°°√–∑√«ß∏√√¡°“√
·≈â«°Á‰¥â™”√–„À¡à∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ·≈–‰¥âµ’
æ‘¡æåÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπ çæ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚÙ˘Ûé ·≈–
µ’æ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à°«à“ Ú §√—Èß ‡ªìπ
Àπ—ß ◊Õ°«à“ Ò, ‡≈à¡.
‡¡◊Ë Õ æ.». ÚıÒ˘  ¡— ¬ ∑’Ë
»“ µ√“®“√¬å∏“π‘π∑√å °√—¬«‘‡™’¬√
Õߧ¡πµ√’ ‡ªìπ𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’ ·≈–
Õ“®“√¬å ¥√.¿‘ ≠ ‚≠  “∏√ ‡ªì π
√—∞¡πµ√’«à“°“√°√–∑√«ß»÷°…“∏‘°“√
∑à“π‰¥â¢Õ„Àâ√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“πª√—∫
ª√ÿßæ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫ æ.». ÚÙ˘Û
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥. »“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.‡ √‘¡
«‘π‘®©—¬°ÿ≈ 𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
®÷߉¥â‡ πÕ·µàßµ—Èß ç§≥–°√√¡°“√
ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚÙ˘Ûé ¢÷Èπ¡“
™ÿ¥Àπ÷ßË ‚¥¬¡’∑“à π𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π‡ªìπª√–∏“π ∑”ß“π§«∫§Ÿ‰à ª°—∫
ç§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡é
´÷Ëß°Á∑”ß“πµ‘¥µàÕ°—π¡“µ—Èß·µàµâπ. º≈
∑’ËÕÕ°¡“°Á§◊Õ çæ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÚıé.
§≥–°√√¡°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ®π“πÿ-
°√¡´÷ßË  à«π„À≠à‡ªìππ—°«√√≥»‘≈ªá¢Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π °Á‰¥â™à«¬°—π∑”
Àπâ“∑’Ë∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¡Õ∫À¡“¬Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«
·≈–‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬ πÕ°®“°®–¬Õ¡√—∫§”
∫“ߧ”„πæ®π“πÿ ° √¡ ©∫— ∫ æ.».
ÚÙ˘Û µ“¡∑’Ë § ≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–
ª∑“πÿ°√¡‰¥âª√—∫ª√ÿß·°â‰¢·≈â« °Á¬—ß
‰¥âª√—∫ª√ÿß·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡§”∫“ߧ”∑’Ë
§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ ° √¡¡‘ ‰ ¥â
·°â‰¢ ·≈–‡°Á∫»—æ∑å°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·≈–
ç¿“…‘µ·≈–§”æ—߇æ¬é ´÷Ë߇¥Á°Ê „π
ªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¡à∑√“∫·≈â« ≈߉«â„πæ®π“-
πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫ æ.». ÚıÚı µ“¡§”
·π–π”¢Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ∏ “π‘ π ∑√å
°√—¬«‘‡™’¬√ 𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’„π ¡—¬π—Èπ.
§≥–°√√¡°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ®π“πÿ°√¡
‰¥â„™â‡«≈“∂÷ß Ú ªï Ò ‡¥◊Õπ‡»…
ª√–™ÿ¡√«¡ Ú¯ §√—Èß ®÷ß∑”„À⇰‘¥
çæ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π æ.». ÚıÚıé ¢÷Èπ¡“‰¥â.
ˆÚ¯
§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡
 ¡— ¬ ·√°Ê (°à Õ πºâŸ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π®–‡¢â “ √— ∫
√“™°“√∑’√Ë “™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ÕË æ.».
Úı˜ ·≈–„π™à«ß·√°Ê ∑’˺Ÿâ‡¢’¬π
√— ∫ √“™°“√Õ¬Ÿà · ≈–‰¥â ¡’  à « π√à « ¡‡ªì π
°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡)  à«πÀπ÷Ëß
‡ªì π π— ° ª√“™≠å √ “™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¢Õß™“µ‘
·≈â«, Õ’° à«πÀπ÷Ëß°Á‡ªìπºŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘
„π¥â “ π¿“…“‰∑¬ ∑’Ë  — ß §¡¬Õ¡√— ∫
π— ∫ ∂◊ Õ „𧫓¡√Ÿâ § «“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õß
∑à “ π, ∫“ß∑à “ π°Á ‡ ªì π Õ“®“√¬å ¢ ÕߺâŸ
‡¢’¬π ‰¥â·°à
Ò. æ≈µ√’ æ√–‡®â “ «√«ß»å ‡ ∏Õ
°√¡À¡◊Ëππ√“∏‘ªæß»åª√–æ—π∏å (µ—Èß·µà
§√—Èߥ”√ß∞“π—π¥√»—°¥‘χªìπÀ¡àÕ¡‡®â“
«√√≥‰«∑¬“°√ «√«√√≥)
Ú.À≈«ß‡∑æ¥√ÿ≥“πÿ»‘…Æå (∑«’
∏√¡∏—™ ª.˘)
Û.æ√–∏√√¡π‘‡∑»∑«¬À“≠ (Õ¬Ÿà
Õÿ¥¡»‘≈ªá ª.˘)
Ù.æ√–«√‡«∑¬åæ‘ ‘∞ («√‡«∑¬å
»‘«–»√‘¬“ππ∑å) Õ.¥. °‘µµ‘¡»—°¥‘Ï
ı. æ√– “√ª√–‡ √‘∞ (µ√’ 𓧖-
ª√–∑’ª ª.˜)
ˆ. æ√–¬“Õπÿ ¡ “π√“™∏π (¬ß
‡ ∞’¬√‚°‡»» Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π) Õ.¥.
°‘µµ‘¡»—°¥å
˜.æ√–¬“Õÿª°‘µ»‘≈ª “√ (π‘Ë¡
°“≠®π“™’«– ª.ˆ).
§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡
™ÿ¥π’È ‡ªìπ™ÿ¥∑’Ë°√–∑√«ß∏√√¡°“√¡’
§” —Ëß·µàßµ—È߇¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ú˘ °—𬓬π
æ.». ÚÙ˜ı µ—Èß·µà¬—ß¡‘‰¥â¡’√“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.
µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ËÕ√—∞∫“≈‰¥â®—¥µ—Èß√“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¢÷πÈ „π æ.». ÚÙ˜ˆ ·≈â«
°“√·°â¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘∑“ߥâ“π¿“…“‰∑¬

°√–∑√«ß∏√√¡°“√‰¥â ‚ Õπß“π™”√–
ª∑“πÿ ° √¡æ√â Õ ¡∑—È ß §≥–°√√¡°“√
™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡¡“„Àâ√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π∑”ß“π ◊∫µàÕ‰ª. °√√¡°“√
∫“ß∑à“π°Á‰¥â≈â¡À“¬µ“¬®“°‰ª ¡’
°“√·µàßµ—Èß°√√¡°“√‡¢â“∑¥·∑π·≈–
‡æ‘¡Ë ‡µ‘¡ ‰¥â·°à
Ò. æ√–¬“‚°…“°√«‘®“√≥å (∫ÿ≠-
»√’ ª√–¿“»‘√‘)
Ú.π“¬©Ë” ∑Õߧ”«√√≥ ª.Û
Û.¡.√.«. ‡∑«“∏‘√“™ ª.¡“≈“°ÿ≈
Ù.æ√“À¡≥å ª. .»“ µ√’ B.A.
(Madras)
ı. 𓬪√–¬Ÿ√ ∏™“≈ÿ¿—Ø
ˆ. æ√–√“™∏√√¡π‘ ‡ ∑» (‡æ’ ¬ √
√“™∏√√¡π‘‡∑»)
˜.π“¬«ß»å ‡™“«π–°«’
¯. æ√–¬“«‘ ÿ∑∏“°√ (·¡âπ ∑√√-
∑√“ππ∑å (π.∫.∑.)
˘. æ√– ¡∫— µ‘ ∏— ≠ ≠º≈ (¡.≈.
‡≈◊ËÕπ Õ‘»√“ß°Ÿ√)
Ò. æ√–æ‘π‘®«√√≥°“√ (· ß
 “≈‘µÿ≈ ª.ˆ)
ÒÒ. 𓬇®√‘≠ Õ‘π∑√‡°…µ√
ª.˘.
§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡‰¥â
ª√–™ÿ¡°—π§√—Èß·√°‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ı µÿ≈“§¡
æ.». ÚÙ˜ı ‚¥¬¡’‡®â“æ√–¬“∏√√¡-
»—°¥‘¡Ï πµ√’ ‡ π“∫¥’°√–∑√«ß∏√√¡°“√
‡ªìπª√–∏“π ·≈–ª√–™ÿ¡§√—Èß ÿ¥∑⓬
‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ¯ ¡’π“§¡ æ.». ÚÙ˘Û
√«¡ª√–™ÿ¡ Ò,ÚÚ˘ §√—ßÈ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Ò˜
ªï‡»… ®÷߉¥â¡º’ ≈ÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπ çæ®π“-
πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.».
ÚÙ˘Ûé.
‡¡◊ÕË ºâ‡âŸ ¢’¬π‰¥â‡¢â“√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–
®”πߧå ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘∞
°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡„π ¡—¬·√°
π—πÈ ‰¥â¡‚’ Õ°“ √à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡°—∫°√√¡°“√
™”√–æ®π“πÿ ° √¡™ÿ ¥ ·√°∑’Ë ¬— ß ¡’ ™’ «‘ µ
Õ¬Ÿà§◊Õ
Ò. æ≈µ√’ æ√–‡®â “ «√«ß»å ‡ ∏Õ
°√¡À¡◊Ëππ√“∏‘ªæß»åª√–æ—π∏å
Ú.»“ µ√“®“√¬å æ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π-
√“™∏π
Û.æ√–∏√√¡π‘‡∑»∑«¬À“≠
Ù.æ√–ªØ‘‡«∑¬å«»‘ Ø‘ ∞å
ı. Õ“®“√¬å‡°…¡ ∫ÿ≠»√’
ˆ. Õ“®“√¬å°”™—¬ ∑ÕßÀ≈àÕ
˜.»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.§ÿ≥∫√√®∫
æ—π∏ÿ‡¡∏“
¯. Õ“®“√¬å«ß»å ‡™“«π–°«’
˘. Õ“®“√¬å‡®√‘≠ Õ‘π∑√‡°…µ√
µàÕ¡“°Á¡°’ √√¡°“√∑’‰Ë ¥â√∫— ·µàßµ—ßÈ
‡¢â“¡“∑¥·∑π§≥–°√√¡°“√∫“ß∑à“π
∑’ˉ¥â≈à«ß≈—∫‰ª·≈â« ‰¥â·°à
Ò. §ÿ≥À≈«ß∫ÿ‡√»√∫”√ÿß°“√
Ú.Õ“®“√¬å∑«’ ∑«’«√√∏π–
Û.¢ÿπ«‘®µ‘ √¡“µ√“
Ù.𓬠∂‘µ¬å ‡ ¡“π‘≈
ı. Õ“®“√¬å∑Õß ◊∫ »ÿ¿–¡“√å§
(ª.˘).
ª√–∏“π°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ-
°√¡„π ¡—¬·√°Ê °Á§Õ◊ 𓬰√“™∫—≥-
±‘µ¬ ∂“π ·µà°¡Á π’ “¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π∫“ß∑à“π¡‘‰¥â‡¢â“ª√–™ÿ¡. 𓬰
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π∑’ˉ¥â∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ
ª√–∏“π§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡
„π ¡—¬·√°Ê ‰¥â·°à
Ò. »“ µ√“®“√¬å æ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π-
√“™∏π
Ú.æ≈µ√’ æ√–‡®â “ «√«ß»å ‡ ∏Õ
°√¡À¡◊πË π√“∏‘ªæß»åª√–æ—π∏å
ˆÚ˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
Û.Õ“®“√¬å °ÿ ®‘ π‘¡¡“π‡À¡‘π∑å
Ù.»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.‡ √‘¡ «‘π‘®-
©—¬°ÿ≈.
§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡
 ¡—¬·√°π—πÈ ¡’ ¿ÿ “æ µ√’‡æ’¬ß§π‡¥’¬«
§◊ Õ »“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.§ÿ ≥ ∫√√®∫
æ—π∏ÿ‡¡∏“ ‡∑à“π—Èπ. „π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–
°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ ° √¡·µà ≈ –§√—È ß
°√√¡°“√®–Õ¿‘ª√“¬°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’‡Àµÿ¡’
º≈ ¡’∑’Ë¡“∑’ˉª‡ªìπ¢âÕÕâ“ßՑߪ√–°Õ∫.
ª√–∏“π§≥–°√√¡°“√®–π—Ëßøíߧ«“¡
§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¢Õß°√√¡°“√·µà≈–§πÕ¬à“ß
‡ß’¬∫Ê ‡¡◊ËÕ°√√¡°“√Õ¿‘ª√“¬°—π¬—ß
À“¢âÕ¬ÿµ‘‰¡à‰¥â ª√–∏“π°√√¡°“√‚¥¬
‡©æ“–æ≈µ√’ æ√–‡®â“«√«ß»å‡∏Õ °√¡-
À¡◊Ë π π√“∏‘ ª æß»å ª √–æ— π ∏å ® –√— ∫  —Ë ß
‡ πÕ∫∑𑬓¡µàÕ∑’˪√–™ÿ¡ ‚¥¬∑√ß
ª√–¡«≈§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¢Õß°√√¡°“√
·µà≈–§π·≈â«∑√ß √ÿª‡ªìπ∫∑𑬓¡.
·≈â«∑√ߢէ«“¡‡ÀÁπµàÕ∑’˪√–™ÿ¡«à“
∫∑𑬓¡∑’ˇ πÕπ’È∑’˪√–™ÿ¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫
‰À¡ À√◊Õ®–¡’¢âÕµ‘µ‘ߪ√–°“√„¥ ∂â“∑’Ë
ª√–™ÿ¡‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬°Á‡ªìπÕ—π¬ÿµ‘. ·µà∂â“∑’Ë
ª√–™ÿ¡‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬ æ√–Õߧå°Á®–∑√ß
‡ πÕ∫∑𑬓¡·∫∫∑’Ë Ú ´÷ßË ∑√߇µ√’¬¡
 ”√Õ߉«â·≈â«. ∂â“∑’˪√–™ÿ¡¬—߉¡à‡ÀÁπ
¥â«¬ æ√–Õߧ宖√—∫ —Ëß«à“ ¢Õ𔉪
æ‘®“√≥“µàÕ∑’Ë«—ß §√“«Àπâ“®–π”¡“
‡ πÕ„À¡à.  à«π»“ µ√“®“√¬åæ√–¬“
Õπÿ ¡ “π√“™∏ππ—È π ‡ªì π Õ’ ° ·∫∫Àπ÷Ë ß
§◊Õ∑à“π· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«
°—∫°√√¡°“√§πÕ◊ËπÊ ·≈–∂⓬—ßµ°≈ß
°—π‰¡à‰¥â ∑à“π°Á®–¢Õ„Àâºà“π‰ª°àÕπ.
·≈â « §√“«Àπâ “ ∑à “ π°Á ® –π”∫∑π‘ ¬ “¡
„À¡à¡“‡ πÕ∑’˪√–™ÿ¡ ∫“ß∑’∑à“π°Á
‡¢’¬π∫∑𑬓¡„ à‡»…°√–¥“…¡“„Àâ.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
∑à“π∫Õ°«à“‡«≈“π÷°∫∑𑬓¡ÕÕ°π—Èπ
À“ ¡ÿ¥∫—π∑÷°À√◊Õ ¡ÿ¥©’°‰¡à‰¥â ‰¥â
°√–¥“…Õ–‰√Õ¬Ÿà„°≈â¡◊Õ°ÁµâÕß√’∫‡¢’¬π
‡¥’ά«®–≈◊¡. °√–¥“…∫“ß™‘Èπ ∑à“π§ß
®–©’°ÕÕ°®“°√‘¡Ê °√–¥“…Àπ—ß ◊Õ
æ‘¡æåπ—Ëπ‡Õß.
°“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ °√√¡°“√™”√–
ª∑“πÿ°√¡ „𧫓¡√Ÿâ ÷°¢ÕߺŸâ‡¢’¬π
‡ÀÁπ«à“ πÿ°¡“°. °√√¡°“√·µà≈–§π
µà“ß°Á¡’‡Àµÿº≈∑’Ë®–¡“ π—∫ πÿπÀ√◊Õ
À—°≈â“ß°—π ºŸâ‡¢’¬π™Õ∫®¥§”Õ¿‘ª√“¬
¢Õß°√√¡°“√‡À≈à“π—πÈ §àÕπ¢â“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥
‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡Õ“‰«â ‡ ªì π À≈— ° ∞“π·≈–»÷ ° …“
À“§«“¡√Ÿâ. ∫“ß∑’∑à“π‚µâ·¬âß°—π‰ª
‚µâ·¬âß°—π¡“ °Á¬—ßÀ“¢âÕ¬ÿµ‘‰¡à‰¥â µà“ß
°Áπ‘Ëßß—π‰ªµ“¡Ê °—π ‡æ√“–‰¡à¡’„§√
¬Õ¡„§√ µà“ß°Á 燢’Ȭ«≈“°¥‘πé ¥â«¬
°—π∑—Èßπ—Èπ. Õ¬à“ßπ’Ȫ√–∏“π¡—°®–µâÕß
∑”Àπâ“∑’Ëæ‘®“√≥“·∫∫ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡
‚¥¬π”§«“¡§‘ ¥ ‡ÀÁ π ¢Õß°√√¡°“√
·µà≈–§π¡“º ¡º “π„À⇪ìπÕ—πÀπ÷Ëß
Õ—π‡¥’¬«°—π. πÕ°®“°π—Èπ °√√¡°“√
·µà≈–§π¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ¥â“π¿“…“∫“≈’·≈–
 —π °ƒµ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’. ª√–∏“π°√√¡-
°“√‰¡à ‡ §¬„™â Õ”π“®Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ª √–∏“π
°√√¡°“√‡æ◊ËÕ ç‡º¥Á®°“√é „πß“π
¥â“π«‘™“°“√‡≈¬. °√√¡°“√·µà≈–∑à“π
‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â‡ÀÁπ√“¬™◊ËÕ·≈â«°ÁÕ¥∑’Ë®–π—∫∂◊Õ
„π§ÿ≥«ÿ≤‘·≈–ª√– ∫°“√≥å¢Õß∑à“π
‡ ’¬¡‘‰¥â.
ºŸâ∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’˙૬ª√–∏“π§≥–
°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ °Á§Õ◊
Õ“®“√¬å‡®√‘≠ Õ‘π∑√‡°…µ√ ´÷Ëß∑”
Àπâ“∑’ˇ≈¢“πÿ°“√§≥–°√√¡°“√¡“µ—Èß
·µàµâπ®π∂÷ß√“«Ê æ.». Úı¯. ‡¡◊ËÕ
ºâŸ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π ‰ ¥â ‡ ¢â “ √à « ¡ ª √ – ™ÿ ¡ § ≥ –
°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ ° √¡„π∞“π–ºŸâ
∫— π ∑÷ ° √“¬ß“π°“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ ®π‡¡◊Ë Õ
ª√–∏“π§≥–°√√¡°“√·≈–‡≈¢“πÿ°“√
‡ÀÁ π «à “ ºŸâ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π¡’ § «“¡‡¢â “ „®„πß“π
™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡·≈â« ®÷߉¥â·µàßµ—Èß„Àâ
ºŸ‡â ¢’¬π∑”Àπâ“∑’‡Ë ≈¢“πÿ°“√§≥–°√√¡-
°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡·∑πÕ“®“√¬å‡®√‘≠
Õ‘π∑√‡°…µ√ ‡æ√“–„π ¡—¬π—Èπ ºŸâ∑’Ë®–
∑”Àπâ“∑’‡Ë ªìπ‡≈¢“πÿ°“√§≥–°√√¡°“√
™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡ ¡‘‰¥â¡’Àπâ“∑’ˇ撬ß
∫—π∑÷°√“¬ß“π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡‡∑à“π—πÈ À“°
°Á ∑”Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π °√√¡°“√∑’Ë   “¡“√∂
· ¥ß§«“¡§‘ ¥ ‡ÀÁ π ‰¥â ‡ ™à 𠇥’ ¬ «°— ∫
°√√¡°“√§πÕ◊ËπÊ. ‡æ’¬ß·µàºâŸ‡¢’¬π¡’
∞“𖇪ìπ¥ÿ®≈Ÿ°»‘…¬å¢Õß°√√¡°“√∑—Èß
À≈“¬‡∑à“π—Èπ ‡æ√“–°√√¡°“√∫“ߧπ
‡ªì π Õ“®“√¬å ºâŸ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π ·µà ∑à “ π°Á ‡ ªî ¥
‚Õ°“ „À⠺⟠‡ ¢’ ¬ π‰¥â ·  ¥ß§«“¡§‘ ¥
‡ÀÁπÕ¬à“߇µÁ¡∑’Ë·≈–„Àâ™à«¬∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë
‡¢’¬π∫∑𑬓¡¥â«¬.
‡ªìπ∑’Ëπà“‡ ’¬¥“¬∑’Ë∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å
 ÿ°‘® π‘¡¡“π‡À¡‘π∑å ‰¥â∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë
ª√–∏“π§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ-
°√¡„π™—Ë«√–¬–‡«≈“Õ—π —Èπ ∑à“π°Á∂÷ß
Õπ‘®°√√¡‰ª‡ ’¬°àÕπ ∑—ÈßÊ ∑’Ë∑à“π
‡ªìππ—°ª√“™≠å∑’ˬ‘Ëß„À≠à§πÀπ÷ËߢÕß
‰∑¬. ª√–∏“π§≥–°√√¡°“√§π
µà Õ ¡“§◊ Õ »“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.‡ √‘ ¡
«‘π‘®©—¬°ÿ≈ ·¡â∑à“π®–‡™’ˬ«™“≠∑“ß
¥â“π°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·≈–°“√§≈—ß ·µà∑à“π°Á
 π„®„π¿“…“∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ¡“° ∑à“π
¡— ° ∂“¡∑à “ πÕ“®“√¬å ‡ ®√‘ ≠ Õ‘ π ∑√-
‡°…µ√‡ ¡Õ ·≈–∑à“π»“ µ√“®“√¬å
¥√.‡ √‘¡ «‘π‘®©—¬°ÿ≈ π’È·À≈–∑’ˇªìπ
°”≈— ß  ”§— ≠ º≈— ° ¥— π „Àâ æ ®π“πÿ ° √¡
©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÚı
ˆÛ
ºà“πÕÕ°¡“∑”ª√–‚¬™πå„π¥â“πÕ—°…√-
»“ µ√å „ Àâ · °à « ß°“√»÷ ° …“¢Õß™“µ‘
‰∑¬¡“°. ∑à“π‡ªìπª√–∏“π∑’Ë¡’®‘µ„®
°«â“ߢ«“ß ·≈–„À⇰’¬√µ‘°√√¡°“√∑ÿ°
§π‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß Ÿß¡“°.
„π ¡—¬∑’˺⟇¢’¬π‰¥â‡¢â“√à«¡‡ªìπ
°√√¡°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ¡—¬·√°Ê
π—Èπ „π√“¬π“¡°√√¡°“√®–¡’ 纟â·∑π
®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬é √«¡Õ¬Ÿà
¥â«¬ ‡æ√“–§ß®–∂◊Õ«à“®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡ªìπ ∂“∫—πÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“
·Àà ß ·√°∑’Ë ‡ ªî ¥  Õπ ç§≥–Õ— ° …√-
»“ µ√åé ´÷Ëß∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ ∂“∫—π∑’Ë √â“ß
π—°Õ—°…√»“ µ√å„À⇪ìπª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ
ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘¡“°. ·¡â«à“®–¡’™◊ËÕ çºŸâ
·∑π®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬é ‡ªìπ
ºŸâ·∑π°Á®√‘ß ·µà‚¥¬¿“§ªØ‘∫—µ‘·≈â« ºŸâ
∑’Ë®–¡“‡ªìπºŸâ·∑π §◊Õ À—«Àπâ“¿“§
«‘ ™ “¿“…“‰∑¬ §≥–Õ— ° …√»“ µ√å
‡¡◊ÕË „§√‡ªìπÀ—«Àπâ“¿“§«‘™“¿“…“‰∑¬
°Á®–¡“‡¢â“√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡ ‡¡◊ËÕÀ—«Àπâ“
¿“§«‘™“¿“…“‰∑¬‡ª≈’ˬπ§π À—«Àπâ“
¿“§«‘™“¿“…“‰∑¬§π„À¡à°Á®–¡“‡ªìπ
ºŸ·â ∑π ◊∫µàÕ°—π¡“‡™àππ’‡È ªìπ‡«≈“π“π.
µà Õ ¡“π‚¬∫“¬π’È °Á ‰ ¥â ‡ ª≈’Ë ¬ π‰ªµ“¡
ç°ÆÕπ‘®®—ßé §◊Õ µàÕ¡“‰¥â·µàßµ—ßÈ ∫ÿ§§≈
∑’ˇ§¬¡“ª√–™ÿ¡„ππ“¡¢Õß çºŸâ·∑π
®ÿ à “≈ß°√≥å ¡ À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ é ‡ªì π
°√√¡°“√µ—«®√‘߉ª∑”„À⧫“¡ —¡æ—π∏å
√–À«à“ß ç√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“πé °—∫
ç®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬é „π°“√
™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡ ‘Èπ ÿ¥≈ß. µàÕ¡“°Á‰¥â
¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß‚¥¬‡Õ“π“¡∫ÿ§§≈
≈ß·∑πµ”·ÀπàßÀ¡¥ ‡™àπ ºŸâ∑’ˇªìπ
𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π®–µâÕ߇ªìπ
ª√–∏“π§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡
°“√·°â¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘∑“ߥâ“π¿“…“‰∑¬

‚¥¬µ”·Àπàß. ‡¡◊ËÕµâÕ߇Փ™◊ËÕºŸâ∑’Ë∑”
Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π 𓬰√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π
‡ªì π ª√–∏“π§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–
ª∑“πÿ°√¡·≈â« ºŸâ∑’Ë®–¡“‡ªìπ𓬰
√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π§πµà Õ ¡“°Á ‰ ¡à ¡’
 ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–‡ªìπª√–∏“π°√√¡°“√™”√–
ª∑“πÿ°√¡∑—ÈßÊ ∑’ˇªìπºŸâµâÕß√—∫º‘¥
™Õ∫ß“πæ®π“πÿ°√¡´÷Ë߇ªìπß“πÀ≈—°
¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π, ∑”„Àâ𓬰
√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π∑’Ë ¡‘ ‰ ¥â ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ µ“¡
√–∫ÿ‰«â‰¡à¡’‚Õ°“ ∑√“∫§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª
¢Õßß“π™”√–æ®π“πÿ ° √¡ ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π
‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ëπà“‡ªìπÀà«ßÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß.
„π ¡—¬∑’Ë»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.∫ÿ≠-
惰…å ®“Ø“¡√– ‡ªìπ𓬰√“™∫—≥-
±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π ∑à “ π‡ªì π √“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ
 ”π— ° «‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å · µà ∑à “ π°Á ¡’ § «“¡
 π„®ß“πÕ—°…√»“ µ√å¡“° §”»—æ∑å
µà“ßÊ „πæ®π“πÿ°√¡ à«π¡“°‡ªìπ
»—æ∑å∫“≈’·≈– —π °ƒµ‚¥¬µ√ß À√◊Õ
¡’√“°»—æ∑å¡“®“°¿“…“∫“≈’·≈– —π-
 °ƒµ ´÷Ëß∑à“π‰¡à§àÕ¬∑√“∫ ·µà∑à“π°Á
¡—°´—°∂“¡À“§«“¡√ŸâÕ¬Ÿà‡ ¡Õ ∑”„Àâ
ß“π™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡‡ªìπ‰ª¥â«¬¥’. ·¡â
 ¡—¬∑’Ë»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.ª√–¬Ÿ√ °“≠-
®π¥ÿ≈ ‡ªìπ𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
∑à“π‡™’Ë¬«™“≠∑“ߥâ“π°ÆÀ¡“¬ ∂â“
‡ªìπ»—æ∑å∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫∫“≈’·≈– —π °ƒµ
∂â“∑à“π‰¡à∑√“∫ ∑à“π°Á®–´—°∂“¡Õ¬Ÿà
‡ ¡Õ.
®ÿ¥ÕàÕπ¢Õߧ≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–
ª∑“πÿ ° √¡´÷Ë ß µà Õ ¡“‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π™◊Ë Õ ‡ªì π
ç§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ°√¡é
π—πÈ °Á§Õ◊ °√√¡°“√ à«π¡“°‰¡à¡§’ «“¡√Ÿâ
‡°’ˬ«°—∫¿“…“∫“≈’·≈– —π °ƒµ¡“°
π—°. Õ’° à«πÀπ÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ¢â“√“™°“√„π
®”πߧå ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘∞
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡Õß ®÷ß¡—°¡’§«“¡
‡°√ßÕ°‡°√ß„®À√◊Õ‡°√ß°≈—«ª√–∏“π
§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ®π
‰¡à ° ≈â “ ∑’Ë ® –· ¥ß§«“¡§‘ ¥ ‡ÀÁ π ·¡â
°√√¡°“√∫“ß§π®–· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ
·µà°Á‰¡à®√‘ß®—ßπ—° ‡¡◊ËÕª√–∏“π§≥–
°√√¡°“√‡ÀÁπ«à“§«√®–‡Õ“Õ¬à“ßπ’È ∑’Ë
ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–°√√¡°“√°Á‰¡à¡’„§√°≈â“
§—¥§â“π ∫“ߧ√—Èß°Á∑”„À⺟⇢’¬π‡Õß
´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π °√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ ° √¡
°√√¡°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ®π“πÿ°√¡ ·≈–
°√√¡°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ°√¡µ‘¥µàÕ°—π
¡“°«à“ Ûı ªï·≈â« ‡°‘¥§«“¡‡∫◊ÕË Àπà“¬
®π∫“ß∑’°Á‰¡à‡¢â“ª√–™ÿ¡Õ¬Ÿà∫àÕ¬Ê.
𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“πµàÕ®“°
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.ª√–¬Ÿ√ °“≠®π¥ÿ≈
§◊Õ »“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.ª√–‡ √‘∞ ≥ π§√
∑à“πºŸπâ ‡’È ªìππ—°‚∫√“≥§¥’·≈–¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ
‡™’¬Ë «™“≠„π¥â“π¿“…“∂‘πË ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
∂‘Ëπ擬—æ ·µà∑à“π°Á‰¡à∂𗥄π‡√◊ËÕß
¿“…“∫“≈’·≈– —π °ƒµ. ‡æ√“–©–π—πÈ
∫“ߧ√—Èß∑à“π°Á‰¡à‡ÀÁ𧫓¡ ”§—≠¢Õß
°“√√—°…“√Ÿª∫“≈’·≈– —π °ƒµ‰«â ‡™àπ
§”«à“ 笓‡ æ¬åµ¥‘ é À√◊Õ ç¬“‡ æµ‘¥é
´÷Ëß„πæ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫ æ.». ÚıÚı
∑’Ëæ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë Ò-Ù ‰¥â‡°Á∫§”«à“ 笓
‡ æ¬åµ‘¥é ·≈– 笓‡ æ¬åµ‘¥„Àâ‚∑…é
‰«â. ·µà∑’˧”«à“ 笓‡ æ¬åµ‘¥é „π∫∑
𑬓¡‰¥â∫Õ°«à“ ç„™â«à“ ¬“‡ æµ‘¥ °Á
¡’é. °√√¡°“√ à«π¡“°°Á‰¡à∑√“∫«à“
∑”‰¡®÷߉¥â∫Õ°‰«â«“à ç„™â«“à ¬“‡ æµ‘¥
°Á¡’é °Á‡¢â“„®«à“∑—Èß Ú §”π’È„™â·∑π°—π
‰¥â. §«“¡®√‘ߧ≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–
ª∑“πÿ°√¡·≈–§≥–°√√¡°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß
æ®π“πÿ°√¡µâÕß°“√„Àℙ⧔«à“ 笓
‡ æ¬åµ‘¥é ‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ·µà∑’ˉ¥â
ˆÛÒ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
∑√“∫«à“ ç„™â«“à ¬“‡ æµ‘¥ °Á¡é’ ‡æ√“–
®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬¢Õߧ≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–
ª∑“πÿ°√¡π—ÈπµâÕß°“√√«∫√«¡§”„π
¿“…“‰∑¬∑’Ë„™â°—π‡ªìπ¡“µ√∞“π·≈â«
‡¢â“‰«â„πæ®π“πÿ°√¡.  à«π§”∑’ˉ¡à„™â
·µà„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ çª∑“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫°√¡
µ”√“ °√–∑√«ß∏√√¡°“√é ‰¥â‡°Á∫‰«â
§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ ° √¡ °Á
µ— ¥ ÕÕ°, ‡æ√“–µâ Õ ß°“√„Àâ À π— ß  ◊ Õ
æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ‡ªìπ‡ ¡Õ ç ”¡–‚π§”é
∑’Ë¡’„™â„π¿“…“‰∑¬ ∂Ⓣª‡°Á∫§”∑’Ë
‰¡à¡’„™â °Á®–∑”„Àâ ç ”¡–‚π§”é º‘¥
æ≈“¥‰ª.
„π°“√ª√–™ÿ ¡  ¡“™‘ ° «ÿ ≤‘   ¿“
‡¡◊Ë Õ ‰¥â æ‘ ® “√≥“√à “ ßæ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘
‡°’ˬ«°—∫¬“‡ æµ‘¥´÷Ëß¡’Õ¬ŸàÀ≈“¬©∫—∫
·≈–‰¥âºà“π ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√¡“·≈â«,
æÕ¡“∂÷ß«ÿ≤‘ ¿“ ºâŸ‡¢’¬π‰¥â¢Õ·°â‰¢
§”«à“ 笓‡ æµ‘¥é ‡ªìπ 笓‡ æ¬åµ¥‘ é
‚¥¬„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈«à“ §”«à“ 燠æ¬åµ¥‘ é π—πÈ
æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫ æ.». ÚıÚı æ‘¡æå
§√—Èß∑’Ë ˆ „π æ.». ÚıÛ˘ ‰¥â‡°Á∫‰«â
‡ªì𧔫‘‡»…≥å ‡™à𠬓‡ æ¬åµ‘¥  ‘Ëß
‡ æ¬åµ‘¥  “√‡ æ¬åµ‘¥, ∂â“„™â‡ªìπ§”
°√‘¬“„Àâ„™â«à“ 燠æé ‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß¡’ ¬
°“√—πµå.  ¡“™‘°«ÿ≤‘ ¿“™ÿ¥π—Èπ´÷Ëß
‡ªìπ™ÿ¥ ç·µàßµ—Èßé ™ÿ¥ ÿ¥∑⓬ ¡’ºŸâ∑√ß
§ÿ≥«ÿ≤‘¡“°¡“¬ °Á‰¥âÕ¿‘ª√“¬°—πÕ¬Ÿà
‡°◊Õ∫™—Ë«‚¡ß „π∑’Ë ÿ¥°Á‰¥â≈ß¡µ‘°—π ¡’
ºŸâ‡ÀÁπ«à“§«√„™â 笓‡ æ¬åµ‘¥é °«à“
Ò §π ¡’º‡Ÿâ ÀÁπ«à“§«√„™â 笓‡ æµ‘¥é
‡æ’¬ß Û §π‡»…‡∑à“π—Èπ. „π∑’Ë ÿ¥
«ÿ≤‘ ¿“°Á„Àⷰ≢‡ªìπ 笓‡ æ¬åµ‘¥é
∑—ßÈ À¡¥. ‡¡◊ÕË  à߇√◊ÕË ßπ’°È ≈—∫ ¿“ºŸ·â ∑π
√“…Æ√  ¿“ºŸâ · ∑π‰¡à ‡ ÀÁ π ¥â « ¬°— ∫
«ÿ≤‘ ¿“ ®÷ßµâÕßµ—Èߧ≥–°√√¡“∏‘°“√
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
√à«¡°—π ®”π«π‡∑à“Ê °—π. ‡¡◊Ëպ⟇¢’¬π
‰¥â™’È·®ß „Àâ§≥–°√√¡“∏‘°“√√à«¡°—π
∑√“∫·≈â « °Á ‰ ¥â ≈ ß¡µ‘ °— π Õ’ ° §√—È ß Àπ÷Ë ß
ª√“°Ø«à“‰¥â§–·ππ‡ ’¬ß‡∑à“°—π ∑’Ë
ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–°√√¡“∏‘°“√√à«¡°—π®÷ß¡’
¡µ‘„Àâµ—ÈߢâÕ —߇°µ à߉ª¬—ß ¿“ºŸâ·∑π
√“…Æ√. ∑’°Ë √√¡“∏‘°“√ΩÉ“¬ ¿“ºŸ·â ∑π
√“…Æ√‡ÀÁπ«à“§«√„™â 笓‡ æµ‘¥é °Á
¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈«à“∂â“®–µâÕß·°â‡ªìπ 笓
‡ æ¬åµ‘¥é ·≈â«®–µâÕ߬âÕπ°≈—∫‰ª·°â
æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ∑‘ ‡’Ë °’¬Ë «°—∫ 笓‡ æµ‘¥é
∑’Ë ºà “ π√— ∞  ¿“‰ª·≈â « Õ’ ° À≈“¬©∫— ∫
‡°√ß«à“®–‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕ߬ÿà߬“°  à«π∑’˺âŸ
‡¢’¬π™’È·®ß«à“µâÕß„™â 笓‡ æ¬åµ‘¥é
π—È π °Á ¥â « ¬‡Àµÿ º ≈∑“ߥ⠓ π¿“…“.
πÕ°®“°π—Èπ°Á¡’ çª√–°“» ”π—°π“¬°
√—∞¡πµ√’ ‡√◊ÕË ß√–‡∫’¬∫°“√„™âµ«—  –°¥é
∑’ˉ¥â√–∫ÿ‰«â«à“ ç∫√√¥“Àπ—ß ◊Õ√“™°“√
·≈–°“√»÷°…“‡≈à“‡√’¬π„π‚√߇√’¬π „Àâ
„™â –°¥µ“¡√–‡∫’¬∫·≈–æ®π“πÿ°√¡
©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÚı
‡ ¡Õ‰ªé ·¡â µà Õ ¡“ª√–∏“π§≥–
°√√¡°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“
§«√„™â 笓‡ æµ‘¥é ‡æ’¬ß√Ÿª‡¥’¬«
·µà‡¡◊ËÕ©∫—∫ª√—∫ª√ÿß„À¡à ¬—ß¡‘‰¥âµ’
æ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à·≈–¬—ß¡‘‰¥â¡’ çª√–°“»
 ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’ ‡√◊ËÕß√–‡∫’¬∫
°“√„™âµ—« –°¥é ©∫—∫„À¡à °Á®–µâÕß
ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡ çª√–°“» ”π— ° 𓬰
√—∞¡πµ√’œé ©∫—∫≈ß«—π∑’Ë ÚÚ ‡¡…“¬π
æ.». ÚıÚˆ µàÕ‰ª. ‡√◊ËÕßπ’È√“™∫—≥-
±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡Õß°Á∑”‰¡à∂Ÿ°∑’ˉ¥â·®âß„Àâ
 ◊ËÕ¡«≈™π„™â§”«à“ 笓‡ æµ‘¥é ‡æ’¬ß
§”‡¥’¬«.
‚¥¬‡Àµÿ ∑’Ë § ≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–
æ®π“πÿ°√¡™ÿ¥ªí®®ÿ∫—π  à«πÀπ÷Ë߇ªìπ
π— ° ¿“…“»“ µ√å   ¡— ¬ „À¡à ´÷Ë ß ‰¡à ¡’
§«“¡√Ÿâ¿“…“∫“≈’·≈– —π °ƒµ‡æ’¬ß
æÕ °Á¡—°®–Õâ“ßÀ≈—°¿“…“»“ µ√å«à“
§”π—Èπ®–µâÕßÕà“πÕ¬à“ßπ—ÈπÕ¬à“ßπ’È º‘¥
°—∫∑’Ë∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…‰¥â‡§¬°”Àπ¥‰«â ´÷Ëß
 à«π„À≠à®–„ÀâÕà“πµ“¡À≈—° ∂â“„§√
®–Õà “ πµ“¡§«“¡π‘ ¬ ¡°Á ‰ ¡à ∂◊ Õ «à “ º‘ ¥
‡√◊ËÕßÕ¬à“ßπ’È ·¡â·µàæ≈µ√’ æ√–‡®â“
«√«ß»å‡∏Õ °√¡À¡◊Ëππ√“∏‘ªæß»åª√–-
æ—π∏å °Á∑√ß™’È·®ß«à“§”«à“ çª√—™≠“é
‡ªì 𠧔∑’Ë æ √–Õߧå ∑ √ßπ”„™â °à Õ π
æ√–ÕߧåµÕâ ß°“√„ÀâÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß«à“ çª⁄√¥— -
™–-¬“é ‡¡◊ËÕ°√√¡°“√ à«π„À≠à‡ÀÁπ
«à“§«√Õà“π«à“ çª⁄√—¥-¬“é æ√–Õߧå°Á
‰¡à«à“Õ–‰√ ·µàæ√–Õߧå°Á∑√߬◊π¬—π
µâÕß°“√„ÀâÕà“π«à“ çª⁄√—¥-™–-¬“é.
·¡â§”«à“ çÕ“™≠“é °Á‡™àπ°—π ‡¡◊ËÕ∑’Ë
ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–°√√¡°“√‡ÀÁπ«à“§«√Õà“π
«à“ çÕ“¥-¬“é æ√–Õߧ尉Á ¡à∑√ß«à“Õ–‰√
§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ ° √¡™ÿ ¥
ªí®®ÿ∫—π‡ÀÁπ«à“§«√Õà“π‰¥â∑—Èß Ú ·∫∫
‚¥¬®–∫Õ°§”Õà “ πµ“¡À≈— ° ‰«â °à Õ π
·≈–Õà“πµ“¡§«“¡π‘¬¡‰«âÀ≈—ß. ®“°
¢âÕÕâ“ß«à“§«√Õà“πµ“¡§«“¡π‘¬¡¢Õß
ª√–™“™π à«π„À≠àπ’ȇÕß µàÕ¡“§”«à“
ç —ª¥“Àåé ∑’Ë√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‰¥â
°”Àπ¥‰«â «à “ „Àâ Õà “ π«à “ ç — ª -¥“é
ªí®®ÿ∫—π§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ-
°√¡ °Á∫Õ°«à“Õà“π«à“ ç —∫-ª–-¥“é
°Á‰¥â ‚¥¬Õâ“ß«à“·¡â·µàºŸâÀ≈—°ºŸâ„À≠à„π
∫â “ π‡¡◊ Õ ß à « π¡“°°Á ® –ÕÕ°‡ ’ ¬ ß«à “
ç —∫-ª–-¥“é ∑—Èßπ—Èπ · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“
·¡â ° √√¡°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ ° √¡„π
ªí®®ÿ∫—π°Á‰¡à§àÕ¬¬÷¥À≈—°„π¥â“π¿“…“
¡“°π—°. ∑”„ÀâºâŸ‡¢’¬ππ÷°∂÷߇æ◊ËÕπ§π
Àπ÷Ëß´÷Ë߇§¬‡≈à“„À⺟⇢’¬πøíß«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ
ˆÛÚ
 ¡—¬‡√’¬π ¡.¯ ∑’Ë‚√߇√’¬π «π°ÿÀ≈“∫
«‘∑¬“≈—¬ Õ“®“√¬å¿“…“‰∑¬∑à“π∫Õ°
«à“ §”«à“ ç —ª¥“Àåé ∂â“„§√Õà“π«à“
ç — ∫ -ª–-¥“é · ¥ß«à “ ‡ªì π §π
ç —ª¥πé ( —∫-ª–-¥π) ‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ◊ËÕπ
¢â“懮â“∂“¡«à“·≈â«∑”‰¡§”«à“ ç —ª¥πé
®÷߉¡àÕà“π«à“ ç —∫-¥πé ‡≈à“ Õ“®“√¬å
°ÁµÕ∫‰¡à‰¥â. ∑’ˇ≈«√⓬¬‘Ë߉ª°«à“π—Èπ°Á
§◊Õ §”‰∑¬·∑â«à“ 碖¡—°‡¢¡âπé ´÷Ëß
‡¥‘¡∑à“π„ÀâÕ“à π«à“ 碖-¡—°-¢–-‡¡àπé
‡¥’¬Î «π’∑È “à π∫Õ°«à“Õà“π 碖-À⁄¡°— -¢–-
‡¡àπé °Á‰¥â ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ√“–‰¥â¬‘π§π查«à“
碖-À⁄¡—°-¢–-‡¡àπé Õ¬Ÿà‡ ¡Õ. §π∑’Ë
查լà“ßπ—πÈ °Á§ß‡ªìπ‡æ√“–‡¢“‰¡à∑√“∫
«à “ ‡¢’ ¬ πÕ¬à “ ߉√ ‡¢“Õ“®§‘ ¥ «à “ §ß
‡¢’¬π«à“ 碡—°‡¢¡âπé ∂Ⓡ¢’¬πÕ¬à“ß
π’È°ÁµâÕßÕà“π«à“ 碖-À⁄¡—°-¢–-‡¡àπé
·πàπÕπ. ·µà‡¡◊ÕË ‡¢’¬π«à“ 碖¡—°‡¢¡âπé
®–Õà“π«à“ 碖-À⁄¡—°-¢–-‡¡àπé ‰¥â
Õ¬à“߉√ ‡æ√“–¡‘„™à§”∑’Ë∂Õ¥¡“®“°
¿“…“Ω√—Ëß Õ¬à“߇™àπ ç°–√—µé °ÁÕÕ°
‡ ’¬ß«à“ ç°–-À⁄√—¥é‰¥â.
‡√◊ËÕß°“√Õà“πµ“¡À≈—°·≈–µ“¡
§«“¡π‘ ¬ ¡π’È §≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–
ª∑“πÿ ° √¡∑à “ π欓¬“¡¬÷ ¥ À≈— ° „Àâ
¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ∑’ËÕà“πµ“¡§«“¡π‘¬¡®–„Àâ
¡’πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥ Õ¬à“߇™àπ§”«à“ ç¿√√¬“,
 √√‡ √‘≠é Õà“πµ“¡À≈—°«à“ çæ—π-¬“,
 —π-‡ ‘πé ·µà‡¡◊ËÕª√–™“™π à«π„À≠à
ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß«à“ çæ—π-√–-¬“,  —π-√–-
‡ ‘πé °ÁÕπÿ‚≈¡„ÀâÕà“π Ú Õ¬à“߉¥â,
·µà§”«à“ ç¿√√¥“, ∫√√¬“¬, ¡√√¬“∑é
∑à “ π¬— ß „Àâ Õà “ πµ“¡À≈— ° ‡æ’ ¬ ßÕ¬à “ ß
‡¥’¬««à“ çæ—π-¥“, ∫—π-¬“¬, ¡—π-¬“¥é
·µàµàÕ‰ª°√√¡°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ°√¡
Õ“®Õπÿ‚≈¡„ÀâÕà“π çæ—π-√–-¥“, ∫—π-
°“√·°â¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘∑“ߥâ“π¿“…“‰∑¬

√–-¬“¬, ¡—π-√–-¬“¥é °Á‰¥âÕ¬à“ß
·πàπÕπ. ‡√◊ËÕßπ’È œæ≥œ æ≈‡Õ° ‡ª√¡
µ‘≥ Ÿ≈“ππ∑å ª√–∏“πÕߧ¡πµ√’·≈–
√—∞∫ÿ√…ÿ ‡ªìπÀà«ß¡“° ∑à“π‡ÀÁπ«à“√“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π§«√®–‡ªìπÀ≈—°„π‡√◊ÕË ßπ’È
‚¥¬‰¡à § «√¬Õ¡„Àâ § π à « πÀπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë ¡’
§«“¡√Ÿâ„π‡√◊ËÕß¿“…“πâÕ¬™—°®Ÿß‰ª‰¥â
ßà“¬Ê ‡æ√“–∂â“√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
‡ªìπÀ≈—°„Àâ‰¡à‰¥â·≈â« „§√®–‡ªìπÀ≈—°
„π¥â“π¿“…“‰¥â‡≈à“.
‡¡◊Ë Õ °≈à “ «∂÷ ß °“√Õà “ πµ“¡À≈— °
°—∫°“√Õà“πµ“¡§«“¡π‘¬¡·≈â« ºŸ‡â ¢’¬π
°Áπ÷°∂÷ߧÿ≥æ√–∏√√¡π‘‡∑»∑«¬À“≠
°√√¡°“√™”√–ª∑“πÿ°√¡∑’˺⟇¢’¬π‰¥â
¡’‚Õ°“ ‡¢â“√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡°—∫∑à“π. ∑à“π
‡ªìπ§π∑’˵√ß¡“° ¬÷¥À≈—°°“√Õ¬à“ß
‡À𒬫·πà𠇙à𠧔«à“ ç‡Õ°√“™é
(‡Õ°-°–-√“¥) ∑à“π®–ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß«à“
ç‡Õ°-°–-À⁄√“¥é ‡ ¡Õ‰ª ‚¥¬„Àâ
‡Àµÿº≈«à“∑’§”«à“ ç»—°√“™é ∑”‰¡
ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß«à“ ç —°-°–-À⁄√“¥é ‡≈à“.
§”«à“ ç‡Õ°√“™é °Á¡√’ ªŸ ·∫∫§≈â“¬Ê °—π
§◊Õ ç°é π” ç√“™é  à«π§”«‘ “¡“π-
¬π“¡π—Èπ‡ªìπÕ’°‡√◊ËÕßÀπ÷Ëß ∑’ËÕà“πµ“¡
À≈—°°Á¡’ Õà“πµ“¡§«“¡π‘¬¡°Á¡’ ‡™àπ
®—ßÀ«—¥™—¬¿Ÿ¡‘ Õà“π 牙-¬–-柡é
·µà®ß— À«—¥™—¬π“∑ ‰¡àÕ“à π«à“ 牙-¬–-
π“¥é °√¡™≈ª√–∑“π ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß«à“
ç™π-≈–-ª⁄√–-∑“πé ·µà®ß— À«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’
„ÀâÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß«à“ ç™π-∫ÿ-√’é. ‡√◊ËÕßπ’È
‡ªìπªí≠À“„À≠à ”À√—∫§√Ÿ∫“Õ“®“√¬å
∑’ Ë Õπ«‘™“¿“…“‰∑¬ „π∞“π–∑’ºË ‡âŸ ¢’¬π
°Á‡ªìπ°√√¡°“√ Õ.°§. ‡°’ˬ«°—∫¿“…“
‰∑¬·≈–æ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“ ‡¡◊ËÕÕ“®“√¬å
„Àâπ°— ‡√’¬π∑”·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥·∫∫ çª√π—¬é
«à“§”„¥Õà“πÕ¬à“߉√ ∫“ß∑’Õ“®“√¬å°Á
®”πߧå ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘∞
‡©≈¬º‘¥ ‡æ√“–‰ª‡Õ“‡Õ° “√ çÕà“π
Õ¬à“߉√·≈–‡¢’¬πÕ¬à“߉√é ¢Õß√“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ´÷Ëßæ‘¡æå§√—Èß·√°Ê ¡“
„™â ®÷߉¡à∑—π°—∫‡Àµÿ°“√≥å. ∂â“®–„™â
‡Õ° “√™ÿ ¥ π’È ¡ “Õâ “ ß µâ Õ ß„™â © ∫— ∫ ∑’Ë
æ‘¡æå≈à“ ÿ¥ ‡æ√“–°“√Õà“πÕ“®¡’°“√
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉¥â ¡‘©–π—Èπ ®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ
«à“Õ“®“√¬å‡ªìπ§π≈â“ ¡—¬ ‰¡à∑—π¬ÿ§
 ¡—¬ °≈“¬‡ªìπ§π çµ°¬ÿ§é ‰ª.
¿“…“‰∑¬¥Ÿ®–‰¡à¬“° ‡æ√“–‡¡◊ÕË
‡°‘¥¡“‡ªìπ§π‰∑¬ °Á查¿“…“‰∑¬‰¥â
ªí≠À“®÷ßÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë«à“ ‡æ’¬ß查‰¥âπ—Èπ¬—߉¡à
æÕ ®–µâÕß ç查‡ªìπé §◊Õ查„Àâ∂Ÿ°
À≈—°¿“…“ ∂Ÿ°À≈—°‰«¬“°√≥å ¥â«¬.
¢≥–π’È»“ µ√“®“√¬å 𓬷æ∑¬å
Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«– ‡ªìπ𓬰√“™-
∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π§π≈à “  ÿ ¥ ·µà ∑à “ π°Á
¡‘‰¥â‡ªìπª√–∏“π§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–
æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ®÷߉¡à¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â∑√“∫«à“
„π°“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ §≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–
æ®π“πÿ ° √¡π—È π ‡¢“∑”°— π Õ¬à “ ߉√
∑à“π°Á∑√“∫‡∑à“∑’ˇ®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë√“¬ß“π
„Àâ∑√“∫‡∑à“π—Èπ. Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ∑à“π
‡ªìπ§π∑’Ë¡’ ç«‘ —¬∑—»πå°«â“߉°≈é æÕ
‡√‘Ë¡∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
∑à “ π°Á µ—È ß §≥–∑’Ë ª √÷ ° …“¥â “ π¿“…“
‰∑¬®”π«π Û §π ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
√“™∫—≥±‘µ ¿“§’ ¡“™‘° ¢â“√“™°“√
™—ÈπºŸâ„À≠à∑’ˇ°…’¬≥Õ“¬ÿ√“™°“√·≈â«
π—°Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå·≈– ◊ËÕ¡«≈™πµà“ßÊ,
·≈–‰¥â¡’°“√ª√–™ÿ¡°—π Ú §√—Èß·≈â«
‡æ◊ËÕ·≈°‡ª≈’Ë¬π§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ°—π, ·≈–
¢Õ√âÕß„Àâ∫√√¥“ ◊ËÕ¡«≈™π∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬
™à«¬°—π‡º¬·æ√à°“√„™â¿“…“‰∑¬„Àâ
∂Ÿ°¥â«¬ ´÷Ëß°Á‰¥â√—∫§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°
∫√√¥“∑’˪√÷°…“∑ÿ°§π¥â«¬¥’, · ¥ß
ˆÛÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“»“ µ√“®“√¬å 𓬷æ∑¬å
Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«– ∑à“π‰¥â∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë
‡ªìπ çΩÉ“¬√ÿ°é ∫â“ß·≈â« ‰¡à„™à®–‡ªìπ
·µà çΩÉ“¬√—∫é ‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«¥—ß∑’Ë
ºà“πÊ ¡“.
ªí ≠ À“∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ § π‰∑¬∑—È ß ‡¥Á °
·≈–ºŸâ „ À≠à „ ™â ¿ “…“‰∑¬‰¡à ∂Ÿ ° æŸ ¥
¿“…“‰∑¬‰¡à™—¥ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–µ—« √ ≈
§”§«∫°≈È” ∫“ߧπÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß √ ‡ªìπ
≈ µ—«§«∫°≈È”°ÁÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß‰¡à‰¥â. ‰¡à
µâÕߥŸÕ◊Ëπ‰°≈ ∫√√¥“ ¡“™‘° ¿“ºŸâ
·∑π√“…Æ√ à«π¡“°®–查 √ ‡ªìπ ≈
µ— « §«∫°≈È” °Á Õ Õ°‡ ’ ¬ ߉¡à ‰ ¥â ‡™à π
·∑π∑’Ë ® –æŸ ¥ «à “ ç‡√“¡’ ‚ §√ß°“√®–
µâÕߪ√—∫ª√ÿ߇ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß·°â‰¢„À⥒
¢÷Èπé °Á查«à“ ç‡≈“¡’‚§ß°“√®–µâÕß
ªí∫ªÿ߇ªïò¬π·ªß·°â‰¢„À⥒¢÷Èπé, À√◊Õ
·∑π∑’Ë ® –æŸ ¥ «à “ ç¿“§Õ’   “π°”≈— ß
¢“¥·§≈πé °Á æŸ ¥ «à “ ç¿“§Õ’   “π
°”≈—ߢ“¥·§πé ºŸâ‡¢’¬π°Á‡§¬æŸ¥≈âÕ
«à“ ∂â“¿“§Õ’ “π¢“¥·§π®√‘ßÊ °Á —Ëß
ç·§πé ¡“®“°‡¡◊Õß≈“«‰¥â. ∫“ߧπ
°Á¡—°®–Õâ“ß«à“‡ªìπ§πµà“ß®—ßÀ«—¥ ™“«
∫â“π‡¢“æŸ¥‰¡à¡’µ—«°≈È”¥Õ° π—Ëπ‡ªìπ
™“«∫â“π ‡¡◊ËÕ‡√“®–‡ªìπºŸâ·∑π¢Õß
ª√–™“™π ®–‡ªìπºŸâÀ≈—°ºŸâ„À≠à„π∫â“π
‡¡◊ Õ ß·≈â « °Á § «√æŸ ¥ „Àâ ™— ¥ ∂â Õ ¬™— ¥ §”
ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß √ ≈ ·≈–µ—«°≈È”„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕß
∂⓬—ßÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß‰¡à‰¥â °ÁµâÕß„™â‡«≈“
Ωñ°À—¥ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß„Àâ∂°Ÿ .
Õ’°ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
√Ÿâ„π√–¥—∫ª√‘≠≠“ ´÷Ëß·¡â‰¡à‡§¬‰ª
‡√’¬π‡¡◊ÕßπÕ°‡≈¬ °Á™Õ∫查‰∑¬ªπ
Ω√—Ëß∫â“ß æŸ¥Ω√—Ëߪπ‰∑¬∫â“ß ‚¥¬‡ÀÁπ
‡ªìπ¢Õß‚°â‡°ã ·µàæÕ∫Õ°„À≪‡®√®“
°—∫Ω√—Ëß°Á‰¡à‡Õ“ ¡—°®–∑”µ—«‡À¡◊Õπ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
π÷°¿“…“‰∑¬‰¡à∑—π π÷°ÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπ
Ω√—Ë߉ªÀ¡¥. π’Ë°Á‡ªìπ‡ÀµÿÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ
‡¥Á°Ê ¡—°æŸ¥‰∑¬·°¡Ω√—ßË µ“¡‰ª¥â«¬.
°“√‡¢’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ°Á‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π
∫“ߧπ‡√’¬π®∫√–¥—∫ª√‘≠≠“·≈â«„Àâ
√à“ßÀπ—ß ◊Õ Õà“π·≈â«°Á‰¡à√Ÿâ‡√◊ËÕß ‡¢’¬π
¿“…“‰∑¬·∑∫®–‰¡à‡ªìπµ—« ºŸâ‡¢’¬π
¡’ ≈Ÿ ° »‘ … ¬å ™ “«µà “ ߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë ¡ À“
«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À“®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥√“™«‘∑¬“≈—¬
À≈“¬√Ÿª ‡ªìπæ√–™“«Õ—ß°ƒ…°Á¡’ ‡ªìπ
™“«√— ‡´’¬°Á¡’. ∑à“π‡À≈à“π’È¡—°®–
‡¢’ ¬ π¿“…“‰∑¬‰¥â ß ¥ß“¡·≈–‡ªì π
√–‡∫’¬∫¬‘Ëß°«à“æ√–‰∑¬‡≥√‰∑¬‡ ’¬
Õ’°.
„π ¡—¬∑’˺⟇¢’¬π‡ªìππ—°‡√’¬π™—Èπ
ª√–∂¡·≈–™—πÈ ¡—∏¬¡ ‡«≈“§√Ÿ„Àâ∑”‡≈¢
°Á®–„À⇢’¬π‡≈¢‰∑¬µ—Èß·µà Ò ∂÷ß 
·∂«Àπ÷Ëß ·≈⫇¢’¬π‡≈¢Õ“√–∫‘°Õ’°
·∂«Àπ÷Ëß ∑”„À⇢’¬π‡≈¢‰¥â «¬ß“¡
∑—ßÈ ‡≈¢‰∑¬·≈–‡≈¢Õ“√–∫‘°. πÕ°®“°
π—πÈ °Á¡’ 秗¥‰∑¬é ·≈– çÕà“πÕÕ°‡ ’¬ßé
∂â“Õà“π‰¡à∂Ÿ° §√Ÿ°Á®–·π–π”„Àâ ·≈–
‡«≈“ Õ∫∂â“Õà“πº‘¥ °Á®–∂Ÿ°À—°§–·ππ
∑”„Àâ∑ÿ°§πµâÕßÀ—¥§—¥≈“¬¡◊Õ ·≈–
Õà“πÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß„Àâ∂°Ÿ µâÕß™—¥‡®π.
ªí≠À“°ÁÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë«à“‡√“®–·°âªí≠À“
¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘„π¥â“π¿“…“‰∑¬°—πÕ¬à“ß
‰√ ®÷ ß ®–∑”„Àâ ¿ “…“‰∑¬¢Õ߇√“¡’
§ÿ ≥ ¿“楒 ° «à “ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π Õ¬Ÿà „ π¢≥–π’È .
ºâŸ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π¡’ § «“¡‡ÀÁ π «à “ §«√®–µâ Õ ß
ª√—∫ª√ÿß·°â‰¢„πÀ≈“¬Ê ¥â“π¥â«¬°—π
§◊Õ
Ò. ®–µâ Õ ß √â “ ß®‘ µ  ”π÷ ° „Àâ § π
‰∑¬∑ÿ°§π∑—È߇¥Á°·≈–ºŸâ„À≠à¡’§«“¡
√— ° ™“µ‘ ¡’ § «“¡¿“§¿Ÿ ¡‘ „ ®„𧫓¡
‡ªìπ‰∑¬ ∑’ˉ¡à‡§¬‡ªìπ‡¡◊Õߢ÷Èπ¢Õß
Ω√—Ëßæ«°®—°√«√√¥‘π‘¬¡ ·¡â‡√“®–查
¿“…“Ω√—Ë߉¡à‰¥âÀ√◊Õ∂Ÿ°‰¡à∂Ÿ°°Á‰¡àµâÕß
Õ“¬ ·µà∂Ⓡ√“查¿“…“‰∑¬‰¡à∂Ÿ°‰¡à
™—¥π—Ëπ·À≈–‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ√“§«√≈–Õ“¬„®
∑’Ë ÿ¥ ∑’Ë∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…¢Õ߇√“‡ªìπ§π‰∑¬
·µà‡√“查¿“…“¢Õß∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…‰¡à∂Ÿ°
µâ Õ ß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–§√Ÿ Õ “®“√¬å ® –µâ Õ ß
ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕß.
Ú.®–µâÕßπ”«‘∏’°“√‡°à“Ê ¡“„™â
‡™àπ µâÕß¡’°“√§—¥≈“¬¡◊Õ Õà“πÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß
‡¢’¬πµ“¡§”∫Õ° ·≈–µâÕß Õπ 牵√-
¬“ߧåé §◊Õ Õ—°…√ Û À¡Ÿà Õ—π‰¥â·°à
Õ—°…√ Ÿß Õ—°…√°≈“ß ·≈–Õ—°…√µË”
·µà≈–À¡Ÿà®–º—π‰¥â°’ˇ ’¬ß ‡æ√“–‡«≈“π’È
∂ⓧ”„¥ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ßµ√’ °Á®–„ à‰¡âµ√’≈߉ª
¥—ß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°√“¬°“√ ‘π§â“µà“ßÊ
‡™à𠉫∑äÕª ´—π‚µæ≈ä“  À√◊Õ·¡â·µà
§”«à“ ç ¡ÿ¥‚πâµé °Á®–‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ ç ¡ÿ¥
‚πäµé ‚¥¬‰¡à∑√“∫«à“§”∑’Ë®–¡’ ‘∑∏‘Ï„™â
‰¡âµ√’‰¥âµâÕ߇ªìπÕ—°…√°≈“ß ˘ µ—«
‡∑à“π—πÈ .
Û.„π°“√ Õ∫§«√®– Õ∫∑—È ß
çÕ—µπ—¬é ·≈– çª√π—¬é °“√ Õ∫·∫∫
çÕ—µπ—¬é ®–∑”„Àâ‡√“∑√“∫«à“≈Ÿ°»‘…¬å
‡√“¡’ § «“¡√Ÿâ ¥â “ π¿“…“‰∑¬·§à ‰ Àπ
‡æ’¬ß‰√ ·≈– “¡“√∂· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥
¢ÕßµπÕÕ°¡“„À⺟âÕ◊Ëπ∑√“∫‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
‚¥¬æ¬“¬“¡„Àâπ—°‡√’¬πÀ√◊Õπ‘ ‘µπ—°
»÷°…“‰¥â· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥§«“¡‡ÀÁπ¢Õß
µπÕÕ°¡“Õ¬à“߇µÁ¡∑’.Ë
Ù.§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ-
°√¡ §«√∑’Ë√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π®–‰¥â
‡≈◊Õ°‡øÑπºŸâ∑’Ë∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘„π¥â“πµà“ßÊ
¡“√à«¡‡ªìπ°√√¡°“√ ∑—Èߧπ√ÿàπ‡°à“
·≈–§π√ÿàπ„À¡à ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√≈¥ ç™àÕß
«à “ ßé √–À«à “ ß«— ¬ ·≈–§«“¡§‘ ¥ ´÷Ë ß
ˆÛÙ
∫ÿ § §≈‡À≈à “ π—È π ®–µâ Õ ß‡ªì π ∫ÿ § §≈∑’Ë
 — ß §¡¬Õ¡√— ∫ Õ¬à “ ‡≈◊ Õ °‡Õ“‡©æ“–
∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë„°≈♑¥‡∑à“π—Èπ. ª√–∏“π§≥–
°√√¡°“√œ ®–µâÕ߇ªìπ§π„®°«â“ß √—∫
øí ß §«“¡§‘ ¥ ‡ÀÁ π ¢Õß°√√¡°“√Õ◊Ë π Ê
¥â«¬ ·≈–®–µâÕß·¡àπ„π°Æ‡°≥±åµ“à ßÊ
¢âÕ ”§—≠°Á§◊Õ®–µâÕߥ”‡π‘πµ“¡À≈—°
‡°≥±åµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…∑”‰«â¥’·≈â«
®–·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡∫â“ß°Á‡©æ“–„π°√≥’
∑’ËÀ≈—°‡°≥±å∑’Ë∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…‰¥â«“߉«â¬—ß
¡’¢âÕ∫°æ√àÕßÕ¬Ÿà‡∑à“π—Èπ ¡‘©–π—ÈπºŸâ„™â
æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
®–‡°‘¥§«“¡ —∫ π ·≈–¡’§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ
„πµ—«°√√¡°“√πâÕ¬≈ß.
ºâŸ‡¢’¬π‡ÀÁπ«à“ºŸâ∑’Ë¥”√ßµ”·Àπàß
𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“𠧫√®–‡ªìπ
ª√–∏“π§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ-
°√¡‚¥¬µ”·Àπàß.  à«πÕ¥’µπ“¬°
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π∑ÿ°§π§«√®–‰¥â√—∫
·µà ß µ—È ß ‡ªì π ∑’Ë ª √÷ ° …“§≥–°√√¡°“√
™”√–æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ‡æ√“–∑à“π‡À≈à“π’È
‰¥â ‡ §¬¥”√ßµ”·Àπà ß ª√–∏“π§≥–
°√√¡°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ ° √¡ ¬à Õ ¡
∑√“∫¥’«à“Õ–‰√§«√ª√—∫ª√ÿß·°â‰¢„À⥒
¢÷Èπ Õ–‰√§«√‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡‡¢â“¡“ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
¡’§«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥嬑Ëߢ÷Èπ ‡∑à“°—∫‡ªìπ°“√
≈¥ ç™àÕß«à“ßé ‰ª„πµ—« ·≈–§«“¡®√‘ß
ºŸâ∑’Ë¥”√ßß”·Àπàß𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“𠧫√®–¥”√ßµ”·Àπàߪ√–∏“π
§≥–°√√¡°“√À√◊ Õ ª√–∏“π§≥–
∫√√≥“∏‘ ° “√ “√“πÿ ° √¡‰∑¬ §≥–
°√√¡°“√∑”Õ—°¢√“πÿ°√¡¿Ÿ¡‘»“ µ√å
‰∑¬ ·≈–§≥–°√√¡°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å
¿“…“‰∑¬.
πÕ°®“°π—È π ºâŸ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π‡ÀÁ π «à “
°“√·°â¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘∑“ߥâ“π¿“…“‰∑¬
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

‡≈¢“πÿ ° “√§≥–°√√¡°“√™”√– ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ∂â“À“°‡≈¢“πÿ°“√œ ™à«¬‡≈¢“πÿ°“√‰ªæ√âÕ¡Ê °—π ∑”„Àâ

æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ‰¡à§«√®–‡ª≈’ˬπ∫àÕ¬π—°
·≈–ºŸâ™à«¬‡≈¢“πÿ°“√§≥–°√√¡°“√
™”√–æ®π“πÿ°√¡ °Á§«√®–¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ
§«“¡ “¡“√∂„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫‡≈¢“πÿ°“√œ.
∑—ßÈ π’‡È æ◊ÕË ∑’®Ë –‰¥â™«à ¬°—π∑”ß“π‰¥âÕ¬à“ß
®–µâ Õ ßæâ π ®“°µ”·Àπà ß ‰ª ºŸâ ™à « ¬
‡≈¢“πÿ°“√°Á®– “¡“√∂ ◊∫µàÕß“π‰¥â
Õ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ´÷Ëß®–∑”„Àâ¡’
ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß. ∫“ß∑’‰¥â¡’
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑—È߇≈¢“πÿ°“√·≈–ºŸâ
‡°‘¥ ç™àÕß«à“ßé „π°“√∑”ß“π ‡æ√“–
«à “ ‡≈¢“πÿ ° “√·≈–ºŸâ ™à « ¬‡≈¢“πÿ ° “√
„À¡à®–µâÕß„™â‡«≈“π“πæÕ ¡§«√°«à“
®–√Ÿâß“π·≈–µ—ÈßÀ≈—°‰¥â.

Abstract Solution to the Thai Language Crisis

Chamnong Tongprasert
Fellow, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Royal Institute, Thailand
Currently, Thailand is confronting many crises on the economic, political and moral fronts as
well as with regard to the Thai language. The latter situation has arisen because, nowadays, there is
no thoughtful promotion of the study of the Thai language in academic institutions. There are insuf-
ficient teachers and lecturers who have experience in teaching the Thai language. This is one of the
reasons why students currently do not show interest in the study of the Thai language. Therefore,
suitable measures should be looked for to help solve the crisis in Thai language studies.
Key words : Thai language, crisis

®”πߧå ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘∞
ˆÛı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ π—°™“µ‘π‘¬¡Œ—ß°“√’ Õπ—πµå™¬— ‡≈“À–æ—π∏ÿ

¿“§«‘™“ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å §≥–Õ—°…√»“ µ√å
°—∫°“√µàÕµâ“π√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å° ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬»‘≈ª“°√

Œ—ß°“√’‡ªìπª√–‡∑»‡°à“·°à·Ààß
Œ—ß°“√’¡§’ «“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°∫— √“™«ß»åŒ∫—  ∫Ÿ√°å µ—ßÈ ·µàª≈“¬ ¡—¬°≈“ß
‡¡◊ËÕ ¡“™‘°¢Õß√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°‡¢â“‰ªª°§√Õߌ—ß°“√’Õ¬Ÿà√–¬–Àπ÷Ëß
Àπ÷Ëß„π¬ÿ‚√ªµ–«—πÕÕ° ∑’Ë¡’ª√–«—µ‘-
·≈–‰¥â欓¬“¡Õâ“ß ‘∑∏‘°“√ ◊∫∑Õ¥ —𵵑«ß»å„π√“™∫—≈≈—߰北߰“√’. »“ µ√å°“√°àÕµ—ßÈ ª√–‡∑»¬âÕπ‰ª‰¥â∂ß÷
®—°√æ√√¥‘‡≈‚Õ‚ª≈¥å∑’Ë Ò (§.». Òˆı¯-Ò˜ı) ∑√ß “¡“√∂«“ß §.». ¯˘ˆ ‡¡◊ËÕŒ“√åæ—¥ (Arpád) ºŸâπ”
√“°∞“πÕ”π“®°“√ª°§√Õß∑’Ë¡—Ëπ§ß„πŒ—ß°“√’·≈–∑”„Àâ¢ÿππ“ߌ—ß°“√’ ™“«·¡°¬“√å (Magyar) ‡¢â“§√Õ∫
¬Õ¡√—∫ ‘∑∏‘°“√ ◊∫ —𵵑«ß»å¢Õß√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å° æ√âÕ¡°—∫¬Õ¡ §√Õߥ‘π·¥π„π‡∑◊Õ°‡¢“§“√å‡æ‡∑’¬π
¬°‡≈‘°∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘„π‚Õß°“√µ√“∑Õß §.». ÒÚÚÚ ∑’Ë„Àâ ‘∑∏‘¢ÿππ“ß
„π°“√‡≈◊Õ°·≈–¬—∫¬—ÈߺŸâÀπ÷ËߺŸâ„¥„π°“√§√Õß√“™ ¡∫—µ‘.
∑’ËÕÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å. „πª≈“¬ ¡—¬°≈“ß
À≈—ß®“°‰¥âÕ”π“®ª°§√ÕßÕ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å √“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°°Á„™â √“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å° (Habsburg) ´÷Ëß
¡“µ√°“√‡¢â¡ß«¥„π°“√ª°§√Õß °àÕ„À⇰‘¥°√–· µàÕµâ“πÕ¬Ÿà‡π◊ÕßÊ ª°§√ÕßÕÕ ‡µ√’¬ ·≈–Õߧåª√–¡ÿ¢
„πÀ¡Ÿàªí≠≠“™π. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°‘¥°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘ §.». Ò¯Ù¯ ≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ ´÷Ëß ∑√ߥ”√ßæ√–Õ‘   √‘ ¬ ¬»®— ° √æ√√¥‘
‡ªìππ—°°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈–π—°‡¢’¬π‰¥â‡ªìπºŸπâ ”„π°“√‡√’¬°√âÕß„ÀâŒß— °“√’ªØ‘√ªŸ ·Ààß®—°√«√√¥‘‚√¡—πÕ—π»—°¥‘Ï ‘∑∏‘Ï ‰¥â
°“√‡¡◊Õß°“√ª°§√Õß·≈–¥”‡π‘ππ‚¬∫“¬ª°§√Õßµπ‡Õß. µàÕ¡“‰¥â
∂Ÿ°°Õß∑—æ¢Õß®—°√«√√¥‘ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬´÷ßË Õ¬Ÿ„à πÕ”π“®ª°§√ÕߢÕß√“™«ß»å
欓¬“¡·ºàÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈‡¢â“‰ª„πŒ—ß°“√’.
Œ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°‡¢â“ª√“∫ª√“¡. °Õß∑—挗߰“√’‰¥âµàÕ ŸâÕ¬à“ß ¡»—°¥‘Ï»√’·µà µàÕ¡“„πª≈“¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˜
æà“¬·æâ. §Õ™ÿ∏´÷Ëß ∂“ªπ“µπ‡ªìπ ç¢â“À≈«ß-ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’é µâÕß °Á ‰ ¥â √— ∫  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ „ π°“√ ◊ ∫  — π µµ‘ « ß»å „ π
Àπ’≈’È¿—¬ÕÕ°πÕ°ª√–‡∑» ·≈–‰¡à¡’‚Õ°“ °≈—∫¡“Œ—ß°“√’Õ’°. ΩÉ“¬ √“™∫—≈≈—߰北߰“√’ °àÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√µàÕ
°∫؉¥â∂°Ÿ ≈ß‚∑… ∂“πÀπ—°. µâ “ π√“™«ß»å Œ— ∫  ∫Ÿ √å ° ¢÷È π „πŒ— ß °“√’
„π §.». Ò¯ˆ˜ ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬‰¥âÕÕ°æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘§«“¡µ°≈ß
ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬-Œ—ß°“√’ ‚¥¬ ∂“ªπ“√–∫Õ∫√“™“∏‘ª‰µ¬§Ÿà
·≈–°“√‡√’ ¬ °√â Õ ßÕ‘   √¿“殓°°“√
·≈–¬°∞“π–Œ—ß°“√’‡ªìπ√“™Õ“≥“®—°√Õ‘ √–„π√–¥—∫Àπ÷Ëß, ·µà√—∞∫“≈ ª°§√ÕߢÕßÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ ¡“°¢÷È π ‡ªì π
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬¬—ß¡’Õ”π“®§«∫§ÿ¡π‚¬∫“¬ ”§—≠Ê. §Õ™ÿ∏欓¬“¡√≥√ߧå ≈”¥—∫. ‡¡◊ËÕ°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘ §.». Ò¯Ù¯
µàÕ Ÿ‡â æ◊ÕË „ÀâŒß— °“√’¡Õ’ ”π“®Õ∏‘ª‰µ¬·≈–‡ªìπ‡Õ°√“™®π∂÷ß«“√– ÿ¥∑⓬ (Revolutions of 1848) ‰¥â¢¬“¬µ—«
¢Õß™’«‘µ¢≥–¡’Õ“¬ÿ ˘Ú ªï. ‡√◊ËÕß√“«§«“¡√—°™“µ‘¢Õߧՙÿ∏·≈–°“√ ®“°Ω√—Ë߇» ‡¢â“‰ª„πÕÕ ‡µ√’¬®π‡°‘¥
‰¡à¬Õ¡®”ππµàÕ√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å° ‡ªìπµ”π“π∑’ˇ≈à“¢“π‰¡à√Ÿâ®∫„π
ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√北߰“√’.
‡ªì π °“√®≈“®≈‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡√’ ¬ °√â Õ ß ‘ ∑ ∏‘
‡ √’¿“æ·≈–°“√ªØ‘√ªŸ µà“ßÊ. ≈“¬Õ™
§” ”§—≠ : √“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°, ≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏, °“√ªØ‘«—µ‘
§Õ™ÿ∏ (Lajos Kossuth) π—°‡¢’¬π

≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ π—°™“µ‘π‘¬¡Œ—ß°“√’ °—∫°“√µàÕµâ“π√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°

ˆÛˆ

·≈–π— ° ‡§≈◊Ë Õ π‰À«™“«Œ— ß °“√’ ®÷ ß ∂◊ Õ
‚Õ°“ °à Õ °“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ · ≈–µ—È ß µπ‡ªì π
ºŸâπ”‡√’¬°√âÕß°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß
‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡„Àâ·°àŒ—ß°“√’·≈–
·¬°Œ—ß°“√’ÕÕ°®“°°“√ª°§√ÕߢÕß
√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°·≈–ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬. ·¡â
«à“°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘®–ª√– ∫§«“¡≈⡇À≈«
„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“ ·µà°Á‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∑’Ë
 ”§—≠∑’Ë ÿ¥„πª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√北߰“√’∑’Ë
°à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ º≈°√–∑∫∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß
Õ¬à“ß Ÿß·≈–ª≈ÿ°®‘µ ”π÷°§«“¡√—°™“µ‘
„Àâ·°à™“«Œ—ß°“√’®π∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π.
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߌ—ß°“√’°∫—
√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߌ—ß°“√’°—∫
√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¢÷Èπ„π §.».
ÒÙÛ˜ ‡¡◊ËÕ®—°√æ√√¥‘Õ—≈‡∫‘√åµ·Ààß
®—°√«√√¥‘‚√¡—πÕ—π»—°¥‘Ï ‘∑∏‘Ï ´÷Ëß∑√ß
‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢Õß√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°‰¥â
 ◊∫√“™ ¡∫—µ‘Œ—ß°“√’µàÕ®“°®—°√æ√√¥‘
´‘°‘ ¡ÿπ¥å·Ààß≈—°‡´¡‡∫Õ√å° (Sigis-
mund of Luxembourg) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
æ√–  ÿ√– (æàÕµ“) µ“¡∑’Ë®—°√æ√√¥‘
´‘°‘ ¡ÿπ¥å∑√ß∑”¢âÕµ°≈߉«â°—∫æ«°
¢ÿππ“ߌ—ß°“√’. ®—°√æ√√¥‘Õ—≈‡∫‘√åµ
∑√ߧ√Õß√“™¬å‰¥â‡æ’¬ß Ú ªï°Á‡ ¥Á®
 «√√§µ„π §.». ÒÙÛ˘ ∑√ß∑‘Èßæ√–
√“™‚Õ√ ´÷ßË ª√– Ÿµ¿‘ “¬À≈—ß∑’æË √–Õߧå
‡ ¥Á® «√√§µ·≈–æ√–¡‡À ’∑’ˇ ¥Á®≈’È
¿— ¬ æ√â Õ ¡æ√–¡À“¡ß°ÿ Æ ·Àà ß Œ— ß °“√’
(Hungarian Crown) ‰ªª√–∑—∫ ≥
°√ÿ߇«’¬ππ“„Àâ‡√’¬°√âÕß ‘∑∏‘„π√“™-
∫—≈≈—ß°åŒß— °“√’Ò(a). ·¡â«“à „π√–¬–·√°Ê
√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°¬—߉¡à “¡“√∂¢¬“¬
Õ”π“®‡¢â“ª°§√Õߌ—ß°“√’‰¥â ·µà°Áπ—∫
Õπ—πµå™—¬ ‡≈“À–æ—π∏ÿ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‡ªì π °â “ «·√°∑’Ë ºŸ ° æ— π Œ— ß °“√’ ‡ ¢â “ °— ∫
√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°·≈–ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬, ´÷Ëß
µàÕ¡“∑”„Àâ ¡“™‘°¢Õß√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ -
∫Ÿ √å ° ·Àà ß ÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ 欓¬“¡‡¢â “ ‰ª
ª°§√Õߌ—ß°“√’·≈– “¡“√∂ ◊∫∑Õ¥
°“√¥”√ßæ√–Õ‘   √‘ ¬ ¬»°…— µ √‘ ¬å · Àà ß
Œ—ß°“√’®π°√–∑—Ëߪ√–‡∑»‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
√–∫Õ∫°“√ª°§√Õ߇ªìπ “∏“√≥√—∞„π
§.». Ò˘Ò¯.
 ¡“™‘°æ√–Õߧå·√°¢Õß√“™«ß»å
Œ—∫ ∫Ÿ√°å ∑’ Ë “¡“√∂«“ß√“°∞“πÕ”π“®
°“√ª°§√Õß∑’Ë ¡—Ë π §ß„πŒ— ß °“√’ ‰ ¥â
 ”‡√Á® ‰¥â·°à ®—°√æ√√¥‘‡≈‚Õ‚ª≈¥å∑’Ë Ò
(§.». Òˆı¯-Ò˜ı) ∑’Ë∑√ß “¡“√∂
√∫™π–æ«°‡µ‘ √å ° ∑’Ë ‡ ¢â “ ‚®¡µ’ ° √ÿ ß
‡«’¬ππ“„π §.». Òˆ¯Û, ·≈–µàÕ¡“„π
§.». Òˆ¯ˆ °Á “¡“√∂¢—∫‰≈àæ«°‡µ‘√°å
∑’Ë ¬÷ ¥ §√Õß°√ÿ ß ∫Ÿ ¥ “π§√À≈«ß¢Õß
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò
Œ—ß°“√’‡ªìπ‡«≈“‡°◊Õ∫ Òı ªï‰¥â ”‡√Á®.
æ√–√“™≈—≠®°√¢Õßæ√–‡®â“·Õπ¥√—  ∑’Ë Ú
„π §.». Òˆ˘˘ æ«°‡µ‘√å°∂Ÿ°∫—ߧ—∫ (§.». ÒÚÚ-ÒÚÛı)
„Àâ∑” π∏‘ —≠≠“§“√å‚≈«‘∑´å (Treaty
of Karlowitz) ‚¥¬¬‘π¬Õ¡∂Õπµ—«
ÕÕ°®“°°“√¬÷¥§√Õߌ—ß°“√’¬°‡«âπ„π (Golden Bull §.». ÒÚÚÚ)* ´÷Ëß„Àâ
∫√‘‡«≥·¡àπÈ”∫“π“µ (Banat) ·≈–  ‘∑∏‘·°àæ«°¢ÿππ“ß„π°“√¬—∫¬—ßÈ ºŸÀâ π÷ßË
∫√‘‡«≥√–À«à“ß·¡àπ”È ¡“√Õ  (Maros), ºŸâ „ ¥„π°“√¢÷È π §√Õß√“™ ¡∫— µ‘ · ≈–
∑‘ ´Õ (Tisza) °—∫¥“πŸ∫. µàÕ¡“æ«°  “¡“√∂µàÕµâ“π°“√°√–∑”¢Õß°…—µ√‘¬å
‡µ‘√å°°Á Ÿ≠‡ ’¬¥‘π·¥π∑’Ë¡—Ëπ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„π ∑’Ë¢—¥µàÕ°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¥â. µàÕ¡“„π §.».
§.». Ò˜Ò˘. Òˆ˘Ò °“√ ∂“ªπ“Õ”π“®°“√ª°§√Õß
„π §.». Òˆ¯˜ ®—°√æ√√¥‘‡≈‚Õ-
‚ª≈¥å∑’Ë Ò ∑√ß„™âæ√–√“™Õ”π“®∫’∫ * „π§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë ÒÚ ‡¡◊ËÕÕ”π“®¢Õß°…—µ√‘¬åŒ—ß°“√’
‡√‘Ë¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡≈ß ¢ÿππ“߇ÀÁπ‡ªìπ‚Õ°“ ¢¬“¬Õ”π“®·≈–
∫—ߧ—∫„Àâ ¿“¢ÿππ“ߌ—ß°“√’¬Õ¡√—∫„π ∑”„Àâ√–∫Õ∫°“√ª°§√Õß·∫∫øî«¥—≈ (feudalism)
 ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ° “√ ◊ ∫  — π µµ‘ « ß»å ¢ Õß√“™«ß»å Ωíß√“°≈÷°„πŒ—ß°“√’ „π√—™ ¡—¬æ√–‡®â“·Õπ¥√— ∑’Ë Ú
(Anadrás II §.». ÒÚı-ÒÚÛı) ®÷߉¥â¡°’ “√ª√–°“»
Œ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°„π√“™∫—≈≈—߰北߰“√’ ‚¥¬ ‚Õß°“√µ√“∑Õߢ÷Èπ„π §.». ÒÚÚÚ „π≈—°…≥–‡¥’¬«
¥”√ßæ√–Õ‘   √‘ ¬ ¬» ç°…— µ √‘ ¬å · Àà ß °—∫·¡°π“§“√嵓 (Magna Carta) ¢ÕßÕ—ß°ƒ…„π §.».
ÒÚÒı ‚¥¬æ«°¢ÿππ“ß “¡“√∂®”°—¥æ√–√“™Õ”π“®
Œ—ß°“√’é. æ«°¢ÿππ“߬—ßµâÕ߬‘π¬Õ¡ ¢Õß°…—µ√‘¬å·≈–¡’ ‘∑∏‘„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡µ√«® Õ∫°…—µ√‘¬å
¬°‡≈‘°∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘„π‚Õß°“√µ√“∑Õß ·≈–‰¥â√—∫Õ¿‘ ‘∑∏‘ω¡àµâÕ߇ ’¬¿“…’Õ“°√.
ˆÛ˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

¢Õß√“™«ß»åŒ∫—  ∫Ÿ√°å „πŒ—ß°“√’°¡Á πË— §ß Ò˜ÒÙ) °—∫Ω√—Ë߇»  °àՠߧ√“¡Õ‘ √- „À⇠√’¿“æ„π°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ µ≈Õ¥

¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ∑√“π´‘≈‡«‡π’¬µâÕß Ÿ≠‡ ’¬ ¿“æ¢÷ÈπÒ(b). °“√≈ÿ°Œ◊Õ¢Õß™“«Œ—ß°“√’ ®π ‘∑∏‘∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈–°“√ª°§√Õß
Õ”π“®Õ‘   √–„π°“√ª°§√Õßµπ‡Õß ‡æ◊Ë Õ ª≈¥·Õ°µπ‡Õß„Àâ ‡ ªì π ‰∑®“° ·°à™“«Œ—ß°“√’. π—∫·µàπ—Èπ‡ªìπµâπ¡“
‚¥¬µâÕߢ÷πÈ µ√ßµàÕ°√ÿ߇«’¬ππ“. ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ ®π ‘È π §√‘   µå » µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò¯ §«“¡
À≈— ß ®“°‰¥â Õ”π“®ª°§√Õß ®“°æ√–‡®â“À≈ÿ¬ å∑’Ë ÒÙ (§.». ÒˆÙÛ-  — ¡ æ— π ∏å ‚ ¥¬∑—Ë « ‰ª√–À«à “ ß√“™«ß»å
Œ—ß°“√’Õ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å·≈â« ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬‰¥â Ò˜Òı) ·ÀàßΩ√—Ë߇» ‰¥â¥”‡π‘𵑥µàÕ Œ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°°—∫Œ—ß°“√’°Á¥”‡π‘π‰ª¥â«¬¥’
„™â¡“µ√°“√‡¢â¡ß«¥°—∫¢ÿππ“ß ™“«π“ °—π‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ¯ ªï ®π°√–∑—Ëß®—°√æ√√¥‘ „π√–¥—∫Àπ÷Ëß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°—∫¢ÿππ“ß
·≈–¢â“µ‘¥∑’Ë¥‘πŒ—ß°“√’.Ú æ«°∑’ËÀ—π‰ª ™“≈ å∑’Ë ˆ (§.». Ò˜ÒÒ-Ò˜Ù) À√◊Õ Œ—ß°“√’∑’ËÀ—π¡“ «“¡‘¿—°¥‘Ï°—∫√“™«ß»å
π— ∫ ∂◊ Õ §√‘   µå » “ π“π‘ ° “¬‚ª√‡µ - Õ’°æ√–Õ‘ √‘¬¬»§◊Õæ√–‡®â“™“≈ å∑’Ë Û Œ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°¡“°¢÷Èπ. „π ß§√“¡°“√ ◊∫
·µπµå∂Ÿ°π”‰ªª√–À“√™’«‘µ. ∑’Ë¥‘π (§.». Ò˜ÒÒ-Ò˜Ù) ·Ààߌ—ß°“√’ ∑√ß √“™∫—≈≈—ß°åÕÕ ‡µ√’¬ (War of the
¢Õߢÿππ“ß∑’Ë∂Ÿ°°≈à“«À“«à“∑√¬»À√◊Õ ¬‘π¬Õ¡ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡∑” π∏‘ —≠≠“ Austrian Succession §.». Ò˜Ù-
‰¡à “¡“√∂æ‘ Ÿ®πå°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘ω¥â°Á®–∂Ÿ°  ß∫»÷°∑’°Ë ”Àπ¥„Àâ¡°’ “√π‘√‚∑…°√√¡ Ò˜Ù¯) ¢ÿππ“ߌ—ß°“√’‰¥â· ¥ß§«“¡
¬÷¥·≈–æ√–√“™∑“π„Àâ·°à¢ÿππ“ß·≈–
∑À“√ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬. πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’
°“√®—¥‡°Á∫¿“…’„πÕ—µ√“∑’Ë Ÿß´÷Ëß √â“ß
§«“¡‡¥◊ Õ ¥√â Õ π„Àâ · °à ™ π∑ÿ ° ™—È π Õ’ °
¥â«¬. ¥—ßπ—πÈ „π §.». Ò˜Û ‡øÕ‡√π»å
√“‚§´’ ∑’Ë Ú (Ferenc Rákóczi II)
‡®â “ ™“¬·Àà ß ∑√“π´‘ ≈ ‡«‡π’ ¬ ®÷ ß ∂◊ Õ
‚Õ°“ ∑’ËÕÕ ‡µ√’¬‡¢â“ Ÿà ß§√“¡°“√
 ◊∫√“™∫—≈≈—ß°å ‡ªπ (War of the
Spanish Succession §.». Ò˜Ò-

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú √Ÿª∑’Ë Û
‡®â“™“¬‡øÕ‡√π»å √“‚§´’ ∑’Ë Ú  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–√“™‘π’π“∂ ¡“‡√’¬ ‡∑‡√´“ (§.». Ò˜Ù-Ò˜¯)

≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ π—°™“µ‘π‘¬¡Œ—ß°“√’ °—∫°“√µàÕµâ“π√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°

ˆÛ¯

®ß√— ° ¿— ° ¥’ µà Õ  ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–√“™‘ π’ π “∂
¡“‡√’¬ ‡∑‡√´“ (§.». Ò˜Ù-Ò˜¯)
‚¥¬‡¢â“√à«¡°—∫°Õß∑—æÕÕ ‡µ√’¬∑”
 ß§√“¡°—∫ª√— ‡´’¬‡æ◊ËÕª°ªÑÕß ‘∑∏‘
¢Õß ¡‡¥Á®æ√–√“™‘ππ’ “∂¡“‡√’¬ ‡∑‡√´“
„π°“√√—°…“ ‘∑∏‘„π°“√ ◊∫∑Õ¥√“™-
 ¡∫— µ‘ ¢ Õß√“™«ß»å Œ— ∫  ∫Ÿ √å ° µ“¡¢â Õ
µ°≈ß„πæ√–√“™°ƒ…Æ’°“ (Pragmatic
Sanction) §.». Ò˜ÒÛ ·∑π°“√©«¬
‚Õ°“ °àÕ°∫Ø·≈–·¬°µ—«‡ªìπÕ‘ √–
®“°°“√ª°§√ÕߢÕß√“™«ß»åŒ∫—  ∫Ÿ√°å .
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏åÕ—π¥’¥—ß°≈à“«π’È®÷ß∑”„Àâ
°“√ª°§√ÕߢÕß√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°„π
Œ—ß°“√’‡ªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ߺàÕπª√π.
µ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“ Ù ªï„π√—™ ¡—¬
¢Õß ¡‡¥Á®æ√–√“™‘ππ’ “∂¡“‡√’¬ ‡∑‡√´“
´÷Ë߉¥â√—∫¬°¬àÕß«à“‡ªìπ ç°…—µ√‘¬å¿Ÿ¡‘-
∏√√¡é (enlightened despot) Õߧå
Àπ÷ËߢÕ߬ÿ‚√ª„π¬ÿ§¿Ÿ¡‘∏√√¡ (The
Age of Enlightenment), æ√–Õߧå
∑√߇√’¬°ª√–™ÿ¡√—∞ ¿“ (diet) ‡æ’¬ß
Û §√—È߇∑à“π—Èπ ‚¥¬ª≈àÕ¬„Àâ¢ÿππ“ß
Œ—ß°“√’¡Õ’  ‘ √–„π°“√ª°§√Õßµπ‡Õß„π
√–¥—∫Àπ÷Ëß ·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°‡«âπ¿“…’
¥â«¬. ‡¡◊Õ߇ª µå (Pest) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡¡◊Õß
§Ÿà·Ω¥¢Õß°√ÿß∫Ÿ¥“·≈–µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∑“ßΩíòß
´â “ ¬¢Õß·¡à πÈ” ¥“πŸ ∫ °≈“¬‡ªì π »Ÿ π ¬å
°≈“ߢÕß°“√§â“∑’Ë¥÷ߥŸ¥π—°≈ß∑ÿπ™“«
‡´‘√å∫·≈–™“«¬‘«. ·µà¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π
™“«·¡°¬“√å°Á‡√‘Ë¡ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬‡Õ°≈—°…≥å
‡©æ“–µ—«. ¿“…“·¡°¬“√å‰¡à‡ªìπ∑’Ë
π‘ ¬ ¡æŸ ¥ ¢Õß™“«‡¡◊ Õ ß∑’Ë ¡’ ° “√»÷ ° …“
‚¥¬‡©æ“–æ«°¢ÿππ“ß´÷Ëßµà“ßÀ—π‰ª
π‘¬¡„™â¿“…“‡¬Õ√¡—π·≈–Ω√—Ë߇» „π
°“√ ◊ËÕ “√°—π·≈–∑”∏ÿ√°‘®. æ«°
§À∫¥’°∂Á °Ÿ °≈◊π‡¢â“‡ªìπæ«°√“™ ”π—°
Õπ—πµå™—¬ ‡≈“À–æ—π∏ÿ
∑’ËÕÿ∑‘»µπ·°àæ√–√“™«ß»å·≈–‡√‘Ë¡Àà“ß
‡À‘π®“°™“«∫â“π¡“°¢÷Èπ. ¿“…“
·¡°¬“√å (Œ—ß°“√’) π‘¬¡æŸ¥°—π‡©æ“–
„π°≈ÿà¡æ«°¢ÿππ“ß„π∑√“π´‘≈‡«‡π’¬,
Œ—ß°“√’µ–«—πÕÕ°, ™“«∫â“π‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª
·≈–ªí≠≠“™π∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡¥Ë”°—∫·π«§‘¥¢Õß
¬ÿ§¿Ÿ¡‘∏√√¡‡∑à“π—ÈπÛ.
„π√—™ ¡—¬¢Õß®—°√æ√√¥‘‚®‡´ø
∑’Ë Ú (Œ—ß°“√’ §.». Ò˜¯-Ò˜˘,
®— ° √«√√¥‘ ‚ √¡— π Õ— π »— ° ¥‘Ï  ‘ ∑ ∏‘Ï §.».
Ò˜ˆı-Ò˜˘) ‰¥â¡’§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡∑’Ë
®–∑”≈“¬«—≤π∏√√¡·≈–°“√ª°§√Õß
∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ¢Õߌ—ß°“√’, ‚¥¬®—°√æ√√¥‘
‚®‡´ø∑’Ë Ú ∑√ߪؑ‡ ∏∑’Ë®–ª√–°Õ∫
æ√–√“™æ‘∏’∫√¡√“™“¿‘‡…°µ“¡æ√–
√“™ª√–‡æ≥’ Œ— ß °“√’ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°‰¡à
µâÕß°“√∑’Ë®–æ√–√“™∑“π§”ªØ‘≠“≥
µà Õ √— ∞  ¿“Œ— ß °“√’ µ “¡∑’Ë √ –∫ÿ ‰ «â „ π
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠«à“°…—µ√‘¬®å –µâÕ߇§“√æ„π
 ‘∑∏‘‡ √’¿“æ¢Õߢÿππ“ß. æ√–Õߧå
∑√ß¡’æ√–ª√– ß§å®–ªØ‘√ŸªŒ—ß°“√’„π
¥â“πµà“ßÊ µ“¡·π«§‘¥¿Ÿ¡‘∏√√¡ ·≈–
 √â“ß®—°√«√√¥‘ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬·≈–¥‘π·¥π
„πª°§√Õß„Àâ¡’‡Õ°¿“懪ìπ ç√—∞Àπ÷Ëß
‡¥’¬«é ∑—«Ë ∑—ßÈ ®—°√«√√¥‘Ù. ¥â«¬π‚¬∫“¬
¥—ß°≈à“«®—°√æ√√¥‘‚®‡´ø∑’Ë Ú ®÷ß∑√ß
·µà ß µ—È ß ¢â “ √“™°“√·≈–ºŸâ „ °≈â ™‘ ¥ ‰ª
°”°—∫¥Ÿ·≈Àπ૬ߓπÕ‘ √–µà“ßÊ, ∑√ß
‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß°“√ª°§√Õß·∫∫°√–®“¬
Õ”π“®‡ªìπ°“√√«¡Õ”𓮇¢â“ Ÿà à«π
°≈“ß, ∑√ß≈‘¥√ÕπÕ”π“®¢Õߢÿππ“ß
„π°“√ª°§√ÕߥŸ·≈æ«°™“«π“ ·≈–
‡µ√’ ¬ ¡ÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬‡°Á ∫ ¿“…’ ∑’Ë ¥‘ π
‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪„™â°—∫æ«°¢ÿππ“ß. πÕ°
®“°π’È ®—°√æ√√¥‘‚®‡´ø∑’Ë Ú ¬—ß∑√ß
„™âπ‚¬∫“¬∑”Œ—ß°“√’„À⇪ìπ‡¬Õ√¡—π
ˆÛ˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‚¥¬∑√ßÕÕ°æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ „ Àâ „ ™â
¿“…“‡¬Õ√¡—π‡ªìπ¿“…“∑“ß√“™°“√
·≈–√“™ ”π— ° ·≈–„™â „ π°“√»÷ ° …“
√–¥—∫∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“ª√–∂¡»÷°…“, ®÷ß∑”„Àâ
™“«Œ— ß °“√’ ‰ ¡à æ Õ„®·≈–∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥
§«“¡‡°≈’¬¥™—ß„πÀ¡Ÿàæ«°¢ÿππ“ß·≈–
 √â“ß·√ßµàÕµâ“π√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°Õ’°
¥â«¬.
Õ¬à “ ߉√°Á ¥’ °“√ «√√§µ¢Õß
®—°√æ√√¥‘‚®‡´ø∑’Ë Ú „π §.». Ò˜˘
‰¥â™à«¬∫√√‡∑“§«“¡‰¡àæÕ„®¢Õß™“«
Œ— ß °“√’ · ≈–«‘ ° ƒµ°“√≥å ¿ “¬„π‰¥â
√–¬–Àπ÷Ëß. ®—°√æ√√¥‘‡≈‚Õ‚ª≈¥å∑’Ë Ú
(§.». Ò˜˘-Ò˜˘Ú) ∑√ß欓¬“¡
ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡°—∫¢ÿππ“ߌ—ß°“√’, ‚¥¬
‡ ¥Á ® ¡“ª√–°Õ∫æ√–√“™æ‘ ∏’ ∫ √¡
√“™“¿‘ ‡ …°·≈–æ√–√“™∑“π§”
ªØ‘≠“≥∑’Ë®–‡§“√æ°ÆÀ¡“¬Œ—ß°“√’
·≈–ª°§√Õßµ“¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠Œ—ß°“√’,
Õ’°∑—ßÈ ¬—ß‚ª√¥‡°≈â“œ „Àâøπóô øŸÀπ૬ߓπ
Õ‘ √–µà“ßÊ ·≈–π”¿“…“≈–µ‘π°≈—∫¡“
„™â‡ªìπ¿“…“√“™°“√Õ’°§√—ßÈ , ∑—ßÈ ¬—ß∑√ß
 —≠≠“«à“®–¥”‡π‘π°“√ªØ‘√ŸªŒ—ß°“√’
„π¥â“πµà“ßÊ Õ’°¥â«¬.
¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π °“√·æ√ࢬ“¬¢Õß
≈—∑∏‘‡ √’𬑠¡·≈–™“µ‘𬑠¡∑’‡Ë ªìπº≈®“°
°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘Ω√—Ë߇»  §.». Ò˜¯˘ °≈—∫
‡æ‘Ë¡·√ßµàÕµâ“π√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°·≈–
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬„Àâ·°à™“«Œ—ß°“√’. πÕ°®“°
π’È °…—µ√‘¬åæ√–Õߧå„À¡à§◊Õ®—°√æ√√¥‘
ø√“π´‘ ∑’Ë Ú (§.». Ò˜˘Ú-Ò¯ˆ)
·Ààß®—°√«√√¥‘‚√¡—πÕ—π»—°¥‘Ï ‘∑∏‘Ï [µàÕ
¡“ ∂“ªπ“æ√–Õ‘ √‘¬¬»‡ªìπ®—°√æ√√¥‘
ø√“π´‘ ∑’Ë Ò (§.». Ò¯Ù-Ò¯Ûı)
·Ààß®—°√«√√¥‘ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬] ¬—ß∑√ߥ”‡π‘π
π‚¬∫“¬Õπÿ √— ° …π‘ ¬ ¡°— ∫ Œ— ß °“√’ ‚ ¥¬
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
¬÷¥∂◊Õπ‚¬∫“¬°“√√—°…“ ∂“𖇥‘¡
(status quo) ·≈–µàÕµâ“π°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ
·ª≈ß —ߧ¡·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß∑ÿ°√Ÿª·∫∫.
·¡â¢≥–π—Èπ ∂“π°“√≥å„πŒ—ß°“√’®–
Õ∫Õ«≈‰ª¥â«¬°√–· °“√‡√’¬°√âÕß°“√
ªØ‘√Ÿªµà“ßÊ, ·µà®—°√æ√√¥‘ø√“π´‘ ∑’Ë
Ú °≈— ∫ ‰¡à ‡ √’ ¬ °ª√–™ÿ ¡ √— ∞  ¿“‡æ◊Ë Õ
·°â ‰ ¢°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë ® –„Àâ  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ‡  √’ ¿ “æ
·≈–Õ”π“®°“√ª°§√Õß·°àª√–™“™π
µ“¡¢âÕ‡√’¬°√âÕß.
√–À«à“ß §.». Ò¯Úı-Ò¯Ù¯
‡ªì π ™à « ß√–¬–‡«≈“∑’Ë ™ “«Œ— ß °“√’ ∑ÿ °
™π™—Èπ‰¥â∂Ÿ°ª≈ÿ°‡√â“„Àâ¡’®‘µ ”π÷°∑“ß
°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈–‡ √’¿“æ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥. ∑—Èßπ’È
‡ªì π º≈°√–∑∫®“°°“√‡ªî ¥ ª√–™ÿ ¡
√—∞ ¿“Œ—ß°“√’„π §.». Ò¯Úı À≈—ß®“°
«à“߇«âπ¡“‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ÒÛ ªï, ·≈–°“√
ªØ‘«µ— ‘ §.». Ò¯Û ∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ „πª√–‡∑»
Ω√—ßË ‡» ·≈–·æ√à°√–®“¬‰ª¬—ߪ√–‡∑»
µà“ßÊ. „πŒ—ß°“√’æ«°¢ÿππ“ßÀ—«
°â“«Àπâ“°Á√à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫ªí≠≠“™π, π—°
°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß, π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π ·≈–∫ÿ § §≈„π
Õ“™’æµà“ßÊ √«¡∑—ßÈ ≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ ´÷ßË
‡ªìππ—°‡¢’¬π·≈–π—°°“√‡¡◊ÕßΩ望°
°≈â“∑’Ë„™â«“∑»‘≈ªá·≈–„™âª“°°“‡ªìπ
Õ“«ÿ ∏ ‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡√’ ¬ °√â Õ ß°“√ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª ∑“ß
‡»√…∞°‘®  —ߧ¡ ·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß„πŒ—ß°“√’
√«¡∑—ÈßÕ‘ √¿“殓°°“√ª°§√ÕߢÕß
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬.
¥—ßπ—Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°‘¥°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘ §.».
Ò¯Ù¯ „π‡¥◊ Õ π¡’ π “§¡ ´÷Ë ß ¡’ º ≈
°√–∑∫‚¥¬µ√ßµà Õ °√ÿ ß ‡«’ ¬ ππ“‚¥¬
∑”„Àâ ªí ≠ ≠“™π√«¡µ— « °— π °à Õ °“√
®≈“®≈‡æ◊ËÕ‡√’¬°√âÕ߇ √’¿“æ·≈–°“√
ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª µà “ ßÊ ®π‡®â “ ™“¬‡§≈‡¡π
‡øóÕ ∑å øÕπ ‡¡∑‡∑Õ√åπ‘™ (Prince
Klemen Fürst von Metternich) Õ—§√
‡ π“∫¥’ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬ºŸâ¡’·π«§‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“
·≈–°ÿ¡Õ”π“®∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈–°“√
µà“ߪ√–‡∑»µâÕߪ√–°“»≈“ÕÕ°®“°
µ”·Àπàß. §Õ™ÿ∏®÷߇ÀÁπ‡ªìπ‚Õ°“  √–À«à“ß §.». Ò¯Úı-Ò¯Ú˜ ·≈– §.».
∑’Ë®–„Àâ√—∞ ¿“Œ—ß°“√’ª√–°“»„™â√—∞-
∏√√¡πŸ≠©∫—∫„À¡à∑’Ë„Àâ ‘∑∏‘‡ √’¿“æ
·°àª√–™“™π. ‡¢“°≈“¬‡ªìπºŸâπ”„π
°“√°à Õ °“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ Œ— ß °“√’ ‡ ªì π
‰∑®“°°“√ª°§√ÕߢÕß√“™«ß»å
Œ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°‡æ◊ËÕ¡’Õ”π“®„π°“√ª°§√Õß
µπ‡ÕßÕ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å.
¿Ÿ¡‘À≈—ߢÕß≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ °—∫
°“√µàÕµâ“πÕÕ ‡µ√’¬
≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ À√◊Õ¡’™◊ËÕ‡√’¬°„π
¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…«à“À≈ÿ¬ å §Õ™ÿ∏ ‡°‘¥
‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë Ò˘ °—𬓬π §.». Ò¯Ú ≥
‡¡◊ Õ ß‚¡πÕ§ (Monok) „π¡≥±≈
‡≈¡‡æ≈π (Lemplen) „πŒ—ß°“√’, ´÷Ëß
„π¢≥–π—Èπ‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß®—°√«√√¥‘
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬. ∫‘¥“¡’‡™◊ÈÕ “¬¢ÿππ“ß·µà
∞“𖬓°®π. ¡“√¥“¡’   “¬‡≈◊ Õ ¥
‡¬Õ√¡—π·≈– ‚≈«—°. §√Õ∫§√—«π—∫∂◊Õ
§√‘ µå»“ π“π‘°“¬≈Ÿ‡∑Õ·√π. ∫‘¥“
∑”ß“π‡ªìπ∑π“¬Àπâ“ÀÕ „Àâ·°à‡§“πµå
‡« »’ ¬å (Count Vescey) §À∫¥’
¢Õ߇¡◊Õß. „π«—¬‡¬“«å §Õ™ÿ∏‰¥â√—∫
°“√»÷ ° …“∑’Ë ‚ √߇√’ ¬ π»“ π“π‘ ° “¬
‚ª√‡µ ·µπµå ∑’Ë ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ ‡ ’ ¬ ߢÕ߇¡◊ Õ ß
´“√Õ æ“∑—§ (Sarospatak) ·≈–»÷°…“
µàÕ«‘™“°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë°√ÿß∫Ÿ¥“‡ª µå.
À≈—ß®∫°“√»÷°…“ §Õ™ÿ∑欓¬“¡
‡¢â“√—∫√“™°“√ ·µà‰¡à¡’µ”·Àπàß ®÷ß
‡¥‘π∑“ß°≈—∫¡“„™â™’«‘µ ≥ ∫â“π‡°‘¥.
‡¢“‰¥â∑”ß“π‡ªìπ∑π“¬Àπâ“ÀÕ‡™àπ
≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ π—°™“µ‘π‘¬¡Œ—ß°“√’ °—∫°“√µàÕµâ“π√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°
ˆÙ
‡¥’¬«°—∫∫‘¥“„Àâ·°à¿√√¬“À¡â“¬¢Õß
§À∫¥’∑’Ë¥‘π§πÀπ÷ËߢÕ߇¡◊Õß ·≈–„™â
™’«‘µ„π«—¬Àπÿà¡Õ¬à“ß πÿ° π“π. µàÕ
¡“„π ¡— ¬ ª√–™ÿ ¡ √— ∞  ¿“¢Õߌ— ß °“√’
Ò¯ÛÚ-Ò¯Ûˆ ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ™à « ߇«≈“∑’Ë
≈—∑∏‘‡ √’π‘¬¡·≈–≈—∑∏‘™“µ‘π‘¬¡‰¥â°àÕ
°√–·  Ÿß„πŒ—ß°“√’ Õ—π‡ªìπº≈°√–∑∫
®“°°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘ §.». Ò¯Ú ·≈–‚¥¬
‡©æ“–°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘ §.». Ò¯Û ∑’ˇ°‘¥
¢÷Èπ„πª√–‡∑»Ω√—Ë߇» ·≈–·æ√à‰ª¬—ß
ª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ, §Õ™ÿ∏¡’‚Õ°“ ‡¢â“√à«¡
ª√–™ÿ¡„π ¿“≈à“ß ‚¥¬‡ªìπºŸâ·∑π¢Õß
§À∫¥’À√◊Õ¿√‘¬“À¡â“¬¢ÕߧÀ∫¥’ ´÷Ëß
‰¡à¡’ ‘∑∏‘查·≈–· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ„π
∑’ªË √–™ÿ¡. Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ∫√√¬“°“»¢Õß
°“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ °Á ®ÿ ¥ ª√–°“¬§«“¡ π„®
∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß„Àâ·°à‡¢“ ·≈–∫ࡇ擖
§«“¡ª√“√∂π“Õ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß∑’®Ë –ªØ‘√ªŸ
 ¿“栗ߧ¡ ‡»√…∞°‘® ·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
¢Õߌ—ß°“√’„À⥒¢÷Èπ. §Õ™ÿ∏µâÕß°“√„Àâ
Œ— ß °“√’ ¡’ ‡  √’ ¿ “æ„π∑ÿ ° ¥â “ π. ‡¢“
‡√’ ¬ °√â Õ ß„Àâ ¡’ ° “√ª≈¥ª≈à Õ ¬™“«π“
¢â“µ‘¥∑’Ë¥‘π„À⇪ìπÕ‘ √–Õ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
·≈–¡’ ° “√‡°Á ∫ ¿“…’ ™ π™—È π ¢ÿ π π“ß.
πÕ°®“°π’È §Õ™ÿ∏¬—ß¡Õ߇ÀÁπ«à“ ¿“æ
 —ߧ¡∑’˵°µË”·≈–≈â“À≈—ߢÕߌ—ß°“√’¡’
√“°‡Àßâ“®“°°“√∑’ËŒ—ß°“√’µâÕßµ°Õ¬Ÿà
„πÕ”π“®¢Õß ç°√ÿ߇«’¬ππ“é. ¥—ßπ—Èπ
°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª —ߧ¡ ‡»√…∞°‘® ·≈–°“√
‡¡◊ Õ ß¢Õߌ— ß °“√’ ® – — ¡ ƒ∑∏‘ º ≈‰¥â ® –
µâÕß¡’ ç°“√ª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õßé
°àÕπ §◊Õ‡ªìπÕ‘ √–®“°°“√ª°§√Õß
¢ÕßÕÕ ‡µ√’¬.
·π«§‘¥™“µ‘π‘¬¡∑’˺ ¡º “π°—∫
§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ÕßÕ—π√ÿπ·√ß

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù
≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ (§.». Ò¯Ú-Ò˘Ù)
¥—ß°≈à“« ∑”„Àâ§Õ™ÿ∏‰¡àµ√–Àπ—°∂÷ß
Õ— π µ√“¬„π°“√∑â “ ∑“¬Õ”π“®¢Õß
ÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ ∑’Ë ª °§√Õߌ— ß °“√’ ¡ “‡ªì π
‡«≈“π—∫√âÕ¬Ê ªï. ‡¢“‰¥â √ÿªº≈°“√
ª√–™ÿ¡¢Õß√—∞ ¿“Œ—ß°“√’ ·≈–®—¥æ‘¡æå
‡ªìπ√“¬ß“π√—∞ ¿“ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡º¬·æ√à‰ª
∑—«Ë Œ—ß°“√’. π—∫‡ªìπ§√—ßÈ ·√°∑’ªË √–™“™π
‰¥â∑√“∫∂÷ßÀ—«¢âÕ°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ¢âÕ‚µâ
·¬â ß ·≈–¡µ‘ ´÷Ë ß °à Õ πÀπâ “ π’È ®”°— ¥ °“√
√—∫√Ÿâ‡©æ“–ºŸâ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕ߇∑à“π—Èπ ·≈–
‰¡à¡’°“√æ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à‡Õ° “√ √ÿªº≈
°“√ª√–™ÿ¡¡“°àÕπ‡≈¬. §Õ™ÿ∏‰¥â„™â
∑—°…–¥â“π¿“…“Õ—π‡ªìπ‡≈‘»¢Õ߇¢“
„π°“√‡√’ ¬ ∫‡√’ ¬ ߇¢’ ¬ π√“¬ß“π®π
∑”„Àâ√“¬ß“π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡¡’ ’ —π‡ªìπ∑’Ë
¥÷ߥŸ¥„®¢ÕߺŸâÕà“π∑ÿ°√–¥—∫™—Èπ ´÷Ëß¡’
≈—°…≥–·µ°µà“ß®“°®ÿ≈ “√°“√‡¡◊Õß
Õπ—πµå™—¬ ‡≈“À–æ—π∏ÿ
Õ◊πË Ê ∑’‡Ë §√à߇§√’¬¥·≈–·Àâß·≈âß. §Õ™ÿ∏
¡’π—°‡√’¬π°ÆÀ¡“¬ (jurati) ´÷Ëßµ“¡
∏√√¡‡π’¬¡ªØ‘∫—µ‘‰¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘‡ªìπºŸâ‡¢â“
√à«¡øíß°“√ª√–™ÿ¡‡ªìπºŸâ™à«¬„π°“√
®—¥æ‘¡æå·≈–‡º¬·æ√à‡Õ° “√‰ª¬—ß∑’Ë
µà“ßÊ ∑—Ë«Œ—ß°“√’. µàÕ¡“ §Õ™ÿ∏¬—ß
‰¥â√—∫‡™‘≠‡ªìπ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√®“° ¿“
‡¢µ‡ª µå (Pest County Assembly)
„Àâ®—¥∑”√“¬ß“π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡¢Õß ¿“
‡¢µ‡ª µå ‡æ◊ËÕ‡º¬·æ√à·°à “∏“√≥™π
¥â«¬. ∫∑∫“∑¥—ß°≈à“«®÷߇∑à“°—∫‡ªìπ
°“√¬—Ë « ¬ÿ „ Àâ ‡ ®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë Õ Õ ‡µ√’ ¬ §‘ ¥
°”®—¥‡¢“. „π«—π∑’Ë Ù æƒ…¿“§¡ §.».
Ò¯Û˜ §Õ™ÿ∏°Á∂Ÿ°®—∫„π¢âÕÀ“°∫Ø
‡æ√“–‡¢’ ¬ π√“¬ß“π„π‡™‘ ß µà Õ µâ “ π
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬. À≈—ß®“°∂Ÿ°§«∫§ÿ¡µ—«‡ªìπ
‡«≈“ ÚÚ ‡¥◊Õπ ‡¢“°Á∂Ÿ°»“≈µ—¥ ‘π
ˆÙÒ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
«à“°√–∑”§«“¡º‘¥·≈–¡’‚∑…®”§ÿ°‡ªìπ
‡«≈“ Û ªï. √–À«à“ß∑’˵âÕß‚∑…π—Èπ
§Õ™ÿ∏‰¥â„™â‡«≈“„π°“√Õà“πÀπ—ß ◊Õ Ωñ°
∑’Ë ® –§«∫§ÿ ¡ µπ‡Õß·≈–§«“¡‡§√à ß
‡§√’ ¬ ¥ «“ß·ºπ°“√ √«¡∑—È ß  √â “ ß
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„Àâ·°àµπ‡Õß·≈–∫ÿ§§≈
„°≈♥‘ ı(a).
„π §.». Ò¯Ù §Õ™ÿ∏‰¥â√—∫Õ¿—¬
‚∑…Õ—π‡ªìπº≈®“°°“√‡√’¬°√âÕߢÕß
ª√–™“™π. Õ’° Ò ªïµàÕ¡“ ‡¢“°Á
 “¡“√∂øíπΩÉ“°Æ‡°≥±å¢âÕÀâ“¡¢Õß
 —ߧ¡ °ÆÀ¡“¬·≈–»“ π“∑’ËÀâ“¡°“√
·µàßß“π√–À«à“ߺŸâπ—∫∂◊Õ§√‘ µå»“ π“
∑’Ë π‘ ° “¬·µ°µà “ ß°— π ‚¥¬ ¡√ °— ∫
‡∑‡√‡´’¬ ‡¡ ´≈“π¬’ (Terezia Mesz-
lanyi) ´÷Ëßπ—∫∂◊Õπ‘°“¬‚√¡—π§“∑Õ≈‘°.
¢≥–‡¥’ ¬ «°— π °Á ‰ ¥â ‡ ªì π ∫√√≥“∏‘ ° “√
«“√ “√‡ª µå (Pesti Hirlap - Pest
Journal) ´÷Ë ß  π— ∫  πÿ π °“√ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª
∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈–‡√’¬°√âÕß„À⌗߰“√’¡’
√—∞ ¿“∑’·Ë ¬°µ—«‡ªìπÕ‘ √–®“°ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬.
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ·¡â¢âÕ‡¢’¬πÕ—π√ÿπ·√ߢÕß
§Õ™ÿ∏®–‡ªìπ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡Õà“π°—π„πÀ¡Ÿà™“«
Œ—ß°“√’™“µ‘𬑠¡ ·µà° Á √â“ߧ«“¡Õ÷¥Õ—¥
„Àâ·°àπ—°ªØ‘√Ÿª “¬°≈“ß æ«°Õπÿ-
√—°…π‘¬¡·≈–‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë√–¥—∫ Ÿß. „π
§.». Ò¯ÙÙ §Õ™ÿ∏®÷ß∂Ÿ°ª≈¥ÕÕ°®“°
µ”·Àπàß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ «“√ “√‡ª µå
·≈–‰¡à‰¥â√∫— Õπÿ≠“µ„À⮥— æ‘¡æå«“√ “√
¢Õ߇¢“‡Õߥ⫬. ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π ‡®â“™“¬
‡¡∑‡∑Õ√åπ‘™ Õ—§√¡À“‡ π“∫¥’ ·Ààß
ÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ °Á ‡  πÕ„Àâ § Õ™ÿ ∏ ∑”ß“π„Àâ
√—∞∫“≈‡æ◊ÕË ∑’®Ë – “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡‡¢“‰¥â.
§Õ™ÿ ∏ µÕ∫ªØ‘ ‡  ∏·≈–À— 𠉪®— ¥ µ—È ß
 ¡“§¡‡æ◊ËÕ à߇ √‘¡°“√Õÿµ “À°√√¡
„πŒ—ß°“√’, ´÷ËßµàÕ¡“‡¢“„™â‡ªìπ‡«∑’„π
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
°“√ª≈ÿ ° √–¥¡·≈– √â “ ß®‘ µ  ”π÷ ° „Àâ
·°à™“«Œ—ß°“√’„π°“√ªØ‘√ªŸ √–∫∫ —ߧ¡
‡»√…∞°‘® ·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß.
„π §.». Ò¯Ù˜ ‡¢µ‡ª µå àß
§Õ™ÿ∏‡ªìπºŸâ·∑π„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡√—∞ ¿“
≥ ‡¡◊ Õ ß‚æ´‚´π’ À √◊ Õ ∫√“∑‘   ≈“«“
(Pozsony/Bratislava). ‡¢“∂◊ Õ
‚Õ°“ π’ȇªìπºŸâπ”¢Õßæ√√§ªØ‘√Ÿª„π∑’Ë
ª√–™ÿ¡. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°‘¥°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘‡¥◊Õπ
°ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å §.». Ò¯Ù¯ „πª√–‡∑»
Ω√—Ë ß ‡»  ‡æ◊Ë Õ ≈â ¡ ≈â “ ßÕ”π“®¢Õß
æ√–‡®â“À≈ÿ¬ å øî≈‘ª (§.». Ò¯Û-
Ò¯Ù¯) ·Ààß√“™«ß»å∫√Ÿ ∫å ß (Bourbon)
·≈–‡√’ ¬ °√â Õ ß√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ Õ— 𠇪ì π ®ÿ ¥
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¢Õß°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘ §.». Ò¯Ù¯ ∑’Ë
·æ√à°√–®“¬‰ª∑—Ë«∑—È߬ÿ‚√ªπ—Èπ §Õ™ÿ∏
°Áπ”‡Àµÿ°“√≥å¥ß— °≈à“«¡“‡ªìπª√–‡¥Áπ
∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß„πŒ—ß°“√’·≈–‡√’¬°√âÕß
°“√ªØ‘√ªŸ ª√–‡∑».
„π«—π∑’Ë Û ¡’π“§¡ §Õ™ÿ∏‰¥â„™â
«“∑»‘ ≈ ªá Õ— 𠇩’ ¬ ∫§¡Õ¿‘ ª √“¬„π
√— ∞  ¿“‡√’ ¬ °√â Õ ß√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ „Àâ · °à
Œ—ß°“√’, ¬°‡≈‘°√–∫Õ∫°“√ª°§√Õß
·∫∫ ¡∫Ÿ√≥“≠“ ‘∑∏‘√“™¬å, ªØ‘√Ÿª
°“√§≈—ß, ‚¥¬„À⌗߰“√’¡’√–∫∫°“√
‡ß‘π∑’ˇªìπÕ‘ √–, ®—¥‡°Á∫¿“…’¢ÿππ“ß,
¬°‡≈‘ ° §à “ ∏√√¡‡π’ ¬ ¡·≈–°“√µÕ∫
·∑π¥â«¬·√ßß“π À√◊Õ°“√„Àâ∫√‘°“√
¢Õßæ«°¢â“µ‘¥∑’¥Ë π‘ µ“¡√–∫Õ∫øî«¥—≈,
‚¥¬„Àâ√∞— ∫“≈®à“¬‡ß‘π§à“™¥‡™¬·°àæ«°
‡®â “ ∑’Ë ¥‘ π µ≈Õ¥®π„Àâ  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ∑ “ß°“√
‡¡◊Õß·°à™π™—πÈ °≈“ß·≈–™“«π“∑’ÕË “»—¬
„π‡¢µ‡¡◊Õß·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ, ∑—È߇ πÕ„Àâ¡’
°“√°”®—¥ ç√–∫∫∑’ˇπà“‡ø–é ¢Õß°√ÿß
‡«’¬ππ“ÕÕ°®“°°“√§«∫§ÿ¡Œ—ß°“√’ı(b),
‚¥¬°≈à “ ««à “ ‡ªì π ‡æ’ ¬ ßÀπ∑“߇¥’ ¬ «
‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë®–ª°ªí°√—°…“‡ √’¿“æ¢Õß
Œ—ß°“√’·≈–ª√–™“™π∑ÿ°À¡Ÿà‡À≈à“∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà
„µâ°“√ª°§√ÕߢÕß√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°.
‰¥â¡’°“√·ª≈¢âÕ‡√’¬°√âÕߥ—ß°≈à“«¢Õß
§Õ™ÿ ∏ ®“°¿“…“·¡°¬“√å ‡ ªì π ¿“…“
‡¬Õ√¡—π‚¥¬∑—π∑’ ·≈–®—¥æ‘¡æ出¬
·æ√à‰ª∑—Ë«¿“§µ–«—πµ°¢Õß®—°√«√√¥‘
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬´÷Ëߪ√–™“™π∑—Ë«‰ª°”≈—߉¡à
æÕ„®√—∞∫“≈‡ªìπÕ—π¡“°. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷ß
°à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ °√–· ‡√’ ¬ °√â Õ ß„Àâ ¡’ ° “√
ªØ‘√Ÿª∑’Ë¥‘π °“√ª°§√Õß ·≈–√–∫∫
‡»√…∞°‘® ¬°‡≈‘°°“√µ√«®§«∫§ÿ¡
Àπ—ß ◊Õ·≈– ‘Ëßµ’æ‘¡æå ·≈–„Àâ¡’°“√
ª√–™ÿ¡√—∞ ¿“. „π∑’Ë ÿ¥π—°»÷°…“„π
°√ÿ߇«’¬π𓉥â°àÕ°“√®≈“®≈·≈–‡¥‘π
¢∫«π¢÷Èπ„π«—π∑’Ë ÒÛ ¡’π“§¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ
‡√’¬°√âÕ߇ √’¿“æ·≈–°“√ªØ‘√ªŸ µà“ßÊ.
‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∫“πª≈“¬‡ªì𧫓¡√ÿπ·√ß
®π‡®â “ ™“¬‡¡∑‡∑Õ√å π‘ ™ µâ Õ ß≈“ÕÕ°
®“°µ”·ÀπàßÕ—§√¡À“‡ π“∫¥’ À≈—ß
√Ÿª∑’Ë ı
°“√®≈“®≈„π°√ÿ߇«’¬ππ“ π§√À≈«ß¢ÕßÕÕ ‡µ√’¬ „π‡Àµÿ°“√≥åªØ‘«—µ‘ §.». Ò¯Ù¯
≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ π—°™“µ‘π‘¬¡Œ—ß°“√’ °—∫°“√µàÕµâ“π√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°
ˆÙÚ
®“°§√ÕßÕ”π“®µ‘¥µàÕ°—π¡“‡ªìπ‡«≈“
Û˜ ªïˆ.
°“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ §.». Ò¯Ù¯ °— ∫
§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡·¬°µ— « ‡ªì π
‡Õ°√“™¢Õߌ—ß°“√’
‡¡◊ÕË ¢à“«°“√ªØ‘«µ— „‘ π°√ÿ߇«’¬ππ“
·æ√à ‰ ª¬— ß ‡¡◊ Õ ß‚æ´‚´π’ §Õ™ÿ ∏
 “¡“√∂‚πâ ¡ πâ “ «„Àâ √— ∞  ¿“Œ— ß °“√’
ª√–°“»„™â√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠©∫—∫„À¡à∑’Ë„Àâ
 ‘∑∏‘‡ √’¿“æ·°àª√–™“™π. ∑’˪√–™ÿ¡
µ°≈ß„Àâ¡’°“√®—¥µ—Èß√—∞ ¿“·Ààß™“µ‘
¢÷È π „À¡à ‚ ¥¬¡’ ∑—È ß  ¡“™‘ ° ¡“®“°°“√
·µàßµ—ßÈ ( ¿“ Ÿß) ·≈–®“°°“√‡≈◊Õ°µ—ßÈ
∑—«Ë ‰ª ( ¿“≈à“ß) ‚¥¬¡’«“√– Û ªï, „Àâ
 ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ‡  ¡Õ¿“§∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬·°à ™ “«
Œ—ß°“√’∑°ÿ ™π™—πÈ ·µà ∑‘ ∏‘°“√ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß
‡≈◊Õ°µ—Èß®–æ‘®“√≥“®“°Õ“™’æ √“¬‰¥â
·≈–§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß∑“ß —ߧ¡. πÕ°®“°
π’È ¬—ß¡’°“√§È”ª√–°—π ‘∑∏‘¢—Èπæ◊Èπ∞“π

¢Õߪ√–™“™π „À⇠√’¿“æ„π°“√π—∫∂◊Õ
»“ π“ ·≈–°“√· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ,
∑—ßÈ ¬—߬°‡≈‘°Õ¿‘ ∑‘ ∏‘¢Ï Õß™π™—πÈ ¢ÿππ“ß
·≈–„Àâ¢ÿππ“ß®à“¬¿“…’‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫
™π™—ÈπÕ◊ËπÊ Õ’°¥â«¬.  à«π„π¥â“π
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬π—Èπ Œ—ß°“√’
¬—߇ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß®—°√«√√¥‘µàÕ‰ª
·≈–¥”√߉«â´ß÷Ë  ∂“∫—πæ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬å
·µà ¡’ § ≥–√— ∞ ∫“≈¢Õßµπ‡Õß·≈–¡’
Õ”π“®‡µÁ¡∑’Ë„π°“√ ß§√“¡ °“√§≈—ß
·≈–°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑», À√◊Õ°≈à“«Õ’°
π—¬Àπ÷ßË Œ—ß°“√’¡Õ’ ”π“®„π°“√ª°§√Õß
µπ‡ÕßÕ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å. §Õ™ÿ∏‰¥â√—∫
·µàßµ—Èß„À⇪ìπºŸâ·∑π§πÀπ÷Ëß„π§≥–
ºŸâ · ∑π∑’Ë ‡ ¥‘ π ∑“߉ª¬— ß °√ÿ ß ‡«’ ¬ ππ“
‡æ◊ËÕ¬◊Ëπ¢âÕ‡ πÕ¥—ß°≈à“«π’È·°à√—∞∫“≈
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬ „π«—π∑’Ë ÛÒ ¡’π“§¡. √—∞∫“≈
ÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ ¬Õ¡√— ∫ ·ºπ°“√ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª
°“√‡¡◊Õß ‡»√…∞°‘® ·≈– —ߧ¡¢Õß
Œ—ß°“√’˜.
§Õ™ÿ∏‰¥â√—∫·µàßµ—È߇ªìπ‡ π“∫¥’
«à“°“√°√–∑√«ß°“√§≈—ß„π§≥–√—∞∫“≈
∑’Ë¡’‡§“πµå ≈“¬Õ™ ∫“∑¬“π’ (Count
Lajos Batthyany) ‡ªì π Õ— § √¡À“
‡ π“∫¥’. Àπâ“∑’Ë„πµ”·Àπà߇ π“∫¥’
¥— ß °≈à “ «π— ∫ ‡ªì π °“√∑â “ ∑“¬§«“¡
 “¡“√∂¢Õߧՙÿ∏‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß ‡æ√“–
‡¢“®–µâ Õ ß§«∫§ÿ ¡ °“√‡ß‘ π µ≈Õ¥®π
ß∫ª√–¡“≥∑À“√ ´÷ßË ¬—ߧ߇ªìπª√–‡¥Áπ
ªí≠À“∑’‰Ë ¡à “¡“√∂µ°≈ß°—π‰¥â√–À«à“ß
ÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ °— ∫ Œ— ß °“√’ . §Õ™ÿ ∏ ¬—Ë « ¬ÿ
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬·≈–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡µ÷߇§√’¬¥
¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ‡¢“ª√–°“»Àâ“¡°“√ àß
‡ß‘π√“™æ— ¥ÿ‰ª¬—ßÕÕ ‡µ√’¬. µàÕ¡“
‡¢“¬—ß‚πâ¡πâ“«„Àâ√∞—  ¿“Œ—ß°“√’ªØ‘‡ ∏
°“√ àß∑À“√®”π«π Ú, §π‰ª
Õπ—πµå™—¬ ‡≈“À–æ—π∏ÿ
√à « ¡√∫°— ∫ °Õß∑— æ ÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ „π°“√
ª√“∫ª√“¡™“«Õ‘µ“≈’™“µ‘𬑠¡∑’≈Ë °ÿ Œ◊Õ
¢÷È π °à Õ °“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ≈â ¡ ≈â “ ßÕ”π“®
ª°§√ÕߢÕßÕÕ ‡µ√’¬„π§“∫ ¡ÿ∑√
Õ‘µ“≈’Õ°’ ¥â«¬.
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ °“√µàÕµâ“πÕÕ ‡µ√’¬
„π™à«ß°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘ §.». Ò¯Ù¯ π—Èπ
Œ—ß°“√’ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®Õ¬à“ß√“∫√◊πË
·µà„π√–¬–·√°Ê ‡∑à“π—Èπ. °“√¥”‡π‘π
π‚¬∫“¬ª°§√Õßµπ‡Õß®“°Õ”π“®
¢ÕßÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ ∑”„Àâ ™ π°≈ÿà ¡ πâ Õ ¬„π
Œ— ß °“√’ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–™“«‚§√Õ— µ „π
‚§√‡Õ‡™’¬æ¬“¬“¡‡√’¬°√âÕß ‘∑∏‘°“√
ª°§√Õßµπ‡Õß·≈–‡ªì π Õ‘   √–®“°
Œ—ß°“√’¥â«¬. ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬®÷߇ÀÁπ‡ªìπ
‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–‡¢â“·∑√°·´ß ‚¥¬·µàßµ—Èß
„Àâπ“¬æ≈ ∫“√Õπ ¬Õ´’ª ¬Õ≈“´´’
(Baron Josip Jolacci) ºŸâ¡’§«“¡
‡°≈’ ¬ ¥™— ß ™“«·¡°¬“√å Õ ¬à “ ߇¢â “
°√–¥Ÿ°¥”‡ªìπ¢â“À≈«ß¢Õß‚§√‡Õ‡™’¬.
„π‰¡à ™â “ ∫“√Õπ ¬Õ≈“´´’ °Á ·  ¥ß
∑’∑à“Õ¬à“߇ªî¥‡º¬∑’Ë®–°àÕ°“√°∫صàÕ
√—∞∫“≈Œ—ß°“√’, ´÷Ëß àߺ≈„Àâæ√√§°“√
‡¡◊Õß∑’µË Õà µâ“π™“« ≈“ø·≈–®—°√«√√¥‘
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬¢Õߧՙÿ∏°â“«‡¢â“¡“¡’Õ”π“®
Õ¬à“߇µÁ¡µ—«·≈–∑”„À₧√‡Õ‡™’¬°—∫
Œ—ß°“√’‰¡à “¡“√∂ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡°—π
‰¥âÕ’°µàÕ‰ª. „π‡¥◊Õπ°√°Æ“§¡ §.».
Ò¯Ù¯ √—∞ ¿“Œ—ß°“√’‰¥âÕπÿ¡µ— „‘ Àâ§Õ™ÿ∏
‡√’¬°√–¥¡æ≈®”π«π Ú, §π
·≈–ß∫ª√–¡“≥ ÙÚ ≈â “ πø≈Õ√‘ π
‡æ◊ËÕ∑” ß§√“¡°—∫‚§√‡Õ‡™’¬˜(b).
„π«—π∑’Ë ÒÒ °—𬓬π ∫“√Õπ
¬Õ≈“´´’‰¥â¬°°Õß∑—悧√‡Õ‡™’¬´÷Ëß
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬∑À“√®”π«π Û,-
Ûı, §π ¢â“¡æ√¡·¥πŒ—ß°“√’
ˆÙÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‚¥¬¡ÿàßÀπⓉª¬—ß°√ÿß∫Ÿ¥“‡ª µå ‡æ◊ËÕ
ª√“∫ª√“¡ ç°∫Ø„πŒ—ß°“√’é. √—∞∫“≈
Œ—ß°“√’®ß÷ ª√–°“»«à“¬Õ≈“´´’‡ªìπ°∫Ø
·≈–‡√’¬°√–¥¡°Õß°”≈—ߢÕß®—°√«√√¥‘
∑’µË ß—È „πŒ—ß°“√’ √«¡∑—ßÈ °Õß°”≈—ߪÑÕß°—π
ªîµ¿ÿ ¡Ÿ ‘ (honved) ‡æ◊ÕË µàÕ Ÿ°â ∫— °Õß∑—æ
‚§√‡Õ‡™’¬. °“√√∫§√—Èßπ’È®÷ß¡’𗬇ªìπ
°“√√∫√–À«à“ß°Õß∑—æ¢Õß®—°√«√√¥‘
(ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬) ¥â«¬°—π ‚¥¬¡’ºŸâπ”®”π«π
Àπ÷Ë ß ¢Õß√“™ ”π— ° ·≈–√— ∞ ∫“≈·Àà ß
°√ÿ߇«’¬ππ“„Àâ°“√ π—∫ πÿπ·°à∫“√Õπ
¬Õ≈“´´’.  à«π∑’‡Ë À≈◊Õ·¡â®–‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬
·µà°ÁµâÕ߬ա√—∫«à“°“√√∫§√—Èßπ’ȇªìπ
 ß§√“¡∑’ËÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߉¡à‰¥â.
¢≥–‡¥’ ¬ «°— π ‡¡◊Ë Õ °Õß∑— æ
‚§√‡Õ‡™’¬‡¢â“√ÿ°√“πŒ—ß°“√’ ∫“∑¬“π’
‰¥âª√–°“»≈“ÕÕ°®“°µ”·ÀπàßÕ—§√
¡À“‡ π“∫¥’, §Õ™ÿ∏®÷߇ªìπºŸâπ”¢Õß
Œ—ß°“√’‚¥¬ª√‘¬“¬. ¿“¬„µâ°“√™’È·π–
¢Õ߇¢“ √— ∞  ¿“Œ— ß °“√’ ‰ ¥â ª √–°“»
¡“µ√°“√©ÿ°‡©‘πµà“ßÊ √«¡∑—Èß°“√ —Ëß
æ‘ ¡ æå ∏ π∫— µ √‡æ‘Ë ¡ ·≈–√–¥¡æ≈‡¢â “
ª√–®”°“√„π°Õß°”≈— ß ªÑ Õ ß°— π ™“µ‘
ªî µÿ ¿Ÿ ¡‘ · ∑π°Õß∑— æ ¢Õß®— ° √«√√¥‘ .
πÕ°®“°π’È ¬— ß ¬°‡≈‘ ° °ÆÀ¡“¬°“√
‡°Á∫¿“…’√âÕ¬™—° ‘∫ (tithe) „π°“√∑”
‰√àÕßÿàπÕ’°¥â«¬, ´÷Ëß √â“ߧ«“¡æÕ„®„Àâ
·°àæ«°™“«‰√à‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°. µàÕ¡“
„π«—π∑’Ë ÚÒ °—𬓬π √—∞ ¿“°Á·µàß
µ—Èß ¡“™‘° ˆ §π‡ªìπ§≥–°√√¡“∏‘°“√
ªÑÕß°—𙓵‘∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë·∑π§≥–√—∞∫“≈
‚¥¬¡’§Õ™ÿ∏¥”√ßµ”·Àπà߇ªìπª√–∏“π
§≥–°√√¡“∏‘°“√œ ·≈–‡ªìπºŸâ¡’Õ”π“®
 Ÿß ÿ¥. „π«—π∑’Ë Ú˘ °—𬓬π °Õß∑—æ
Œ— ß °“√’ ∑’Ë ∑ À“√ à « π„À≠à ‡ ªì π ∑À“√
‡°≥±å„À¡à°Á “¡“√∂‡Õ“™π–°Õß∑—æ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
¢Õß‚§√‡Õ‡™’¬‰¥â.
„π«—π∑’Ë Û µÿ≈“§¡ ®—°√æ√√¥‘
‡øÕ√å ¥‘ π “π¥å ∑’Ë Ò (§.». Ò¯Ûı-
Ò¯Ù¯) ·Àà ß ÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ ∑√ß¡’ · ∂≈ß
°“√≥å¬∫ÿ √—∞ ¿“Œ—ß°“√’·≈–ª√–°“»„™â
°ÆÕ—¬°“√»÷°°—∫Œ—ß°“√’æ√âÕ¡°—∫∑√ß
·µàßµ—Èß∫“√Õπ¬Õ≈“´´’‡ªìπºŸâ∫—≠™“
°“√∑À“√ Ÿ ß  ÿ ¥ „πŒ— ß °“√’ . ¢≥–
‡¥’¬«°—π √—∞∫“≈·Ààß°√ÿ߇«’¬ππ“°Á
欓¬“¡ à ß °Õß°”≈— ß ¡“ ¡∑∫°— ∫
°Õß∑—悧√‡Õ‡™’¬∑’Ëæà“¬·æâÕ¬à“߬—∫
‡¬‘π„π°“√√∫ ·µà∂Ÿ°°≈ÿà¡π—°»÷°…“
·≈–æ«°À— « √ÿ π ·√ß„π°√ÿ ß ‡«’ ¬ ππ“∑’Ë
™◊Ë π ™¡°“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ „ πŒ— ß °“√’ µà Õ µâ “ π.
‡Àµÿ°“√≥å≈ÿ°≈“¡‡ªìπ°“√®≈“®≈·≈–
°“√„™â§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß √«¡∑—Èß°“√µàÕ Ÿâ
√–À«à “ ß∑À“√¥â « ¬°— π , ®π∑”„Àâ
®—°√æ√√¥‘‡øÕ√契π“π¥å∑’Ë Ò æ√âÕ¡
¥â « ¬ ¡“™‘ ° √“™«ß»å · ≈–√— ∞ ∫“≈µâ Õ ß
Õæ¬æ≈’È¿—¬ÕÕ°®“°°√ÿ߇«’¬π𓉪¬—ß
‡¡◊Õß‚Õ≈¡÷∑´å (Olmütz) „𷧫âπ
‚¡‡√‡«’¬ (Moravia).
„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“ §Õ™ÿ∏ àß°Õß∑À“√
Œ—ß°“√’®”π«π Úı, §π ‰ª π—∫
 πÿπæ«°ªØ‘«—µ‘„π°√ÿ߇«’¬ππ“, ·µà
™â“‡°‘π‰ª·≈–∂Ÿ°°Õß∑—æ¢Õ߬Õ≈“´´’
·≈–°Õß∑— æ ÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ ¿“¬„µâ ° “√
∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“¢Õßπ“¬æ≈Õ“‡∏Õ√å «‘π-
¥‘ ™·°√∑´å (Arthur Windischgratz)
 °— ¥ °—È π ‰«â ‰ ¥â „ π¬ÿ ∑ ∏°“√∑’Ë ™ ‡«‡™µ
(Battle of Schwechet «—π∑’Ë Û
µÿ≈“§¡ Ò¯Ù¯). °Õß∑—挗߰“√’æà“¬
·æâÕ¬à“߬—∫‡¬‘π®πµâÕß≈à“∂Õ¬.  à«π
°Õß∑—æ¢Õß‚§√‡Õ‡™’¬·≈–ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬
 “¡“√∂ºπ÷ ° °”≈— ß °— π ‡¢â “ §«∫§ÿ ¡
 ∂“π°“√≥å„π°√ÿ߇«’¬π𓉥â. ∫√√¥“
À— « Àπâ “ ΩÉ “ ¬°∫Ø∂Ÿ ° µ— ¥  ‘ π ª√–À“√
™’«‘µÀ√◊Õ®”§ÿ°. π—∫·µàπ—Èπ‡ªìπµâπ¡“
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬‡√‘¡Ë ª√“∫ª√“¡æ«°™“µ‘𬑠¡
„π®—°√«√√¥‘Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß √«¡∑—Èß„π
Œ—ß°“√’∑æ’Ë ¬“¬“¡·¬°µ—«‡ªìπÕ‘ √–¥â«¬.
„π™à«ßª≈“¬ ß§√“¡ °Õß∑—æ
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬´÷Ëß¡’π“¬æ≈«‘𥑠™·°√∑´å
‡ªìπ·¡à∑—æ “¡“√∂¬÷¥°√ÿß∫Ÿ¥“‡ª µå
‰¥â. §Õ™ÿ∏æ√âÕ¡¥â«¬§≥–°√√¡“∏‘°“√
ªÑÕß°—𙓵‘  ¡“™‘°√—∞ ¿“·≈–∫ÿ§§≈
 ”§—≠Ê µâÕßÕæ¬æ‰ªµ—Èß¡—Ëπ ≥ ‡¡◊Õß
‡¥Õ‡∫√‡´π (Debrecen). ·µà„π‰¡à™“â
π“¬æ≈Õ“‡∏Õ√å ‡°Õ√å ‰ ° (Arther
Gorgey) ´÷Ëߧՙÿ∏‡æ‘Ëß·µàßµ—È߇ªìπ
·¡à ∑— æ §π„À¡à °Á   “¡“√∂π”∑À“√
Œ—ß°“√’®”π«π Ò˜, §π √∫™π–
°Õß∑À“√ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬¢Õßπ“¬æ≈«‘π-
¥‘ ™·°√∑´å∑’Ë°”≈—߬÷¥°√ÿß∫Ÿ¥“‡ª µå
·≈–º≈—°¥—πÕÕ°®“°¥‘π·¥πŒ—ß°“√’‰¥â
 ”‡√Á®„πƒ¥Ÿ„∫‰¡âº≈‘ §.». Ò¯Ù˘.
¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π ®—°√æ√√¥‘ø√“π´‘  ‚®-
‡´ø (§.». Ò¯Ù¯-Ò˘Òˆ ‡ ¥Á®¢÷Èπ
§√Õß√“™¬å µà Õ ®“°®— ° √æ√√¥‘ ‡ øÕ√å -
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ
°“√ª–∑–°—π√–À«à“ß°Õß∑—挗߰“√’°—∫°Õß∑—æÕÕ ‡µ√’¬ ≥ ª√“ “∑∫Ÿ¥“ „π §.». Ò¯Ù˘
≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ π—°™“µ‘π‘¬¡Œ—ß°“√’ °—∫°“√µàÕµâ“π√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°
ˆÙÙ
¥‘π“π¥å∑’Ë Ò ∑’Ë∑√ß ≈–√“™ ¡∫—µ‘„π
‡¥◊Õπ∏—𫓧¡ §.». Ò¯Ù¯) °Á∑√ß
ÕÕ°ª√–°“»√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ©∫— ∫ „À¡à
‡√’¬°«à“ ç√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑“߇≈◊Õ°„À¡àé
(Stadion Constitution - Oktro-
yierte Constition)ı(c) ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ù
¡’π“§¡ §.». Ò¯Ù˘, ·µà‰¡à‡ªìπ∑’Ë
¬Õ¡√—∫¢Õߧՙÿ∏´÷ßË ‡ÀÁπ«à“√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
©∫—∫„À¡à¬—ߧߡ’≈—°…≥–√“™“∏‘ª‰µ¬
·≈–√«∫Õ”π“®‰«â∑’Ë à«π°≈“ß, ∑—È߬—ß
¡’°“√∂Õ¥∂ÕπÕ”π“®°“√ª°§√ÕߢÕß
Œ—ß°“√’„π¥‘π·¥πµà“ßÊ ·≈–ªØ‘∫—µ‘µàÕ
™“«Œ— ß °“√’ ‡  ¡◊ Õ πÀπ÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ™π°≈ÿà ¡
πâÕ¬°≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ë߇∑à“π—Èπ. „π«—π∑’Ë ÒÙ
‡¡…“¬π §Õ™ÿ ∏ ®÷ ß µÕ∫‚µâ ¥â « ¬°“√
ª√–°“»„À⌗߰“√’‡ªìπ‡Õ°√“™·≈–
 ∂“ªπ“µπ‡Õ߇ªì π ç¢â “ À≈«ß-
ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’é (Governor-Presi-
dent) ·Ààߌ—ß°“√’, √«¡∑—Èß„Àâ¡’°“√
∂Õ¥∂Õπ ç√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°∑’Ë∑√¬»é
ÕÕ°®“°√“™∫—≈≈—ß°åÕ’°¥â«¬. Õ¬à“߉√
°Á¥’ §Õ™ÿ∏¬—ß¡‘‰¥âµ—¥ ‘π„®«à“Œ—ß°“√’
§«√ ◊ ∫ ∑Õ¥ ∂“∫— π °…— µ √‘ ¬å µà Õ ‰ª

À√◊ Õ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß°“√ª°§√Õ߇ªì π
 “∏“√≥√—∞π‘¬¡Õ¬à“߇µÁ¡µ—«.
§Õ™ÿ∏À«—ß«à“°“√ª√–°“»‡Õ°√“™
¢Õߌ—ß°“√’§ß®–‰¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ
®“°ª√–‡∑»¡À“Õ”π“®Õ◊ËπÊ, ·µàº‘¥
À«—߇π◊ËÕß®“°„π¢≥–π—Èπª√–∏“π“-
∏‘∫¥’À≈ÿ¬ å ‚∫π“√å∫“√åµ [µàÕ¡“‰¥â√—∫
 ∂“ªπ“‡ªìπ®—°√æ√√¥‘π‚ª‡≈’¬π∑’Ë Û
(§.». Ò¯ıÚ-Ò¯˜)] ·Ààß “∏“√≥√—∞
Ω√—Ë߇» ∑’Ë Ú °”≈—ßÀ¡°¡ÿàπ°—∫‡Àµÿ
°“√≥å«ÿà𫓬¿“¬„π·≈–°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ
‰À«‡√’¬°√âÕßÕ”π“®Õ∏‘ª‰µ¬„π§“∫
 ¡ÿ∑√Õ‘µ“≈’.  à«πÕ—ß°ƒ… ª√— ‡´’¬
·≈–√—   ‡´’ ¬ µà “ ß¡’ ‡ Àµÿ º ≈∑’Ë   π— ∫  πÿ π
°“√¥”√ßÕ¬Ÿà·≈–¡’Õ”π“®¢Õß√“™«ß»å
Œ—∫ ∫Ÿ√°å . ¥—ßπ—πÈ „π«—π∑’Ë Ò æƒ…¿“§¡
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬®÷ßµ—¥ ‘π„®¢Õ§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ
‰ª¬—ß´“√å𑂧≈— ∑’Ë Ò (§.». Ò¯Úı-
Ò¯ıı) ·Ààß®—°√«√√¥‘√— ‡´’¬„Àâ àß
°Õß∑— æ ¡“™à « ¬ª√“∫ª√“¡°∫Ø„π
Œ—ß°“√’.
„π°≈“߇¥◊Õπ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π °Õß∑—æ
√— ‡´’¬‰¥â‡§≈◊ËÕπæ≈®”π«π Ú,
§π®“°‚ª·≈π¥å · ≈–√“™√— ∞ ¥“πŸ ∫
(Danubian Principalities §◊ Õ
¡Õ≈‡¥‡«’¬, ‚√¡“‡π’¬ ·≈–«—≈‡≈‡§’¬)
‡¢â“ ¡∑∫°—∫∑À“√ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬®”π«π
Ò˜ı, §π. ‡æ◊ËÕµàÕ Ÿâ°—∫°Õß∑—æ
Œ—ß°“√’∑’Ë¡’°”≈—ß‡æ’¬ß Ò˜, §π.
°Õß∑— æ Œ— ß °“√’ ‡ ªì π ΩÉ “ ¬‡æ≈’Ë ¬ ßæ≈È”
·≈–‰¡à   “¡“√∂ °— ¥ °—È π °Õß∑— æ ¢Õß
√— ‡´’¬·≈–ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬∑’Ë√«¡µ—«°—π·≈–
¡’»—°¬¿“æ Ÿß°«à“‰¥â. „π∑’Ë ÿ¥ §Õ™ÿ∏,
 ¡“™‘°√—∞ ¿“·≈–‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë√–¥—∫ Ÿß
µâ Õ ßÕæ¬æÕÕ°®“°°√ÿ ß ∫Ÿ ¥ “‡ª µå
‡ªìπ§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú ‰ªµ—Èß¡—Ëπ∑’ˇ¡◊Õ߇´‡°¥
Õπ—πµå™—¬ ‡≈“À–æ—π∏ÿ
(Szeged) ·≈–Õ“√“¥ (Arad) µ“¡
≈”¥—∫. §Õ™ÿ∏欓¬“¡°Õ∫°Ÿâ ∂“π-
°“√≥å∑’ˇ≈«√⓬ ‚¥¬°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡
 “¡— § §’ · ≈–°“√ºπ÷ ° °”≈— ß ¢Õß™π
°≈ÿ¡à πâÕ¬„πŒ—ß°“√’‡æ◊ÕË µàÕµâ“π°Õß∑—æ
√— ‡´’¬·≈–ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬ ·µà‰¡àª√– ∫
§«“¡ ”‡√Á®. „π«—π∑’Ë ÒÒ  ‘ßÀ“§¡
‡¢“®÷ ß ≈“ÕÕ°®“°µ”·Àπà ß ¢â “ À≈«ß
ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’·≈–·µàßµ—Èß„À⇰Õ√剰
´÷Ëߢ≥–π—Èπ‰¡à≈ß√Õ¬°—∫‡¢“‡ªìπºŸâπ”.
Õ’° Ú «—πµàÕ¡“°Õß∑—挗߰“√’°Áæà“¬
·æâÕ¬à“ß√“∫§“∫µàÕ°Õß∑—æ√— ‡´’¬„π
°“√√∫∑’Ë ‡ ¡◊ Õ ß«‘ ≈ “°Õ  (Vilagos)
„°≈⇡◊ÕßÕ“√“¥. ‡°Õ√剰ª√–°“»
¬Õ¡·æâ ¡’∑À“√Œ—ß°“√’‡ ’¬™’«‘µ°«à“
ı, §π ´÷Ë߇ªìπ®”π«πæÕÊ °—∫
°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬¢Õß°Õß∑—æÕÕ ‡µ√’¬.  à«π
∑À“√√— ‡´’¬‡ ’¬™’«‘µ„π π“¡√∫‡æ’¬ß
ıÙÛ §π ·µà®”π«π ÒÒ,Ú¯ §π
µ“¬¥â«¬ÕÀ‘«“µ°‚√§¯. §Õ™ÿ∏æ√âÕ¡
∑À“√®”π«πÀ≈“¬æ—π§π “¡“√∂Àπ’
¢â“¡æ√¡·¥π‰ª¬—ßµÿ√°’‰¥â„π«—π∑’Ë Ò˜
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜
π“¬æ≈ ÒÛ §π ·Ààß°Õß°”≈—ߪÑÕß°—πªîµÿ¿Ÿ¡‘ ∑’Ë∫—≠™“°“√√∫∑’ˇ¡◊ÕßÕ“√“¥ ∂Ÿ°ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬ —Ëߪ√–À“√™’«‘µ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
ˆÙı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
 ‘ßÀ“§¡ ·µà‡¢“°Á¬ß— §ß‡√’¬°√âÕß„À♓«
Œ—ß°“√’µàÕ ŸâµàÕ‰ª ∑—Èߪ√–≥“¡‡°Õ√剰
∑’ˬա·æâ«à“‡ªìπºŸâ∑√¬»™“µ‘.  à«πºŸâ
∑’Ë∂Ÿ°∑À“√ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬®—∫µ—«‡ªìπ‡™≈¬
‰¥â°Á∂Ÿ°¶à“Õ¬à“ß∑“√ÿ≥ ‚¥¬∂Ÿ°·¢«π
§Õ ¬‘ ß ∑‘È ß ·≈–‡¶’Ë ¬ π®πµ“¬Õ¬à “ ß
‡ÕπÁ®Õπ“∂. °“√√∫√–À«à“ß°Õß°”≈—ß
Œ—ß°“√’„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§µà“ßÊ °—∫°Õß∑—æ
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬°Á¥”‡π‘πµàÕ‰ªÕ’° ˆ  —ª¥“Àå
®π°√–∑—Ë ß Œ— ß °“√’   “¡“√∂‡®√®“¢Õ
 ß∫»÷°‰¥â„πµâπ‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡ §.».
Ò¯Ù˘.
π—∫·µàπ—Èπ‡ªìπµâπ¡“ §Õ™ÿ∏‰¥â„™â
™’«‘µ∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ≈’È¿—¬„πµà“ߪ√–‡∑»‡ªìπ
‡«≈“ Ùı ªï. ‡¢“‡¥‘π∑“߉ª¬—ß À√—∞-
Õ‡¡√‘°“·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ…‡æ◊ËÕ‡√’¬°√âÕß·≈–
À“‡ ’ ¬ ß π— ∫  πÿ π „Àâ Œ— ß °“√’ ‰ ¥â √— ∫
‡Õ°√“™®“°°“√ª°§√ÕߢÕßÕÕ ‡µ√’¬.
·¡âª√–™“™π®”π«π¡“°®–‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬
°—∫¢âÕ‡√’¬°√âÕߢÕߧՙÿ∏ ·µà°Á‰¡à¡’
º≈∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑», ´÷Ëß
 √â “ ߧ«“¡º‘ ¥ À«— ß „Àâ · °à ‡ ¢“‡ªì π Õ— π
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
¡“°. µàÕ¡“‡¢“‰¥âµàÕµâ“πæ√–√“™-
∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ § «“¡µ°≈ߪ√–π’ ª √–πÕ¡
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬-Œ—ß°“√’ (Act of Compro-
mise) À√◊Õ‡Õ“ ‰°≈§å (Ausgleich)
√–À«à“ß√“™Õ“≥“®—°√∑—Èß Õß„π §.».
Ò¯ˆ˜, ‚¥¬∑—Èß Ú ª√–‡∑»µ°≈ß √â“ß
√–∫Õ∫√“™“∏‘ª‰µ¬§Ÿà (Dual Monar-
chy) ¢÷Èπ, ¬°∞“π–Œ—ß°“√’‡ªìπ√“™-
Õ“≥“®—°√Õ‘ √–„π√–¥—∫Àπ÷Ëß·≈–µà“ß
¡’ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ∑’Ë · ¬°®“°°— π . ‚¥¬
À≈—°°“√π’È ®—°√æ√√¥‘ø√“π´‘  ‚®‡´ø
∑√ߥ”√ßæ√–Õ‘ √‘¬¬»®—°√æ√√¥‘·Ààß
ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬·≈–°…—µ√‘¬å·Ààߌ—ß°“√’ ∑’Ë
¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë∫√‘À“√ª√–‡∑»‚¥¬§”π÷ß∂÷ß
ªí≠À“·≈–º≈ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
π—ÈπÊ. ·µà√—∞∫“≈®—°√«√√¥‘¬—ߧߡ’
Õ”π“®„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°Õß∑—æ π‚¬∫“¬
°“√§≈— ß ·≈–°“√µà “ ߪ√–‡∑»¢Õß
Œ—ß°“√’Õ¬Ÿà. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ·¡â§Õ™ÿ∏®–‰¥â√—∫
π‘√‚∑…°√√¡„πªïπ—Èπ·≈– “¡“√∂‡¥‘π
∑“ß°≈—∫Œ—ß°“√’‰¥â ·µà‡¢“°Á· ¥ß§«“¡
‰¡àæÕ„®„πæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘¥—ß°≈à“«∑’Ë
¬—ß„ÀâÕ”π“®·°àÕÕ ‡µ√’¬„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡
Œ—ß°“√’ ·≈–µ—¥ ‘π„®„™â™’«‘µ≈’È¿—¬„π
µà“ß·¥πµàÕ‰ª. §Õ™ÿ∏∫—π∑÷°§«“¡
∑√ß®”·≈–‡√’ ¬ ∫‡√’ ¬ ߇ªì π Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ
Õ—µ™’«ª√–«—µ‘™◊ËÕ Memories of My
Exile ´÷Ë ß æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ º¬·æ√à ‡ ªì π ¿“…“
Õ—ß°ƒ…„π §.». Ò¯¯.
 à«π„π¥â“π¢ÕßÕÕ ‡µ√’¬ ®—°√-
æ√√¥‘ø√“π´‘  ‚®‡´ø°Á‰¡à∑√ß¡’§«“¡
®√‘ßæ√–∑—¬∑’Ë®–æ√–√“™∑“πÕ¿—¬‚∑…
·°à§Õ™ÿ∏. „π §.». Ò¯˜˘ æ√–Õߧå
∑√ß„™âÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈„Àâ√—∞ ¿“Œ—ß°“√’ÕÕ°
æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ „ Àâ æ ≈‡¡◊ Õ ßŒ— ß °“√’ ∑’Ë
Õ“»—¬Õ¬ŸàπÕ°æ√–√“™Õ“≥“®—°√µâÕß
µàÕÕ“¬ÿæ≈‡¡◊Õß∑ÿ°Ê Ò ªï. æ√–
√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘©∫—∫π’ȇªìπ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—°°—πµàÕ¡“
«à“°ÆÀ¡“¬§Õ™ÿ∏ (Lex Kossuth)ı(d)
·≈–¡’º≈„Àâ§Õ™ÿ∏µâÕß Ÿ≠‡ ’¬ ∂“π-
¿“ææ≈‡¡◊ Õ ß¢Õߌ— ß °“√’ „ π∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ .
∑—Èßπ’ȇæ√“–‚¥¬§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß·≈â« ‡ªìπ
‡√◊ÕË ß∑’‡Ë ªìπ‰ª‰¡à‰¥â∑®Ë’ –„Àâ§Õ™ÿ∏®–‡¥‘π
‡¢â“  ∂“π‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑ŸµÀ√◊Õ ∂“π
°ß ÿ ≈ ÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ -Œ— ß °“√’ ∑’Ë µ °·µà ß
ª√–¥—∫ª√–¥“¥â«¬∏ß™“µ‘ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬·≈–
æ√–∫√¡©“¬“≈—°…≥å¢Õß®—°√æ√√¥‘
ø√“π´‘  ‚®‡´ø‡æ◊ÕË ¢ÕµàÕÕ“¬ÿæ≈‡¡◊Õß
Œ—ß°“√’, Õ’°∑—È߬—ßµâÕß„Àâ —µ¬åªØ‘≠“≥
µàÕ®—°√æ√√¥‘ø√“π´‘  ‚®‡´ø∑’ˇ¢“
µàÕµâ“πÕ’°¥â«¬. ¥—ßπ—πÈ „π §.». Ò¯˘
§Õ™ÿ ∏ ®÷ ß  Ÿ ≠ ‡ ’ ¬  ∂“π¿“ææ≈‡¡◊ Õ ß
Œ—ß°“√’µ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬§Õ™ÿ∏©∫—∫π’È.
 à«π°“√ºŸ°æ—π°—∫ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬„π
°“√¥”‡π‘ππ‚¬∫“¬°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯
®—°√æ√√¥‘ø√“π´‘  ‚®‡´ø (§.». Ò¯Ù¯-Ò˘Òˆ)
≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ π—°™“µ‘π‘¬¡Œ—ß°“√’ °—∫°“√µàÕµâ“π√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°
ˆÙˆ
√à«¡°—π‰¥âπ”Œ—ß°“√’‰ª Ÿàªí≠À“§«“¡
¢—¥·¬âß∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»
·≈–π”¿—¬«‘∫µ— ¡‘ “ ŸŒà ß— °“√’µ“¡∑’§Ë Õ™ÿ∏
‡§¬æ¬“°√≥å · ≈–µ—È ß ¢â Õ  — ß ‡°µ‰«â „ π
箥À¡“¬§“ ·´π¥√“é (Cassandra
letter §.». Ò¯ˆı) «à“Œ—ß°“√’§«√®–
µâ Õ ß·¬°µ— « ‡ªì π Õ‘   √–®“°ÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬
Õ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥åÛ(b)  π∏‘ —≠≠“æ—π∏-
‰¡µ√’∑«‘¿“§’ §.». Ò¯˜˘ (Dual
Alliance 1879) √–À«à“ß®—°√«√√¥‘
ÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ -Œ— ß °“√’ °— ∫ ®— ° √«√√¥‘
‡¬Õ√¡—π‰¥â‡ªìπ®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¢Õß°“√·∫àß
§à“¬¢Õß¡À“Õ”π“®¬ÿ‚√ª, ·≈–∑”„Àâ
¡À“Õ”π“®Õ◊ËπÕ—π‰¥â·°àΩ√—Ë߇» ·≈–
√— ‡´’¬§‘¥®—¥µ—Èß π∏‘ —≠≠“æ—π∏‰¡µ√’
„π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π§◊Õ π∏‘ ≠ — ≠“æ—π∏-
‰¡µ√’∑«‘¿“§’ §.». Ò¯˘Ù (Dual Al-
liance 1894), ´÷ßË µàÕ¡“„π §.». Ò˘˜
‰¥â¢¬“¬µ—«‡ªì𧫓¡µ°≈߉µ√¿“§’
(Triple Entente) ‚¥¬¡’Õ—ß°ƒ…‡¢â“
√à«¡‡ªìπæ—π∏¡‘µ√¥â«¬. °“√·∫àß§à“¬
·≈–°“√ √â“ß ¡“π©—π∑åÕ—π·π∫·πàπ
√–À«à“ßÕÕ ‡µ√’¬-Œ—ß°“√’°—∫‡¬Õ√¡π’
∑”„Àâ Õ Õ ‡µ√’ ¬ ¥”‡π‘ π π‚¬∫“¬∑“ß
°“√∑ŸµÕ¬à“ߌ÷°‡À‘¡, ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡¡◊ËÕ
‡°‘¥‡Àµÿ°“√≥å°“√≈Õ∫ª≈ßæ√–™π¡å
Õ“√噥ÿä° ø√“π´‘  ‡øÕ√契π“π¥å √—™-
∑“¬“∑®— ° √«√√¥‘ Õ Õ ‡µ√’ ¬ -Œ— ß °“√’
‚¥¬™“«‡´‘√å∫™“µ‘π‘¬¡À—«√ÿπ·√ß ≥
‡¡◊Õß´“√“‡¬‚« (Sarajevo) „π∫Õ ‡π’¬
(Bosnia) „π §.». Ò˘ÒÙ ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬
´÷Ëß¡—Ëπ„®„π√–∫∫æ—π∏¡‘µ√¢Õßµπ®÷ß
¬°‡Õ“«‘°ƒµ°“√≥套߰≈à“«π’ȇªìπ¢âÕ
Õâ“߇æ◊ÕË ‡¢â“ª√“∫ª√“¡°“√‡§≈◊ÕË π‰À«
¢Õßæ«° ≈“ø„π‡´Õ√å‡∫’¬∑’ Ë π—∫ πÿπ
¢∫«π°“√™“µ‘π‘¬¡ ≈“ø„π®—°√«√√¥‘

ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬-Œ—ß°“√’, Õ—π‡ªìπ™π«π¢Õß
 ß§√“¡‚≈°§√—ßÈ ∑’Ë Ò ·≈–¥÷߇ՓŒ—ß°“√’
‡¢â “  Ÿà   ߧ√“¡√à « ¡°— ∫ ΩÉ “ ¬ÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬
·≈–‡¬Õ√¡π’¥«â ¬.
 ß§√“¡‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Ò  ‘Èπ ÿ¥≈ß
¥â « ¬§«“¡ª√“™— ¬ ¢ÕßÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ -
Œ—ß°“√’·≈–æ—π∏¡‘µ√´÷ßË µâÕ߬‘π¬Õ¡∑”
 π∏‘ —≠≠“ ß∫»÷°°—∫ΩÉ“¬ —¡æ—π∏-
¡‘µ√‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ÒÒ æƒ»®‘°“¬π §.».
Ò˘Ò¯. „π«—π‡¥’¬«°—ππ’È ®—°√æ√√¥‘
™“≈ å (§.» Ò˘Òˆ-Ò˘Ò¯) ´÷Ëß∑√ß
 ◊∫√“™ ¡∫—µµ‘ Õà ®“°®—°√æ√√¥‘ø√“π-
´‘  ‚®‡´ø∑’Ë «√√§µ¥â«¬‚√§™√“„π
§.». Ò˘Òˆ °Á∑√ß ≈–æ√–√“™Õ”π“®
„πÕÕ ‡µ√’¬, Õ’° Ú «—πµàÕ¡“„πŒ—ß°“√’,
®÷ßπ—∫‡ªìπ ‘Èπ ÿ¥Õ”π“®¢Õß√“™«ß»å
Œ— ∫  ∫Ÿ √å ° ∑’Ë ª °§√Õߌ— ß °“√’ ¡ “µ—È ß ·µà
ª≈“¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˜. „π«—π∑’Ë
Òˆ 惻®‘°“¬π Œ—ß°“√’‰¥âª√–°“»
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß√–∫Õ∫°“√ª°§√Õ߇ªìπ
 “∏“√≥√— ∞ ·≈–‡√’ ¬ °™◊Ë Õ ª√–‡∑»«à “
 “∏“√≥√— ∞ ª√–™“∏‘ ª ‰µ¬Œ— ß °“√’
(Hungarian Democratic Republic).
µàÕ¡“ „π §.». Ò˘ÚÒ ®—°√æ√√¥‘™“≈ å
∑√߇¥‘π∑“ß≈Õ∫‡¢â“Œ—ß°“√’ Ú §√—Èß„π
‡¥◊ Õ π¡’ π “§¡·≈–‡¥◊ Õ πµÿ ≈ “§¡‡æ◊Ë Õ
øóô π øŸ √ –∫Õ∫°…— µ √‘ ¬å · ≈–æ√–√“™-
Õ”π“®¢Õß√“™«ß»å Œ— ∫  ∫Ÿ √å ° ¢÷È π ¡“
„À¡à „ πŒ— ß °“√’ ·µà § «“¡æ¬“¬“¡
¢Õßæ√–Õߧå°Á‰¡àª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®.
ΩÉ“¬¡À“Õ”π“® —¡æ—π∏¡‘µ√‰¥â≈ß‚∑…
æ√–Õß§å ¥â « ¬°“√‡π√‡∑»‰ª‡°“–
¡“‡¥√“ (Madeira) ∑“ßΩíòßµ–«—πµ°
¢Õß∑«’ª·Õø√‘°“. æ√–Õߧ几¥Á®
 «√√§µ¥â«¬æ√–‚√§ªí∫º“ –∫«¡∑’Ë
‡°“–π’È„π §.». Ò˘ÚÚ. °“√ «√√§µ
Õπ—πµå™—¬ ‡≈“À–æ—π∏ÿ
¢Õßæ√–Õߧå®÷߇ªìπ°“√¥—∫§«“¡Ωíπ
¢Õßæ«°°…— µ √‘ ¬å π‘ ¬ ¡„πŒ— ß °“√’ ∑’Ë
µâÕß°“√„Àâ√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°°≈—∫¡“¡’
Õ”π“®Õ’°, π—∫‡ªìπ™—¬™π–¢ÕߺŸâ∑’Ë
‡≈◊ÕË ¡„ „πÕÿ¥¡°“√≥å¢Õߧՙÿ∏∑’®Ë –„Àâ
Œ—ß°“√’‡ªìπÕ‘ √–®“°√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°
µ≈Õ¥‰ª.
§Õ™ÿ∏∂÷ß·°àÕπ‘®°√√¡ ≥ ‡¡◊Õß
µŸ√‘π (Turin) „πª√–‡∑»Õ‘µ“≈’ ‡¡◊ËÕ
«—π∑’Ë Ú ¡’π“§¡ §.». Ò¯˘Ù ¢≥–
Õ“¬ÿ‰¥â ˘Ú ªï. ‡¢“‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°¬àÕß
‡ªìπ√—∞∫ÿ√ÿ…§π ”§—≠¢Õߌ—ß°“√’. √à“ß
¢Õߧՙÿ∏‰¥â∂Ÿ°π”°≈—∫Œ—ß°“√’·≈–Ωíß
Õ¬à “ ß ¡‡°’ ¬ √µ‘ ≥ °√ÿ ß ∫Ÿ ¥ “‡ª µå
∑à“¡°≈“ߺŸâ‡¢â“√à«¡æ‘∏’®”π«ππ—∫≈â“π
§π. ·¡â«à“®—°√æ√√¥‘ø√“π´‘  ‚®‡´ø
®–¡‘ ‰ ¥â ∑ √ߧ— ¥ §â “ πÀ√◊ Õ ∑√ßµà Õ µâ “ π
°“√°√–∑”¥—ß°≈à“« ·µàæ√–Õߧå°Á∑√ß
¡’ æ √–√“™¥”√‘ „ Àâ √— ∞ ∫“≈·≈–√— ∞  ¿“
Œ— ß °“√’ ‡ æ‘ ° ‡©¬·≈–‰¡à „ Àâ ®— ¥ ß“πæ‘ ∏’
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘
§Õ™ÿ∏ «’√∫ÿ√ÿ…„𠓬µ“¢Õßæ«°‡ √’π‘¬¡ ‰¥â√—∫°“√µâÕπ√—∫∑’ˇ¡◊Õ߇ “·∏¡ªáµ—π ª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ…
ˆÙ˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
µà“ßÊ Õ¬à“߇ªìπ∑“ß°“√, ‚¥¬Õâ“ß«à“
‡æ◊ÕË À≈’°‡≈’¬Ë ß°“√™ÿ¡πÿ¡¢Õߪ√–™“™π
∑’ÕË “®°àÕµ—«‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å®≈“®≈‰¥âı(e).
§«“¡π‘¬¡¬°¬àÕߧՙÿ∏¬—ߺ≈„Àâ
‡°‘ ¥ ≈— ∑ ∏‘ ° “√∫Ÿ ™ “§Õ™ÿ ∏ (Kossuth
Cult) ¢÷Èπ„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“ ·≈–≈—∑∏‘¥—ß
°≈à“«°Á¬—ߧߡ’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ™“«Œ—ß°“√’
®π∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π. π§√µà“ßÊ „πŒ—ß°“√’
√«¡∑—ßÈ °√ÿß∫Ÿ¥“‡ª µåµ“à ߬°¬àÕߧՙÿ∏
„À⇪ìπ çæ≈‡¡◊Õß°‘µµ‘¡»—°¥‘Ïé ¢Õß
ª√–‡∑», ‡æ√“–‡¢“‡ªìπ·¡à·∫∫¢Õß
π—°µàÕ Ÿâ™“µ‘π‘¬¡™“«Œ—ß°“√’∑’ˇªìπ·√ß
∫—π¥“≈„®„π°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«µàÕ Ÿâ‡æ◊ËÕ
‡Õ°√“™¢Õߌ—ß°“√’∑ÿ°¬ÿ§ ¡—¬. ‡√◊ËÕß
√“«°“√µà Õ  Ÿâ ¢ Õ߇¢“®÷ ß °≈“¬‡ªì π
µ”π“π‡≈à“¢“π∂÷ߧ«“¡√—°™“µ‘∑’˙૬
À≈àÕÀ≈Õ¡®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥¢Õß™“«Œ—ß°“√’
∑ÿ°‡æ»∑ÿ°«—¬„À⇪ìπÕ—πÀπ÷ËßÕ—π‡¥’¬«
°—π.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß Kossuth and the Hungarians 1848- ‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß (‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡)

Ò. Halász Z. A short history of Hun-
gary. Hungary: Carvina Press; 1975.
p. 60(a), 119-22(b).
Ú. Barta I, et al. A history of Hungary.
In: Pamlenyi E, editor. Hungary:
Corvina Press; 1973. p. 169.
Û. Levy MF, trans. revised. A brief his-
tory of Hungary. 4th ed, Hungary:
Corvina Press; 1973. p. 26(a), 32(b).
Ù. Sugar PF. A history of Hungary.
Bloomington and Indianapolis:
Indiana Univ Press; 1994. p. 156-9.
ı. Deák I. The lawful revolution : Louis
1849. London: Phoenix Press; 2001.
p. 29-31(a), 66-68(b), 249-52(c),
350 (d).
ˆ. Craig A. Europe 1815-1914. Lon-
don: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
Inc.; 1966. p. 135-6.
˜. Molnár M. A concise history of
Hungary. Translated by Magyar A.
U.K.: Cambridge Univ Press; 2001.
p. 186(a), 189(b).
¯. Sugar PE. A history of Hungary. p.
231-4.
Ò.  “√“πÿ°√¡ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å ¡—¬„À¡à : ¬ÿ‚√ª
‡≈à ¡ Ò Õ— ° …√ A-B. æ‘ ¡ æå § √—È ß ∑’Ë Ú.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ: √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π; ÚıÙÚ.
Ú.  “√“πÿ ° √¡ª√–«— µ‘ » “ µ√å   ¡— ¬ „À¡à :
¬ÿ‚√ª‡≈à¡ Ú Õ—°…√ C-D. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú.
°√ÿ߇∑æ œ: √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π; ÚıÙÙ.
Û.  “√“πÿ ° √¡ª√–«— µ‘ » “ µ√å   ¡— ¬ „À¡à :
¬ÿ‚√ª‡≈à¡ Û Õ—°…√ E-G. °√ÿ߇∑æœ:
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π; ÚıÙÛ.
Ù. Stuart M. Mastering modern Euro-
pean history. 2nd ed. Hong Kong:
Macmillan Press; 1997.

Abstract Lajos Kossuth, the Hungarian Nationalist and the Struggle against the Habsburgs’ Rule
Anantjai Lauhabandhu
Department of History, Faculty of Arts, Silpakorn University, Thailand
The article is concerned with the struggle of Hungary against the Habsburgs’ rule. Their rela-
tionship started in the late Middle Ages. The Habsburgs were unable to establish their absolute
authority in Hungary until the reign of Emperor Leopold I (1658-1705) of the Holy Roman Empire.
At the same time, the House of Habsburg was granted the hereditary right to rule while the Hungar-
ian magnates gave up their rights in the Golden Bull of 1222 to prevent any succession to the throne
and all illegal acts of the king.
Later, the Habsburg Emperer wielded absolute power in ruling the country, which resulted in
resistance among the intelligentsia and the young generation. When the Revolutions of 1848 erupted,
Lajos Kossuth took the opporfunity to demand independence for Hungary. The situation led to the
struggle between the Magyars and the Imperial forces. Kossuth was forced to seek asylum. In spite
of the Compromise of 1867, Kossuth continued his fight for full independence and refused to bow
down to the Habsburg Emperor. The struggle became an ideal for Hungarian nationalists in every
age and era.
Keywords : Habsburgs, Lajos Kossuth, revolution

≈“¬Õ™ §Õ™ÿ∏ π—°™“µ‘π‘¬¡Œ—ß°“√’ °—∫°“√µàÕµâ“π√“™«ß»åŒ—∫ ∫Ÿ√å°

ˆÙ¯
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

«‘∏’‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬π¡„À⇪ìπ∏ÿ√°‘®* ¡≥’«√√≥ °¡≈æ—≤π–

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

‰∑¬„À⇪ì𧫓¬π¡∏ÿ√°‘®. µ—«Õ¬à“ß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπª√–‡∑»‡¢µ¡√ ÿ¡ ‡ªìπÕŸ¢à “â «ÕŸπà ”È ∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡Õÿ¥¡
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¡“°·ÀàßÀπ÷ËߢÕß‚≈°. §«“¬‡ªìπ —µ«å§Ÿà°—∫«—≤π∏√√¡¢â“« ´÷Ëß
∏ÿ√°‘®§«“¬π¡„πª√–‡∑»Õ‘µ“≈’ πà“®–
‡ªìπ«‘∂’™’«‘µ·≈–§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß„𮑵„®™“«‰∑¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–™“«π“. °“√ ‡ªìπ§√√≈Õß∑’Ëπà“»÷°…“¡“°°«à“∏ÿ√°‘®
®—¥µ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ °Á‡æ√“–ª√– ß§å®– ◊∫ “πµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ç«—≤π- §«“¬π¡„πª√–‡∑»Õ‘π‡¥’¬ ‡æ√“–¡’
∏√√¡¢â“«é ·≈–æ—≤𓧫“¬„À⇪ìπ —µ«å‡»√…∞°‘®∑’Ë™“«π“ “¡“√∂ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’‡π¬·¢Áß ·≈–°“√®—¥√–∫∫
°”Àπ¥√“§“. „π¿“«–‡»√…∞°‘®‚≈°∑’ˉ¥âæ—≤π“¡“®π∂÷߇«≈“π’Ȭà“ß ß“π∑’Ëπà“ π„®¡“°°«à“. ª√–‡¥Áπ·≈–
‡¢â“»µ«√√…∑’Ë ÚÒ. πÕ°®“°π’È §«“¬‡ªìπ —µ«å‡»√…∞°‘®∑’™Ë “«π“ “¡“√∂
°”Àπ¥√“§“ ·≈–®√√‚≈߇ √‘¡ √â“߇»√…∞°‘®™π∫∑„À⬗Ë߬◊π, §«“¬
§”∂“¡ºÿ ¥ ¢÷È π ¡“„π¡‚π∑— » πå ¢ ÕߺâŸ
‰∑¬¬—ß¡’»—°¬¿“æ∑’Ë®–æ—≤π“ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªì𧫓¬π¡ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°  π„®°‘®°“√¥â“ππ’È ®÷ߪ√“°Ø¢÷Èπ¥—ßπ’È
π¡§«“¬¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ Ÿß∑’Ë®–º≈‘µ‡π¬·¢Áß¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∏ÿ√°‘®∑” Ò. ∏ÿ√°‘®§«“¬‰∑¬ ®–¡’™Õà ß∑“ß
‡π¬·¢Áß∑’Ë®”‡ªìπµâÕß≈ßµâπ∑ÿπ·≈–∑”°”‰√ Ÿß„Àâ·°à™“«π“·≈–ºŸâ‡≈’È¬ß ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ„À⇪ìπ∏ÿ√°‘®§«“¬π¡‰¥â
§«“¬. ‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬®÷߇ªìπ ∂“π∑’ˇ擖∫à¡°“√ºπ÷°º “π¿Ÿ¡‘ Õ¬à“߉√.
ªí≠≠“‰∑¬‡√◊ËÕ߇≈’Ȭߧ«“¬„À⇢⓰—∫‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·ºπ„À¡à„π‚≈°∏ÿ√°‘®
∑’Ë®– √â“ß∞“π√“°°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‡ªìπÕÿµ “À°√√¡À≈—° ‡ √‘¡‡§’¬ß
Ú. °“√ª√—∫‡ª≈’Ë¬π§«“¬‰∑¬„Àâ
¢â“ß°“√‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬∑’ Ë ∫◊  “π«—≤π∏√√¡¢â“«. ∑—ßÈ π’È  √ÿª‰¥â«“à °“√»÷°…“ ‡ªì𧫓¬π¡®–„™â«‘∏’°“√Õ–‰√.
°“√‡»√…∞°‘® ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ —ß§¡ ®–‡ªìπ Û „π Ò ‡¥’¬«∑’®Ë –°àÕ°”‡π‘¥ Û. °‘®°“√§«“¬π¡®–µ—ÈßÀ≈—°‰¥â
¢÷Èπ„π‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬. ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß„™â ‡ «≈“ ·≈–°“√≈ß∑ÿ π ,
§” ”§—≠ : «‘∏’‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬π¡, Õÿµ “À°√√¡§«“¬, ‚√߇√’¬π √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˇÀ¡“–°—∫§π‰∑¬ ®–‡ªìπ
‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ ‡«≈“π“π‡∑à“„¥.
Ù. °“√‡√’ ¬ π√⟠¢ Õߺ⟠‡ ≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬
‰∑¬‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¬π¡®–§àÕ¬‡ªìπ§àÕ¬‰ª
∫∑π” ‡ªì𧫓¬π¡ ‡ªìπ∑’¡Ë “¢Õß∫∑§«“¡π’.È ¥â«¬«‘∏’Õ–‰√ ·≈–π“π —°‡∑à“„¥.
§«“¬‰∑¬ ‡ªì𧫓¬ß“π·≈–‡ªì𠧫“¬ß“π®–∂Ÿ°ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ‡ªìπ ı. π—°≈ß∑ÿπ®–¡’«∏‘ Õ’ ¬à“߉√ ∑“ß
§«“¬‡π◊ÈÕ‰¥âÕ¬à“ߥ’. ™“«π“‰∑¬‡≈’È¬ß §«“¬π¡‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ ®÷߇ªìπ§”∂“¡∑’Ë ‡≈◊Õ°√–À«à“ß«‘∏’π”‡¢â“§«“¬π¡æ√âÕ¡
§«“¬‰«â∑”π“ ‡À≈◊Õ„™âß“π·≈â«∑”‡π◊ÕÈ . µ—Èߢ÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ· «ßÀ“≈àŸ∑“ß·≈–°“√®—¥ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ∑”‡π¬·¢Á ß °— ∫ °“√√Õ§π
ª√–‡¥Áπ°“√¢¬—∫¢¬“¬§«“¬‰∑¬„Àâ ‡µ√’¬¡§«“¡æ√âÕ¡„π°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ ‰∑¬‡√’¬π√⟰àÕπ·≈â«®÷ß≈ß∑ÿπ. §”∂“¡
‡À≈à“π’È≈â«πª√“°Ø¢÷Èπ„π„®ºâŸ π„®®–
*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ú °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å æ.». ÚıÙı ∑”∏ÿ√°‘®¥â“ππ’È∑—Èß ‘Èπ.

¡≥’«√√≥ °¡≈æ—≤π–
ˆÙ˘
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
ˆ. ‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ ®”‡ªìπ
µâÕß≈ß¡◊Õ∑”∑—π∑’ ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß∑“߇≈◊Õ°
„π¢âÕ Ò-ı.
ºâ‡Ÿ ¢’¬π¢Õ𔇠πÕ§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â
„π∞“π‡»√…∞°‘®‰∑¬ªí®®ÿ∫—π (æ.».
ÚıÙı) «à“ ‡√“§«√®– Õπºâ‡Ÿ ≈’¬È ߧ«“¬
¥â«¬ °√–∫«π°“√‡√’¬π√â√Ÿ «à ¡°—π ‚¥¬
ºà“π‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ „À⇢ⓠàŸ√–¥—∫
°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‰∑¬‡ªìπÕÿµ “À°√√¡
°àÕπ, ·≈â«®÷߬°√–¥—∫ “¬‡≈◊Õ¥§«“¬
‰∑¬ „Àâ§Õà ¬Êª√—∫‡ªì𧫓¬π¡‚¥¬„™â
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·ºπ„À¡à‡√‘¡Ë ®“°‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
°“√º ¡‡∑’¬¡, ·≈â«¢¬—∫ Ÿß¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√¬â“¬Ω“°µ—«ÕàÕπ‚¥¬π”
‡¢â“µ—«ÕàÕ𧫓¬π¡ ∑”°“√¬â“¬Ω“°
µ—«ÕàÕ𧫓¬π¡„Àâ°—∫·¡à§«“¬‰∑¬
‡ªì π ·¡à √— ∫ Ω“°∑â Õ ß°Á ® –‰¥â   “¬æ— π ∏åÿ
§«“¬π¡≈Ÿ ° º ¡·≈–§«“¬π¡æ— π ∏åÿ
·∑ⵓ¡≈”¥—∫. ¢—ÈπµÕπ¥—ß°≈à“«π’È„π
¬ÿ‚√ª·≈–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
¥â“ππ’√È Õß√—∫Õ¬àŸ ·≈–§‘¥«à“®–‰¥â√∫— °“√
æ—≤π“‡√Á«¢÷πÈ ¡“°°«à“ªí®®ÿ∫π— .  “‡Àµÿ
‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°‚√§«—«∫Ⓣ¥â√–∫“¥„π«—«
π¡ ∑”„Àâ∏ÿ√°‘®«—«π¡∑’Ë¡’§«“¡æ√âÕ¡
„π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·ºπ„À¡à∑ÿ°Ê ¥â“π‡°‘¥
§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬. ºâŸª√–°Õ∫∏ÿ√°‘®«—«
π¡·≈–ºâŸ ª √–°Õ∫∏ÿ √ °‘ ® °“√æ— ≤ π“
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ ‡√‘Ë¡¡Õß
À“ — µ «å Õ◊Ë π „π “¬æ— π ∏åÿ ∑’Ë „ °≈â ‡ §’ ¬ ß
·≈– “¡“√∂ª√—∫„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¢Õß«—«
π¡‰¥â¥’¡“∑¥·∑π ´÷Ëß “¬æ—π∏åÿ∑’Ë¥’
 “¬æ—π∏ÿåÀπ÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ §«“¬π¡ ‡æ√“–¡’
¢π“¥·≈–°“√ ◊∫æ—π∏åÿ„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π°—∫
«—«π¡¡“°°«à“ —µ«å™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ. „π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ºâŸ‡¢’¬π·≈–§≥–°”≈—ß
«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’‚§≈ππ‘Ëß„π
§«“¬, ´÷Ëß∂â“∑” ”‡√Á®°Á®–‰¥â§«“¬π¡
æ— π ∏åÿ · ∑â ™—È π ‡≈‘ » „π°‘ ® °“√§«“¬π¡
‡¡◊ÕË ø“√塧«“¬π¡∑”°“√‰¥â¡“µ√∞“π
¢—πÈ µâπ·≈â«.
Õπ÷ßË ª√–™“°√§«“¬‰∑¬‰¥â≈¥≈ß
Õ¬à “ ßπà “ °≈— « «à “ ®– Ÿ ≠ æ— π ∏åÿ „ π‰¡à ™â “
À“°‰¡à√’∫µ◊Ëπµ—«¡“‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‰∑¬„Àâ
‡ªìπÕÿµ “À°√√¡‚¥¬µ√ß ·∑π∑’Ë®–
‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬‡æ’ ¬ ß„™â ‡ ªì π  — µ «å · √ßß“π
„™â∑”π“¢â“«‡∑à“π—Èπ ®“°π—Èπ·≈⫇À≈◊Õ
„™â®÷ߢ“¬‡ªì𧫓¬‡π◊ÈÕ. °“√¢¬—∫
¢¬“¬®“°°‘®°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‡æ◊ËÕ∑”π“
‡ªì π À≈— ° Õ¬à “ ß„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ·≈–Õ¥’ µ ∑’Ë
ºà“π‰ª ®”‡ªìπµâÕߺà“π‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭß
§«“¬ ‡æ√“– ∂“π¿“æ∑“ߥâ“π°“√
»÷ ° …“·≈–°“√ √â “ ß™“µ‘ ∫ πæ◊È π ∞“π
‡»√…∞°‘ ® ∑’Ë · ¢à ß ¢— π ‡ √’ ‰¥â ∫à ß ∫Õ°
∑‘»∑“ß°“√ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ∑ÿ°·¢πß«à“
µâÕß¡’°“√‡√’¬π√⟠·≈–„™â§«“¡√⟺π÷°
º “π√–À«à “ ß¿Ÿ ¡‘ ªí ≠ ≠“¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ °— ∫
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·ºπ„À¡à. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ‚√߇√’¬π
‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬§◊ Õ ∑’Ë ∑’Ë ® –‡√’ ¬ π√⟠«‘ ∏’ º π÷ °
º “πÕߧ姫“¡√⟄À¡à „Àâ°àÕ‡°‘¥‡ªìπ
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’‚¥¬§π‰∑¬·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“
‰∑¬.
«‘ ∏’ ª Ø‘ ∫— µ‘ „ π°“√‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬π¡
‚¥¬Õ“»—¬æ◊Èπ∞“𧫓¬‰∑¬ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
·π«ªØ‘∫—µ‘‰¥â„π∫∑§«“¡π’È ºâŸ‡¢’¬π®–
∫√√¬“¬‚¥¬ √ÿª‡ªìπ≈”¥—∫ ˆ À—«¢âÕ
¥—ßπ’È
Ò. ∏ÿ√°‘®§«“¬‰∑¬ ®–¡’™àÕß
ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ„À⇪ìπ∏ÿ√°‘®§«“¬π¡
‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√
§«“¬‰∑¬¢≥–π’È ‡ ªì π ∏ÿ √ °‘ ®
§«“¬ß“π·≈–§«“¬‡π◊ÕÈ ∑’∂Ë Õ◊ ªØ‘∫µ— °‘ π—
Õ¬à“߇ªìπ≈Ë”‡ªìπ —π ·µà¿“«–‡»√…∞°‘®
ˆı
·≈– —ߧ¡∑’ˇª≈’Ë¬π‰ª„π™à«ß Úı ªï
∑’Ë·≈â« ∑”„À⧫“¬‰∑¬≈¥®”π«π≈ß
®“° ˆ-˜ ≈â“πµ—«„πªï ÚıÒ˘ ¡“
‡À≈◊Õ‡æ’¬ß Ò ≈â“πµ—«„πªï ÚıÙÙ.
¿“«–‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡∑’Ë™—°π”„Àâ
§«“¬‡À≈◊Õ‡æ’¬ß Ò ≈â“πµ—« §◊Õ
™“«π“∑”𓇪ìπƒ¥Ÿ°“≈ „™â
‡«≈“Õ¬àŸ °— ∫ π“‡æ’ ¬ ߇©æ“–‡«≈“‰∂
À«à“π·≈–¥” ·≈â«°≈—∫¡“‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«
‡∑à“π—Èπ. ‡«≈“∑’ˇÀ≈◊ÕÕÕ°πÕ°∫â“π‰ª
¢“¬·√ßß“π ‡æ◊ÕË À“√“¬‰¥â„π‡¡◊Õß„À≠à
·≈–„πµà“ߪ√–‡∑». ‡¥Á°‡≈Á°‰ª‡√’¬π
Àπ—ß ◊Õ„π‚√߇√’¬π ·≈–欓¬“¡‡√’¬π
µàÕ„À⠟ߢ÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕÀ«—ß«à“®–¡’Õ“™’æ
 ÿ¢ ∫“¬°«à“°“√∑”π“, ∑‘ßÈ ‰√à𓉫â°∫—
ºâŸ‡≤à“ºâŸ·°à ´÷Ëßπ—∫«—π®–À¡¥‡√’ˬ«·√ß
„π°“√∑”π“ „π∑’Ë ÿ¥°Á¢“¬§«“¬‰¡à
‡≈’Ȭ߰—π. ¥â«¬‡Àµÿ·≈–ªí®®—¬‡™àππ’È
§«“¬®÷ ß ‰ªÕ¬àŸ „ πµ≈“¥π— ¥ «— « §«“¬
‡æ◊ËÕ¢“¬∑”‡π◊ÈÕ‡ªìπÀ≈—°¡“°°«à“°“√
´◊ÈÕÀ“¡“‡æ“–æ—π∏åÿ. æÕ∂÷ßÀπⓉ∂π“
™“«π“°Á®–À“´◊ÈÕ§«“¬‰ª„™â·√ßß“π
§√—Èπ∑”𓇠√Á®°Á¢“¬ÕÕ° àŸµ≈“¥π—¥
Õ’°‡æ√“–‰¡à¡’‡«≈“‡≈’Ȭß.  à«π§√Õ∫
§√—«™“«π“∑’ˉ¥â‡ß‘π®“°‡¡◊Õß„À≠àÀ√◊Õ
µà“ߪ√–‡∑» °Á„™â‡ß‘π®â“ß√∂‰∂·≈–
·√ßß“π‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« Õ—π‡ªì𠓇ÀµÿÀ≈—°
∑’Ë®”π«π§«“¬≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«.
¢≥–π’È æ.». ÚıÙı √“§“
§«“¬ Ÿ ß ¢÷È π ‡ªì π µ— « ≈– Òı, -
Úı, ∫“∑ ™“«π“‡√‘Ë¡¡Õ߇ÀÁπ
 ¿“æ°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬«à“ ®–‡ªìπÕ“™’æ
À≈—°‰¥â. ·µà°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‰∑¬´÷Ëß
‡ªì𧫓¬‡π◊ÈÕ„À⇪ìπÕ“™’æÀ≈—° ¬—ß
¢“¥À≈—°ª√–°—π‡√◊ËÕß√“¬‰¥âª√–®”«—π
∑’˺⟇≈’Ȭ߮–‰¥â®“°§«“¬ ‡æ√“–°“√
«‘∏’‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬π¡„À⇪ìπ∏ÿ√°‘®

‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‡π◊ÈÕ®–„À≥â‡ß‘π ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ
µâÕ߇≈’Ȭ߇ªìπ®”π«πÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ Ò
·¡àæπ— ∏åÿ ´÷ßË ¬—߉¡àª√“°Ø‡ªìπ·∫∫Õ¬à“ß
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª.  à«π„À≠à§π‰∑¬‡≈’Ȭß
§«“¬‰∑¬®”π«π Ú-Ò µ—« ‡∑à“π—Èπ.
°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‚¥¬„Àâ¡’·¡àæ—π∏åÿ Ò
µ— « ‡æ◊Ë Õ  √â “ ß∏ÿ √ °‘ ® §«“¬‰∑¬‡ªì π
§«“¬‡π◊ÕÈ ¬—ß®”‡ªìπµâÕߺà“π°“√‡√’¬π√âŸ
°“√∫√‘ À “√®— ¥ °“√ ·≈–°“√ √â “ ß
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’®“°°“√‡√’¬π√⟄π‚√߇√’¬π
‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬ ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ∑’Ë ∑’Ë ® –∂à “ ¬∑Õ¥
«‘∑¬“°“√ÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπ√Ÿª∏√√¡„πÕ“™’æ
‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‰∑¬„À⇪ìπÕ“™’æÀ≈—°.
‡¡◊Ë Õ ∏ÿ √ °‘ ® §«“¬‰∑¬ª√— ∫
‡ª≈’ˬπ‡¢â“ àŸ∏ÿ√°‘®§«“¬‡π◊ÈÕ‰¥â∫π∞“π
·¡àæ—π∏åÿ Ò ·¡à °Á “¡“√∂®–ª√—∫
‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π‡ªì π ∏ÿ √ °‘ ® §«“¬π¡‰¥â ´÷Ë ß
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¡’Õ¬àŸ·≈â«·≈–æ√âÕ¡„™âÕ¬à“ß
 “°≈‰¥â ·≈–§π‰∑¬·≈–π—°«‘™“°“√
‰∑¬∑”ß“π¥â“ππ’È√Õß√—∫‰«â·≈â«. ·µà
§π‰∑¬∑’Ë ‡ ≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬¬— ß ‰¡à ¡’ ‚ Õ°“  Úı ‡æ√“–≈Ÿ°º ¡∑’Ë¡’‚¶√‚¡‚ ¡‡≈¢
‡√’¬π√⟷≈–π”«‘∑¬“°“√‡À≈à“π’ȉªª√—∫
„™âß“π, µ≈Õ¥®ππ—°≈ß∑ÿπ§π‰∑¬°Á
‰¡à¡’§«“¡√⟥â“ππ’È„π‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¬π¡Õ¬àŸ
‡≈¬ ‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬ ®÷߇ªìπ·À≈àß
»÷°…“‡√◊ËÕ߇À≈à“π’È∑’˧π‰∑¬®–¡“‡√’¬π
√â√Ÿ «à ¡°—π‡æ◊ÕË ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬
„À⇪ìπÕ“™’æ∑’Ë®–æ—≤𓇻√…∞°‘®¢Õß
™π∫∑Õ¬à“߇ªìπÀ≈—°‡ªìπ∞“π.
Ú. °“√ª√—∫‡ª≈’Ë¬π§«“¬‰∑¬
„À⇪ì𧫓¬π¡ ®–„™â«‘∏’°“√Õ–‰√
«‘∏’°“√¢¬“¬æ—π∏åÿ§«“¬π¡ ¡’
Ú ∑“ߧ◊Õ
Ú.Ò °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ§«“¬
‰∑¬„À⇪ì𧫓¬π¡ ‚¥¬§—¥‡≈◊Õ°®“°
æ—π∏ÿ姫“¬‰∑¬∑’Ë®—¥°“√‡≈’ȬߥŸ„Àâ·¢Áß
¡≥’«√√≥ °¡≈æ—≤π–
¢—π¥â«¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’√à«¡¬ÿ§„À¡à ·≈–
§—¥‡©æ“–µ—«∑’Ë¡’π¡¡“° ´÷Ëß°‘®°“√π’È
 “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â · µà „ ™â ‡ «≈“π“π. „π
°√–∫«π°“√§— ¥  “¬æ— π ∏åÿ ¡— ° ®–„™â
‡«≈“Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ Û ªï. µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇÀÁπ
„π¡≥±≈‡ ©«π ª√–‡∑» “∏“√≥√—∞
ª√–™“™π®’ π ™“«π“‰¥â ∑”¡“·≈â «
Ú ªï §—¥‰¥â§«“¬ª≈—°∑’„Ë Àâπ¡∂÷ß«—π≈–
˜-Ò °‘‚≈°√—¡ π—∫«à“¡’ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”π¡
§âÿ¡§à“°—∫°‘®°“√Õÿµ “À°√√¡‡π¬·¢Áß
¥â«¬π¡§«“¬‰¥â.
Ú.Ú °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ§«“¬
π¡‚¥¬„™â∞“π·¡àæ—π∏åÿ§«“¬ª≈—°‰∑¬
°‘®°“√π’∑È ”‰¥â‚¥¬ºà“π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’º ¡
‡∑’¬¡∑’Ë„™âπÈ”‡™◊ÈÕ·™à·¢Áߧ«“¬π¡, ´÷Ëß
®–‰¥â§«“¬π¡æ—π∏åÿº ¡√–À«à“ߧ«“¬
ª≈—°°—∫§«“¬π¡∑’˧—¥‡≈◊Õ° “¬æ—π∏åÿ
‚¥¬§àÕ¬Ê ‡æ‘Ë¡‡≈◊Õ¥§«“¬π¡°Á∑”‰¥â.
·µà∑ÿ°Ê ™à«ß∑’Ë Ù ®–¡’°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬
 “¬æ—π∏åÿ∑’˵âÕߧ—¥∑‘Èߪ√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈–
§’˧◊Õ®”π«π Ù˘ ·∑àß ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°§«“¬
∑’Ë¡’‚¶√‚¡‚ ¡ ı ·∑àß º ¡°—∫§«“¬
ª≈—°∑’Ë¡’‚¶√‚¡‚ ¡ Ù¯ ·∑àß ®–¡’
ªí≠À“§◊Õ º ¡µ‘¥¬“°µâÕߧ—¥∑‘Èß ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–µ— « ºâŸ ® –¡’ § «“¡º‘ ¥ ª√°µ‘ ∑’Ë µ— «
Õ ÿ®.‘
°‘®°“√º ¡¢â“¡æ—π∏åÿ ·≈–§—¥
∑‘Èßµ—«∑’Ë¡’ªí≠À“ ·≈–‡≈◊Õ°‡©æ“–µ—«∑’Ë
¡’§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–„Àâπ¡¡“°·≈–º ¡µ‘¥¥’
®–„™â‡«≈“∑”°“√‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“ Ú-Û
ªï ‡™àπ°—π.
¡’Õ°’ «‘∏À’ π÷ßË ‡√’¬°«à“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
°“√¬â“¬Ω“°µ—«ÕàÕπ ´÷Ëß®–¡’§à“„™â®à“¬
 Ÿß¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬„™â§«“¬ª≈—°‰∑¬‡ªìπ·¡à
√—∫Ω“°∑âÕß. ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’π’È®–‰¥â§«“¬
ˆıÒ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
π¡æ—π∏åÿ·∑â ·µà«à“§à“„™â®à“¬ Ÿß ·≈–
 “¡“√∂µ—ÈßÀ≈—°‰¥â “¬æ—π∏åÿ§«“¬π¡
∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬„π‡«≈“ Ò ªï.
À√◊ Õ Õ“®®–ºà “ π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
‚§≈ππ‘Ëß ´÷Ëß¡’§à“„™â®à“¬ Ÿß¡“°°«à“,
‚¥¬„™â‡´≈≈å√à“ß°“¬®“°§«“¬π¡¡“
º≈‘µµ—«ÕàÕ𠂧≈ππ‘Ëß®“°‰¢à§«“¬π¡
À√◊Õ®“°‰¢à§«“¬ª≈—°°Á‰¥â, ·≈⫬⓬
Ω“°‡¢â“µ—«·¡à√—∫∑’ˇªì𧫓¬‰∑¬ °Á®–
‰¥â ≈Ÿ ° §«“¬π¡æ— π ∏åÿ · ∑â ∑’Ë ¡’   “¬æ— π ∏åÿ
‡≈‘»∑’˧—¥¡“·≈â«π“πªï ‡™à𠧫“¬π¡
®“°Õ‘µ“≈’ “¬æ—π∏åÿ‡¡¥‘‡µÕ√å‡√‡π’¬π
´÷Ëߺà“π°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°¡“·≈â«°«à“ Û
ªï.
Û. °‘®°“√§«“¬π¡®–µ—ÈßÀ≈—°
‰¥â ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß„™â ‡ «≈“·≈–°“√
≈ß∑ÿπ; √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˇÀ¡“–°—∫§π
‰∑¬ ®–‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π‡∑à“„¥
¥—ß∑’ˉ¥â‡¢’¬π‰«â„π¢âÕ Ú §π
‰∑¬„π∑ÿ°√–¥—∫¡’ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–‡≈◊Õ°«‘∏’∑’Ë
Ú.Ò ·≈– Ú.Ú „π√–¥—∫‡ß‘π∑ÿπ∑’ˬ‘π¥’
®–≈ß∑ÿπ‰¥âµ“à ß√–¥—∫°—π. ·µà∑·’Ë πàπÕπ
∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡¡◊ËÕ≈ß∑ÿπ·≈–≈ß¡◊ժؑ∫—µ‘·≈â«
®”‡ªìπµâÕß ◊∫ “πµàÕ‡π◊ËÕßÕ¬à“ß¡’°“√
æ—≤π“¥â«¬Õߧ姫“¡√âŸ∑’Ë √â“ß √√§å¢÷Èπ
¡“. „π√–À«à“ߥ”‡π‘π°“√µâÕ߬“«π“π
Ú-Û ªï °‘®°“√§«“¬π¡®÷ß®–
¬—ßË ¬◊π∂“«√‡ªìπ∏ÿ√°‘®∑’„Ë Àâ§≥
ÿ ª√–‚¬™πå
‡™‘ßÕÿµ “À°√√¡‰¥â. °‘®°“√π’‡È ªìπ¢Õß
„À¡à ¢ Õß — ß §¡‰∑¬ °“√∑”πÿ ∫”√ÿ ß
°‘®°“√®”‡ªìπµâÕߺà“π‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭß
§«“¬ ‡æ√“–‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬®–
™à « ¬„Àâ °‘ ® °“√π’È ¡’ ° “√‡√’ ¬ π√⟠· ≈–
æ—≤π“Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ∑’ËΩñ°
ª√◊ Õ °”≈— ß §π„π·À≈à ß º≈‘ µ §«“¬π¡
‚¥¬‡©æ“–.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
Ù. °“√‡√’¬π√⢟ Õߺ⇟ ≈’¬È ߧ«“¬
‰∑¬ ‡√◊ÕË ß§«“¬π¡ ®–§àÕ¬‡ªìπ§àÕ¬
‰ª¥â«¬«‘∏’Õ–‰√ ·≈–π“π —°‡∑à“„¥
°“√‡√’ ¬ π√⟠¢ Õߺ⟠‡ ≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬
‰∑¬®”π«π ı ·¡àæ—π∏åÿ ·≈– Ò-Ú
æàÕæ—π∏åÿ ‚¥¬¡’≈Ÿ°µ‘¥„π§Õ° À√◊Õ‰¡à¡’
°Áµ“¡ ∂Ⓡ¢“ºâŸπ—Èπ‰¥âºà“π°“√Õ∫√¡„π
‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬·≈â« µàÕà ¡“Õ’° Û ªï
‡¢“®–‰¥â§«“¬‡°‘¥‡æ‘Ë¡Õ’°‡∑à“µ—« ·≈–
¡’§«“¬·¡àæ—π∏åÿµ—Èß∑âÕßÕ¬àŸÕ’°‡∑à“µ—«.
¥—ßπ—Èπ „π√–¬–‡«≈“ Ò ªï ‡¢“ºâŸπ—Èπ°Á
¬àÕ¡µ—ÈßÀ≈—°‰¥â ‡æ√“–®–¡’§«“¬π¡„π
§√Õ∫§√Õ߉¡àµË”°«à“ ı ·¡à ·≈–
§«“¬ª≈—°·¡àæ—π∏åÿ‰¡àµË”°«à“ Ò ·¡à
´÷Ëß®–¡’∏ÿ√°‘®√’¥π¡§«“¬·≈–∑”°“√
∑¥≈Õߺ≈‘µ‡π¬·¢Áß®“°πÈ”π¡§«“¬‰¥â
‚¥¬§«“¬µ—«ºâŸ∑’ˇ°‘¥°Á¢“¬∑”‡π◊ÈÕ À√◊Õ
§—¥‡≈◊Õ°¡“‡ªìπæàÕæ—π∏åÿ.
ı. π— ° ≈ß∑ÿ π ®–¡’ «‘ ∏’ Õ ¬à “ ߉√
∑“߇≈◊Õ°√–À«à“ß«‘∏π’ ”‡¢â“§«“¬π¡
æ√â Õ ¡‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ∑”‡π¬·¢Á ß °— ∫
°“√√Õ§π‰∑¬‡√’ ¬ π√⟠°à Õ π·≈â « ®÷ ß
≈ß∑ÿπ
§”∂“¡π’È¡’§”µÕ∫‰¥â∑—Èß Ú
∑“ß. ∑“߇≈◊Õ°∑’Ë Ò π”‡¢â“§«“¬π¡
æ√âÕ¡‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑”‡π¬·¢Áß,  “¡“√∂
∑”‰¥â∂⓺âŸ≈ß∑ÿπ¡’°”≈—ß∑ÿπ Ÿß ·≈–
 “¡“√∂‡™◊ÕË ¡‚¬ßÀ√◊Õ√à«¡∑ÿπ°—∫∫√‘…∑—
·¡à∑’ˇ≈’Ȭߧ«“¬π¡ ‡™àπ „πª√–‡∑»
Õ‘ µ “≈’ . ∑“߇≈◊ Õ °π’È „ ™â ∑ÿ π  Ÿ ß °“√
§«∫§ÿ¡§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–°”≈—ߧπµâÕß≈ß
∑ÿπ·≈–Ωñ°§ÿ¡Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß  “¡“√∂∑”
√“¬‰¥â‰¥â¿“¬„π‡«≈“ ı-ˆ ªï. ‡¡◊ËÕ
𔧫“¬π¡‡¢â“ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªì𧫓¬√àÿπ
Õ“¬ÿ Ò ªï¢πÈ÷ ‰ª À√◊Õ§«“¬ “«∑’µË ßÈ— ∑âÕß
®”π«πÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬‰¡àµË”°«à“ Ú-ı
·¡àæ—π∏åÿ ®÷ß®–¥”‡π‘π∏ÿ√°‘®∑’˧âÿ¡§à“‰¥â
„π‡«≈“ ı-ˆ ªï∑”°“√.
∑“߇≈◊Õ°∑“ß∑’Ë Ú §◊Õ √Õ„Àâ
§π‰∑¬∑’Ë ºà “ π‚√߇√’ ¬ π‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬¡’
®”π«π¡“°·≈â« ®÷ß∑“∫∑“¡∑’®Ë –≈ß∑ÿπ
 √â“ßø“√塧«“¬π¡, §àÕ¬Ê ‡°Á∫µ°´◊ÕÈ
§«“¬π¡®“°ºâŸ‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬„π‚√߇√’¬π
‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬ ·≈–¢¬—∫¢¬“¬®â“߇®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë
∑’Ë √âŸ ß “π‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬¡“¥”‡π‘ π °‘ ® °“√
ø“√å ¡ ·≈–√«∫√«¡ºâŸ ‡ ≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬„π
‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬„Àâ ¡—§√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°
‡æ◊ÕË º≈‘µ§«“¬π¡ ·≈–À√◊Õ√—∫´◊ÕÈ πÈ”π¡
§«“¬®“°ºâŸ‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬π¡√“¬¬àÕ¬¡“
º≈‘µ‡π¬·¢Áß‚¥¬µ—ßÈ ‚√ßß“π∑”‡π¬·¢Áß.
∂â“®–≈ß∑ÿπ¢π“¥π’µÈ Õâ ß„™â‡«≈“ Ò-Òı
ªï∑”°“√®÷ß®–‰¥âº≈ §◊Õ‰¥â‡π¬·¢Áß
®“°π¡§«“¬æ√âÕ¡ à߇¢â“µ≈“¥. ·µà
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ °“√µ—Èß‚√ßß“πº≈‘µ‡π¬
·¢Áß®“°π¡§«“¬°Á‡ªìπÕ’°¢—πÈ µÕπÀπ÷ßË
∑’Ë®–µâÕß¡’°“√π”‡¢â“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·≈–
‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√°≈ À√◊Õ·¡â«à“®–¥—¥·ª≈ß
¬â Õ π¬ÿ § ∑”‡§√◊Ë Õ ß„™â ¿ “¬„πª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬¡“∑¥·∑π°Á§ß∑”‰¥â ·µà°Á‡ªìπ
ß“πÕ’°ß“πÀπ÷Ëß. ∑“߇≈◊Õ°π’È·¡â«à“®–
™â“ÀπàÕ¬ ·µà«à“¡’§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß„π∞“π
°“√º≈‘µ‡æ√“–≈ß∑ÿππâÕ¬ ·≈–·¡â«à“
®–§◊π∑ÿπ™â“·≈–‰¡àÕ“®∑”°”‰√¡“°π—°
·µà °Á ‡ ªì π °“√‡≈’È ¬ ߧπ‰∑¬∑’Ë   √â “ ß
Õ“™’æ‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‡ªìπÕ“™’æÀ≈—° „Àâ
§π‡À≈à “ π—È π ¡’ ∑ “߇¢â “ °≈àÿ ¡ ∑”∏ÿ √ °‘ ®
§«“¬π¡√à«¡°—π.
ˆ. ‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬ ®”‡ªìπ
µâÕß≈ß¡◊Õ∑”∑—π∑’ ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß∑“ß
‡≈◊Õ°µà“ßÊ „π¢âÕ Ò-ı
ºâŸ‡¢’¬π§‘¥·≈–‰¥â≈ß¡◊ժؑ∫—µ‘
·≈⫇√◊ËÕß‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ ‡æ√“–
ˆıÚ
ˆ.Ò µâÕß°“√„À⇬“«™π‰¥â¡’
Õ“™’æ‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‰ªæ√âÕ¡Ê °—∫°“√
‡√’¬π√⟫‘∑¬“°“√‡©æ“–°‘®‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¬
‚¥¬ºà“π‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ ´÷Ëß®–¡’ºâŸ
‡≤à “ ºâŸ · °à „ Àâ § «“¡√⟠æ◊È π ∫â “ π·≈–¿Ÿ ¡‘
ªí≠≠“‰∑¬√à«¡°—∫«‘∑¬“°√™—Èπ Ÿß®“°
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢—πÈ Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“ ‡æ◊ÕË «à“¿“¬
À≈—߇¬“«™π‡À≈à“π—ÈπÕ“®®– “¡“√∂
ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‡ªìπÕ“™’æ
À≈—° æ√âÕ¡∑—Èß¡’§«“¡√âŸ√–¥—∫ Ÿß‡∑’¬∫
‡∑à“ª√‘≠≠“µ√’ ‚∑ ‡Õ°, À√◊Õ√—∞Õ“®
®–√—∫√Õß„Àâ«∑‘ ¬∞“π–√–¥—∫ª√‘≠≠“µ√’
‚∑ ‡Õ° „π™à Õ ß∑“ß°“√»÷ ° …“µ“¡
Õ—∏¬“»—¬´÷Ëß°”Àπ¥„π æ.√.∫. °“√
»÷°…“·Ààß™“µ‘ ªï ÚıÙÚ. ‚√߇√’¬π
‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬„π°‘ ® °“√¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬
 — ≠ ®√‰¥â ‡ √‘Ë ¡ ∑”·≈â « ‡æ◊Ë Õ √Õß√— ∫ °“√
¢¬“¬‚Õ°“ ¿“§Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“·°àª«ß™π
™“«‰∑¬.
ˆ.Ú µâ Õ ß°“√„Àâ ‡ ¬“«™π‰¥â
´÷¡´—∫§«“¡≈àÿ¡≈÷°¢Õß«—≤π∏√√¡¢â“«
´÷Ë߇ªì𧫓¡¡—Ëπ§ß„π«‘∂’™’«‘µ§π‰∑¬
¥â«¬°“√À—π°≈—∫ àŸ¢â“«  àŸπ“  àŸ§«“¬
·≈– àŸ§π Õ—π‡ªìπ«‘∂’™’«‘µ‰∑¬∑’ˇªìπ
°√–∫«π°“√≈Ÿ°‚´à¢Õß™’«‘µ Õ“À“√
·≈–®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥„π ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘·Ààßπ’È,
´÷Ëß°”≈—ß∂Ÿ°≈–‡≈¬„À⇧√◊ËÕß®—°√°≈‡¢â“
¡“·∑π∑’Ë „™âπÈ”¡—π‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ß  Ÿ∫πÈ”„ à
∑‘È ß ª≈à Õ ¬®“°‡¢◊Ë Õ π·≈â « ‡µ‘ ¡ ªÜÿ ¬ ‡§¡’
‡æ√“–¢“¥ªÜÿ¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ªÜÿ¬
∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‰ ¥â µ °µ–°Õπ‡Àπ◊ Õ ‡¢◊Ë Õ π
·≈–ª≈à Õ ¬πÈ” „ „µâ ‡ ¢◊Ë Õ π¡“ª≈Ÿ ° ¢â “ «
¥â«¬√–∫∫™≈ª√–∑“π ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß Ÿ∫
πÈ”∑’Ë„™âπÈ”¡—π À√◊Õ Ÿ∫πÈ”∫“¥“≈¡“
‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ°. °“√ Ÿ∫∑’Ë„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–
πÈ” ¡— 𠇪ì π °“√≈ß∑ÿ π ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ‰ ¥â æ÷Ë ß æ“
«‘∏’‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬π¡„À⇪ìπ∏ÿ√°‘®

∏√√¡™“µ‘„π ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘ ∑”‰ª¥â«¬
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·ºπ„À¡à‡æ√“–‡≈Áß°”‰√ Ÿß
„π√Ÿª‡ß‘πµ√“ ·µà‡ß‘πµ√“‡À≈à“π—Èπ°Á
®”‡ªìπµâÕß àßÕÕ°‡æ◊ËÕ´◊ÈÕπÈ”¡—π·≈–
Õÿª°√≥åÕπË◊ Ê. ®ÿ¥ª√–‡¥Áπ„À≠à„π‡√◊ÕË ß
‡»√…∞°‘® ™π∫∑¢Õߧπ‰∑¬¢“¥°“√
®— ¥  ¡¥ÿ ≈ ∑“ß°“√À¡ÿ 𠇫’ ¬ π‡ß‘ π µ√“
´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√ Ÿ∫§«“¡Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥åÕÕ°
®“° ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‚‘ ¥¬·∑â ·≈–‡ß‘πµ√“π—πÈ
°Á¡’°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√¥â«¬√–∫∫ “°≈
∑’Ë § π‰∑¬ª≈Ÿ ° ¢â “ «‰¡à   “¡“√∂‡¢â “  àŸ
«ß®√°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√π—Èπʉ¥â ‡ªìπ
º≈„Àâ‡ß‘πµ√“‰À≈ÕÕ°¡“° ·µà‰À≈
‡¢â“πâÕ¬, ´È”‡¢â“™π∫∑æ√âÕ¡¥Õ°‡∫’Ȭ
®π∂÷ß°“√®”πÕß∑’Ë¥‘π. ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√
 √â“߇¬“«™π„π‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬®–
™à « ¬„Àâ ¡’ ‚ Õ°“ °”Àπ¥°“√∫√‘ À “√
®—¥°“√°“√‰À≈‡«’¬π¢Õ߇ߑπµ√“„Àâ
Õ¬àŸ„π«‘ —¬∑’Ë®–®—¥ ¡¥ÿ≈°“√º≈‘µ·≈–
√–∫∫‡ß‘πµ√“À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π àŸ‰√à𓉥â¥â«¬
µπ‡Õß.
ˆ.Û Õÿ µ  “À°√√¡π¡ ‡π◊È Õ
·≈–Àπ—ß ‡¢“ ®“°§«“¬¬—߇ªìπ∏ÿ√°‘®
∑’˧π‰∑¬ √â“߉¡à§√∫«ß®√·≈–‰¡àæÕ
‡æ’¬ß. §π‰∑¬®–∑”Õÿµ “À°√√¡Àπ—ß
°ÁµâÕßπ”‡¢â“Àπ—ߥ‘∫®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
‡æ√“–¢“¥«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫„π‡«≈“π’È ∂÷߇«≈“
·≈â«∑’‡Ë √“®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡“ª√–°Õ∫°‘®°“√
‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬Õ¬à“ߧ√∫«ß®√ ‚¥¬ºà“π
‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬.
‡Àµÿº≈·≈–ªí®®—¬∑’Ë®”‡ªìπµâÕß
æ—≤π“„À⇢ⓠà∏Ÿ √ÿ °‘®§«“¬π¡
‡Àµÿ §«“¬‰∑¬≈¥®”π«π §π
‰∑¬µ°ß“π °“√ª≈Ÿ°¢â“«¡’§«“¡º—π
·ª√‡ªìπÕÿµ “À°√√¡ àßÕÕ°, ®”‡ªìπ
¡≥’«√√≥ °¡≈æ—≤π–
µâÕ߇ª≈’ˬπ«‘∏’‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬.
ªí®®—¬ ∑’Ë„™â„π°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬
§◊Õ §π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ ·≈–§πµâÕ߇≈’Ȭß
ç§π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬é ‡ªìπªí®®—¬≈Ÿ°‚´à „π
°“√º≈‘µÕ“À“√„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬.
§π‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬ §«“¬°‘πÀ≠â“ §π
°‘π¢â“«·≈–°‘π‡π◊ÈÕ π¡ º—° º≈‰¡â. ¥—ß
π—Èπ °“√ √â“ß≈Ÿ°‚´à«ß®√°“√º≈‘µ ´÷Ëß
®”‡ªìπµâÕß√âÕ¬µàÕ‡Àµÿ ªí®®—¬ ·≈–º≈
§◊Õ Õ“À“√ ·≈–º≈‘µ¿—≥±å „πªí®®—¬ Ù
„Àâ§√∫∂â«π.
Õß§å ª √–°Õ∫§«“¡æ√â Õ ¡∑’Ë ® –
‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‰∑¬„À⇪ì𧫓¬π¡ ·≈–
∑”∏ÿ √ °‘ ® ‰¥â π—È π ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ßæ— ≤ π“
ªí®®—¬µàÕ‰ªπ’„È Àâ¡„’ ™â Õ¬‰¥âµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“
∑’Ë “¡“√∂¥”‡π‘π∏ÿ√°‘®§«“¬‰∑¬·≈–
§«“¬π¡‰¥â. ªí®®—¬∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ§◊Õ
 “¬æ—π∏åÿ§«“¬ ∑’˧«√¡’‰«â¡’ Û
 “¬æ—π∏åÿ §◊Õ
°) ®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‰∑¬
æ—π∏ÿå·∑â ·≈–§—¥æ—π∏åÿ,
¢) ®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇≈’Ȭߧ«“¬æ—π∏åÿ
º ¡§◊Õ §«“¬‰∑¬º ¡§«“¬π¡ ·≈–
§—¥æ—π∏åÿ, ·≈–
§) ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬π¡
æ—π∏åÿ·∑â ·≈–§—¥‡≈◊Õ°æ—π∏åÿ.
æ◊Èπ∑’ˇ≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ §«“¬™Õ∫
æ◊πÈ ∑’≈Ë ¡ÿà ¡’π”È Õÿ¥¡ µâÕß∑”§Õ°‡≈’¬È ߢ—ß
À√◊Õ¡’æπÈ◊ ∑’‡Ë ≈’¬È ߪ≈àÕ¬„Àâ·∑–‡≈Á¡À≠â“
À√◊ Õ Õ“®®— ¥ °“√·∫∫º ¡º “π§◊ Õ
‡≈’Ȭߢ—ߧհ ·≈–‡≈’Ȭߪ≈àÕ¬„π∑’ˇ¥’¬«
°—π. °“√„™âæ◊Èπ∑’Ë®”‡ªìπµâÕß∫√‘À“√
®— ¥ °“√„Àâ ≈ ßµ— « „π°“√„™â æ◊È π ∑’Ë · ∫∫
µà“ßÊ ¥—ß°≈à“«„À⇰‘¥º≈º≈‘µ‰¥â ¡Ë”
‡ ¡Õ, „ÀâπÈ”π¡¥’‡¢â“‡°≥±å§—¥‡≈◊Õ°
æ—π∏åÿ ·≈–¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‡¢â“
ˆıÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‡°≥±å§—¥‡≈◊Õ°æ—π∏åÿ.
Õ“À“√§«“¬ æ◊ ™ Õ“À“√
§«“¬µâÕß¡’°“√«‘®—¬ ·≈–°“√®—¥ Ÿµ√
Õ“À“√„Àâ‡Õ◊ÈÕº≈º≈‘µ∑’˵âÕß°“√ §◊Õ
„Àâ≈Ÿ°¥° ∑—Èߧ«“¬‡π◊ÈÕ·≈–§«“¬π¡.
∂â “ ‡ªì 𠧫“¬‡π◊È Õ °Á µâ Õ ß‡≈’È ¬ ߥ⠫ ¬
Õ“À“√·≈â«¡’Õ—µ√“·≈°‡π◊ÈÕ Ÿß. ∂â“
‡ªì𧫓¬π¡°Á¡’Õ—µ√“„Àâπ¡ Ÿß °“√
µ—È߇°≥±å„Àâ≈Ÿ° „Àâ‡π◊ÈÕ „Àâπ¡ ‡ªìπ
¡“µ√∞“π∑’ˇ®â“¢Õß°‘®°“√µâÕß„ à„®
·≈–µ—È߇ªÑ“À¡“¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√
„À≥âº≈º≈‘µ‡¢â“‡ªÑ“À¡“¬ ®÷ß®”‡ªìπ
µâ Õ ß¡’ ° “√®¥∫— π ∑÷ ° ∑’Ë ∑”‡ªì π °‘ ® «— µ √
ª√–®”«—π µ—Èß·µà°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ
°“√®—¥ Ÿµ√Õ“À“√ ·≈–°“√º≈‘µÕ“À“√
´÷Ëß¡’∑—ÈßÕ“À“√À¬“∫·≈–Õ“À“√¢âπ.
§π‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬ §π‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬
¡’ Ú ª√–‡¿∑. ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Ò √⟮—°ß“π
‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬¡“·µà‡°‘¥
‡√’¬π√⟮“°ºâŸ„À≠à„π∫â“π ·≈–‡√’¬π√âŸ
®“°ß“π‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬. ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Ú §◊Õ
§π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬∑’Ë°”≈—ß √â“ߢ÷Èπ¡“®“°
‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ ∑’Ë®–ºπ÷°º “π
Õß§å § «“¡√⟠  ¡— ¬ „À¡à „ Àâ ‡ ¢â “ °— ∫ §π
ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë À π÷Ë ß ·≈–∂à “ ¬∑Õ¥ àŸ ° “√
ªØ‘∫—µ‘®√‘ß §◊Õ ∫∑‡√’¬π®“°°“√‡≈’Ȭß
§«“¬„À≥â≈Ÿ°¥° ¡’Õ—µ√“·≈°‡π◊ÈÕ Ÿß
„Àâ πÈ” π¡ Ÿ ß µ“¡‡°≥±å ∑’Ë ® –§à Õ ¬Ê
æ—≤π“¡“®“°º≈∑’ˇ°‘¥‰¥â®√‘ß„π∑âÕß
∂‘Ëπ.
§π®—¥°“√ §◊Õ ºâŸ√⟰‘®°“√ ºâŸ√âŸ
‡√◊ËÕߧπ‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ ºâŸ√⟇√◊ËÕßæ—π∏åÿ§«“¬
ºâŸ√⟇√◊ËÕßÕ“À“√§«“¬ ·≈–·À≈àߺ≈‘µ
Õ“À“√§«“¬ ·≈–√⟫‘∑¬“°“√·ºπ„À¡à
‡æ◊ËÕ “¡“√∂¥”‡π‘π°“√·≈–ª√—∫ª√ÿß
°‘®°“√. ∑’Ë ”§—≠∑’Ë ÿ¥µâÕß√⟇√◊ËÕß°“√
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
π”‡ß‘π àߧ◊π∑ÿπ„π°‘®°“√. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ºâŸ
®—¥°“√®÷ß®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇√’¬π√âÕŸ ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß
·≈–‡π◊ÕË ß®“°‡ªìπ¢Õß„À¡à„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬
‚√߇√’ ¬ π‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬®–µâ Õ ß∫à ¡ ·≈–
‡æ“–ºâŸ®—¥°“√„π°‘®°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬„Àâ
䴉.
‡ß‘π∑ÿπ·≈–‡ß‘π∑ÿπÀ¡ÿπ‡«’¬π
‡ªì π ªí ® ®— ¬  ”§— ≠ ¢Õß°‘ ® °“√∫√‘ À “√
°“√‡ß‘π ∑’Ë®–∑”„Àââ§π‰∑¬Õ¬àŸ„π√–∫∫
 “°≈‰¥â. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ºâŸ≈ß∑ÿ𮔇ªìπµâÕß
‡¢â“Õ¬àŸ„π«ß°“√‡ß‘π √⟇√◊ËÕ߇ߑπ‡æ◊ËÕ√—∫
∫√‘ ° “√°“√®— ¥ °“√°“√‡ß‘ π „Àâ ¡—Ë π §ß
·≈–¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡.
√–¬–‡«≈“§◊π∑ÿπ ¥—ß‰¥â°≈à“«
·≈â««à“¡’√–¬–§◊π∑ÿπµ—Èß·µà Ò ªï Ú
ªï ·≈– Û ªï ·≈–°“√ √â“ßÀ≈—°∞“π
„À⇪ìπ∏ÿ√°‘®„À≠à®”‡ªìπµâÕß —ßË  ¡¢â“¡
™—Ë«Õ“¬ÿ§π Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ Û ™—Ë«Õ“¬ÿ§π
®“°ªÉŸ ¬à“ µ“ ¬“¬ ºà“π æàÕ ·¡à ¡“
ÕÕ°º≈∑’Ë√àÿπÀ≈“π ·≈–√àÿ߇√◊Õß„π√àÿπ
‡À≈π, ‰¡àπ“π‡°‘π√Õ¡‘„™àÀ√◊Õ ‡æ√“–
·ºàπ¥‘π ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘§«√®–Õ¬àŸ¬“«π“π
‡ªìπæ—πÊ ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª. °“√‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭß
∏ÿ √ °‘ ® §«“¬°Á πà “ ®–Õ¬àŸ ‡ §’ ¬ ߢ⠓ ß·≈–
§«∫§Ÿà°—∫·ºàπ¥‘π ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘·Ààßπ’È¡‘
„™àÀ√◊Õ, ´÷Ëß„π°√–∫«π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√
¬àÕ¡µâÕß¡’√–¬–‡«≈“§◊π∑ÿπ ‡¡◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ§ß
·≈â«°Á®–‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“∑”°”‰√ ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–°“√¢¬“¬°‘ ® °“√·≈–æ— ≤ π“
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë®–µâÕß àߧ◊π‡ß‘π∑ÿπ‡æ◊ËÕ
„Àâ ∏ÿ √ °‘ ® ‡ªì π °“√≈ß∑ÿ π µà Õ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß·≈–
‡¢â“ àŸ°√–∫«π°“√§◊π∑ÿπ ∑”°”‰√ Õ—π
‡ªìπ¿“«– —∫‡ª≈’ˬπ≈◊Ëπ‰À≈‡™àππ’ȇªìπ
«ß®√ ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß. ·µàº≈º≈‘µ∑’ˉ¥â§◊Õ ºâŸ
®—¥°“√µâÕß àߧ◊π∑ÿπ‰ª Ò) ‡≈’Ȭߧπ
‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬, Ú) ‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
§«“¬º≈‘µº≈ÕÕ°¡“∑”‡ß‘π. º≈
π—ÈπÊ ®–∑”‡ß‘π‰¥âµâÕß®—¥°“√¥Ÿ·≈
„À⇰‘¥, Û) ‡≈’Ȭߧπ∑—Ë«‰ª ¥â«¬¢â“«
‡π◊ÈÕ π¡ ·≈–Àπ—߇¢“, ·≈– Ù)
 ◊∫∑Õ¥°“√∑”§ÿ≥·°à·ºàπ¥‘π‡√◊ËÕß
§«“¬ ¥‘π πÈ” Õ“°“»  àŸ§π ·≈–
§πÕ’ ° π—Ë π ·À≈–®–µâ Õ ß à ß §◊ π §ÿ ≥
·°à·ºàπ¥‘π.
§ÿ ≥ §à “ ¢ÕßÕ“™’ æ ‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬
π¡ ¬àÕ¡°àÕ°”‡π‘¥ª√—™≠“°“√¥”√ß
«‘ ∂’ ™’ «‘ µ ‰∑¬∫π·ºà 𠥑 π  ÿ « √√≥¿Ÿ ¡‘ .
§π∑’ËÕ¬àŸ¥’°‘π¥’√⟮—°§«“¡¥’¬àÕ¡‡¢â“∂÷ß
 —®∏√√¡¢Õß·ºàπ¥‘π∑Õß·ºàπ¥‘π∏√√¡
·Àà ß π’È ®π “¡“√∂ à ß §◊ π §ÿ ≥ §à “ ·°à
·ºà 𠥑 π ·≈– àßµàÕ§π√àÿπ„À¡à ¥â«¬
ª√’™“≠“≥∑’ˇ°‘¥ ∫à¡ ‡æ“– ·≈–ª≈Ÿ°
Ωíß®“°°‘®°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬„π‚√߇√’¬π
‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬, ´÷Ëߺ⟇¢’¬π¡’§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ∑’ˉ¥â
ª√–惵‘·≈–ªØ‘∫—µ‘¡“µ≈Õ¥™’«‘µ ®π
‡ÀÁπº≈ª√–®—°…å·∑â®√‘ß·≈â«, ®÷ß¡“
¥”‡π‘π°‘®°“√®—¥µ—Èß ç‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭß
§«“¬é ‡æ◊ËÕÕÿ¥¡°“√≥å∑—Èߪ«ß¥—߉¥â
°≈à“«·≈â«.
°“√‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬π¡„π
ª√–‡∑»Õ‘µ“≈’
§«“¬π¡„πª√–‡∑»Õ‘µ“≈’¡’°“√
‡≈’Ȭ߄π·∂∫µÕπ„µâ§àÕπ¢â“ßÀπ“·πàπ
„πÀ≈“¬®—ßÀ«—¥„µâ°√ÿß‚√¡≈߉ª ‡™àπ
®— ß À«— ¥ ·≈µ‘ π “, §“‡´Õµ“, ‡π‡ªî ≈ ,
‡ √“‚π (Serano) ·≈–‡ª µÿ ¡
(Pestum) ·≈–¡’ ∫â “ ß∑“ßµÕπ‡Àπ◊ Õ
¢Õߪ√–‡∑». ®”π«π§«“¬π¡„πÕ‘µ“≈’
¡’ Ú, µ—«∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ Ÿß ‡æ√“–
ˆıÙ
‰¥â√—∫°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ®“°§«“¬ß“π
∑’ˇ≈’Ȭ߄µâ∂ÿπ∫â“π„π√–¬– Û ªï∑’Ë
ºà“π¡“. §√Õ∫§√—«∑’ˇ≈’Ȭߧ«“¬®–
∂à “ ¬∑Õ¥§«“¡™”π“≠æ‘ ‡ »… ·≈–
∞“π√“°¢Õß°“√≈ß∑ÿπ„π∏ÿ√°‘®§«“¬
π¡„Àâ°—∫≈Ÿ°À≈“π π—∫‰¥ââ∂÷ß Ù ™—Ë«§π
®÷ßπ—∫‡ªìπ∏ÿ√°‘®∑’¥Ë πŸ “à  π„®·≈–§â¡ÿ §à“.
§«“¡ºŸ ° æ— π „π∏ÿ √ °‘ ® §«“¬π¡¢Õß
§√Õ∫§√—«™“«Õ‘µ“‡≈’¬ππà“»÷°…“¡“°
‡ªìπ∑—°…–·≈–§«“¡™”π“≠∑’˺Ÿ°æ—π
¥â«¬„®√—°·≈–∑”®√‘ß®—ß, ªÉŸ ¬à“ µ“ ¬“¬
∂à“¬∑Õ¥„Àâ≈Ÿ°À≈“π¥â«¬§«“¡¡—Ëπ„®
·≈– âŸ ß “πÀπ— ° ¡“Õ¬à “ ßπâ Õ ¬ Û-Ù
™—Ë « §π. §ÿ ≥ ≈— ° …≥–‡™à π π’È °Á ‡ ªì π
§ÿ ≥ ≈— ° …≥–¢Õß™“«π“‰∑¬‡™à π °— π
‡æ’¬ß·µà«à“‰¡à‰¥â ¬°√–¥—∫°“√‡≈’Ȭß
§«“¬®“°°‘ ® „π§√— « ‡√◊ Õ π¢÷È π ¡“‡ªì π
Õÿµ “À°√√¡  à«π„À≠ଗߧß≈—°…≥–
‡≈’Ȭ߉«â Ú-ı µ—«„π§√—«‡√◊Õπ. ‡¡◊ËÕ
§√Õ∫§√— « ‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬≈¥®”π«π≈ß
§«“¬‰∑¬°Á≈¥®”π«π≈ßµ“¡‰ª¥â«¬,
®÷ß∂÷߇«≈“∑’Ë™“«‰∑¬ºâŸ π„®‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¬
‰¡à«à“®–¡’§«“¡√âŸ√–¥—∫‰Àπ®–µâÕß¡“
™à«¬°—π°√–µâÿπ§√Õ∫§√—«‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬∑’Ë
¬—߇À≈◊ÕÕ¬àŸ ®—¥ àß∫ÿµ√À≈“π¡“‡¢â“
‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ ∑’˺⟇¢’¬π°”≈—ß∫ÿ°
‡∫‘°√–¥¡  ¡Õß·≈– √√æ°”≈—ßÕ¬àŸ„π
‡«≈“π’.È ç‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬é ®—ßÀ«—¥
∫ÿ √’ √— ¡ ¬å ‰¥â ‡ √‘Ë ¡ ·≈â « ‡¡◊Ë Õ «— π ∑’Ë ÒÚ
¡°√“§¡ ÚıÙı π—∫‡ªìπ®—ßÀ«—¥·√°
∑’¥Ë ”‡π‘π°‘®°“√ ç‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬é
‡æ◊ËÕπ”§√Õ∫§√—«‰∑¬∑’ˬ—ߧß≈—°…≥–
°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ Ú-ı µ—« „À≥⢬—∫
¢¬“¬°‘®°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬„À⇢ⓠàŸ√–¥—∫
∏ÿ√°‘®À≈—°¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√—« ‚¥¬„Àâ∫ÿµ√
À≈“πÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ Ò §π„π§√Õ∫§√—«
«‘∏’‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬π¡„À⇪ìπ∏ÿ√°‘®

¡“‡√’¬π√âŸ√à«¡°—∫ºâŸ„À≠à„π§√Õ∫§√—«∑’Ë
 ¡—§√‡¢â“‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬Õ¬Ÿà·≈â«.
°“√º≈‘µ‡π¬·¢Áß®“°
π¡§«“¬
°“√‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬π¡‡ªì π ∏ÿ √ °‘ ®
‡æ◊Ë Õ º≈‘ µ ‡π¬·¢Á ß ®“°π¡§«“¬‡ªì π
º≈º≈‘µ∑’‚Ë ¥¥‡¥àπ ·≈–‡≈’¬È ßµ—«‡Õ߉¥â¥’
„π∏ÿ√°‘®§«“¬π¡ ·≈–∂â“ “¡“√∂¢¬“¬
¢π“¥¢Õßø“√å¡®“° Ò ·¡à„Àâπ¡
°Á®–ª√—∫‡ªìπ∏ÿ√°‘®§«“¬π¡·≈–°“√
º≈‘µ‡π¬·¢Áß∑’ˇªìπÕÿµ “À°√√¡‰¥â.
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õßπ¡§«“¬
π¡§«“¬¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑’ˇ¥àπ°«à“
π¡«—«µ√ß∑’«Ë “à ¡’§“à ‡π◊ÕÈ π¡ Ÿß°«à“Õ¬à“ß
πâÕ¬ Ò ‡∑à“µ—« ·≈–¡’§à“‰¢¡—π Ÿß°«à“
ª√–¡“≥ Ò ‡∑à“µ—«‡™àπ°—π. ®“°°“√
æ∫ª–查§ÿ¬°—∫π—°«‘®¬— „πª√–‡∑»®’π,
ª√–‡∑»øî≈‘ªªîπ å ·≈–ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
§«“¬ª≈—°¡’‚ª√µ’πª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– ˆ-
˜ ·≈–¡’‰¢¡—πª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– ı-˜.
¥—ßπ—Èπ ·¡â«à“ª√‘¡“µ√π¡§«“¬®–µË”
°«à“π¡«—« ·µà∂Ⓡª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√‘¡“≥
‡π◊ÈÕπ¡ ·≈–‰¢¡—π °Á®–‰¥âª√–¡“≥
‡∑à“µ—«¢Õßπ¡«—«, ®÷ß查‰¥â«à“ª√‘¡“≥
„Àâπ¡®“°§«“¬®–‡ªìπ Ú ‡∑à“¢Õß
ª√‘¡“≥„Àâπ¡®“°«—«. ∂â“¥Ÿ∑’Ë°“√º≈‘µ
‡π¬·¢Áß µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ π¡§«“¬ ˜
°‘‚≈°√—¡ ∂⓺≈‘µ‡π¬·¢ÁßÀ√◊Õ‡π¬®–
µâÕß„™âπ¡«—«ª√–¡“≥ ÒÙ °‘‚≈°√—¡
®÷ß®–‰¥âª√‘¡“≥‡π¬‡∑àà“°—π.
°“√∑”‡π¬·¢Á ß  ¥„πª√–‡∑»
Õ‘ µ “≈’ ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ ‡ ’ ¬ ß·≈–¡’ ‡ ∑§‚π‚≈¬’
‡©æ“–°‘®∑’‡Ë √’¬°«à“ ∏ÿ√°‘®¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“
¡≥’«√√≥ °¡≈æ—≤π–
(mozzarella). ¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“‡ªìπ
‡π¬·¢Áß∑’Ëπ‘¬¡∫√‘‚¿§ ¥.  —¥ à«π
¢ÕßπÈ”π¡§«“¬ ¥µàÕ¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“
‡∑à“°—∫ Ù µàÕ Ò À¡“¬§«“¡«à“ π”
πÈ”π¡§«“¬ ¥ Ù °‘‚≈°√—¡ ¡“∑”‡π¬
·¢Áß¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“ ¥®–‰¥â Ò °‘‚≈°√—¡.
¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√∑”‡π¬·¢Áß ¥®“°
π¡§«“¬¡’À≈—°„À≠à Û ¢—ÈπµÕπ§◊Õ
¢—πÈ µÕπ∑’Ë Ò ª≈àÕ¬πÈ”π¡§«“¬
 ¥‰«â „À≢¡—π≈Õ¬µ—«, ·≈⫪íòπ·¬°
‡Õ“‰¢¡—πªπ‚ª√µ’π¢π“¥‡∫“„Àâ≈Õ¬
µ—«‡ªìπ§√’¡‡°“–‡ªìπ°âÕπ, ™âÕπ·¬°
ÕÕ°‰¥â º ≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å ∑’Ë ¿ “…“Õ‘ µ “‡≈’ ¬ π
‡√’¬°«à“ √’§Õµµ“ (ricotta) „™â∑“
¢π¡ªíß À√◊Õ∫√‘‚¿§‚¥¬µ√ß ∑”‡ªìπ
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å¢“¬‰¥â.
¢—πÈ µÕπ∑’Ë Ú π”πÈ”π¡∑’‡Ë À≈◊Õ
´÷Ëß¡’ª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π·≈–‚ª√µ’π¡“°¡“
µ°µ–°Õπ·¬°‡π◊È Õ π¡®“° à « ππÈ” .
‡∑§π‘ § µ√ßπ’È ¡— ° ®–𔇙◊È Õ ®ÿ ≈‘ π ∑√’ ¬å
®“°°√–‡æ“–À¡—°¢Õß —µ«å Ù ‡∑â“ ‡™àπ
®“°πÈ” ¬à Õ ¬°√–‡æ“–À¡— ° ¢Õß·°–
À√◊Õ¢Õߧ«“¬¡“‡µ‘¡≈߉ª, ·≈⫪√—∫
„Àâ ‡ ªì π °√¥‡≈Á ° πâ Õ ¬‡æ◊Ë Õ µ°µ–°Õπ
‡ªìπ§√’¡ªπ‚ª√µ’π ´÷Ë߇π◊ÈÕπ¡®–®—∫
µ—«‡ªìπ°âÕπ·¢Á߇À𒬫 ¿“…“Õ‘µ“-
‡≈’¬π ‡√’¬°«à“ §“°—«µ“ (caguata)
¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡√’¬°«à“ ‡§Õ√嵧√’¡
(curt cream).
¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’Ë Û π”‡§Õ√嵧√’¡
‰ªµ—¥´Õ¬„À⇪ìπ™‘Èπ‡≈Á°Ê ·≈â«·¬°
‚ª√µ’ π ÕÕ°¥â « ¬πÈ” √â Õ π∑’Ë ˘Ò-˘¯
Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬  ‚¥¬°“√µ’ªíòπ®—¥‡ âπ
‚ª√µ’π„À⇢⓰—π¥â«¬‰¡â ·≈â«π”‰ªªíôπ
‡ªìπ°âÕπ¥â«¬¡◊Õ À√◊Õπ”‡¢â“Õ—¥°âÕπ
¥â«¬‡§√◊ÕË ß®—°√°Á‰¥â, ‡√’¬°«à“ ¡Õ´´“-
ˆıı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‡√≈≈“.  à«ππÈ”∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ°Á𔉪„™â
ª√–‚¬™πå§◊Õ‡≈’Ȭß≈Ÿ°§«“¬ ·≈–·∫àß
 à«πÀπ÷Ë߉«â‡µ‘¡„ππ¡«—π∂—¥‰ª.
ºâŸ‡¢’¬π√⟮—°ß“π°“√∑”‡π¬·¢Áß∑’Ë
¥’ ® “°ª√–‡∑»Õ‘ µ “≈’ ¡ “µ—È ß ·µà æ.».
ÚıÚı ·≈–‰¥â§‘¥Ωíπ®–„À⇡◊Õ߉∑¬¡’
Õÿµ “À°√√¡¥â“ππ’È, ®÷ß√à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫§ÿ≥
 ÿπ’√—µπå ‡µÀå√“π ·≈–¡‘ ‡µÕ√凬¡¡à“
(Mr. Jamma) ‚¥¬∑”√à«¡°—∫¿“§√—∞
·≈–¿“§‡Õ°™π „π°“√π”‡¢â“§«“¬π¡
®“°ª√–‡∑»Õ‘µ“≈’. °“√¥”‡π‘πß“π
‰¥â∑”µ‘¥µàÕ°—πª√–¡“≥ ı ªï √–À«à“ß
æ.». ÚıÚÙ-ÚıÚ˘ ·µà‰¡àª√– ∫
º≈ ”‡√Á®, µ‘¥¢—¥∑’˧π‰∑¬¬—߉¡àæ√âÕ¡
·≈–‰¡à‡¢â“„®∏ÿ√°‘®§«“¬π¡ ·≈–°“√
∑”‡π¬·¢Áß®“°π¡§«“¬. §«“¡Ωíπ
¢Õߺ⟇¢’¬π®÷ߧ߇ªì𧫓¡ΩíπÕ¬àŸ®π
‡°…’¬≥Õ“¬ÿ√“™°“√‡¡◊ÕË æ.». ÚıÙı.
§«“¡ π„®„π∏ÿ√°‘®§«“¬π¡¬—ß
§ßΩíß„®ºâŸ‡¢’¬πÕ¬àŸ ¥—ßπ—Èπ„π™à«ß«—π∑’Ë
¯-Ò˜ ∏—𫓧¡ ÚıÙÙ ºâŸ‡¢’¬π‰¥â
擧ÿ≥√—≠®«π ‡Œßµ√–°Ÿ≈ ‘π ·≈–§ÿ≥
™≠“πÿ™ °—≥∑ª°√≥å ºâŸ π„®®–≈ß∑ÿπ
‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬‡ªìπ∏ÿ√°‘®‰ª‡¬’¬Ë ¡¥Ÿß“π°“√
‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬π¡ ·≈–°“√∑”Õÿµ “À°√√¡
‡π¬·¢Á߇æ◊ËÕ àßÕÕ°·≈–∫√‘‚¿§¿“¬„π
ª√–‡∑»∑’˪√–‡∑»Õ‘µ“≈’. ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡√◊ËÕß
°“√∑”‡π¬·¢Á ß ∑’Ë ºâŸ ‡ ¢’ ¬ ππ”¡“‡≈à “  àŸ
°— π øí ß ‡ªì π ∫— π ∑÷ °  à « πÀπ÷Ë ß ¢Õߧÿ ≥
™≠“πÿ™ „π°“√‡¬’ˬ¡™¡‚√ßß“π∑”
‡π¬·¢Á ß ¥â « ¬°— π „π®— ß À«— ¥ ‡ √“‚π
‡¢µ‡ª µÿ ¡ ·≈–®— ß À«— ¥ §“‡ √å µ “
(Caserta).
ºâ‡Ÿ ¢’¬π¢Õ‡≈à“∂÷ß°“√¥Ÿß“π‚√ßß“π
∑”‡π¬·¢Áß ¥®“°πÈ”π¡§«“¬ ∑’ˉª¥Ÿ
Û ·Ààß ·µà®–‡≈à“„ÀâºâŸÕà“π‡ÀÁπ‡ªìπ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
µ—«Õ¬à“ß®“°‚√ßß“π√–¥—∫§√Õ∫§√—«
·≈–‚√ßß“π√–¥—∫∫√‘…—∑.
‚√ßß“π§√Õ∫§√—«‚¡‡√‡ â
‚√ßß“π√–¥—∫§√Õ∫§√—« ∑’‰Ë ¥â‰ª
‡¬’¬Ë ¡‡ªìπ‚√ßß“π∑”¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“¢Õß
§√Õ∫§√—«‚¡‡√‡ â (Morese). ‡®â“¢Õß
§◊Õ π“¬¬Ÿ‡ ª‡ªÑ ‚¡‡√‡ â (Mr. Giu-
seppe Morese) ‡ªì𙓬Àπàÿ¡«—¬ Ûı
ªï ‡√’¬π‡√◊ËÕß»‘≈ª–·≈–°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·µà
¡“¥”‡π‘π°‘®°“√‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬¢Õߧ√Õ∫
§√—«∑’Ë√⟮—°∑”¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“¡“µ—Èß·µà
æ.». ÚÙÙˆ. ™à“ߪíôπ‡ âπ„¬‚ª√µ’π
‡§‡ Õ’π ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ‚ª√µ’πÀπ—°·≈–‚ª√µ’π
À≈— ° ¢ÕßπÈ” π¡ ‡ªì π ™à “ ß∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡
™”π“≠摇»… ∑”ß“πµ—Èß·µà ¯:-
ÒÒ: π. ‰¥â‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπª√–¡“≥ ˆ
À¡◊Ëπ∫“∑. §«“¡™”π“≠摇»…‡ªìπ
‡√◊ËÕߢÕ߇«≈“ §‘¥‡ªìππ“∑’ ·≈–‡ªìπ
‡√◊ËÕߢÕß·√ß∑’Ë„™â‰¡âªíòπ§πÀ“‡ âπ„¬
‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë„À⧫“¡‡À𒬫πàÿ¡ Õ¡‰¢¡—π
·≈–πÈ”‰¥âæÕ¥’®÷ß®–‡ªìπ¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“
∑’ˇ¢â“¡“µ√∞“π. ‚√ßß“π¢Õߧ√Õ∫
§√—«‚¡‡√‡ â„™â‚√ß¡â“∑’ˇ§¬„™â‡ªìπ∑’Ëæ—°
·√¡¢ÕߡⓇ∑’¬∫µà“߇¥‘π∑“ßµà“߇¡◊Õß
¢π∂à“¬ ‘π§â“‡ªìπ∑’Ëæ—°‡Õ“·√ß·≈–æ—°
°‘πÀ≠â“ ·≈–„À⧫“¡Õ∫Õàÿπ¡â“·≈–
§π°à Õ π®–‡¥‘ π ∑“ßµà Õ „π«— π √àÿ ß ¢÷È π .
§√Õ∫§√— « ‚¡‡√‡ â ‰ ¥â π”‚√ßæ— ° ·√¡
·Àà ß π’È ¡ “¥— ¥ ·ª≈߇ªì π ‚√ßß“π∑”
¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“™◊ËÕ §“‡´øî‚´ µ“‡«π“
‡æ𵓠(Caseificio Tavena
Penta) ·≈–‡ªìπ√â“π®”Àπà“¬µ√ß·°à
≈Ÿ ° §â “ ∑â Õ ß∂‘Ë π ∑’Ë ¡ “√— ∫ ‡π¬·¢Á ß  ¥‰ª
∫√‘‚¿§«—πµàÕ«—π. ¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“¢Õß
‚¡‡√‡ â¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß¡“° ≈Ÿ°§â“‡¥‘π∑“ß
¡“´◊È Õ µ√ß™—Ë « ‚¡ß∑”‡ √Á ® „À¡à §◊ Õ
√–À«à “ ß Ò:-ÒÙ: π. µâ π
µ”À√—∫ Ÿµ√¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“¢Õß‚¡‡√‡ â
¡“®“°ªÉŸ πâ Õ ¬¢Õß𓬬Ÿ ‡  ª‡ª ™◊Ë Õ
§“ –‚√ (Casaro) ‡ªìπºâŸ§âπæ∫«‘∏’∑”
¡Õ ´“‡√≈≈“¢Õßµ√–°Ÿ≈π’ȵ—Èß·µà æ.».
ÚÙÙˆ.
°“√∑”¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√—«
‚¡‡√‡ â
„πµÕπ‡™â“¡◊¥π”πÈ”π¡§«“¬®“°
ø“√å¡„ à∂—ß ‡µπ‡≈ µ—È߉«â·≈â«¥”‡π‘π
¢—πÈ µÕπ¥—ßπ’È
¢—È π µÕπ∑”√’ § Õµµ“ Õàÿ π
πÈ”π¡§«“¬∑’˪√—∫§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥¥à“ß
(æ’‡ÕÁ™) „À≥⠈.Ù ·≈⫪íòπ®π‰¥â§√’¡
√’§Õµµ“≈Õ¬µ—«. À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ∑”°“√
°√ÕßÕÕ° ·≈â«π”πÈ”π¡∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ‡¢â“ àŸ
∂—ß„À¡à. πÈ”π¡™à«ßπ’È√Õ∑”§“°—«µ“
(caguata) ´÷Ë߇ªìπµ–°Õπ‚ª√µ’π√«¡
°—∫‰¢¡—π.
¢—È π µ Õ π ∑” § “ °— « µ “ À √◊ Õ
‡§Õ√å µ §√’ ¡ π”πÈ” π¡¡“‡µ‘ ¡ πÈ”
¬àÕ¬®“°°√–‡æ“–À¡—°¢Õß·°–À√◊Õ
§«“¬‡æ◊ÕË „À≥⇙◊ÕÈ ®ÿ≈π‘ ∑√’¬å ·≈–‡Õπ-
´— ¬ ¡å ‡ √π‘ π „π°“√∑”„Àâ ‚ ª√µ’ π „π
πÈ” π¡®— ∫ °â Õ π√«¡°— ∫ ‰¢¡— π . °“√
ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õ߇√π‘π®–¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥
‡∑à“°—∫æ’‡Õ™ Ù.ı. ª≈àÕ¬‰«â Ú-Ù
™—«Ë ‚¡ß ‚ª√µ’π·≈–‰¢¡—π®–‡°“–°—π‡ªìπ
°âÕπ‡À𒬫·¢Áߥ⫬ƒ∑∏‘Ï°“√∑”ß“π
¢Õ߇√π‘π. º≈‘µº≈π’ȇ√’¬°«à“ §“°—«µ“
À√◊Õ ‡§Õ√嵧√’¡. °√Õ߇Փ‡§Õ√嵧√’¡
ÕÕ°. π”πÈ”∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ‰ª‡≈’Ȭß≈Ÿ°§«“¬
Õ“¬ÿ°àÕπ ˆ ‡¥◊Õπ‰¥â¥’ ·≈–·∫àß à«π
Àπ÷Ë߉«â‡µ‘¡„ππÈ”π¡ ‡µ√’¬¡∑”‡§Õ√åµ
§√’¡„π«—π√àÿߢ÷Èπ. °√–∫«π°“√µ√ßπ’È
ˆıˆ
·µà≈–‚√ßß“π®–¡’ Ÿµ√≈—∫¢Õßµπ‡Õß
¡—°®–‰¡à‡ªî¥‡º¬·°à°π— .  Ÿµ√π’¡È §’ «“¡
æ‘ ‡ »…∑’Ë ‡ ªì π  à « π∑’Ë ‡ ªì π √ ™“µ‘ ¢ Õß
¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–µ”√—∫πÈ”‡™◊ÈÕ
À¡—°ª√–®”µ√–°Ÿ≈ ¡—° ◊∫∑Õ¥°—π¡“
Ú-Û ™—Ë«§π.
¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√∑”¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“
𔧓°— « µ“¡“ — ∫ „Àâ ‡ ªì π ™‘È π ‡≈Á ° Ê
≈–‡Õ’¬¥‚¥¬‡§√◊ËÕßµ—¥ªÉπ ·≈–‡µ‘¡πÈ”
√âÕπ ˘ˆ Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬ . ™à“ߪíòπ‡π¬
·¢Áß®–„™â‰¡â§π¥â«¬§«“¡™”π“≠摇»…
®π‰¥â‡ âπ„¬‚ª√µ’π‡§‡ Õ’πÕâÿ¡‰¢¡—π
‰«â‡ªì𠓬„¬‡À𒬫πàÿ¡¿“¬„π‡«≈“
Ú-ı π“∑’. °“√§πµâÕß„™â·√ß ¡Ë”
‡ ¡Õ·≈–‰¡àÀ¬ÿ¥π‘Ë߇æ◊ËÕ„ÀâÕâÿ¡πÈ”·≈–
‰¢¡—πÕ¬à“ß ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ ·≈⫵—°πÈ” à«π
‡°‘πÕÕ°®“°‡ âπ„¬ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò).
¢—πÈ µÕπ°“√®—¥√Ÿª¡Õ´´“‡√≈-
≈“ À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“®—∫µ—«
°—π‡ªìπ°âÕπ ™à“ߪíòπ‡π¬®–π”‡¢â“ àŸ
‡§√◊Ë Õ ßÕ— ¥ °â Õ π°≈¡µ“¡·∫∫æ‘ ¡ æå
À√◊ Õ „™â ¡◊ Õ ªíô 𠇪ì π °â Õ πµ“¡¢π“¥∑’Ë
µâÕß°“√„ à≈ß„ππÈ”∏√√¡¥“ À√◊ÕπÈ”
‡°≈◊Õ Û ‡ªÕ√凴πµå ´÷Ëß·µà≈–¢π“¥
¡’™ÕË◊ ‡√’¬°µ“¡πÈ”Àπ—°¥—ßπ’È
- πÈ”Àπ—° Úı °√—¡ ‡√’¬°«à“
™‘≈’‡Õ®‘π“ (ciliegina)
- πÈ”Àπ—° ı °√—¡ ‡√’¬°«à“
‚∫≈‚≈π´‘‚π (bolloncino)
- πÈ”Àπ—° Úı °√—¡ ‡√’¬°«à“
¡Õ ´“‡√≈≈“ (mozzarella)
- πÈ”Àπ—° ı °√—¡ ‡√’¬°«à“
Õ‡«Õ√å –π“ (aversana)
‚√ßß“π¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√—«‚¡‡√‡ â¡’
°”≈—ߺ≈‘µ¥—ßπ’È
 “¡“√∂√—∫πÈ”π¡¥‘∫‰¥â«π— ≈– Ò
«‘∏’‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬π¡„À⇪ìπ∏ÿ√°‘®
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

° ¢

§ ß
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò
∑”¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“ ∑’Ë §“‡´øî‚™ µ“‡«π“ ‡æ𵓠¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√—«‚¡‡√‡ â
°. ‡§Õ√嵧√’¡ À√◊Õ §“°—«µ“ ∑’Ë®—∫µ—«‡ªìπ°âÕπ
¢. §“°—«µ“∑’Ëæ√âÕ¡®–ªíòπ‡ªìπ‡π¬·¢Áß¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“
§. ™à“ߪíòπ‡π¬·¢Áß °”≈—ߪíòπ¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“„ππÈ”√âÕπ ˘Ò Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬ 
ß. °“√Õ—¥°âÕπ¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√

µ—π ¡“®“°§«“¬π¡ Ù µ—« ¢Õß ˜ ·¡à, ¡’πÈ”π¡ ¥«—π≈– Òı µ—π.

ø“√å¡‚¡‡√‡ â‡Õß ´÷Ëß¡’§«“¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
˜ µ—« „π‡π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë ˘ ‰√à. √“§“π¡
¥‘ ∫ Ú,Ú ≈’/°‘‚≈°√—¡ „πƒ¥ŸÀπ“«
·≈– Ú,˜ ≈’/°‘‚≈°√—¡ „πƒ¥Ÿ√âÕπ.
πÈ”π¡§«“¬ ¥ Ù °‘‚≈°√—¡º≈‘µ¡Õ´-
´“‡√≈≈“‰¥â Ò °‘‚≈°√—¡.
√“¬‰¥â®“°°“√¢“¬º≈‘µ¿—≥±å
√’§Õµµ“ °‘‚≈°√—¡≈– ÒÚ, ≈’
= ÚÙ ∫“∑.
¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“ °‘ ‚ ≈°√— ¡ ≈–
Ú, ≈’ = Ù ∫“∑.
¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“ √¡§«—π °‘‚≈°√—¡
≈– ÚÒ, ≈’ = ÙÚ ∫“∑.
‚√ßß“π∫√‘…—∑§“¡ª“π“
Õ¬àŸ „ π®— ß À«— ¥ §“‡ √å µ “ ‡¢µ
‡¡◊Õ߇°à“§“¡æ“π“ (Campana) ‡ªìπ
∫√‘ …— ∑ ¢Õß Û æ’Ë πâ Õ ß´÷Ë ß ∑”ß“π‡ªì π
°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ§√∫«ß®√ Û ≈Ÿ°‚´à§Õ◊
®“°§«“¬ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ¡“ àŸ°“√‡°Á∫
 à ß πÈ” π¡§«“¬‡ªì π ≈Ÿ ° ‚´à ∑’Ë Ò, °“√
º≈‘µÕ“À“√·≈–∑àÿßÀ≠â“ ”À√—∫‡≈’Ȭß
§«“¬‡ªìπ≈Ÿ°‚´à∑’Ë Ú ·≈–°“√º≈‘µ‡π¬
·¢Áß ¥®“°πÈ”π¡§«“¬‡ªìπ≈Ÿ°‚´à∑’Ë Û
∂◊ Õ ‰¥â «à “ ‡ªì π ∫√‘ …— ∑ °“√º≈‘ µ ∑’Ë „ À≠à
∑’Ë ÿ¥„πª√–‡∑»Õ‘µ“≈’„π‡«≈“π’È §◊Õ ¡’
§«“¬„Àâπ¡ Û ·Ààß ·Ààß≈–ª√–¡“≥
·µà‚√ßß“π “¡“√∂º≈‘µ‰¥â«—π≈– Úı-
Û µ— π ®÷ ß ‡ªì π »Ÿ π ¬å √— ∫ ´◊È Õ π¡®“°
ø“√å¡¢π“¥‡≈Á°¥â«¬. √–∫∫°“√º≈‘µ
‡ªìπ‚√ßß“π∑’Ë¡’√–∫∫‡¢â“°√–∫«π°“√
º≈‘µ‡ªìπÕÿµ “À°√√¡‡µÁ¡√Ÿª.
¢—ÈπµÕπº≈‘µ√’§Õµµ“ πÈ”π¡
§«“¬ ¥ ª√— ∫ Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ „ Àâ ‰ ¥â Û¯
Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬  æ√âÕ¡µ’ªíòπ„À₪√µ’π
∑’Ë¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡∫“§◊Õ ·Õ≈∫Ÿ¡‘π ·≈–§√’¡
‡∫“ ≈Õ¬µ—«, ·≈â«°√Õߺà“π∂—ß ·µπ-
‡≈ ®–‰¥â√’§Õµµ“ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú ° & ¢).
¢—ÈπµÕπº≈‘µ‡§Õ√嵧√’¡ π”
πÈ” π¡∑’Ë ° √Õß√’ § Õµµ“ÕÕ°·≈â « ‡µ‘ ¡

¡≥’«√√≥ °¡≈æ—≤π–
ˆı˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

ß
°

¢
®

§
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú
°“√∑”¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“„π‚√ßß“π∫√‘…—∑§“¡ª“π“
°. °“√ªíòπ√’§Õµµ“
¢. °“√°√Õ߇Փ√’§Õµµ“ÕÕ°®“°πÈ”π¡°àÕππ”πÈ”π¡‰ªµ°µ–°Õπ‚ª√µ’π„À≥⇧Õ√嵧√’¡
§. °“√µ—¥ªÉπ‡§Õ√嵧√’¡ °àÕπ𔉪‡µ‘¡πÈ”√âÕπ ˘ı Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬ 
ß. ™à“ߪíòπ‡π¬¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“°”≈—ß∑”ß“π‡ªìπ∑’¡
®. °“√Õ—¥°âÕπ¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√À√◊Õªíôπ¥â«¬¡◊ÕÕ¬à“ß„π¿“æ≈à“ß

«‘∏’‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬π¡„À⇪ìπ∏ÿ√°‘®
ˆı¯

‡√π‘π —߇§√“–Àå∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥ (æ’
‡Õ™ Ù.ı) ª√–¡“≥ Ú π“∑’®–‰¥â
πÈ”π¡æ’‡Õ™ ˆ.ÒÙ. ®“°π—πÈ °Á‡µ‘¡·∫§-
∑’ ‡ √’ ¬ ®“°°√–‡æ“– — µ «å ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π  Ÿ µ √
‡©æ“–‡¢â“‰ª. ∑‘È߉«â Û-Ù ™—Ë«‚¡ß ®–
‰¥â⇧Õ√嵧√’¡ µ°µ–°ÕπÕ¬àŸ¢â“ß≈à“ß.
 à«π∫π„ ®–‡°Á∫‰ª‡ªìπÀ—«‡™◊ÈÕ„™â„π
«—π√àÿߢ÷Èπ, ·≈– à«πÀπ÷Ëß𔉪‡≈’Ȭß
≈Ÿ°§«“¬ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú §).
¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√º≈‘µ¡Õ´´“‡√≈-
≈“ 𔇧Õ√嵧√’¡¡“ —∫ªÉπ¥â«¬‡§√◊ÕË ß
„Àâ≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ¡’∂—߉¡â‡√’¬ß°—π Û ∂—ß ‡æ◊ËÕ
„Àâ™à“ߪíòπ‡π¬∑”∑’‡¥’¬«æ√âÕ¡°—π Û
§π ‡µ‘¡πÈ”√âÕπ ˘ı Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬  ÒÙˆ µ—« ‚¥¬¡’‡æ»Õ“¬ÿ∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π
®“°À¡âÕµâ¡πÈ” ·µπ‡≈ ∑’ªË √—∫Õÿ≥À-
¿Ÿ¡‘‰¥â (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú ß).
¢—πÈ µÕπ°“√Õ—¥°âÕπ„™â‡§√◊ÕË ß®—°√
¢π“¥ Úı °√—¡, ı °√—¡, Ò °√—¡,
Úı °√—¡ ·≈– ı °√—¡ ·™à„ππÈ”
À√◊Õ πÈ”‡°≈◊Õ Û% °Á‰¥â ∫√√®ÿ≈ß°≈àÕß
·≈–∂ÿßæ≈“ µ‘° (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú®).
∑’Ëπ’Ë¡’¢—ÈπµÕπµ√«® Õ∫§ÿ≥¿“æ
„Àâ ‰ ¥â ¡ “µ√∞“π°à Õ π∫√√®ÿ ° ≈à Õ ß à ß
µ≈“¥„πª√–‡∑» ·≈– à߉ª≠’˪Éÿπ·≈–
 À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“.
„π‚√ßß“π∫√‘…—∑§“¡ª“π“ ¡’
¡“µ√∞“π«à“πÈ”π¡§«“¬ ¥µàÕ¡Õ´-
´“‡√≈≈“‡∑à“°—∫ Ù.Ú:Ò À¡“¬§«“¡«à“
πÈ”π¡§«“¬ Ù.Ú °‘‚≈°√—¡ ®–º≈‘µ
¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“‰¥â Ò °‘‚≈°√—¡.
∫√‘ …— ∑ ¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√— « ‡¬¡¡“
(Jemma farm)
„™â¬’ËÀâÕ«à“ Ovoli Mozzarella
(Lupura) ¡’ Ú ¢π“¥ §◊Õ Ú °√—¡
·≈– ı °√—¡  à߉ªª√–‡∑»≠’˪Éÿπ
¡≥’«√√≥ °¡≈æ—≤π–
‡∑à“π—Èπ. ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ø“√å¡π’ȧ«“¬¡’
π¡¢âπ¡“° §◊Õ„™âπÈ”π¡§«“¬ Û.˜ı
°‘ ‚ ≈°√— ¡ º≈‘ µ ¡Õ´´“‡√≈≈“‰¥â Ò
°‘‚≈°√—¡.
°“√ √â“ßΩŸß§«“¬‰∑¬-§«“¬π¡
§«“¬‰∑¬ Ò ·¡àæ—π∏åÿ ¡’Õ—µ√“
°“√µ°≈Ÿ ° º ¡µ‘ ¥ Õ¬à “ ß¡“°∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ „π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‚¥¬„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¡“‚µ-
¡“µ‘¥ ‰¥âº≈‡∑à“°—∫√âÕ¬≈– ˜ı. ¥—ß
π—Èπ„π‡«≈“ Ò ªï ∂⓪√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ¥’
∑’ Ë ¥ÿ §◊Õ¡’™«à ßÀà“ß°“√µ°≈Ÿ° Òı ‡¥◊Õπ
®”π«π§«“¬„πªï∑’Ë Ò ®–¡’®”π«π
¥—ßπ’È
·¡àæ—π∏åÿ Ù˜ µ—«
§«“¬ “«∑¥·∑π Ò˘ µ—«
§«“¬ “«√àÿπ≈Ÿ°§«“¬ ÒÚ µ—«
§«“¬Àπÿà¡æàÕæ—π∏åÿ∑¥·∑π ıˆ µ—«
‡æ»ºâŸ ÒÚ µ—«
¥—ߪ√“°Ø„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ´÷Ëß¡’
¡Ÿ ≈ §à “ √«¡¢Õß — µ «å ∑—È ß À¡¥‡∑à “ °— ∫
Ú.˘˜ˆ ≈â“π∫“∑.
∂â“¡’·¡àæπ— ∏åÿ Ò ·¡à „π‡«≈“ Ò
ªï ·≈–„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¡“‚µ¡“µ‘¥ ¡’
Õ—µ√“µ°≈Ÿ°√âÕ¬≈– ˜ı ®–ª√“°Ø‡ªìπ
ø“√塧«“¬∑’Ë √â“ß√–∫∫Õÿµ “À°√√¡
°‘®°“√§«“¬π¡‰¥âµ—«‡≈¢§“¥§–‡π¥—ß
ª√“°Ø„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú ´÷Ëß¡’¡Ÿ≈§à“√«¡
¢Õß —µ«å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‡∑à“°—∫ Ú˘.˜ˆÒ
≈â“π∫“∑ ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¡“®“°·¡à§«“¬ Ò
µ—« ∑’Ë¡’™à«ßÀà“ß°“√µ°≈Ÿ° Òı ‡¥◊Õπ.
§«“¡§“¥À«— ß °“√∑”∏ÿ √ °‘ ®
§«“¬π¡
®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ·≈– Ú §π‰∑¬∑’Ë
ˆı˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‡¢â“‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬·≈–§‘¥®–‡≈’Ȭß
§«“¬π¡§«√®–µâÕߧ‘¥«à“ ∂â“„π Ò ªï
¡’·¡à§«“¬„Àâπ¡‰¥â ı ·¡à ·≈–„Àâ
π¡‡∑à“°—∫«—π≈– Ò °‘‚≈°√—¡/µ—« ®–
‰¥âπ¡ ı µ—π  ”À√—∫∑”‡π¬·¢Á߉¥â
Ò.Ú µ—π. ¥—ßπ—Èπ√“¬‰¥âª√–®”«—π®–
‰¥â√“§“°‘‚≈°√—¡≈– ÙÚ ∫“∑ √«¡¡’
√“¬‰¥âµÕà «—πª√–¡“≥ ıÙ, ∫“∑.
®÷ßπà“§‘¥«à“ °“√‡≈’¬È ߧ«“¬∑’‡Ë ªìπ
·¡à§«“¬π¡ ı ·¡à À“°¡’§«“¬„π
ø“√塪√–¡“≥ ˜-Ò, µ—« ®–
µâÕß¡’§à“„™â®à“¬Õ¬à“߉√, °“√∫√‘À“√
®—¥°“√®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√. §π‡≈’Èà¬ß®÷ßµâÕß
‡¢â“‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬‡æ◊ËÕ‡√’¬π√⟰“√
∑”∏ÿ√°‘®¥â“ππ’È. „πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Û ‡ªì π
√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥°“√‡≈’¬È ß·¡à§«“¬π¡ ı
·¡à ®“°§«“¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ˜ µ—« ¢Õß
ø“√å¡ ‚¡‡√‡ â„πª√–‡∑»Õ‘µ“≈’ æÕ®–
„Àâ¢âÕ§‘¥°—∫ºâŸ π„®®–≈ß∑ÿπ°‘®°“√π’È
‰¥â§¥‘ «à“ §«“¬·¡àæπ— ∏å„ÿ Àâπ¡ °‘πÕ“À“√
·≈–°“√®—¥°“√ø“√å¡®–‡≈’Ȭß≈Ÿ°§«“¬
 “«∑¥·∑πÕ’°ª√–¡“≥ Ú-ı
µ—« ®–¡’§“à „™â®“à ¬‡ªìπ§à“Õ“À“√‡∑à“„¥.
ºâŸ‡¢’¬π¢Õ™’Èπ”«à“√“¬‰¥âª√–®”«—ππà“
®–‰¥â ¥—ßπ’È
Ò. √“¬‰¥â®“°§«“¬‡æ»ºâŸ §◊Õ
§«“¬æàÕæ—π∏åÿ ¢“¬‰¥â√“§“¥’ √’¥πÈ”
‡™◊ÕÈ ¢“¬‰¥â.
Ú. √“¬‰¥â®“°§«“¬‡æ»ºâŸ§«“¬
‡π◊ÈÕ®“°µ—«ºâŸ∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ§——¥ÕÕ°.
Û. ∑”√“¬‰¥â®“°¡Ÿ≈§«“¬„™â∑”
ªÜÿ¬.
Ù. √“¬‰¥â À ≈— ° ®“°º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å
‡π¬·≈–‡π¬·¢Áß ¥.
¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡À≈à “ π’È ‡ ªì π °“√∫â “ π„π
‚√߇√’¬π‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬∑’˵âÕߙ૬°—𧑥
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

™à « ¬°— π ∑”¢÷È π ¡“„π™à « ß∑’Ë ‡ »√…∞°‘ ® ø“ßµÕπ‡¬Áππ—Èπ ®–‡ªìπ‰ª¬“°¡“°∑’Ë ‡µÁ¡√Ÿª„π ı ªï¢â“ßÀπâ“°Á¬—߉¡à “¬

‰∑¬µâ Õ ßøóô π øŸ · ≈–Õ“»— ¬ ¿Ÿ ¡‘ ªí ≠ ≠“
™“«π“ ·≈–°“√∑’Ë¿“§Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“µâÕß
¢¬“¬‚Õ°“ ‰ª¥Ÿ·≈¿“§™π∫∑.
°‘ ® °“√‡≈’È ¬ ߧ«“¬π¡‡ªì π ß“π
À≈— ° ∑’Ë À π— ° ¡“°„𠓬µ“§π‰∑¬∑’Ë
‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ §◊Õª≈àÕ¬„Àâ
§«“¬À“°‘π‡Õßµ“¡‰À≈à∑“ß ·∑–‡≈Á¡
À≠⓵“¡∑’Ë«à“߇ª≈à“ ·≈–‡ √‘¡¥â«¬
®–‰¥â≈Ÿ°§«“¬ Ò µ—« ∑ÿ°Ê Òı ‡¥◊Õπ
·≈–¬—ß “¡“√∂„ÀâπÈ”π¡‰¥â«—π≈– Ò
°°. ‚®∑¬åÀ«— ¢âÕπ’È ‡ªìπ‡√◊ÕË ßµâÕ߇√’¬π√âŸ
·≈–ª√—∫ª√ÿß«‘∏’‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ ºâŸ‡¢’¬π§‘¥
«à“‰¡à¬“°‡æ√“–«—«π¡§π‰∑¬°Áª√—∫
µ— « ‡≈’È ¬ ß¡“‰¥â ª √– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á ® ·≈â «
·¡â«à“®–„™â‡«≈“°«à“ ı ªï∑’˺à“π¡“
°Áµ“¡. ∂ⓧ«“¬π¡®–‡°‘¥‡ªìπ∏ÿ√°‘®
‡°‘π√Õ ‡æ√“–‡√Á«°«à“ª√–‡∑»Õ‘µ“≈’
‡ ’¬¥â«¬´È”∑’„Ë ™â‡«≈“¡“∂÷ß«—ππ’µÈ ß—È Û
ªï ®÷ß¡’§«“¬„Àâπ¡‰¥â«—π≈– Ú-Úı
°‘‚≈°√—¡. √“¬°“√„ÀâÕ“À“√§«“¬∑’Ë
 —¡¿“…≥宓°π“¬¬Ÿ‡ ª‡ªÑ ‚¡‡√‡ â
„π®—ßÀ«—¥‡ √“‚π · ¥ß‰«â„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë
Û.

Abstract Rearing Dairy Buffaloes for the Milk Business

Maneewan Kamonpatana
Associate Member, the Academy of Science, the Royal Institute, Thailand
Thailand as a country in the “Monsoon Region” has been referred to as a rice paddy: not only is
it a leading exporter of rice, Thailand is also one of the richest food-producing countries in the
world. Water buffaloes are closely connected with Thailand’s rice culture, which is related to the
spiritual security of rural people, particularly farmers. The establishment of the “Buffalo-Rearing
School”, or as it is called in short the “Buffalo School” was intended to conserve the rice culture and
at the same time to develop buffalo production so as to improve livestock breeds available to farm-
ers. The twenty-first century is a good time for Thai farmers to control the price of buffaloes in order
to sustain the rural economy. Thai buffaloes, as a breed that thrives in swampy conditions, possess
the potential to be developed as dairy producers. Dairy buffaloes produce milk of high quality,
which is used to produce mozzarella cheese. This is a good business for providing farmers with a
higher income. Therefore, the Buffalo School will be a place for the incubation and integration of
local wisdom with new technologies to meet concurrent developments in the business world. The
Buffalo School is intended to advance the foundation of the buffalo-rearing industry in addition to
the role it plays in Thailand’s rice culture. The Buffalo School is also intended to produce a multiple
impact known as Three in One: i.e. Three elements (education, economy and social development) will
be integrated into One (the buffalo-rearing profession).
Key words : buffalo-rearing school, dairy buffalo, buffalo industry

«‘∏’‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬π¡„À⇪ìπ∏ÿ√°‘®
ˆˆ
 ¡≥’«√√≥ °¡≈æ—≤π–
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ‰¥â≈Ÿ°‡æ»ºâŸ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬Õ¬à“ß≈–√âÕ¬≈– ı
™à«ßÀà“ß ·¡à§«“¬ ®”π«π§«“¬‡æ»ºâŸ (µ—«) ®”π«π§«“¬‡æ»‡¡’¬ (µ—«) √«¡ √«¡‡ªìπ‡ß‘π ¡Ÿ≈§à“‡æ‘Ë¡
Û Û
°“√µ°≈Ÿ° ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ √àÿπ‡≈Á° √àÿπ„À≠à §«“¬ “«∑¥·∑π ·¡à§«“¬ ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ×Ò ∫“∑ ×Ò ∫“∑

(‡¥◊Õπ) (µ—«) (Ò-ÒÚ ¥.) (>ÒÚ ¥.) √àÿπ‡≈Á° √Õº ¡ ∑âÕß √Õº ¡ ∑âÕß (µ—«)
Û Û Û Û Û Û Û
ı×Ò ∫“∑/µ—« Úı×Ò ∫“∑/µ—« ı×Ò ∫“∑/µ—« Òı×Ò ∫“∑/µ—« Ú×Ò ∫“∑/µ—« Ú×Ò ∫“∑/µ—« Úı×Ò ∫“∑/µ—«
Òı Ò ÒÚ ıˆ ÒÚ ÒÙ ı Ò Û˜ ÒÙ¯ Ú,˘˜ˆ Ò,Ûˆ¯
Òˆ Ò ÒÚ ıÛ ÒÚ ÒÙ ˜ ÚÛ Ò˘ ÒÙ Ú,˜Ò˜ Ò,Ò¯
Ò˜ Ò ˜ ı ˜ ÒÒ ÒÒ ÒÒ Ú˜ ÒÚÛ Ú,ı¯ Ú,ı¯

ˆˆÒ
Ò¯ Ò Ò ÙÚ Ò ı ˘ Ò Û˜ ÒÒˆ Ú,Û˜Ú ˜ˆÙ
Ò˘ Ò ÒÙ Û˘ ÒÙ ÒÒ  Û¯  ÒÒˆ Ú,Ú˜ ÙÒ¯
Ú Ò ÒÙ Û˘ ÒÙ ÒÒ  Û¯  ÒÒˆ Ú,Ú˜ ÙÒ¯
ÚÒ Ò Û Û˘ Û ÒÒ Ù ÚÙ Ò ˘Ù Ò,˘ˆ˘ ÛˆÒ
ÚÚ Ò ˜ Ûı ˜ ˜ Ù Úı ˘ ˘Ù Ò,¯¯Ú Ú˜Û
ÚÛ Ò Ù Ûı Ù ˜ ¯ ÒÒ Ò˘ ¯¯ Ò,¯˜ ÚˆÚ
ÚÙ Ò Ò Ú˘ Ò ı Ù Úˆ Ù ¯¯ Ò,ˆ˘ 
À¡“¬‡Àµÿ °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ„Àⷡ৫“¬¡’™à«ßÀà“ß°“√µ°≈Ÿ°Õ¬àŸ√–À«à“ß Òı-Ò¯ ‡¥◊Õπ ®–¡’º≈º≈‘µ Ÿß ÿ¥. ·µàµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘°“√‡≈’Ȭ߄π√–∫∫‰√àπ“ ®–¡’·¡à§«“¬∫“ßµ—«¡’™à«ßÀà“ß¡“°°«à“ Ò¯ ‡¥◊Õπ ®π∂÷ß ÚÙ ‡¥◊Õπ ®÷ß°”Àπ¥«à“ ÚÙ
‡¥◊Õ𠇪ìπ∞“π¢—ÈπµË” ÿ¥. ‡¡◊ËÕª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ‰¥â¡Ÿ≈§à“‡æ‘Ë¡®“°∞“π™à«ßÀà“ß°“√µ°≈Ÿ° ÚÙ ‡¥◊Õπ §◊Õ‡ªì𰔉√¢Õß°“√º≈‘µ√–¬– Ò ªï·√°. ∑—Èßπ’È ¢÷Èπ°—∫»—°¬¿“æ¢Õß·µà≈–ø“√å¡ ∑’Ë®–º ¡æ—π∏åÿ„Àⷡ৫“¬¡’™à«ßÀà“ß°“√µ°≈Ÿ°°’Ë
‡¥◊Õπ.
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
 Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú ‰¥â≈Ÿ°‡æ»ºâŸ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬Õ¬à“ß≈–√âÕ¬≈– ı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

™à«ßÀà“ß ·¡à§«“¬ ®”π«π§«“¬‡æ»ºâŸ (µ—«) ®”π«π§«“¬‡æ»‡¡’¬ (µ—«) √«¡ √«¡‡ªìπ‡ß‘π ¡Ÿ≈§à“‡æ‘Ë¡

Û Û
°“√µ°≈Ÿ° ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ √àÿπ‡≈Á° √àÿπ„À≠à §«“¬ “«∑¥·∑π ·¡à§«“¬ ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ×Ò ∫“∑ ×Ò ∫“∑

(‡¥◊Õπ) (µ—«) (Ò-ÒÚ ¥.) (>ÒÚ ¥.) √àÿπ‡≈Á° √Õº ¡ ∑âÕß √Õº ¡ ∑âÕß (µ—«)
Û Û Û Û Û Û Û
ı×Ò ∫“∑/µ—« Úı×Ò ∫“∑/µ—« ı×Ò ∫“∑/µ—« Òı×Ò ∫“∑/µ—« Ú×Ò ∫“∑/µ—« Ú×Ò ∫“∑/µ—« Úı×Ò ∫“∑/µ—«
Òı Ò ÒÚÙ ıˆÙ ÒÚÙ ÒÛ˘ ıÛ Ò Û˜Ò Ò,Ù˜ı Ú˘,˜ˆÒ ÒÛ,ˆ˜ˆ
Òˆ Ò ÒÚÙ ıÚˆ ÒÚÙ ÒÛ˘ ˜Ú ÚÚı Ò˘ Ò,Ù Ú˜,Òˆ˜ ÒÒ,¯Ú
Ò˜ Ò ˜Ò Ù˘ı ˜Ò Ò¯ Ò˘ Òı Ú˜Ú Ò,ÚÛÒ Úı,˜˘˜ Úı.˜˘˜
Ò¯ Ò ÒÙ ÙÚÙ ÒÙ ıÛ ˘Ù ı Û˜Ú Ò,Òıˆ ÚÛ,˜ÚÚ ˜,ˆÛ˜

ˆˆÚ
Ò˘ Ò ÒÙÒ Û¯˜ ÒÙÒ ÒÒ  Û˜˜  Ò,Òıˆ Ú,Úˆ¯ Ù,Ò¯Û
Ú Ò ÒÙÒ Û¯˜ ÒÙÒ ÒÒ  Û˜˜  Ò,Òıˆ Ú.Úˆ¯ Ù,Ò¯Û
ÚÒ Ò ÛÙ Û¯˜ ÛÙ ÒÒ Û¯ ÚÙ Ò ˘ÙÛ Ò˘,ˆ˘Ò Û,ˆˆ
ÚÚ Ò ˜Ò ÛÙ˘ ˜Ò ˜Ú Û¯ Úı ˘ ˘ÙÒ Ò¯,¯Òı Ú,˜Û
ÚÛ Ò Û˘ ÛÙ˘ Û˘ ˜Ú ¯ Òı Ò˘Ú ¯˜˜ Ò¯,˜ Ú,ˆÒı
ÚÙ Ò ˘ˆ Ú˘Û ˘ˆ ıÛ ÙÚ Úıı ÙÚ ¯˜˜ Òˆ,¯ı 
À¡“¬‡Àµÿ °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ„Àⷡ৫“¬¡’™à«ßÀà“ß°“√µ°≈Ÿ°Õ¬àŸ√–À«à“ß Òı-Ò¯ ‡¥◊Õπ ®–¡’º≈º≈‘µ Ÿß ÿ¥. ·µàµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘°“√‡≈’Ȭ߄π√–∫∫‰√àπ“ ®–¡’·¡à§«“¬∫“ßµ—«¡’™à«ßÀà“ß¡“°°«à“ Ò¯ ‡¥◊Õπ ®π∂÷ß ÚÙ ‡¥◊Õπ ®÷ß°”Àπ¥«à“ ÚÙ
‡¥◊Õ𠇪ìπ∞“π¢—ÈπµË” ÿ¥. ‡¡◊ËÕª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ‰¥â¡Ÿ≈§à“‡æ‘Ë¡®“°∞“π™à«ßÀà“ß°“√µ°≈Ÿ° ÚÙ ‡¥◊Õπ §◊Õ‡ªì𰔉√¢Õß°“√º≈‘µ√–¬– Ò ªï·√°. ∑—Èßπ’È ¢÷Èπ°—∫»—°¬¿“æ¢Õß·µà≈–ø“√å¡ ∑’Ë®–º ¡æ—π∏åÿ„Àⷡ৫“¬¡’™à«ßÀà“ß°“√µ°≈Ÿ°°’Ë
‡¥◊Õπ.

«‘∏’‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬π¡„À⇪ìπ∏ÿ√°‘®
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û °“√‡≈’ȬߥŸ§«“¬ ˜ µ—« ¢Õßø“√塧√Õ∫§√—«‚¡‡√‡ â „π‡π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë ˘ ‰√à ¡’°“√„ÀâÕ“À“√µàÕº≈º≈‘µπÈ”π¡¥—ßπ’È

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥°“√®—¥°“√·≈–º≈∑’ˉ¥â
Ò. §«“¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ˜ µ—«
Ú. æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„™â‡≈’Ȭߧ«“¬ ˘ ‰√à
Û. ·¡à§«“¬„Àâπ¡ Ù µ—«
Ù. º≈º≈‘µπÈ”π¡ Ú-Úı °°./µ—«/«—π
ı. º≈º≈‘µπÈ”π¡√«¡∑—Èßø“√å¡ Ò, °°.
ˆ. Õ“À“√ ¥ Ú °°./µ—«/«—π
(À≠â“ ¥ + µâπ¡—πΩ√—Ëß „πÕ—µ√“ ˆ ‡∑à“¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°µ—«) ·¡à§«“¬¡’πÈ”Àπ—°µ—«‡©≈’ˬ ˆ °°.
˜. Õ“À“√¢âπ „Àâª√–¡“≥ Ú-Û °°./µ—« ‚¥¬¡’‚ª√µ’π√âÕ¬≈– Ò-ÒÙ
¯. Õ“À“√·Àâß À≠â“·Àâß ∂—«Ë ·Àâß ·≈–‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‚楇°Á∫„π‰´‚≈¢π“¥„À≠à Ú À≈—ß  “¡“√∂‡æ‘¡Ë ‡ √‘¡‰¥âµ≈Õ¥ªï
˘. Õ“À“√À¡—° ∑”®“°À≠â“À¡—° ‡ª≈◊Õ°¡–‡¢◊Õ‡∑» ·≈–‡»…·Õª‡ªî≈ „™â‡ √‘¡µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“∑—Èߪï

¡≥’«√√≥ °¡≈æ—≤π–
ˆˆÛ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

Commercialization of the Pramote Chaiyavech

Associate Member,
Worldûs First Oleflex Unit* the Academy of Science
The Royal Institute

Propylene has been and still

Purposive propylene production via catalytic dehydro-
genation of propane on a commercial scale unit was attempted is an important by-product of
for the first time in early 1990 when the UOP-designed first steam cracking and catalytic crack-
Oleflex unit went on stream at NPC, Thailand. Prior to that ing operations. In general, propy-
time, propylene was simply a by-product of other processes,
i.e. naphtha-based steam cracker and fluid catalytic cracker. lene demand can be met from
The situation in Thailand at that time, with no naphtha-based these two sources of supply, thanks
steam cracker and only a small catalytic cracker in the country,
called for a purposive propylene production route to satisfy
to the increasing capacity of the
the demand for propylene. The UOP propane dehydrogena- two processes. Propylene price for
tion process was therefore chosen and the Thai Oleflex Unit chemical industry use usually fol-
became the first commercial scale propane dehydrogenation
unit. Some problems were encountered during the initial stage lows its value as alkylate feedstock,
of operation. With the joint effort between the UOP support which is an alternative outlet of
team and NPC technical staff, the problems were resolved to
propylene in the oil industry. The
the satisfaction of the owner. The solutions applied included
changes and modifications of certain hardware, modification price of gasoline thus has an im-
to certain operating conditions, and a change to new versions portant influence on the propy-
of catalyst with better performance. In addition, UOP’s com-
mitment to improve the stability and selectivity of the Oleflex lene price in the market. As a re-
catalyst resulted in the availability of several new versions of sult, the propylene price has been
catalyst over the years and NPC has enjoyed the benefits of
kept low most of the time, espe-
these improvements. Over some 10 years of operation with
over 3,200 days on-stream, NPC has operated on four versions cially in the United States.
of Oleflex catalyst and has noted improvement of each new For locations which are short
version over the previous ones. Five batches of catalyst have
been loaded on the unit. Regrettably, in spite of the technical of propylene, such as in the Far
success in operating the unit, the many changes in the eco- East, purposive propylene produc-
nomic picture and climate of the country and the region have tion via catalytic dehydrogenation
resulted in the decline of the profitability of the unit. Although
the return is well below the expectation, it is still economical of propane can become a viable
to keep the unit in operation. The paper describes the various alternative, subject to the existing
operating experiences and the performance data of the unit,
including the catalyst performance. The catalyst life in gen-
economic conditions. This was the
eral significantly exceeded expectation. The economic perfor- case for Thailand in 1985. The
mance of the unit over the year is also included. discovery of natural gas in the Gulf
Key words : commercialization, the World First Oleflex of Thailand provided the country
Unit
with ethane and propane (E/P)
*Presented at the 223rd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Orlando, while the demand for ethylene and
Florida, USA, April 8, 2002 propylene was rapidly increasing.
ACS Award in Industrial Chemistry in Honor of Bipin V. Vora Session. A gas-based olefin plant was thus

Commercialization of the Worldûs First Oleflex Unit

ˆˆÙ

planned for the production of
315,000 tons per annum (tpa) of
ethylene and 105,000 tpa of pro-
pylene. Although an E/P cracker
could have been chosen, inad-
equate availability of propane
ruled out this alternative. The pro-
pane dehydrogenation route giv-
ing a very high propylene yield was
the only way to use the valuable
propane for producing propylene.
Two propane dehydrogenation
processes were available for licens-
ing at that time, both with no com-
mercial plant experience. UOP
Oleflex process was selected by
NPC, and plant construction was
completed at the end of 1989. The
start-up of the NPC’s oleflex in
early 1990 marked the first opera-
tion of a commercial scale propane
dehydrogenation unit in the
world.
The Operating Experience
It is quite normal that, in op-
erating a new process with a new
design, one has to go through a
learning curve to get to the desired
target, solving any teething prob-
lems along the way. Corrections
and modifications are usually un-
avoidable. This was particularly
the case for NPC, which had no
previous experience from other
plants on which to rely.
The chemical equation for
propane dehydrogenation to pro-
pylene looks quite simple. How-
ever, to put it to work is no simple
matter. The severe themodynamic
equilibrium limitation of the reac-
tion pushes the required operat-
Pramote Chaiyavech
ing temperature to a high level
coupled with the need for an ac-
tive and selective catalyst. The
high severity of the operation gives
rise to several undersirable side re-
actions, both thermal and catalytic,
leading to several forms of coke de-
posited on catalyst and equipment.
Understanding these side reac-
tions is of paramount importance
for the success of the process. To
take care of the coked catalyst, con-
tinuous regeneration is required.
The Oleflex unit thus consists of
four radial flow moving bed reac-
tors together with the UOP CCR
system (Fig. 1). The process set-
up is very similar to the world fa-
mous UOP CCR Platforming pro-
cess. However, the high-severity
environment (reactor inlet tem-
peratures 650 ˚C and 1 kg/cm2g
reactor outlet pressure) required
gave rise to several new unique
problems of their own, encompass-
ing mechanical, metallurgical, pro-
cess and operational aspects.
Fortunately UOP is well
equipped with a pool of highly
knowledgeable experts well versed
in all aspects of the technology,
supported by modern research fa-
cilities. The UOP support team
for the Oleflex operation was of
first class quality, particularly in the
problem solving area. They
worked hand in hand with NPC
Technical and Engineering staff
and jointly came up with the re-
quired solutions in a speedy man-
ner, thanks to the support of both
UOP and NPC management as
well as the construction contractor,
ˆˆı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
without which the correction work
could not be as effective.
Table 1 lists the major opera-
tional highlights of NPC’s Oleflex.
Several incidents occurred during
the first year of operation, requir-
ing immediate correction. Later
modifications are for process im-
provements carried out at properly
planned periods. Several lessons
have been learned through these
experiences. The more important
ones will be discussed below.
1. Void blowing January 16,
1990 was the date of the initial
start-up of the Oleflex unit and on-
grade propylene was produced on
January 19. However on Feb. 16,
1990 while the feed rate was 96 per
cent of design, the temperature
drop across Reactor 2 suddenly de-
creased and it was not possible to
transfer catalyst from Reactor 1 to
Reactor 2. Pressure drop across
Reactor 3 increased sharply, neces-
sitating unit shut-down. Inspec-
tion revealed a reactor screen de-
fect allowing passage of catalyst
into the feed inlet area during
shutdown. At each re-start the feed
pushed back the catalyst chips
against the screen partially blind-
ing the screen cumulatively. With
less open area for the feed flow, the
feed velocity through the catalyst
area increased to a point that a
void was created in the catalyst bed,
blocking the flow of the catalyst.
The high velocity attrited and
turned catalyst into chips and fines
and transported them to the next
reactor. Figure 2 shows the cata-
lyst flow through the internal parts
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

Fig. 1
Oleflex catalyst regeneration section

of the reactor. Reactor 3 screen

Table 1 Operational highligh
was severely blocked causing exces-
January 1990 Initial start-up with 1st batch of DEH-6 sive pressure drop. The screen de-
February 1990 Void blowing fect was probably caused by un-
June 1990 Loss of sulfur injection-coking problem (clean and repair known impact to the spot. After
screens) the screen was repaired and the
December 1990 Catalyst deactivation by CO (apply PSA-H2 in April 1991) damaged part replaced, the unit
April 1991 Catalyst change on the fly to DEH-6 2nd batch was brought back on line. Reac-
February 1992 Switch to DEH-8 catalyst, install electric heater at surge tor pressure drop recorders and
alarms were installed on all reac-
pot and change screen material to SS 347
tors for early detection of impend-
May 1993 Replace HCFE
ing problems.
February 1994 Add Rx effluent cooler and replace cold box
2. Coking problems
January 1995 Catalyst change on the fly to DEH-10 a) Soot Coke Formation-Loss
August 1996 Catalyst collector cracked by PTA (material change to of Sulfur Injection
347 in 1997) Following the Void
April 1998 Change catalyst to DEH-12 after a major turnaround Blowing problems, the unit was re-
January 2002 Lastest major turnaround DEH-12 kept in operation paired and put back in operation
on May 17, 1990. While the unit

Commercialization of the Worldûs First Oleflex Unit

ˆˆˆ

Fig. 2
Catalyst flow
was adjusted to the design level on
June 3, 1990 sulfur injection into
the feed was interrupted on two
separate occasions as a result of
blockage of the injection line. The
unit remained in operation with-
out sulfur for some four hours
each time during the injection line
clearing operation. The reactor
pressure drop increase was noted
and later soot coke was found in
catalyst samples. The pressure
drop increase was highest in Reac-
tor 3 which finally reached the void
blowing zone. The unit was shut
Pramote Chaiyavech
down July 12 for inspection and
screen cleaning. Sulfur injection
is intended to prevent exposure of
the metal surface to Olefin mol-
ecules at high temperature by pro-
viding iron sulfide film on the sur-
face. Olefin will react with free or
open iron molecules, pulling iron
out from the wall. Additional ole-
fins continue to add on this coke
particle which eventually drops off
in rod form. Sulfur injection is
therefore extremely important. To
ensure uninterrupted sulfur injec-
tion a double injection system was
installed with a spare. Alternative
injection point and low flow alarm
were also added.
b) Thermal Coke and Coke
Precursors.
In spite of the tight con-
trol of the sulfur injection and the
disappearance of soot coke in cata-
lyst samples, problems with the re-
actor pressure drop increase con-
tinued, albeit at a much lower rate.
It was noted that the presence of
even a small amount of C4’s in the
feed also caused a pressure drop
increase due to thermal coke and
Heavies formation. Olefins also
behave the same way as coke pre-
cursors. Stricter control of C4’s
and Heaviers in feed was thus
implemented. Later on the MA-
PD converter unit treating the pro-
pane recycle stream was switched
to complete hydrogenation opera-
tion to eliminate any olefins in
feed. Positive results were ob-
tained. Notwithstanding the
above-mentioned fouling of the re-
actor screens by coke and Heavies
ˆˆ˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
persisting, more measures are re-
quired if a long on-stream time is
to be achieved.
3. Metallurgical problems
a) Carburization and Corro-
sion
During the screen-
cleaning shut down in 1990, met-
allurgical inspection of the entire
system was carried out. Carburiza-
tion and corrosive attack were dis-
covered in several areas, particu-
larly within the reaction zones.
The high temperature environ-
ment coupled with the severe coke
deposition on the metal surface
induced these problems. The cor-
rosion was mostly of the under-
deposits type. To withstand the re-
actor environment better, it was be-
lieved that the screen material
should be changed from SS 304 to
SS 347. This was effected in 1992.
b) Thermal Stress and Ther-
mal Cycling
The temperature pro-
file inside the reactor developed
thermal stress on metal during op-
eration. With the aid of a com-
puter program, it was discovered
that the reactor basket was not
strong enough to withstand the
thermal stress developed. More
stiffening rods were added to
strengthen the basket. In addition,
it was discovered that the thermal
cycling resulting from the transfer
of relatively cold catalyst through
the hot reactor contributed signifi-
cantly to the stress problem, par-
ticularly at high catalyst circulation
rate. Catalyst heat-up zones to in-
crease catalyst temperature before
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
entering reactor internals were
added by installing an electric
heater at the surge pot in 1992. In
addition, a system for trickle mode
operation of the catalyst circula-
tion was provided to limit the cata-
lyst circulation rate during the
start-up after a quick shut-down,
such as a compressor trip. This is
to prevent a hoop stress problem.
4. Polythionic acid attack
Stainless steel is susceptible to
polythionic attack. The standard
procedure is to neutralize the
equipment to remove the acidic
sulfide prior to opening to the at-
mosphere. In the case of equip-
ment heavily fouled by coke de-
posit as was the case of Oleflex re-
actor, the standard procedure was
not effective since the neutraliza-
tion solution could not get under
the deposit. An additional step
had to be added, i.e. hydrogen
stripping of the reactor system
prior to the neutralization.
5. Impact of Heavies on heat
exchangers Although the amount
of Heavies formed in the C 3 -
Oleflex was much less than the C4-
ones, it was enough to cause prob-
lems in the downstream heat ex-
changers and coolers. For the hot
combined feed heat exchangers,
coke penetrated the small opening
between the tubes and the
tubesheet, eventually causing tube
leaks. They had to be replaced by
new ones with tubes welded to the
tube sheet on both sides of the
sheet. As for the Reactor Effluent
Coolers, fouling by Heavies limited
the effective heat exchanger duty.
More cooler surface had to be
added.
Catalyst Performance and De-
velopment
1. Catalyst deactivation by
carbon monoxide (CO) The
phenomenon of catalyst deactiva-
tion was discovered only a few
months after a steady operation of
the unit, i.e. December 1990. The
catalyst did not readily respond to
the process; variable changes and
catalyst poisoning was suspected.
A rush research program in the
UOP lab finally established that
the presence of CO in the hydro-
gen recycle stream used for reduc-
ing the metal oxides at the catalyst
reduction step was responsible for
poisoning the metal function of
the catalyst. The presence of CO
at the level found in hydrogen re-
cycle gas will not cause any prob-
lem in other parts of the reactor
system. Arrangement to supply
PSA hydrogen to the reduction
zone was made during the first
quarter of 1991 and the CO-dam-
aged catalyst was subsequently re-
placed by a new DEH-6 batch in
April 1991.
2. DEH-8 Development The
new DEH-6 batch, however, did
not live up to expectation. The
catalyst performance was inad-
equate and catalyst activity decline
was noted in successive months of
operation. UOP accelerated their
catalyst development program and
a reformulated catalyst, DEH-6B,
became available early 1992. The
catalyst was renamed DEH-8 which
Commercialization of the Worldûs First Oleflex Unit
ˆˆ¯
was to become the standard cata-
lyst for all Oleflex units. NPC
loaded DEH-8 catalyst into its unit
in April 1992. DEH-8 was proven
to be a stable catalyst. The catalyst
activity decline with time was much
slower that had been the case with
the other catalysts.
3. DEH-10 development
UOP research, in the meantime,
gained more understanding of the
platinum/attenuator interaction
and the deactivation mechanism.
New formulations of catalyst were
developed, aiming at the reduc-
tion of platinum content as well as
those of modifier and attenuator.
The low platinum content not only
makes the catalyst cheaper, but
also reduces the Heavies forma-
tion. The first in the series of the
new catalysts was DEH-10. At the
time of the announcement of the
DEH-10 catalyst, the performance
of DEH-8 in NPC unit was still
satisfactory. NPC, however, stud-
ied and followed the progress of
DEH-10 used in other units. At the
end of 1994 the performance of
DEH-8 dropped off rather sharply
and DEH-10 was loaded on the fly
replacing DEH-8 in January 1995.
Normally the operating conditions
of the unit at the beginning of run
and the end of run are practically
the same. The selectivity decline
determines the acceptable limit of
the catalyst life.
4. DEH-12 development
Further improvement in catalyst
formulation resulted in the avail-
ability of DEH-12 catalyst with fur-
ther reduction in platinum and at-

tenuator contents. The develop-
ment was primarily aimed at the
reduction of Heavies formation as
well as the increase of on-stream
time. The new catalyst was dis-
cussed at the 1997 Oleflex confer-
ence. Again the performance of
the DEH-10 catalyst in the unit was
still satisfactory. The switch-over
to DEH-12 at NPC was carried out
in April 1998 with satisfactory re-
sults.
Figures 3, 4, 5 show the
performance of DEH-8, DEH-10,
and DEH-12 catalyst on the NPC
unit. The slower selectivity decline
of the newer catalyst version con-
tributed significantly to the longer
catalyst life and the improved eco-
nomics of the operation. The cycle
length is not limited by the cata-
Fig. 3
C3 propylene yield comparison (%wt.)
Pramote Chaiyavech
lyst activity but by the maximum
allowable reactor pressure drop.
The current DEH-12 batch has
been in service for some three
years and it is still in good condi-
tion. It is expected that this batch
can last 1-2 years longer than had
previously been the case.
5. DEH-14 catalyst DEH-14
is the latest version of the newly
improved catalyst. UOP revealed
this new catalyst at the 2001
Oleflex conference. With the
lower attenuator level, the perfor-
mance targets for DEH-14 are :
- Equivalent initial activity
- Equivalent selectivity
- Higher coking stability
- Higher long-term stabil-
ity
NPC will have to study the
ˆˆ˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
benefit of the new catalyst for the
next catalyst replacement opera-
tion. Table 2 summarizes the cata-
lyst composition comparison.
UOP will continue to come up with
newer catalyst versions.
The Economic Performance of
the Unit
In justifying the construction
of the Propane Dehydrogenation
Unit, the offtaker, which is a
polypropylene producer, agreed to
pay for the propylene on a cost-
plus basis. The total production
cost was passed on to the offtaker
plus 15 per cent return on invest-
ment. This was acceptable in the
beginning since the market price
of propylene was high and the gov-
ernment put 20 per cent duty on
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

Fig. 4
Propylene selectivity comparison (%wt.)

Fig. 5
Propylene yield per pass comparison

Commercialization of the Worldûs First Oleflex Unit

ˆ˜
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

the propylene import. The ineffi-

Table 2 UOP oleflex catalyst development ciency of the initial operation was
Deh-8 DeH-10 DeH-12 DeH-14 therefore absorbed by the offtaker
who was not at all happy with the
Pt wt% 0.75 0.60 0.45 0.45
deal. When the market price of
Modifier wt% Base 0.3*Base 0.3*Base -
propylene came down, the cost-
Attenuator wt% Base Base 0.7*Base lower than DeH-12 plus formula was no longer accept-
(*UOP do not specify level) able and NPC had to agree to a sell-
ing price relating to the market
prices. As a result, propylene sell-
ing price has been coming down.
In addition, the duty protection on
propylene was lifted. NPC has no
leverage and has to compete
openly with other producers.
As shown in Figure 6, propy-
lene selling price trends downward
while propane feedstock price re-
mains relatively stable, thanks to
the co-operation of our feed sup-
plier, PTT, which is also a major
share holder. As may be noted the
propylene-propane price differen-
tial averages at $277 /ton with the
minimum being $100 /ton. At this
Fig. 6
level, the total cost can be covered
NPC propylene and propane price 1990-2001 adequately with the exception of
the minimum price differential pe-
riod. Figure 7 shows the relative
breakdown of the various costs.

Conclussion

Development of the Oleflex

process required a great deal of ef-
forts and only through the com-
mitment and perser verance of
UOP could successful operation
be achieved. Technology transfer
is also very important in commer-
cializing the process and UOP
Fig. 7 have great success in this aspect,
Economic performance (cost of production) 2001 gaining trust from clients. Im-

Pramote Chaiyavech
ˆ˜Ò
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

provement of the process is still
going on to optimize the opera-
tion. The industry will certainly
gain the benefits and advances in
science will move forwards.
References
1. Vora BV, Pujado PR, Adams ND, Le
Merle CA. A new source of propylene
- The Oleflex process. International
Conference on Propylene, Madrid,
Spain, November 9-10, 1989.
2. lmai T, Vora BV, Bricker JC. Devel-
opment of dehydrogenation catalyst and
process. International Conference on
Recent Developments in Petrochemi-
cal and Polymer Technologies,
Bangkok, Thailand, December 12-16,
1989.
3. Chaiyavech P. Experience in operat-
ing an ethane feed steam-cracker and
propane dehydro complex. 2nd Inter-
national Conference Gas Utilization:
impact and Contribution towards Indus-
trial Development in SE Asia, Jakarta,
Indonesia, August 21-22, 1991.
4. Cottrell PR, Bankas ST, Benthan MF,
Gregor JH, Hamlin CR, Smith LF.
Oleflex process, the proven route to light
olefins. UOP Petrochemical Technol-
ogy Conference, Bangkok, 1992.
5. Chaiyavech P. The first three years of
Oleflex operation - an eventful experi-
ence. The 5th ASEAN Council on Pe-
troleum Conference & Exibition,
Bangkok, November 2-5, 1993.
6. 1995 Oleflex Users Conference, Thai-
land.
7. 1997 Oleflex Users Conference, Canada.
8. 2001 Oleflex User Conference, U.S.A.

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ °“√π”‚Õ‡≈‡ø≈Á°´åÀπ૬·√°¢Õß‚≈°‡¢â“„™âß“π„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å
ª√“‚¡∑¬å ‰™¬‡«™
¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
°“√º≈‘µ‚æ√æ—¬≈’π®“°‚æ√‡æπ‚¥¬«‘∏’§“µ“≈‘µ‘°¥’Œ—¬‚¥√¬’‡π™—Ëπ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å‰¥â‡√‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°„π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡¡◊ËÕµâπªï æ.». ÚıÛÛ ∑’Ë∫√‘…—∑ ªï‚µ√‡§¡’·Ààß™“µ‘ ®”°—¥ (¡À“™π) ‚¥¬„™âÀπ૬‚Õ‡≈‡ø≈Á°´å
Àπ૬·√°∑’‰Ë ¥â√∫— °“√ÕÕ°·∫∫‚¥¬∫√‘…∑— ¬Ÿ‚Õæ’. °àÕπÀπâ“π’‚È æ√æ—¬≈’π‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ßº≈æ≈Õ¬‰¥â®“°°√–∫«π°“√Õ◊πË ,
°≈à“«§◊Õ °√–∫«π°“√·πø∏“·§√°‡°âÕ√å·≈–°√–∫«π°“√ø≈ŸÕ‘¥§“µ“≈‘µ‘°·§√°‡°âÕ√å. ‚¥¬∑’Ë¢≥–π—Èπª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬¬—߉¡à¡’·πø∏“·§√°‡°âÕ√å ·≈–¡’Àπ૬ø≈ŸÕ‘¥§“µ“≈‘µ‘°·§√°‡°âÕ√å¢π“¥‡≈Á°Õ¬Ÿà‡∑à“π—Èπ. ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’§«“¡µâÕß°“√
‚æ√æ—¬≈’π ®÷ßµâÕßÀ“«‘∏’„À¡à∑’˺≈‘µ‚æ√æ—¬≈’π‚¥¬µ√ß ‚¥¬‡≈◊Õ°„™â«‘’∏’¥’Œ—¬‚¥√®’‡πµ‚æ√‡æπ¢Õß∫√‘…—∑¬Ÿ‚Õæ’.
Àπ૬‚Õ‡≈‡ø≈Á°´å¢Õ߉∑¬®÷߇ªìπÀπ૬¥’Œ—¬‚¥√®’‡πµ‚æ√‡æπ‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å·Ààß·√°. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡√‘Ë¡‡¥‘π‡§√◊ËÕ߉¥âª√– ∫
ªí≠À“µà“ßÊ, Àπ૬ߓπ∑“߇∑§π‘§¢Õ߬Ÿ‚Õæ’·≈–¢Õß∫√‘…—∑ªï‚µ√‡§¡’·Ààß™“µ‘œ ‰¥â√à«¡°—π·°âªí≠À“®π‰¥ââº≈
‡ªìπ∑’Ëπà“æÕ„®. °“√·°âªí≠À“µâÕß„™â«‘∏’‡ª≈’ˬπ·≈–·°â‰¢Õÿª°√≥åµà“ßÊ, ·°â‰¢«‘∏’°“√·≈– ¿“«°“√≥å„π°“√‡¥‘π
‡§√◊ËÕß, ·≈–‡ª≈’ˬπ„™â§“µ“≈‘ µå·∫∫„À¡àÊ ∑’Ë∑”ß“π‰¥â¥’¢÷Èπ. °“√∑’ˬŸ‚Õæ’‰¥â —≠≠“«à“®–¡ÿàß¡—Ëπ„π°“√·°â‰¢§“
µ“≈‘ µå¢ÕßÀπ૬‚Õ‡≈‡ø≈ì°´å„Àâ¡’§«“¡§ß∑π·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“栟ߢ÷Èπ ∑”„Àâ¡’§“µ“≈‘ µåª√–‡¿∑„À¡àÊ ÕÕ°
¡“‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ·≈–∫√‘…—∑ªï‚µ√‡§¡’œ ‰¥â√—∫º≈ª√–‚¬™π宓°°“√π’ȵ≈Õ¥¡“. „π°“√‡¥‘π‡§√◊ËÕß¡“‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“°«à“
 ‘∫ªï „™â‡«≈“„π°“√º≈‘µ°«à“ Û,Ú «—π ∫√‘…—∑ªï‚µ√‡§¡’œ ‰¥â‡ª≈’Ë¬π§“µ“≈‘ µå‰ª Ù  Ÿµ√ ´÷Ëß Ÿµ√„À¡à‰¥âº≈¥’
°«à“ Ÿµ√‡¥‘¡∑ÿ°§√—Èß∑’Ë∑”°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ, ‚¥¬∑—Èß ‘Èπ‰¥â‡ª≈’Ë¬π§“µ“≈‘ µå‰ª ı §√—Èß. ‡ªìπ∑’Ëπà“‡ ’¬„®∑’Ë ·¡â®–‰¥â√—∫
§«“¡ ”‡√Á®µà“ßÊ „π¥â“π‡∑§π‘§ º≈°”‰√®“°°“√º≈‘µ°≈—∫≈¥≈ß. ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ√“– ¿“æ∑“߇»√…∞°‘®¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
·≈–¢Õß¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§‰¥â‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ªÀ≈“¬ª√–°“√ ·¡âº≈ª√–°Õ∫°“√®–πâÕ¬°«à“∑’˧“¥À«—߉«â¡“° ·µà°Á¬—ߧÿâ¡∑ÿπ
‡æ’¬ßæÕ∑’Ë®–º≈‘µµàÕ‰ª. „π∫∑§«“¡‰¥â°≈à“«∂÷ߪ√– ∫°“√≥åµà“ßÊ, ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈º≈°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√ √«¡∑—Èß
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õߧ“µ“≈‘ µå. ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ªÕ“¬ÿ¢Õߧ“µ“≈‘ µå®–¬◊𬓫°«à“∑’˧“¥°“√≥剫⠺≈°“√ª√–°Õ∫°“√∑“ß
‡»√…∞»“ µ√å„π™à«ßªïµà“ßÊ °Á√«¡Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬.
§” ”§—≠ : ‚Õ‡≈‡ø≈Á°´å, ‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å

Commercialization of the Worldûs First Oleflex Unit

ˆ˜Ú
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË ¡πÿ…¬å‡æ◊ÕË ¡πÿ…¬å : Õ“ππ∑å ∫ÿ≥¬–√—µ‡«™

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
√Ÿª·∫∫„À¡à¢Õß°“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“‡√◊ËÕß‚√§¿—¬‰¢â
ª√–¥‘…∞°√√¡„À¡à∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å°”≈—ß∑”Õ¬Ÿà¢≥–π’ȧ◊Õª√–¥‘…∞°√√¡
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ. ª√–¥‘…∞°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¡’»—°¬¿“æ∑’Ë®–„™â·°âªí≠À“°“√
‡®Á∫ ·≈–°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æ¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å
¢“¥·§≈π‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕÕ«—¬«–¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å∑’˵âÕß√Õ°“√∫√‘®“§®“°ºŸâ„Àâ. °”≈—ß°â“«‡¢â“¡“∂÷߬ÿ§„À¡à¢Õß«ß°“√
„πÕ𓧵 Õ«—¬«–À√◊Õ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å∑’Ë∂Ÿ°∑”≈“¬‡ ’¬À“¬À√◊Õ∑’Ë¡’ ·æ∑¬å·≈â«. »“ µ√å¥â“π«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
欓∏‘ ¿“æ ®–∂Ÿ° √â“ß∑¥·∑π¢÷Èπ¡“‰¥â„πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√. ª√–‡∑» ™’«¿“æ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß°“√‡≈’Ȭß
 À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“°”≈—ß«‘®—¬ √â“ßÀ—«„®¡πÿ…¬å‰«â∑¥·∑πÀ—«„®¡πÿ…¬å∑’ËÀ¡¥ ‡´≈≈å∑’Ë„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’√–¥—∫ Ÿß √à«¡°—∫
 ¿“æ ‚¥¬µ—È߇ªÑ“‰«â«à“®–‡ªìπÕÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µÀ—«„®¿“¬„π æ.».
ÚııÛ. ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß·µàÀ—«„®‡∑à“π—Èπ, ¡πÿ…¬å‡√“°”≈—ߥ”‡π‘π°“√º≈‘µ
Õß§å § «“¡√Ÿâ ∑ “ß«‘ ∑ ¬“°“√·π«„À¡à
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕÕ◊Ëπ Õ“∑‘ ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕÕàÕπ °√–¥Ÿ° °√–¥Ÿ°ÕàÕπ ≈‘ÈπÀ—«„® ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ ∑”„À⇰‘¥»—°¬¿“æ„À¡à¢πÈ÷ ¡“. ¡πÿ…¬å
ª√– “∑ µ—∫ µ—∫ÕàÕπ. ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ„πª√–‡∑» °”≈— ß ®– √â “ ß·≈–º≈‘ µ ‡π◊È Õ ‡¬◊Ë Õ ·≈–
‰∑¬™‘Èπ·√°§◊Õ °“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥. ¢≥–π’ȉ¥â¡’°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß Õ«— ¬ «–‚¥¬‡≈’ ¬ π·∫∫„Àâ „ °≈â ‡ §’ ¬ ß
‡´≈≈åÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ·≈–‡´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡√’¬∫„πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√. ‡´≈≈å ∏√√¡™“µ‘¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ®–π”¡“„™â
‡À≈à“π’È∂Ÿ°°√–µÿâπ„Àâ·∫àßµ—«‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π‡ªìπª√‘¡“≥¡“°‡æ◊ËÕπ”¡“
ª√–°Õ∫‡¢â“¥â«¬°—π°—∫‚§√ß√à“ß∑’∑Ë ”„À⇴≈≈凰“–„π√Ÿª∑√ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥.
∑¥·∑π à«π∑’¢Ë “¥À“¬‰ª À√◊Õ∑’‡Ë  ◊ÕË ¡
‡¡◊ËÕ∑” ”‡√Á®À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥π’È®–𔉪„™â„π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å‰¥â ‡™àπ °“√  ¿“愙Ⱃ√‰¡à‰¥â. ¡πÿ…¬å°”≈—ßÀ“
·°âªí≠À“À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥À—«„®. °“√„™â»“ µ√å«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ√à«¡°—∫ Àπ∑“߇æ‘Ë ¡ Õ“¬ÿ ¢— ¬ ¢Õßµπ‡Õß‚¥¬
§«“¡√Ÿâ‡√◊ËÕ߇´≈≈åµâ𰔇𑥮–∂Ÿ°π”¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå. ‡´≈≈åµâ𰔇𑥠°“√ √â“߇π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ·≈–Õ«—¬«–‚¥¬Ωï¡◊Õ
∑’Ë„™âÕ“®‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡´≈≈åµâ𰔇π‘¥√–¬–ÕàÕπ·√° ÿ¥ À√◊Õ‡ªìπ‡´≈≈åµâπ π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å, ´÷Ë߇ªìπª√–¥‘…∞-
°”‡π‘¥√–¬–∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â„πºŸâ„À≠à. ¢≥–π’ȺŸâ‡¢’¬π “¡“√∂·¬°‡´≈≈åµâπ
°”‡π‘¥∑’Ëæ∫„πºŸâ„À≠à‰¥â ‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß„™â‡´≈≈åµâ𰔇𑥄π√–¬–·√° ÿ¥
°√√¡¡À—»®√√¬å∑’ˉ¡à‡§¬¡’¡“°àÕπ„π
®“°«‘∏°’ “√‚§≈ππ‘ßË ‡´≈≈å, ·≈â«π”‡´≈≈å∑·Ë’ ¬°‰¥â¡“°√–µÿπâ „À⇪ìπ‡´≈≈å ¡πÿ…¬™“µ‘. ª√–¥‘…∞°√√¡π’È°àÕ„Àâ
∫ÿÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·≈–‡´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡√’¬∫. ‡´≈≈å∑—Èß Ú ™π‘¥π’È®–∂Ÿ° ‡°‘ ¥ ª√–‚¬™πå µà Õ ‡æ◊Ë Õ π¡πÿ … ¬å ¥â « ¬
‡≈’¬È ß„πÀâÕߪؑ∫µ— °‘ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡¢â“¥â«¬°—π‚¥¬„™â»“ µ√å¢Õß«‘»«°√√¡ °—π‡Õß.
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ”À√—∫„™â„π°“√√—°…“‚√§∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫
À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥µàÕ‰ª. «‘»«°√√¡°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ®÷߇ªìπß“π∑â“∑“¬∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å ªí®®ÿ∫—π·Ààß´’°‚≈°µ–«—πµ°
∑”¢÷Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬™“µ‘.
Michal Gillian π—°«‘‡§√“–Àå¢“à «
§” ”§—≠ : À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥, ‡´≈≈åµâ𰔇π‘¥, «‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ
¥â“π«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å  ”π—°¢à“« ABC

«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬å‡æ◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬å :
ˆ¯
√Ÿª·∫∫„À¡à¢Õß°“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò
°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ·ºàπ‡´≈≈庑«Àπ—ß„πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪„™â„π°“√√—°…“‚√§∑’Ë Ÿ≠‡ ’¬º‘«Àπ—ß ‡™àπ
∫“¥·º≈‰ø‰À¡â πÈ”√âÕπ≈«°
‰¥â查„π√“¬°“√Õ√ÿ≥ «— ¥‘ÏÕ‡¡√‘°“
‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ú¯ °—𬓬π ÚıÙÚ «à“
çÀ“°„π°“≈¢â“ßÀπâ“Õ—π‰°≈‚æâπ®“°
π’È ‰ ª ¡πÿ … ¬å ≥ °“≈‡«≈“π—È π ¡Õß
ª√–«— µ‘ » “ µ√å ¬â Õ πÀ≈— ß °≈— ∫ ¡“¥Ÿ
«‘ «— ≤ π“°“√¢Õß¡πÿ … ¬™“µ‘ „ π™à « ß
»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú-ÚÒ °Á®–‡ÀÁ𧫓¡
 ”‡√Á ® ∑“ß«‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å Õ— π ¬‘Ë ß „À≠à
¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å„π¬ÿ§π—Èπ. §«“¡ ”‡√Á®π—Èπ
‰¡à „ ™à ° “√§â π æ∫æ≈— ß ß“ππ‘ « ‡§≈’ ¬ √å
‰¡à„™à°“√º≈‘µ¬“√—°…“‚√§ À√◊Õ‰¡à„™à
·¡â·µà°“√∑àÕßÕ«°“» ·µà‡ªì𧫓¡
 ”‡√Á®Õ—π¬‘Ëß„À≠à„π Ú ª√–‡¥Áπ §◊Õ
Õ“ππ∑å ∫ÿ≥¬–√—µ‡«™
«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË ·≈–Õ«—¬«–¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å
(tissue engineering), ·≈–‡«™»“ µ√å
æ— π ∏ÿ ° √√¡ (genetic medicine).
¡πÿ…¬å„πÕ𓧵°”≈—ßÕÿàπ„®°—∫°“√¡’
™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà∑’ˇ撬∫æ√âÕ¡¥â«¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
∑’Ë “¡“√∂™à«¬„À⇪≈’ˬπÕ«—¬«–‰¥â‡¡◊ËÕ
‡°‘¥§«“¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡ À√◊Õ¡’欓∏‘ ¿“扥â
·≈– “¡“√∂§—¥ √√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡∑’˪√“»
®“°‚√§¡“‡Õ◊ÈÕª√–‚¬™πå„Àâ°—∫∫ÿ§§≈
ºŸâ¡’ªí≠À“. °“√§âπæ∫·≈–ª√–¥‘…∞-
°√√¡Õ— π ¬‘Ë ß „À≠à ¢ Õß¡πÿ … ¬å π’È ∑”„Àâ
æ«°‡¢“Õ¬Ÿà Õ ¬à “ ߇ªì π  ÿ ¢ ·≈–√Ÿâ  ÷ °
¢Õ∫§ÿ ≥ ∫√√æ∫ÿ √ÿ … ∑’Ë   “¡“√∂ √â “ ß
ˆ¯Ò
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
 √√§å«‘∑¬“°“√π’È¢÷Èπ¡“„π¡πÿ…¬å™“µ‘
‰¥â. ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å„π¬ÿ§ªí®®ÿ∫—π
¢Õ∫§ÿ≥‡Õ¥«“√å¥ ‡®π‡πÕ√å ∑’˧âπæ∫
«‘∏’°“√°√–µÿâπ√–∫∫¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—π ∑”„Àâ
§π„π¬ÿ § ‰¡à µâ Õ ßµ“¬¥â « ¬‚√§Ωï ¥ “…
√–∫“¥∑’Ë § √à “ ™’ «‘ µ ¡πÿ … ¬å „ π¬ÿ § π—È π
®”π«π¡“°é.
Õ¥’µ·Ààß´’°‚≈°µ–«—πÕÕ°
 ¡—¬ºŸ‡â ¢’¬π¬—߇ªìπ‡¥Á° ‡§¬‰¥âøßí
®“°ºŸâ„À≠à∑à“π‡≈à“«à“„π°“≈¢â“ßÀπâ“
∑’ˬ“«‰°≈ ®–¡’æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“Õߧå„À¡à
´÷ßË ¡’æ√–π“¡«à“ æ√–»√’Õ“√¬‡¡µµ√—¬.
¬ÿ§π—Èπ®–‡®√‘≠√ÿà߇√◊Õß¡“° ∫â“πª≈Ÿ°
µ‘¥°—πÀπ“·πàπ. À≈—ߧ“™π°—π®π
‰°à∫‘π¢÷ÈπøÑ“‰¡à‰¥â. ºŸâ§π¬ÿ§π—Èπ®–¡’
√à“ß°“¬≈—°…≥–ߥߓ¡. ∑ÿ°§π¡’Õ“¬ÿ
¬◊𬓫π“π ·≈–∑’ Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ®–¡’Àπ⓵“
√Ÿª√à“߇À¡◊Õπ°—π. ·µà≈–∫â“π¡’§«“¡
‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà¥’ ÿ¢ ∫“¬. Õ“À“√°“√°‘π¡’
¡“°¡“¬‡æ’¬ßæÕ. µâπ¡–‡¢◊Õ∑’˪≈Ÿ°
‰«â∑’Ë∫â“π¡’¢π“¥ Ÿß„À≠à®πµâÕß„™â‰¡â
 Õ¬º≈¡–‡¢◊Õ. (ºŸâ∑’ˉ¡à‡§¬‡ÀÁπµâπ
¡–‡¢◊ Õ ‚ª√¥∑√“∫«à “ µâ π ¡–‡¢◊ Õ ¡’
¢π“¥‡≈Á°  Ÿß‰¡à¡“° ‡√“ “¡“√∂‡°Á∫
º≈‰¥â‡≈¬‰¡àµâÕß„™â‰¡â Õ¬). ºŸâ‡¢’¬π
‰¥â øí ß ‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«π’È °Á ‰ ¡à „  à „ ®Õ–‰√¡“°
‡ÀÁπ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß πÿ° ·µà°Á¡‘‰¥â§—¥§â“π.
ºŸâ‡¢’¬π¡’®‘µ‡ªî¥√—∫Õ¬Ÿà‡ ¡Õ∂÷߇√◊ËÕß∑’Ë
¬—߉¡à‡¢â“„®, ‡§¬§‘¥Õ¬Ÿà‡ ¡Õ«à“‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë
燪ìπ‰ª‰¡à‰¥âé °ÁÕ“® 燪ìπ‰ª‰¥âé.
§”«à“ 燪ìπ‰ª‰¡à‰¥âé „π∫“ߧ√—È߇ªìπ
§”查∑’˪—Èπ‰¡à„Àâ‡√“§‘¥ 查 À√◊Õ
∑”µàÕ ®÷߇ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬µàÕπ—°«‘®¬— ·≈–
π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß. ‡√“§«√‡©¬
‰«â°—∫‡√◊ËÕß∑’˵π‡Õ߬—߉¡à‡¢â“„®°àÕπ∑’Ë
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
®– √ÿª‰ª‡≈¬«à“ 燪ìπ‰ª‰¡à‰¥âé.
‡¡◊ËÕºŸâ‡¢’¬π‚µ¢÷Èπ®«∫∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π
°Á‰¥âæ∫‡√◊ËÕß√“«§«“¡®√‘ßµà“ßÊ ¡“°
¢÷Èπ. §«“¡√Ÿâ∑“ß«‘∑¬“°“√°â“«ÀπⓉª
Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ¡πÿ…¬å√Ÿâ®—°«‘«—≤π“°“√
¢Õß √√æ —µ«å ·≈–§âπæ∫ ‘Ëß„À¡àÊ
æ—≤π“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’Õ—π¡À—»®√√¬å. ‡√◊ËÕß
≈’È ≈— ∫ ∑’Ë ¡ πÿ … ¬å ‰ ¡à ‡ §¬√Ÿâ ¡ “°à Õ π°Á ‡ √‘Ë ¡
‡¢â“„®¡“°¢÷Èπ. ¡πÿ…¬å°”≈—ß®—¥°“√°—∫
 ‘Ë߇≈Á°Ê ∑’Ë¡Õ߉¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’,
·≈â«∑”„Àâ ‘Ë߇≈Á°Ê ‡À≈à“π—Èπ°≈“¬‡ªìπ
µ—«‡ªìπµπ¢÷Èπ¡“¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√Õ—π≈È”≈÷°
‡™àπ °“√√Ÿ√â À— æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¢Õß ‘ßË ¡’™«’ µ‘ ,
°“√µ—¥·µàߥ—¥·ª≈ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡æ◊™·≈–
 —µ«å (GMO) °àÕ„À⇰‘¥æ◊™·≈– —µ«å
æ— π ∏ÿå „ À¡à . ‡∑§π‘ § π’È ‡ ªì π µ— « Õ¬à “ ß
Àπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë ¡ πÿ … ¬å °”≈— ß π”¡“„™â °— ∫ °“√
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¢Õßæ◊™. ‡ªìπ
‰ª‰¥â‰À¡∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å„π¬ÿ§æ√–»√’Õ“√¬-
‡¡µµ√—¬¡’§«“¡‡®√‘≠°â“«≈È”°«à“¡πÿ…¬å
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¡“°¡“¬À≈“¬‡∑à“. ‡∑§-
‚π‚≈¬’∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å ¡—¬π’È°”≈—߇√‘Ë¡§â𧑥
‡ªì𧫓¡√Ÿâ‡æ’¬ß‡»…‡ ’Ȭ«. ¡πÿ…¬å
¬ÿ § π—È π ¬— ß ¡’   µ‘ ªí ≠ ≠“Õ— π ≈È” ‡≈‘ » ∑’Ë ®— ¥
°“√‡ºà“æ—π∏ÿåµπ‡Õß„À⇪ìπ‡ºà“æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë
‡®√‘≠¬—Ë߬◊π‰ªπ“π·≈–¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥. ‰¡à
‡æ’¬ß·µà√Ÿª°“¬ ¬—ß√«¡∂÷ß®‘µ„®¥â«¬∑’Ë
 “¡“√∂æ— ≤ π“ Ÿà § «“¡À≈ÿ ¥ æâ π ®“°
Àâ«ß«—Ø ß “√. °àÕπ∑’Ë®–‰ª Ÿà ¡¡ÿµ‘
∞“π§π„π¬ÿ § æ√–»√’ Õ “√¬å «à “ ‡ªì π
Õ¬à“߉√, °≈—∫¡“æ‘®“√≥“«‘∑¬“°“√
¬ÿ§ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È«à“ çæ—≤π“∂÷߉Àπ ·≈–
¡’·π«‚πâ¡®–‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√é. ‡¡◊ÕË √Ÿ·â ≈â«,
°Á§ß®–¡Õ߉ª¢â“ßÀπâ“ ¡’«‘ —¬∑—»πå∑’Ë
°«â“߉°≈µàÕ‰ª «à“«‘∑¬“°“√Õ¬à“ßπ’È¡’
·π«‚πâ¡∑’˧«√®–æ—≤π“Õ¬à“߉√.
©“°·Ààß™’«‘µ∑’ˇªìπ®√‘ߥÿ®¥—Ëß
®‘πµπ“°“√
‡™â“«—πÀπ÷Ëß„π çÀâÕß·≈Á∫é À√◊Õ
„πÀâ Õ ßªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ° “√«‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å ∑’Ë
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·§≈‘øÕ√å‡π’¬ π§√´“π-
ø√“π´‘ ‚°, ¢≥–∑’πË °— «‘∑¬“»“ µ√凢â“
¡“¥Ÿ®“π·°â«‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߇´≈≈å  —߇°µ
§«“¡‡®√‘ ≠ ‡µ‘ ∫ ‚µ ·≈–°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π
·ª≈ߢÕ߇´≈≈å∑’ˇ擖‡≈’Ȭßπ—Èπ. ‡¡◊ËÕ
‡¢“À¬‘∫¢«¥·°â«∑’‡Ë ≈’¬È ߇´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÕÈ
À—«„®∑’ˇ擖‡≈’Ȭ߄πµŸâÕ∫Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Û˜
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ·≈–ª√—∫∫√√¬“°“»‰«â
æÕ‡À¡“–¡“µ√«®¥â«¬°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πå
æ∫«à“‡´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÕÈ À—«„®∑’‡Ë æ“–‡≈’¬È ß
‰«â¡’®”π«π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¡“°°«à“‡¡◊ËÕ«“π∑’Ë
®—∫‡ªìπ°≈ÿ¡à °âÕπ. ‡ªìπ∑’πË “à Õ—»®√√¬å¬ßË‘
‡¡◊ËÕ‡ÀÁπ°≈ÿà¡°âÕπ‡´≈≈å‡À≈à“π—Èπ‡µâπ
°√–µÿ°‡ªìπ®—ßÀ«– º‘¥®“°‡¡◊ËÕ«“π∑’Ë
Õ¬Ÿàπ‘Ëß ß∫‡©¬. °“√§âπæ∫°≈ÿࡇ´≈≈å
∑’Ë ‡ µâ 𠇪ì π ®— ß À«–‡À¡◊ Õ π°— ∫ À— « „®
∑”„Àâª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ª√–°“»
∑â “ ∑“¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ ¢÷È π ¡“∑— π ∑’ «à “
¿“¬„π ‘∫ªïπ∫— ®“°π’‰È ª  À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
®– √â“ßÀ—«„®¡πÿ…¬å‰¥â. ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫
‡¡◊ËÕ™à«ßµâπªï Ò˘ˆ ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’
‡§π‡π¥’ ‰¥âª√–°“»«à“°àÕπ ‘πÈ ∑»«√√…
(Ò ªï) §◊Õ‰¡à‡°‘π Ò˘˜  À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
®– àß§π‰ª‡À¬’¬∫¥«ß®—π∑√å„Àâ®ß‰¥â.
„πªï Ò˘ˆ˘  À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “°Á  à ß π’ ≈
Õ“√å¡ µ√Õ¡ ‰ª‡À¬’¬∫¥«ß®—π∑√剥â
 ”‡√Á®. °“√ª√–°“»µâπªï Ú «à“
¿“¬„π Ò ªï ®– √â“ßÀ—«„®§π¢÷Èπ¡“
„À≥⿓¬„πªï ÚÒ π—Èπ ‰¡àà„™à‡√◊ËÕß
∑’Ë ª √–°“»·∫∫‡≈◊Ë Õ π≈Õ¬,  À√— ∞
Õ‡¡√‘°“ª√–°“»·∫∫®√‘ß®—ß ‚¥¬®–∑ÿ¡à
‡ß‘ π «‘ ®— ¬ ·≈–æ— ≤ π“«‘ ∑ ¬“°“√¥â “ ππ’È
ˆ¯Ú
‡ªìπ‡ß‘π¡“°°«à“ ı, ≈â“π‡À√’¬≠
 À√—∞. °“√∑’˪√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
°≈â“∑ÿࡇߑπ®”π«π¡À“»“≈π’È ‡æ√“–
‰¥â¡Õ߇ÀÁπ 秫“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥âé ·≈–
秫“¡§ÿ⡧à“é.
§«“¡‡ªì 𠉪‰¥â §◊ Õ °“√∑’Ë
 “¡“√∂‡≈’Ȭ߇´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀ—«„®®π
®— ∫ °≈ÿà ¡ °â Õ π·≈–‡µâ 𠇪ì π ®— ß À«–‰¥â .
‡¢“µ√–Àπ—°¥’«à“«‘™“°“√‡√◊ËÕ߇´≈≈剥â
æ—≤𓉪¡“°, ¡’§«“¡‡¢â“„®»“ µ√å
§«“¡√Ÿâ „ À¡à ·≈–¡’ ‡ ∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ∑’Ë
 “¡“√∂‡¢â“‰ª∂÷ß°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°≈«‘∏“π
°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇´≈≈剥â.
§«“¡§ÿâ¡§à“ §◊Õ
(Ò) ™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π (·≈–ª√–™“°√
‚≈°∑—Ë«‰ª) ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ¥â«¬‚√§À—«„®„π
Õ—µ√“ Ÿß.  À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‡ ’¬‡ß‘π‰ª°—∫
°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑’˪ɫ¬‡ªìπ
‚√§À— « „®‡ªì π ®”π«π¡À“»“≈ ·≈–
 Ÿ≠‡ ’¬∑√—欓°√∫ÿ§§≈„π«—¬∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡
 “¡“√∂‰ª®”π«π¡“°. °“√ √â“ß
Õ«— ¬ «–À— « „®‰¥â ®÷ ß ®–‡ªì π Àπ∑“ß∑’Ë ¡’
‚Õ°“  Ÿß„π°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“π’È.
(Ú) ‡¡◊ËÕ “¡“√∂ √â“ßÀ—«„®‰¥â,
 À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“®– “¡“√∂ √â“ß√“¬‰¥â„Àâ
ª√–‡∑»Õ¬à“ß¡“°¡“¬ ‡æ√“– “¡“√∂
∑”À—«„®„ à°≈àÕß (°≈àÕßÀ—«„®) ¢“¬‡ªìπ
 ‘π§â“ àßÕÕ°‰¥â. «‘∏’°“√π’È®– √â“ß
√“¬‰¥â‡¢â“ª√–‡∑»‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡À“»“≈
‡°‘π‡ß‘π∑’Ë≈ß∑ÿπÕ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ.
ç°≈àÕߥ«ß„®é
À≈“¬∑à“π§ß‡§¬Õà“ππ«π‘¬“¬∑—ßÈ
‰∑¬ ·≈–‡∑» ‡√◊ËÕß°“√∂Õ¥¥«ß„®
ÕÕ°®“°µ—«‰ª„ à‰«â„π°≈àÕß ·≈â«π”‰ª
‡°Á∫‰«â„π∑’Ë¡‘¥™‘¥∑’ˉ¡à¡’ºŸâ„¥√ŸâπÕ°®“°
«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬å‡æ◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬å :
√Ÿª·∫∫„À¡à¢Õß°“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú
≈—°…≥–‚§√ß √â“ßÕ«—¬«–À—«„® °≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀ—«„®¡’
À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥¡“‡≈’È ¬ ß‚¥¬∑—Ë « ‰ª. °√–∫«π°“√
«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ®–∂Ÿ°π”¡“„™â„π°“√ √â“ßÀ—«„®
´÷Ë߇°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥
µπ‡Õß ®÷߉¡à¡’„§√ “¡“√∂¶à“„Àⵓ¬
‰¥â‡æ√“–¥«ß„®Õ¬Ÿà∑’ËÕ◊Ë𠇙àπ∑»°—≥∞å
À√◊Õ¿“æ¬πµ√å‡√◊ËÕß Dragon Heart
∑’Ë©“¬‡¡◊ËÕª√–¡“≥ Ú ªï∑’Ë·≈â« ‰¡à¡’
„§√ “¡“√∂¶à“‡®â“¡—ß°√∑’´Ë Õà πÀ—«„®‰«â
∑’ÕË π◊Ë ‰¥â. °≈àÕߥ«ß„®®÷߇ªìπ∑’ÀË «ß·Àπ
¢Õ߇®â“¢Õ߬‘Ëßπ—° ∂â“„§√√Ÿâ∑’Ë´àÕπ°Á
 “¡“√∂¶à “ ‡®â “ ¢Õß°≈à Õ ß¥«ß„®‰¥â
‡æ√“–°≈àÕߥ«ß„®¡’‡æ’¬ß°≈àÕ߇¥’¬«.
°≈àÕߥ«ß„®∑’Ë¢“¬‰¥â
‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ‡™◊ËÕ ºŸâ‡¢’¬π‰¡à
‡§¬§‘¥«à“®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π≈—°…≥–§≈⓬
§≈÷ß°—∫‡√◊ËÕß°≈àÕߥ«ß„®„ππ«π‘¬“¬
´÷Ëß·µà‡¥‘¡ºŸâ‡¢’¬π§‘¥‡æ’¬ß«à“‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß
·µàß„ÀâÕà“π πÿ°Ê. ·µàæÕ¡“‡ªìππ—°
«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å∑”°“√«‘®—¬‡√◊ËÕ߇´≈≈å∑’Ë
欓¬“¡‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߄πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√
Õ“ππ∑å ∫ÿ≥¬–√—µ‡«™
„Àâ‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥ ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪„™âª√–‚¬™πå
∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å ºŸâ‡¢’¬π®÷ßæ∫«à“«‘™“
°“√¥â“π°“√‡≈’Ȭ߇´≈≈å “¡“√∂𔉪
 Ÿ°à “√ √â“ßÕ«—¬«–¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å‰¥â. À—«„®
À√◊ÕÕ«—¬«–®“°‡´≈≈å‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭߢ÷Èπ¡“
®–𔉪‡ª≈’ˬπ„Àâ°—∫§π∑’Ë¡’ªí≠À“‰¥â
‚¥¬∂Õ¥Õ«—¬«–∑’ˇ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æÕÕ°‰ª
·≈â«„ àÕπ— „À¡à∑ ’Ë √â“ߢ÷πÈ ¡“‡¢â“‰ª·∑π.
‡√◊ËÕß°“√∂Õ¥¥«ß„®π—Èπ‰¡à®”‡ªìπ °“√
‡ª≈’¬Ë π¥«ß„®µà“ßÀ“°∑’‡Ë ªìπ‡√◊ÕË ß∑’‡Ë ªìπ
‰ª‰¥â·≈–¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠¡“°°«à“. „π
Õ𓧵 ¡πÿ … ¬å Õ “®‡ª≈’Ë ¬ πÀ— « „®‰¥â
‡√◊ÕË ¬Ê ¡“°°«à“Àπ÷ßË ¥«ß ´÷ßË „ππ«π‘¬“¬
«à “ ¡’ ° ≈à Õ ß¥«ß„®‡æ’ ¬ ß°≈à Õ ß‡¥’ ¬ «.
π«π‘¬“¬∫Õ°«à“∂â“°≈àÕߥ«ß„®∂Ÿ°§âπ
æ∫·≈–∂Ÿ°∑”≈“¬, ‡®â“¢Õߥ«ß„®π—Èπ
°ÁµâÕßµ“¬‰ª. «‘∑¬“°“√·π«„À¡à
°”≈—ß®–∫Õ°‡√“«à“„πÕ𓧵‰¡àµâÕß
´àÕπ°≈àÕߥ«ß„®Õ’°µàÕ‰ª ºŸâ„¥µâÕß
°“√À—«„®¡“‡ª≈’ˬπ∑¥·∑π°Á “¡“√∂
 —Ëß´◊ÈÕ‰¥â. «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·π«„À¡à®÷ß
‡¬’ˬ¡¬Õ¥°«à“π«π‘¬“¬‡¥‘¡‡ ’¬Õ’°.
Õÿµ “À°√√¡°≈àÕߥ«ß„®
„πÕ𓧵𗰫‘∑¬“»“ µ√å®–„™â
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’‡≈’Ȭ߇´≈≈å„À⇪ìπ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ
·≈–®“°‡π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË ®–‡≈’¬È ß„À⇪ìπÕ«—¬«–.
π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åµ—È߇ªÑ“∑’Ë®–‡≈’Ȭ߇´≈≈å
 √â“ß„À⇪ìπÀ—«„®·≈–Õ“®®–º≈‘µ‡ªìπ
Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ”À√—∫°“√ºà“µ—¥‡ª≈’ˬπ
À—«„®„Àâ§π∑’¡Ë ª’ ≠
í À“‚√§À—«„®. °≈àÕß
¥«ß„® Ò °≈àÕß ®–¢“¬„π√“§“ª√–-
¡“≥ Ù-ˆ ≈â“π∫“∑. °“√∑’˪√–‡∑»
 À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“≈ß∑ÿπ«‘®—¬‡√◊ËÕß°“√ √â“ß
À—«„®‡ªìπ‡ß‘π ı, ≈â“π‡À√’¬≠ À√—∞
À√◊Õª√–¡“≥ Ú, ≈â“π∫“∑
ˆ¯Û
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
π—πÈ À¡“¬∂÷ß«à“∂â“∑”ª√–¡“≥ ı,
°≈àÕß°Á®–§ÿâ¡∑ÿπ∑’Ë≈߉ª·≈â«. ·µà
·πàπÕπ«à“‡¢“‰¡àº≈‘µ‡æ’¬ß ı,
°≈àÕß ·µà®–º≈‘µ‡ªìπÀ≈“¬≈â“π°≈àÕß.
ºŸªâ «É ¬®”π«πÀ≈“¬≈â“π§π∑’ÀË ¡¥Õ“≈—¬
µ“¬Õ¬“°°—∫™’«‘µ„π¢≥–π’È, °”≈—ß√Õ
º≈ ”‡√Á ® ¢Õß°“√º≈‘ µ °≈à Õ ß¥«ß„®
Õ¬Ÿà. °“√º≈‘µÀ≈“¬≈â“π°≈àÕß®÷߇ªìπ
Õÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µÀ—«„®·πàπÕπ«à“°“√
¢“¬°≈àÕߥ«ß„®µâÕߥ’°«à“¢“¬√∂¬πµå.
‡æ√“–∂Ⓣ¡à´◊ÈÕ√∂¬πµå °Á¬—ß “¡“√∂
‰ª‰Àπ¡“‰Àπ‚¥¬√∂‡¡≈åÀ√◊Õ√∂‰ø
øÑ“‰¥â, ∂Ⓣ¡à´◊ÈÕÀ—«„®°Áµ“¬Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«
‡ªìπ°“√∫—ߧ—∫´◊ÕÈ ‡æ◊ÕË ™’«µ‘ .
‰¡à„™à°≈àÕߥ«ß„®Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«
¡πÿ…¬å¡’„®‡¥’¬« ·µà‰¡à„™à¡’À—«„®
Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« ·µà¡’Õ«—¬«–Õ¬à“ßÕ◊ËπÕ’°
¡“°¡“¬ ‰¥â·°à µ—∫ ‰µ ªÕ¥ À≈Õ¥
‡≈◊Õ¥ °√–¥Ÿ° ·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ. °≈àÕß∑’˺≈‘µ
ÕÕ°¡“®÷߉¡à„™à°≈àÕߥ«ß„®Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«
·µà¬—ß¡’°≈àÕßµ—∫ °≈àÕ߉µ °≈àÕߪե
°≈àÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ °≈àÕß°√–¥Ÿ° ·≈–
√Ÿª∑’Ë Û
ª√–¥‘…∞°√√¡≈‘ÈπÀ—«„®„πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ ´÷ËßÕ¬Ÿà
√–À«à“ß°“√∑¥≈Õß
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

°≈àÕßÕ◊ËπÊ Õ’°¡“°¡“¬. ºŸâ‡¢’¬πµ—Èß„® °≈«ß¡’¢π“¥µà“ßÊ °—π. „π à«π°≈«ß ∑”„Àâ ° “√∑”ß“π¢ÕßÕ«— ¬ «–π—È π ∂Ÿ °

·≈–µ—È߇ªÑ“«à“®–∑”«‘®—¬‡√◊ËÕß°“√ √â“ß π’È∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë„Àâ‡≈◊Õ¥‰À≈ºà“π‡ª√’¬∫‰¥â √∫°«π. §«“¡º‘¥ª√°µ‘π’ÈÕ“®√ÿπ·√ß
À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥°àÕπ. °“√«‘®—¬®–∂÷ߢ—Èπ °—∫‡ âπ≈”πÈ” ∑’ˇªìπ·¡àπÈ”≈”§≈Õß. ∂÷߇ ’¬™’«‘µ, ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß ∂â“
º≈‘µ„À⇪ìπ ç°≈àÕßé À√◊Õ‰¡à ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥¡’ ° “√·µ°·¢πß ‡æ◊Ë Õ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·µ°„π ¡Õß ‡ªìπµâπ.
°—∫°”≈—ß∑√—æ¬å∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà. π—°«‘∑¬“- °√–®“¬‰ª Ÿà à«πµà“ßÊ ¢ÕßÕ«—¬«– À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‡´≈≈å
»“ µ√å‰∑¬·¡â«à“„®®–∂÷ß ·µà‡ß‘π‰¡à ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫·¡àπÈ”∑’Ë·¬° “¢“‡ªìπ§Ÿ  ”§—≠ Ú ™π‘¥ §◊Õ
∂÷ß °Á§ß®–∑”„Àâß“π∂÷ß„π√–¥—∫∑’Ë∂÷ß §≈Õß·≈–≈”∏“√‡≈Á°Ê. ªí≠À“À≈Õ¥ Ò. ‡´≈≈å∫ÿÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥Õ¬Ÿ™à πÈ— „π
‰¥â‰«â°àÕπ. °“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥‡ªìπ ‡≈◊Õ¥§◊Õ çµ—πé °—∫ 燪√“–∫“ßé. Ú. ‡´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡√’¬∫Õ¬Ÿà„π™—Èπ
®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ∑’Ë¥’ ‡æ√“–Õ«—¬«–µà“ßÊ ¡’ çµ—πé ∑”„Àâ√–∫∫¢π àß™–ß—°ß—π‰ª √Õ∫πÕ°.
À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫. À“° ‰¡à∂÷ß®ÿ¥ª≈“¬∑“ß, ∑”„À⇴≈≈å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà °“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥µâÕß∑”®“°
ª√“»®“°À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥∑’ˇª√’¬∫‡ ¡◊Õπ ª≈“¬∑“ßµâÕßµ“¬‡æ√“–¢“¥Õ“À“√ °“√‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߇´≈≈å∑—Èß Ú ™π‘¥π’È„Àâ
‡ âπ∑“ß≈”‡≈’¬ß¢π àßÕ“À“√·≈– “√ ∑’ Ë ßà ¡“∑“ß°√–· ‡≈◊Õ¥. 燪√“–∫“ßé ‰¥â°àÕπ. ÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√¢ÕߺŸâ‡¢’¬π
®”‡ªìπ„Àâ°∫— ‡´≈≈嵓à ßÊ ¿“¬„πÕ«—¬«– Õ“®∑”„ÀâÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·µ° √—Ë«, ∑”„Àâ ‰¥â æ— ≤ π“«‘ ∏’ ° “√‡≈’È ¬ ߇´≈≈å ∫ÿ À ≈Õ¥
Õ«—¬«–π—πÈ °Á‰¡à “¡“√∂§ß ¿“æÕ¬Ÿ‰à ¥â. ‡≈◊Õ¥‰À≈ÕÕ°®“°À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ‡°‘¥ ‡≈◊Õ¥¡“‡ªìπ‡«≈“°«à“ ¯ ªï·≈â«. ‚¥¬
À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥®÷߇ªìπæ◊Èπ∞“π∑’Ë¥’ ”À√—∫ °“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬‡≈◊Õ¥ ·≈–‡°‘¥°“√§—ËߢÕß  “¡“√∂‡≈’¬È ߇´≈≈å∫Àÿ ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„Àâ‡æ‘¡Ë
«‘™“°“√¥â“ππ’È. πÕ°®“°π’È ∂Ⓡ√“ ‡≈◊Õ¥∑’Ë∑–≈—°≈âπÕÕ°πÕ°À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥. ®”π«π¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“° ·≈–°√–µÿâπ„Àâ
 “¡“√∂ √â“ß·≈–º≈‘µÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥‰¥â, ‡≈◊Õ¥∑’Ë∑–≈—°ÕÕ°¡“®–·¢Á߇ªìπ°âÕπ. ·µ°·¢π߇√’¬ßµàÕ°—π‰¥â·≈â«. ¢—πÈ µÕπ
°Á “¡“√∂𔉪„™â√°— …“‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ °â Õ π‡≈◊ Õ ¥Õ“®°¥∫√‘ ‡ «≥Õ«— ¬ «–π—È π µàÕ‰ª §◊Õ°“√‡≈’¬È ߇´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÕÈ ‡√’¬∫
∑’Ë¡’ªí≠À“‡√◊ËÕßÕÿ¥µ—π‰¥â. À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥
∑’Ë √â“ߢ÷Èπ¡“„À¡à∑’Ë·¢Áß·√ß·≈–‰¡àÕÿ¥
µ—π ‡¡◊ËÕπ”¡“„ à·∑π¢Õ߇°à“ ¬—ßÕ“®
™à«¬√—°…“‚√§À—«„®∑’Ë¡’ªí≠À“À≈Õ¥
‡≈◊Õ¥À—«„®Õÿ¥µ—π‰¥â¥â«¬.
∑”À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√
ºŸâ‡¢’¬π‰¡à‰¥â‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡‡™‘ß
®‘πµπ“°“√ À√◊Õ‡¢’¬ππ«π‘¬“¬«‘∑¬“-
»“ µ√å, ·µàº‡Ÿâ ¢’¬π°”≈—߇ πÕ∫∑§«“¡
«‘™“°“√∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å„ÀâÕà“πßà“¬
‡æ◊ÕË „À≥â√∫— §«“¡‡æ≈‘¥‡æ≈‘π æ√âÕ¡Ê
‰ª°—∫§«“¡√Ÿâ∑“ß«‘™“°“√.
°“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥‰¡à„™à®‘πµ-
π“°“√ ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë∑”‰¥â¿“¬„π Û ªï
∂Ⓡߑπ∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬‡æ’¬ßæÕ.
®–∑”‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ ¢ÕÕ∏‘∫“¬ ¥—ßπ’È. √Ÿª∑’Ë Ù
À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥¡’‚§√ß √â“߇ªìπÀ≈Õ¥ °√–∫«π°“√‡°Á∫‡´≈≈å∫ÿÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·≈–‡´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡√’¬∫®“°À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥

«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬å‡æ◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬å :
ˆ¯Ù
√Ÿª·∫∫„À¡à¢Õß°“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

´÷Ëߢ≥–π’ȉ¥âæ—≤π“°“√‡≈’ȬßÕ¬Ÿà. ‡¡◊ËÕ π‘¬“¡·≈–§«“¡À¡“¬ À√◊ÕÕ«—¬«–. ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪„™âª√–‚¬™πå

‡≈’Ȭ߉¥â·≈â« µâÕßπ”‡´≈≈å∑—Èß Ú ™π‘¥
π’ȉª‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߄π‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ‡≈’Ȭ߇´≈≈å
™π‘¥æ‘‡»…∑’ Ë “¡“√∂‡≈’¬È ߇´≈≈åª√‘¡“≥
¡“°Ê ‰¥â ‡æ◊ÕË „À⇴≈≈凰“–°≈ÿ¡à °—π‰¥â.
‡´≈≈å°≈ÿà¡π’È®–∂Ÿ°π”‰ª‡°“–Õ¬Ÿà∫π·¡à
·∫∫∑’Ë  — ß ‡§√“–Àå ®“° “√摇»…‡ªìπ
√ŸªÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥°≈«ß. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡´≈≈凰“–
‰¥â¥’·≈â«°Á„ àµ—«ªíö¡∑’ˇÀ¡◊ÕπÀ—«„®§Õ¬
Õ— ¥ ·√ߥ— π ‡¢â “ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥∑’Ë   √â “ ߢ÷È π
π—Èπ„Àâ¡’§«“¡·¢Áß·√ß §ß∑π ‡æ◊ËÕπ”
‰ª„™â‰¥âµàÕ‰ª.Ò,Ú «‘∑¬“°“√¥—ß°≈à“«
π’È ‡ªìπ»“ µ√å„À¡à∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ «‘»«-
°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ.
ª√–¥‘…∞°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‡ªìπª√–-
¥‘ … ∞°√√¡¢Õß¡πÿ … ¬å ∑’Ë æ ¬“¬“¡„™â
°√√¡«‘∏∑’ “ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √â“߇π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ
 “√æÕ≈’¬å‡¡Õ√å∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â∑”‚§√ß√à“ß —߇§√“–Àå
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜
‚§√ß√à“ß —߇§√“–Àå ∑’¥Ë ¥Ÿ «â ¬°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πåÕ‡’ ≈Á°µ√Õπ
· ¥ß√Ÿª·∫∫µà“ßÊ
„π°“√π”¡“∑¥·∑π‡π◊È Õ ‡¬◊Ë Õ À√◊ Õ
Õ«—¬«–∑’ˇ ’¬À“¬Û,Ù, ´÷Ëß„™â»“ µ√å«‘™“
°“√À≈“¬·¢π߇¢â“¡“√à«¡¥â«¬°—π ´÷Ëß
Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬¡’ Û Õߧåª√–°Õ∫ §◊Õ.
Ò. ‡´≈≈å™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ¢ÕßÕ«—¬«–
π—Èπ.
Ú.  “√°√–µÿâ π ∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ ‡ ´≈≈å ¡’
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ πÕßµÕ∫.
Û. ‚§√ß√à“ß∑’„Ë À⇴≈≈å¡“‡°“–‡ªìπ
√Ÿª√à“ßı,ˆ.
„π Û Õߧåª√–°Õ∫π’È ‡´≈≈凪ìπ
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫À≈—°. Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ·≈–
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ‡ °’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ‡´≈≈å ¡’ § «“¡
°â“«ÀπⓉª¡“°. Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿ‡â √◊ÕË ß‡´≈≈å
§◊Õ °“√§âπæ∫‡´≈≈åµâ𰔇𑥠(stem
cell)˜,¯, °“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß
‡´≈≈å, °“√‡¢â“„®°≈«‘∏“π«ß®√°“√·∫àß
µ—«‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π¢Õ߇´≈≈å, °≈«‘∏“π
°“√µ“¬¢Õ߇´≈≈å (apoptosis), °“√
°√–µÿâ π „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ °“√®”·π°™π‘ ¥ ‡´≈≈å
(cell differentiation). §«“¡°â“«Àπâ“
∑“߇∑§‚π‚≈¬’‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡√◊ËÕ߇´≈≈å §◊Õ
°“√ √â“߇´≈≈åµâ𰔇𑥵—«ÕàÕπ ´÷Ëß
‡ªì π ‡´≈≈å µâ π °”‡π‘ ¥ ¢Õ߇´≈≈å µà “ ßÊ
„π√à“ß°“¬ ¥—ß∑’Ë𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«– ·≈–√“™

√Ÿª∑’Ë ı
‚§√ß√à“ß —߇§√“–Àå ”À√—∫„À⇴≈≈å∫ÿÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·≈– √Ÿª∑’Ë ¯
‡´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡√’¬∫¡“‡°“–‡æ◊ËÕ∑”‡ªìπÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ Õÿª°√≥å∑’ËÕÕ°·∫∫摇»… ”À√—∫‡≈’Ȭ߇´≈≈å√à«¡°—∫‚§√ß√à“ß —߇§√“–Àå ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥

Õ“ππ∑å ∫ÿ≥¬–√—µ‡«™
ˆ¯ı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
∫—≥±‘µ  ÿ√æ≈ Õ‘ √‰°√»’≈ ‰¥â°≈à“«‰«â
„π∫∑§«“¡„π«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π˘. §«“¡°â“«Àπâ“∑“߇∑§‚π‚≈¬’
Õ’ ° ª√–‡¥Á π §◊ Õ §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√
‡æ“–‡≈’¬È ߇´≈≈å„ÀâÕ¬Ÿ‡à ªìπ°≈ÿ¡à ‡ªìπ°âÕπ
µ“¡‚§√ß √â“ß∑’Ë°”Àπ¥.
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫ ”§—≠µàÕ¡“§◊Õ  “√
°√–µÿâπ ·≈–‚§√ß√à“ß.
 “√°√–µÿâπ ‰¥â·°à »—¬‚µ‰§πå ∑’Ë
 ”§— ≠ §◊ Õ ªí ® ®— ¬ °“√‡®√‘ ≠ ‡µ‘ ∫ ‚µ∑’Ë
°√–µÿπâ „À⇴≈≈å·∫àßµ—«‡æ‘¡Ë ®”π«π ·≈–
¡’°“√®”·π°™π‘¥µ“¡µâÕß°“√Ò.
 à«π‚§√ß√à“ß ¡’ Ú ª√–‡¿∑ §◊Õ
‚§√ß√à“ßµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ÒÒ ‰¥â·°à ‚§√ß
√à“ß∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ “√∑’ËÀ≈—ËßÕÕ°¡“
®“°‡´≈≈å À√◊Õ “√‚ª√µ’π·≈– “√Õ◊πË Ê
„π√à“ß°“¬∑’ÕË ¬Ÿπà Õ°‡´≈≈å (extracellu-
lar matrix). ‚§√ß√à“ßÕ’°ª√–‡¿∑
Àπ÷ßË §◊Õ ‚§√ß√à“ß —߇§√“–Àå (synthetic
scaffold)ÒÚ,ÒÛ. ‚§√ß√à“ß —߇§√“–Àå
 à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ “√ª√–‡¿∑æÕ≈’¬å‡¡Õ√å
∑’Ë ¡’   ¡∫— µ‘ „ °≈â ‡ §’ ¬ ß∏√√¡™“µ‘ ¡ “°
·≈–§«√¡’   ¡∫— µ‘   ≈“¬µ— « ‰ªµ“¡
∏√√¡™“µ‘‰¥â.
°√–∫«π°“√ª√–¥‘ … ∞°√√¡
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ ¡’¢—ÈπµÕπ¥—ßπ’È
°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È ¬ ߇´≈≈å ·≈–°“√
∑”„À⇴≈≈å®”·π°™π‘¥. ¢—ÈπµÕππ’È
µâÕß¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡‡¢â“„®‡√◊ËÕßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
§◊Õ
Ò. °“√®—¥°“√‡√’¬ßµ—«¢Õ߇´≈≈å
„À⇪ìπ‚§√ß√à“ß∑’´Ë ∫— ´âÕπ¢÷πÈ .
Ú. °“√»÷ ° …“ ¿“«–√–À«à “ ß
‡´≈≈å°—∫·¡∑√‘°´åπÕ°‡´≈≈å (ECM)
´÷ËßµâÕ߇¢â“„®≈÷°≈߉ª∂÷ß√–¥—∫Õ≥Ÿ¢Õß
·¡∑√‘°´å. ·¡∑√‘°´åª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
¢Õß ”§—≠§◊Õ §Õ≈≈“‡®π, ‰ø‚∫√-
‡π§µ‘π, ≈“¡‘ππ‘ ·≈–‚ª√∑’‚Õ°≈—¬·§π.
Û. °“√™— ° π”„Àâ ¡’ ° “√æ— ≤ π“
‡´≈≈凪ìπ‡π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË ·≈–Õ«—¬«–∑’µË Õâ ß°“√.
Ù. °√–∫«π°“√°”‡π‘¥ —≥∞“π
(morphogenesis) ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ‚¥¬°àÕµ—«
‡ªìπ√Ÿª√à“ß. °“√æ—≤π“°àÕµ—«¡’·∫∫
·ºπ‡ªìπ√Ÿª∑√ß∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡°«â“ß ¬“« ≈÷°
·≈–¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ´â“¬ ¢«“ ´÷Ëß à«π„À≠à
‡ªì π ≈— ° …≥– ¡¡“µ√. «‘ » «°√√¡
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ∑’Ë¥’§«√µâÕߥ”‡π‘π°“√‡≈’¬π
°”‡π‘¥ —≥∞“π·∫∫∏√√¡™“µ‘.
°“√¥”‡π‘ π °“√«‘ » «°√√¡
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ∑’Ë„™â„π·π«∑“ß∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß
°”‡π‘¥ —≥∞“π ¡’ Ÿµ√°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√
„À≠àÊ Û ª√–°“√§◊Õ
- °“√ √â “ ß — ≠ ≠“≥™— ° π”
(inductive morphogenetic signals).
‡´≈≈å·≈– ECM ‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫∑’Ë
Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬°—π ∂â“ “¡“√∂™—°π”„À⇰‘¥
°√– «π°“√°àÕ√à“߇´≈≈å·≈– ECM
Õ¬à“ß¡’·∫∫·ºπ. ‡´≈≈å·≈– ECM
°Á®–¡’°“√¥”‡π‘π°√–∫«π°“√¥â«¬µ—«
‡Õ߉ª„π·π«∑“߇¥’ ¬ «°— ∫ °”‡π‘ ¥
 —≥∞“π.
- °“√À“‡´≈≈å µâ π °”‡π‘ ¥ ∑’Ë
 “¡“√∂∂Ÿ°™—°π”‰¥â. ‡´≈≈åµâ𰔇π‘¥
π’ȧ«√‡ªìπ√–¬–∑’ËæÕ‡À¡“–°—∫‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ
À√◊ Õ Õ«— ¬ «–∑’Ë µâ Õ ß°“√„Àâ ¡’ °”‡π‘ ¥
 —≥∞“π¢÷πÈ .
- ‚§√ß√à“ßµâπ·∫∫ ”À√—∫„Àâ
·¡∑√‘°´å°Õà µ—« (extracellular matrix
scaffold). π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åµâÕßÀ“
‚§√ß√à“ßµâπ·∫∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡  ”À√—∫
„Àâ ‡ ´≈≈å ¡ “‡°“–µ‘ ¥ ·≈–°à Õ µ— « ‡ªì π
ˆ¯ˆ
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ.
«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ √â“ßÕ«—¬«–
„¥‰¥â∫“â ß
π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å∑«—Ë ‚≈°‰¥â∑”°“√
«‘ ®— ¬ §â π §«â “ æ— ≤ π“«‘ ∏’ ° “√‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ
‰¥â°“√ √â“߇π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ·≈–Õ«—¬«–µà“ßÊ
¢Õß√à“ß°“¬¡πÿ…¬å. °“√∑”«‘»«°√√¡
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕÀ√◊ÕÕ«—¬«–·µà≈–™π‘¥ ¡’‡∑§-
𑧷≈–«‘∏’°“√·µ°µà“ßÕÕ°‰ª„π√“¬
≈–‡Õ’¬¥·µàÀ≈—°°“√¡’§«“¡§≈⓬§≈÷ß
°— π . ¢Õ √ÿ ª «à “ ¢≥–π’È ‰ ¥â ¡’ ° “√∑”
«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°Õ«—¬«– ´÷Ëß
Õ¬Ÿ„à π√–À«à“ß°“√¥”‡π‘π„πÀâÕߪؑ∫µ— ‘
°“√·≈–°“√∑¥≈Õß„π — µ «å ∑ ¥≈Õß
‡ªìπ à«π„À≠à ¥—ßµ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë· ¥ß¥—ß
µàÕ‰ªπ’È.
Ò. ‡π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË ÕàÕπ ´÷ßË √«¡∂÷ß√–∫∫
‡≈◊Õ¥¥â«¬.
Ú. °√–¥Ÿ°ÒÙ,Òı
Û. °√–¥Ÿ°ÕàÕπÒˆ
Ù. À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥Ò˜
ı. ≈‘ÈπÀ—«„®Ò¯
ˆ. √–∫∫ª√– “∑Ò˘
˜. µ—∫Ú
¯. ‡´≈≈åµ∫— ÕàÕπ „π°√≥’‚√§‡∫“
À«“πÚÒ.
πÕ°®“°π’È ¡’°“√∑”‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕÕ◊Ëπ
Õ’°¡“°¡“¬ ‡™àπ °√–®°µ“ÚÚ, ∑“߇¥‘π
ªí  “«–ÚÛ ·≈–√–∫∫‡®√‘≠æ—π∏ÿå ´÷Ëß
·µà≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥·µ°µà“ß
ÕÕ°‰ª.
°“√∑”„Àâ ‡ π◊È Õ ‡¬◊Ë Õ ·≈–Õ«— ¬ «–
π—Èπ§ß ¿“æ„π√à“ß°“¬‰¥â
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ·≈–Õ«—¬«–∑’Ë √â“ߢ÷Èπ¡“
«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬å‡æ◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬å :
√Ÿª·∫∫„À¡à¢Õß°“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘
‡´≈≈å∫ÿÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥∑’Ë·∫àßµ—«‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«πßÕ°ÕÕ°¡“‡æ◊ËÕ°àÕ‚§√ß√à“߇ªìπ·¢πßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥
‡æ◊ËÕπ”¡“ª≈Ÿ°∂à“¬„π§πÀ√◊Õ —µ«å ®–
µâÕß¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘À≈—° Ú ª√–°“√ §◊Õ
Ò. ¡’À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥π”‡≈◊Õ¥¡“À≈àÕ
‡≈’¬È ߉¥â. °âÕπ‡π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË ·≈–Õ«—¬«– µâÕß
Õ“»—¬‡≈◊Õ¥¡“À≈àÕ‡≈’Ȭ߇æ◊ËÕ„À⇴≈≈å
¢Õ߇π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕÕ«—¬«–π—Èπ∑”ß“π‰¥â. °≈
«‘∏“π°“√°√–µÿâπ„Àâ¡’°“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥
‡≈◊ Õ ¥‡ªì π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë ¡’ ° “√»÷ ° …“«‘ ®— ¬ °— π
¡“°„π¢≥–π’È. πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’§«“¡
欓¬“¡∑’Ë ® – √â “ ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥¥â « ¬
°√–∫«π°“√¢Õß«‘ » «°√√¡‡π◊È Õ ‡¬◊Ë Õ
¥â«¬. ºŸ‡â ¢’¬π‰¥â¡ßÿà ‡ªÑ“ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥
®“°°“√‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߇´≈≈å∫ÿÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥
·≈–‡´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡√’¬∫. ¢—ÈπµÕπ
µàÕ‰ª §◊Õ°“√°√–µÿâπ„À⇴≈≈å∑—Èß Ú
ª√–‡¿∑π’„È Àâ°Õà √à“߇ªìπÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥∫π
‚§√ß√à“ß.  “√°√–µÿâπ§◊Õ vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
∑”„À⇴≈≈å·∫àßµ—«‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π¡“°Ê
¿“¬„µâ°“√‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߇´≈≈å„π ¿“«–
摇»…. ´÷Ëß∂â“∑” ”‡√Á®°Á®– “¡“√∂
º≈‘ µ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥¢Õß·µà ≈ –§π¡“„™â
Õ“ππ∑å ∫ÿ≥¬–√—µ‡«™
∑¥·∑π ·≈–¬—߉¥â»“ µ√å‡√◊ËÕß°“√
°√–µÿâ π „Àâ ‡ π◊È Õ ‡¬◊Ë Õ ·≈–Õ«— ¬ «– √â “ ß
À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥‡Õßµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∑’Ë®–
∑”„Àâ°“√∂à“¬ª≈Ÿ°‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ·≈–Õ«—¬«–
π—πÈ ‰¥âº≈Õ’°¥â«¬.
Ú. ¡’°“√¬Õ¡√—∫‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕÕ«—¬«–
π—È π °“√¬Õ¡√— ∫ µâ Õ ß‡°‘ ¥ ®“°√–∫∫
·Õ𵑇®π-·Õπµ‘∫Õ¥’¬å∑’ˇ¢â“°—π‰¥â.
À≈—°°“√π’È¡’·π«∑“ß∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
Ú «‘∏’°“√ §◊Õ
Ú.Ò °“√„™â‡´≈≈åµâ𰔇π‘¥.
‡´≈≈åµâπ°”‡π‘¥¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂∑’Ë·∫àß
µ—«‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π¡“°¡“¬·≈–∂Ÿ°°√–µÿâπ
„Àâ®”·π°™π‘¥‰ª‡ªìπ‡´≈≈å¢Õ߇π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË
¢ÕßÕ«—¬«–µ“¡µâÕß°“√. ‡´≈≈åµâπ
°”‡π‘¥¡’À≈“¬√–¥—∫. √–¥—∫ÕàÕπ ÿ¥
‡√’¬°«à“ ‡´≈≈åµâ𰔇𑥵—«ÕàÕπ (em-
bryonic stem cell; ES cell). ‡´≈≈å
µâ π °”‡π‘ ¥ √–¥— ∫ µ— « Õà Õ ππ’È   “¡“√∂
 √â“ߢ÷Èπ‰¥â ‚¥¬°“√∑”‚§≈ππ‘Ëß√–¥—∫
‡´≈≈å ‡æ◊ÕË „À≥⇴≈≈åµπâ °”‡π‘¥µ—«ÕàÕπ
¢Õߧπ·µà≈–§π. ‡´≈≈åµâ𰔇π‘¥π”
ˆ¯˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‰ª°√–µÿâ 𠇪ì π ‡´≈≈å ¢ ÕßÕ«— ¬ «–∑’Ë
µâ Õ ß°“√®–∑”«‘ » «°√√¡‡π◊È Õ ‡¬◊Ë Õ ‰¥â .
°“√∑”‡´≈≈傧≈ππ‘Ë߇æ◊ËÕπ”‡´≈≈剪
„™â„π°“√√—°…“ (therapeutic cell
cloning) ‡ªìπ»“ µ√å∑’ˬա√—∫„πªí®
®ÿ∫—π«à“¡’ª√–‚¬™πåÕ¬à“ß¡“°. ¢≥–π’È
À≈“¬ª√–‡∑»°”≈— ß ¥”‡π‘ π °“√«‘ ®— ¬
¥â“ππ’.È
Ú.Ú πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“°°“√‚§≈π-
π‘Ë ß ‡´≈≈å ‡ æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ‰ ¥â ‡ ´≈≈å µâ π °”‡π‘ ¥
µ—«ÕàÕπ·≈⫬—ß¡’Õ’°«‘∏’Àπ÷Ëߧ◊Õ °“√„™â
‡´≈≈åµπâ °”‡π‘¥®“°ºŸ„â À≠à (adult stem
cell). ¢≥–π’ȺŸâ‡¢’¬π‰¥â«‘®—¬‡√◊ËÕ߇´≈≈å
µâ𰔇𑥮“°ºŸ„â À≠à ™π‘¥¡’‡ π¶—¬≈åÚÙ
´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ‡´≈≈å µâ π °”‡π‘ ¥ ¢Õ߇π◊È Õ ‡¬◊Ë Õ
À≈“¬™π‘¥ ‡™àπ °√–¥Ÿ°, °√–¥Ÿ°ÕàÕπ,
‡ÕÁπ, °≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡√’¬∫, ‡´≈≈å∫ÿÀ≈Õ¥
‡≈◊Õ¥, ‰¢¡—π, ‰¢°√–¥Ÿ° ·≈–‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥.
°“√„™â‡´≈≈åµâ𰔇𑥇µÁ¡«—¬ºŸâ„À≠àπ’È
¡’¢âÕ¥’∑’Ë«à“À“‰¥â®“°§ππ—Èπ‰¥â‡≈¬ ‰¡à
µâÕß∑”‚§≈ππ‘ßË ‡´≈≈å.
Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ‡√◊ËÕß°”‡π‘¥ —≥∞“π
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò
°“√¬âÕ¡¥â«¬ ’ “√‡√◊Õß· ß‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß«à“‡´≈≈å∑’ËßÕ°¡“§◊Õ‡´≈≈å∫ÿÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥´÷Ëßµ‘¥ ’‡¢’¬«‡√◊Õß· ß

®–™à « ¬„π°“√∑”«‘ » «°√√¡‡π◊È Õ ‡¬◊Ë Õ

·≈–°“√∑” regeneration ¢Õ߇π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË
À√◊ Õ Õ«— ¬ «–ßà “ ¬¢÷È π . ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂
ÕÕ°·∫∫°“√¥”‡π‘ 𠉥â ∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ßµ“¡
°√–∫«π°“√∑“ß∏√√¡™“µ‘¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥.

 √ÿª
«‘ » « ° √ √ ¡ ‡ π◊È Õ ‡ ¬◊Ë Õ ‡ ªì π ∑—È ß
«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ·≈–»‘≈ª–, ºŸâ∑’Ë¥”‡π‘π
°“√¥â “ ππ’È § «√¡’ ≈— ° …≥–¡ÿ ¡ ¡Õ߇™‘ ß
 √â“ß √√§å Ÿß ·≈–µâÕß¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ«‘™“
°“√‡√◊ËÕ߇´≈≈凪ìπÕ¬à“ߥ’.
°“√π”‡√◊Ë Õ ß‡´≈≈å µâ π °”‡π‘ ¥ ¡“
ª√–¬ÿ°µå‡¢â“°—∫°“√∑”ª√–¥‘…∞°√√¡
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ ®–∑”„Àâ»—°¬¿“æ¢Õß«‘»«-
√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÒ °√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ·≈–𔉪 Ÿà§«“¡
‡´≈≈åµâπ°”‡π‘¥¡’‡ π¶—¬¡å∑’ˇ擖‡≈’Ȭ߄πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ ‡´≈≈å‡À≈à“π’È®–∂Ÿ°°√–µÿâπ„À⇪ìπ‡´≈≈å™π‘¥µà“ßÊ √«¡∑—Èß  ”‡√Á®„π°“√𔉪„™â„π°“√√—°…“ ‰¥â
‡´≈≈å∫ÿÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·≈–‡´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡√’¬∫ ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â„π°√–∫«π°“√«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕµàÕ‰ª. ‡´≈≈å∑’ˇÀÁππ’Èπ”¡“ „πÕ𓧵.
¥Ÿ„π¢≥–∑’ˇ´≈≈嬗ߡ’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà °√–∫«π°“√«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ

«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬å‡æ◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬å :
ˆ¯¯
√Ÿª·∫∫„À¡à¢Õß°“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÚ
‡´≈≈åµâπ°”‡π‘¥¡’‡ π¶—¬ å™π‘¥‡¥’¬«°—π∑’Ëπ”¡“¬âÕ¡ ’·≈â«

√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÛ
°“√∑”«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË ®“°‡´≈≈åµπâ °”‡π‘¥‡æ◊ÕË °“√
√—°…“. ‡´≈≈宓°ºŸªâ «É ¬∂Ÿ°π”¡“∑”‚§≈ππ‘ßË „À⇪ìπ
‡´≈≈åµâ𰔇𑥵—«ÕàÕπ ·≈–°√–µâÿπ„À⇪ìπ‡´≈≈å
™π‘¥µà“ßÊ µ“¡µâÕß°“√. ‡´≈≈å™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ‡À≈à“π’È
∂Ÿ°π”¡“ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‡æ◊ËÕ
∂à“¬ª≈Ÿ°§◊π ŸàºŸâªÉ«¬µàÕ‰ª

Õ“ππ∑å ∫ÿ≥¬–√—µ‡«™
ˆ¯˘
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ®“°‡´≈≈åµâπ°”‡π‘¥™π‘¥ºŸâ„À≠à
°“√°√–µÿâπ„Àâ·∫àßµ—«‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π
‡´≈≈åµâπ°”‡π‘¥™π‘¥ºŸâ„À≠à
°“√°√–µÿâπ„Àâ®”·π°™π‘¥
‡´≈≈å°√–¥Ÿ° ‡´≈≈å°√–¥Ÿ°ÕàÕπ ‡´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ ‡´≈≈傧√ß√à“ß ‡´≈≈å‡ÕÁπ ‡´≈≈剢¡—π
°“√°√–µâÿπ„Àâ¡’æ—≤π“°“√¢Õ߇´≈≈å
°“√ √â“߇π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ®“°‡´≈≈å∑’Ëæ—≤π“·≈â«
√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÙ
«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ®“°‡´≈≈åµâπ°”‡π‘¥™π‘¥ºŸâ„À≠à. ‡´≈≈åµâ𰔇π‘¥∑’Ë¡’Õ¬àŸ·≈â«„πºŸâ„À≠à∂Ÿ°π”¡“°√–µÿâπ„Àâ·∫àß
µ—«‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π, °√–µÿâπ„Àâ®”·π°™π‘¥ ·≈–°√–µÿâπ„Àâ¡’æ—≤π“°“√¢Õ߇´≈≈å„π«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ
¢≥–π’ÕÈ ¬Ÿ„à π¢—πÈ µÕπ∑“ßÀâÕߪؑ∫µ— °‘ “√ Ú. Edelman ER. Vascular tissue engi-
‚¥¬„™â‡´≈≈å·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ®“°§πÀ√◊Õ neering: designer arteries. Circ Res
 —µ«å. °“√π”¡“ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â„π‡™‘ß 1999; 85: 1115-7.
Û. Atala A. Engineering tissues and or-
√—°…“Õ“®∑”‰¥â·§à√–¥—∫‡´≈≈å À√◊Õ gans. Curr Opin Urol 1999; 9: 517-
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ·µà¬—߉¡à∂÷ߢ—ÈπÕ«—¬«–, ·µà¡’ 26.
Ù. Kim SS, Vacanti JP. The current sta-
·π«‚πâ¡ Ÿß∑’Ë®–𔉪 Ÿà¬ÿ§¢Õß°“√∑” tus of tissue engineering as potential
Õ«—¬«–„πÕ𓧵Úı. therapy. Semin Pediatr Surg 1999;
8: 119-23.
ı. Chapekar MS. Tissue engineering:
challenges and opportunities. J
Biomed Mater Res 2000; 53: 617-
20.
ˆ. Niklason LE, Langer R. Prospects
for organ and tissue replacement.
JAMA 2001; 285: 573-6.
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß ˜. Huang JI, Beanes SR, Zhu M, Lorenz
Ò. Lûheureux N, Paquet S, Labbe R, HP, Hedrick MH, Benhaim P. Rat
Germain L, Auger FA. A completely extramedullary adipose tissue as a
biological tissue-engineered human source of osteochondrogenic progeni-
blood vessel. FASEB J 1998; 12:47- tor cells. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;
56. 109: 1033-41.
ˆ˘
¯. Hori Y, Nakamura T, Kimura D,
Kaino K, Kurokawa Y, Satomi S,
Shimizu Y. Experimental study on
tissue engineering of the small intes-
tine by mesenchymal stem cell seed-
ing. J Surg Res 2002; 102: 156-60.
˘. Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«–,  ÿ√æ≈ Õ‘ √‰°√»’≈.
‡´≈≈åµπâ °”‡π‘¥. «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
2545; 27: 153-7.
Ò. Muschler GF, Midura RJ. Connec-
tive tissue progenitors: practical con-
cepts for clinical applications. Clin
Orthop 2002; 2002: 66-80.
ÒÒ. Clarke DR, Lust RM, Sun YS, Black
KS, Ollerenshaw JD. Transforma-
tion of nonvascular acellular tissue
matrices into durable vascular con-
duits. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71
Suppl): S433-6.
ÒÚ. Kwon IK, Park KD, Choi SW, Lee
SH, Lee EB, Na JS, et al. Fibroblast
culture on surface-modified poly
(glycolide-co-epsilon-caprolactone)
scaffold for soft tissue regeneration.
J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2001; 12:
1147-60.
ÒÛ. Yang S, Leong KF, Du Z, Chua CK.
The design of scaffolds for use in tis-
sue engineering. Part II. rapid
prototyping Techniques. Tissue Eng
2002; 8: 1-11.
ÒÙ. Laurencin CT, Ambrosio AM,
Borden MD, Cooper JA Jr. Tissue
engineering: orthopedic applications.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng 1999; 1: 19-
46.
Òı. Temenoff JS, Mikos AG. Injectable
biodegradable materials for orthope-
dic tissue engineering. Biomaterials
2000; 21: 2405-12.
Òˆ. Yung Lee J, Hall R, Pelinkovic D,
Cassinelli E, Usas A, Gilbertson L,
et al. New use of a three-dimen-
sional pellet culture system for hu-
man intervertebral disc cells: initial
characterization and potential use for
tissue engineering. Spine 2001 Nov
1; 26: 2316-22.
Ò˜. Watanabe M, Shinoka T, Tohyama
S, Hibino N, Konuma T, Matsumura
«‘»«°√√¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬å‡æ◊ËÕ¡πÿ…¬å :
√Ÿª·∫∫„À¡à¢Õß°“√ √â“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

G, et al. Tissue-engineered vascular
autograft: inferior vena cava replace-
ment in a dog model. Tissue Eng
2001; 7: 429-39.
Ò¯. Fabiani JN, Dreyfus GD, Marchand
M, Jourdan J, Aupart M, Latremouille
C, et al. The autologous tissue car-
diac valve: a new paradigm for heart
valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg
1995; 60: 189-94.
Ò˘. Woerly S, Plant GW, Harvey AR.
Neural tissue engineering: from poly-
mer to biohybrid organs. Biomaterials
1996; 17: 301-10.
Ú. De Bartolo L, Bader A. Review of a
flat membrane bioreactor as a
bioartificial liver. Ann Transplant
2001; 6: 40-6.
ÚÒ. Cui W, Kim DH, Imamura M, Hyon
SH, Inoue K. Tissue-engineered pan-
creatic islets: culturing rat islets in
the chitosan sponge. Cell Transplant
2001; 10: 499-502.
ÚÚ. Germain L, Auger FA, Grandbois E,
Guignard R, Giasson M, Boisjoly H,
et al. Reconstructed human cornea
produced in vitro by tissue engineer-
ing. Pathobiology 1999; 67:140-7.
ÚÛ. Yoo JJ, Atala A. Tissue engineering
applications in the genitourinary tract
system. Yonsei Med J 2000; 41: 789-
802.
ÚÙ. Õ“ππ∑å ∫ÿ≥¬–√—µ‡«™, »‘≈“Õ“ πå M,
∫ÿ≥¬–√—µ‡«™ P. Imitation of bone mar-
row condition by using peripheral
blood cell culture. Engineering Tis-
sue Growth International Conference
and Exposition, Pittsburgh, March
26-29, 2001.
Úı. Õ“ππ∑å ∫ÿ≥¬–√—µ‡«™. ∏𓧓√Õ«—¬«–,
‚§≈ππ‘Ë߇∑§‚π‚≈¬’ –∑â“π‚≈°. ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ¿“,  «∑™ ÚıÙÙ: ˜˘-˘ı.

Abstract Human Tissue Engineering for Humanity: A Model for Creating Blood Vessels
Ahnond Bunyaratvej
Associate Member, the Academy of Science, the Royal Institute, Thailand
Tissue engineering has the potential to solve the transplantation crisis due to the shortage of
donor tissues and organs. Human tissues or organs, which are hopelessly damaged or diseased, will
be replaced in the future. Then it may be possible to extend human life owing to the abundant
supply of tissue or organ spare parts. Human hearts are in the process of being “manufactured” in
the laboratory in the United States and may become wider available by the year 2010. Not only the
heart but also many other organs are in the process of tissue engineering including soft tissue, bone,
cartilage, cardiac valves, nerve, liver and pancreas. In Thailand, the first research on tissue engineer-
ing has been carried out for making blood vessels. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells have
been grown in the laboratory. The cells were stimulated for cell proliferation using cell interaction
with an extracellular matrix or scaffold. Blood vessels created in the laboratory may be used for
replacement in some diseases, for example, cardiovascular disease. Tissue engineering and related
knowledge of stem cells and stem cell technology could be combined for the benefit of humans.
There are two possibilities for using stem cells for tissue engineering: embryonic stem cells and
adult stem cells. Adult stem cells are available from patients, whereas embryonic stem cells have to
be created by cell cloning technology. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), one of the adult stem cells,
are isolated from human blood. MSC are stimulated to differentiate into endothelial cells and smooth
muscle cells. Coculture of these two cell types in a matrix or scaffold device will be carried out for
blood vessel formation. Tissue engineering of blood vessels will help patients by solving the prob-
lem of human blood vessel supply. Tissue engineering is a challenging attempt of humans to ben-
efit humanity.
Key words : blood vessels, stem cells, tissue engineering

Õ“ππ∑å ∫ÿ≥¬–√—µ‡«™
ˆ˘Ò
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002 π‘æπ∏å

µâπ©∫—∫
°“√°”®—¥ ’¬âÕ¡√’·Õ°∑’ø‚¥¬ ≥—∞æ—π∏ÿå »ÿ¿°“
°“≠®≥“ ®—π∑Õß®’π
·∫§∑’‡√’¬¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥ ¿“§«‘™“®ÿ≈™’««‘∑¬“
§≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
·∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°/·Õ‚√∫‘°  ¡»—°¥‘Ï ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘»
√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

 “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’˧—¥·¬°‰¥â®“°√–∫∫∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬¢Õß‚√ßß“πøÕ°
¬âÕ¡¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√°”®—¥ ’¬âÕ¡√’·Õ°∑’ø™π‘¥∑’Ë¡’‚¶√‚¡øÕ√å
„πª√‘¡“≥¡“° √«¡∑—Èß¡’§à“„™â®à“¬„π
‡ªìπÕ–‚´ §◊Õ √’·Õ°∑’ø ’ â¡ Òˆ, √’·Õ°∑’ø ’¥” ı, √’·Õ°∑’ø ’¡à«ß ı °“√∫”∫—¥ Ÿß. ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√„™â«‘∏’∫”∫—¥
·≈–™π‘¥∑’¡Ë ‚’ ¶√‚¡øÕ√凪ìπ·Õπ∑√“§«‘‚ππ §◊Õ √’·Õ°∑’ø ’π”È ‡ß‘π Ò˘ ∑“ß™’«¿“æ®÷߇À¡“–∑’Ë®–π”¡“„™â„π
„ππÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå∑’Ë¡’·ªÑß·≈–°√¥·Õ»’µ‘§‡ªìπ·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ¥â«¬ °“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬®“°‚√ßß“πøÕ°¬âÕ¡.
°√–∫«π∫”∫— ¥ ·∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘ ° µ“¡¥â « ¬·Õ‚√∫‘ ° . ®“°º≈°“√  ’¬Õâ ¡√’·Õ°∑’ø‚¥¬‡©æ“–™π‘¥∑’Ë
∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“ ’ à«π„À≠à®–∂Ÿ°°”®—¥„π√–À«à“ß°“√∫”∫—¥·∫∫·Õπ-
·Õ‚√∫‘° „π¢≥–∑’§Ë “à ´’‚Õ¥’ «à π„À≠à®–≈¥≈ß„π√–À«à“ß°“√∫”∫—¥‡‡∫∫
¡’‚§√ß √â“߇ªìπÕ–‚´ ‡ªìπ ’¬âÕ¡∑’Ë
·Õ‚√∫‘°. ‡¡◊ËÕ»÷°…“º≈¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“ß∑’Ë¡’µàÕ ‰¡à “¡“√∂°”®—¥‰¥â‚¥¬°√–∫«π°“√
°“√°”®—¥ ’ æ∫«à“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿßª“π°≈“ß (Û˜-ı Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬ ) ∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬·∫∫·Õ‚√∫‘°∑—«Ë ‰ª‰¥â ‡™àπ
·≈–§à“§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“߇ªìπ°≈“ßÀ√◊Õ¥à“ßÕàÕπÊ (æ’‡Õ™ ˜-˘) √–∫∫·Õ°∑‘‡«‡∑Á¥ ≈—¥®å ‡π◊ËÕß®“° ’
∑”„Àâª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬„π°“√°”®—¥ ’ Ÿß¢÷Èπ. ®“°°“√ ¬âÕ¡¥—ß°≈à“«¡’ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√≈–≈“¬πÈ”
«‘‡§√“–Àå “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑‡’Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ √–À«à“ß°√–∫«π°“√°”®—¥ ’∑ß—È Ú ¢—πÈ µÕπ
¥â«¬ HPLC æ∫«à“ ’¬âÕ¡Õ–‚´®–∂Ÿ°‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª‡ªìπ “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑’ˉ¡à¡’
‰¥â¥’ ·≈–¡’‚§√ß √â“ß∑“߇§¡’∑∑’Ë π∑“π
 ’„π¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√∫”∫—¥·∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°, ·≈– “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ µàÕ°“√¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬‚¥¬®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å, „π
®–∂Ÿ°¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬µàÕ‰ª„π°“√∫”∫—¥·∫∫·Õ‚√∫‘°  à«π ’¬âÕ¡·Õπ∑ ¢≥–∑’Ë¡’√“¬ß“π«à“°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥
√“§«‘‚ππ®–∂Ÿ°°”®—¥‚¥¬°≈«‘∏“π°“√¥Ÿ¥´—∫√–À«à“ß ’°—∫‡´≈≈å¢Õß ·∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘ °  “¡“√∂°”®— ¥  ’
·∫§∑’‡√’¬. ™π‘¥π’ȉ¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ·µà¡’
§” ”§—≠ : °“√°”®—¥ ’,  ’¬Õâ ¡√’·Õ°∑’ø, ·∫§∑’‡√’¬, °√–∫«π ¢âÕ‡ ’¬§◊Õ  “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ
°“√·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°/·Õ‚√∫‘°  “√·Õ‚√·¡µ‘° ·Õ¡’π∑’ˉ¡à “¡“√∂
∂Ÿ°¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬µàÕ‰ª‰¥â„π√–∫∫·Õπ·Õ-
∫∑π” ∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’ ‡™àπ °√–∫«π ‚√∫‘°. ß“π«‘®¬— À≈“¬™‘πÈ Ò-Ù ‰¥â√“¬ß“π
πÈ” ∑‘È ß ®“°Õÿ µ  “À°√√¡ ‘Ë ß ∑Õ °“√®—∫°âÕπ (‚§·Õ°°Ÿ‡≈™—π) ‚¥¬ “√ «à“°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥∑“ß™’«¿“æ∑’Ë„™â
®— ¥ ‡ªì π  “‡Àµÿ ∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ªí ≠ À“ ‘Ë ß ‡§¡’, °“√¥Ÿ¥µ‘¥º‘«, °“√ÕÕ°´‘‡¥™—π- °“√∫”∫— ¥ ·∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘ ° √à « ¡°— ∫
·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë∑«’§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß¡“°¢÷Èπ„π √’¥—°™—π, °“√„™â‰øøÑ“‡§¡’. Õ¬à“߉√ °“√∫”∫—¥·∫∫·Õ‚√∫‘° “¡“√∂∫”∫—¥
ªí®®ÿ∫—π. ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª°“√°”®—¥ ’¢ÕßπÈ” °Áµ“¡ «‘∏’°“√∫”∫—¥¥—ß°≈à“«¡’¢âÕ‡ ’¬ πÈ”‡ ’¬®“°‚√ßß“πøÕ°¬âÕ¡‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’
‡ ’¬®“°‚√ßß“πøÕ°¬âÕ¡®–„™â«‘∏’°“√ §◊Õ¡’µ–°Õπ¢’È‚≈â ( ≈—¥®å‡§¡’) ·≈– ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ, ‚¥¬∑’®Ë ≈ÿ π‘ ∑√’¬„å π√–∫∫

°“√°”®—¥ ’¬âÕ¡√’·Õ°∑’ø‚¥¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬¥â«¬
ˆ˘Ú
°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥·∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°/·Õ‚√∫‘°
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘ ° ®–∑”°“√°”®— ¥  ’ ‚ ¥¬ ·Õ‚√∫‘°, „π™à«ß∑’Ë Ú °“√»÷°…“º≈ ·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπµ“¡ Ÿµ√¢Õß OûNeill

‡ª≈’ˬπ‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß ’¬âÕ¡™π‘¥Õ–‚´
‰ª‡ªìπ “√·Õ‚√·¡µ‘°·Õ¡’π´÷Ëßßà“¬
µàÕ°“√¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬‚¥¬®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π
√–∫∫°“√∫”∫—¥·∫∫·Õ‚√∫‘°∑’µË “¡¡“.
¢â Õ ¥’ Õ’ ° Õ¬à “ ßÀπ÷Ë ß ¢Õß«‘ ∏’ ° “√∫”∫— ¥
·∫∫π’È §◊ Õ  “¡“√∂≈¥ª√‘ ¡ “≥¢’È ‚ ≈â ∑’Ë
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°√–∫∫∫”∫—¥‰¥â‡æ√“–‰¡à®”
‡ªìπµâÕ߇µ‘¡ “√‡§¡’∑’Ë„™â„π°“√°”®—¥
 ’¬âÕ¡.
„πß“π«‘ ®— ¬ π’È ‰ ¥â ∑”°“√§— ¥ ·¬°
·∫§∑’‡√’¬®“°√–∫∫∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬¢Õß
‚√ßß“πøÕ°¬âÕ¡ ‡‡≈â«π”¡“»÷°…“°“√
°”®— ¥  ’ ¬â Õ ¡√’ · Õ°∑’ ø ∑’Ë ¡’ ‚ §√ß √â “ ß
∑“߇§¡’·µ°µà“ß°—π‚¥¬„™â°√–∫«π
°“√∫”∫—¥™’«¿“æ·∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°
µ“¡¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√·Õ‚√∫‘°, ‚¥¬
·∫àß°“√∑¥≈ÕßÕÕ°‡ªìπ Û ™à«ß. „π
™à « ß·√°∑”°“√»÷ ° …“∂÷ ß ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ -
¿“æ„π°“√°”®—¥ ’¬âÕ¡√’·Õ°∑’ø‚¥¬
„™â°√–∫«π°“√·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°µ“¡¥â«¬
¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“ß
∑’Ë ¡’ µà Õ ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ„π°“√°”®— ¥  ’
¢Õß·∫§∑’ ‡ √’ ¬ , ·≈–„π™à « ß ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬
∑”°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ
®“°°“√°”®— ¥  ’ ¢ Õß·∫§∑’ ‡ √’ ¬ ∑—È ß „π
√–∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°·≈–·Õ‚√∫‘° ‡æ◊ËÕ
„Àâ ‡ ¢â “ „®°≈«‘ ∏ “π¢Õß·∫§∑’ ‡ √’ ¬ „π
°“√°”®—¥ ’¬Õâ ¡·µà≈–™π‘¥„π√–∫∫.
«‘∏’°“√∑¥≈Õß
 ’¬Õâ ¡
 ’∑„Ë’ ™â„π°“√∑¥≈Õß¡’ Ù ™π‘¥ ¥—ß
· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò.
°“√‡æ‘Ë ¡ ®”π«π·∫§∑’ ‡ √’ ¬ ∑’Ë
 “¡“√∂°”®—¥ ’
π”µ— « Õ¬à “ ߥ‘ π À√◊ Õ πÈ” ‡ ’ ¬ ®“°
‚√ßß“πøÕ°¬âÕ¡¡“‡µ‘¡≈ß„ππÈ”‡ ’¬
 —߇§√“–Àå∑¡Ë’ ·’ ªÑß·≈–°√¥·Õ»’µ°‘ ‡ªìπ
·≈–§≥–Ù ∫ࡇ™◊ÈÕ„π ¿“«–·Õπ·Õ-
‚√∫‘° ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Û Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬ 
À√◊ÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß®π°√–∑—Ëß ’À“¬‰ª.
®“°π—Èπ∂à“¬πÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå∑’Ë¡’°“√
≈¥ ’‰ª¬—ßπÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå∑’ˇµ√’¬¡
„À¡à. ∑”¢—ÈπµÕππ’È∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ı §√—Èß
‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡æ‘Ë ¡ ª√‘ ¡ “≥®ÿ ≈‘ π ∑√’ ¬å ∑’Ë   “¡“√∂
°”®—¥ ’.
°“√§—¥·¬°·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ Ë “¡“√∂
°”®—¥ ’
π”πÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå∑’Ë¡’°“√≈¥ ’
À≈—ß°“√∂à“¬‡™◊ÈÕ§√∫ ı §√—Èß ¡“§—¥
·¬°·∫§∑’‡√’¬‚¥¬‡©æ“–·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë
°”®—¥ ’‰¥â∫πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ·¢Áß, ∫à¡
∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Û Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬  À√◊Õ
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß  —߇°µ‰¥â«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë
 “¡“√∂¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ ’‰¥â®– √â“ß∫√‘‡«≥
„ √Õ∫π‘§¡‡™◊ÕÈ ∫πº‘«Àπâ“Õ“À“√·¢Áß.
π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’˧—¥·¬°‰¥â‰ª‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭß

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò
‚§√ß √â“ß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢Õß ’¬âÕ¡√’·Õ°∑’ø∑—Èß Ù ™π‘¥∑’Ë„™â„π°“√∑¥≈Õß (∫√‘…—∑‰¥ µ“√å, ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬)
Cu
O
O NHCOCH3
NHCOCH3 +
Na +
O–3SOCH2CH2O2S N=N Na O–3SOCH2CH2O2S N=N
+_
Na O3S _
Na+ O3S SO–3Na+

°. √’·Õ°∑’ø ’ â¡ Òˆ (‚¶√‚¡øÕ√凪ìπ¡Õ‚πÕ–‚´) ¢. √’·Õ°∑’ø ’¡à«ß ı (‚¶√‚¡øÕ√凪ìπ¡Õ‚πÕ–‚´)

O NH2
Na+O–3SOCH2CH2O2S N=N SO–3Na+
SO–3Na+

O NH
Na+O–3SOCH2CH2O2S N=N SO–3Na+
SO2CH2CH2OSO–3Na+

§. √’·Õ°∑’ø ’¥” ı (‚¶√‚¡øÕ√凪ìπ‰¥Õ–‚´) ß.√’·Õ°∑’ø ’øÑ“ Ò˘ (‚¶√‚¡øÕ√凪ìπ·Õπ∏√“§«‘‚ππ)

≥—∞æ—π∏ÿå »ÿ¿°“, ·≈–§≥–

ˆ˘Û
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
µà Õ „ππÈ” ‡ ’ ¬  — ß ‡§√“–Àå ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ¬◊ π ¬— π
§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√≈¥ ’.
∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õß
·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë §—¥·¬°‰¥â „π°“√
°”®—¥ ’√’·Õ°∑’ø
‡µ√’¬¡À—«‡™◊ÕÈ ‚¥¬π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬„π
√Ÿ ª ¢Õ߇™◊È Õ º ¡∑’Ë · ¬°‰¥â ¡ “‡≈’È ¬ ß„π
πÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå∫π‡§√◊ËÕ߇¢¬à“§«“¡
‡√Á«√Õ∫ Úı √Õ∫µàÕπ“∑’ ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
Û Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬  À√◊ÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß
‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ÚÙ ™—Ë«‚¡ß. π”‡´≈≈å·∫§-
∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡ªï¬° Ò °√—¡ ‡µ‘¡≈ß
„π¢«¥´’ √— ¡ ¢π“¥ Ú ¡‘ ≈ ≈‘ ≈‘ µ √.
®“°π—Èπ‡µ‘¡πÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå∑—Èß Ù  ’
®π‡µÁ¡¢«¥. ∫ࡇ™◊ÈÕ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Û
Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬  À√◊ÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß ‚¥¬
‰¡à¡’°“√‡¢¬à“ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ÚÙ ™—Ë«‚¡ß.
À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ∂à“¬πÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå≈ß
„π¢«¥√Ÿª™¡æŸà¢π“¥ ı ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√
𔉪‡¢¬à “ ∫π‡§√◊Ë Õ ß‡¢¬à “ §«“¡‡√Á «
Úı √Õ∫µàÕπ“∑’ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Û Õß»“
‡´≈‡ ’¬  À√◊ÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß ‡ªìπ‡«≈“
ÒÚ ™—Ë«‚¡ß. ‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ßπÈ”‡ ’¬ —ß-
‡§√“–Àå ‰ ªÀ“ª√‘ ¡ “≥ ’ , §à “ ´’ ‚ Õ¥’
·≈–ª√‘¡“≥ “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑ÿ° Û ™—Ë«‚¡ß.
º≈¢ÕßÕÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ · ≈– ¿“æ
°√¥-¥à“ßµàÕ§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π
°“√°”®—¥ ’¢Õ߇™◊ÕÈ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬
º≈¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ‡µ‘¡À—«‡™◊ÈÕ
≈ß„ππÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå∑¡’Ë §’ “à §«“¡‡ªìπ
°√¥-¥à “ ߇√‘Ë ¡ µâ π ‡∑à “ °— ∫ ˜, ∫à ¡ ∑’Ë
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ú, Û À√◊ÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß,
Û˜, Ùı ·≈– ı Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬  ‚¥¬
‰¡à¡°’ “√‡¢¬à“.
º≈¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªì π °√¥-¥à “ ß
‡µ‘¡À—«‡™◊ÈÕ≈ß„ππÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå∑’Ë¡’
§à“‡√‘Ë¡µâ𧫓¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“ßµà“ß°—π
¥—ßπ’È Ù, ı, ˆ, ˜, ¯ ·≈– ˘, ∫ࡇ™◊ÈÕ∑’Ë
Û Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬  À√◊ÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß
‚¥¬‰¡à¡°’ “√‡¢¬à“.
«‘∏’°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
π”µ—«Õ¬à“ßπÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå∑‰’Ë ¥â
®“°°“√∑¥≈Õ߉ªªíπò ‡À«’¬Ë ß∑’§Ë «“¡‡√Á«
¯, √Õ∫µàÕπ“∑’ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Ò π“∑’,
·≈â«π”‰ªµ√«® Õ∫À“ª√‘¡“≥ ’, §à“
´’‚Õ¥’ ·≈– “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√
≈¥ ’ ¥—ßπ’È
°“√À“§à“´’‚Õ¥’ „™â«‘∏’ closed
reflux titration µ“¡«‘∏¡’ “µ√∞“π ¢Õß
American Public Health Associa-
tion (APHA).
°“√À“ª√‘¡“≥ ’ ‚¥¬°“√«—¥
§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ∑’Ë
¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ (λmax) ¢Õß·µà
≈– ’ ¥—ßπ’È: √’·Õ°∑’ø ’ â¡ Òˆ λmax =
Ù˘Ú π“‚π‡¡µ√, √’·Õ°∑’ø ’¡à«ß ı
λmax = ıı˜ π“‚π‡¡µ√, √’·Õ°∑’ø
 ’¥” ı λmax = ı˘ı π“‚π‡¡µ√ ·≈–
√’·Õ°∑’ø ’πÈ”‡ß‘π Ò˘ λmax = ı¯˜
π“‚π‡¡µ√. ®“°π—ÈπÀ“ª√‘¡“≥ ’‚¥¬
‡∑’ ¬ ∫§à “ °“√¥Ÿ ¥ °≈◊ π · ß°— ∫ °√“ø
¡“µ√∞“π.
°“√À“ª√‘¡“≥ “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑’Ë
‡°‘¥®“°°“√°”®—¥ ’ ∑”°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
¥â«¬ HPLC ‚¥¬π”µ—«Õ¬à“ß¡“ ı
¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ °—¥¥â«¬ ‡Õ∏‘¬å≈·Õ»’‡µµ.
®“°π—πÈ π”™—πÈ ‡Õ∏‘¬≈å ·Õ»’‡µµ‰ª√–‡À¬
‚¥¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ß√–‡À¬·Àâ ß  ÿ ≠ ≠“°“»,
≈–≈“¬¢Õß·¢Á ß ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ‚ ¥¬‡¡∏“πÕ≈
ˆ˘Ù
·≈â«π”‰ª©’¥‡¢â“‡§√◊ËÕß HPLC √ÿàπ
LC-3A (Shimadzu) ‚¥¬„™â§Õ≈—¡πå
Senshu Pak Pegasil ODS ¢π“¥
Ù.ˆ × Òı ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√ µ√«® Õ∫°“√
¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ Ú˜ı
π“‚π‡¡µ√ ‚¥¬„™â ‡ ¡∏“πÕ≈ ı
‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå‡ªìπ “√≈–≈“¬µ—«æ“ ¥â«¬
Õ—µ√“°“√‰À≈ .ı ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√µàÕπ“∑’.
º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß
°“√°”®—¥ ’¬âÕ¡√’·Õ°∑’ø‚¥¬
„™â ° √–∫«π°“√·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘ °
µ“¡¥â«¬·Õ‚√∫‘°
°“√∑¥≈Õß‚¥¬„™â°√–∫«π°“√
·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°‚¥¬„ àπÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå
‡‡≈–·∫§∑’ ‡ √’ ¬ ≈ß„π¢«¥´’ √— ¡ ¢π“¥
Ú ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ÚÙ ™—Ë«‚¡ß
µàե⫬°√–∫«π°“√·Õ‚√∫‘°„π¢«¥
√Ÿª™¡æŸ¢à π“¥ ı ¡‘≈≈‘≈µ‘ √ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“
ÒÚ ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‰¥âº≈¥—ßπ’È
§à“ ’ æ‘®“√≥“º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß
®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú æ∫«à“ ’√’‡‡Õ°∑’ø∑’Ë¡’‚§√ß
 √â“߇‡∫∫Õ–‚´ “¡“√∂∂Ÿ°°”®—¥‰¥â‡√Á«
°«à“ ’·Õπ∑√“§«‘‚ππ„π ¿“«–·Õπ-
·Õ‚√∫‘°. °“√≈¥¢Õß ’Õ–‚´®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«„π ˆ ™—Ë«‚¡ß·√°¢Õß
°√–∫«π°“√·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°.  à«π ’·Õπ-
∏√“§«‘‚ππ¡’°“√≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß
∑—Èß„π√–∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°·≈–·Õ‚√∫‘°.
 ”À√—∫ ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’¥” ı æ∫«à“ ’∂Ÿ°
°”®—¥≈߉¥â„π√–∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘° ·µà
‡¡◊ËÕ‡√‘Ë¡°√–∫«π°“√·Õ‚√∫‘°æ∫«à“¡’
 ’¥”°≈—∫¡“‡≈Á°πâÕ¬.
‡¡◊Ë Õ  ‘È π  ÿ ¥ °“√∑¥≈Õß “¡“√∂
‡ÀÁπ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π«à“ πÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå
°“√°”®—¥ ’¬âÕ¡√’·Õ°∑’ø‚¥¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬¥â«¬
°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥·∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°/·Õ‚√∫‘°
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

˘ Ú ¯ Ú

ª√‘¡“≥ ’ (¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕ≈‘µ√) æ◊πÈ ∑’„Ë µâ°√“ø

ª√‘¡“≥ ’ (¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕ≈‘µ√) æ◊πÈ ∑’„Ë µâ°√“ø

·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘° ·Õ‚√∫‘° ·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘° ·Õ‚√∫‘° Ò¯

HPLC ∑’Ë Ú˜ı π“‚π‡¡µ√ (xÒ)

HPLC ∑’Ë Ú˜ı π“‚π‡¡µ√ (xÒ)

¯ ˜
Òˆ

´’‚Õ¥’ (¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕ≈‘µ√)
˜ Òı ˆ

´’‚Õ¥’ (¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕ≈‘µ√)
ÒÙ
ˆ ı ÒÚ
ı Ò Ù Ò
Ù ¯
Û
Û ˆ
Ú ı Ú
Ù
Ò Ò Ú
   
 Û ˆ ˘ ÒÚ Òı Ò¯ ÚÒ ÚÙ Ú˜ Û ÛÛ Ûˆ  Û ˆ ˘ ÒÚ Òı Ò¯ ÚÒ ÚÙ Ú˜ Û ÛÛ Ûˆ

√’·Õ§∑’ø ’ ¡—  “√¡—∏¬—πµå ´’‚Õ¥’ √’·Õ§∑’ø ’¥”  “√¡—∏¬—πµå ´’‚Õ¥’

°.  ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’ â¡ Òˆ ¢.  ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’¥” ı
ª√‘¡“≥ ’ (¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕ≈‘µ√) æ◊πÈ ∑’„Ë µâ°√“ø
˘ ·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘° ·Õ‚√∫‘° Ò¯ ˘ ·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘° ·Õ‚√∫‘° Ú
ª√‘¡“≥ ’ (¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕ≈‘µ√) æ◊πÈ ∑’„Ë µâ°√“ø

HPLC ∑’Ë Ú˜ı π“‚π‡¡µ√ (xÒ)

Òˆ ¯
HPLC ∑’Ë Ú˜ı π“‚π‡¡µ√ (xÒ)

¯
´’‚Õ¥’ (¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕ≈‘µ√)

ÒÙ

´’‚Õ¥’ (¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕ≈‘µ√)
˜ ˜ Òı
ˆ ÒÚ ˆ
ı Ò ı
¯ Ò
Ù Ù
Û ˆ Û
Ú Ù Ú ı
Ò Ú Ò
   
 Û ˆ ˘ ÒÚ Òı Ò¯ ÚÒ ÚÙ Ú˜ Û ÛÛ Ûˆ  Û ˆ ˘ ÒÚ Òı Ò¯ ÚÒ ÚÙ Ú˜ Û ÛÛ Ûˆ

√’·Õ§∑’ø ’ ¡—  “√¡—∏¬—πµå ´’‚Õ¥’ √’·Õ§∑’ø ’¥”  “√¡—∏¬—πµå ´’‚Õ¥’

§.  ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’¡à«ß ı ß.  ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’πÈ”‡ß‘π Ò˘
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú
°“√°”®—¥ ’√’·Õ°∑’ø Ù ™π‘¥, §à“´’‚Õ¥’ ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥ “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√≈¥ ’„ππÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥‡‡∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°/·Õ‚√∫‘°

∑’˺à“π°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥∑—Èß Ú √–∫∫ µÕπ·Õ‚√∫‘°π—Èπ‡π◊ËÕß®“° “√Õ“À“√ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡ ‘ ߟ ¢÷πÈ  àߺ≈„Àâª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π

·≈â«®–‰¡à¡’ ’ª√“°Ø„Àâ‡ÀÁπ ¥—ß· ¥ß ∑’Ë„™â„π°“√∑¥≈Õ߇ªìπ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë °“√≈¥ ’ Ÿß¢÷Èπµ“¡‰ª¥â«¬, ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Û. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬„π√–∫∫ “¡“√∂𔉪„™â‰¥â Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ∑’Ë  Ÿ ß ¢÷È π  “¡“√∂ à ß º≈„Àâ
§à “ ´’ ‚ Õ¥’ º≈°“√∑¥≈Õߥ— ß ßà“¬·≈–√«¥‡√Á«„π ¿“«–∑’¡Ë Õ’ Õ°´‘‡®π. °‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ ¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬‰¡à«à“®–
· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“‚§√ß √â“ß ’ ‡ªìπ°“√À“¬„® °“√‡®√‘≠ ·≈–°“√„™â
‰¡à¡’º≈µàÕ°“√°”®—¥´’‚Õ¥’ ‚¥¬∑’Ë§à“ º≈¢Õßªí®®—¬∑“ß°“¬¿“æ∑’Ë¡’  “√Õ“À“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πÕ—µ√“∑’Ë Ÿßµ“¡‰ª
´’‚Õ¥’≈¥≈߇≈Á°πâÕ¬„π™à«ß·Õπ·Õ- µà Õ °“√°”®— ¥  ’ √’ · Õ°∑’ ø ¢Õß ¥â«¬. °‘®°√√¡µà“ßʇÀ≈à“π’È¡’ à«π
‚√∫‘° ·≈–≈¥≈ß„π™à«ß·Õ‚√∫‘°‡ªìπ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’§Ë ¥— ·¬°‰¥â ™à«¬„Àâ°“√≈¥ ’‚¥¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡°‘¥‰¥â
 à«π„À≠à ´÷Ëߪ√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√°”®—¥ º≈¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ √Ÿª∑’Ë Ù ‡‡ ¥ß √«¥‡√Á«¢÷πÈ . πÕ°®“°π’È °“√∑’ÕË ≥ ÿ À¿Ÿ¡‘
´’‚Õ¥’¡’§à“Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß√âÕ¬≈– ˘-˘ı. º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’‰Ë ¥âª√—∫‡ª≈’¬Ë πÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘  ŸßÕ“® àߺ≈„À₧√ß √â“ߢÕß ’¡ ’ ¡∫—µ‘
°“√∑’褈ҫ’‚Õ¥’≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß¡“°„π¢—Èπ „π™à«ß Ú-ı Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬  «à“‡¡◊ÕË „π°“√‡°“–µ‘¥°—∫‡´≈≈å·∫§∑’‡√’¬‰¥â¥’

≥—∞æ—π∏ÿå »ÿ¿°“, ·≈–§≥–

ˆ˘ı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

°.  ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’ â¡ Òˆ ¢.  ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’¡à«ß ı §.  ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’¥” ı ß.  ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’πÈ”‡ß‘π Ò˘

√Ÿª∑’Ë Û
≈—°…≥–¢ÕßπÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå∑’Ë¡’ ’√’·Õ°∑’ø‡‡µà≈–™π‘¥ °àÕπ·≈–À≈—ß°“√°”®—¥ ’¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°‡‡≈–‡‡Õ‚√∫‘°

¢÷Èπ ∑”„Àâ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ “¡“√∂°”®—¥ ’
‰¥âßà“¬¢÷Èπ.
Ò
º≈¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªì π °√¥-¥à “ ß
ª√‘¡“≥ ’∑∂Ë’ °Ÿ ¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ (‡ªÕ√凴πµå)

√’·Õ°∑’ø ’¡à«ß ı
√Ÿª∑’Ë ı ‡‡ ¥ß°“√°”®—¥ ’«à“‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ¯
√’·Õ°∑’ø ’ â¡ Òˆ
‰¥â ¥’ „ π™à « ߧ«“¡‡ªì π °√¥-¥à “ ß¡’ §à “ ˆ √’·Õ°∑’ø ’¥” ı
‡ªìπ°≈“ß·≈–¥à“ßÕàÕπÊ. ∑—Èßπ’ÈÕ“® √’·Õ°∑’ø ’πÈ”‡ß‘π Ò˘
Ù
‡π◊ËÕß®“° ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-
¥à“ߥ—ß°≈à“«‡À¡“–µàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠ ·≈– Ú
°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß·∫§∑’ ‡ √’ ¬ „π√–∫∫. 
πÕ°®“°π’È „π ¿“«–∑’ˇªìπ¥à“ßÕàÕπÊ  Û Û˜ Ùı ı
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ (Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ )
®–™à«¬√—°…“§à“§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“ß
¢Õß√–∫∫„Àâ§ßÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß∑’ˇªìπ°≈“ß √Ÿª∑’Ë Ù
µ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“∑’Ë „ ™â „ π°“√°”®— ¥  ’ º≈¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µàÕª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√°”®—¥ ’√’·Õ°∑’ø Ù ™π‘¥ À≈—ß°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–À凇∫∫·Õπ·Õ-
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°„π¢—È π µÕπ°“√°”®— ¥  ’ ‚ ¥¬ ‚√∫‘°‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ÒÚ ™—Ë«‚¡ß
·∫§∑’‡√’¬π—Èπ®–¡’°“√¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ “√
Õ‘π∑√’¬å·≈– √â“ß°√¥ÕÕ°¡“ ∑”„Àâ§à“
§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“ߢÕß√–∫∫≈¥≈ß. ¢Õß ’¬âÕ¡Õ–‚´∑—Èß Û ∑’˺à“π°√–∫«π  °—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬‡Õ∏‘¬å≈·Õ-
°“√∫”∫—¥¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’˧—¥·¬° »’ ‡ µµ‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡æ‘Ë ¡ §«“¡‡¢â ¡ ¢â π ¢Õß “√
°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑‡Ë’ °‘¥ ‰¥â ¥â « ¬‡∑§π‘ § ∑“ß HPLC æ∫«à “ ¡—∏¬—πµå æ∫«à“ ’¬âÕ¡Õ–‚´∑ÿ°™π‘¥®–
®“°°“√°”®—¥ ’¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ‚¶√¡“‚∑·°√¡¢ÕßπÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå ≈–≈“¬Õ¬Ÿà„π™—ÈππÈ” ∑”„À≡ࠓ¡“√∂
„π√–∫∫∫”∫—¥·∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√- „π à«π∑’Ë °—¥¥â«¬‡Õ∏‘¬å≈·Õ»’‡µµ°àÕπ µ√«®æ∫æ’§¢Õß ’¬âÕ¡·µà≈–™π‘¥„π
∫‘°µ“¡¥â«¬·Õ‚√∫‘° ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥‰¡àæ∫æ’§¢Õß ‚¶√¡“‚∑·°√¡¢Õß “√∑’Ë °—¥‚¥¬„™â
®“°°“√µ‘¥µ“¡°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß  “√¡—∏¬—πµå ‡π◊ËÕß®“°„π√–À«à“ß°“√ ‡Õ∏‘¬å≈·Õ»’‡µµ ‡‡≈–®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå

°“√°”®—¥ ’¬âÕ¡√’·Õ°∑’ø‚¥¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬¥â«¬
ˆ˘ˆ
°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥·∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°/·Õ‚√∫‘°
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

·µàπÈ”‡ ’¬∑’Ë¡’ ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’¡à«ß ı ®–¡’
Ò √’·Õ°∑’ø ’¡à«ß ı
æ’§ À≈—°Õ¬Ÿà∑’ˇ«≈“ Ù.ı˜ ·≈– ˆ.ˆ
ª√‘¡“≥ ’∑∂Ë’ °Ÿ ¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ (‡ªÕ√凴πµå)

¯ √’·Õ°∑’ø ’ â¡ Òˆ π“∑’ ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯. ‡¡◊ÕË «‘‡§√“–Àå

√’·Õ°∑’ø ’¥” ı µ—«Õ¬à“ßπÈ”‡ ’¬∑’˺à“π°“√∫”∫—¥·∫∫
ˆ √’·Õ°∑’ø ’πÈ”‡ß‘π Ò˘
·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°æ∫«à“æ’§¢Õß “√¡—∏¬—πµå
Ù ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π°√–∫«π°“√·Õπ-
Ú
·Õ‚√∫‘°¡’ª√‘¡“≥≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“߇ÀÁπ‰¥â
™—¥ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬„π√–∫∫

Ù ı ˆ ˜ ¯ ˘
·Õ‚√∫‘° “¡“√∂¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ “√¡—∏¬—πµå
§à“§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“ß ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ·≈– – ¡Õ¬Ÿà„π°√–∫«π°“√
·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°‚¥¬°“√„™â°√–∫«π°“√
√Ÿª∑’Ë ı ¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬∑’µË Õâ ß°“√ÕÕ°´‘‡®π.
º≈¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“ßµàÕª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√°”®—¥ ’√’‡‡Õ°∑’ø Ù ™π‘¥À≈—ß°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬ —߇§√“–Àå  ”À√— ∫ °“√µ‘ ¥ µ“¡°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π
‡‡∫∫‡‡Õπ‡‡Õ‚√∫‘°‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ÒÚ ™—Ë«‚¡ß.
·ª≈ߢÕß ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’πÈ”‡ß‘π Ò˘ ∑’Ë¡’
‚§√ß √â“߇ªìπ ·Õπ∏√“§«‘‚ππ. ®“°
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘ æ∫«à“‚¶√¡“‚µ·°√¡¢ÕßπÈ”
ı.ÛˆÚ

‡ ’ ¬  — ß ‡§√“–Àå „ π à « π∑’Ë   °— ¥ ‰¥â ¥â « ¬

‡Õ∏‘¬å≈·Õ»’‡µµ °àÕπºà“π°√–∫«π°“√
∫”∫— ¥ ·∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘ ° , À≈— ß ºà “ π
°√–∫«π°“√·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘° ·≈–À≈—ߺà“π
°√–∫«π°“√·Õ‚√∫‘ ° ‰¡à æ ∫æ’ § ¢Õß
 “√¡—∏¬—πµå„¥Ê · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ °“√
Û.˜ˆ˜
ı.Ûı
ˆ.ı
ÒÒ.¯ÒÚ

°”®—¥ ’·Õπ∏√“§«‘‚ππ¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬
¯.ı¯Ú

Õ“®‡°‘¥®“°°“√¥Ÿ¥´—∫ ’ °—∫¡«≈‡´≈≈å
° ¢ § ¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬¡“°°«à“∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√
¬à Õ ¬ ≈“¬‚§√ß √â “ ß‚¡‡≈°ÿ ≈ ¢Õß ’ ,
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ
HPLC ‚¶√¡“‚∑·°√¡®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåª√‘¡“≥ “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√°”®—¥ ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’ â¡ Òˆ ´÷Ë ß º≈∑’Ë ‰ ¥â   Õ¥§≈â Õ ß°— ∫ ≈— ° …≥–
°) °àÕπ°“√∫”∫—¥ °“¬¿“æ¢Õ߇´≈≈å·∫§∑’‡√’¬À≈—ߺà“π
¢) À≈—ß°“√∫”∫—¥‡‡∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘° °√–∫«π°“√∫”∫— ¥ ´÷Ë ß ¡’  ’ πÈ” ‡ß‘ π ‡¢â ¡
§) À≈—ß°“√∫”∫—¥‡‡∫∫·Õ‚√∫‘° µ°µ–°ÕπÕ¬Ÿà∫√‘‡«≥°âÕπ¢«¥´’√—¡∑’Ë
„™â„π°“√∑¥≈Õß ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ûß.
 “√≈–≈“¬ ’¡“µ√∞“πæ∫«à“ ’¬âÕ¡∑—Èß æ∫«à “ „ππÈ” ‡ ’ ¬  — ß ‡§√“–Àå ∑’Ë ¡’ √’ · Õ°
Û ™π‘¥¡’æ’§ À≈—°Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“߇«≈“ ÒÒ ∑’ø ’ â¡ Òˆ °—∫ ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’¥” ı  √ÿª·≈–«‘®“√≥åº≈°“√
∂÷ß Òı π“∑’ ·µà‡¡◊ËÕπ”µ—«Õ¬à“ßπÈ”‡ ’¬ ‡‡≈–¡’槒 ¢Õß “√¡—∏¬—πµå‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ∑’‡Ë «≈“ ∑¥≈Õß
 —߇§√“–Àå∑ºË’ “à π°√–∫«π°“√·Õπ·Õ- ı.Ûˆ ·≈– ˆ.ˆ π“∑’ ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π∑—Èß Ú
‚√∫‘°·≈â«π”¡“«‘‡§√“–Àå¥â«¬ HPLC  ’ ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ ·≈– ˜ µ“¡≈”¥—∫. ®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß √ÿ ª ‰¥â «à “

≥—∞æ—π∏ÿå »ÿ¿°“, ·≈–§≥–

ˆ˘˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥∑“ß™’«¿“æ·∫∫

ı.ÛıÚ
·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘ ° µ“¡¥â « ¬°√–∫«π°“√
∫”∫—¥·∫∫·Õ‚√∫‘° “¡“√∂𔉪„™â
„π°“√°”®— ¥  ’ ¬â Õ ¡√’ · Õ°∑’ ø ∑’Ë ª π
‡ªóÕô π„ππÈ”‡ ’¬‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
‡π◊ËÕß®“°„π°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥·∫∫

ı.ÛˆÚ
ı.ıÚ

Û.Û˘˜
·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘ °  ’ ¬â Õ ¡ à « π„À≠à ∑’Ë ¡’
Û.ıı

ÒÒ
‚§√ß √â“߇ªìπÕ–‚´®–∂Ÿ°√’¥‘«´åÕ¬à“ß
° ¢ § ‰¡à‡©æ“–‡®“–®ß‰ª‡ªìπ “√·Õ‚√¡“µ‘°
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ ·Õ¡’π ¥—ßπ—Èπ„π¢—ÈπµÕππ’È®– “¡“√∂
HPLC ‚¶√¡“‚∑·°√¡®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåª√‘¡“≥ “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√°”®—¥ ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’¥” ı °”®— ¥  ’ ¬â Õ ¡‰¥â À ≈“¬™π‘ ¥ „π‡«≈“
°) °àÕπ°“√∫”∫—¥ ‡¥’¬«°—π ®÷ßπ—∫‡ªìπ¢âÕ¥’µàÕ°“√∫”∫—¥
¢) À≈—ß°“√∫”∫—¥‡‡∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘° πÈ”‡ ’¬®“°‚√ßß“πøÕ°¬âÕ¡´÷ßË ª√°µ‘¡’
§) À≈—ß°“√∫”∫—¥‡‡∫∫·Õ‚√∫‘°  ’¬âÕ¡À≈“¬™π‘¥ªπ‡ªóôÕπÕ¬Ÿà¥â«¬°—π.
 à«π “√·Õ‚√·¡µ‘°·Õ¡’π´÷Ë߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ
„π¢—πÈ µÕπ·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°®–∂Ÿ°¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬
Ù.¯˜ı Ù.ı˜Ú

µà Õ ‰ªÕ¬à “ ß√«¥‡√Á « „π°√–∫«π°“√

˘.¯¯Ú

∫”∫—¥·∫∫·Õ‚√∫‘°∑’˵“¡¡“. ¥—ßπ—Èπ
Û.˘ˆ¯
ı.ı

°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥π’È®÷ß “¡“√∂°”®—¥
° ¢ §  ’ ¬â Õ ¡√’ · Õ°∑’ ø ‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ß ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å
πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫«à“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß·≈–
√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ ¡’ §à “ §«“¡‡ªì π °√¥-¥à “ ߇ªì π °≈“ß
HPLC ‚¶√¡“‚∑·°√¡®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåª√‘¡“≥ “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√°”®—¥ ’√’·Õ°∑’ø  ’¡à«ß ı
À√◊Õ¥à“ßÕàÕπÊ Õ—π‡ªìπ≈—°…≥–ª√°µ‘
°) °àÕπ°“√∫”∫—¥
¢) À≈—ß°“√∫”∫—¥‡‡∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘° ¢ÕßπÈ”‡ ’¬®“°‚√ßß“πøÕ°¬âÕ¡∑’Ë„™â ’
§) À≈—ß°“√∫”∫—¥‡‡∫∫·Õ‚√∫‘° √’‡‡Õ°∑’ø  “¡“√∂™à«¬ à߇ √‘¡°“√
°”®—¥ ’¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬„π°√–∫«π°“√
∫”∫—¥‡‡∫∫‡‡Õπ‡‡Õ‚√∫‘°‰¥â¥’¢÷Èπ.
Û.˘ı˜
Û.˘ˆ¯
ÒÚ.¯Ò
Û.˘ÒÚ

° ¢ §
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘ Ò. Zaoyan Y, Ke S, Guangliang S, Fan
HPLC ‚¶√¡“‚∑·°√¡®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåª√‘¡“≥ “√¡—∏¬—πµå∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√°”®—¥ ’√’·Õ°∑’ø ’πÈ”‡ß‘π Ò˘ Y, Jinshan D, Huanian M. Anaerobic-
aerobic treatment of dye wastewater by
°) °àÕπ°“√∫”∫—¥ combination of RBC with activated
¢) À≈—ß°“√∫”∫—¥‡‡∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘° sludge. Wat Sci Tech 1992; 26(11):
§) À≈—ß°“√∫”∫—¥‡‡∫∫·Õ‚√∫‘° 2093-6.

°“√°”®—¥ ’¬âÕ¡√’·Õ°∑’ø‚¥¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬¥â«¬
ˆ˘¯
°√–∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥·∫∫·Õπ·Õ‚√∫‘°/·Õ‚√∫‘°
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

Ú. Seshadri S, Bishop PL. Anaerobic/
aerobic treatment of selected azo dyes
in wastewater. Waste Management
1994; 14(2): 127-37.
Û. Field JA, Stems AJM, Kato M, Schraa
G. Enhanced biodegradation of aro-
matic pollutants in co-cultures of
anaerobic and aerobic bacterial consor-
tia. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1995;
67: 47-77.
Ù. OûNeill C, Lopez A, Esteves S, Hawkes
FR, Hawkes DL, Wilcox S. Azo-dye
degradation in an anaerobic-aerobic
treatment system operating on simu-
lated textile effluent. Appl Microbiol
Biotechnol 2000; 53: 249-54.

Abstract Bacterial Decolorization of Reactive Dye in an Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment System

Nattapun Supaka1, Kanchana Junthongjin1, Somsak Damronglerd2
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330
2
Fellow, the Academy of Science, the Royal Institute, Thailand
Bacteria were isolated from the wastewater treatment systems of a textile industry. It was pos-
sible to break the chromophoric azo bonds in reactive-orange 16, reactive-black 5, reactive-violet 5
and absorbed chromophoric anthraquinone in reactive-blue 19 in synthetic wastewater which con-
tained starch and acetic acid. Analysis of the effluent of each experiment by HPLC showed that azo
dyes were decomposed to colorless intermediate substances in the anaerobic stage; all intermediate
substances and COD were diminished in the aerobic stage, whereas anthraquinone dye was ab-
sorbed in bacterial cells. The most efficient conditions for this process were temperatures in the
range of 37˚C to 50˚C and pH 7 to 9.
Key words : bacterial decolorization, anaerobic-aerobic treatment system

≥—∞æ—π∏ÿå »ÿ¿°“, ·≈–§≥–

ˆ˘˘
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘

«‘‡™’¬√ ®’√«ß å
„π®“√÷° (Û) ª√–‡ √‘∞ ≥ π§√
™¬—πµå 摇™’¬√ ÿπ∑√
∑√ß √√§å π‘≈°”·Àß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

¢π“πª≈“¬·À≈¡ ‡√’¬ß ≈—∫°—π Ú ™—Èπ

»—æ∑å∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬ µ≈Õ¥®π™◊ËÕæ◊™  —µ«å
º≈º≈‘µ®“°æ◊™·≈– —µ«å  ‘ËߢÕß Õ—π¡’ √√æ§ÿ≥‡ªìπ ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ∑’˪√“°Ø ™—Èπ≈– Û °≈’∫ ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ°≈’∫ ’‡¢’¬«
„πÀπ—ß ◊Õª√–™ÿ¡»‘≈“®“√÷° ˜ ¿“§ ¥—ß°≈à“«·≈â«„π∫∑§«“¡∑’√Ë “¬ß“π ‡¡◊ËÕ·°à‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ ’‡À≈◊Õß °≈‘ËπÀÕ¡
‰«â„π«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ‡≈à¡ Ò ¡°√“§¡-¡’π“§¡ º≈‡ªìπº≈°≈ÿà¡Õ¬Ÿà∫π·°πµÿâ¡°≈¡ º≈
ÚıÙı. §≥–ºŸ√â «∫√«¡‰¥âµ√«® Õ∫æ∫«à“√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‡°’¬Ë «°—∫ ∂“π∑’Ë ÕàÕπ ’‡¢’¬« º≈·°à ’‡¢’¬«§≈È”®π‡°◊Õ∫
√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬, ‚√§·≈–Õ“°“√‚√§ ¡’À≈—°∞“π„Àâ»÷°…“§âπ§«â“‰¥â§àÕπ
¢â“ß™—¥‡®π.  à«π¬“√—°…“‚√§À√◊Õ‡¿ —™«—µ∂ÿ ·¡â¬—߉¡à¡’À≈—°∞“π∫àß™’È
¥” ¡’‡¡≈Á¥¡“°.
«à“∫ÿ§§≈√à«¡ ¡—¬°—∫®“√÷°‰¥â„™âª√–‚¬™π宓° √√æ ‘Ë߇À≈à“π—Èπ„π  √√æ§ÿ≥ ¥Õ°°√–¥—ßß“®—¥
∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß„¥ ·µà„πµ”√“·æ∑¬å Õ¬Ÿà„πæ‘°—¥¬“‰∑¬ ‡° √∑—È߇®Á¥ ¡’¥Õ°
·ºπ‚∫√“≥∑’ˉ¥â∫—π∑÷° ◊∫∑Õ¥°—π¡“·µà ¡—¬Õ¬ÿ∏¬“®π∂÷ß ¡—¬°√ÿß ¡–≈‘ ¥Õ°æ‘°≈ÿ ¥Õ°∫ÿπ𓧠¥Õ° “√¿’
√—µπ‚° ‘π∑√å ‡™àπ µ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥å, ‡«™»“ µ√å©∫—∫À≈«ß,
·æ∑¬å»“ µ√å ß‡§√“–Àå, ®“√÷°µ”√“¬“„π«—¥æ√–‡™µÿæπ«‘¡≈¡—ߧ≈“√“¡,
‡° √∫—«À≈«ß ¥Õ°®”ª“ ¥Õ°°√–¥—ßß“
·≈–∑’Ë«—¥√“™‚Õ√ “√“¡ ‰¥â°≈à“«∂÷ß≈—°…≥–‚√§·≈–µ—«¬“∑’Ë„™â„π°“√ ‡° √∑—È߇°â“ ‡æ‘Ë¡¥Õ°≈”¥«π ¥Õ°≈”-
∫”∫—¥√—°…“‰«âÕ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ®πÕ“®°≈à“«‰¥â«à“ «‘∑¬“°“√¥â“ππ’Èπà“®– ‡®’¬° ¥Õ°∫”√ÿßÀ—«„® ·°â≈¡«‘߇«’¬π
‰¥â¡’æ—≤π“°“√¡“·≈⫇ªìπ‡«≈“π—∫√âÕ¬ªï°àÕπ ¡—¬Õ¬ÿ∏¬“. §≥–ºŸâ ¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§ °≈àÕ¡ª√– “∑ ≈¥§«“¡
√«∫√«¡®÷߉¥âª√–¡«≈§”Õ∏‘∫“¬»—æ∑å‰«â·µà‚¥¬¬àÕ ‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå„π
‡§√’¬¥ ≈¥§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ ≈¥‰¢â ‡æ‘Ë¡
°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬¥â“πª√–«—µ‘§”∑“ß¿“…“»“ µ√å ·≈–∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å
·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬. ºŸ â π„® “¡“√∂»÷°…“‡æ‘¡Ë ‡µ‘¡‰¥â®“°µ”√“·æ∑¬å °”Àπ—¥ ∫”√ÿ߇≈◊Õ¥ „™â°≈—ËππÈ”¡—π
·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬∑’Ëæ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à·≈⫇ªìπ®”π«π¡“°. ÀÕ¡‡æ◊ËÕ∑”πÈ”ÀÕ¡ ‡§√◊ËÕß ”Õ“ß „∫
§” ”§—≠ : »—æ∑å·æ∑¬å, »—æ∑凿 —™°√√¡, ®“√÷° ·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â ¢—∫ªí  “«–.

µÕπ∑’Ë Ú §”Õ∏‘∫“¬»—æ∑å °√–¥—ßß“ °ƒ…≥“ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÙÛ

·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬ Ò. Cananga odorata (Lam.)
„π®“√÷° (µàÕ) Hook.f. et Thomson var. odorata
ǧȌ Annonaceae
‡¿ —™«—µ∂ÿ·≈–Õ“À“√ ‰¡âµâ𠇪≈◊Õ°µâπ ’‡∑“ „∫
Ò. æ◊™·≈–º≈º≈‘µ®“°æ◊™ ‡¥’ˬ«‡√’¬ß ≈—∫ ™àÕ¥Õ° —ÈπÕÕ°ÀâÕ¬
°¥—ßß“ À≈—°∑’Ë Úı˜ √«¡°—π∫π°‘Ë߇Àπ◊Õ√Õ¬·º≈„∫ ™àÕ
¥Ÿ °√–¥—ßß“. Àπ÷Ëß¡’ Û-ˆ ¥Õ° °≈’∫¥Õ°√Ÿª¢Õ∫
Ò. ‡§√◊ÕË ß¬“™π‘¥Àπ÷ßË ¡’°≈‘πË ÀÕ¡
‰¥â®“°‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â∑’Ë¡’‡™◊ÈÕ√“∫“ß™π‘¥ ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ√“ Cytosphaera mangi-
ferae Died. ǧȌ Sphaeroidaceae
‡®√‘≠‡¢â“‰ª„π‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â ∑”„Àâ‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡âπ—Èπ
 √â“ß™—ππÈ”¡—π¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â®÷ß¡’ ’‡¢â¡¢÷Èπ
¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡·≈–¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡∫“≈ß ‡°‘¥

»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)
˜

°—∫æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Aquilaria «ß»å Thy-
melaeaceae À≈“¬™π‘¥.
Ú. ™◊ËÕæ√√≥‰¡â Ú ™π‘¥ „π °ÿ≈
Aquilaria «ß»å Thymelaeaceae ∑’Ë
‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â„Àâ°ƒ…≥“.
(Ò) Aquilaria malaccensis
Lam.
°ƒ…≥“ ‰¡âÀÕ¡ ‰¡â¬π◊
µâ π ¢π“¥„À≠à ≈”µâ 𠇪≈“ ‡ª≈◊ Õ °
‡√’¬∫ ’‡∑“À√◊Õ ’¢“« „∫‡¥’ˬ«¢Õ∫„∫
‡ªìπ§≈◊Ëπ ™àÕ¥Õ°·∫∫™àÕ´’Ë√à¡ ÕÕ°∑’Ë
¥â“π¢â“ߢÕß°‘ËßÕàÕπ ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬¢π“¥
‡≈Á° ’‡¢’¬«Õ¡‡À≈◊Õß °≈’∫√«¡µ‘¥°—π
‡ªìπÀ≈Õ¥ —ÈπÊ º≈√Ÿª‰¢àª≈“¬¡π º‘«
¡’¢π —πÈ ª√–ª√“¬À√◊Õ‡°≈’¬È ß.
(Ú) Aquilaria crassna
Pierre ex Lecomte
°ƒ…≥“ ‰¡âÀÕ¡ ‰¡â¬π◊
µâπ¢π“¥°≈“ß ¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬™π‘¥
·√° ·µàª≈“¬º≈‡ªìπµ‘Ë߇≈Á°πâÕ¬·≈–
¡’¢π.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â ∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ
·≈–À—«„® ·°âµ—∫ªÕ¥æ‘°“√ ·°â‰¢â‡æ◊ËÕ
‡ ¡À–·≈–≈¡ ·°â ≈ ¡«‘ ß ‡«’ ¬ π ·°â
Õ“‡®’¬π ∑âÕß√à«ß ·°âª«¥∫«¡µ“¡¢âÕ
µâ¡πÈ”¥◊Ë¡·°â√âÕπ„π°√–À“¬πÈ” „™â
ª√ÿ߇ªìπ¬“∫”√ÿß·≈–√—°…“‚√§À—«„®
·°â‚√§≈¡ „™â∑”‡§√◊ÕË ßÀÕ¡.
°–∑‘ß À≈—°∑’Ë Ú
¥Ÿ °“°–∑‘ß.
°“°–∑‘ß À≈—°∑’Ë Ú¯ˆ
Calophyllum inophyllum L.
ǧȌ Guttiferae
°√–∑‘ß °“°–∑‘ß ‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–
°≈“ß „∫‡¥’ˬ«‡√’¬ßµ√ߢⓡ ¥Õ°™àÕ
ÕÕ°∑’Ë´Õ°„∫∫√‘‡«≥ª≈“¬°‘Ëß ¡’¥Õ°
¬àÕ¬ Ù-ˆ ¥Õ° °≈’∫¥Õ° ’¢“« ‡° √
µ—«ºŸâ ’‡À≈◊Õß®”π«π¡“° °≈‘ËπÀÕ¡
º≈√Ÿª∑√ß°≈¡.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ¥Õ°∫”√ÿßÀ—«„® ‡¡≈Á¥
„ÀâπÈ”¡—π„™â∑“∂Ÿπ«¥ ·°âª«¥¢âÕ‡§≈Á¥
∫«¡.
°“·ø À≈—°∑’Ë Ò˘Û
™◊Ë Õ æ√√≥‰¡â À ≈“¬™π‘ ¥ „π °ÿ ≈
Coffea «ß»å Rubiaceae ‡™àπ
Ò. Coffea canephora Pierre
ex A.Froehner
‰¡âæ¡ÿà ¢π“¥„À≠à „∫‡¥’¬Ë «‡√’¬ß
µ√ߢ⠓ ¡ ¥Õ°ÕÕ°∑’Ë ´ Õ°„∫  ’ ¢ “«
À√◊Õ¢“«Õ¡™¡æŸ ¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ º≈ ÿ° ’
·¥ß ‡¡≈Á¥¡’√ ¢¡.
Ú. Coffea arabica L.
‰¡âæÿà¡¢π“¥‡≈Á° ¡’≈—°…≥–
§≈â “ ¬™π‘ ¥ ·√° ·µà ¥ Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªì π
°√–®ÿ°µ“¡ßà“¡„∫ ¡’ Ú-˘ ¥Õ°À√◊Õ
¡“°°«à“ º≈ ÿ° ’·¥ßÀ√◊Õ‡À≈◊Õߢ÷Èπ
°—∫æ—π∏ÿå.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡¡≈Á¥¡’   “√ ”§— ≠
§◊Õ °“‡øÕ’π (caffeine) ¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï°√–µÿâπ
ª√– “∑ ¢—∫ªí  “«– ™à«¬‰¡à„ÀâÕ“‡®’¬π
‰¡à„ÀâÀ¡¥ µ‘‡¡◊ËÕ‚¥π¬“‡ æµ‘¥ √–ß—∫
ª«¥ „™â·°âª«¥À—«∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°§«“¡
‡§√’¬¥ ·°â‰ø‰À¡â πÈ”√âÕπ≈«°.
°“√∫Ÿ√ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ
Ò. º≈÷°∑’Ë·∑√°Õ¬Ÿà„π‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â¢Õß
µâ π °“√∫Ÿ √ ∑’Ë ¡’ Õ “¬ÿ À ≈“¬ ‘ ∫ ªï ¢÷È π ‰ª
¡—°Õ¬Ÿàµ“¡√Õ¬·µ°¢Õ߇π◊ÈÕ‰¡â ¡’¡“°
∑’Ë ÿ¥„π·°àπ¢Õß√“° √Õß¡“∑’Ë·°àπ
˜Ò
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
¢Õßµâ π  à « π∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà „ °≈â ‚ §πµâ π ®–¡’
°“√∫Ÿ√¡“°°«à“ à«π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà Ÿß¢÷Èπ‰ª.
Ú. Cinnamomum camphora
(L.) J.Presl ǧȌ Lauraceae
‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥„À≠à „∫‡¥’ˬ«‡√’¬ß
 ≈—∫°—π ¥Õ°™àÕ·∫∫·¬°·¢πßÕÕ°
µ“¡´Õ°„∫ ¥Õ°‡≈Á° ’‡À≈◊ÕßÕàÕπ ¡’ ˆ
°≈’∫ ‚§πµ‘¥°—π‡ªìπÀ≈Õ¥ —ÈπÊ ‡° √
µ—«ºŸâ¡’ ˘ Õ—π ‡√’¬ß‡ªìπ Û «ß º≈§àÕπ
¢â“ß°≈¡ ¡’‡π◊ÈÕ ¡’‡¡≈Á¥ Ò ‡¡≈Á¥ ∑ÿ°
 à«π¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ „™â·°âª«¥¢—¥µ“¡
‡ âπª√– “∑ ¢âÕ∫«¡ ‡§≈Á¥∫«¡¢—¥¬Õ°
æ‘…·¡≈ß°—¥µàÕ¬ ‚√§º‘«Àπ—߇√◊ÈÕ√—ß
‡ªìπ¬“√–ß—∫‡™◊ÕÈ Õ¬à“ßÕàÕπ °√–µÿπâ À—«„®
¢—∫≈¡ ¢—∫‡ ¡À– ¢—∫ªí  “«–.
°”¬“π À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ, ÒÚÒ
Ò. ™—ππÈ”¡—π∑’‡Ë °‘¥®“°¬“ß„ ¢Õß
µâ𰔬“π∫“ß™π‘¥ ‡°‘¥®“°‡ª≈◊Õ°
∂Ÿ ° °√’ ¥ ®–¢— ∫ ¬“ߢÿà π ¢â π  ’ ¢ “«π«≈
°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ÕÕ°¡“ ‡¡◊ËÕ·Àâß®–·¢Áßµ‘¥
Õ¬Ÿà°—∫≈”µâπ ·≈– ’®–§àլʇ¢â¡¢÷Èπ.
Ú. æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Styrax «ß»å Sty-
racaceae À≈“¬™π‘¥ ‡™àπ
(Ò) Styrax benzoin Dry-
ander
(Ú) Styrax paralleloneu-
rus Parkinson
æ◊™™π‘¥∑’Ë Ò ·≈–∑’Ë Ú ¡’
≈—°…≥–§≈⓬§≈÷ß°—𠇪ìπ‰¡âµâπ „∫
‡¥’Ë ¬ « ™à Õ ¥Õ°ÕÕ°µ“¡´Õ°„∫·≈–
ª≈“¬°‘ßË ¡’∑ß—È ™àÕ‡¥’¬Ë «·≈–™àÕ·¬°·¢πß
¥Õ° ’¢“« °≈’∫¥Õ°¡’ ı °≈’∫ º≈°≈¡
§àÕπ¢â“ß·ªÑπ ™—ππÈ”¡—π∑’Ë°√’¥‰¥â®“°
≈”µâπ‡√’¬°«à“ °”¬“π ÿ¡“µ√“ ‡æ√“–
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
·µà ‚ ∫√“≥‡ªì π  ‘ π §â “ ÕÕ°®“°‡¡◊ Õ ß
ª“‡≈¡∫—ß „π‡°“– ÿ¡“µ√“ ª√–‡∑»
Õ‘π‚¥π’‡´’¬.
(Û) Styrax tonkinensis
(Pierre) Craib ex Hartwick
°”¬“π≠«π À√◊Õ °”¬“π
À≈«ßæ√–∫“ß ´÷Ë߇ªìπ™◊ËÕ∑’ˇ√’¬°µ“¡
·À≈àߺ≈‘µ ¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬°—∫°”¬“π
 ÿ¡“µ√“ ™—ππÈ”¡—π∑’Ë°√’¥‰¥â®“°≈”µâπ
¡’ Ú ≈—°…≥– §◊Õ ‡ªìπ‡¡Á¥°≈¡√’‡≈Á°Ê
‰¡àµ‘¥°—π °—∫™π‘¥‡¡Á¥°≈¡√’‡°“–µ‘¥
°—π‡ªìπ°âÕπ ‡°Á∫‰«âπ“π®–¡’ ’·¥ßªπ
πÈ”µ“≈ „ À√◊Õ∑÷∫· ß.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡ªì𬓷°â≈¡
∫”√ÿ ß ‡ â π ∫”√ÿ ß À— « „® ¢— ∫ ªí    “«–
 ¡“π·º≈ ¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ ¥—∫°≈‘Ëπ∑—Èߪ«ß
„™â º  ¡°— ∫ ‰¢¡— 𠇪ì 𠬓æ◊È π  ”À√— ∫
‡µ√’¬¡¬“¢’Ⱥ÷Èßµà“ßÊ „™â‡º“∫π°âÕπ
∂à“π∑’‰Ë ø≈ÿ°·¥ß ·≈â«„™âÕ∫‡§√◊ÕË ßÀÕ¡
‡™àπ πÈ”¥Õ°‰¡â ‡∑’¬πÕ∫ ∏ŸªÀÕ¡
°√–·®– ‡º“√¡‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡‰≈à
√‘Èπ‰√¡¥·¡≈ß ·≈–¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§„πÀâÕß
‡ªìπ “√„Àâ§ß°≈‘πË „ππÈ”ÀÕ¡  ∫Ÿà §√’¡.
‡°¥, ‡°µ À≈—°∑’Ë Ù¯, ÚÙ
Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.)
Dubard ǧȌ Sapotaceae
‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥„À≠à ¡’πÈ”¬“ߢ“«
≈”µâπ‡ª≈“ ‡ª≈◊Õ°·µ°√àÕπ‡ªìπ –‡°Á¥
 ’¥” ‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â ’πÈ”µ“≈·¥ß‡À𒬫·¢Áß
¡“° „∫‡¥’ˬ«ÕÕ°‡«’¬π ≈—∫ ¥Õ°™àÕ
ÕÕ°‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ° Û-ı ¥Õ° ÕÕ°µ“¡
ßà“¡„∫  ’‡À≈◊ÕßÕàÕπ ¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ º≈
°≈¡√’  ÿ°¡’ ’‡À≈◊Õß· ¥ √ À«“π.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ º≈ °‘π‡ªìπº≈‰¡â ≈¥
Õ“°“√°√–À“¬πÈ” ∑”„Àâ™ÿà¡™◊Ëπ.
·°àπ®—π∑πå À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÙ, Ò˜˜
‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡âÀ√◊Õ·°àπ¢Õßµâπ®—π∑πå.
‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬¡—°„™â·°àπ®—π∑πå
´÷Ë ß ‰¥â ® “°µâ π ®— π ∑πå À‘ ¡ “≈— ¬ À√◊ Õ ‰¡â
ÀÕ¡Õ‘π‡¥’¬ Santalum album L. «ß»å
Santalaceae ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥‡≈Á°
‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ ’πÈ”µ“≈Õ¡‡∑“ „∫‡¥’ˬ«
ÕÕ°µ√ß°—π¢â“¡ ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕ —Èπ
∑’Ë ª ≈“¬°‘Ë ß À√◊ Õ ´Õ°„∫ ¥Õ°¬à Õ ¬¡’
¢π“¥‡≈Á° °≈’∫¥Õ°µ‘¥°—π ∫“π„À¡àÊ
 ’ø“ߢ⓫ π“π‡¢â“‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ ’·¥ß
Õ¡¡à«ß º≈°≈¡ ¡’‡¡≈Á¥‡¥’¬«.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ·°àπ®—π∑πå¡’√ ¢¡
ÀÕ¡ √âÕπ „™â·°â‰¢â ¥’°”‡√‘∫ °√– —∫
°√– à“¬ π”¡“°≈—Ëπ¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”®–‰¥â
πÈ”¡—π®—π∑πå.
¥Ÿ ®—π∑πå ª√–°Õ∫.
·°â« À≈—°∑’Ë Ù¯
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack
ǧȌ Rutaceae
‰¡âæÿà¡À√◊Õ‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥°≈“ß °‘Ëß
°â“π ’¢“« „∫‡ªìπ„∫ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫¢π
π°  ’‡¢’¬«‡¢â¡‡ªìπ¡—π ¡’‡¡Á¥πÈ”¡—π
Õ¬Ÿà¿“¬„π„∫ °≈‘Ëπ©ÿπ‡ºÁ¥√âÕπ ¥Õ°
™àÕ ’¢“« °≈’∫¥Õ°¡’ ı °≈’∫ °≈‘Ëπ
ÀÕ¡·√ß º≈√Ÿª√’‡¡◊ËÕ·°à¡’ ’·¥ßÕ¡ â¡.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ „∫ ¢—∫‚≈À‘µ√–¥Ÿ ·°â
®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥·πàπ∑âÕß ¢—∫≈¡ ∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ
„∫ ¥ µ”„Àâ≈–‡Õ’¬¥ªíôπ„ à∑«“√Àπ—°
ª√–¡“≥ ı π“∑’ µ—«®–√âÕπ‡À¡◊Õπ
‡ªìπ‰¢â ¥Õ° °≈—Ëπ‡ªìππÈ”¡—πº ¡‡ªìπ
‡§√◊ÕË ßÀÕ¡∫”√ÿßÀ—«„® √“°·°âª«¥‡Õ«
·°âº◊Ëπ§—π∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°§«“¡™◊Èπ ·°âΩï
Ωí°∫—«∑’ˇµâ“π¡ Ωï„π¡¥≈Ÿ° ·°â·º≈§—π
·≈–·¡≈ß —µ«å°—¥µàÕ¬.
˜Ú
·°â« ¿“…“∂‘Ëπ擬—æ À¡“¬∂÷ß
µâπæ‘°≈ÿ .
¥Ÿ æ‘°ÿ≈ ª√–°Õ∫.
¢πÿπ À≈—°∑’Ë ˘Û, Ú¯Ú
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Lam. ǧȌ Moraceae
‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥°≈“ß∂÷ß¢π“¥„À≠à
πÈ”¬“ß ’¢“« ¡’·°àπ ’‡À≈◊Õß „∫√Ÿª
°≈¡√’ÕÕ° ≈—∫°—π ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕ
¥Õ°‡æ»ºŸâ · ≈–‡æ»‡¡’ ¬ Õ¬Ÿà ∫ πµâ π
‡¥’¬«°—π º≈‡ªìπº≈√«¡√Ÿª°≈¡¢π“¥
„À≠à ‡π◊ÈÕ„πº≈∑’ËÀÿ⡇¡≈Á¥¡’ ’‡À≈◊Õß
‡¡◊ËÕ ÿ°¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ·°àπ„Àâ ’‡À≈◊Õß „™â
‡ªìπ ’¬âÕ¡ºâ“ º≈ÕàÕπ·≈–·°àπ‡ªìπ¬“
√–∫“¬ ∫”√ÿߺ‘«æ√√≥ ‡π◊ÈÕ°‘π∫”√ÿß
°”≈—ß ‡¡≈Á¥™à«¬¢—∫πÈ”π¡„π µ√’À≈—ß
§≈Õ¥ ∫”√ÿß°”≈—ß „∫ ¥µ”≈–‡Õ’¬¥„™â
æÕ°·º≈ „∫·Àâß∫¥‡ªìπºß‚√¬∑“·º≈
„™â¿“¬πÕ° √—°…“·º≈∑’¡Ë À’ πÕ߇√◊ÕÈ √—ß
¬“ß ¥„™â∑“∫√‘‡«≥∑’∫Ë «¡Õ—°‡ ∫ ·º≈
¡’ÀπÕ߇√◊ÈÕ√—ß µàÕ¡πÈ”‡À≈◊ÕßÕ—°‡ ∫.
¢¡‘Èπ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒˆÚ
Curcuma longa L. ǧȌ Zin-
giberaceae
¢¡‘Èπ ¢¡‘Èπ™—π ‰¡â≈â¡≈ÿ° ‡Àßâ“
„µâ¥‘π√Ÿª‰¢à ‡π◊ÈÕ„π‡Àßâ“ ’‡À≈◊Õß â¡∂÷ß
 ’· ¥®—¥ ¡’°≈‘Ëπ‡©æ“– „∫‡¥’ˬ«·∑ß
ÕÕ°®“°‡ÀßⓇ√’¬ß‡ªìπ«ß´âÕπ∑—∫°—π
√Ÿª„∫ÀÕ° ¥Õ°™àÕ·∑ßÕÕ°®“°‡Àßâ“
·∑√°¢÷Èπ¡“√–À«à“ß°â“π„∫ °≈’∫¥Õ°
 ’‡À≈◊ÕßÕàÕπ ∫“π§√—Èß≈– Û-Ù ¥Õ°
º≈√Ÿª°≈¡¡’ Û æŸ.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡Àßâ“„™â¿“¬πÕ°√—°…“
»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)

º‘« ∫”√ÿߺ‘« ·°â‚√§º‘«Àπ—ߺ◊Ëπ§—π
·¡≈ß —µ«å°—¥µàÕ¬ Õ—°‡ ∫ ·º≈ ¥
·º≈æÿæÕßΩïÀπÕß ≈¥Õ“°“√ø°™È”
∫«¡ º ¡¬“𫥧≈“¬‡ âπ ·°â‡§≈Á¥
¢—¥¬Õ° πÈ”°—¥‡∑â“ ™—ππ–µÿ °≈“°
‡°≈◊ÈÕπ „™â¿“¬„π ·°âÕ“°“√∑âÕß√à«ß
∫‘¥ ∑âÕ߇¥‘π ¢—∫≈¡ ·º≈„π°√–‡æ“–
Õ“À“√·≈–≈”‰ â ™à « ¬‡®√‘ ≠ Õ“À“√
·°âÕ“°“√«‘߇«’¬π À«—¥ ™—° ≈¥‰¢â ¢—∫
ªí    “«– ∑â Õ ß¡“π ‰¢â º Õ¡·Àâ ß
‡ ¡À–·≈–‚≈À‘µ‡ªìπæ‘… ‚≈À‘µÕÕ°
∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—°∑«“√‡∫“ µ°‡≈◊Õ¥ µ“
∫«¡ ª«¥øíπ‡Àß◊Õ°∫«¡ µâ“π«—≥‚√§
ªÑÕß°—π‚√§ÀπÕß„π „∫„™â¿“¬πÕ°
√—°…“Õ“°“√º¡√à«ß º¡ÀßÕ° √—ß·§
‡À“ ∫”√ÿߺ‘« √—°…“·º≈ º‘«Àπ—ߺ◊πË §—π
„™â¿“¬„π ∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ ‡®√‘≠Õ“À“√
·°â √‘ ¥  ’ ¥ «ß∑«“√ ¡–‡√Á ß ‰¢â ´ “ß
Õÿ®®“√–‡ªìπ¡Ÿ°‡≈◊Õ¥ ∑âÕ߇¥‘𠪫¥
¡«π∑âÕß ∏“µÿæ‘°“√ ·°â‰¢â ∂Õπæ‘…
‡≈◊Õ¥‡ ’¬ Õ“‡®’¬π‡ªìπ‡≈◊Õ¥ º ¡¬“
Õ“¬ÿ«—≤π– ¬“·°â‚√§°√–‡æ“–·≈–√‘¥
 ’¥«ß≈”‰ â.
¢¡‘Èπ ª√°µ‘®–À¡“¬∂÷ß ¢¡‘Èπ™—π
 à«πæ◊™™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡√’¬° ¢¡‘Èπ...
µ”√“®–√–∫ÿ™◊ËÕÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π ‡™àπ ¢¡‘Èπ
‡§√◊Õ, ¢¡‘ÈπÕâÕ¬.
Ò. ¢¡‘πÈ ‡§√◊Õ
æ◊™À≈“¬™π‘¥„π«ß»å Menis-
permaceae ≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ‰¡â‡∂“ ‡π◊ÈÕ
‰¡â·≈–πÈ”„π‡∂“ ’‡À≈◊Õß ‡™àπ Fibrau-
rea tinctoria Lour.; Coscinium
fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr.;
Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â ≈”µâπ
√“° „™â‡ªìπ¬“∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ ∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–
∑”„À⇮√‘≠Õ“À“√ ·°â∑Õâ ߇ ’¬ ÕÀ‘«“µå
„∫ „™â¢—∫√–¥Ÿ.
Ú. Curcuma zedoaria (Berg)
Roscoe ǧȌ Zingiberaceae
¢¡‘ÈπÕâÕ¬ ¢¡‘Èπ¢÷Èπ ≈—°…≥–
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª§≈⓬¢¡‘Èπ™—π ·µàµâπ Ÿß°«à“
¢π“¥‡Àßâ“·≈–„∫„À≠à°«à“ ‡Àßâ“¡—°
‚º≈à¢÷Èπ¡“‡Àπ◊Õ¥‘π‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ ‡π◊ÈÕ„π
‡Àßâ “  ’ ‡ À≈◊ Õ ß °≈’ ∫ ¥Õ° ’ π «≈ „∫
ª√–¥—∫∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà à«π≈à“ߢÕß™àÕ¡’ ’‡¢’¬«
ª≈“¬·°¡™¡æŸ ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà à«π∫π√Ÿª„∫
ÀÕ° ’·¥ß‡¢â¡.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡Àßâ“„™â·°â∑âÕß
√à«ß Õ“‡®’¬π ·°â‰¢â º ¡¬“√–∫“¬
‡æ◊ÕË „À⡃’ ∑∏‘√Ï –∫“¬πâÕ¬≈ß  ¡“π·º≈.
¢ÕßÀÕ¡ À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÙˆ
æ◊ ™ «— µ ∂ÿ · ≈– — µ ««— µ ∂ÿ ∑’Ë „ Àâ ° ≈‘Ë π
ÀÕ¡.
¢àÕ¬ À≈—°∑’Ë ¯¯
Streblus asper Lour. ǧȌ
Moraceae
‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥°≈“ß „∫Àπ“·¢Áß
À¬“∫ ¥Õ°‡æ»ºŸâ‡ªìπ™àÕ°≈¡ °â“π —Èπ
 ’‡À≈◊ÕßÕ¡‡¢’¬«À√◊Õ‡°◊Õ∫¢“« ¥Õ°
‡æ»‡¡’¬ÕÕ°‡ªìπ§Ÿà °â“𬓫  ’‡¢’¬«
º≈ ÿ ° ¡’  ’ ‡ À≈◊ Õ ßÕà Õ π ‡¡≈Á ¥ §≈â “ ¬
‡¡≈Á¥æ√‘°‰∑¬.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡ª≈◊Õ° µâ¡πÈ”„™â™–≈â“ß
∫“¥·º≈¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ·≈–‚√§º‘«Àπ—ß ‡√◊ÈÕπ
¡–‡√Áß ·°âª«¥øíπ √”¡–π“¥ Àÿ߇ªìπ
πÈ”¡—π∑“À—«√‘¥ ’¥«ß ¥—∫æ‘…„π°√–¥Ÿ°
„π‡ âπ °√–æ’·È °â欓∏‘ Ωπ°—∫πÈ”ªŸπ
„ ∑“·°âºπ◊Ë §—𠇬◊ÕË Àÿ¡â °√–æ’¢È ¥Ÿ ‡Õ“¡“
‡ªì𬓠Ÿ∫·°â√‘¥ ’¥«ß®¡Ÿ° °‘Ëß∑ÿ∫„™â
˜Û
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
 ’øíπ∑”„Àâøíπ·¢Áß·√ß·≈–¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§
„𪓰 „∫§—Ë«™ß°—∫πÈ”√âÕπ¥◊Ë¡∫”√ÿß
∏“µÿ ‡®√‘≠Õ“À“√ ¢—∫≈¡ √–∫“¬∑âÕß
∑âÕßÕ◊¥‡øÑÕ ª«¥‡¡◊ËÕ¬ ·°âª«¥∑âÕß
¢≥–¡’√–¥Ÿ µ”º ¡¢â“« “√§—Èπ‡Õ“πÈ”
¥◊Ë¡∑”„ÀâÕ“‡®’¬π∂Õπæ‘…¬“‡∫◊ËÕ‡¡“
À√◊ÕÕ“À“√· ≈ß ¥Õ°„™âº ¡¬“Õ“¬ÿ
«—≤π– ≈Ÿ°∫”√ÿß ∏“µÿ ·°â≈¡ ¢—∫≈¡®ÿ°
‡ ’¬¥ ‡ªìπ¬“Õ“¬ÿ«≤
— π– ‡¡≈Á¥‡ªìπ¬“
Õ“¬ÿ«—≤π– ∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ ‡®√‘≠Õ“À“√
¢—∫≈¡ ·°â‚≈À‘µ·≈–≈¡ √“°√—°…“
∫“¥·º≈ ‡ª≈◊Õ°√“°∫”√ÿßÀ—«„®.
¢“¡ À≈—°∑’Ë Ò, Ù˘
‚∫√“≥ ¢“¡ ‡ªìπ™◊ËÕµâπ‰¡â  à«π
¡–¢“¡ ‡ªì𧔇√’¬°º≈¢Õßµâπ¢“¡.
¥Ÿ ¡–¢“¡.
¢â“« À≈—°∑’Ë Ò, Û, ı, ¯, ÒÒ, ÒÛ,
ˆÙ, ˜Ò, ˜Ú, ˘Û, ˘˘, ÒÚ, Òˆ,
ÒÒˆ, Ú¯ˆ, Ú˘ı, Û˜, ÛÒ¯
‰¡â≈¡â ≈ÿ°À≈“¬™π‘¥À≈“¬ °ÿ≈ „π
«ß»å Gramineae ‚¥¬‡©æ“–™π‘ ¥
Oryza sativa L. ´÷Ëß„™â‡¡≈Á¥‡ªìπ
Õ“À“√À≈—° ≈—°…≥–≈”µâπ°≈«ß‡ªìπ
ª≈âÕßÊ ¥Õ°‡ªìπ™àÕ·∫∫™àÕ·¬°·¢πß
‡√’¬°«à“√«ß ÕÕ°∑’ˬե º≈·∫∫º≈
∏—≠æ◊™ (caryopsis). º≈‡¡◊ËÕ¬—ßÕàÕπ
 ’‡¢’¬«  ÿ°‡µÁ¡∑’Ë ’‡À≈◊Õß∑Õß ‡¡◊ËÕ®–
∫√‘‚¿§µâÕß ’À√◊Õµ”‡Õ“‡ª≈◊Õ°ÕÕ°.
¢â“«‡®â“ À≈—°∑’Ë ˆı
¢â“«æ—π∏ÿåÀπ÷ËߢÕß™π‘¥ Oryza
sativa. L. «ß»å Gramineae ‡¡◊ËÕÀÿß
 ÿ°‡¡≈Á¥¡—°√à«π·≈– «¬.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«Àÿß ÿ°‡ªìπ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
Õ“À“√„Àâ «‘ µ “¡‘ π ∫’  Ÿ ß ªÑ Õ ß°— π ‚√§
‡ÀπÁ∫™“ °≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡À’ˬ« ‰¡à¡’°”≈—ß
Õ“°“√∫«¡πÈ” πÈ”¢â“«∑”„Àâ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ
¿“¬„πÕà Õ ππÿà ¡ ·°â Õ “°“√Õ— ° ‡ ∫
¢—¥‡∫“ „™â «π∑«“√Àπ—°·°â∑âÕߺŸ°
πÈ”´“«¢â“«¡’√ ‡¬Áπ ∂Õπæ‘…√âÕπ„π
Õ—°‡ ∫ ø°∫«¡ „™â‡ªìππÈ”°√– “¬¬“
·ªÑߢ⓫‡®â“º ¡πÈ”„Àâ‡À𒬫 æÕ°‡æ◊ÕË
∫√√‡∑“Õ“°“√Õ—°‡ ∫„π‚√§‰ø≈“¡∑ÿßà
·º≈‰ø‰À¡âπÈ”√âÕπ≈«° ¢â“« “√µ”
º ¡ ÿ√“∑“·°â≈¡æ‘… º◊Ëπ§—π.
 ¡—¬‚∫√“≥ª≈Ÿ°¢â“«™π‘¥π’ȇªìπ
Õ“À“√ ”À√—∫æ√–‡®â“·ºàπ¥‘π·≈–‡®â“
𓬠®÷߇√’¬° ç¢â“«‡®â“é.
¥Ÿ ¢â“« ª√–°Õ∫.
¢â“«µÕ° À≈—°∑’Ë Ù, ˆÚ, Ò˜,
Ú¯¯
¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °¢â “ «‡®â “ ∑’Ë ‡ Õ“¡“§—Ë «
„Àâ·µ°‡ªìπ¥Õ°∫“π.
¥Ÿ ¢â“« ·≈– ¢â“«‡®â“ ª√–°Õ∫.
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ° À≈—°∑’Ë ˘Û, ˘˜, ÒÒˆ,
Ú¯ˆ
¢â“«∑’ˬ—߉¡à‰¥â‡Õ“‡ª≈◊Õ°ÕÕ°.
„π∑“ß惰…»“ µ√å ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°
§◊Õº≈¢Õßµâπ¢â“«‡ªìπº≈·∫∫º≈∏—≠æ◊™.
‡¡◊ÕË π”¡“ ’‡Õ“‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈ÕÕ° ¢â“« “√
∑’ˉ¥â§◊Õ à«π¢Õ߇¡≈Á¥.
¥Ÿ ¢â“« ·≈– ¢â“«‡®â“ ª√–°Õ∫.
¢â“«‚æ¥
Zea mays L. ǧȌ Gramineae
æ◊™≈â¡≈ÿ°  Ÿßª√–¡“≥ Ò-Ú ‡¡µ√
≈”µâπ‡ªìπ¢âÕÊ „∫‡°‘¥µ“¡¢âÕ ™àÕ¥Õ°
‡°‘ ¥ µ“¡´Õ°„∫ º≈·∫∫º≈∏— ≠ æ◊ ™
‡ªìπΩí°¢π“¥„À≠à‡≈Á°µ“¡æ—π∏ÿå¢Õß
¢â“«‚æ¥π—ÈπÊ.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ º≈ „™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑—ßÈ
§“«·≈–À«“π ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬«‘µ“¡‘π
πÈ”µ“≈ ·ªÑß ‡´≈≈Ÿ‚≈  ‰¢¡—π ∑”„Àâ
√à“ß°“¬·¢Áß·√ß ∑âÕ߉¡àº°Ÿ πÈ”¡—π®“°
‡¡≈Á¥„™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√ ‡ªìπµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬
„𬓩’¥. ΩÕ¬¢â“«‚楠¥ ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ à«π
¢Õ߇° √‡æ»‡¡’¬ ‡°Á∫¢≥–º≈¬—ßÕàÕπ
Õ¬Ÿà„™â‡ªìπ¬“¢—∫ªí  “«–.
„π∑“ß惰…»“ µ√åå ¢â“«‚æ¥
Ωí°Àπ÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬º≈®”π«π¡“°
§π∑—Ë«‰ª‡√’¬°º≈«à“‡¡≈Á¥.
¢â“« “√ À≈—°∑’Ë Ûı, ı˘, ˆÒ, ˘Û
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë ’´âÕ¡®π‡À≈◊Õ·µà
‡¡≈Á¥¢“«.
‚∫√“≥„™â ‡¢â“ “π µàÕ¡“‡ªìπ
¢â“« “π ·≈⫇ªìπ ¢â“« “√ ‡™àπ„π
ªí®®ÿ∫—π.
¥Ÿ ¢â“« ·≈– ¢â“«‡®â“ ª√–°Õ∫.
¢â“« “√ “≈’ À≈—°∑’Ë Ú¯ˆ
¢â“«‚æ¥.
¢â“« ÿ° À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ
¢â“«Àÿß ÿ°·≈â« ¢â“« «¬ °Á‡√’¬°
¥Ÿ ¢â“« ·≈– ¢â“«‡®â“ ª√–°Õ∫.
¢â“«Àπ÷Èß À≈—°∑’Ë ˆı
Ò. ‚∫√“≥À¡“¬∂÷ß ¢â“«‡À𒬫
π÷ßË .
Ú. ¢â“«∑’‰Ë ¥â®“°°“√ ’¢“â «‡ª≈◊Õ°
´÷Ë ß ºà “ π°“√·™à πÈ” ·≈–Õ∫¥â « ¬§«“¡
√âÕπ·≈â«.
¥Ÿ ¢â“«, ¢â“«‡®â“ ·≈– ¢â“«‡À𒬫
˜Ù
ª√–°Õ∫.
¢â“«‡À𒬫
¢â“«æ—π∏ÿåÀπ÷ËߢÕß™π‘¥ Oryza
sativa L. «ß»å Gramineae ‡π◊ÈÕ
‡¡≈Á¥¢ÿàπ°«à“¢â“«‡®â“. ‡¡◊ËÕÀÿßÀ√◊Õπ÷Ëß
·≈⫇¡≈Á¥®–‡À𒬫µ‘¥°—π.
¥Ÿ ¢â“« ·≈– ¢â“«‡®â“ ª√–°Õ∫.
‡¢“ À≈—°∑’Ë ¯ˆ
‡¢â“, ¢â“«.
‡¢â“ À≈—°∑’Ë ÛÒ, Ûˆ
¢â“«.
‚∫√“≥„™â ‡¢â“ (ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß —Èπ)
‡π◊ËÕß®“°§π‰∑¬ª≈Ÿ°¢â“«/‡¢â“ªï≈– Ò
§√—Èß ®÷ß„™â§”«à“ ‡¢â“ ·∑πªï ‡™à𠇮Á¥
‡¢â“ À¡“¬∂÷ß ‡®Á¥¢«∫ À√◊Õ ‡®Á¥ªï.
‡¢â“·¥ß À≈—°∑’Ë Úˆ, Ú˜, Ú¯
¢â“«·¥ß ¢â“«∑’ Ë À’ √◊Õµ”‡Õ“‡ª≈◊Õ°
ÕÕ°·≈â« ·µà¬—߉¡à‰¥â´âÕ¡„À⢓«.
¥Ÿ ¢â“« ·≈– ¢â“«‡®â“ ª√–°Õ∫.
‡¢â“‡ª≈◊Õ° À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÒ, Úı˘
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°.
‡¢â“ “√ À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÒ
¢â“« “√.
·¢¡ À≈—°∑’Ë Ú
Saccharum arundinaceum
Retz. ǧȌ Gramineae
·¢¡ æß ‰¡â≈â¡≈ÿ° ¡’‡Àßâ“Õ¬Ÿà
„µâ¥‘π ≈”µâπ‡ªìπ¢âÕª≈âÕß ∫“ß™π‘¥
≈”„À≠à„∫¬“« ∫“ß™π‘¥≈”‡≈Á°„∫‡√’¬«
»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)

¥Õ°™à Õ ‡ªì π æŸà „ À≠à ‡ À≈◊ Õ ∫‡ªì π ¡— π
§≈⓬‡ âπ‰À¡  ’¢“«Õ¡¡à«ßÀ√◊Õ¢“«
·°à · ≈â « §≈â “ ¬ªÿ ¬ πÿà π ∑”„Àâ ‡ ¡≈Á ¥ ª≈‘ «
‰ªµ“¡∑’˵à“ßÊ ‰¥âßà“¬.
§√“¡
Ò. Indigofera tinctoria L. «ß»å
Leguminosea
‰¡âæÿà¡¢π“¥‡≈Á° À√◊Õ‡ªìπ‰¡â
≈â¡≈ÿ°¡’‡Àßâ“ „∫ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫¢ππ°
¥Õ°™àÕ ÕÕ°∑’Ë´Õ°„∫ ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬√Ÿª
¥Õ°∂—Ë« °≈’∫¥Õ° ’™¡æŸ º≈‡ªìπΩí°
¢π“¥‡≈Á°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ°.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ µâ π  ¥µ”·≈â «
À¡—°„ππÈ” Ò-Ú πÈ” °√Õß°“°ÕÕ°
ºß ’πÈ”‡ß‘π (Indigo blue) ®–µ°Õ¬Ÿà
°âπ¿“™π– ‡∑„ à∂ÿߺâ“Àπ“Ê ∑—∫„Àâ
 –‡¥Á¥πÈ” 𔉪∑”„Àâ·Àâß ®–‰¥âºß
 ’πÈ”‡ß‘π„™â‡ªìπ ’¬âÕ¡ºâ“ ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª
§√“¡ (indigo) ‰¥â®“°æ◊™™π‘¥π’ȇ∑à“
π—Èπ.
æ◊ ™ æ◊È π ‡¡◊ Õ ß¢Õ߉∑¬Õ’ ° ™π‘ ¥
Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë„Àâ ’‡À¡◊Õπ§√“¡®π‡√’¬°™◊ËÕº‘¥
‡ªìπµâπ§√“¡ §◊Õ
Strobilanthes cusia (Nees)
Kuntze ǧȌ Acanthaceae
ÀâÕ¡ ÀâÕ¡‡¡◊Õß ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ ŒàÕ¡
ŒàÕ¡‡¡◊Õß °Á¡’ ¿“…“∂‘Ëπ擬—æ„™â‡√’¬°
‰¡âæÿà¡ ≈”µâπµ—Èßµ√ß  Ÿß‰¥â∂÷ß Ò ‡¡µ√
≈”µâπ·≈–‡Àßâ“√Ÿª∑√ß°√–∫Õ° ∫√‘‡«≥
¢âÕ‚ªÉßæÕß „∫‡¥’¬Ë «‡√’¬ßµ√ߢⓡ ¥Õ°
™àÕÕÕ°∑’´Ë Õ°„∫ ¡’¥Õ°¬àÕ¬À≈“¬¥Õ°
°≈’∫¥Õ° ’¡à«ß‡™◊ËÕ¡µ‘¥°—π‡ªìπÀ≈Õ¥
‚§âßßÕ‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ º≈·Àâ߇¡≈Á¥·∫π ’
πÈ”µ“≈.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ √“°·≈–„∫µâ¡πÈ”¥◊¡Ë
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–
·°â‰¢âª«¥»’√…–‡π◊ËÕß®“°À«—¥ ‡®Á∫§Õ
À≈Õ¥≈¡Õ—°‡ ∫ µàÕ¡∑Õπ´‘≈Õ—°‡ ∫
µ“Õ—°‡ ∫ ‡ªìπµâπ µâπ ¥ —∫‡ªìπ∑àÕπ
·™à°∫— πÈ”º ¡ªŸπ¢“«ª√–¡“≥ Ò «—π
∑” ’¬âÕ¡ºâ“ ‡√’¬° ºâ“À¡âÕÀâÕ¡.
§“ À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÙ
Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.
Beauv. ǧȌ Gramineae
‰¡â ≈â ¡ ≈ÿ ° ®”æ«°À≠â “ ¡’ ‡ Àßâ “
„µâ¥‘π „∫ÕÕ°‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ°µ“¡∫√‘‡«≥
‚§πµâ𠇪ìπ„∫‡≈Á°·§∫‡√’¬«¬“«·¢Áßµ—ßÈ
º‘« “° ¢Õ∫„∫§¡¡’¢π ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ
™àÕÀ√◊Õ‡ªìπæŸà ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà∫√‘‡«≥°≈“ß°Õ
™à Õ ¥Õ°¬“«¡’ ¥ Õ°¬à Õ ¬‡√’ ¬ ß ≈— ∫ °— π
√Õ∫Ê ·°π°≈“ß™àÕ  ’¢“«Õ¡‡À≈◊Õß
À√◊Õ ’¡à«ß.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ √“°¢—∫ªí  “«– ·°â
°√–‡æ“–ªí  “«–Õ—°‡ ∫ ∫”√ÿ߉µ ¢—∫
√–¥Ÿ¢“« ·°â√âÕπ„π°√–À“¬πÈ” ¥’´à“π
ÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬ ‡∫◊ËÕÕ“À“√ §«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ
 Ÿß ∫«¡πÈ” ÀπÕß„π √–¥Ÿ¡“¡“°º‘¥
ª√°µ‘ „∫µâ¡Õ“∫·°â≈¡æ‘… º◊Ëπ§—π
ª«¥‡¡◊Ë Õ ¬À≈— ß §≈Õ¥ ¥Õ°·°à ¢— ∫
ªí  “«– ªí  “«–Õÿ®®“√–‡ªìπ‡≈◊Õ¥
·°â‡≈◊Õ¥°”‡¥“ Àâ“¡‡≈◊Õ¥ æÕ°·º≈
Õ—°‡ ∫∫«¡Ωï¡’ÀπÕß.
·§ΩÕ¬ À≈—°∑’Ë Ú¯
Ò. Dolichandrone serrulata
(DC.) Seem. ǧȌ Bignoniaceae
¿“…“∂‘πË æ“¬—æ„™â‡√’¬°µâπ·§
ªÉ“ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‰¡â¢π“¥‡≈Á°∂÷ß¢π“¥°≈“ß
≈”µâπ‡ª≈“ ‡ª≈◊Õ° ’πÈ”µ“≈Õ¡‡∑“
„∫ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫¢ππ° ¥Õ°‚µ√Ÿª·µ√
 ’¢“« ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕ —ÈπÊ µ“¡ª≈“¬°‘Ëß
˜ı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
º≈‡ªìπΩí°·∫π√Ÿª¢Õ∫¢π“π  ’¥” ¡’
°√– ’¢“«‚§â߇ªìπ«ßÊ.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ·°â∑âÕß
Õ◊¥∑âÕ߇øÑÕ „™â°—∫ µ√’À≈—ߧ≈Õ¥ „∫
„™âµ”æÕ°·º≈ µâ¡πÈ”∫â«πª“° ¥Õ°
„™â¢—∫‡ ¡À– ‚≈À‘µ ·≈–≈¡ ‡¡≈Á¥·°â
Õ“°“√ª«¥ª√– “∑ ™—° √“°·°â‡ ¡À–
·≈–≈¡ ∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ.
Ú. ‰¡â µâ π À≈“¬™π‘ ¥ „π °ÿ ≈
Stereospermum ǧȌ Bignoniaceae
‡™àπ ™π‘¥ S. fimbriatum (Wall. ex
G. Don) A. DC. ¥Õ° ’™¡æŸÕ¡¡à«ß
ÕàÕπ ¢Õ∫°≈’∫¥Õ°√ÿଇªìπ√‘È«¬“«Ê
‰¡à‡ªìπ√–‡∫’¬∫.
ß“ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ
Sesamum orientale L. ǧȌ
Pedaliaceae
æ◊™¢π“¥‡≈Á°  Ÿß√“« Ò ‡¡µ√
≈”µâπ‡ªìπ ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡¡’√àÕßµ“¡¬“«·≈–
¡’ ¢ πª°§≈ÿ ¡ „∫‡ªì π „∫‡¥’Ë ¬ « ¥Õ°
‡¥’ˬ«‡ªìπÀ≈Õ¥ ’¢“«À√◊Õ ’™¡æŸÀ√◊Õ ’
¡à«ß¡’ª√– ’‡À≈◊Õß ÕÕ°∑’Ë´Õ°„∫ º≈¡’
Ù æŸ ‡¡◊ËÕ·°à®—¥®–·µ°ÕÕ° ¿“¬„π¡’
‡¡≈Á¥®”π«π¡“° ‡¡≈Á¥¢π“¥‡≈Á° √Ÿª
‰¢à·∫π  ’¥”‡√’¬° ß“¥”  ’π«≈‡√’¬°
ß“À¡àπ  ’¢“«‡√’¬° ß“¢“«.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ ‡¡≈Á ¥ ‡ªì π Õ“À“√
‡ªìπ¬“√–∫“¬ÕàÕπÊ πÈ”¡—πß“∑’‰Ë ¥â®“°
°“√∫’∫ß“‚¥¬‰¡à„™â§«“¡√âÕπ ‡√’¬°«à“
πÈ”¡—πß“‡™¬ ∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√‡§’ˬ«‰ø
‡√’¬°«à“ πÈ”¡—πß“ ÿ° πÈ”¡—πß“„™â‡ªìπ
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß ”Õ“ß∑“º‘ « „Àâ πÿà ¡ ·≈–™ÿà ¡ ™◊Ë π
„™â Àÿ ß º ¡°— ∫ πÈ” §—È π  ¡ÿ π ‰æ√µà “ ßÊ
√«¡°— 𠇧’Ë ¬ «®π‡À≈◊ Õ ·µà πÈ” ¡— π „™â
‡ªìπ¬“∑“∂Ÿπ«¥·°â‡§≈Á¥¢—¥¬Õ°ª«¥
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
∫«¡ „ à·º≈‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬ ∑“∫”√ÿß√“°º¡
·≈–∑“√—°…“°√–¥Ÿ°À—°.
®—π∑πå À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÙ, Ò˜, ÒÒˆ,
Ò˜˜
™◊ËÕæ√√≥‰¡â∫“ß™π‘¥∑’Ë¡’‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â
¥Õ° À√◊Õº≈ÀÕ¡ „™â∑”¬“·≈–ª√ÿß
‡§√◊ÕË ßÀÕ¡ ‡™àπ
Ò. ®—π Diospyros decandra
Lour. ǧȌ Ebenaceae
®—π∑πå≈Ÿ°ÀÕ¡ ®—π¢“« ®—πÕ‘π
®—π‚Õ ‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥°≈“ß ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ ’
¥” ‡π◊ÕÈ ‰¡â ¢’ “«π«≈ „∫‡¥’¬Ë « ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ
¡’¢π ’·¥ßª°§≈ÿ¡ ¥Õ°™àÕ¢π“¥‡≈Á°
√Ÿª§π‚∑ °≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ º≈°≈¡·ªÑπ°≈“ß
∫ÿã¡ ‰¡à¡’‡¡≈Á¥‡√’¬° ≈Ÿ°®—πÕ‘π º≈°≈¡
√’ ¡’‡¡≈Á¥ ‡√’¬°≈Ÿ°®—π‚Õ ¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â·≈–·°àπ
√ ¢¡À«“π ∫”√ÿߪ√– “∑ ∫”√ÿ߇π◊ÈÕ
·°â√âÕπ„π°√–À“¬πÈ” µ—∫ªÕ¥·≈–¥’
æ‘°“√ ·°â‡Àß◊ÕË µ°Àπ—° ¢—∫欓∏‘ ≈Ÿ°
√ Ω“¥À«“π ·°âÕ“°“√πÕπ‰¡àÀ≈—∫
°√–«π°√–«“¬ ∑âÕ߇ ’¬ ∫”√ÿߪ√– “∑.
Ú. ®—π∑πå™–¡¥ Mansonia ga-
gei J.R.Drumm. ex Prain ǧȌ
Sterculiaceae
®—π∑πå™–¡¥ ®—π∑πåæ¡à“ ‰¡â
µâ π ¢π“¥‡≈Á ° ∂÷ ß ¢π“¥°≈“ß ≈”µâ π
µ√ß ‡ª≈◊Õ°‡√’¬∫¡’ ’‡∑“ „∫‡¥’ˬ«√Ÿª√’
‡ âπ„∫¡’ Û ‡ âπ ¡’¢πª√–ª√“¬ ¥Õ°
 ’¢“«¢π“¥‡≈Á° ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕ∫√‘‡«≥
ª≈“¬°‘Ëß·≈–ßà“¡„∫ ¡’ ı °≈’∫ º≈√Ÿª
°√– «¬ ¡’ ªï ° √Ÿ ª  “¡‡À≈’Ë ¬ ¡µ‘ ¥ ∑’Ë
ª≈“¬º≈.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ µâπ¢—∫≈¡„π≈”‰ â
®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥ ·πàπ‡øÑÕ ª«¥∑âÕß ∫‘¥ ∏“µÿ
æ‘°“√ ¢—∫‚≈À‘µ√–¥Ÿ ‡π◊ÕÈ ‰¡â·°â§≈◊πË ‡À’¬π
Õ“‡®’¬π ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„® ·°â≈¡«‘߇«’¬π
∫”√ÿߪ√– “∑ ·°â‰¢â √âÕπ„π°√–À“¬πÈ”
¢—∫欓∏‘ ·°à π ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„® ·°â≈¡
Õ“‡®’¬π«‘߇«’¬π ¥’æ‘°“√ µ—∫æ‘°“√ ™Ÿ
°”≈—ß ·°âÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬ „∫∫”√ÿߪ√– “∑
·°â‰¢â ·°âªÕ¥µ—∫¥’æ‘°“√ ·°â√âÕπ„π
°√–À“¬πÈ” ·πàπ‡øÑÕ ª«¥∑âÕß ∏“µÿ
æ‘°“√ ¢—∫‚≈À‘µ√–¥Ÿ ∑—Èßµâπ¢—∫≈¡„π
≈”‰ â ·°â®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥·πàπ‡øÑÕ ª«¥∑âÕß
∏“µÿæ‘°“√ ∫”√ÿ߇≈◊Õ¥≈¡ πÈ”¡—πÀÕ¡
√–‡À¬‡ªì𬓷°â≈¡ ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„®.
Û. ®—π∑π库 Dracaena loureiri
Gagnep. ǧȌ Dracaenaceae
¥Ÿ ®—π∑πå·¥ß.
Ù. ®—π∑πå‡∑» Myristica fra-
grans Houtt. ǧȌ Myristicaceae
®—π∑πå‡∑» ®—π∑πå∫â“π ‰¡âµâπ
¢π“¥„À≠à „∫„À≠à‡√’¬«¬“« ¥Õ°‡¥’¬Ë «
À√◊ Õ ¥Õ°™à Õ ÕÕ°∑’Ë ‚ §π„∫ √Ÿ ª ¥Õ°
‡À¡◊Õπ·®°—π∑âÕߪÉÕß º≈°≈¡ ‡π◊ÈÕ©Ë”
¡’√° ’·¥ßÀÿ¡â ‡¡≈Á¥‡√’¬°«à“ ¥Õ°®—π∑πå
‡¡≈Á¥·Àâß√Ÿª°≈¡√’º‘«¢√ÿ¢√– ’πÈ”µ“≈
‡√’¬°«à“ ≈Ÿ°®—π∑πå.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ √°·≈–‡¡≈Á ¥¡’
°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡„™â‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕ߇∑»ª√ÿßÕ“À“√
√°„™â∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ ¢—∫≈¡ ∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ
·°â∑âÕß√à«ß ª«¥√–¥Ÿ ·°àπ„™â≈¥‰¢â
∫”√ÿßµ—∫ ∫”√ÿߪե.
ı. ®—π∑π“ Tarenna hoaensis
Pit. ǧȌ Rubiaceae
¥Ÿ ®—π∑π墓«.
®—π∑π墓« À≈—°∑’Ë Ò˘Ò
·°àπ¢Õßµâπ®—π∑π“.
Tarenna hoaensis Pit. ǧȌ
˜ˆ
Rubiaceae
®—π∑π“ ®—π∑π墓« ®—π∑πå„∫‡≈Á°
®—π∑πåÀÕ¡ ‰¡âæ¡àÿ À√◊Õ‰¡âµπâ ¢π“¥‡≈Á°
‡π◊ÕÈ ‰¡â ¢’ “«À√◊Õ ’‡À≈◊ÕßÕàÕπ „∫‡¥’¬Ë «
ÀŸ„∫Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß°â“π„∫ ¥Õ°™àÕÕÕ°
∫√‘‡«≥ª≈“¬°‘ßË ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬¡’®”π«π¡“°
°≈’∫¥Õ° ’¢“« ‚§π°≈’∫‡™◊ËÕ¡°—π‡ªìπ
À≈Õ¥¬“« º≈√Ÿª°≈¡√’.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ·°àπ¢Õßµâπ®—π∑π“
‡√’¬°«à“ ®—π∑π墓« „™â√—°…“‚√§‡≈◊Õ¥
≈¡ ·°â‰¢â ·°âªÕ¥µ—∫¥’æ‘°“√ √âÕπ„π
°√–À“¬πÈ” ‡Àß◊ËÕµ°Àπ—° ¢—∫欓∏‘
∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ‰ø ∫”√ÿß®‘µ¡‘„Àâ¢πàÿ ¡—« ∫”√ÿß
ª√– “∑ º‘«Àπ—ß µ—∫ªÕ¥ º≈ ·°â
Õ“°“√πÕπ‰¡àÀ≈—∫ °√–«π°√–«“¬
∑âÕ߇ ’¬ ∫”√ÿߪ√– “∑.
®—π∑πå·¥ß À≈—°∑’Ë Ò˘Ò, Ûı
·°àπ∑’Ë¡’√“≈ß®π¡’ ’·¥ß¢Õßµâπ
®—π∑π库À√◊Õ≈—°°–®—Ëπ
Dracaena loureiri Gagnep.
ǧȌ Dracaenanceae.
®—π∑π库 ≈—°°–®—Ëπ ‰¡âæÿà¡¢π“¥
°≈“ß ‡ª≈◊Õ°‡°≈’Ȭߠ’‡∑“ ·°àπ∑’Ë¡’√“
≈ß¡’ ’·¥ß „∫‡¥’ˬ« ·µ°ÕÕ°∑’ˬե
‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ° √Ÿª„∫‡√’¬«¬“« ª≈“¬·À≈¡
¥Õ°‡ªì π ™à Õ „À≠à Õ Õ°µ“¡´Õ°„∫
¥Õ°¬àÕ¬¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°  ’¢“« ¡’°≈’∫¥Õ°
ˆ °≈’∫ º≈°≈¡‡≈Á° ‡¡◊ËÕ ÿ° ’·¥ß§≈È”.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ ·°à π ∑’Ë ¡’ √ “≈ß
®π¡’ ’·¥ß ‡√’¬°«à“ ®—π∑πå·¥ß À√◊Õ
®—π·¥ß ·°âæ‘…‰¢â¿“¬πÕ°·≈–¿“¬„π
æ‘…Ωï∑’ËÕ—°‡ ∫ª«¥∫«¡ ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„®.
®”ª“ À≈—°∑’Ë ˘˜, ÒÙ, Úı˜
Michelia champaca L. ǧȌ
»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)

Magnoliaceae
‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥„À≠à „∫‡¥’ˬ«ÕÕ°
‡«’¬π ≈—∫°—π ¥Õ°‡¥’ˬ«ÕÕ°µ“¡´Õ°
„∫  ’‡À≈◊ÕßÕ¡ â¡ °≈‘πË ÀÕ¡·√ß ¥Õ°
¡’ ÒÚ-Òı °≈’∫ √Ÿª„∫ÀÕ°§àÕπ¢â“ß
¬“« º≈‡ªìπº≈°≈ÿà¡ º≈¬àÕ¬§àÕπ¢â“ß
°≈¡ ¡’À≈“¬‡¡≈Á¥.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ¥Õ°®”ª“®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π
æ‘°—¥¬“‰∑¬ ‡° √∑—È߇®Á¥ ¡’ ¥Õ°¡–≈‘
¥Õ°æ‘ °ÿ ≈ ¥Õ°∫ÿ π 𓧠¥Õ° “√¿’
‡° √∫—«À≈«ß ¥Õ°®”ª“ ¥Õ°°√–¥—ßß“
‡° √∑—È߇°â“ ‡æ‘Ë¡¥Õ°≈”¥«π ¥Õ°
≈”‡®’¬° ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ ·°â§Õ·Àâß ·°â
‰¢â ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„® ¢—∫‡ ¡À– „∫ ·°â‰¢â
Õ¿‘≠≠“≥ ‚√§ª√– “∑ ‡ âπª√– “∑
æ‘°“√ ªÉ«ß °√–æ’È „™â∂Õπæ‘…º‘¥ ”·¥ß
·°àπ·°â‡¡“ °ÿØ∞—ß ¬“ß·°â√‘¥ ’¥«ß
√“°¢—∫‡≈◊Õ¥‡πà“ ‡ªìπ¬“∂à“¬ ¥Õ°
∑”„Àâ‡≈◊Õ¥‡¬Áπ °√–®“¬‚≈À‘µÕ—π√âÕπ
¢—∫ªí  “«– ¢—∫≈¡ ·°âÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬ «‘ß
‡«’¬π Àπâ“¡◊¥µ“≈“¬ ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„® ·°â
‡ âπ°√–µÿ° ∫”√ÿßπÈ”¥’ ∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ
πÈ” ¡— π ®“°¥Õ°∑“·°âª«¥»’√…– µ“
∫«¡ πÈ”¡—π®“°‡¡≈Á¥∑“·°â∑âÕßÕ◊¥
∑âÕ߇øÑÕ.
®”ª“ ¿“…“∂‘ËπÕ’ “π·≈–≈“«
À¡“¬∂÷ß µâπ≈—Ëπ∑¡.
®”ªï À≈—°∑’Ë Úı˜
Michelia alba DC. ǧȌ Mag-
noliaceae
‰¡âµâπ „∫‡¥’ˬ«‡√’¬ß ≈—∫ ¥Õ°
‡¥’ˬ«ÕÕ°µ“¡´Õ°„∫  ’¢“«  ’π«≈
À√◊Õ ’‡À≈◊ÕßÕàÕπ °≈’∫√Ÿª„∫ÀÕ°§àÕπ
¢â“߬“« °≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ º≈‡ªìπº≈°≈ÿà¡
º≈¬àÕ¬§àÕπ¢â“ß°≈¡.
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ ¥Õ°∫”√ÿ ß À— « „®
∫”√ÿߪ√– “∑ ∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ πÈ”¡—π®“°
¥Õ°∑“·°âª«¥»’√…–·≈–µ“∫«¡ ¥Õ°
·≈–º≈∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ ·°â§≈◊Ëπ‡À’¬π ·°â‰¢â
¢—∫ªí  “«– „∫·°â‚√§ª√– “∑ ªÉ«ß
‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ·°â‰¢â ·°àπ∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ√–¥Ÿ
√“°·ÀâßÀ√◊Õ‡ª≈◊Õ°√“°º ¡π¡æÕ°
∫à¡Ωï.
®‘° À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÛÒ
‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥°≈“ßÀ≈“¬™π‘¥„π
 °ÿ≈ Barringtonia «ß»å Lecythi-
daceae ‡™àπ
Barringtonia acutangula (L.)
Gaertn.
®‘°π“ ‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥‡≈Á° ≈”µâπ
‡ªìπªÿÉ¡ª¡·≈–‡ªìπæŸ ™Õ∫¢÷Èπ√‘¡πÈ”
„∫‡¥’ˬ« √Ÿª„∫¬“«À√◊Õ√ŸªÀÕ°À√◊Õ√Ÿª
‰¢à°≈—∫ ¢Õ∫„∫®—°∂’Ë ¥Õ°™àÕ ’·¥ß
ÀâÕ¬≈ß ∫“π®“°‚§π≈߉ª∑“ߪ≈“¬
º≈¬“«√’ ‡ ªì π ‡À≈’Ë ¬ ¡ ¡’  — 𠵓¡¬“«
¢Õߺ≈ Ù  —π.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ „∫ÕàÕπ°‘π‡ªìπº—°
„∫·°à„™â√—°…“Õ“°“√∑âÕß√à«ß ‡ª≈◊Õ°
µâπ„™â‡∫◊ËÕª≈“ ‡¡≈Á¥º ¡„πµ”√—∫¬“
≈¡ ·°âÕ“°“√®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥ ·°â‰Õ„π‡¥Á°.
™—π À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÛÒ
¬“ß®“°æ◊™À√◊Õ —µ«åÀ≈“¬™π‘¥
∫“ß™π‘¥¡’ √√æ§ÿ≥‡ªì𬓠‡™àπ ™—π
µ–‡§’¬π ™—π π ™—π‚√ß ®“°·¡≈ߢ’ È ¥Ÿ .
¥Õ°´âÕπ À≈—°∑’Ë Ú
¿“…“∂‘Ëπ擬—æ À¡“¬∂÷ß ¥Õ°
¡–≈‘.
¥Ÿ ¥Õ°¡–≈‘ ª√–°Õ∫.
˜˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
¥Õ°∫—« À≈—°∑’Ë ˆ, ÚÛ, ı˘, ÒÒˆ,
ÒÛÛ, Òı
¥Ÿ ∫—«.
¥Õ°æÿ¥ À≈—°∑’Ë Ú
¥Ÿ æÿ¥.
¥Õ°‰¡â À≈—°∑’Ë Ò, Ú, Ù, ı, ¯, ÒÒ,
ˆÚ, ˘˜, Òˆ, Ò˜, ÒÚÒ, ÒÛÒ,
Úı, ÚÙ, ÚÙˆ, Úı˜, ÛÙ
¥Õ°‰¡â ¥ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÛÒ
¥Õ°‰¡âπ“π“™π‘¥∑’Ë„™âª√–‚¬™πå
∑“߇¿ — ™ °√√¡‰∑¬ ª√°µ‘ ® –‡ªì π
¥Õ°‰¡âÀÕ¡ ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡°—π§◊Õ¥Õ°¡–≈‘
¥Õ°°√–¥—ßß“ π”¡“∑”‡ªìππÈ”°√– “¬
¬“ ¡’«‘∏’‡µ√’¬¡¥—ßπ’È π”πÈ”„ à¿“™π–
µâ¡„À⇥◊Õ¥ ∑‘È߉«â„À⇬Áπ ·≈â«®÷ßπ”
¥Õ°‰¡â·√°·¬â¡„ à¿“™π–‡≈Á°Ê ≈Õ¬‰«â
‡Àπ◊ÕπÈ” ªî¥¿“™π–∑’Ë„ àπÈ”π—Èπ∑‘È߉«â
§â“ߧ◊π πÈ”®–¥Ÿ¥°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡¢Õߥհ‰¡â
‰«â ‡√’¬°«à“ çπÈ”¥Õ°‰¡âé.
πÈ” ¥ Õ ° ‰ ¡â ∑’Ë ‡ µ √’ ¬ ¡ ¥â « ¬ «‘ ∏’
‡¥’¬«°—ππ’È ‚∫√“≥¬—ß„™â‡ªìππÈ”¥◊Ë¡¥—∫
°√–À“¬¥â«¬¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡™◊Ëπ„®.
¥Õ°À«“¬ À≈—°∑’Ë Ú˘Û
¥Ÿ À«“¬.
·¥ß À≈—°∑’Ë ˘, Úı
Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.)
Taub. var. xylocarpa ǧȌ Legu-
minosae-Mimosoideae.
‰¡â·¥ß ‰¡âµâπ ‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â ’πÈ”µ“≈
·¥ß „∫‡ªìπ™àÕ·∫∫¢ππ° Ú ™—Èπ „∫
¬à Õ ¬√Ÿ ª ‰¢à · °¡√Ÿ ª ¢Õ∫¢π“π ¥Õ°
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
¢π“¥‡≈Á°Õ—¥°—π·πàπ∫π™àÕ°≈¡ °≈’∫
¥Õ° ı °≈’∫ µ‘¥°—π‡≈Á°πâÕ¬∫√‘‡«≥
‚§π°≈’∫ º≈‡ªìπΩí°·∫π·¢Áß ‡¡≈Á¥
·∫π¡’®”π«πÀ≈“¬‡¡≈Á¥.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ ‡ª≈◊ Õ ° ¡“π∏“µÿ
·°â∑âÕß√à«ß ·°à π·°â´“ß‚≈À‘µ ‚√§
°√–…—¬ ∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ ·°â‰¢â∑âÕ߇ ’¬
¥Õ°·°â‰¢â ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„®.
µâπ‰¡â À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÚÒ
§”√«¡‡√’¬°æ◊™∑—Ë«‰ª ¡—°‡ªìπ
™π‘¥∑’Ë¡’≈”µâπ.
µ–‡§’¬π À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÛÒ, Úı, Úˆ,
Ú˜, ÚÒ
Hopea odorata Roxb. ǧȌ
Dipterocarpaceae.
µ–‡§’¬π µ–‡§’¬π∑Õß ‰¡âµâπ
¢π“¥„À≠à ‰¡àº≈—¥„∫ ‡ª≈◊Õ°Àπ“ ’
πÈ”µ“≈¥”·µ°‡ªìπ –‡°Á¥ „∫√Ÿª‰¢à
·°¡√Ÿª„∫ÀÕ° ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕ¬“«
µ“¡´Õ°„∫·≈–ª≈“¬°‘Ë ß ¥Õ°¬à Õ ¬
¢π“¥‡≈Á° ’¢“« ¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ °≈’∫¥Õ°
¡’ ı °≈’∫ ª≈“¬°≈’∫∫‘¥‰ª∑“߇¥’¬«°—π
‚§π°≈’∫ª√– “π‡™◊ËÕ¡°—π º≈√Ÿª‰¢à
Õ¬Ÿà ¿ “¬„π°≈’ ∫ ‡≈’È ¬ ß∑’Ë ¢ ¬“¬µ— « ÕÕ°
‡ªìπªï°.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ™—πµ–‡§’¬π∑“·º≈
·°âÕ—°‡ ∫·≈–Àâ“¡‡≈◊Õ¥ ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ¡’
√ Ω“¥ ‡¡“ µâ¡πÈ”¥◊¡Ë ‡ªìπ¬“Ω“¥ ¡“π
Õ¡°≈—È«§Õ·°â‡Àß◊Õ°Õ—°‡ ∫ ∫‘¥ ¡Ÿ°
‡≈◊Õ¥ ≈ß·¥ß ‡π◊ÕÈ ‰¡â·≈–·°àπ·°â‚≈À‘µ
°”‡¥“ ‡ ¡À– §ÿ¥∑–√“¥ ‰¢â ¡— ª√–™«√
∫‘¥ ∑âÕß√à«ß  ¡“π·º≈ ¬“ß ¡“π·º≈
∑âÕ߇ ’¬ ∫‘¥ ªî¥∏“µÿ ‰ø·≈–πÈ”√âÕπ
≈«°.
µ“≈ À≈—°∑’Ë Ò, Ù˘, ¯Ú, ¯¯, ÒÚ
Borassus flabellifer L. ǧȌ
Palmae
‰¡â¬π◊ µâπ ≈”µâπµ—ßÈ µ√ß ‰¡à·µ°°‘ßË
„∫‡¥’¬Ë «√Ÿªæ—¥ ·µà≈–·©°√Ÿª§≈⓬¥“∫
°â “ π„∫¡’ À π“¡·¢Á ß µ≈Õ¥§«“¡¬“«
¢ÕߢÕ∫°â “ π„∫ Àπ“·πà π ∫√‘ ‡ «≥
‡√◊Õπ¬Õ¥ ¥Õ°™àÕ·µ°·¢πß¢π“¥„À≠à
¥Õ°¬àÕ¬·¬°‡æ»Õ¬Ÿà§π≈–µâπ º≈ ¥
 ’‡¢’¬« ‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ ’¡à«ß‡¢â¡‡¡◊ËÕ ÿ°.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ πÈ”µ“≈®“°°â“π™àÕ
¥Õ°‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬„™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√
º≈ÕàÕπ‡ªìπÕ“À“√ º≈ ÿ°·≈–‡¡≈Á¥„™â
∑”¢π¡ √“°·°âæ‘…µ“π´“ß ‰¢â√âÕπ
√âÕπ„π°√–À“¬πÈ” ¢—∫欓∏‘ ™Ÿ°”≈—ß
¢—∫‚≈À‘µ ·°âª√–¥ß ¢—∫ªí  “«– „∫·°â
ª“°‡ªóòÕ¬ ∫‘¥ ∑âÕ߇ ’¬ ‚≈À‘µ Õÿ®®“√–
‡ªìπ‚≈À‘µ °â“π„∫·°âª“°‡ªóòÕ¬ ∫‘¥
∑âÕ߇ ’¬ ‚≈À‘µ Õÿ®®“√–‡ªìπ‚≈À‘µ ÀŸ
‡ªìππÈ”Àπ«° ß«ß·°âæ‘…µ“π´“ß ¢—∫
欓∏‘ ∫”√ÿ߇π◊ÈÕ ∑”¥«ß®‘µ„Àâ™◊Ëπ∫“π
≈ß∑âÕß ‚≈À‘µ √‘¥ ’¥«ßª“°‡ªóòÕ¬ ™àÕ
¥Õ°‡æ»ºŸâ¢—∫ªí  “«– πÈ”µ“≈ ¥™Ÿ
°”≈—ß ∑”„Àâ™ÿà¡™◊Ëπ„® ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„® ·°â
ÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬ æ‘…´“ß ¢—∫‡≈◊Õ¥≈¡ ·°â
‡ ¡À–‡À𒬫 ‡®√‘≠Õ“À“√ πÈ”®“°º≈
™Ÿ°”≈—ß ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„®„À♡àÿ ™◊πË ·°â‡ ¡À–
‡À𒬫 ‡®√‘≠Õ“À“√ ®“«·°âπ‘Ë«„π‰µ
π‘Ë«„π∂ÿßπÈ”¥’.
µ“≈≈Õπ À≈—°∑’Ë ¯ˆ
¥Ÿ µ“≈.
∂—Ë« À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ, Ú¯ˆ
æ√√≥‰¡âÀ≈“¬™π‘¥„π«ß»å Le-
guminosae ‡ªìπ‰¡âµâπ ‰¡âæÿà¡¢π“¥
˜¯
‡≈Á° ‰¡â≈â¡≈ÿ° ‰¡â‡≈◊ÈÕ¬‡ªìπ‡∂“„À≠à
À√◊Õ‡∂“‡≈Á°°Á¡’ „∫‡ªìπ„∫ª√–°Õ∫ ¡’ Û
„∫¬àÕ¬À√◊ÕÀ≈“¬„∫¬àÕ¬ ¡’µ‘Ëß∑’Ë‚§π
°â“π„∫ ¥Õ°‡ªìπ™π‘¥ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å‡æ» ¡’
∑—È ß ‡° √‡æ»ºŸâ · ≈–‡° √‡æ»‡¡’ ¬ „π
¥Õ°‡¥’¬«°—π Õ“®‡ªìπ¥Õ°‡¥’ˬ«À√◊Õ
¥Õ°™àÕ °≈’∫‡≈’ȬßÀ√◊Õ°≈’∫¥Õ°™—Èπ
πÕ°‡ªìπ√Ÿª∂⫬ ¡’ ’‡¢’¬« °≈’∫¥Õ°¡’
Ù-ı °≈’∫ ·¬°°—π ¡’ ’µà“ßÊ ¡’°≈‘Ëπ
ÀÕ¡À√◊Õ‰¡à¡’°≈‘Ëπ º≈‡ªìπΩí°¡’‡¡≈Á¥
¡“°∫â“ßπâÕ¬∫â“ßµ“¡™π‘¥.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ∂—Ë«∫“ß™π‘¥Ωí°·≈–
‡¡≈Á¥„™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√ ∫“ß™π‘¥‡™àπ‡∂“
∂Õ∫·∂∫„™â‡ªìπ¬“√–∫“¬ÕàÕπÊ ∂—Ë«
·√–º’„™â√—°…“π‘Ë«„π‰µ.
∂—«Ë ‡¢’¬«
Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek
ǧȌ Leguminosae-Papilionoideae
‰¡â≈â¡≈ÿ° „∫ª√–°Õ∫¡’„∫¬àÕ¬ Û
„∫‡√’¬ß ≈—∫°—π ¥Õ°¡’¢π“¥„À≠à  ’
‡¢’¬«®π∂÷ß ’‡À≈◊Õß ÕÕ°‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ°
Ωí°‡√’¬«¬“«§àÕπ¢â“ßµ√ß ‡¡≈Á¥√Ÿª√’  ’
‡¢’¬«À√◊Õ‡À≈◊Õß πÈ”µ“≈À√◊Õ¥”.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡¡≈Á¥·°â¢—¥¢âÕ ∫”√ÿß
‡π◊È Õ ·≈–°√–¥Ÿ ° ∫”√ÿ ß °”≈— ß ∫”√ÿ ß
√à“ß°“¬ ·°â√âÕπ„π°√–À“¬πÈ” ∫”√ÿß
‰¢¢âÕ ·°âÕ“°“√™È”„π‡π◊ËÕß®“°µ°
®“°∑’Ë ŸßÀ√◊Õ∂Ÿ°°√–·∑°¥â«¬¢Õß·¢Áß
·°â‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°µ“¡‰√øí𠇪≈◊Õ°‡¡≈Á¥
·°âæ…‘ Ωﵓà ßÊ ·°â√Õâ π„π.
∂—Ë« –·¥° À≈—°∑’Ë Ûı
¿“…“∂‘Ëπ擬—æ À¡“¬∂÷ß ∂—Ë«
‡¢’¬«.
¥Ÿ ∂—Ë«‡¢’¬«.
»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)

∂à“π À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÛÒ
Ò. ‰¡â∑‡Ë’ º“®π ÿ°¡’ ¥’ ” ‚¥¬¡“°
„™â‡ªìπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ß ºß∂à“π„™â°√Õß·¬°
 ‘Ëß °ª√°ÕÕ°®“°πÈ” „™â ’øíπ∑”„Àâ
øíπ∑π.
Ú. ™◊ËÕ‰¡â¬◊πµâπ™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß.
∑—∫∑‘¡ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÛÒ, Ò˜ˆ, Úı˜
Punica granatum L. var. gra-
natum ǧȌ Punicaceae
‰¡âæÿà¡ ª≈“¬°‘ËßÕàÕπÀâÕ¬≈Ÿà≈ß
ª≈“¬°‘ßË ‡≈Á°¡—°°≈“¬‡ªìπÀπ“¡·À≈¡Ê
„∫‡¥’ˬ«ÕÕ°‡ªìπ§ŸàÊ ¥Õ° ’·¥ß  ’ â¡
À√◊Õ ’¢“« ÕÕ°‡ªìπ¥Õ°‡¥’ˬ«Ê À√◊Õ
√«¡‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ°‰¡à‡°‘π ı ¥Õ° º≈
°≈¡‚µº‘«πÕ°·¢Á߇ªìπ¡—π ¢â“ß„πº≈
¡’‡¡≈Á¥®”π«π¡“°‡ªìπ√Ÿª‡À≈’ˬ¡ ¡’
‡¬◊ÕË Àÿ¡â „  ’™¡æŸ.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ „∫·°â∑âÕß√à«ß ∫‘¥
¡Ÿ°‡≈◊Õ¥  ¡“π·º≈ ¥Õ°µâ¡πÈ”¥◊Ë¡·°â
ÀŸ™—Èπ„πÕ—°‡ ∫ ∫¥‚√¬·º≈∑’Ë¡’‡≈◊Õ¥
ÕÕ° ‡π◊ÕÈ Àÿ¡â ‡¡≈Á¥‡ªìπ¬“√–∫“¬ÕàÕπÊ
∑”„Àâ™ÿà¡™◊Ëπ„® º≈ÕàÕπªî¥∏“µÿ  ¡“π
·º≈ ·°â∫‘¥ ∑âÕß√à«ß ª«¥‡Õ« ‡ª≈◊Õ°
º≈µâ¡πÈ”¥◊Ë¡·°â∑âÕß√à«ß ∫‘¥ ¡Ÿ°‡≈◊Õ¥
∂à“¬æ¬“∏‘ ™–≈â“ß·º≈ ·º≈‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬
æÿæÕß  ¡“π·º≈ ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ µâπ ·≈–
√“°∂à“¬æ¬“∏‘ ∑âÕß√à«ß ∫‘¥ ¡Ÿ°‡≈◊Õ¥
‡¡≈Á¥·°â‚√§≈—°ªî¥≈—°‡ªî¥ ª«¥°√–-
‡æ“–Õ“À“√ ®ÿ°·πàπ Õ“À“√‰¡à¬àÕ¬
∑âÕ߇ ’¬.
‰∑√ À≈—°∑’Ë Ò¯ˆ, ÚÙ, Ú˜
‰¡âµπâ „π °ÿ≈ Ficus «ß»å Mora-
ceae ¡’À≈“¬™π‘¥ ‡™àπ
Ficus benjamina L.
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–
‰∑√¬âÕ¬ ‰¡âµπâ ¡’√“°Õ“°“» πÈ”
¬“ß ’¢“« „∫‡¥’ˬ«√Ÿª«ß√’ √Ÿª„∫ÀÕ°
À√◊Õ√Ÿª‰¢à·°¡«ß√’ ¥Õ°™àÕÕÕ°‡ªìπ§Ÿà
µ“¡´Õ°„∫ º≈ ¥√Ÿª°√– «¬ √Ÿª‰¢à
À√◊Õ°≈¡.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ √“°Õ“°“»¢—∫ªí -
 “«– ‰µæ‘°“√ ªí  “«–æ‘°“√ °√–…—¬.
∏Ÿª À≈—°∑’Ë Ú, Ù, ¯, Ú˜, Òˆ,
Ò˜, ÒÛÒ, Úı˜, Ú¯¯
‡§√◊ËÕßÀÕ¡™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß ∑”®“°ºß
°√–·®– „™â‡º“„Àâ¡’§«—π‡°‘¥°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡
®ÿ¥‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß∫Ÿ™“§Ÿà°—∫‡∑’¬π.
πÈ”¢¡‘Èπ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒˆÚ
¥Ÿ ¢¡‘Èπ.
πÈ”‡µâ“ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÙ
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina)
Standl. ǧȌ Cucurbitaceae
‰¡â‡∂“ ≈”µâπ‡ªìπ√àÕß¡’¢π ¡◊Õ
‡°“–¡—°·¬°‡ªìπ Ú ·¢πß „∫‡¥’ˬ«
‡√’¬ß ≈—∫°—π ·ºàπ„∫√Ÿª‰¢à°«â“ßÕ“®‡«â“
‡ªìπ·©°À√◊Õ‰¡à‡«â“ ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡¥’ˬ«Ê
µ“¡´Õ°„∫ º≈¡’ √Ÿ ª ∑√ß·≈–¢π“¥
µà“ßÊ °—πµ“¡ “¬æ—π∏ÿå ‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈
·¢Áß·≈–∑π∑“π‡¡◊ËÕ·Àâß π‘∑.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ πÈ”µâ¡√“°·°âÕ“°“√
∫«¡πÈ”µ“¡√à“ß°“¬ πÈ”µâ¡„∫·°â‚√§
¥’´“à 𠇪ìπ¬“√–∫“¬ÕàÕπÊ º≈‡ªìπ¬“
√–∫“¬ ¢—∫ªí  “«– ¢—∫π‘Ë«„π°√–‡æ“–
ªí    “«– ‚§π¢—È « º≈°‘ 𠇪ì 𠬓·°â
Õ“°“√ª«¥∑âÕß∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‰¢â ‡ª≈◊Õ°
º≈„™â ÿ¡À—«∑“√°·°â‰¢â ‡¡≈Á¥‡ªìπ¬“
¢—∫欓∏‘ ·°âÕ“°“√∫«¡πÈ” πÈ”¡—π®“°
‡¡≈Á¥„™â∑“»’√…–·°âÕ“°“√º‘¥ª√°µ‘
˜˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
∑“ߪ√– “∑∫“ßÕ¬à“ß ·≈–°‘π‡ªìπ¬“
∑”„ÀâÕ“‡®’¬π.
πÈ”¡—πß“ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ
¥Ÿ ß“.
πÈ”¡—πº≈‰¡â À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ
πÈ”¡—π∑’Ë °—¥®“°º≈‰¡âµà“ßÊ.
πÈ”¡—πæ√â“« À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÛÒ
¥Ÿ ¡–æ√â“«.
πÈ”¡—𬓠À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÛÒ
πÈ” ¡— π ∑’Ë   °— ¥ ®“°æ◊ ™ «— µ ∂ÿ À √◊ Õ
 —µ««—µ∂ÿ ª√ÿߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ¡ÿπ‰æ√
µà“ßÊ.
πÈ”¡—π¬“ß À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÛÒ
¥Ÿ ¬“ß.
πÈ”¡—πÀÕ¡ À≈—°∑’Ë Ò˜
πÈ” ¡— π ∑’Ë   °— ¥ ®“°æ◊ ™ «— µ ∂ÿ À √◊ Õ
 —µ««—µ∂ÿ∑’Ë„Àâ°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡.
πÈ”√—° À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÛÒ
¥Ÿ √—°.
πÈ”ÕâÕ¬ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ, ÒÛÒ, ÚÚÚ
¥Ÿ ÕâÕ¬.
∫—« À≈—° ˆ, ÒÒ, ÚÛ, Ù˘, ı˘,
ÒÚ, ÒÛÛ, Òı, Ò˜˘, ÚÙı, Ûı,
Û˜
‰¡âπÈ”À≈“¬™π‘¥À≈“¬ °ÿ≈·≈–
À≈“¬«ß»å §◊Õ
Ò.  °ÿ≈ Nelumbo «ß»å Nelum-
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
bonaceae ∫—«°â“π·¢Áß (sacred lotus)
‡™àπ ∫—«À≈«ß (Nelumbo nucifera
Gaertn.) ¥Õ°„À≠à ¡’ À ≈“¬æ— π ∏ÿå
¥Õ°∑√ß©≈«¬  ’™¡æŸ ‡√’¬° ª∑ÿ¡
ª√–∑ÿ¡ ªí∑¡“ À√◊Õ ‚°°πÿ∑ ¥Õ°
∑√ß©≈«¬  ’¢“« ‡√’¬° ∫ÿ≥±√‘° ¥Õ°
∑√ߪÑÕ¡´âÕπ ’™¡æŸ ‡√’¬°  —µµ∫ß°™
¥Õ°∑√ߪÑÕ¡´âÕπ ’¢“« ‡√’¬° —µµ-
∫ÿ…¬å.
Ú.  °ÿ≈ Nymphaea «ß»å Nym-
phaeaceae ∫—«°â“πÕàÕπ (water lily)
‡™àπ ∫—« “¬ (Nymphaea lotus L.
var. pubescens Hook.f. et Thom-
son) ¥Õ° ’ ¢ “«À√◊ Õ  ’ · ¥ß ∫— « º— π
À√◊Õ∫—«¢“∫ (Nymphaea cyanea
Roxb. et G. Don) ¥Õ° ’§√“¡ ∫—«
‡º◊ËÕπ (Nymphaea stellata Willd.)
¥Õ° ’¡à«ßÕàÕπ.
Û.  °ÿ≈ Victoria «ß»å Nym-
phaeaceae ‡™àπ ∫—«¢Õ∫°√–¥âßÀ√◊Õ
∫—««‘°µÕ‡√’¬ [V. amazonica (Poep-
pig) Sowerby].
∫—«¢“∫
Nymphaea cyanea Roxb. et
G. Don ǧȌ Nymphaeaceae
∫—«¢“∫ π‘≈ÿ∫≈ ªÑ“π¥” ‡ªìπ∫—«
º—πæ—π∏åÿÀπ÷Ëß ¥Õ°„À≠à °≈‘ËπÀÕ¡·√ß
 ’¡à«ß§√“¡ °â“π¥Õ° ’¡à«ß·¥ß.
„π«√√≥§¥’‰∑¬ π‘≈∫ÿ ≈ À¡“¬∂÷ß
∫—«¢“∫, ∫—«º—π, ∫—« “¬¥Õ° ’πÈ”‡ß‘π
·°àÕ¡¡à«ß, ¥Õ°Õÿ∫≈‡¢’¬« À√◊Õ∫—«
‡¢’¬«.
¥Ÿ ∫—« ª√–°Õ∫.
∫—«‡¢’¬« À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÚ
¥Ÿ ∫—«¢“∫.
∫—«·¥ß À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÚ
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
ǧȌ Nelumbonaceae.
∫—«À≈«ßæ—π∏ÿÀå π÷ßË ¡’°“â π·¢Áß º‘«
‡ªìπÀπ“¡§¡‡≈Á°Ê µ≈Õ¥≈”µâπ „∫
°≈¡¡’¢π“¥„À≠à „∫µ—Èß¡’°â“𬓫™Ÿ
‡Àπ◊ÕπÈ” º‘«„∫‡√’¬∫¡’ ’π«≈‡§≈◊Õ∫
µ≈Õ¥Àπâ“„∫ ¥Õ°√Ÿª∑√ßæÿà¡ °≈’∫
¥Õ°™—È π πÕ°√Ÿ ª °≈¡√’ ª ≈“¬·À≈¡
´â Õ π°— π À≈“¬™—È π  ’ ™ ¡æŸ Õ ¡¡à « ß
‡° √‡æ»ºŸâ¡’‡¡≈Á¥‡≈Á°Ê ΩíßÕ¬Ÿà¿“¬„π
·≈–®–‡®√‘ ≠ ‡µ‘ ∫ ‚µ‡ªì π º≈‡√’ ¬ °«à “
Ωí°∫—«.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ ‡° √ª√ÿ ß ‡ªì 𠬓
ÀÕ¡ ∑”„Àâ™◊Ëπ„® ™Ÿ°”≈—ß √“°·°â∑âÕß
√à«ß ∏“µÿ‰¡àª√°µ‘ ‡Àßâ“·≈–‡¡≈Á¥∫”√ÿß
°”≈—ß ·°â√âÕπ„π°√–À“¬πÈ” √—°…“¥’
√—°…“‡ ¡À– æÿæÕß ¥’∫—«¢¬“¬À≈Õ¥
‡≈◊Õ¥∑’ˉª‡≈’Ȭ߰≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀ—«„®.
„π«√√≥§¥’‰∑¬ ‚°°πÿ∑ À¡“¬
∂÷ß∫—«À≈«ßæ—π∏ÿåÀπ÷Ëß ¥Õ° ’·¥ß ·µà
∫“ßµ”√“«à“ ∫—«·¥ß À¡“¬∂÷ß ∫—« “¬
æ—π∏ÿåÀπ÷Ëß ¥Õ° ’·¥ß.
¥Ÿ ∫—« ª√–°Õ∫.
∫—« “¬ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÚ
Ò. ∫—«°â“πÕàÕπ  °ÿ≈ Nymphaea
«ß»å Nymphaeaceae ¡’À≈“¬™π‘¥
„∫√Ÿª°≈¡¢Õ∫‡√’¬∫À√◊Õ®—° ™Ÿ‡ ¡Õ
º‘«πÈ” ¥Õ°¡’ ’µà“ßÊ ‚º≈à¢÷Èπæâπº‘«πÈ”
∫“π„π‡«≈“°≈“ß«—π À—«¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°.
Ú. Nymphaea lotus L. var.
pubescens Hook.f. et Thomson
ǧȌ Nymphaeaceae.
˜Ò
∫—«°â“πÕàÕπ™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß „∫√Ÿª
°≈¡¢Õ∫„∫®—° ™Ÿ‡ ¡Õº‘«πÈ” ¥Õ°¡’ ’
¢“«À√◊Õ ’·¥ß À—«√Ÿªµ–ªÿ¡É µ–ªà”Ë æ—π∏ÿå
¥Õ° ’·¥ß‡√’¬°  —µµ∫√√≥.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ¥Õ°∫”√ÿßÀ—«„®
„Àâ™ÿà¡™◊Ëπ ∫”√ÿß°”≈—ß ·°â‰¢âµ—«√âÕπ
∫”√ÿߧ√√¿å√—°…“ ‡¡≈Á¥∫”√ÿß√à“ß°“¬
·≈–∫”√ÿß°”≈—ß À—«∫”√ÿß√à“ß°“¬ ∫”√ÿß
°”≈—ß ∫”√ÿߧ√√¿å√—°…“ ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„®
∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ ‡ªìπ¬“Õ“¬ÿ«—≤π–.
¥Ÿ ∫—« ª√–°Õ∫.
∫—«À≈«ß À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÚ
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
ǧȌ Nelumbonaceae.
‰¡âπÈ”¡’À≈“¬æ—π∏ÿå ‡ªìπ‰¡â≈â¡≈ÿ°
¡’‡Àßâ“·≈–‰À≈∑Õ¥¬“«Õ¬Ÿà„µâ¥‘π √“°
¡’ ≈— ° …≥–‡ªì π ∑à Õ π¬“«‡ªì π ª≈â Õ ßÊ
·¢Á߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ ∂⓵—¥µ“¡¢«“ß®–‡ÀÁπ√Ÿ
°≈¡Ê À≈“¬√Ÿ „∫‡¥’ˬ«·ºàπ„∫™Ÿ‡Àπ◊Õ
πÈ” √Ÿª‡°◊Õ∫°≈¡ °â“π„∫·¢Áß º‘«‡ªìπ
Àπ“¡§¡‡≈Á°Ê µ≈Õ¥≈”µâπ ¿“¬„π
¡’π”È ¬“ߢ“« ‡¡◊ÕË À—°®–‡ÀÁπ‡ªì𠓬„¬
¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡¥’Ë ¬ «Ê ™Ÿ ¢÷È π ‡Àπ◊ Õ πÈ” ¡’
À≈“¬ ’ À≈“¬∑√ß °≈’∫¥Õ°‡√’¬ß´âÕπ
°—πÀ≈“¬™—Èπ ¡’‡° √‡æ»ºŸâ®”π«π¡“°
¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ º≈√Ÿª°≈¡√’¡’®”π«π¡“°
Õ¬Ÿ„à πΩí°√Ÿª°√«¬.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡° √∫—«À≈«ß®—¥Õ¬Ÿà
„πæ‘°¥— ¬“‰∑¬ ‡° √∑—ßÈ Àâ“ ¡’¥Õ°¡–≈‘
¥Õ°æ‘ °ÿ ≈ ¥Õ°∫ÿ π 𓧠¥Õ° “√¿’
·≈–‡° √∫—«À≈«ß ‡° √∑—È߇®Á¥ ‡æ‘Ë¡
¥Õ°®”ª“ ¥Õ°°√–¥—ßß“ ‡° √∑—È߇°â“
‡æ‘¡Ë ¥Õ°≈”¥«π ¥Õ°≈”‡®’¬° „∫ÕàÕπ
„™â‡ªìπº—° √“°·≈–‡¡≈Á¥„™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√
√“°·°â∑Õâ ß√à«ß ∏“µÿ‰¡àª√°µ‘ ∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ
»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)

‰ø ·°â¥’ ·°âÕ“‡®’¬π ·°âæ‘…Õ—°‡ ∫ Ωï
µà“ßÊ æ‘… —µ«å°—¥µàÕ¬ ∫”√ÿß°”≈—ß
∫”√ÿߧ√√¿å ‡Àßâ“·°â√Õâ π„π°√–À“¬πÈ”
∫”√ÿß°”≈—ß ·°â‡ ¡À– æÿæÕß ¥’æ‘°“√
ª«¥»’ √ …– Õ“‡®’ ¬ π ∑â Õ ß√à « ß ∫‘ ¥
Àâ“¡‡≈◊Õ¥ √—°…“‰ø≈«° ∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ
·≈–¥’ „Àâª√– “∑ ß∫ „∫™à«¬„À⇰‘¥
§«“¡µâ“π∑“π Àâ“¡‡≈◊Õ¥ ∫”√ÿ߇≈◊Õ¥
·°âΩªï «¥· ∫√âÕπ ∑”„Àâ¡≈’ ¡‡∫àß ¥Õ°
·°â≈ß∑âÕß ∑âÕ߇ ’¬ §≈◊Ëπ‡À’¬π ‰¢â
∑”„ÀâÀ—«„®™ÿà¡™◊Ëπ ·°âÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬ ¢—∫
‚≈À‘µ ‡ ¡À– ·°â欓∏‘ ‰¢âµ—«√âÕπ
∫”√ÿßÀ—«„® ∫”√ÿߧ√√¿å√—°…“ ·°âµ°
‡≈◊Õ¥ ‡° √·°â‰¢â∑”„Àâµ—«‡¬Áπ ·°â
§≈◊Ëπ‡À’¬π ∫”√ÿߧ√√¿å√—°…“ ∑âÕß√à«ß
ÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬ ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„® ¢—∫ªí  “«–
∫”√ÿߪե ∫”√ÿ߉¢¢âÕ Àâ“¡‡≈◊Õ¥ ·°â
´“߇¥Á° ¥’∫—«¢¬“¬À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥À—«„®
·°âÕ“‡®’¬π‡ªìπ‚≈À‘µ ‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈·°â∫¥‘
 ¡“π·º≈ ∑âÕß√à«ß Ωí°·°â§≈Õ¥∫ÿµ√
√°ÕÕ°‰¡àÀ¡¥  ¡“π·º≈ ¡¥≈Ÿ°æ‘°“√
∑âÕ߇¥‘π æ‘…‡ÀÁ¥‡¡“ Ωí°∫—«‡ª≈à“™à«¬
„Àâ§≈Õ¥≈Ÿ°ßà“¬ √—°…“·º≈ ¥  ¡“π
·º≈ ‡¡≈Á¥∫”√ÿß°”≈—ß ·°â°√–…—¬ ∑âÕß
√à«ß  ¡“π·º≈ ·°â√âÕπ„π°√–À“¬πÈ”
‡®√‘≠Õ“À“√ ∫”√ÿ߇π◊ÕÈ Àπ—ß ·°â‡ ¡À–
æÿæÕß ·°â¥’ ·°â‚√§ÀπÕß„π °â“π·°â
≈¡ÕÕ°ÀŸ ∑âÕ߇¥‘𠇪ì𬓧√√¿å√—°…“
∫”∫—¥·º≈„π≈”‰ â ·°âº¥‘  ”·¥ß.
∫ÿ≥±√‘° À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÒ
∫—«À≈«ßæ—π∏ÿåÀπ÷Ëß ¥Õ° ’¢“«
∑√ß©≈«¬.
¥Ÿ ∫—« ∫—«À≈«ß ª√–°Õ∫.
∫ÿπ𓧠À≈—°∑’Ë ˘Û, Ú¯ˆ
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–
Mesua ferrea L. ǧȌ Gutti-
ferae
‰¡âµπâ ≈”µâπ‡ª≈“ ·°àπ ’·¥ß‡¢â¡
„∫‡¥’Ë ¬ «ÕÕ°µ√ß°— π ¢â “ ¡ ¥Õ°ÕÕ°
‡¥’ˬ«Ê À√◊Õ‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ° °√–®ÿ°≈– Ú-
Û ¥Õ°  ’¢“«À√◊Õ ’π«≈ ¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡
°≈’∫‡≈’Ȭß√Ÿª™âÕπßÕ‡ªìπ°√–æÿâß °≈’∫
¥Õ°¡’ Ù °≈’∫ √Ÿª‰¢à°≈—∫ ª≈“¬∫“π
·≈–‡«â “ ‚§π Õ∫ ‡° √‡æ»ºŸâ ¡’
®”π«π¡“° º≈¡’‡¡≈Á¥ Ò-Ú ‡¡≈Á¥.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ¥Õ°∫ÿπ𓧮—¥Õ¬Ÿà
„πæ‘°¥— ¬“‰∑¬ ‡° √∑—ßÈ Àâ“ ¡’¥Õ°¡–≈‘
¥Õ°æ‘ °ÿ ≈ ¥Õ°∫ÿ π 𓧠¥Õ° “√¿’
·≈–‡° √∫—«À≈«ß ‡° √∑—È߇®Á¥ ‡æ‘Ë¡
¥Õ°®”ª“ ¥Õ°°√–¥—ßß“ ‡° √∑—È߇°â“
‡æ‘¡Ë ¥Õ°≈”¥«π ¥Õ°≈”‡®’¬° ¥Õ°„™â
∫”√ÿß„®„Àⷙ࡙◊Ëπ ·°â‰¢â°“Ã √âÕπ„π
¥—∫°√–À“¬ ∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„®
·°â≈¡°Õß≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ·°â°≈‘Ëπ “∫ “ß
¿“¬„𰓬 ‡° √„™â∫”√ÿߧ√√¿å ·°â‰¢â
·°â≈¡«‘߇«’¬π √“°„™â·°â≈¡„π≈”‰ â
‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ‡ªìπ¬“¢—∫‡Àß◊ËÕ ¥Ÿ¥ÀπÕß
°√–æ’È ·°â‡ ¡À–„π≈”§Õ ‡π◊ÕÈ ‰¡â·°â≈°—
ªî¥≈—°‡ªî¥ º≈·°âπÈ”‡À≈◊Õ߇ ’¬ „∫„™â
æÕ°∫“¥·º≈ ¥ ·°â摅ߟ ‡¡≈Á¥„™â
πÈ”¡—π∑“·°â‚√§º‘«Àπ—ß ‚√§ª«¥µ“¡
¢âÕ.
ª∑ÿ¡ À≈—°∑’Ë Ú¯ˆ
∫—«À≈«ßæ—π∏ÿåÀπ÷Ëß ¥Õ° ’·¥ß
À√◊Õ ’™¡æŸ ∑√ß©≈«¬.
ª√–∑ÿ¡™“µ‘ À≈—°∑’Ë Òı
ª∑ÿ¡™“µ‘ ‚∫√“≥·∫àß∫—«πÈ”ÕÕ°
‡ªìπ Ú °≈ÿà¡ §◊Õ ª∑ÿ¡™“µ‘ (sacred
lotus) À√◊Õ∫—«°â“π·¢Áß °—∫Õÿ∫≈™“µ‘
˜ÒÒ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
(water lily) À√◊Õ∫—«°â“πÕàÕπ.
¥Ÿ ∫—«.
ªÕ À≈—°∑’Ë Û¯
™◊ÕË ‰¡â≈¡â ≈ÿ°À≈“¬™π‘¥À≈“¬ °ÿ≈
·≈–À≈“¬«ß»å∑’ˇª≈◊Õ°„™â∑”ªÕ ∫“ß
™π‘¥¡’ √√æ§ÿ≥∑“߇¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬
¥â«¬ ‡™àπ ªÕ°√–‡®“ Ú ™π‘¥
Ò. Corchorus capsularis L.
ǧȌ Tiliaceae
‰¡â ≈â ¡ ≈ÿ ° „∫‡¥’Ë ¬ « ¥Õ° ’
‡À≈◊ Õ ß¢π“¥‡≈Á ° ÕÕ°‡ªì π °√–®ÿ °
√–À«à“ß´Õ°„∫°—∫°‘ßË º≈°≈¡‡ªìπæŸ ı
æŸ ¿“¬„π¡’‡¡≈Á¥ ’πÈ”µ“≈.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ „∫¥— ∫ æ‘ … √â Õ π
¿“¬„π ·°â∫‘¥ ‰¢â ‰Õ ª«¥∑âÕß ‚√§
µ—∫ ∑”„À⇮√‘≠Õ“À“√ ‡ªìπ¬“æÕ°
‡¡≈Á¥·°â‰¢â.
Ú. Corchorus olitorius L. «ß»å
Tiliaceae
‰¡â¢π“¥‡≈Á° „∫‡¥’ˬ« ¥Õ° ’
‡À≈◊Õß¢π“¥‡≈Á° ÕÕ°‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ° Ú-
Û ¥Õ° º≈‡ªì𷧪´Ÿ≈√Ÿª∑√ß°√–∫Õ°
‡¡≈Á¥ ’‡¢’¬«Õ¡πÈ”µ“≈‡ªìπ‡À≈’ˬ¡.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ „∫¥— ∫ æ‘ … √â Õ π
¿“¬„π ·°â∫‘¥ ‰¢â ‰Õ ª«¥∑âÕß ‚√§
µ—∫ ∑”„À⇮√‘≠Õ“À“√ ‡ªìπ¬“æÕ°
‡¡≈Á¥·°â‰¢â.
ª“¬“ 
¢â “ «∑’Ë Àÿ ß ‡®◊ Õ ¥â « ¬πÈ” π¡·≈–
πÈ”µ“≈ ∂Ⓡ®◊ÕπÈ”º÷È߇√’¬° ¡∏ÿª“¬“ 
¡’√ À«“π °≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ À“°∑”®“°¢â“«
„À¡à∑Õ’Ë Õ°√«ß‡ªìππÈ”π¡‡√’¬° ¢â“«¬“-
§Ÿ.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ ‡ªì π Õ“À“√∫”√ÿ ß
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
°”≈—ß.
º≈‰¡â À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ, ÒÚÒ
§”√«¡‡√’¬°º≈¢Õßæ◊™∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπ
Õ“À“√‰¥â.
πÈ”º≈‰¡â∑‰’Ë ¥â®“°°“√π”º≈‰¡â °ÿ
¡“§—ÈππÈ” À√◊Õ∂⓺≈‰¡â‰¡à¡’πÈ”„Àâπ”
¡“∫ÿ∫ ·™àπÈ” µ“°·¥¥„Àâ ÿ° ·≈â«®÷ß
∫’∫‡Õ“πÈ” „™â¥◊Ë¡À√◊Õ„™â‡ªìππÈ”°√–-
 “¬¬“ ‡™àπ πȔ՗∞∫“πÀ√◊ÕπÈ”ª“π–
‰¥â·°à πÈ”¡–¡à«ß πÈ”™¡æŸàÀ√◊ÕπÈ”≈Ÿ°
À«â“ πÈ”°≈⫬¡’‡¡≈Á¥ πÈ”°≈⫬‰¡à¡’
‡¡≈Á¥ πÈ”¡–´“ß πÈ”≈Ÿ°®—π∑πåÀ√◊ÕπÈ”
Õßÿπà πÈ”‡Àßâ“∫—« πÈ”¡–ª√“ßÀ√◊ÕπÈ”≈‘πÈ ®’Ë
∫“ßµ”√“«à“‰¥â·°à πÈ”¡–¡à«ß πÈ”™¡æŸà
πÈ”°≈⓬ πÈ”°≈⫬ πÈ”º÷Èß πÈ”Õßÿàπ πÈ”
√“°∫—« (À≈«ß) πÈ”≈Ÿ°æ≈“.
º—° À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ
§”√«¡‡√’¬°æ◊™∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√.
‰ºà À≈—°∑’Ë Ù˘, ¯ˆ, Ú¯Ú
‰¡â æÿà ¡ À≈“¬™π‘ ¥ À≈“¬ °ÿ ≈ „π
«ß»å Gramineae ªí®®ÿ∫—π·¬°‡ªìπ
«ß»å„À¡à§◊Õ «ß»å‰ºà (Bambusaceae).
≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ‰¡â·µ°°Õ ¡’‡Àßâ“„µâ¥‘π
≈”µâπµ√ß ¡’¢âÕ·≈–ª≈âÕß™—¥ ª≈âÕß
°≈«ß ‡π◊ÕÈ ‰¡â·¢Áß „∫‡¥’¬Ë «ÕÕ° ≈—∫°—π
¢Õ∫„∫ “°§“¬¡’¢π∑—Ë«‰ª ¥Õ°™àÕ
¬“«ÕÕ°µ“¡´Õ°„∫·≈–ª≈“¬°‘Ëß ‡™àπ
‰ºàª“É [Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss]
‰ºà‡À≈◊Õß (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.
ex H. Wendl. var. Vulgaris) 伈
√«° (Thyrsostachys siamensis
Gamble).
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ Àπà Õ Õà Õ π„™â ‡ ªì π
Õ“À“√ „∫„™â¢∫— øÕ°√–¥Ÿ µâ¡°—∫πÈ”°‘π
¢—∫欓∏‘ µ“·°â√Õâ π„π°√–À“¬πÈ” ¢—∫
欓∏‘ √“°¢—∫ªí  “«– ·°â‰µæ‘°“√ ¢—∫
√–¥Ÿ ·°âÀπÕß„π √—°…“‡°≈◊ÈÕπ ¬Õ¥
¢—∫ªí  “«–.
·Ω°
Themeda triandra Forssk.
ǧȌ Gramineae
‰¡â≈â¡≈ÿ°®”æ«°À≠â“ ¡’≈—°…≥–
§≈⓬À≠ⓧ“·µà„∫¬“«°«à“ §¡ ¡’ ’
‡¢’¬«.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ √“°¢—∫ªí  “«–.
ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡—°‡√’¬°°—πº‘¥«à“ ·Ω°
ÀÕ¡ Vetiveria zizanioides (L.)
Nash ex Small §◊Õ À≠â“·Ω°.
¥Ÿ §“ ª√–°Õ∫.
æß À≈—°∑’Ë Ú
¥Ÿ ·¢¡.
æ√√≥º—°°“¥ À≈—°∑’Ë ˘Û, Ú¯ˆ,
Úı
‡¡≈Á ¥ ∑’Ë · °à ®— ¥ ¢Õßæ◊ ™ „π °ÿ ≈
Brassica «ß»å Cruciferae ¡’ Ú ™π‘¥
Ò. æ√√≥º—°°“¥¢“« ‰¥â®“°µâπ
Sinapis alba L. (™◊ËÕ‡¥‘¡ Brassica
pekenensis Rupr. var. laxa Tsen
et Lee) æ◊™¢π“¥‡≈Á° ≈”µâπ¡’¢π „∫
‡¥’ˬ«‡√’¬ß ≈—∫°—π ¢Õ∫„∫À¬—°‡«â“≈÷°
·∫∫¢ππ° ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕµ√ß ¥Õ°
¬àÕ¬ ’‡À≈◊Õß ¡’ Ù °≈’∫ º≈‡ªìπΩí°√Ÿª
∑√ß°√–∫Õ° ¿“¬„π¡’ ‡ ¡≈Á ¥ Ò-Ú
‡¡≈Á¥.
Ú. æ√√≥º—°°“¥¥” ‰¥â®“°µâπ
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. æ◊™
˜ÒÚ
¢π“¥‡≈Á° ≈”µâπµ—Èßµ√ß ·µ°°‘Ëß¡“°
„∫‡¥’ˬ«‡√’¬ß ≈—∫°—π ¢Õ∫„∫À¬—°‡ªìπ
·©° ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕµ—Èßµ√ß∑’˪≈“¬
¬Õ¥ ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬ ’‡À≈◊Õß ¥ °≈’∫¥Õ°¡’
Ù °≈’∫ º≈‡ªìπΩí°√Ÿª¬“«·§∫·°¡
√Ÿª„∫ÀÕ° ‡¡≈Á¥¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á° ’¥”À√◊Õ
πÈ”µ“≈.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ æ√√≥º—°°“¥¥”
¡’πÈ”¡—π√–‡À¬¬“°¡“°°«à“æ√√≥º—°
°“¥¢“« ¡’√ ‡ºÁ¥√âÕπ ¢—∫‡ ¡À–·≈–
‚≈À‘ µ ·°â ®ÿ ° ‡ ’ ¬ ¥ ·°â ≈ ¡ ‡ªì 𠬓
√–∫“¬Õà Õ πÊ ºßæ√√≥º— ° °“¥„™â
æÕ°·°â Õ— ° ‡ ∫∫«¡ ¥Ÿ ¥ ∂Õπæ‘ …
‡°≈◊ËÕπΩï ºßæ√√≥º—°°“¥π«¥°—∫πÈ”
·≈–º ¡¢¡‘È π ™— π ®–‰¥â ‡ §√◊Ë Õ ß‡∑»∑’Ë
‡√’¬°«à“ ¡— µ“√å¥ (mustard) „™â‡ªìπ
‡§√◊ËÕߪ√ÿß·µàßÕ“À“√.
æ√â“« À≈—°∑’Ë Ò, Û, ¯Ú, ¯¯, ÒÛÒ
‚∫√“≥ æ√â“« ‡ªìπ™◊ÕË µâπ‰¡â  à«π
¡–æ√â“« ‡ªì𧔇√’¬°º≈¢Õßµâπæ√â“«.
¥Ÿ ¡–æ√â“«.
æ√‘°‰∑¬ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ
Piper nigrum L. ǧȌ Pipera-
ceae
‰¡â ‡ ∂“‡π◊È Õ ·¢Á ß √“°ΩÕ¬ÕÕ°
∫√‘ ‡ «≥¢â Õ ‡æ◊Ë Õ „™â ¬÷ ¥ ‡°“– „∫‡¥’Ë ¬ «
‡√’¬ß ≈—∫°—π ¥Õ°™àÕ¬“«ª√–¡“≥ Ò
‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬‰¡à¡’°â“π¥Õ°
‡ªìπ¥Õ° ¡∫Ÿ√≥å‡æ»  ’¢“«·°¡‡¢’¬«
º≈√Ÿª°≈¡‡°“–‡√’¬ß·πàπÕ¬Ÿà∫π·°π
º≈ÕàÕπ ’‡¢’¬« ‡¡◊ËÕ ÿ° ’·¥ß æ√‘°‰∑¬
¥”‡ªìπº≈·Àâß∑—È߇ª≈◊Õ° æ√‘°≈àÕπ
À√◊Õæ√‘°‰∑¬≈àÕ𠇪ìπº≈·Àâß∑’Ë√àÕπ
‡Õ“‡ª≈◊Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ‡¡≈Á¥°≈¡ ’¢“«π«≈.
»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)

 √√æ§ÿ≥ „∫√ ‡ºÁ¥√âÕπ ·°â
≈¡®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥·πà𠪫¥¡«π∑âÕß ¥Õ°
√ √âÕπ ·°âµ“·¥ß‡π◊ËÕß®“°§«“¡¥—π
‚≈À‘µ Ÿß ‡∂“√ √âÕπ ·°âÕ√ÿ –‡ ¡À– ·°â
Õµ‘ “√ √“°√ √âÕπ ¢—∫≈¡„π≈”‰ â
ª«¥∑â Õ ß ·°â ≈ ¡«‘ ß ‡«’ ¬ π ™à « ¬¬à Õ ¬
Õ“À“√ ‡¡≈Á¥√ ‡ºÁ¥√âÕπ ¢—∫≈¡ ·°â∑Õâ ß
Õ◊¥∑âÕ߇øÑÕ ∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ ∑”„À⇮√‘≠
Õ“À“√ ¢—∫‡Àß◊ËÕ ¢—∫ªí  “«– °√–µÿâπ
ª√– “∑ ·°â≈¡Õ—¡æƒ°…å ≈¡≈—πË „π∑âÕß
‡ ¡À–‡øóòÕß ¡ÿµ°‘µ æ√‘°‰∑¬¥”°≈—Ëπ
¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”®–‰¥âπÈ”¡—πæ√‘°‰∑¬.
æ≈—∫
Diospyros malabarica (Desr.)
Kostel. var. siamensis (Hochr.)
Phengklai ǧȌ Ebenaceae
æ≈—∫ ¡–æ≈—∫ ‰¡âµâπ ≈”µâπ‡ª≈“
µ√ß ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ ’‡∑“ªπ¥” ‡π◊ÕÈ ‰¡â ¢’ “«
„∫‡¥’ˬ«‡√’¬ß ≈—∫°—π√Ÿª¢Õ∫¢π“π ¡’
µàÕ¡„ Ê „π·ºàπ„∫À≈“¬µàÕ¡ ¥Õ°
‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬Õ¬Ÿà§π≈–µâπ °≈’∫
¥Õ°¬“«µ‘¥°—π‡°◊Õ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‡ªìπ√Ÿª
‡À¬◊Õ°πÈ” ¥Õ°‡æ»ºŸ¡â ¢’ 𓥇≈Á° ’¢“«
ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕ —ÈπÊ µ“¡ßà“¡„∫ ¥Õ°
‡æ»‡¡’¬¡’¢π“¥„À≠à°«à“  ’¢“«À√◊Õ
‡À≈◊ÕßÕàÕπ ÕÕ°‡ªìπ¥Õ°‡¥’ˬ« º≈
°≈¡ ’‡¢’¬« ‡¡◊ÕË  ÿ°‡ª≈’¬Ë π‡ªìπ ’‡À≈◊Õß
À√◊Õ â¡ ©Ë”πÈ” ¡’‡¡≈Á¥ Ù-¯ ‡¡≈Á¥.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ º≈¥‘∫„™â¬Õâ ¡ºâ“„Àâ ’
πÈ”µ“≈ º≈ ÿ°°‘π‰¥â¡√’  À«“πªπΩ“¥
‡ª≈◊Õ°„ÀâπÈ”Ω“¥ ”À√—∫øÕ°Àπ—ß √“°
·°â≈ß∑âÕß ΩóòÕ¬æ—ß ∫«¡ 欓∏‘ µ°
‚≈À‘µ ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â·°â°“¡
µ“¬¥â“π ∫”√ÿߧ«“¡°”Àπ—¥ ∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ
‡®√‘≠Õ“À“√ ¢—∫≈¡ ·°â∑âÕß√à«ß ¥Õ°
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–
·°â≈ß∑âÕß ΩóòÕ¬æ—ß ∫«¡ 欓∏‘ µ°
‚≈À‘µ º≈·°â∑âÕß√à«ß ΩóòÕ¬æ—ß ∫«¡
欓∏‘ µ°‚≈À‘ µ ∑â Õ ß√à « ß ªî ¥ ∏“µÿ
 ¡“π·º≈ ¬“ß·°â∑âÕß√à«ß ªî¥∏“µÿ
·º≈πÈ”°—¥‡∑â“ ∫‘¥.
æ≈Ÿ À≈—°∑’Ë Ò, Ú, ¯, ¯¯
Piper betle L. ǧȌ Piperaceae
‰¡â‡∂“‡π◊ÕÈ ·¢Áß µ“¡¢âÕ¡’√“°ΩÕ¬
‡ªì π °√–®ÿ ° ™à « ¬¬÷ ¥ ‡°“– „∫‡ªì π „∫
‡¥’ˬ«‡√’¬ß ≈—∫°—π√ŸªÀ—«„® „∫ÕàÕπ¡’ ’
‡¢’¬« „∫·°à¡’ ’‡¢â¡¢÷Èπ ÕÕ°µ“¡‡∂“
∫√‘‡«≥µ“ ¡’°≈‘Ëπ‡©æ“– ¥Õ°ÕÕ°
‡ªìπ™àÕµ“¡´Õ°„∫ ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬¡’¢π“¥
‡≈Á°¡“°  ’¢“« ·¬°‡æ» ‰¡à¡°’ “â π¥Õ°
Õ—¥·πàπ‡ªìπ™àÕ√Ÿª∑√ß°√–∫Õ° º≈¡’
¢π“¥‡≈Á° °≈¡ Õ—¥·πàπ‡∫’¬¥Õ¬Ÿà∫π
·°π.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ „∫¡’π”È ¡—πÀÕ¡√–‡À¬
¡’ƒ∑∏‘¶Ï “à ‡™◊ÕÈ ‚√§ „∫æ≈Ÿ„™â°π‘ °—∫À¡“°
§π‚∫√“≥‡™◊ËÕ«à“√—°…“‡Àß◊Õ°·≈–øíπ
·°âª“°‡À¡Áπ √”¡–π“¥ ¢—∫≈¡„π≈”‰ â
∑âÕßÕ◊¥‡øÑÕ ª«¥∑âÕß ∑âÕ߇ ’¬ °√–µÿπâ
„Àâ°√–ª√’°È √–‡ª√à“ „™â¿“¬πÕ°·°âª«¥
∫«¡ ø°´È” ¶à“‡™◊ÕÈ ÀπÕßΩï «—≥‚√§ ·°â
°“√Õ—°‡ ∫¢Õ߇¬◊ËÕ®¡Ÿ°·≈–§Õ °≈“°
πÈ”°—¥‡∑â“ §—π ∫«¡æ‘….
æ—π≈—∫ À≈—°∑’Ë Òˆ
¥Ÿ æ≈—∫.
æ‘°≈ÿ À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÛ, ˘Û, Ú¯Ú, Ú¯ˆ,
Ûı
Mimusops elengi L. ǧȌ Sa-
potaceae
‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥„À≠à „∫‡¥’ˬ«‡√’¬ß
˜ÒÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
 ≈—∫°—π ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡¥’ˬ«Ê À√◊Õ‡ªìπ
°√–®ÿ°µ“¡´Õ°„∫„°≈âª≈“¬°‘Ëß  ’¢“«
°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡‡¬Áπ °≈’∫‡≈’Ȭߡ’ ¯ °≈’∫
‡√’¬ß‡ªìπ Ú ™—Èπ ™—Èπ≈– Ù °≈’∫ °≈’∫
¥Õ°¡’ ÚÙ °≈’∫ ‡√’¬ß‡ªìπ Ú ™—Èπ ™—Èπ
πÕ° ¯ °≈’∫ ™—Èπ„π Òˆ °≈’∫ ‚§π
‡™◊ËÕ¡°—π‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ º≈√Ÿª‰¢à‡¡◊ËÕ ÿ°¡’ ’
·¥ßÕ¡ â¡.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ¥Õ°æ‘°ÿ≈®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π
æ‘°¥— ¬“‰∑¬ ‡° √∑—ßÈ Àâ“ Õ—π¡’ ¥Õ°¡–≈‘
¥Õ°æ‘ °ÿ ≈ ¥Õ°∫ÿ π 𓧠¥Õ° “√¿’
·≈–‡° √∫—«À≈«ß ‡° √∑—È߇®Á¥ ‡æ‘Ë¡
¥Õ°®”ª“ ¥Õ°°√–¥—ßß“ ‡° √∑—È߇°â“
‡æ‘Ë¡¥Õ°≈”¥«π ¥Õ°≈”‡®’¬° ‡¢â“¬“
ÀÕ¡ ¬“π—µ∂ÿå ¬“·°â‰¢â ·°âª«¥À—«
‡®Á∫§Õ √âÕπ„π ·°â≈¡ ¢—∫‡ ¡À– „∫
√ ‡∫◊ËÕΩ“¥ ·°âÀ◊¥ °“¡‚√§ ‡ª≈◊Õ°
µâπ√ Ω“¥ µâ¡πȔա°≈—È«§Õ ∫â«πª“°
√—°…“‡Àß◊Õ°·≈–øíπ °√–æ’·È °â‡°≈◊ÈÕπ
·°àπ¡’√ ¢¡‡ΩóòÕπ ∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ ∫”√ÿß
À—«„® ·°â‰¢â √“°·°â≈¡ ¢—∫‡ ¡À–
‡¡≈Á¥¢—∫ªí  “«– ‡ªì𬓇ÀπÁ∫∑«“√
Àπ—°·°âÕ“°“√∑âÕߺŸ° ¢Õπ¥Õ°æ‘°ÿ≈
‡°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ√“∫“ß™π‘¥‡®√‘≠‡¢â“‰ª„π
‡π◊ÕÈ ‰¡â ∑”„Àâ‡π◊ÕÈ ‰¡â¡ ’ π’ ”È µ“≈‡¢â¡ª√–
¢“« ¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ π—∫‡ªìπ¢Õπ¥Õ°∑’Ë¡’
§ÿ≥¿“楒∑ Ë’ ¥ÿ „™â∫”√ÿߧ√√¿å µ—∫ ªÕ¥
À—«„®.
æÿ¥ À≈—°∑’Ë Ú
Ò. ™◊ÕË ‰¡âæ¡ÿà À√◊Õ‰¡âµπâ À≈“¬™π‘¥
„π °ÿ≈ Gardenia «ß»å Rubiaceae
‡™àπ æÿ¥À√◊Õ¢àÕ¬¥à“π G. collinsae
Craib æÿ¥®’πÀ√◊Õæÿ¥´âÕπ Gardenia
augusta (L.) Merr.
Ú. ™◊Ë Õ ‰¡â æÿà ¡ À≈“¬™π‘ ¥ „π °ÿ ≈
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
Taberneamontana ǧȌ Apocy-
naceae ‡™àπ æÿ¥®’∫À√◊Õæÿ¥ «π [T.
divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. et
Schult.].
æÿ¥´âÕπ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÚ
Gardenia augusta (L.) Merr.
ǧȌ Rubiaceae
æÿ¥´âÕπ æÿ¥®’π ‰¡âæÿà¡ „∫‡¥’ˬ«
§àÕπ¢â“ßÀπ“ ’‡¢’¬«‡¢â¡ ¥Õ° ’¢“«
º≈√Ÿª°√– «¬.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ √“°µâ ¡ πÈ” ¥◊Ë ¡ À√◊ Õ
Ωπ∑“·°âº◊Ëπ§—πµ“¡º‘«Àπ—ß ¥—∫æ‘…
º≈·Àâß·µàß ’Õ“À“√„Àâ ’· ¥.
‚æ
‰¡âµπâ „π °ÿ≈ Ficus «ß»å Mora-
ceae ‡ªìπ‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥„À≠à¡“° πÈ”
¬“ß ’ ¢ “« ‚§πµâ 𠇪ì π æŸ æ Õπ„À≠à
≈”µâ π ·µ°°‘Ë ß °â “ π “¢“ °‘Ë ß ¡’ √ “°
Õ“°“»ÀâÕ¬≈ß¡“∫â“ß „∫‡¥’ˬ«√ŸªªÑÕ¡
‚§π„∫ªÑ“πÀ√◊Õ‡«â“‡¢â“‡≈Á°πâÕ¬·≈â«
º“¬ÕÕ°‡ªì π √Ÿ ª À— « „® ª≈“¬ ÿ ¥ ®–
§Õ¥·≈–‡ªìπµ‘Ë߬“«¡“° ¥Õ°‡ªìπ™àÕ
°≈¡ÕÕ°µÕπª≈“¬°‘Ëß º≈°≈¡‡≈Á° ’
‡¢’¬« ‡¡◊ËÕ·°à®—¥ ’·¥ß§≈È”À√◊Õ¡à«ß¥”.
‚æ„π °ÿ≈ Ficus ¡’ Ú ™π‘¥ §◊Õ
‚æ„∫ F. religiosa L. (µâπ‚æ„∫´÷Ëß
‡ªìπ∑’˵√— √Ÿâ¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ ‡√’¬°
‚æ»√’¡À“‚æ∏‘ ·≈–‡√’¬°√«¡∂÷ßÀπààÕ
∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ¿“¬À≈—ߥ⫬) ·≈–‚梒Èπ°
À√◊Õ‚æª√“ “∑ F. rumphii Blume
„∫¢Õ߂梒πÈ °¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°·≈–µ‘ßË ·À≈¡
ª≈“¬„∫ —Èπ°«à“‚æ„∫¡“° º≈ ÿ°¢Õß
‚梒Èπ°¡’ ’¥”  à«π¢Õß‚æ„∫¡’ ’·¥ß
§≈È”À√◊Õ¡à«ß¥”.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ πÈ”®“°‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ
™à«¬∫√√‡∑“Õ“°“√ª«¥øíπ º≈„™â‡ªìπ
¬“√–∫“¬·≈–™à«¬¬àÕ¬.
ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¡’ æ◊ ™ ®“°µàà “ ߪ√–‡∑»
™π‘¥Àπ÷ßË π”‡¢â“¡“ª≈Ÿ°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
¡’™◊ËÕ«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å«à“Hura crepitans
L. ∫“ß∂‘Ëπ‡√’¬° ‚æ»√’.
‚æ∏‘, ‚æ∏‘Ï À≈—°∑’Ë Ú, Û, ı, ¯, ÒÒ,
Ûı, Ûˆ, Ùˆ, ¯ˆ, ˘Û, ˘ı, Òˆ,
ÒÛÒ, ÒÛˆ, Ò˜˘, Ò¯, Ò¯Û, Ò˘Ò,
Ò˘Ú, ÚÙ, Úı, Úˆ, Ú˜, Ú¯,
ÚÒ, ÚÒÒ, Ú¯ˆ, Ûı, ÛÒ˜, ÛÒ¯
¥Ÿ ‚æ.
¡∏ÿª“¬“» À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÙ, Úı,
Úˆ, Ú˜, Ú¯, ÚÒ, ÚÒÒ
¥Ÿ ª“¬“ .
¡à«ß À≈—°∑’Ë Ò, Ù, ı, ˜, ˘, Ú¯Ú
‚∫√“≥ ¡à«ß ‡ªìπ™◊ËÕµâπ‰¡â  à«π
¡–¡à«ß ‡ªì𧔇√’¬°º≈¢Õßµâπ¡à«ß.
¥Ÿ ¡–¡à«ß.
¡–¢«‘¥ À≈—°∑’Ë ˘Û
Limonia acidissima L. ǧȌ
Rutaceae
‰¡âµπâ ≈”µâπ¡’Àπ“¡ „∫ª√–°Õ∫
·∫∫¢ππ°‡√’¬ß ≈—∫ ‡π◊ÈÕ„∫¡’µàÕ¡
πÈ”¡—π°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿ∑à ∫’Ë √‘‡«≥¢Õ∫„∫ ¥Õ°
™à Õ ÕÕ°∑’Ë ª ≈“¬°‘Ë ß À√◊ Õ ∑’Ë ´ Õ°„∫
ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬¥Õ°‡æ»ºŸâ · ≈–¥Õ°
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥å‡æ»„πµâπ‡¥’¬«°—π °≈’∫¥Õ°
 ’‡À≈◊Õß·°¡‡¢’¬«‡®◊ե⫬ ’·¥ß º≈
°≈¡ ‡¡◊ËÕ ÿ°‡ª≈◊Õ° ’‡∑“·°¡πÈ”µ“≈
‡π◊È Õ º≈¡–¢«‘ ¥  ÿ ° ¡’  ’ πÈ” µ“≈§≈â “ ¬ ’
˜ÒÙ
¡–¢“¡ ¡’‡¡≈Á¥·∑√°„π‡π◊ÈÕ®”π«π
¡“°.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ „∫·°â∑âÕ߇ ’¬ µ°
‡≈◊Õ¥ Àâ“¡√–¥Ÿ µ”æÕ°À√◊Õ∑“·°âø°
∫«¡ √—°…“Ωï·≈–‚√§º‘«Àπ—ß∫“ß™π‘¥
¢—∫≈¡ Ω“¥ ¡“π º≈°‘π‡ªìπº≈‰¡â
∑”„Àâ ¥™◊Ëπ ∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ º≈¥‘∫π”¡“
Ω“π‡ªìπ™‘È𵓰·Àâß™ßπÈ”¥◊Ë¡·°â‚√§
≈—°ªî¥≈—°‡ªî¥ ∑âÕ߇ ’¬ ‚√§‡°’ˬ«°—∫
∑“߇¥‘πÕ“À“√ ∑”„Àâ∑âÕ߉¡àºŸ° ¬“ß
≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ°âÕπ„  ’‡À≈◊ÕßÕàÕπÀ√◊Õ
‰¡à ¡’  ’ ·°â ‚ √§∑â Õ ß√à « ß Àâ “ ¡‚≈À‘ µ
≈–≈“¬πÈ”‰¥âπÈ”¬“߇À𒬫¢âπ„™â·∑π
°“«.
¡–¢“¡
Tamarindus indica L. ǧȌ
Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae
‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥°≈“ß∂÷ß¢π“¥„À≠à
‡π◊ÈÕ·¢Á߇À𒬫¡“° ‡ª≈◊Õ°¡’ ’πÈ”µ“≈
À√◊ Õ ‡∑“¥” „∫ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫¢ππ°
‡√’¬ß ≈—∫°—π „∫¬àÕ¬¡’ Ò-Ú §Ÿà
ÕÕ°µ√ߢⓡ°—π ¥Õ° ’‡À≈◊Õß â¡ÕÕ°
‡ªìπ™àÕµ“¡´Õ°„∫·≈–ª≈“¬°‘Ëß °≈’∫
‡≈’Ȭߡ’ Ù °≈’∫ °≈’∫¥Õ°¡’ ı °≈’∫
¢π“¥‰¡à‡∑à“°—π º≈‡ªìπΩí°µ√ßÀ√◊ÕßÕ
‡ª≈◊Õ°Àπ“·¢Á߇ª√“–  ’πÈ”µ“≈À√◊Õ
πÈ”µ“≈Õ¡‡∑“ ‡π◊ÈÕ¡’√ ‡ª√’Ȭ«À√◊Õ
À«“π·≈â«·µàæ—π∏ÿå ¡’‡¡≈Á¥.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ „∫¡–¢“¡·°à¡’ √  
‡ª√’Ȭ«Ω“¥ ¢—∫‡ ¡À–„π≈”‰ â øÕ°
‚≈À‘µ ¢—∫‡≈◊Õ¥·≈–≈¡„π≈”‰ â ·°â∫‘¥
·°â‰Õ ‡π◊ÈÕ„πΩí°°—¥‡ ¡À– ≈¥§«“¡
√âÕπ∫√√‡∑“Õ“°“√‰¢â ‡ªìπ¬“√–∫“¬
§—Èπ°—∫πÈ”ªŸπ„ ¥◊Ë¡¢—∫‡≈◊Õ¥¢—∫≈¡„π
 µ√’ À ≈— ß §≈Õ¥„À¡à Ê ·°â  — π π‘ ∫ “µ
»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)

ÀπⓇæ≈‘ß §—Èπ°—∫‡°≈◊Õ·≈–πÈ”¥◊Ë¡‡ªìπ
¬“¢—∫√° ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ¡’√ Ω“¥‡¡“√âÕπ
·°â ‡ Àß◊ Õ °∫«¡ ·¡ß°‘ π øí π 欓∏‘
º‘«Àπ—ß µâ¡À√◊ÕΩπ°—∫πÈ”ªŸπ„ ∑“·°â
·º≈‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß „™â™–≈â“ß∫“¥·º≈ ‡ª≈◊Õ°
¢Õ߇¡≈Á ¥ ¡–¢“¡‡√’ ¬ °«à “ ‡ª≈◊ Õ °≈Ÿ °
¡–¢“¡¢∫ ‰¥â®“°°“√‡Õ“‡¡≈Á¥¡–¢“¡
·™àπÈ”∑‘È߉«â®π‡ª≈◊Õ°πà“¬≈Õ°ÕÕ°¡“
¡’√ Ω“¥ ·°â∑âÕß√à«ß §ÿ¡∏“µÿ Õ“‡®’¬π
‡ªì𬓠¡“π·º≈ ∫¥‡ªìπºß≈–≈“¬
πÈ” ÿ°æÕ°·º≈¢Õߧπ∑’ˇªìπ‚√§‡∫“
À«“πÀ√◊Õ·º≈‡ªóòÕ¬∑’Ë≈“¡ÕÕ°¢¬“¬
‡ªìπ«ß„À≠à ‡¡≈Á¥¡–¢“¡¡’√ ¡—π ¢—∫
欓∏‘ ·°âµ“π¢‚¡¬ ∫”√ÿ߉¢¢âÕ ∫”√ÿß
°”≈—ß ·°â∫‘¥ ∑âÕß√à«ß Õ“‡®’¬π √°
¡–¢“¡¡’√ Ω“¥ ·°â∑âÕ߇ ’¬.
¡–¢“¡ªÑÕ¡ À≈—°∑’Ë Ú¯ˆ
Phyllanthus emblica L. ǧȌ
Euphorbiaceae
‰¡â µâ π ¢π“¥‡≈Á ° ∂÷ ß ¢π“¥°≈“ß
‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ¡’ ’πÈ”µ“≈Õ¡‡∑“ „∫√«¡
‡√’¬ß‡ªìπ Ú ·∂«§≈⓬¢ππ° ¥Õ°
ÕÕ°‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ°µ“¡´Õ°„∫ ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬
 ’¢“«À√◊Õ ’π«≈¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“° ¥Õ°
‡æ»ºŸâ · ≈–¥Õ°‡æ»‡¡’ ¬ Õ¬Ÿà ∫ πµâ π
‡¥’¬«°—π º≈√Ÿª°≈¡ ·°à®—¥¡’ ’‡¢’¬«
ÕàÕπ§àÕπ¢â“ß„  ‡¡≈Á¥°≈¡ ’‡¢’¬«·¢Áß
¡’ Ò ‡¡≈Á¥.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ º≈¡–¢“¡ªÑÕ¡Õ¬Ÿà
„πæ‘°—¥¬“‰∑¬ ™◊ËÕæ‘°—¥µ√’º≈“ ¡’º≈
 ¡Õ‰∑¬ º≈ ¡Õ摇¿° º≈¡–¢“¡ªÑÕ¡
≈Ÿ°ÕàÕπ¡’√ ‡ª√’¬È «À«“πΩ“¥¢¡ ∫”√ÿß
‡π◊ÈÕÀπ—ß °—¥‡ ¡À– ·°âæ√√¥÷° ¢—∫
欓∏‘ ≈Ÿ°·°à¡√’  ‡ª√’¬È «Ω“¥¢¡‡ºÁ¥ ·°â
‰¢â‡®◊Õ≈¡ ‰Õ ‡ ¡À– ∑”„Àâ™ÿà¡§Õ ¢—∫
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–
ªí  “«– ‡ªìπ¬“√–∫“¬ ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„®
·°â≈¡ ‡π◊ÈÕº≈·Àâß¡’√ ‡ª√’Ȭ«Ω“¥¢¡
‡ªìπ¬“Ω“¥ ¡“π ·°â√¥‘  ’¥«ß∑«“√ ∫‘¥
∑âÕ߇ ’¬ „∫√ Ω“¥¢¡ µâ¡πȔՓ∫·°â
‰¢â ¥Õ°√ ÀÕ¡‡¬Áπ √–∫“¬∑âÕß ¬“ß
®“°º≈¡’√ ‡ª√’Ȭ«Ω“¥¢¡ „™âÀ¬Õ¥µ“
·°âµ“Õ—°‡ ∫ °‘π‡ªìπ¬“™à«¬¬àÕ¬ ¢—∫
ªí  “«– ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ√ Ω“¥¢¡ ‡ªìπ¬“
 ¡“π·º≈ √“°√ Ω“¥¢¡ µâ¡πÈ”¥◊Ë¡
·°â‰¢â∑”„À⇠âπ¬◊¥ ·°â¡–‡√Áß°√“¡™â“ß
øÕ°‚≈À‘µ ∑”„ÀâÕ“‡®’¬π.
¡–‡¥◊ËÕ À≈—°∑’Ë Úˆ
™◊ËÕæ√√≥‰¡â °ÿ≈ Ficus «ß»å
Moraceae ¡’À≈“¬™π‘¥ ‡ªìπ‰¡â¬π◊ µâπ
‰¡âæ¡àÿ ‰¡â‡≈◊ÕÈ ¬°Á¡’ ‡™àπ ¡–‡¥◊ÕË ¢π (Fi-
cus hirta Vahl) ¡–‡¥◊ËÕÕÿ∑ÿ¡æ√À√◊Õ
¡–‡¥◊ËÕ™ÿ¡æ√ (Ficus racemosa L.)
¡–‡¥◊ËÕª≈âÕß (Ficus hispida L.f.) ∑’Ë
¡’   √√æ§ÿ ≥ ∑“߇¿ — ™ °√√¡‰∑¬§◊ Õ
¡–‡¥◊ËÕÕÿ∑ÿ¡æ√.
Ficus racemosa L.
¡–‡¥◊ËÕÕÿ∑ÿ¡æ√ ¡–‡¥◊ËÕ™ÿ¡æ√ ‰¡â
µâπ ≈”µâπ¡’πÈ”¬“ߢ“« ‚§πµâπ¡’
æŸæÕπ „∫‡¥’ˬ«‡√’¬ß ≈—∫ ¥Õ°™àÕ‡°‘¥
¿“¬„π∞“π√Õߥհ∑’Ë ¡’ √Ÿ ª §≈â “ ¬º≈
ÕÕ°∑’Ë≈”µâπ·≈–°‘Ëß ·¬°‡æ»Õ¬Ÿà„π™àÕ
‡¥’¬«°—π º≈°≈¡¡’¢π≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ’¢“«
‡¡◊Ë Õ  ÿ ° ¡’  ’ · ¥ß ©’ ° º≈ÕÕ°¥Ÿ ® –æ∫
‡° √‡≈Á°Ê Õ¬Ÿà¿“¬„π.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ √“°·°â‰¢âæ‘… ‰¢â
°“à ·°â√âÕπ„π ¢—∫‡ ¡À– ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ
¡’√ Ω“¥ ·°â∑âÕß√à«ß∑’ˉ¡à„™à∫‘¥À√◊Õ
ÕÀ‘«“µ°‚√§ ·°âÕ“‡®’¬π Àâ“¡‡≈◊Õ¥
µâ¡πÈ”„™â™–≈â“ß·º≈ „∫·°â‚√§πÈ”¥’‡ªìπ
æ‘… º≈ÕàÕπ¡’ ’‡¢’¬« √ Ω“¥ ‡ªìπ
˜Òı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
¬“∏“µÿ ¢—∫≈¡ „™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√.
¡–π“« À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÛÒ
Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.)
Swingle ǧȌ Rutaceae
‰¡âæÿà¡ °‘Ëß°â“πÕàÕπ¡’Àπ“¡¬“«
„∫ª√–°Õ∫™π‘¥≈¥√Ÿª‡À≈◊Õ„∫¬àÕ¬„∫
‡¥’¬« ¥Õ°‡¥’ˬ«À√◊Õ‡ªìπ™àÕ —ÈπÊ ´÷Ëß
Õ“®¡’‰¥â∂÷ß ˜ ¥Õ° ÕÕ°∑’˪≈“¬°‘Ëß
À√◊Õ´Õ°„∫  ’¢“« °≈’∫¥Õ°¡’ ı °≈’∫
º≈°≈¡ ‡ª≈◊Õ°∫“߇√’¬∫  ’‡¢’¬«‡¡◊ËÕ
 ÿ° ’‡À≈◊Õß ‡¡≈Á¥°≈¡√’ ¡’À≈“¬‡¡≈Á¥.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ √“°¡’√ ®◊¥‡¬Á𠇪ìπ
¬“·°â‰¢â ·°â‰¢â°≈—∫ ‰¢â´È” ∂Õπæ‘…
º‘¥ ”·¥ß ·°âø°™È” ·°âæ‘… ÿπ—¢°—¥
Ωπ°—∫‡À≈â“∑“·°âª«¥Ωï æ‘…Õ—°‡ ∫ „∫
¡’√ ª√à“ µâ¡πÈ”¥◊Ë¡‡ªì𬓷°â‰Õ °—¥
øÕ°‡ ¡À– ·°â∑Õâ ßÕ◊¥ ∑âÕ߇ ’¬ ¢—∫≈¡
øÕ°‚≈À‘µ√–¥Ÿ º≈§—ÈππÈ”¡’√ ‡ª√’Ȭ«
·°â‰Õ ¢—∫‡ ¡À– ·°â‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°µ“¡
‰√øíπ øÕ°‡≈◊Õ¥ °—¥‡∂“¥“π„π∑âÕß
„™â‡ªìππÈ”°√– “¬¬“ ‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈À√◊Õº‘«
¡–π“« ·°â∑Õâ ߢ÷πÈ ∑âÕ߇øÑÕ ≈¡«‘߇«’¬π
ª«¥∑âÕß ®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥·πàπ ¢—∫‡ ¡À– ·°â
‡∫◊ËÕÕ“À“√ ‡¡≈Á¥¡’√ ¢¡ ·°â´“߇¥Á°
·°â‡¡Á¥¬Õ¥„𪓰 ¢—∫‡ ¡À– ·°â‰¢â
Õ“‡®’¬π ·°âæ‘…Ωï¿“¬„π πÈ”¡—π®“°
¥Õ°¡–π“«·≈–®“°º‘«º≈¡–π“« „™â
·µàß°≈‘ËπÕ“À“√ ¬“ πÈ”ÀÕ¡ ‡§√◊ËÕß
 ”Õ“ß.
¡–æ√â“« À≈—°∑’Ë ˘Û, ÒÒ˘, Ú¯ˆ
Cocos nucifera L. var. nuci-
fera ǧȌ Palmae
‰¡âµâπ ‰¡à·µ°°‘Ëß°â“π “¢“ „∫
ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫¢ππ°‡√’¬ß´âÕπ°—π‡ªìπ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
°√–®ÿ°∑’ˬե ¡’„∫¬àÕ¬®”π«π¡“°
°â “ π„∫∫“πÕÕ°‚Õ∫µ‘ ¥ °— ∫ ≈”µâ π
¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕ®“°´Õ°„∫¡’°“∫Àÿâ¡
‡√’¬°«à“ ®—Ëπ¡–æ√â“« ¥Õ°‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–
¥Õ°‡æ»‡¡’¬Õ¬Ÿàµà“ߥհ°—π º≈‡ªìπ
™àÕ„À≠à ‡√’¬°«à“ ∑–≈“¬ º≈ÕàÕπ ’
‡¢’¬« º≈·°à ’πÈ”µ“≈ √Ÿª∑√ß°≈¡À√◊Õ
√’·°¡√Ÿª “¡‡À≈’ˬ¡ ‡ª≈◊Õ°πÕ°‡√’¬∫
‡π◊ÈÕ‡À𒬫 ™—Èπ°≈“߇ªìπ‡ âπ„¬πÿà¡
‡√’¬°«à“ „¬¡–æ√â“« ‡ª≈◊Õ°Àÿ⡇¡≈Á¥
·¢Áß¡“° ‡√’¬°«à“ °–≈“ ‡π◊ÈÕ„π‡¡≈Á¥
 ’ ¢ “« ¿“¬„π¡’ πÈ” „  ‡√’ ¬ °«à “ πÈ”
¡–æ√â“«.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ √“°¡’√ Ω“¥À«“π
„™â¢—∫ªí  “«– ·°â∑âÕ߇ ’¬ µâ¡πȔա
·°âª“°‡®Á∫ ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ‡º“‡ªìπ‡∂â“ „™â
∑“·°âÀ‘¥ „™â ’øíπ·°âª«¥øíπ ¥Õ°¡’
√ Ω“¥À«“π ·°â‰¢â ∑âÕ߇¥‘π √âÕπ„π
°√–À“¬πÈ” ∫”√ÿß‚≈À‘µ ‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈¡’
√ Ω“¥ ÿ¢ÿ¡ ·°âª«¥ ·°âÕ“‡®’¬π Àâ“¡
‡≈◊Õ¥ °–≈“·°âª«¥‡ÕÁ𠪫¥°√–¥Ÿ°
·°â∑Õâ ߇ ’¬ ¥Ÿ¥æ‘…µà“ßÊ ‡π◊ÕÈ ¡–æ√â“«
¡’√  ÿ¢ÿ¡ ∫”√ÿß°”≈—ß ¢—∫欓∏‘ πÈ”
¡–æ√â“«¡’√ À«“π ÿ¢ÿ¡ ·°â°√–À“¬
∑”„Àâ ¥ «ß®‘ µ ™ÿà ¡ ™◊Ë π ·°â Õà Õ π‡æ≈’ ¬
∫”√ÿ ß §√√¿å ∫”√ÿ ß À— « „® ·°â æ‘ …
Õ“‡®’¬π‡ªìπ‡≈◊Õ¥ ‡π◊ÈÕ¡–æ√â“«‡¡◊ËÕπ”
‰ª∫’∫·≈–‡§’¬Ë «®–‰¥âπ”È ¡—π¡–æ√â“«„™â
ª√ÿßÕ“À“√ ‡ªìπ¬“∑“·°â°≈“° ·º≈∑’Ë
‡°‘¥®“°§«“¡‡¬Áπ®—¥À√◊Õ√âÕπ®—¥ ·°â
‚√§º‘«Àπ—ß º‘«·Àâß·µ°‡ªìπ¢ÿ¬.
¡–æ≈—∫
¥Ÿ æ≈—∫.
¡–¡à«ß À≈—°∑’Ë ˆ, ÚÛ, ˘Û, Ú¯ˆ
Mangifera indica L. ǧȌ
Anacardiaceae
‰¡âµπâ ∑ÿ° à«π¡’¬“ß °‘ßË °â“π·¬°
 “¢“ ‡√◊Õπ¬Õ¥‡ªìπæÿà¡∑÷∫°≈¡°«â“ß
„∫‡¥’ˬ« ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡ªìπ™àÕ„À≠àÊ µ“¡
ª≈“¬°‘Ëß ™àÕ¥Õ°®–¡’∑—Èߥհ‡æ»ºŸâ
·≈–¥Õ° ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å ‡ æ» ¥Õ°¡’ ¢ π“¥
‡≈Á° ’‡À≈◊Õßπ«≈À√◊Õ ’¢“« ¡’°≈‘πË ÀÕ¡
º≈¡’√Ÿª√à“ß·≈–√ µà“ßÊ °—π·≈â«·µà
æ—π∏ÿå º≈¥‘∫ ’‡¢’¬« ‡¡◊ËÕ ÿ°‡ª≈’ˬπ
‡ªìπ ’‡À≈◊ÕßÕ¡‡¢’¬« ‡À≈◊Õß  â¡ À√◊Õ
·¥ß º≈Àπ÷Ëß¡’‡æ’¬ß‡¡≈Á¥‡¥’¬«.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ „∫ÕàÕπ ¥Õ° º≈
ÕàÕπ‡≈Á°Ê π‘¬¡°‘π‡ªìπº—° ‡ª≈◊Õ°·≈–
º≈¥‘∫‡ªì𬓧ÿ¡∏“µÿ ¥Õ° ‡ª≈◊Õ° ·≈–
‡π◊ÈÕ„π‡¡≈Á¥·°â∑âÕß√à«ß ∫‘¥ Õ“‡®’¬π
„∫‡º“ Ÿ¥§«—π·°â‰Õ·≈–‚√§‡°’ˬ«°—∫
≈”§Õ ¬“ß·°â‚√§º‘«Àπ—ß º≈ ÿ°‡ªìπ
¬“√–∫“¬ÕàÕπÊ ∫”√ÿß°”≈—ß ¢—∫ªí -
 “«–.
¡–¡à«ß¢“« À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÒ
 — π π‘ … ∞“π«à “ ‡ªì π ¡–¡àà « ßæ— π ∏ÿå
Àπ÷ßË .
¥Ÿ ¡–¡à«ß.
¡–≈‘
Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton
ǧȌ Oleaceae.
¡–≈‘¡’À≈“¬™π‘¥ ‡™àπ ¡–≈‘≈“
¡–≈‘´âÕπ ¡–≈‘‡≈◊ÈÕ¬ ‡ªìπ‰¡âæÿà¡ „∫ ’
‡¢’¬« ¥Õ° ’¢“« °≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ ¥Õ°‡ªìπ
‰¡â ¡ ߧ≈ ”À√— ∫ ∫Ÿ ™ “æ√– µ°·µà ß
‡ªì 𠇧√◊Ë Õ ßª√–¥— ∫ ·≈–‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¡ß§≈
µà“ßÊ.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ¥Õ°¡–≈‘®— ¥ Õ¬Ÿà „ π
˜Òˆ
æ‘°—¥¬“‰∑¬ ‡° √∑—ÈßÀâ“ ¡’¥Õ°¡–≈‘
¥Õ°æ‘ °ÿ ≈ ¥Õ°∫ÿ π 𓧠¥Õ° “√¿’
·≈–‡° √∫—«À≈«ß ‡° √∑—È߇®Á¥ ‡æ‘Ë¡
¥Õ°®”ª“ ¥Õ°°√–¥—ßß“ ‡° √∑—È߇°â“
‡æ‘Ë¡¥Õ°≈”¥«π ¥Õ°≈”‡®’¬° √“°Ωπ
°‘π·°â√âÕπ„π ‡ ’¬¥∑âÕß ¢—∫√–¥Ÿ „∫
√—°…“·º≈æÿæÕß·≈–Ω肋…„Àâ·Àâ߇√Á«
·°â‰¢â ¢—∫πÈ”π¡ µâπ¢—∫‡ ¡À– ¢—∫‡≈◊Õ¥
¥Õ°∑”„À⮑µ„®™ÿà¡™◊Ëπ ·°â‰¢âµ—«√âÕπ
µ“‡®Á∫ ∫¥≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ÿ¡»’√…–‡¥Á°·°â
À«—¥.
¡—ππ° À≈—°∑’Ë Ò˜˘
Dioscorea inopinata Prain et
Burkill ǧȌ Dioscoreaceae
¡—π™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß À—«„™â°‘π‰¥â.
‡¡√—¬ À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÙˆ
™◊ÕË æâÕß  ÿ√“ ‡À≈â“.
¢Õ߇À≈«‰¥â®“°°“√À¡—°∏—≠æ◊™
™π‘¥µà“ßÊ À√◊Õº≈‰¡â∑’Ë¡’√ À«“π„π
√–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ¡’Õߧåª√–°Õ∫
À≈—°‡ªìπÕ—≈°ÕŒÕ≈åª√–‡¿∑‡Õ∏“πÕ≈.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ¡’√ ‡¡“ °√–∑ÿßâ æ‘…
¢—∫‡≈◊Õ¥≈¡ „™â‡ªìππÈ”°√– “¬¬“®–
∑”„À⬓·≈àπ‡√Á«.
‡¡’Ë¬ß À≈—°∑’Ë ˜Ò
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze
var. assamica (Mast.) Kitam. ǧȌ
Theaceae.
™“ §”‚∫√“≥ ªí®®ÿ∫—π¿“…“∂‘Ëπ
擬—æ·≈–Õ’ “πµÕπ∫π¬—߇√’¬°µâπ
™“«à“‡¡’ˬß.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ „∫Õà Õ π·≈–¬Õ¥
ÕàÕπ·Àâßµâ¡πÈ” „™â‡ªìππÈ”°√– “¬¬“
»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)

·≈–„™â¥◊Ë¡ ¡’√ Ω“¥ ™ÿà¡§Õ ·°â∑âÕß√à«ß
∑âÕ߇ ’¬ ¢—∫ªí  “«– ∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ ∑”„Àâ
§÷°§—°¡’™’«‘µ™’«“ Ω“¥ ¡“π À“°¥◊Ë¡
πÈ” ™“¡“°‡°‘ π ‰ªÕ“®∑”„Àâ ¡’ Õ “°“√
‡ÀπÁ∫™“ ‚≈À‘µ®“ß πÕπ‰¡àÀ≈—∫ „® —πË .
‰¡â À≈—°∑’Ë Ò˜ˆ
Ò. §”√«¡‡√’¬°æ◊™∑—«Ë ‰ª.
Ú. ‡√’¬°‡π◊ÈÕ¢Õßµâπ‰¡â.
‰¡â®—π∑πå À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ
‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡âÀ√◊Õ·°àπ¢Õßµâπ®—π∑πå.
¥Ÿ ·°àπ®—π∑πå ·≈– ®—π∑πå ª√–-
°Õ∫.
¬“ß À≈—°∑’Ë Ú, ÒÛÒ, Ú¯Ú, Ûı
™◊Ë Õ ‰¡â ¬◊ π µâ π À≈“¬™π‘ ¥ „π«ß»å
Dipterocarpaceae ‡™àπ
Ò. ¬“ßπ“ Dipterocarpus
alatus Roxb. ex G. Don ‰¡â¬◊πµâπ
¢π“¥„À≠à ≈”µâπ‡ª≈“µ√ß ’‡∑“Õ¡¢“«
‚§πµâπ¡—°‡ªìπæŸæÕπ „∫‡¥’ˬ« ·ºàπ
„∫§àÕπ¢â“ßÀπ“¡’¢πª√–ª√“¬ ¥Õ°
ÕÕ°‡ªì π ™à Õ  —È π Ê µ“¡´Õ°„∫„°≈â
ª≈“¬°‘Ëß ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬ ’™¡æŸ º≈√Ÿª°≈¡√’
¡’ªï°¬“« Ú ªï° ªï° —Èπ Û ªï°.
Ú. ¬“ß·¥ß Dipterocarpus
turbinatus C.F. Gaertn. ‰¡â¬◊πµâπ
¢π“¥„À≠à§≈⓬¬“ßπ“ ‚§πµâπ‰¡à¡’
æŸæÕπ º≈√Ÿª°≈¡√’¡’ªï°·µà¢π“¥‡≈Á°
°«à“º≈¬“ßπ“.
Û. ¬“ßæ≈«ß Dipterocarpus
tuberculatus Roxb. ‰¡â¬◊πµâπ¢π“¥
„À≠à§≈⓬¬“ßπ“ ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬ ’·¥ßÕ¡
¡à«ß º≈√Ÿª°√«¬.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ πÈ”¡—π¬“߇ªìπ¢Õß
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–
‡À≈«¢â π  ’ πÈ” µ“≈∂÷ ß  ’ ¥”ªπ‡¢’ ¬ «
‡¡◊ËÕπ”¡“°≈—Ëπ¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ”®–‰¥âπÈ”¡—π
√–‡À¬ßà“¬ ¡’√ √âÕπ‡¡“¢◊Ëπ Àâ“¡ÀπÕß
 ¡“π·º≈ „™â∑“·º≈‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬ ·º≈¡’
ÀπÕß ·º≈‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ ·°â‚√§ÀπÕß„π
¢—∫ªí  “«– ·°â·º≈„π∑“߇¥‘πªí  “«–
·°â¡ÿµ°‘µ√–¥Ÿ¢“« ¢—∫‡ ¡À– πÈ”¡—π
¬“ߺ ¡°—∫‡¡≈Á¥°ÿ¬™à“¬ (Allium
tuberosum Roxb.) §—Ë«„À⇰√’¬¡∫¥
≈–‡Õ’¬¥„™âÕ¥ÿ øíπ·°âøπí ºÿ.
¬“ß π¢âπ À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ
¬“ß∑’ˉ¥â®“°µâπ π.
¥Ÿ  π ª√–°Õ∫.
¬‘‚∂ À≈—°∑’Ë Úı˜
¥Ÿ ¬’Ë‚∂.
¬’Ë‚∂
Nerium oleander L. ǧȌ
Apocynaceae
‰¡âæ¡ÿà ∑ÿ° à«π¡’¬“ߢ“« „∫‡¥’¬Ë «
ÕÕ°√Õ∫¢âÕ ·ºàπ„∫·§∫¬“«ª≈“¬„∫
·≈–‚§π„∫·À≈¡ ¥Õ°™àÕÕÕ°∑’˪≈“¬
°‘Ëß ¡’∑—Èß°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡·≈–‰¡à¡’°≈‘Ëπ ¡’
À≈“¬ ’ ‡™àπ ¢“« ™¡æŸ ·¥ß °≈’∫
¥Õ°‡™◊Ë Õ ¡°— π µÕπ‚§π‡ªì π √Ÿ ª °√«¬
ª≈“¬·¬°‡ªìπ ı °≈’∫ º≈‡ªìπΩí°√Ÿª
¬“«¿“¬„π¡’‡¡≈Á¥®”π«π¡“°.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ¡’ “√ª√–°Õ∫æ«°
cardiac glycoside, nerioside ·≈–
oleandroside ´÷Ë߇ªìπæ‘…Õ¬à“ß·√ß
∑”„À⇫’¬π»’√…– Àπâ“¡◊¥ §≈◊Ëπ‰ â
Õ“‡®’¬πÕ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß ª«¥∑âÕß ™’æ®√
‡µâπ™â“≈ß À—«„®‡µâπº‘¥ª√°µ‘ √Ÿ¡“à πµ“
¢¬“¬ ∂à“¬Õÿ®®“√–‡ªìπ‡≈◊Õ¥ ßà«ß´÷¡
˜Ò˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
À¡¥ µ‘ À“¬„®¢—¥ „π∑’Ë ÿ¥Õ“®∂÷ß·°à
§«“¡µ“¬.
√«° À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÙ
Thyrsostachys siamensis
Gamble ǧȌ Gramineae
‰ºà™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß ¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ°Õ·πàπ ≈”
µ√߉¡à·µ°·¢πßµÕπ‚§π  Ÿß‰¥â∂ß÷ Òı
‡¡µ√ ‡π◊ÈÕºπ—ßÀπ“  ’‡¢’¬« ¢âÕ‡√’¬∫
°“∫Àÿâ¡≈”¬“«‰¥â∂÷ß Ú ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√
∫“ß·≈–‚Õ∫´â Õ π∑— ∫ ·π∫™‘ ¥ Àÿâ ¡ ≈”
·πàπ‰¡àÀ≈ÿ¥√à«ß·¡â‡¡◊ËÕ≈”·°à „∫√Ÿª
‡√’¬«¬“«¢Õ∫„∫ “°§“¬ ¥Õ°ÕÕ°
‡ªìπ™àÕ¬“« ™àÕ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
¥Õ°∑’ Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å Ú ¥Õ° ¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“°
‰¡à µ “¬‡¡◊Ë Õ ÕÕ°¥Õ° º≈√Ÿ ª √’ ¡’ ° “∫
·¢ÁßÀÿ⡧≈⓬‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ÀπàÕ„™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√
„∫‡ªìπ¬“¢—∫øÕ°√–¥Ÿ µâ¡πÈ”°‘π¢—∫
欓∏‘ µ“„∫¢—∫欓∏‘ √“°√—°…“
‡°≈◊È Õ π µâ ¡ πÈ” °‘ π ¢— ∫ ªí    “«– ·°â
ÀπÕß„π.
¥Ÿ ‰ºà ª√–°Õ∫.
√ß À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÛÒ
Ò. ¬“ߢÕßæ◊™À≈“¬™π‘¥„π °ÿ≈
Garcinia ǧȌ Guttiferae.
Ú. Garcinia hanburyi Hook.f.
ǧȌ Guttiferae.
‰¡âµâ𠇪≈◊Õ°‡√’¬∫ ’‡∑“ ¬“ß ’
‡À≈◊Õß „∫‡¥’ˬ«‡√’¬ßµ√ߢⓡ ¥Õ° ’
‡À≈◊ÕßÕàÕπ °≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ ¥Õ°‡æ»ºŸâÕÕ°
‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ°‡≈Á°Ê µ“¡ßà“¡„∫·≈–°‘Ëß
°≈’∫¥Õ° Ù °≈’∫ ¡’‡° √®”π«π¡“°
¥Õ°‡æ»‡¡’¬¢π“¥„À≠à°«à“‡≈Á°πâÕ¬
ÕÕ°µ“¡¢âÕ°‘Ëß º≈§àÕπ¢â“ß°≈¡·¢Áß.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

 √√æ§ÿ ≥ ‡ª≈◊ Õ °µâ π‡ªì 𠬓
√–∫“¬ ¢—∫欓∏‘ ¬“߇ªì𬓠·≈–„™â
∑” ’¬Õâ ¡ºâ“  ’‡¢’¬π¿“æ „Àâ√ß∑’¥Ë ∑’  Ë’ ¥ÿ
¡’ ’‡À≈◊Õßπ«≈ ‡√’¬°«à“ √ß∑Õß (gam-
boge).
√— ° À≈— ° ∑’Ë ÒÛÒ, ÒÙÙ, Ò˜ˆ,
ÛÒÙ, ÛÒˆ
Ò. Calotropis gigantea (L.)
Dryander ex W.T.Aiton ǧȌ
Asclepiadaceae
√—°¥Õ° ’¡«à ß ‰¡âæ¡ÿà ¢π“¥‡≈Á°
∑ÿ° à«π¡’¬“ß ’¢“« °‘Ëß¡’¢π „∫‡¥’ˬ«
‡√’¬ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡ ‡π◊ÈÕ„∫Àπ“ „µâ„∫¡’
¢ππÿà¡ ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕµ“¡´Õ°„∫
À√◊Õ∑’˪≈“¬°‘Ëß ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬ ’¡à«ß °≈’∫
‡≈’Ȭߡ’ ı °≈’∫ °≈’∫¥Õ°¡’ ı °≈’∫
‚§π‡™◊Ë Õ ¡µ‘ ¥ °— π ¡’ √ ¬“ß§å ‡ ªì π  — π
§≈⓬¡ß°ÿÆ ı  —π º≈‡ªìπΩí° ‡¡≈Á¥
·∫π ’πÈ”µ“≈ ¡’®”π«π¡“° ¡’¢π ’
¢“«‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ°Õ¬Ÿà∑’˪≈“¬¥â“πÀπ÷Ëß.
Ú. Calotropis procera (Ait.)
R.Br. ǧȌ Asclepiadaceae
√—°¥Õ° ’¢“« ¡’≈°— …≥–‡À¡◊Õπ
√—°¥Õ° ’¡à«ß µà“ß°—π∑’Ë ’¢Õߥհ.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ √—°∑—Èß Ú ™π‘¥¡’
 √√æ§ÿ≥‡ ¡Õ°—π„™â·∑π°—π‰¥â √“°
¡’√ ‡ΩóÕò 㛭 ·°â‰¢â‡Àπ◊Õ ∫‘¥ ¡Ÿ°‡≈◊Õ¥
‡ª≈◊Õ°√“°√ ‡ΩóÕò 㛭 ·°â∫¥‘ ¢—∫‡Àß◊ÕË
¢—∫‡ ¡À– ∑”„ÀâÕ“‡®’¬π ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ
√ ‡ΩóòÕπ‡¡“ ¢—∫πÈ”‡À≈◊Õ߇ ’¬ ∑”„Àâ
Õ“‡®’¬π „∫√ ‡ΩóòÕπ ·°â‚√§√‘¥ ’¥«ß
∑«“√ §ÿ¥∑–√“¥ ¥Õ°√ ‡ΩóòÕπ ·°âÀ◊¥
‰Õ À«—¥ ‡ªì𬓇®√‘≠Õ“À“√ ¬“™à«¬
¬àÕ¬ Ωí°√ ‡ΩóòÕπ ·°â√—ß·§ πÈ”¬“ß
®“°µâπ√ √âÕπ‡¡“ ‡ªìπ¬“∂à“¬Õ¬à“ß·√ß
·°âª«¥ÀŸª«¥øíπ ¢—∫欓∏‘ ·°â√‘¥ ’
¥«ß„π≈”‰ â °‘π¡“°∑”„ÀâÕ“‡®’¬π
·°â°≈“°‡°≈◊ÈÕπ.
√—°∑’πË ”¬“ßÀ√◊ÕπÈ”√—°¡“„™â„πß“π
»‘≈ª°√√¡‰∑¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ß“πΩï¡◊Õ∑’Ë
‡√’¬°«à“≈ß√—°ªî¥∑Õß ‡ªìπ√—°®“°æ◊™
„π«ß»å Anacardiaceae À≈“¬™π‘¥
‡™àπ √—°À≈«ß [Gluta usitata (Wall.)
Ding Hou].
√—ß À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÙ, Ú¯, ÚÒÒ
Shorea siamensis Miq. ǧȌ
Dipterocarpaceae
‰¡âµâπ ≈”µâπ‡ª≈“·µ°√àÕß≈÷°
™—π ’‡À≈◊Õߢÿà𠇪≈◊Õ°„π ’πÈ”µ“≈·¥ß
„∫‡¥’’ˬ«‡√’¬ß ≈—∫ º‘«„∫‡°≈’Ȭß∂÷ß¡’¢π
πÿà¡ ¥Õ°™àÕÕÕ°µ“¡°‘Ëß·≈–ª≈“¬°‘Ëß
 ’‡À≈◊ÕßÕàÕπ º≈√Ÿª‰¢àª≈“¬‡ªìπµ‘Ëß
·À≈¡ ¡’ªï°.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ™—π„™âº ¡πÈ”¡—π∑“‰¡â
¬“·π«‡√◊Õ ‡ª≈◊ Õ °µâ 𠇪ì 𠬓Ω“¥
 ¡“π ·°â∑âÕ߇ ’¬.
≈“ß À≈—°∑’Ë Ò, Û
¢πÿπ.
≈Ÿ° â¡ À≈—°∑’Ë Û¯
º≈‰¡â√ ‡ª√’Ȭ«.
¥Ÿ º≈‰¡â.
≈Ÿ°À«“π À≈—°∑’Ë Û¯
º≈‰¡â√ À«“π.
¥Ÿ º≈‰¡â.
≈Ÿ°À¡“°√“°‰¡â À≈—°∑’Ë ¯Ú
¥Ÿ º≈‰¡â.
‡«Ãÿ«—π À≈—°∑’Ë ˆ˜, ÚÙ
ªÉ“‰ºà.
¥Ÿ ‰ºà.
 π À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÒˆ
Ò. Pinus merkusii Jungh. et
de Vriese ǧȌ Pinaceae
 π Õß„∫ ‰¡âµπâ ≈”µâπ‡ª≈“
µ√ß ‡ª≈◊Õ°Àπ“ ’πÈ”µ“≈‡¢â¡‡°◊Õ∫¥”
„∫ÕÕ°‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡ °≈ÿà¡≈– Ú „∫ √Ÿª‡¢Á¡
¥Õ°·¬°‡æ»·µà Õ ¬Ÿà ∫ πµâ 𠇥’ ¬ «°— π
™à Õ ¥Õ°‡æ»ºŸâ Õ Õ°‡ªì π °√–®ÿ ° ∑—Ë «
ª≈“¬°‘Ëß∑’ˇ√◊Õπ¬Õ¥ ™àÕ¥Õ°‡æ»‡¡’¬
 ’¡à«ßÕÕ°µ“¡ª≈“¬°‘Ëß„À≠àÊ ¢π“¥
„À≠à ° «à “ ¥Õ°‡æ»ºŸâ º≈√Ÿ ª °√«¬
‡¡≈Á¥¡’®”π«π¡“° ¢π“¥‡≈Á° ¡’ªï°
æ∫¢÷Èπ Ÿß®“°√–¥—∫πÈ”∑–‡≈ª“π°≈“ß
ı-Ò,Û ‡¡µ√.
Ú. Pinus kesiya Royle ex
Gordon ǧȌ Pinaceae
 π “¡„∫ ‰¡âµâπ ≈—°…≥–
§≈â “ ¬ π Õß„∫·µà „ ∫ÕÕ°‡ªì π °≈ÿà ¡
°≈ÿà¡≈– Û „∫ º≈√Ÿª‰¢à æ∫¢÷Èπ Ÿß®“°
√–¥— ∫ πÈ” ∑–‡≈ª“π°≈“ß Ò,-
Ò,ˆ ‡¡µ√.
 √√æ§ÿ≥  π∑—Èß Ú ™π‘¥¡’
§ÿ≥‡ ¡Õ°—π ·°àπ¡’√ ¢¡Ω“¥‡ºÁ¥¡—π
µâ¡°—∫πÈ”¥◊Ë¡·°â‰¢â‡æ◊ËÕ‡ ¡À– ™à«¬
°√–®“¬≈¡ √–ß—∫ª√– “∑ ·°âøÿÑß´à“π
ÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬ §≈◊Ëπ‰ âÕ“‡®’¬π ∫”√ÿ߉¢
°√–¥Ÿ°·≈–‰¢¢âÕ ·°â∑âÕ߇¥‘π °√–æ’¡È ’
√ ¢¡‡ºÁ¥¡—π µâ¡πÈ”¥◊¡Ë ·°â‰¢â π— π‘∫“µ
πÈ”¡—π π¡’√ ‡ºÁ¥√âÕπ „™â∑“·°â‡§≈Á¥
¢— ¥ ¬Õ° Õ— ° ‡ ∫∫«¡ ≈”‰ â æ‘ ° “√
¡¥≈Ÿ°Õ—°‡ ∫ ™—π π√ Ω“¥¡—π√âÕπ
 ¡“π·º≈ ·°â∫‘¥ ‡ªì𬓪î¥∏“µÿ.

»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)
˜Ò¯

 ∫Ÿ À≈—°∑’Ë Òı
·Ω°.
 ¡Õ À≈—°∑’Ë Ú¯ˆ
‰¡âµâπÀ≈“¬™π‘¥„π °ÿ≈ Ter-
minalia «ß»å Combretaceae ¡’
 √√æ§ÿ≥∑“߇¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬ ‡™àπ
Terminalia chebula Retz. var.
chebula ǧȌ Combretaceae
 ¡Õ‰∑¬  ¡Õ՗欓 ‰¡âµπâ ¢π“¥
°≈“ß∂÷ß„À≠à ≈”µâπ‡ª≈“µ√ß ‡ª≈◊Õ°
Àπ“ ’πÈ”µ“≈·°à§àÕπ¢â“ߥ” „∫‡¥’ˬ«
‡√’¬ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡À√◊Õ‡°◊Õ∫µ√ß°—π¢â“¡
¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªì π ™à Õ ¬“«∫√‘ ‡ «≥·º≈„∫
„°≈âª≈“¬°‘Ëß ¥Õ°‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ° °√–®ÿ°
≈– Ù-˜ ™àÕ ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬¢π“¥‡≈Á° ’
¢“«π«≈À√◊Õ ’‡À≈◊ÕßÕàÕπ ¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡
º≈¡’‡π◊ÈÕ √Ÿª‰¢à°≈—∫ √Ÿª‰¢à À√◊Õ√Ÿª
°√– «¬ Õ“®¡’‡À≈’ˬ¡ ı ‡À≈’ˬ¡À√◊Õ
πâÕ¬°«à“ ‡¡≈Á¥·¢Áß.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ º≈ ¡Õ∑’Ë·°à®—¥Õ¬Ÿà
„πæ‘°¥— ¬“‰∑¬ Ú æ‘°¥— §◊Õ æ‘°¥— µ√’º≈“
¡’ º ≈ ¡Õ‰∑¬ º≈ ¡Õæ‘ ‡ ¿° º≈
¡–¢“¡ªÑÕ¡ æ‘°¥— µ√’ ¡Õ ¡’º≈ ¡Õ‡∑»
º≈ ¡Õ‰∑¬ º≈ ¡Õ摇¿° º≈ÕàÕπ¡’
√ ‡ª√’Ȭ« ‡ªìπ¬“√–∫“¬ ·°â‚≈À‘µ„π
∑âÕß πÈ”¥’æ‘°“√ ‡ ¡À–æ‘°“√ º≈·°à¡’
√ Ω“¥‡ª√’Ȭ«¢¡‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ ·°â‰¢â‡æ◊ËÕ
‡ ¡À– ·°â‚≈À‘µ„πÕÿ∑√ πÈ”¥’æ‘°“√
‡ªìπ¬“√–∫“¬ ·°â≈¡ªÉ«ß æ‘…√âÕπ
¿“¬„π ≈¡®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥ ∂à“¬æ‘…‰¢â §ÿ¡∏“µÿ
·°â‰Õ ‡®Á∫§Õ ¢—∫πÈ”‡À≈◊Õ߇ ’¬ ‡ ¡À–
‡ªìπæ‘… ¥’æ≈ÿàß Õ“‡®’¬π ∫”√ÿß√à“ß°“¬
¥Õß°—∫πÈ”¡Ÿµ√‚§¥◊¡Ë ·°âª«¥‡¡◊ÕË ¬µ“¡
√à“ß°“¬ µ“¡¢âÕ ·°âÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬ ∫¥
‡ªìπºß‚√¬·º≈‡√◊ÕÈ √—ß ‡π◊ÕÈ º≈ ¡Õ¡’√  πÈ”‡ß‘πÀ√◊Õ ’øÑ“ªππÈ”‡ß‘π.
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–
Ω“¥‡ª√’Ȭ« ·°â∫‘¥ ∑âÕߺŸ° ∑âÕߢ÷Èπ
Õ◊¥‡øÑÕ ‚√§‡°’ˬ«°—∫πÈ”¥’ ∑âÕß¡“π
µ—∫¡â“¡‚µ ·°âÕ“‡®’¬π  –Õ÷° À◊¥‰Õ
∑âÕß√à«ß‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß.
 —° À≈—°∑’Ë ÒÙ, ¯˜, ÒÛÒ, ÒÙÙ,
ÚÚı
Tectona grandis L.f. ǧȌ
Labiatae
‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥„À≠à „∫‡¥’ˬ«‡√’¬ß
µ√ߢ⠓ ¡ ¥Õ°™à Õ ¢π“¥„À≠à Õ Õ°∑’Ë
ª≈“¬°‘Ëß·≈–´Õ°„∫ °≈’∫¥Õ° ’¢“«
‡™◊ËÕ¡µ‘¥°—π‡ªìπÀ≈Õ¥ —Èπ º≈√Ÿª§àÕπ
¢â“ß°≈¡Àÿâ¡¡‘¥¥â«¬°≈’∫‡≈’Ȭß∑’Ë¢¬“¬
µ—«.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ·°àπ¢—∫ªí  “«– ·°â
∫«¡πÈ” ·°â‰¢â ·°àπ·≈–„∫¢—∫≈¡„π
≈”‰ â ·°â‡∫“À«“π ªí  “«–æ‘°“√ ‰µ
æ‘°“√ ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ‡¢â“¬“§ÿ¡∏“µÿ.
 —µµŸ À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÙ
¢â“«µŸ ¢π¡™π‘¥Àπ÷ßË ª√ÿß®“°¢â“«
 ÿ°µ“°·Àâߧ—«Ë ·≈⫵”„Àâ≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ‡§≈â“
°—∫πÈ”µ“≈·≈–¡–æ√â“« °‘π∫”√ÿß°”≈—ß.
 “¡À“« À≈—°∑’Ë Úı˜
Monochoria hastata (L.)
Solms ǧȌ Pontederiaceae
 “¡À“« º— ° µ∫‰∑¬ ‰¡â πÈ”
≈”µâπ à«π∑’ˇªìπ‡Àßâ“®¡Õ¬Ÿà„π‚§≈π
‡ªìπ‡Àßâ“„µâ¥‘π ≈”µâπ à«π‡Àπ◊Õ¥‘π Ÿß
ª√–¡“≥ Ù-Ò ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ ¡’
°“∫„∫Àÿ⡵≈Õ¥ „∫√ŸªÀ—«≈Ÿ°»√ ¥Õ°
™àÕÕÕ°∫√‘‡«≥„°≈â·ºàπ„∫ ¡’¥Õ°¬àÕ¬
®”π«π¡“° °≈’∫¥Õ°∫“ß  ’¡à«ßÕ¡
˜Ò˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ °â “ π„∫·≈–¥Õ°
ÕàÕπ„™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√ ¥Õ°º ¡‡§√◊ËÕ߬“
Õ◊πË ª√ÿ߇ªìπ¬“¡À“™ÿ¡πÿ¡„À≠à π— π‘∫“µ
·°â‚√§∑—Ë«‰ª‰¥â∂÷ß ˘ˆ ®”æ«°.
 “√¿’ À≈—°∑’Ë ˘Û, Ú¯ˆ
Mammea siamensis Kosterm.
ǧȌ Guttiferae
‰¡âµπâ ¢π“¥°≈“ß ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ ’‡∑“
¥” ·µ°≈àÕπ‡ªìπ –‡°Á¥ „∫‡¥’ˬ«ÕÕ°
µ√ߢⓡ‡ªìπ§ŸàÊ ·µà≈–§Ÿà ≈—∫∑‘»°—π
¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕµ“¡°‘Ëß ™àÕ‡¥’¬«À√◊Õ
À≈“¬™àÕ ¥Õ° ’¢“«‡ª≈’¬Ë π‡ªìπ ’‡À≈◊Õß
‡¡◊ÕË ®–‚√¬ °≈‘πË ÀÕ¡¡“° °≈’∫¥Õ°¡’ Ù
°≈’∫ ‚§π‡ªìπ°√–æÿâß ‡° √‡æ»ºŸâ¡’
®”π«π¡“° º≈√Ÿª°√– «¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ ÿ° ’
‡À≈◊Õß ‡π◊ÕÈ  ’‡À≈◊ÕßÀ√◊Õ ’· ¥Àÿ¡â ‡¡≈Á¥.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ ¥Õ° “√¿’ Õ ¬Ÿà „ π
æ‘°—¥‡° √∑—ÈßÀâ“ ¡’¥Õ°¡–≈‘ ¥Õ°æ‘°ÿ≈
¥Õ°∫ÿπ𓧠¥Õ° “√¿’ ‡° √∫—«À≈«ß
‡° √∑—È ß ‡®Á ¥ ‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¥Õ°®”ª“ ¥Õ°
°√–¥—ßß“ ‡° √∑—ßÈ ‡°â“ ‡æ‘¡Ë ¥Õ°≈”¥«π
¥Õ°≈”‡®’¬° ‡ªìπ‡§√◊ÕË ß¬“∑’¡Ë °’ ≈‘πË ÀÕ¡
π‘¬¡‡¢â“¬“ÀÕ¡ ∫”√ÿßÀ—«„® ·°â«ß‘ ‡«’¬π
¥Õ°¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ √ ¢¡‡¬Áπ ·°â‚≈À‘µ
æ‘°“√ ·°â‰¢â∑’Ë¡’æ‘…√âÕ𠇮√‘≠Õ“À“√
∫”√ÿßÀ—«„® ™Ÿ°”≈—ß ∫”√ÿߧ√√¿å√—°…“
 “≈ À≈—°∑’Ë ¯ˆ
¥Ÿ  “≈–.
 “≈–
Shorea robusta C.F. Gaertn.
ǧȌ Dipterocarpaceae
‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥°≈“ß∂÷ß¢π“¥„À≠à
≈”µâπ‡ª≈“µ√ß ‡ª≈◊Õ° ’‡∑“ ·µ°‡ªìπ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
√àÕ߇ªìπ –‡°Á¥∑—Ë«‰ª „∫‡¥’ˬ«√Ÿª‰¢à
°«â“ß ª≈“¬„∫‡ªìπµ‘ßË ·À≈¡ —πÈ Ê ¢Õ∫
„∫‡ªì π §≈◊Ë π ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªì π ™à Õ  —È π Ê
µ“¡ª≈“¬°‘ßË ·≈–ßà“¡„∫ °≈’∫¥Õ°¬“«
 ’¢“«Õ¡‡À≈◊Õß ¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ º≈‡ªìπ
º≈™π‘ ¥ ·Àâ ß ·¢Á ß ¡’ ªï ° æ∫¡“°∑“ß
¿“§‡Àπ◊ Õ ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»Õ‘ 𠇥’ ¬ ·≈–
‡πª“≈.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡π◊ÕÈ ‰¡â‰™â∑”∏Ÿª ¬“ß
‡ªìπ¬“Ω“¥ ¡“π ·°â∫‘¥.
æ◊™Õ’°™π‘¥Àπ’Ë߇ªìπ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°“
„µâ∑’Ëπ”¡“ª≈Ÿ°„π»√’≈—ß°“ ·≈â«·æ√à
À≈“¬‡¢â “ ¡“„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ §◊ Õ
Couroupita guianensis Aubl. ǧȌ
Lecythidaceae
 “≈–≈—ß°—ß  “≈–≈—ß°“ ≈Ÿ°ªóπ
„À≠à ‰¡à„™àµâπ “≈–„πæÿ∑∏ª√–«—µ‘
‡ªì π ‰¡â µâ π ¢π“¥°≈“ß∂÷ ß ¢π“¥„À≠à
‡ª≈◊Õ° ’πÈ”µ“≈ „∫‡¥’ˬ«ÕÕ°‡«’¬π
 ≈— ∫ µ“¡ª≈“¬°‘Ë ß √Ÿ ª „∫ÀÕ°°≈— ∫
ª≈“¬·À≈¡ ¢Õ∫„∫®—°µ◊ÈπÊ ¥Õ°™àÕ
„À≠ଓ«ÕÕ°µ“¡‚§πµâπ ¥Õ° ’™¡æŸ
Õ¡‡À≈◊Õß·≈–·¥ß °≈’∫¥Õ°ªÑÕ¡‡ªìπ
°√–æÿâß °≈‘ËπÀÕ¡·√ß ‡° √‡æ»ºŸâ¡’
®”π«π¡“° º≈°≈¡ ’πÈ”µ“≈ ¿“¬„π
¡’‡¡≈Á¥À≈“¬‡¡≈Á¥.
 ’‡ ’¬¥ À≈—°∑’Ë ˆ˜
Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd.
ǧȌ Leguminosae-Mimosoideae
 ’‡ ’¬¥  ’‡ ’¬¥‡Àπ◊Õ  ’‡ ’¬¥·°àπ
(pale catechu) ‡ªìπ‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥°≈“ß
°‘Ëß¡’Àπ“¡‡≈Á°Ê ‡ªìπ§ŸàÊ „∫ª√–°Õ∫
·∫∫¢ππ° Ú ™—Èπ ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕ
√Ÿª∑√ß°√–∫Õ° ÕÕ°µ“¡´Õ°„∫ Ò-Û
™àÕ ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬‡¡◊ÕË ∫“π„À¡àÊ  ’¢“«π«≈
‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ ’‡À≈◊Õ߇¡◊ËÕ®–‚√¬ º≈‡ªìπ
Ωí°·∫π.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ·°â∫¥‘
∑âÕ߇¥‘π µâ¡°—∫πÈ”„™â≈â“ß·º≈‡ªóòÕ¬
·°àπµâ¡°‘π·°â∑Õâ ߇¥‘π Ωπ°—∫πÈ”∑“·°â
‚√§º‘«Àπ—ß  “√∑’Ë °—¥®“°°“√„™â·°àπ
µâ¡‡§’ˬ«°—∫πÈ”®π¢âπ ∑‘Èß„À⇬Áπ ¡’
≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ°âÕπ·¢Á߇ª√“– ’πÈ”µ“≈
√ Ω“¥ ‡√’¬°«à“  ’‡ ’¬¥ „™â°‘π°—∫
À¡“°æ≈Ÿ°—πªŸπ°—¥ª“° ·≈–„™â‡ªìπ
¬“·°â∑âÕ߇¥‘π Ωπ°—∫πÈ”∑“√—°…“·º≈
πÈ” °— ¥ ‡∑â “ ·≈–„™â ‡ ªì π  ’ ¬â Õ ¡„Àâ  ’
πÈ”µ“≈·¥ß.
πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’æ◊™·≈–º≈º≈‘µ
®“°æ◊™Õ’° Ú Õ¬àà“ß ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“  ’‡ ’¬¥
§◊Õ
Ò. Pentace burmanica Kurz
ǧȌ Tiliaceae
 ’‡ ’¬¥‡ª≈◊Õ° ‰¡âµâπ¢π“¥
°≈“ß∂÷ß¢π“¥„À≠à ≈”µâπ‡ª≈“µ√ß
‡ª≈◊Õ° ’‡∑“ ‡ª≈◊Õ°„π‡ªìπ‡ âπÀ¬“∫Ê
 ’πÈ”µ“≈·¥ß „∫‡¥’¬Ë «‡√’¬ß ≈—∫°—π ¥Õ°
ÕÕ°√«¡‡ªì π ™à Õ µ“¡ª≈“¬°‘Ë ß ¥Õ°
‡≈Á° ’¢“« °≈’∫¥Õ°¡’ ı °≈’∫ º≈√Ÿª
°√– «¬¡’§√’∫∫“ßÊ µ“¡¬“«.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ√ Ω“¥
À«“π µâ¡πÈ”°‘π·°â∫‘¥ ∑âÕß√à«ß Õ¡
‡§’Ȭ«·°â·º≈„𪓰·≈–≈”§Õ Ωπ‡Õ“
πÈ”∑“·º≈‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬æÿæÕß.
Ú. Choerospondias axillaris
(Roxb.) B.L. Burtt et Hill ǧȌ
Anacardiaceae
 ’‡ ’¬¥‡∑»  ’‡ ’¬¥·¢° (gam-
bier) ‰¡âæÿà¡√Õ‡≈◊ÈÕ¬ „∫‡¥’ˬ«ÕÕ°µ√ß
°—π¢â“¡ ‚§π°â“π„∫¡’Àπ“¡·À≈¡‚§âß
ßÕ‡ªìπµ–¢Õ‡°“– ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ°
˜Ú
Õ—¥°—π·πàπ‡ªìπ™àÕ°≈¡.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ „∫·≈–°‘Ë ß Õà Õ π
À¡—°·≈⫵⡇§’ˬ«¡’√ Ω“¥ ∫¥‡ªìπºß
À√◊յ⡰‘π·°â∑âÕß√à«ß ∫‘¥ ¡Ÿ°‡≈◊Õ¥
 ¡“π·º≈ „ à·º≈‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬.
 ÿ√“ À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÙˆ, ÚÙ˜
¥Ÿ ‡¡√—¬.
À≠â “ À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÒ, ÒÙ, Úı,
ÚÚÚ
æ◊™À≈“¬™π‘¥„π«ß»å Grami-
neae ∑’Ë¡’ √√æ§ÿ≥„π∑“߇¿ —™°√√¡
‰∑¬ ‡™àπ
Ò. À≠⓵’π°“ À≠⓵’πµÿ䥵Ÿà
Acrachne racemosa (Heyne ex
Roth) Ohwi À≠â“¢π“¥‡≈Á° ≈”µâπ
ÕàÕπ°≈¡°≈«ß‡ªìπª≈âÕß ∑Õ¥πÕπ
‰ªµ“¡Àπâ“¥‘π ¬Õ¥µ—Èß ‰¡à¡’¢π „∫
‡¥’ˬ«ÕÕ°‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ°∑’Ë‚§πµâπ√Ÿª·§∫
‡√’¬«¬“« ’‡¢’¬«π«≈ ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ™àÕ
¡’¥Õ°¬àÕ¬¢π“¥‡≈Á°®”π«π¡“° ™àÕ
¥Õ°¡’√Ÿª§≈⓬µ’π°“À√◊Õµ’πµÿ䥵Ÿà.
 √√æ§ÿ ≥ ∑—È ß µâ π ¡’ √  ¢¡
‡¬Áπ µâ¡πÈ”¥◊¡Ë ∑”„À♡àÿ ™◊πË „® ·°âæ…‘ ‰¢â
æ‘…°“à ™È”„π æÕ°·°âø°∫«¡ ª«¥
· ∫ª«¥√âÕπµ“¡√à“ß°“¬.
Ú. À≠Ⓣ∑√ Leersia hexandra
Sw. ≈”µâπÕàÕπ∑Õ¥‡≈◊ÈÕ¬¢π“π‰ª°—∫
æ◊Èπ¥‘π ª≈“¬¬Õ¥™Ÿµ—Èߢ÷Èπ ¢âÕµÕπ
≈à“ß®–¡’√“°·µ°ÕÕ°¬÷¥æ◊Èπ¥‘π „∫
‡¥’ˬ«√Ÿª¬“«·§∫ §¡ ª≈“¬„∫·À≈¡
¥Õ°‡ªìπ™àÕ√«¡ ™àÕ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬·µà≈–™àÕ
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¥Õ°¬àÕ¬‡æ’¬ß¥Õ°‡¥’¬«
¥Õ°¬àÕ¬¡’°≈’∫‡æ’¬ß§Ÿà‡¥’¬« ¡’¢π∑’Ë
º‘«¥â“ππÕ° º≈·Àâß¡’‡¡≈Á¥‡¥’¬«.
»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

Ò Ú ˆ

¯ ˘
Û

˜
Ù

Ò. °√–¥—ßß“
Ú. ‡§√◊ÕË ß¬“°ƒ…≥“
Û. °√–∑‘ßÀ√◊Õ°“°–∑‘ß
Ù. °“√∫Ÿ√
ı. °”¬“π
ˆ. ·°â«
˜. ¢¡‘ÈπÕâÕ¬
¯. ¢àÕ¬
˘. ·§ΩÕ¬À√◊Õ·§ªÉ“
ı Ò Ò. ß“

 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–

˜ÚÒ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

Ò˜
ÒÒ

Òı Ò¯
ÒÚ

ÒÛ
ÚÚ ÚÛ

Ò˘

ÒÙ ÚÙ Òˆ

Ú ÚÒ
ÒÒ. ®—π∑π墓« Òˆ. ®—π·¥ßÀ√◊Õ®—π∑π库∑’¡Ë ‡’ ™◊ÕÈ √“≈ß ÚÒ. ®”ªï
ÒÚ. ®—π∑πå·¥ß Ò˜. ≈Ÿ°®—π∑π宓°µâπ®—π∑πå‡∑» ÚÚ. ®‘°π“
ÒÛ. ®—πÕ‘π Ò¯. ¥Õ°®—π∑π宓°µâπ®—π∑πå‡∑» ÚÛ. ™àÕ¥Õ°µ–‡§’¬π
ÒÙ. ®—π‚Õ Ò˘. ®—π∑π“ ÚÙ. πÈ”‡µâ“
Òı. ®—π∑πå™–¡¥ Ú. ®”ª“ Úı. ∫—«À≈«ß Úı

»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)
˜ÚÚ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

Úˆ Ú˘ ÛÚ

Ûı
Ú˜ Ûˆ

Û

ÛÛ
Û˘ ÛÙ

Ú¯ ÛÒ

Úˆ. ‡° √∫—«À≈«ß
Ú˜. ∫ÿππ“§
Ú¯. æ◊™∑’Ë„À⇡≈Á¥æ√√≥º—°°“¥¢“«
ÙÒ Û˜
Ú˘. ‡¡≈Á¥æ√√≥º—°°“¥¥”
Û. æ√‘°‰∑¬
ÛÒ. æ≈—∫À√◊Õ¡–æ≈—∫
ÛÚ. æ≈Ÿ
ÛÛ. æ‘°≈ÿ Û¯
ÛÙ. ¡–¢«‘¥
Ûı. ¡–¢“¡
Ûˆ. ¡–¢“¡ªÑÕ¡
Û˜. ¡–π“« Ù. ‡¡’¬Ë ßÀ√◊Õ™“
Û¯. ¡–æ√â“« ÙÒ. ¬“ßπ“
Û˘. ¡–≈‘ ÙÚ. √«° Ù ÙÚ

 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–

˜ÚÛ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

Ù˜

ÙÛ

Ùˆ

ÙÙ Ùı

Ù˘
ÙÛ. √—°
ÙÙ.  π Õß„∫
Ùı.  π “¡„∫
Ùˆ.  ¡Õ‰∑¬
Ù˜.  “√¿’
Ù¯.  ’‡ ’¬¥  ’‡ ’¬¥‡Àπ◊Õ À√◊Õ ’‡ ’¬¥·°àπ
Ù˘. À≠Ⓣ∑√
Ù¯ ı ı. ÕâÕ¬·¥ß

»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)
˜ÚÙ

 √√æ§ÿ≥ ∑—ßÈ µâπ¡’√ ®◊¥¢◊πË
µâ¡πÈ”¥◊Ë¡‡ªìπ¬“¢—∫ªí  “«– ¢—∫øÕ°
‚≈À‘µ√–¥Ÿ ·°â√–¥Ÿ‡ªìπ≈‘Ë¡‡ªìπ°âÕπ·¢Áß
¥”‡πà“‡À¡Áπ ¢—∫øÕ°æ‘…„πµ—∫.
Û. À≠⓪“°§«“¬ Dactyloc-
tenium aegyptium (L.) P.Beauv.
≈”µâπÕ“®∑Õ¥‡≈◊ÈÕ¬‰ª°—∫¥‘πÀ√◊Õµ—Èß
µ√ß ·∫π ‡À𒬫 „∫‡¥’ˬ«√Ÿª¬“«·§∫
¡’·∂∫ ’‡À≈◊Õß„ ®“°‚§π„∫ ¡’¢π “°
∑’Ë„°≈âª≈“¬„∫ ¥Õ°‡ªìπ™àÕ√«¡ ¡’™àÕ
¥Õ°À≈“¬™àÕ ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬¡’°≈’∫‡æ’¬ß§Ÿà
‡¥’¬« º≈·Àâß¡’‡¡≈Á¥‡¥’¬«.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ¡’√ ¢¡‡¬Áπ µâ¡
πÈ”¥◊Ë¡‡ªì𬓥—∫æ‘…°“à ·°âæ‘…‰¢â
·°â‰¢âÀ—«∑ÿ°™π‘¥ ·°âæ‘…Ωï æÕ°·°â
ª«¥∫«¡ Õ—°‡ ∫ ¥—∫æ‘…√âÕπ.
À≠ⓧ“ À≈—°∑’Ë ÚÙ, Úı, Úˆ,
Ú˜, Ú¯, ÚÒ, ÚÒÒ
¥Ÿ §“.
À¡“° À≈—°∑’Ë Ò, Ú, Û, Ù, ı, ¯,
ÒÙ, ˜Ò, ˜ˆ, ¯¯, ˘ı, ˘˘, ÒÛ,
Ò˜, ÒÒ˘, ÒÚÒ, ÒÚÚ, ÛÒ, Ûˆ,
ÛÒ¯
Ò. §«“¡À¡“¬∑—Ë « ‰ª ‚∫√“≥
À¡“¬∂÷߉¡âµπâ ∑’¡Ë º’ ≈.
Ú. Areca catechu L. «ß»å
Palmae
‰¡â µâ π ®”æ«°ª“≈å ¡ ≈”µâ π
‰¡à¡’°‘Ëß°â“π „∫ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫¢ππ°
‡√’¬ßµ—«Àπ“·πàπ∑’˪≈“¬¬Õ¥ „∫¬àÕ¬
√Ÿª„∫ÀÕ°·°¡√Ÿª¥“∫ ¥Õ°‡ªìπ™àÕ
¢π“¥„À≠à ¡’„∫ª√–¥—∫Àÿâ¡ ¥Õ°·¬°
‡æ»Õ¬Ÿà ∫ πµâ 𠇥’ ¬ «°— π °≈’ ∫ ¥Õ° ’
¢“«·°¡‡À≈◊Õß º≈ÕÕ°‡ªìπ∑–≈“¬
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ·≈–§≥–
º≈√Ÿª‰¢àÀ√◊Õ√Ÿª°√– «¬  ’‡¢’¬«‡¢â¡
º≈·°à¡’ ’·¥ß·°¡ â¡ ¡’‡¡≈Á¥‡¥’¬«.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ „∫¢—∫æ‘…¿“¬„π
·≈–¿“¬πÕ° ∂Õπæ‘…ª√Õ∑µ“¡‰√øíπ
·°âª“°‡ªóòÕ¬ µâ¡Õ“∫·°â‡¡Á¥º¥º◊Ëπ§—π
¥Õ°µ— « ºŸâ∫”√ÿß°√–‡æ“– ·°â√âÕπ„π
°√–À“¬πÈ” º≈ÕàÕπ‡®√‘≠Õ“À“√ ¢—∫
‡ ¡À– ·°âÕ“‡®’¬π ·°â‰Õ  ¡“π·º≈
‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈·°à¢—∫≈¡ ¢—∫ªí  “«– ·°â
∑âÕßÕ◊¥·πàπ ∫‘¥ ∑âÕ߇ ’¬ ‡¡≈Á¥ ¡“π
·º≈ ·°â∫‘¥ ·°âª«¥ ¶à“欓∏‘ Ωπ∑“
·º≈‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬ √—°…“‚√§„𪓰·≈–
√Õ¬·º≈‡ªìπ À¡“° ß (À¡“° ÿ°) ·°â
‡ ¡À– ªî¥∏“µÿ  ¡“π·º≈ √“°·°âæ…‘
‰¢â√âÕπ  ¡“π≈”‰ â ∂Õπæ‘…∫“¥·º≈
À¡“°·¢«π (√“°∑’ËßÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ¥‘π) ·°â
æ‘…√âÕπ  ¡“π≈”‰ â.
À¡“° â¡ À≈—°∑’Ë Ò
º≈‰¡â∑’Ë¡’√ ‡ª√’Ȭ«.
À¡“°À«“π À≈—°∑’Ë Ò
º≈‰¡â∑’Ë¡’√ À«“π.
À«“¬ À≈—°∑’Ë ¯, Ú˘Û
æ◊™À≈“¬™π‘¥À≈“¬ °ÿ≈„π«ß»å
Palmae ¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ°Õ ≈”µââ𬓫∑Õ¥
‡≈◊ÈÕ¬ º‘«‡°≈’È¬ß ≈”‡∂“‡À𒬫 °“∫
·≈–°â“π„∫¡’Àπ“¡ „∫√«¡√Ÿª¢ππ°
„∫¬àÕ¬‡√’¬«¬“« ‡™ààπ À«“¬µ–§â“∑Õß
(Calamus caesius Bl.) À«“¬¢¡ (C.
viminalis Willd.).
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ°‘π‡ªìπº—°
À—«„™â∑”¬“.
ÕâÕ¬ À≈—°∑’Ë Ú, ˘˜, ˘˘, ÒÒˆ,
˜Úı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
ÒÛÒ, ÚÚÚ
æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Saccharum «ß»å
Gramineae Ú ™π‘¥ §◊Õ ÕâÕ¬ Sac-
charum officinarum L. „™âº≈‘µ
πÈ”µ“≈∑√“¬ ·≈–πÈ”ÕâÕ¬∑’Ë„™â„πß“π
»‘≈ª°√√¡‰∑¬ Õ’°™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß §◊Õ ÕâÕ¬
·¥ß ÕâÕ¬µ“·¥ß Saccharum chinen-
sis Roxb. „™â„π‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬.
ÕâÕ¬·¥ß ÕâÕ¬µ“·¥ß ‡ªìπæ◊™
æ«°À≠â“ ·µ°°Õ ≈”µâπµ—Èßµ√ß¡’¢âÕ
ª≈âÕß ’·¥ß§≈È” ‡π◊ÕÈ „π ’¢“« ¡’√ À«“π
„∫‡¥’ˬ«ÕÕ°µ“¡¢âÕ‡√’¬ß ≈—∫°—π „∫
√Ÿª¬“«‡√’¬« ¢Õ∫„∫®—°≈–‡Õ’¬¥·≈–§¡
¡’°“∫„∫‚Õ∫Àÿâ¡¢âÕÕ¬Ÿà ¥Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ
™àÕ∑’˪≈“¬¬Õ¥ ¡’¥Õ°¬àÕ¬¢π“¥‡≈Á°
®”π«π¡“°  ’¢“«.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ πÈ”ÕâÕ¬ ¥¡’√ À«“π
‡¬Áπ ¢—∫ªí  “«– ‡®√‘≠Õ“¬ÿ ∑”„Àâ¡’
°”≈—ß ·°â°”‡¥“·≈–≈¡°√–®“¬‡ ¡À–
º“¬∏“µÿ ·°âÀ◊¥‰Õ ·°â‰¢â µ“ÕâÕ¬¡’√ 
¢¡°«à“‡ª≈◊Õ° ·°âæ…‘ µ“π´“ߢÕ߇¥Á°
·°âµ«— √âÕ𠇪≈◊Õ°µâπ¡’√ À«“㛭 ·°â
µ“π¢‚¡¬ ·º≈‡πà“‡ªóÕò ¬ ™“πÕâÕ¬¡’√ 
®◊¥À«“π ·°â·º≈‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß ΩïÕ—°‡ ∫∫«¡.
Õ—≠™—π ’¡à«ß À≈—°∑’Ë Úı˜
Clitoria ternatea L. ǧȌ Legu-
minosae
‰¡â‡∂“ „∫¥°‡ªìπæÿà¡∑÷∫ ¥Õ°
 ’πÈ”‡ß‘πÀ√◊Õ ’§√“¡·°à ¡à«ßÕàÕπ À√◊Õ
 ’¢“« ¡’∑—Èß™π‘¥°≈’∫≈“·≈–°≈’∫´âÕπ.
 √√æ§ÿ≥ ¥Õ°„™â·µàß ’Õ“À“√
¬âÕ¡ºâ“ ‡¡≈Á¥‡ªìπ¬“√–∫“¬ ·µà‰¡à𬑠¡
„™â‡æ√“–∑”„Àâ¡Õ’ “°“√§≈◊πË ‰ âÕ“‡®’¬π
√“°¡’√ ¢¡ ¢—∫ªí  “«– ‡ªìπ¬“√–∫“¬
„™â∂Ÿøíπ·°âª«¥øíπ.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß ı. µ”√“°“√·æ∑¬å‰∑¬‡¥‘¡ (·æ∑¬å»“ µ√å ß- æ—∫≈‘™™‘Ëß ®”°—¥ (¡À“™π); ÚıÙÛ.

Ò. °√¡°“√·æ∑¬å  ∂“∫—π°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬.
‡¿ —™°√√¡·ºπ‰∑¬. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ‚√ßæ‘¡æå
Õߧ尓√ ß‡§√“–Àå∑À“√ºà“π»÷°; ÚıÙÚ.
Ú. °√¡ªÉ“‰¡â. æ√√≥‰¡â„π «πªÉ“ ‘√‘°‘µ‘Ï¿“§
°≈“ß (®—ßÀ«—¥√“™∫ÿ√’). °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ™ÿµ‘¡“
°“√æ‘¡æå; ÚıÛı.
Û. °√¡ªÉ“‰¡â  ”π—°«‘™“°“√ªÉ“‰¡â. æ√√≥‰¡â
µâπ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ∫√‘…—∑
‰¥¡Õπ¥å æ√‘πµ‘Èß ®”°—¥; ÚıÙÚ.
Ù. ™¬—πµå 摇™’¬√ ÿπ∑√, ·¡âπ¡“  ™«≈‘µ ·≈–
«‘‡™’¬√ ®’√«ß å. §”Õ∏‘∫“¬µ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂
æ√–π“√“¬≥å ©∫—∫‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘ ˜Ú
æ√√…“¡À“√“™“ ı ∏—𫓧¡ æÿ∑∏»—°√“™
ÚıÙÚ. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ∫√‘…∑— Õ¡√‘π∑√åæ√‘πÈ -
µ‘È ß ·Õπ¥å æ— ∫ ≈‘ ™ ™‘Ë ß ®”°— ¥ (¡À“™π);
ÚıÙÙ.
‡§√“–Àå) ©∫—∫Õπÿ√—°…å. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘
øóóôπøŸ à߇ √‘¡°“√·æ∑¬å‰∑¬‡¥‘¡; ÚıÛı.
ˆ. ‡µÁ ¡  ¡‘ µ‘ π— π ∑πå . ™◊Ë Õ æ√√≥‰¡â · Àà ß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. ©∫— ∫ ·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ .
°√ÿ߇∑æœ: °√¡ªÉ“‰¡â; ÚıÙÙ.
˜. ∏ß™—¬ ‡ª“Õ‘π∑√å, π‘«—µ√ ‡ª“Õ‘π∑√å. µâπ
‰¡â¬“πà“√Ÿ.â °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ∫√‘…∑— ÕÕø‡´Á∑‡æ√   ”π—°ß“πæ—≤π“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π-
®”°—¥; ÚıÙÙ.
¯. ·æ∑¬å»“ µ√å ß‡§√“–Àå: ¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“∑“ß
°“√·æ∑¬å·≈–¡√¥°∑“ß«√√≥°√√¡¢Õß
™“µ‘. °√ÿ߇∑æœ:  ∂“∫—π¿“…“‰∑¬ °√¡
«‘™“°“√; ÚıÙÚ.
˘. ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ §≥–‡¿ —™»“ µ√å.
 “√“πÿ°√¡ ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ‡≈à¡ Ò, Ú, Û, Ù.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ: ∫√‘…—∑Õ¡√‘π∑√åæ√‘Èπµ‘Èß·Õπ¥å
Ò. .  «ππ“π“惰… ¡ÿπ‰æ√ „π
 «π ¡‡¥Á®æ√–»√’π§√‘π∑√“∫√¡√“™™ππ’
»Ÿπ¬å»°÷ …“°“√æ—≤π“À⫬∑√“¬Õ—π‡π◊ÕË ß¡“
®“°æ√–√“™¥”√‘. æ‘¡æå§√—ßÈ ∑’Ë Ú. °√ÿ߇∑æœ:
¡ª∑.; ÚıÙÚ.
ÒÒ. ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ §≥–‡¿ —™»“ µ√å ·≈–
‚≈¬’ · Àà ß ™“µ‘ »Ÿ π ¬å æ— π ∏ÿ «‘ » «°√√¡·≈–
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™’«¿“æ·Ààß™“µ‘.  ¡ÿπ‰æ√‰¡â
æ◊Èπ∫â“π. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ∫√‘…—∑ª√–™“™π
®”°—¥; ÚıÙÒ.
ÒÚ. √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π. Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“πæ◊™ ©∫—∫
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π Õ—°…√ °. °√ÿ߇∑æœ:
∫√‘…—∑‡æ◊ËÕπæ‘¡æå ®”°—¥; ÚıÛ¯.

Abstract Thai Medical and Pharmaceutical Terms in Inscriptions (3)

Somchai Bovornkitti, Wichean Jirawongse, Prasert Na Nagara, Chayant Picheansunthorn, Songsarn
Nilkumhaeng
The Royal Institute, Thailand
Thai medical and pharmaceutical terms in inscriptions found in Thailand may be classified
into three groups: (1) medical establishments and personnel including Buddha Bhaisajyaguru–
Master of Remedies; (2) diseases or symptoms; and (3) materia medica and food. A previous commu-
nication provided an explanation of the terms in the first two groups; this report gives an explana-
tion of the third group.
Key words : Thai medical and pharmaceutical terms, inscriptions, medical establishments and per-
sonnel, Buddha Bhaisajyaguru, diseases or symptoms, materia medica, food

(¬—ß¡’µÕà )

»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡‰∑¬„π®“√÷° (Û)
˜Úˆ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß ¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å

√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
·∫∫„™âµ«— ‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ„π°“√≈¥·√ߥ—π* √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

§«“¡∂’µË ”Ë , ·≈â«®÷ßπ”À¡âÕ·ª≈߉øøÑ“
ºââŸπ‘æπ∏剥⇠πÕ·π«∑“ß„π°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈– √â“ß«ß®√®à“¬
°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß¢π“¥·√ߥ—πµË”Ê ‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß„™âÀ¡âÕ·ª≈ß
§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß´÷Ëß¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°·≈–¡’πÈ”Àπ—°
°”≈—߉øøÑ“„π°“√≈¥¢π“¥·√ߥ—π ·µà„™â«ß®√∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬™ÿ¥¢Õß ‡∫“ ¡“≈¥·√ߥ— π °√–·  ≈— ∫ ≈ß àŸ
µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·≈–‰¥‚Õ¥®”π«πÀπ÷Ëß¡“∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë·∑π. ºâŸπ‘æπ∏剥⬰ §à“µË”Ê °àÕπ∑’Ë·ª≈ߺ—π‡ªìπ·√ߥ—π
µ—«Õ¬à“ß°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈– √â“ß«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß¢π“¥·√ߥ—π Òı ‚«≈µå °√–· µ√ß‚¥¬Õ“»—¬«ß®√‡√’¬ß°√–· 
·≈–°√–·  Ò ·Õ¡·ª√å ∑’Ë„™â·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π‡¢â“¢π“¥ ÚÚ ·≈–«ß®√°√ÕßµàÕ‰ª. °“√ √â“ß·À≈àß
‚«≈µå ¡“‡ πե⫬.
·√ߥ—𧫓¡∂’Ë Ÿß¥—ß°≈à“« ∑”‰¥â‚¥¬
§” ”§—≠ : °”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß, °“√≈¥·√ߥ—π „™â   «‘ µ ™å   “√°÷Ë ß µ— « π”¢π“¥°”≈— ß  Ÿ ß
¡“µ—¥µàÕ«ß®√‰øøÑ“¥â«¬§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß.
∫∑π” ·À≈à ß ®à “ ¬°”≈— ß ·∫∫π’È ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ ‡√’ ¬ °«à “
¢÷πÈ ®“°µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ (capacitor filter) ç·À≈à ß ®à “ ¬°”≈— ß ·∫∫«‘ ∏’   «‘ µ ™å é
„π°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈– √â“ß«ß®√ ¥—ß· ¥ß¥â«¬·ºπ¿“æ«ß®√(√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò). (switched-mode power supply)
®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß¢π“¥·√ß ·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—ß·∫∫π’È¡’™◊ËÕ«à“ ç·À≈àß À√◊ Õ ç·À≈à ß ®à “ ¬°”≈— ß ·∫∫„™â ° “√
¥—πµË”Ê ∑’ËÕ“»—¬·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫§à“ ®à“¬°”≈—ß·∫∫‡™‘߇ âπ (linear power  «‘µ™åé (switching power supply).
 ŸßÊ ∑’褈Ҥ«“¡∂’ˉøøÑ“°”≈—ß¢π“¥ supply)é. ·ºπ¿“æ¢Õß·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—ß·∫∫π’È
ı-ˆ ‡Œ‘√µ´å ®“°·À≈àß°”≈—ßµâπ∑“ß «‘ ∏’ ° “√·∫∫¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ π’È ¡’ ¢â Õ ¥’ ∑’Ë · ¥ß‰«â„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú.
π—Èπ «‘∏’°“√·∫∫¥—È߇¥‘¡∑’˵√߉ªµ√ß¡“ ‡ªìπ«ß®√·∫∫ßà“¬Ê ‰¡à´—∫´âÕπ, ·µà¡’ °“√ÕÕ°·∫∫·À≈à ß ®à “ ¬°”≈— ß
∑’Ë ÿ¥·≈–„™â°—πÕ¬àŸ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª«‘∏’Àπ÷Ëß°Á ¢â Õ ‡ ’ ¬ ∑’Ë À ¡â Õ ·ª≈ß°”≈— ß ‰øøÑ “ ∑’Ë ·∫∫‡™‘߇ âπ·≈–·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—ß·∫∫
§◊ Õ °“√≈¥·√ߥ— π °√–·  ≈— ∫ ≈ß¡“ „™â„π«ß®√¡’πÈ”Àπ—°¡“° ∑”„À⇧≈◊ËÕπ «‘∏’ «‘µ™åπ—Èπ‡ªìπ∑’Ë∑√“∫°—π¥’Õ¬àŸ·≈â«
‡ ’¬°àÕπ‚¥¬„™âÀ¡âÕ·ª≈߉øøÑ“. ®“° ¬â“¬‰¡à –¥«°. «‘∏’·°â¢âÕ‡ ’¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫ „π«ß°“√Õ’‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å°”≈—ß (ºâŸÕà“π
π—Èπ®÷ß·ª≈ߺ—π·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫‡ªìπ πÈ”Àπ—°¢Õß·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—ß«‘∏’Àπ÷Ëß °Á ®–»÷°…“‰¥â®“°‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß Ò-Û).
·√ߥ—π°√–· µ√ß ‚¥¬„™â«ß®√‡√’¬ß §◊ Õ °“√ √â “ ß·À≈à ß ®à “ ¬·√ߥ— π „À¡à ∫∑§«“¡π’È ¡’ ®ÿ ¥ ª√– ß§å ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ‡ πÕ
°√–· ∑’Ë √â“ߢ÷Èπ®“°‰¥‚Õ¥ (diode ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß¢π“¥ Ú °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√µ´å «ß®√·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—ß·∫∫‡™‘߇ âπ·π«
rectifier) √à«¡°—∫«ß®√°√Õß∑’Ë √â“ß À√◊Õ Ÿß°«à“π’È ¢÷Èπ¡“®“°·À≈àß®à“¬ „À¡à ´÷Ë߉¡à„™âÀ¡âÕ·ª≈߉øøÑ“„π°“√
≈¥·√ߥ—π‰øøÑ“ ·µà®–„™â«ß®√¢Õßµ—«
*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ı °—𬓬π æ.». ÚıÙÙ. ‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ°—∫‰¥‚Õ¥®”π«πÀπ÷Ëß¡“∑”

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
˜Ú˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

À¡âÕ·ª≈ß≈¥·√ߥ—π «ß®√‡√’¬ß°√–·  «ß®√°√Õß ‚À≈¥ ‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß«‘∏µ’ Õà µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ∑ß—È À¡¥

+
®“°·∫∫Õπÿ ° √¡¡“‡ªì π ·∫∫¢π“π
T
220 15 - + RL ‚¥¬ºà “ π∑“ß«ß®√‰¥‚Õ¥Õ’ ° ®”π«π
Vs V V Àπ÷Ëß °Á®–‰¥â·√ߥ—π∑’Ëæ√âÕ¡®–®à“¬
220 V . Ac ÕÕ°®“°µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ‡ªìπ·√ߥ—π§à“µË”
„π¢≥–∑’˵—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ “¡“√∂
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ®à“¬°√–· „Àâ·°à‚À≈¥‰¥â ßŸ °«à“°√–· 
·ºπ¿“æ«ß®√¢Õß·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß·∫∫‡™‘߇ âπ¢π“¥·√ߥ—πµË” Õ—¥ª√–®ÿ„πµÕπ·√°À≈“¬‡∑à“, ´÷Ëß°Á
√—∫°—∫À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π¢ÕßÀ¡âÕ·ª≈ß
≈¥·√ߥ—π‰øøÑ“π—πË ‡Õß. «‘∏°’ “√∑”ß“π
50-60 Hz ac dc ≥ 20 kHz dc
¢Õß«ß®√·À≈àß®à“¬·π«„À¡àπ È’ “¡“√∂
‡¢â“„®‰¥â‰¡à¬“°π—°‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“®“°
«ß®√‡√’¬ß°√–·   «‘µ´å·≈–À¡âÕ·ª≈ß «ß®√‡√’¬ß°√–· 
·≈–«ß®√°√Õß §«“¡∂’ Ë ߟ ·≈–«ß®√°√Õß µ— « Õ¬à “ ß«ß®√¢Õßµ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ · ≈–
‰¥‚Õ¥„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Û ´÷Ëß®–„Àâ·√ߥ—π¥â“π
ÕÕ°∑’Ë¡’§à“‡æ’¬ß Ò/Û ¢Õß·√ߥ—π¥â“π
E1 VO ‡¢â“.
„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Û ·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫
«ß®√§«∫§ÿ¡ ¥â“π‡¢â“°”≈—ßÕ¬àŸ„π™à«ß§√÷Ëß√Õ∫°“√
·ª√º—π∑’Ë»—°¬å‰øøÑ“ ≥ ®ÿ¥ a  Ÿß°«à“
pwm Comp. -+ »—°¬å‰øøÑ“∑’®Ë ¥ÿ b. ¥—ßπ—πÈ ‰¥‚Õ¥ D1, D2
·≈– D3 ´÷ËßµàÕÕπÿ°√¡Õ¬àŸ°—∫µ—«‡°Á∫
Oscill. Ref. ª√–®ÿ C1, C2 ·≈– C3 ®–‰¥â√—∫‰∫·Õ 
‰ª¢ââ “ ßÀπâ “ (forward bias) ·≈–¡’
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú °√–· ‰À≈ºà“π‰¥‚Õ¥∑—Èß Û µ—«‰ªÕ—¥
·ºπ¿“æ«ß®√·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—ß·∫∫«‘∏’ «‘µ™å ª√–®ÿ„Àⷰൗ«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ∑—Èß Û µ—« ®π
·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—«¡’
Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ≈ ¥·√ߥ— π ·∑πÀ¡â Õ ·ª≈ß. ‚Õ¥®”π«πÀπ÷Ë ß ‡¢â “ ¥â « ¬°— π Õ¬à “ ß §à“‡∑à“°—∫ Ò/Û ¢Õß§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ (ª√–¡“≥
¢âÕ¥’¢Õß«ß®√·π«„À¡àπ’È°Á§◊Õ°“√∑’ËπÈ” Õπÿ°√¡ ·≈â«π”‰ªµàÕ°—∫·À≈àß®à“¬ ÛÒ ‚«≈µå) ¢Õß·√ߥ—π¥â“π‡¢â“, π—Ëπ
Àπ— ° ‚¥¬√«¡¢Õß·À≈à ß ®à “ ¬≈¥≈ß. °√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π‡¢â“‚¥¬µ√ß ∑”„Àâµ—« §◊Õ·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—«
 à«π¢âÕ‡ ’¬°Á§◊Õ«ß®√¡’§«“¡´—∫´âÕπ ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ ∂Ÿ ° Õ— ¥ ª√–®ÿ ¥â « ¬°√–·  ®–¡’§à“ª√–¡“≥ ÒÛ ‚«≈µå. „π
¡“°¢÷Èπ ·≈–¢“¥°“√·¬°‚¥¥‡¥’ˬ« ∑‘ » ∑“߇¥’ ¬ «®π∂÷ ß §à “  Ÿ ß  ÿ ¥ ¢Õß·√ß √–À«à“ßπ’È ‰¥‚Õ¥Õ’° Ù µ—« §◊Õ D4-D7
(isolation) √–À«à“ߥâ“π‡¢â“°—∫¥â“π ¥—π¥â“π‡¢â“ ‚¥¬∑’Ë·√ߥ—ππ’È®–‡©≈’ˬ ®–‰¥â √— ∫ ‰∫·Õ °≈— ∫ ∑“ß (reverse
ÕÕ°¢Õß«ß®√, ´÷Ë ß À¡â Õ ·ª≈ß·∫∫ °—π‰ªÕ¬àŸ„πµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—«. π—Ëπ bias) ∑”„Àâæ«°¡—π‰¡àπ”°√–·  ·≈–
·¬°™ÿ¥¢¥≈«¥ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â. §◊Õ·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—« ‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ«ß®√‡ªî¥. Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
À≈— ° °“√∑”ß“π¢Õß«ß®√·π« ®–‡∑à“°—∫‡»… à«π§à“Àπ÷ËߢÕß·√ߥ—π ·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ° V0 ∑’«Ë ¥— ‰¥â√–À«à“ß®ÿ¥
„À¡à °Á§◊Õ°“√µàÕµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·≈–‰¥- ¥â “ π‡¢â “ ‚¥¬√«¡. µà Õ ®“°π’È ‡¡◊Ë Õ c °—∫ d „π™à«ßπ’È®–¡’§à“‚¥¬ª√–¡“≥

·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ„π°“√≈¥·√ߥ—π
˜Ú¯

D1
a D6
+ «‘ ∏’ §”π«≥§à “ ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ
+ C1 D2
+ +
Vs
- C2
220 V . AC
D4
b
√Ÿª∑’Ë Û
µ—«Õ¬à“ß«ß®√¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·≈–‰¥‚Õ¥∑’Ë„™â≈¥·√ߥ—π„Àâ‡À≈◊Õ‡æ’¬ß Ò/Û ¢Õß·√ߥ—π¥â“π‡¢â“
‡∑à “ °— ∫ §à “  Ÿ ß  ÿ ¥ ¢Õß·√ߥ— π ¥â “ π‡¢â “
§◊Õª√–¡“≥ ÛÒ ‚«≈µå ®÷߬—߉¡à®à“¬
·√ߥ—π„Àⷰൗ«µâ“π∑“π‚À≈¥ RL
( «‘µ™å S ¬—ߧ߇ªî¥Õ¬àŸ). µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ËÕ
‡«≈“ºà “ π‰ª®π∂÷ ß µÕπ‡√‘Ë ¡ ™à « ߧ√÷Ë ß
√Õ∫°“√·ª√º—π ∑’Ë·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫
¥â“π‡¢â“∑”„Àâ»—°¬å‰øøÑ“∑’Ë®ÿ¥ a µË”
°«à“»—°¬å‰øøÑ“∑’Ë®ÿ¥ b (‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬ ±
∑’Ë · À≈à ß ®à “ ¬°√–·  ≈— ∫ „π√Ÿ ª ∑’Ë Û
°≈—∫‡ªìπµ√ߢⓡ) ‰¥‚Õ¥ D1- D3 ®–
‰¥â √— ∫ ‰∫·Õ °≈— ∫ ∑“ß ∑”„Àâ ‰ ¡à π”
°√–·  ·≈–‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ«ß®√‡ªî¥. „π
¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—𠉥‚Õ¥ D4-D7 ®–‰¥â√—∫
‰∫·Õ ‰ªÀπâ“. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ∂⓪߮√∑’Ë
 «‘µ™å S ‰¥‚Õ¥ Ù µ—«À≈—ßπ’È®–π”
°√–·  ∑”„Àâµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ C1- C3 µàÕ
°—πÕ¬à“ߢπ“π·≈– àß°√–· ‰ªºà“π RL
¥â«¬°—π. „πµÕππ’È·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ°®–
‡ªìπ VO ∑’Ë¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡µ—«
‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—« §◊Õª√–¡“≥ ÒÛ
‚«≈µå „π√Õ∫°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß√Õ∫
„À¡à ‡ Àµÿ ° “√≥å ® –´È” °— ∫ ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π „π
√Õ∫∑’˺à“π¡“. ¢âÕ§«√ —߇°µ°Á§◊Õ«à“
°“√‡ªî¥«ß®√∑’Ë «‘µ™å S „π™à«ß§√÷Ëß
√Õ∫∑’Ë·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π‡¢â“∑”
Àπâ“∑’ËÕ—¥ª√–®ÿµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ ·≈–®–
¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
c S
D7
D3
+  Ÿß ÿ¥∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π
RL
C3 Co
D5
d ¥â“π‡¢â“ (Vin,max) ‡∑à“°—∫ 1/n (‚¥¬
ªî¥«ß®√∑’Ë S „π™à«ß§√÷Ëß√Õ∫∑’Ë·√ߥ—π
¥â“π‡¢â“‰¡à‰¥âÕ—¥ª√–®ÿµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ.
 ”À√—∫µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ∑’˵àÕ¢π“π Õ¬àŸ°—∫
µ—«µâ“π∑“π‚À≈¥ RL π—πÈ ¡’®¥ÿ ª√– ß§å
‡æ◊Ëՙ૬§ß§à“·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡ RL „π
√–À«à“ß∑’Ë «‘µ™å S ‡ªî¥«ß®√.
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’
¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π¥â«¬µ—«‡°Á∫
ª√–®ÿ·≈–‰¥‚Õ¥
À≈—°°“√¢Õß«ß®√µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ
·≈–‰¥‚Õ¥¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ  “¡“√∂
„™â   √â “ ß·√ߥ— π ¥â “ πÕÕ°∑’Ë ¡’ §à “ ‡æ’ ¬ ß
1/n ‡∑à“¢Õß·√ߥ—π¥â“π‡¢â“‰¥â (n ‡ªìπ
‡≈¢®”π«π‡µÁ¡„¥Ê µ—Èß·µà Ú ¢÷Èπ‰ª).
∑—È ß π’È ‚ ¥¬‡≈◊ Õ °„™â µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ · ≈–
‰¥‚Õ¥„Àâ¡’®”π«π∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ §◊Õ„™â
µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ n µ—«°—∫‰¥‚Õ¥ n µ—«
 ”À√—∫™à«ßÕ—¥ª√–®ÿ ·≈–„™âµ—«‡°Á∫
ª√–®ÿ n µ—«‡¥‘¡°—∫‰¥‚Õ¥™ÿ¥„À¡àÕ’°
2n-2 µ— «  ”À√— ∫ ™à « ߧ“¬ª√–®ÿ .
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¥‚Õ¥·µà≈–
µ—«®–¡’·√ߥ—πµ°§√àÕ¡ (VD) ª√–¡“≥
.˜ ‚«≈µå„π¢≥–∑’Ë¡’‰∫·Õ ‰ªÀπâ“
·≈–¡’°√–· ‰À≈ºà“π ¥—ßπ—Èπ§à“¢Õß n
®÷߉¡à§«√ Ÿß‡°‘π‰ª (‡™àπ ‰¡à§«√ Ÿß‡°‘π
˜Ú˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
Ú) ‡æ√“–®–∑”„Àâª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß
«ß®√‚¥¬√«¡µË”‡°‘π‰ª.
‰øøÑ“„π∑’Ëπ’È  ”À√—∫°√≥’∑’ËÕ—µ√“ à«π
¢Õß·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ° (V0) µàÕ·√ߥ—π
ª√–¡“≥) ∑”‰¥â¥—ßπ’È
Ò) ¢≥–∑’Ë·À≈àß®à“¬·√ߥ—π¥â“π
‡¢â “ Õ— ¥ ª√–®ÿ „ Àâ · °à µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ ºà “ π
‰¥‚Õ¥
µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ n µ— « µà Õ ·∫∫
Õπÿ°√¡Õ¬àŸ°—∫‰¥‚Õ¥ n µ—« ¥—ßπ—Èπ
Vin,max = n (VC + VD) (Ò)
‚¥¬∑’Ë VC ‡ªìπ·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡µ—«
‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—«.
‡π◊ËÕß®“°°√–· ®“°·À≈àß®à“¬¡’
§à “ ‡∑à “ °— ∫ °√–· ∑’Ë ‰ À≈ºà “ πµ— « ‡°Á ∫
ª√–®ÿ · ≈–‰¥‚Õ¥·µà ≈ –µ— « ¥— ß π—È π
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢≥–Õ—¥ª√–®ÿ = η1 =
nVC/Vin,max ´÷ßË ‡¡◊ÕË „™âº≈®“° ¡°“√ (Ò)
®–„Àâ
η1 = 1 - nVD/Vin,max (Ú)
Ú) ¢ ≥ – ∑’Ë µ— « ‡ °Á ∫ ª √ – ®ÿ ®à “ ¬
°√–· „Àâ·°à‚À≈¥
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—«
®–µàÕ·∫∫Õπÿ°√¡Õ¬àŸ°—∫‰¥‚Õ¥ Ú µ—«
¥—ßπ—Èπ
VC = V0 + 2VD (Û)
‡π◊ÕË ß®“°°√–· ∑’ÕË Õ°®“°µ—«‡°Á∫
ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—« ¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫°√–· ∑’Ë
‰À≈ºà “ π‰¥‚Õ¥·µà ≈ –µ— « ¥— ß π—È π
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢≥–§“¬ª√–®ÿ = η2 =
V0/VC ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕ„™âº≈®“° ¡°“√ (Û)
·≈– (Ò) ®–„Àâ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

η2 = 1 - 2VD/VC = 1 - 2nVD/(Vin,max - nVD) (Ù) ‚ÕÀå¡) Õ¬à“ßÕπÿ°√¡‰«â°—∫«ß®√∑“ß

‡¡◊ÕË √«¡º≈®“° ¡°“√ (Ú) ·≈– (Ù) ‡¢â“¥â«¬°—π ®–‰¥â§“à ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥ ¥â “ π‡¢â “ ·≈–«ß®√∑“ߥ⠓ πÕÕ°µ“¡
∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π„π∑’Ëπ’ȇªìπ ≈”¥—∫ ∑—ßÈ π’‡È æ◊ÕË ≈¥§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥¢Õß°√–· 
∑’‰Ë À≈°√–‚™°‡¢â“ àµŸ «— ‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ.  «‘µ™å
η = η1 η2 = [1 - 3nVD/Vin,max] (ı)
(„π∑“ߪؑ ∫— µ‘ „ ™â ∑ √“π™‘   ‡µÕ√å À √◊ Õ
‡Õ ´’Õ“√å) S1 ®–ªî¥«ß®√‡©æ“–‡¡◊ÕË ·√ß
´÷Ëß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π«à“¡’§à“ ∫«°‡∑à“π—Èπ. ∂â“®–„™âª√–‚¬™πå·√ß ¥—π¥â“π‡¢â“ VS ¡’§“à ‡ªìπ≈∫  à«π «‘µ™å
≈¥≈߇¡◊ËÕ§à“ n ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ. ¥—π¥â“π‡¢â“„Àâ§√∫∑—Èߧ√÷Ëß∫«°·≈–§√÷Ëß S2 π—πÈ ®–ªî¥«ß®√‡©æ“–‡¡◊ÕË ·√ߥ—π¥â“π
„π∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘ «ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π„π ≈∫ ®–µâÕß„™â«ß®√·∫∫‡µÁ¡§≈◊Ëπ¥—ß∑’Ë ‡¢â“ VS ¡’§à“‡ªìπ∫«°‡∑à“π—Èπ, ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ
∑’Ëπ’È®–µàÕ°—∫Õߧåª√–°Õ∫Õ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ · ¥ß‰«â„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù ( ”À√—∫°“√≈¥ ªÑ Õ ß°— π ‰¡à „ Àâ   «‘ µ ™å ∑—È ß  Õßªî ¥ «ß®√
 «‘ µ ™å   “√°÷Ë ß µ— « π”·≈–«ß®√§ÿ ¡ §à “ ·√ߥ—π≈߇À≈◊Õ‡æ’¬ß Ò/Û) ´÷ßË ª√–°Õ∫ æ√âÕ¡°—π ®–°”Àπ¥„Àâ S1 ªî¥«ß®√
·√ߥ—π‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ§√∫‡ªìπ«ß®√·À≈àß®à“¬ ¥â«¬«ß®√·∫∫§√÷Ëߧ≈◊Ëπ®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë Û À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë S2 ‰¥â‡ªî¥«ß®√‰ª°àÕπ·≈â«
°√–· µ√ß∑’Ë∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å. ¥—ßπ—Èπ®–¡’°“√ ®”π«π Ú ™ÿ¥∑’˺≈—¥°—π∑”ß“π™ÿ¥≈– √–¬–Àπ÷Ëß. „π∑“ß°≈—∫°—π S2 ®–ªî¥
 Ÿ≠‡ ’¬°”≈—߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ∑”„Àâª√– ‘∑∏‘- §√÷Ëß√Õ∫π—Ëπ‡Õß. ¢âÕ¥’¢Õß«ß®√·∫∫ «ß®√‰¥â°µÁ Õà ‡¡◊ÕË S1 ‰¥â‡ªî¥«ß®√‰ª°àÕπ
¿“æ‚¥¬√«¡¢Õß«ß®√µË”≈߉ªÕ’°. ‡µÁ¡§≈◊ËπÕ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ∑”„Àâ°√–·  ·≈â«√–¬–Àπ÷Ëß, ´÷Ëß°ÁÀ¡“¬∂÷ß«à“¡’™à«ß
 ≈— ∫ ¥â “ π‡¢â “ ¡’   ¡¡“µ√¥’ ¢÷È π ·≈– ‡«≈“™à«ßÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë S1 ·≈– S2 ‡ªî¥«ß®√
«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π‰øøÑ“·∫∫‡µÁ¡ ‡ªì π °“√°”®— ¥  à « πª√–°Õ∫°√–·  Õ¬àŸ¥â«¬°—π„π·µà≈–§√—Èß∑’˧√∫§√÷ËߢÕß
§≈◊Ëπ µ√ß·≈–Œ“√å¡Õπ‘°∫“ßÕ—π¥—∫ÕÕ°‰ª √Õ∫°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ߢÕß·√ߥ— π
«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π‰øøÑ“„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Û ®“°√Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ°√–· ¥â“π‡¢â“. °√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π‡¢â“.
‡ªìπ«ß®√·∫∫§√÷Ëߧ≈◊Ëπ ‡æ√“–„™â·√ß „π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù π’È ¡’°“√µàÕµ—«µâ“π∑“π
¥— π °√–·  ≈— ∫ ¥â “ π‡¢â “ „π§√÷Ë ß √Õ∫ Ri (√“« Ò ‚ÕÀå¡) ·≈– RO (√“« Ò °“√«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ° “√∑”ß“π¢Õß
«ß®√
‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“Õ¬à“ߧ√à“«Ê °“√
S1
∑”ß“π¢Õß«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß·∫∫„™âµ—«-
+ D6 D7 ‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π„π∑’Ëπ’È°Á§≈⓬°—∫
Ri D1 C1 D2 D3
+ + Ro °“√∑”ß“π¢Õß«ß®√‡√’¬ß°√–· ·∫∫
C2 C3 ‡µÁ ¡ §≈◊Ë π (full-wave rectifier)
+ D4 D5 ·∫∫∑’Ë ¡’ µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ ‡ ªì π µ— « °√Õß
Vs + RL
Co π—Ëπ‡Õß, §◊Õ„π·µà≈–§√÷ËߢÕß√Õ∫°“√
-
220 V . AC D4 D5 ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π
‡¢â“π—Èπ æ«°µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿÀ≈—° (∑’˵àÕ
+ +
°—πÕ¬à“ßÕπÿ°√¡) ®–∂Ÿ°Õ—¥ª√–®ÿ„π
+
S2 ™à«ß —ÈπÊ ‚¥¬·√ߥ—π®“°·À≈àß®à“¬,
·≈â«°Á√à«¡°—π®à“¬°√–·  (‚¥¬∑’˵àÕ
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù °—πÕ¬à“ߢπ“π) „Àâ·°à‚À≈¥ ∑”„Àâ√Ÿª
«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π·∫∫‡µÁ¡§≈◊Ëπ∑’Ë √â“ß®“°«ß®√·∫∫§√÷Ëߧ≈◊Ëπ„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Û §≈◊πË ·√ߥ—π∑’ªË √“°Ø§√àÕ¡‚À≈¥ (·≈–

·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ„π°“√≈¥·√ߥ—π
˜Û
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ∑’ˇªìπµ—«°√Õß) ‡ªìπ·∫∫ ´÷ßË ∂◊Õ«à“ RO << RL ·≈–∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂ VO ‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ®“° V O(min) ‰ª‡ªìπ VO(max)
øíπ‡≈◊ËÕ¬ ¥—ß· ¥ß‰«â„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ı (¥Ÿ√“¬ µ—¥ RL ÕÕ°‰ª®“°«ß®√ ¡¡Ÿ≈‰¥â. „πµÕπ ‘πÈ  ÿ¥™à«ß‡«≈“ (Ò), æ√âÕ¡°—ππ’È
≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π‡Õ° “√Õââ“ßÕ‘ß#Ò). º≈ °Á „πµÕπ‡√‘¡Ë µâπ¢Õß™à«ß‡«≈“π’È CO ·√ߥ—π V1 ®–≈¥≈ß®“° V1(max) ‰ª‡ªìπ
§◊ Õ ∑”„Àâ   “¡“√∂°”Àπ¥§à “ §«“¡®ÿ ‰¥â § “¬ª√–®ÿ Õ Õ°‰ª à « πÀπ÷Ë ß ·≈– VO(max) ‚¥¬„™â‡«≈“‡∑à“°—π §◊Õª√–¡“≥
√«¡¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ ·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡ CO À√◊Õ VO ¡’§à“µË” ÿ¥ Û ‡∑à“¢Õß§à“§ßµ—«‡«≈“¢Õß«ß®√ ¡¡Ÿ≈
°√–· ∑’®Ë “à ¬„Àâ·°à‚À≈¥·≈–§«“¡æ≈‘«È ‡∑à“°—∫ Vo(min) „π¢≥–∑’Ë C1T ‰¥â√—∫ „π√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜.
(ripple) ¢Õß·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡‚À≈¥‰¥â. ª√–®ÿ‡µÁ¡∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡ C1T §◊Õ ‡¡◊Ë Õ „™â À ≈— ° ¢Õß°“√Õπÿ √— ° …å
 ”À√—∫°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå√ªŸ §≈◊πË ·√ß- V1 ¡’§“à  Ÿß ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ V 1(max). ‡¡◊ÕË ‡«≈“ ª√–®ÿ‰øøÑ“ §◊Õ„Àâª√–®ÿ‰øøÑ“º≈√«¡
¥—π¥â“πÕÕ°„π√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥π—Èπ ®–·∫àß ºà“π‰ª C1T ®–§“¬ª√–®ÿ„Àâ·°à CO ºà“π „πµÕπ‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π ¢Õß™à « ߇«≈“ (Ò)
™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π„π ∑“ß «‘µ™å S (§◊Õ  «‘µ™å S1 À√◊Õ S2 ‡∑à“°—∫ª√–®ÿ‰øøÑ“º≈√«¡„πµÕπ ‘Èπ
∑’πË È’ „π·µà≈–√Õ∫¢Õß°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß „π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù ·≈â«·µà°√≥’) ∑”„Àâ·√ߥ—π  ÿ¥¢Õß™à«ß‡«≈“π’È ®–‰¥â
·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡‚À≈¥ (´÷Ëßπ“π‡∑à“°—∫
§√÷Ëß√Õ∫¢Õß·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π
‡¢â“) ÕÕ°‡ªìπ Û ™à«ß §◊Õ (Ò) ™à«ß —πÈ Ê Vci
Vm
√–À«à“ß∑’Ë «‘µ™å S1 À√◊Õ S2 „π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù
µ—«„¥µ—«Àπ÷Ëߪ߮√. ™à«ßπ’ȵ—«‡°Á∫ Im
iD
ª√–®ÿÀ≈—°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥®–µàÕ¢π“π°—π ·≈– 0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t
√à«¡°—πÕ—¥ª√–®ÿ„Àⷰൗ«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ CO θ
ω
(æ√â Õ ¡∑—È ß ®à “ ¬°√–· „Àâ · °à µ— « µâ “ π T/2
∑“π‚À≈¥ §◊Õ RL ‰ª¥â«¬); (Ú) ™à«ß∑’Ë T
µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿÀ≈—°µàÕ¢π“π°—π‡Õß·≈–
√Ÿª∑’Ë ı
¢π“π°—∫µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ CO ∑ÿ°µ—«™à«¬ √Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡‚À≈¥¢Õß«ß®√‡√’¬ß°√–· ∫∫‡µÁ¡§≈◊Ëπ∑’Ë¡’µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ‡ªìπµ—«°√Õß
°—π®à“¬°√–· „Àâ·°à RL; (Û) ™à«ß∑’Ë
 «‘µ™å S1 ·≈– S2 ‡ªî¥«ß®√Õ¬àŸ¥â«¬°—π
∑”„Àâ CO ∂Ÿ°µ—¥ÕÕ°®“°æ«°µ—«‡°Á∫
VO(max) VO
ª√–®ÿÀ≈—°. „π™à«ßπ’È¡’ CO ‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë∑”
VOX
Àπâ“∑’Ë®à“¬°√–· „Àâ·°à RL. ™à«ß‡«≈“ VO(min) kvin
∑—Èß “¡π’ȇªìπ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ
™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π (Ò)
∂â “ „Àâ § «“¡®ÿ ‰ øøÑ “ ¢Õßµ— « ‡°Á ∫ 0.7v
ª√–®ÿÀ≈—°·µà≈–µ—«¡’§à“‡ªìπ C1 ®–‰¥â
O 3τ t
§à “ §«“¡®ÿ ‰ øøÑ “ º≈√«¡¢Õßµ— « ‡°Á ∫ 1
TX Ty
ª√–®ÿÀ≈—°®”π«π n µ—«∑’˵àÕ°—πÕ¬à“ß ∆t T/2
0
(1) (2) (3)
¢π“𠇪ìπ C1T = nC1 ·≈–«ß®√ ¡¡Ÿ≈
 ”À√— ∫ Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß«ß®√ √Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ
®à“¬°”≈—ß„π∑’Ëπ’È®–‡ªìπµ“¡√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜, √Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡‚À≈¥¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π¥â«¬µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
˜ÛÒ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

µ“¡·∫∫øí ß °å ™— π ‡Õ°´å ‚ æ‡ππ‡™’ ¬ ≈

S Ro
¢Õ߇«≈“ §◊Õ
VO(t) = VO(max) exp (-t/τ2) (¯)
+ +
C1T V1 Co Vo RL ‚¥¬∑’Ë
τ2 = RL (C1T + CO) (˘)
‡ªìπ§à“§ßµ—«∑“߇«≈“¢Õß«ß®√„π™à«ß
π’È
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜
«ß®√ ¡¡Ÿ≈ ”À√—∫°“√∑”ß“π„π™à«ß‡«≈“ (Ò) °“√∑”ß“π¢Õß«ß®√µ“¡√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯
®– ‘Èπ ÿ¥≈߇¡◊ËÕ «‘µ™å S ‡ªî¥«ß®√
‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ C1T ‰¥â√∫— °“√Õ—¥ª√–®ÿ®“°·√ß
C1T V1(max) + COVO(min) = (C1T + CO)VO(max) ¥—π¢Õß·À≈àß®à“¬°√–·  ≈—∫Õ’°§√—Èß
·≈–‰¥â Àπ÷Ëß. ∂â“„Àâ™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π (Ú) π’È
C1T CO °‘π‡«≈“ TX ·≈–·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡ CO „π
VO(max) = V1(max) + V (ˆ)
C1T + CO C1T + CO O(min) µÕπ ‘Èπ ÿ¥™à«ß°“√∑”ß“ππ’ȇªìπ VOX
®–‰¥â
VOX = VO(max) exp (-Tx/τ2) (Ò)
‡π◊ËÕß®“° C1T °—∫ CO µàÕ°—π ™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π (Ò)  ‘Èπ ÿ¥≈ߥ⫬°“√ ™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π (Û)
Õ¬à“ßÕπÿ°√¡„π™à«ß‡«≈“ (Ò) π’È. ¥—ß ∑’Ë C1T ·≈– CO ¡’·√ߥ—πµ°§√àÕ¡‡∑à“ ™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π™à«ßπ’È®–‡√‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
π—πÈ §à“§«“¡®ÿ ¡¡Ÿ≈„π«ß®√µ“¡√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ °— π . ®“°π—È π ∑—È ß §àŸ ® –™à « ¬°— π ®à “ ¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ «‘µ™å S „π«ß®√µ“¡√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ ‡ªî¥
®–‡ªìπ C1E = C1TCO/(C1T + CO) §à“ °√–· „Àⷰൗ«µâ“π∑“π RL. ‡π◊ËÕß «ß®√ ∑”„Àâµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ CO ‡∑à“π—Èπ
§ßµ—«‡«≈“„π°“√∂à“¬‡∑ª√–®ÿ„π«ß®√ ®“° RO << RL ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ß∂◊Õ«à“ RL ¡’ ®à“¬°√–· „Àâ·°à RL ·≈–·√ߥ—π VO
π’È®–‡ªìπ §à“‡∑à“°—∫»Ÿπ¬å ·≈–∂◊Õ«à“ C1T ·≈– CO ®–≈¥≈ß®“°§à“ VOX Õ¬à“ßøíß°å™—π
π1 = RO C1E (˜) µàÕ°—πÕ¬à“ߢπ“π, ∑”„Àâ«ß®√ ¡¡Ÿ≈ ‡Õ°´å‚æ‡ππ‡™’¬≈¢Õ߇«≈“®π‡À≈◊Õ
·≈–™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π (Ò) ®–°‘π  ”À√—∫°“√∑”ß“π„π™à«ßπ’ȇªìπ¥—ß∑’Ë ‡æ’¬ß VO(min). «ß®√ ¡¡Ÿ≈ ”À√—∫™à«ß
‡«≈“ 3τ1 ‚¥¬ª√–¡“≥. · ¥ß‰«â„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯. π’È®–‡ªìπ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘ ·≈–∂â“„Àâ
™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π (Ú) ®“°«ß®√„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ ®–æ‘ Ÿ®π剥â √–¬–‡«≈“¢Õß™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π (Û) π’È
™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π™à«ßπ’ȇ√‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ «à“·√ߥ—π VO ≈¥≈ß®“°§à“ VO(max) ‡ªìπ Ty ®–‰¥â
VO(min) = VOX exp (-Ty/τ3) (ÒÒ)

S ‚¥¬∑’Ë
τ3 = RLCO (ÒÚ)
+ + À≈—ß®“°®∫™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π (Û)
C1T V1 Co Vo RL ·≈â« «ß®√®–°≈—∫‰ªµ—Èßµâπ∑’Ë™à«ß°“√
∑”ß“π (Ò) ¢Õß√Õ∫„À¡à ·≈–®–«π
√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ Õ¬àŸ ‡ ™à π π’È µ √“∫‡∑à “ ∑’Ë ¬— ß ‰¡à ¡’ ° “√µ— ¥
«ß®√ ¡¡Ÿ≈ ”À√—∫°“√∑”ß“π„π™à«ß‡«≈“ (Ú) ·√ߥ—π®“°·À≈àß®à“¬°√–·  ≈—∫.

·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ„π°“√≈¥·√ߥ—π
˜ÛÚ

+
Co Vo RL
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘
«ß®√ ¡¡Ÿ≈ ”À√—∫°“√∑”ß“π„π™à«ß‡«≈“ (Û)
µ—«Õ¬à“ß°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫
„πµÕππ’È ºâŸ«‘®—¬®–· ¥ßµ—«Õ¬à“ß
°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫«ß®√·À≈à ß ®à “ ¬°”≈— ß
‰øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß ∑’ˉ¥â«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√
∑”ß“π‰«â¢â“ß∫ππ’È, ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥„Àâ
·√ߥ— π °√–·  ≈— ∫ ¥â “ π‡¢â “ ¡’ §à “
ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈‡ªìπ ÚÚ ‚«≈µå, §«“¡∂’Ë
ı ‡Œ‘√µ´å.  à«π·√ߥ—π°√–· µ√ß
¥â “ πÕÕ°¡’ §à “ Òı ‚«≈µå ‡¡◊Ë Õ ®à “ ¬
°√–· µ√ß Ÿß ÿ¥ Ò ·Õ¡·ª√å.
‡æ◊ÕË §‘¥ª√–¡“≥Õ¬à“ßÀ¬“∫Ê „π
µÕπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ ®–„Àâ·√ߥ—πÕÕ°§à“µË” ÿ¥
‡ªìπ VO(min) = Òˆ ‚«≈µå ·≈–·√ߥ—π
ÕÕ°§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥‡ªìπ VO(max) = Ú ‚«≈µå,
´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ§à“§«“¡æ≈‘È«¢Õß·√ߥ—π¥â“π
ÕÕ°¡’§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥‡ªìπ ∆VO = Ú - Òˆ
= Ù ‚«≈µå. §à“§«“¡æ≈‘È«¢π“¥∑’Ë
§àÕπ¢â“ß„À≠àπ’È®–∑”„Àâµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ
„π«ß®√¡’§à“‰¡à Ÿß‡°‘π‰ª ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ¡’
°“√µàÕ«ß®√§ÿ¡§à“·√ߥ—π (voltage
regulator) ‰«â ∑’Ë ¥â “ πÕÕ°¥â « ¬ §à “
§«“¡æ≈‘«È ¢Õß·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ°„πµÕπ
 ÿ¥∑⓬®–≈¥≈ߵ˔°«à“∑’Ë°”À𥉫âπ’È
Õ¬à“ß¡“°.
¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
‚¥¬°“√„™â ¡°“√ (Ò) ·≈– (Û) ‚¥¬∑’Ë VO = VO(max) = Ú ‚«≈µå ·≈– VD
= .˜ ‚«≈µå ®–‰¥â
Vin,max = n (VO + 3VD) = n(20 + 2.1) = 22.1n
´÷ßË ‡¡◊ÕË ·∑π§à“ Vin,max = √2(220)
= ÛÒ ‚«≈µå ®–„Àâ n = ÒÙ ‚¥¬
ª√–¡“≥. π—Ëπ§◊Õ«ß®√·À≈àß®à“¬„π∑’Ë
π’È ® –∑”Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ®à “ ¬·√ߥ— π ¥â “ πÕÕ°∑’Ë
Ò/ÒÙ ‡∑à“¢Õß·√ߥ—π Ÿß ÿ¥¥â“π‡¢â“.
„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π °√–· ¥â“π‡¢â“∑’Ë„™â
Õ— ¥ ª√–®ÿ „ Àâ · °à µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ À ≈— °
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥°Á®–¡’§à“‚¥¬ª√–¡“≥‡∑à“°—∫
Ò/ÒÙ ‡∑à“¢Õß°√–· ¥â“πÕÕ°. ®“°
π’È ®– “¡“√∂ª√–¡“≥§à “ §«“¡®ÿ
‰øøÑ“ ¡¡Ÿ≈ C1 ¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿÀ≈—°
∑—ßÈ À¡¥ ‰¥â®“° ¡°“√
Ii = Ci (∆Vi/∆ti) (ÒÛ)
‚¥¬∑’Ë I i = Io /n = 1/14 =
.˜ÒÙ ·Õ¡·ª√å ∆V2 = n∆VO =
ÒÙ (Ù)= ıˆ ‚«≈µå ·≈– ∆ti ™à«ß
‡«≈“§√÷Ë ß §“∫¢Õß°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß
·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π‡¢â“ = (Ò/Ú) (Ò
/ı) = .Ò «‘π“∑’.
‡¡◊ËÕ·∑π§à“µà“ßÊ ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß≈ß
„π ¡°“√ (ÒÛ) ®–‰¥â C1 = ÒÛ x Ò-ˆ
ø“√—¥ = ÒÛ ‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥. ·µà
§«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“ ¡¡Ÿ≈§à“π’ȉ¥â¡“®“°µ—«
‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ À ≈— ° ®”π«π ÒÙ µ— « µà Õ
Õπÿ°√¡°—π ¥—ßπ—Èπµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿÀ≈—°
·µà≈–µ—«®–¡’§“à §«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“‡ªìπ C1 =
nC1 = ÒÙ × ÒÛ ‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥ ≈ Ò¯
‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâÀ“µ—«‡°Á∫
ª√–®ÿ‰¥âßà“¬ ®–„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·∫∫
Õ’‡≈Á§‚∑√≈—¬µ‘§∑’Ë¡’¢π“¥§«“¡®ÿ ÚÚ
‰¡‚§√ø“√— ¥ ·≈–∑π·√ߥ— 𠉥â Û
˜ÛÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‚«≈µå‡ªìπÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ ‡ªìπµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ
À≈—°·µà≈–µ—«.
„π°“√§”π«≥À“§à “ ‚¥¬ª√–-
¡“≥∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕߥ’°«à“‡¥‘¡¢Õß§à“·√ߥ—π
¥â“πÕÕ°µ“¡√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ ®–„™â«ß®√µ“¡
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜-˘. ‚¥¬∑’Ë C1T = nC1 = ÒÙ
× ÚÚ ‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥ = Û,¯ ‰¡‚§√
ø“√—¥ ·≈–‡æ◊ÕË §«“¡ –¥«°®–‡≈◊Õ°§à“
CO ¢π“¥„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫ C1T §◊Õ CO =
Ù,˜ ‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥ (µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ
Õ’ ‡ ≈Á § ‚∑√≈— ¬ µ‘ § ∑π·√ߥ— 𠉥â Û
‚«≈µå‡ªìπÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬) ·≈–‡≈◊Õ°§à“ RO
= .ı ‚ÕÀå¡ ´÷Ëß°ÁµË”°«à“ RL = Òˆ
‚ÕÀå¡ Õ¬à“ß¡“° (RO << RL) µ“¡
‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢∑’Ë„™â„πÀ—«¢âÕ°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√
∑”ß“π¢Õß«ß®√.
 ”À√—∫™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π (Ò) ‡¡◊ËÕ
§”π«≥§à“ C1E (‰¥â Ò,¯ˆÒ ‰¡‚§√ø“-
√—¥) ·≈â«·∑π≈ß„π ¡°“√ (˜) æ√âÕ¡
°—∫§à“ RO = .ı ‚ÕÀå¡ ®–‰¥â τ1 =
.˘Û ¡‘≈≈‘«‘π“∑’. „π™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π
(Ú)  ¡°“√ (˘) ®–„Àâ τ2 = ÒÚÙ ¡‘≈≈‘
«‘ π “∑’ ·≈–„π™à « ß°“√∑”ß“π (Û)
 ¡°“√ (ÒÚ) ®–„Àâ τ3 = ˜ı.Ú ¡‘≈≈‘
«‘π“∑’.
√–¬–‡«≈“ Ty ¢Õß™à«ß°“√∑”ß“π
(Û) °Á§◊Õ√–¬–‡«≈“∑’Ë «‘µ™å S1 ·≈– S2
„π«ß®√µ“¡√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù µà“ß°Á‡ªî¥«ß®√
Õ¬àŸæ√âÕ¡°—π. „π°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫„π∑’Ëπ’È
®–„™â∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å™π‘¥‡ÕÁπæ’‡ÕÁπ (Q1
·≈– Q2) ‡∫Õ√å C2792 (∑π·√ߥ—π‰¥â
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

¯ ‚«≈µå ·≈–√—∫°√–· §Õ≈‡≈°-
‡µÕ√å Ÿß ÿ¥‰¥â ˆ ·Õ¡·ª√å) ®”π«π Ú
µ—« ∑”Àπâ“∑’¢Ë Õß «‘µ™å S1 ·≈– S2 ·≈–
ªÑÕπ·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫¢π“¥ ˆ ‚«≈µå
Õ“√å‡ÕÁ¡‡Õ  ®“°À¡âÕ·ª≈ß¢π“¥‡≈Á°
ºà“πµ—«µâ“π∑“π (R1 ·≈– R2) ´÷Ëß¡’
§«“¡µâ“π∑“πµ—«≈– ÚÚ ‚ÕÀå¡ ‰ª
º≈—¥°—π¢—∫π”‡∫ ¢Õß∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å
∑—Èß Õß ¥—ß∑’Ë· ¥ß‰«â„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò (∂â“
‰¡à„™â∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å °ÁÕ“®„™â‡Õ ´’Õ“√å
·∑π Õ¬à “ ߇™à π ‡Õ ´’ Õ “√å ‡ ∫Õ√å
BT151500R ´÷Ëß∑π·√ߥ—π‰¥â ı
‚«≈µå ·≈–√—∫°√–· ‰ªÀπⓉ¥â ÒÚ
·Õ¡·ª√å (¥Ÿ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß#Ù ‡ªìπ
µ—«Õ¬à“ß).
‡π◊ÕË ß®“°·√ߥ—π‰ªÀπⓧ√àÕ¡¢“
‡∫ °—∫¢“Õ’¡µ‘ ‡µÕ√å¢Õß∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å
™π‘¥æ’‡ÕÁπæ’ §◊Õ VBE ¡’§à“ª√–¡“≥
.˜ ‚«≈µå¢≥–∑’Ë∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å‡√‘Ë¡π”
°√–· . ¥—ßπ—πÈ ™à«ß‡«≈“°àÕπ∑’∑Ë √“π-
´‘ ‡µÕ√å®–‡√‘Ë¡π”°√–·  ‡∑’¬∫°—∫
µ”·Àπà߇√‘Ë¡µâπ∑’Ë»Ÿπ¬å¢Õߧ≈◊Ëπ‰´πå
6√2sin(ωt) ∑’ËÕÕ°®“°À¡âÕ·ª≈ߢ—∫
π”‡∫  ®–À“‰¥â®“°§à“¢Õß ∆to µ“¡
 ¡°“√
6√2sin (ω∆tO) = .˜ (ÒÙ)
‚¥¬∑’Ë ω = 2π (ı) ‡√‡¥’¬π/
«‘ π “∑’  ”À√— ∫ ·√ߥ— π °√–·  ≈— ∫
§«“¡∂’Ë ı ‡Œ‘√µ´å.
‡¡◊ËÕ·°â ¡°“√ (ÒÙ) ®–‰¥â ∆t0 =
.ÚˆÛ ¡‘≈≈‘«‘π“∑’ ¥—ßπ—Èπ Ty = 2∆t0
= .ıÚˆ ¡‘≈≈‘«‘π“∑’ ·≈–®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ
®–‰¥â
Tx ≈ (T/2) - 3τ1 - Ty (Òı)
‚¥¬∑’Ë T ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ Ò §“∫
¢Õß°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß·√ߥ— π °√–· 
 ≈—∫§«“¡∂’Ë ı ‡Œ‘√µ´å π—Ëπ§◊Õ T= Ò/
ı «‘π“∑’  ¡°“√ (Òı). ‡¡◊ËÕ·∑π§à“
µà“ßÊ ∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕ«ß ®–‰¥â Tx = ˆ.ˆ˜
¡‘≈≈‘«π‘ “∑’.
®“° ¡°“√ (Ò) ‡¡◊ËÕ·∑π§à“ Tx
·≈– τ2 ®–‰¥â Vox = 0.946VO(max) ´÷Ëß
‡¡◊ËÕ·∑π≈ß„π ¡°“√ (ÒÒ) ‚¥¬„™â§à“
Ty = .ıÚˆ «‘π“∑’ ·≈–„™â§à“ τ3 =
RLCo = Òˆ (Ù˜ × Ò-ˆ) «‘π“∑’
= ˜ı.Ú ¡‘≈≈‘«‘π“∑’ ®–„Àâ VO(min) =
.˘Û˘VO (max).
„π ¡°“√ (ˆ) ®–°”Àπ¥§à“¢Õß
V1(max) „Àâ‡∑à“°—∫ VO „π ¡°“√ (Û)
´÷ßË °Á®– “¡“√∂À“§à“‰¥â®“° ¡°“√ (Ò)
π—Ëπ§◊Õ

R3 220 Ohms
0.02 uF
DQ1 +
Q1 CQ1

C2792
R1
+ «ß®√µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ +
6V Ro
Vi ·≈–‰¥‚Õ¥ Vi
„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù 6V
220 V. AC +
R2 Co Vo RL

C2792
Q2 +CQ2
DQ2
0.02 uF
R4 220 Ohms
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò
«ß®√∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å∑’Ë„™â∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß «‘µ™å S1 ·≈– S2 „π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù

·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ„π°“√≈¥·√ߥ—π
˜ÛÙ

VO = (1/n)Vin, max - 3VD = (1/14) (310) - 3 (0.7) = Ú.Ù ‚«≈µå
¥— ß π—È π ‡¡◊Ë Õ ·∑π§à “ V 1(max) =
Ú.Ù ‚«≈µå ·≈–·∑π§à“ VO(min) =
0.939VO(max) ≈߉ª„π ¡°“√ (ˆ) ®–
‰¥â§à“∑’˪√—∫„À¡à‡ªìπ VO(max) = Ò¯.Û
‚«≈µå ·≈– VO(min) = Ò˜.Ú ‚«≈µå, ´÷Ëß
°Áµ“à ß°—∫§à“‡¥‘¡∑’‡Ë ªìπ§à“§√à“«Ê §◊Õ Ú
‚«≈µå ·≈– Òˆ ‚«≈µå µ“¡≈”¥—∫. ∑—Èßπ’È
¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈∑’Ë«à“‰¥â„™â§à“§«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“
¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ„À≠à°«à“∑’˧”π«≥‰«â
Õ¬à“ߧ√à“«Ê „πµÕπ·√°.
«ß®√§ÿ¡§à“·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ°
‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ‰ ¥â · √ߥ— π ÕÕ°„π¢—È π
 ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬∑’Ë ¡’ §à “ „°≈â ‡ §’ ¬ ß Òı ‚«≈µå
·≈–¡’§«“¡æ≈‘«È µË”°«à“ ∆VO = VO(max)
- VO(min) = Ò.Ò ‚«≈µå Õ—π‡ªìπº≈®“°
°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫¢â“ß∫ππ’È ®÷ß„™â«ß®√§ÿ¡
§à“·√ߥ—π¥—ß∑’Ë· ¥ß‰«â„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÒ ¡“
™à«¬Õ’°¢—ÈπÀπ÷Ëß.
„π«ß®√µ“¡√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÒ «ß®√√«¡
Ro
«ß®√ à«πÀπâ“
+
Co Vo
√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÒ
«ß®√§ÿ¡§à“·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ°„À≥â Òı ‚«≈µå ∑’褈ҡ√–·  Ò ·Õ¡·ª√å
¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
‡∫Õ√å ˜¯Òı ‡ªìπÕÿª°√≥åÀ≈—°∑’Ë∑”
Àπâ“∑’˧ÿ¡§à“·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ°„Àâ§ßµ—«
Õ¬àŸ∑’Ë Òı ‚«≈µå. ·µà‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õÿª°√≥å
π’È   “¡“√∂®à “ ¬°√–· ‰¥â ‰ ¡à ‡ °‘ π Ò
·Õ¡·ª√å ¥—ßπ—Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬®÷ß
‰¥â„ à∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å·∫∫‡ÕÁπæ’‡ÕÁπµ—«
Àπ÷ßË (‡™àπ∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å‡∫Õ√å CÒˆÒ
´÷Ëß∑π·√ߥ—π√–À«à“ߧÕ≈‡≈°‡µÕ√å°—∫
Õ’¡‘µ‡µÕ√剥⠈ ‚«≈µå ·≈–√—∫°√–·  ·≈–‰¥â ∑ ¥≈Õß«— ¥ ª√‘ ¡ “≥µà “ ßÊ ∑’Ë
§Õ≈‡≈°‡µÕ√å Ÿß ÿ¥‰¥â ˜ ·Õ¡·ª√å)
‰«â™à«¬®à“¬°√–· ¥â«¬, ‚¥¬¡’µ—«‡°Á∫-
ª√–®ÿ¢π“¥ Ù˜ ‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥ µàÕ
Õ¬àŸ°—∫¢“‡∫ ¢Õß∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√剪≈ß
‡°√“πå¥å ·≈–¡’µ«— µâ“π∑“π¢π“¥ Ú
‚ÕÀå¡ µàÕ®“°¢“°≈“ߢÕß«ß®√√«¡
˜¯ı ‰ª≈߇°√“πå¥å¥â«¬. Õÿª°√≥å
µ—«À≈—ß ÿ¥π’„È  à‰«â‡æ◊ÕË ™¥‡™¬·√ߥ—πµ°
(ª√–¡“≥ .˜ ‚«≈µå) §√àÕ¡¢“‡∫  §à“µ—«‡≈¢¡’¥—ßπ’È
°—∫¢“Õ’¡‘µ‡µÕ√å¢Õß∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å.
∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπ «‘µ™å„π
QL
C1061
7815
+ CL RL
200 Ohms 470 uF
˜Ûı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
«ß®√µ“¡√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ·≈–∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å
¢Õß«ß®√§ÿ¡§à“·√ßµ“¡„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÒ ¡’
·ºàπ√–∫“¬§«“¡√âÕ𵑥‰«â¥â«¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ
ªÑÕß°—π‰¡à„Àâ¡’Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß‡°‘π‰ª.
º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫«ß®√
ºâπŸ æ‘ π∏剥â √â“ßµâπ·∫∫¢Õß«ß®√
·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß ∑’ˉ¥â
ÕÕ°·∫∫‰«â µ “¡¢—È π µÕπ¢â “ ß∫ππ’È
‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫ ¡√√∂π–¢Õß«ß®√‚¥¬
√«¡ ‡¡◊ËÕ„Àâ«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß„°≈⇧’¬ß
§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’ËÕÕ°·∫∫‰«â. ª√‘¡“≥¥—ß-
°≈à “ «°Á §◊ Õ ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æº≈√«¡¢Õß
«ß®√, √Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡µ—«‡°Á∫
ª√–®ÿ∑“ߥâ“πÕÕ°¢Õß«ß®√≈¥§à“·√ß
¥—π ·≈–√Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ°¢Õß
«ß®√§ÿ ¡ §à “ ·√ߥ— π . ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π
·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π‡¢â“ ÚÚ
V (rms) ° √ – ·     ≈— ∫ ¥â “ π ‡ ¢â “
.Ò¯ı A(rms).
°”≈—ßß“π°√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π‡¢â“ Ú¯
«—µµå µ—«ª√–°Õ∫°”≈—ß .ˆ˘ (°√–· 
≈â“À≈—ß·√ߥ—π).
·√ߥ—π°√–· µ√ߥâ“πÕÕ° Òı
‚«≈µå ° √–· µ√ߥ⠓ ππÕ° .˘Û
·Õ¡·ª√å.
°”≈— ß ß“π°√–· µ√ߥ⠓ πÕÕ°
ÒÙ «—µµå ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ‚¥¬√«¡
√âÕ¬≈– ı.
√Ÿ ª §≈◊Ë π ∑’Ë «— ¥ ‰¥â ® “°«ß®√®à “ ¬
°”≈— ß µâ π ·∫∫∑’Ë   √â “ ߢ÷È π ‡ªì π ¥— ß √Ÿ ª ∑’Ë
ÒÚ.
√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÚ (°) · ¥ß√Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ß
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

·≈–„Àâ°”≈—ßÕÕ° Ÿß ÿ¥‰¥â„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π
VO(V) ¡’§à“ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– ıı. °“√∑’Ë«ß®√
·∫∫„™â µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ ≈ ¥·√ߥ— π ¡’
Ò¯.Ú ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æµË”°«à“«ß®√·∫∫À≈—ßπ’È
Ò˜.Ú °Á‡ªìπ‡æ√“–¡’°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬°”≈—ß à«πÀπ÷ßË
(√“« Û «—µµå) ‰ª‡ªì𧫓¡√âÕπ„π
Òˆ.Ú
«ß®√‡∫ ¢Õß∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å∑—Èß Ú µ—«
t (ms) ∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ «‘µ™å Õ’°∑—Èß¡’°“√ Ÿ≠
 Ò Ú Û Ù ı
‡ ’¬°”≈—߇ªì𧫓¡√âÕπ„πµ—«∑√“π-
°
´‘ ‡µÕ√å‡Õߥ⫬. °”≈—ß Ÿ≠‡ ’¬∑—Èß Ú
VRL(V)
 à«ππ’È¡’§à“¡“°°«à“√âÕ¬≈– Ò ¢Õß
°”≈— ß ¥â “ π‡¢â “ ∑—È ß À¡¥ (Ú¯ «— µ µå )
Òı.ı ∑—Èßπ’ȇπ◊ËÕß®“°°”≈—ߥâ“π‡¢â“·≈–°”≈—ß
Òı. ¥â“πÕÕ°¢Õß·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—ß„π∑’Ëπ’Ȭ—ß
ÒÙ.ı
µË”Õ¬àŸ. ∂â“ÕÕ°·∫∫„Àâ·À≈àß®à“¬
°”≈—ß “¡“√∂®à“¬°”≈—ß Ÿß ÿ¥‰¥â¡“°¢÷πÈ
t (ms) ‡™àπ®à“¬‰¥â∂÷ß Ò «—µµå Õ¬à“ß„π
 Ò Ú Û Ù ı
¢ ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß#Ù ·≈â« °”≈—ß Ÿ≠‡ ’¬
„π«ß®√∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ
√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÚ  «‘µ™å®–‡ªìπ —¥ à«π∑’˵˔≈߇¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫
√Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ߥ—π§√àÕ¡µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ CO ·≈–·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ°¢Õß«ß®√§ÿ¡§à“·√ߥ—π
°—∫°”≈—ߥâ“π‡¢â“. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ª√– ‘∑∏‘-
¿“æ¢Õß«ß®√·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ≈¥
¥—π§√àÕ¡µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ (CO) ∑“ߥâ“π Òı.Ò ‚«≈µå ‚¥¬ª√–¡“≥. º≈µà“ß ·√ߥ—π®– “¡“√∂‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‰¥â ®πÕ“®
ÕÕ°¢Õß«ß®√≈¥§à“·√ߥ—π. ·√ߥ—π ¢Õß§à“·√ߥ—π∑—Èß Õß„π∑’Ëπ’ȧ◊Õ .Ú ‡∑à“°—∫À√◊Õ Ÿß°«à“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß
 Ÿß ÿ¥„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÚ (°) «—¥‰¥â Ò¯. ‚«≈µå ‚«≈µå ´÷Ëß°Á§à“‡æ’¬ß Ò/¯ ¢Õߺ≈µà“ß «ß®√·∫∫¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ ∑’Ë „ ™â À ¡â Õ ·ª≈ß≈¥
„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫§à“ VO(max) §◊Õ Ò¯.Û ‚«≈µå √–À«à“ß·√ߥ—π Ÿß ÿ¥°—∫µË” ÿ¥∑’Ë¥â“π ·√ߥ—π („π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß#Ù ª√–-
∑’˧”π«≥‰«â.  à«π·√ߥ—πµË” ÿ¥„π√Ÿª ÕÕ°¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π.  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ¢Õß«ß®√·À≈à ß ®à “ ¬°”≈— ß
∑’ËÒÚ (°) «—¥§à“‰¥â Òˆ.Ù ‚«≈µå ´÷Ëß°Á ‚¥¬√«¡‡¡◊ËÕ°”≈—ߥâ“πÕÕ°¡’§à“ ÒÙ
„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫§à“ VO(min) §◊Õ Ò˜.Ú ‚«≈µå «‘®“√≥å·≈–‡ πÕ·π– «—µµå «—¥‰¥â ßŸ ∂÷ß√“«√âÕ¬≈– ¯).
∑’˧”π«≥‰«â‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π. §à“º≈µà“ß «‘ ∏’ ‡ æ‘Ë ¡ ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ¢Õß«ß®√
¢Õß§à“·√ߥ—π∑—ßÈ  Õß∑’«Ë ¥— ‰¥â°§Á Õ◊ Ò¯. ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß«ß®√·À≈àß®à“¬ ·À≈à ß ®à “ ¬°”≈— ß „π∫∑§«“¡π’È Õ’ ° «‘ ∏’
- Òˆ.Ù = Ò.ˆ ‚«≈µå. °”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ Àπ÷Ëß∑’ËÕ“®∑”‰¥â °Á§◊Õ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ«ß®√
√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÚ (¢) · ¥ß√Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ß ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π„π∑’πË È’ ¡’§“à √âÕ¬≈– ı §ÿ¡§à“·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ° ®“°·∫∫‡™‘ß
¥— π ¥â “ πÕÕ°¢Õß«ß®√§ÿ ¡ §à “ ·√ߥ— π „π¢≥–∑’˪√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß«ß®√·À≈àß ‡ âπ‰ª‡ªìπ·∫∫ «‘µ™å ‚¥¬µ—¥«ß®√
¢Õß·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—ß∑’Ë∑¥≈Õß. ·√ߥ—π ®à “ ¬°”≈— ß ‰øøÑ “ °√–· µ√ß·∫∫‡™‘ ß √«¡‡∫Õ√å ˜¯Òı ·≈–∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å
π’È·ª√§à“Õ¬àŸ√–À«à“ß ÒÙ.˘ ‚«≈µå °—∫ ‡ âπ∏√√¡¥“∑’Ë„™âÀ¡âÕ·ª≈ß≈¥·√ߥ—π ‡∫Õ√å C1061 „π√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÒ ÕÕ°‰ª,

·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ„π°“√≈¥·√ߥ—π
˜Ûˆ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

·≈â«„Àâ∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å Q1 °—∫ Q2 º≈—¥
°—π∑”Àπâ“∑’˵—¥µàÕ«ß®√¥â«¬§«“¡∂’Ë
 Ÿß√“« Ú °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√µ´å „π§√÷Ëß√Õ∫∑’Ë
‡À¡“– ¡¢Õß√Õ∫°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß
·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π‡¢â“.
°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»
§ÿ≥ ÿ√æß…å  ÿ«√√≥°«‘π π‘ ‘µ
À≈—° Ÿµ√ª√‘≠≠“‡Õ° ÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√
«‘®—¬Õ’‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å°”≈—ß, ¿“§«‘™“
«‘»«°√√¡‰øøÑ“ §≥–«‘»«°√√¡»“ µ√å
®ÿ à “≈ß°√≥å ¡ À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ‰¥â ™à « ¬
‡À≈◊ Õ „π°“√«— ¥  ¡√√∂π–¢Õß«ß®√
·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“„πß“ππ’È.
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Ò. ¡ß§≈ ‡¥™§√‘ π ∑√å , ™“µ√’ »√’ ‰ ææ√√≥.
Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åæ◊Èπ∞“π. °∑¡: ´’‡ÕÁ¥¬Ÿ‡§™—Ëπ;
ÚıÚ˜, Àπâ“ ÒÙı-ˆÛ.
Ú. Spencer JD, Pippenger DE. The volt-
age regulator handbook. Dallas, Texas:
Texas Instruments; 1977. p. 63-76.
Û. Williams BW. Power electronics de-
vices, drivers and applications. New
York: John Wiley & Sons; 1987. p.
309-29.
Ù. ©—µ√™—¬  ◊∫Õ‘π∑√å. °“√ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈– √â“ß
·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß‚¥¬„™âµ—«
‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ ≈ ¥·√ߥ— π . √“¬ß“π‚§√ßß“π
«‘»«°√√¡‰øøÑ“ ¿“§«‘™“«‘»«°√√¡‰øøÑ“
§≥–«‘ » «°√√¡»“ µ√å , ®ÿ à “≈ß°√≥å
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬, °∑¡.; ÚıÙÚ.

Abstract A Switched-capacitor, Direct-current Power Supply

Mongkol Dejnakarintra
Fellow, the Academy of Science, the Royal Institute, Thailand
A guideline for designing and constructing a low voltage direct current power supply without
using a power transformer was presented. The power supply circuit uses one or more sets of capaci-
tors and diodes to substitute for the transformer. The author also gives a demonstrative example in
designing and constructing a 15-volt, 1-ampere DC power supply with an AC input voltage of 220
volts.
Key words : direct current power supply, switched-capacitor

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
˜Û˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

A Ruby Grading System Sakda Siripant

Fellow, the Academy of Science,
Set up by the Gem and Jewelry the Royal Institute
Institute of Thailand (GIT) for the
Gemstone Industry+*

The beauty of rubies is a combination of their attractive color, brilliance and transparency. These
factors were the fundamental criteria used to select standard ruby sets. Two sets each of Thai, Mogok,
Mong Hsu and Madagascar rubies were obtained. Each set was carefully selected so that each had five
red color levels varying from dark to light; these were now considered standard sets. Each stone has a
color code based on the Munsell system (hue value/chroma), including a specific color name.
An extensive research effort regarding the subjective ruby color preferences of Thais, Japanese,
Americans, Europeans and Indians was conducted. The result was that people from different countries
expressed different preferences regarding hue, tone and color saturation. In order to effectively evalu-
ate the most important factors (color, brilliance and transparency) that contribute to the beauty of ru-
bies, a quantitative approach under the heading quality was used. The quality grading of a ruby de-
pends on four independent criteria, namely, color grading, clarity grading, cut grading and carat weight.
Color notations used in color grading are dark red (5R 2/8) deep red (5R 3/10), vivid red (2.5R 4/14)
strong red (5R 4/12) pinkish red (8.75R 4/12) and purplish red (7.5RP 5/8). Clarity gradings are excellent
(minute inclusions), fine (minor inclusions), very good (noticeable inclusions), good (moderate inclu-
sions) and fair (significant inclusions). The cutting gradings are excellent, fine, very good, good, and
fair.
First, it must be determined whether the gemstone is of natural or synthetic origin. This is a two-
stage procedure. Second, it must be determined whether the gemstone’s color and clarity are natural or
have been altered artificially.
Key words : ruby grading, color grading of a gemstone, quality level of ruby, ruby standard

+
GIT Academicians: 1. Prof. Sakda Siripant, 2. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Visuth Pisutha-Arnond, 3. Dr. Pornsawat Wathanakul, 4. Ms. Wilawan
Adichart, 5. Dr. Phongchan Chanthayos, 6. Mr. Thanong Leelawattanasuk, 7. Mr. Yongyut Khankaew, and 8. Mr. Sutas Singhabumrung.
Thai Gem and Jewelry Trader Association Representatives: 1. Mr. Pornsert Sriorathaikul, 2. Mr. Porkuang sae Tang, 3. Mr. Pittiya
Tiasuwan, 4. Mr. Chirayuth Vajanathavornchai, 5. Mr. Vichian Veerasaksri, 6. Ms. Chanida Chairanant, 7. Mr. Parks Satienrapat, 8. Ms.
Nippaporn Amorpongchai, 9. Mr. Narain Suradejvibul, 10. Mr. Mohan Sachdeva, 11. Mr. Achakij Nawawatanasub, 12. Mr. Montree
Udomrattanamanee, 13. Ms. Janet Ann Russell, 14. Mr. Somkiat Weerawuttiwong, and 15. Mr. Pongphan Tunyakijja.
*Paper presented at the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, February 6, 2002.

A Ruby Grading System

˜Û¯

One of the most important
challenges facing gem dealers is
how to grade rubies into various
categories. The most important
problem in trying to develop an
effective ruby-grading termino-
logy is the lack of understanding
among gem dealers about color
terminology as used by color sci-
entists. As a matter of fact, the
principal difference between a fine
ruby and a lower graded stone is
the color saturation or chroma and
intensity of the hue (dominant
color) rather than a color or hue
shift. (Fig. 1)
The Gem and Jewelry Insti-
tute of Thailand (GIT) in coopera-
tion with the Thai Gem and Jew-
elry Traders Association (TGJTA)
has decided that Thailand, as the
world’s largest exporter of rubies,
should have an efficient and inter-
nationally recognized grading sys-
tem that satisfies both traders and
the Tourism Authority of Thai-
land. Thus, a working committee
of academicians from GIT and
Fig. 1
Sakda Siripant
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
gem traders from the TGJTA was gem. As the brilliance increases,
established. This committee then rubies become more valuable.
created a ruby grading system. (Fig. 2)
The working committee held 1.3 Transparency and the
more than 10 meetings between lack of inclusions and blemishes
October 2000 and October 2001, combined with its brilliance are
and the results of their extensive what make a ruby so beautiful.
work follows: (Fig. 3)
Three criteria, attractive color,
Methods used for ruby grading
brilliance, and transparency, were
and results
used by GIT to select eight sets of
In general there are three fac- standard rubies weighing from
tors governing the assessment of a 0.75 to 1 carat from four different
ruby. Its beauty, quality and value geographic regions. Included
(natural or synthetic origin). (See were two sets of Thai, Mogok,
the flowchart showing criteria used Mong Hsu and Madagascar rubies.
to assess a ruby’s grading; Diagram Each set has five tone levels rang-
1). ing from dark to light. (Fig. 4)
1. Beauty This is the most These standard ruby sets were
important easily seen aspect of a used to conduct the color prefer-
gemstone and a strong factor in de- ence survey. The participants in
termining its value. Beauty is sub-
jective. In fact, the word “beauty”
is a collective term; with regard to
assessing a ruby or, for that matter,
any gemstone, the term combines
the concepts of color, brilliance
and transparency.
1.1 The attractive color of a
ruby usually depends on personal
taste. The key to its attractive color
is not merely the gemstone’s simple
two-dimensional color, but the bal- Fig. 2
ance of light and dark tones in a
mosaic-like pattern that gives the
gem a wonderful three-dimen-
sional appearance. This is the ef-
fect of reflection and refraction
caused by good and proper
faceting.
1.2 The brilliance of a ruby
is caused by light refracted and re-
flected from a properly faceted Fig. 3
˜Û˘
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

A flowchart showing criteria used to assess a rubyûs grading

Subjective method Objective method

(Visual sensation & experience)

1. Beauty 2. Quality 3. Value

Attractive color Natural or synthetic origin

Brilliance Treatment
Transparency Country of origin

Color grading Clarity grading Cut grading Carat weight

Hue/Tone/Saturation Inclusion Proportion/Finish

➤

- Position
Dark red - Amount Excellent
Deep red - Size Fine
Vivid red - Aggregation Very good
Strong red - Contrast Good
Pinkish red Fair
Purplish red
➤

Excellent clarity/minute inclusion (Mil)

Fine clarity/minor inclusion (MrI)
Very good clarity/noticeable inclusion (NI)
Good clarity/moderate inclusion (MI)
Fair clarity/significant inclusion (SI)

Diagram 1

this study were buyers and gemo-

logists from various countries who
attended the 28th Gem and Jewel-
ry Fair in Bangkok between the
13th and 16th of September 2001.
The participants were divided into
six groups and numbered by geo-
graphic origin (Thais 191, Ameri-
cans 49, Europeans 76, Japanese
55, Indians 64, and other Asian
Fig. 4 countries 47). The results of the
Two sets of Thai, Mong Hsu Mogok and Madagascar rubies Color Preference Survey are shown

A Ruby Grading System

˜Ù
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

While researching the color preferences of rubies from

various regions, it was found Thais prefer rubies of
Thai origin more than other types, according to a sample
test of 191 people.
Thai ruby (43%) Mong Hsu ruby (29%)
Mogok ruby (36%) Madagascar ruby (40%)

Fig. 5

Americans prefer Mogok rubies, according to a sample

test of 49 person.
Thai ruby (41%) Mong Hsu ruby (33%)
Mogok ruby (56%) Madagascar ruby (37%)

Fig. 6

Europeans prefer Thai rubies, according to a sample

test of 76 person.
Thai ruby (45%) Mong Hsu ruby (28%)
Mogok ruby (43%) Madagascar ruby (30%)

Fig. 7

Sakda Siripant
˜ÙÒ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
Fig. 8
in the following tables. (Fig. 5-8)
In order to evaluate three of
the important factors contributing
to the beauty of a ruby more pre-
cisely we used quantitative meth-
ods grouped under the heading
“Quality”.
2. Quality The quality of a
ruby is based on four independent
criteria: color, clarity, cut grading
and carat weight.
2.1 Color grading The
color of a ruby determines at least
50 per cent of its final market
value. The color grading of rubies
is very difficult and more subjec-
tive than the grading of diamonds.
The GIT method has been de-
signed to provide a meaningful
grading system that is easily under-
stood and used. This system can be
directly related to market prices.
The color grading of a ruby be-
comes complicated because three
separate components that are both
independent and interrelated,
namely hue, tone, and saturation
(color intensity).
Hue describes the domi-
Janpanese prefer Burmese (Mogok) rubies, accord-
ing to a sample test of 55 persons.
Thai ruby (40%) Mong Hsu ruby (27%)
Mogok ruby (49%) Madagascar ruby (27%)
nant and additional colors in a -degree Kelvin light source (1,500
gemstone that are visible to the lux illuminant).
naked eye. In our example, a pur- Each stone in the standard
plish/red (PR) ruby has red as the sets was assigned a Munsell color
dominant color and purple as the code and name. The results were
secondary color. compared with the ISCC-NBS of
Value or tone -This refers
to the lightness or darkness of a
color sensation.
Saturation or chroma is
best described as the strength or
intensity of the hue sensation. The
GIT Color Grading System is based
on the Munsell Color Chart.
Each ruby was matched to
the appropriate Munsell color chip Fig. 10
and viewed under a standard 5,000 Munsell color charts.
Fig. 9 Fig. 11
Color matching between a ruby Sample of rubies with Munsell
and a Munsell color chip. color codes and names.
A Ruby Grading System
˜ÙÚ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

the ASTM color chart. Addition-
ally the Munsell Color Code can
be converted into the color coor-
dinates of the L*U* V* and L*a*b*
system**,1.
2.2 Clarity grading Clarity
is the second most important fac-
tor when evaluating rubies, i.e.
when determining value and is
worth between 20 and 30 per cent
in the grading system. The clarity
of a ruby is first determined with
the naked eye and then under 10x
magnification. The clarity of a ruby
can be determined by a point sys-
tem that takes into account the fol-
lowing factors: inclusions (includ-
ing the location of inclusions in
the ruby), number of inclusions,
the size aggregation and contrast
of any inclusions. (Tables 1-2)

Table 1 The point system for clarity grading of rubies.

Points Position Amount Relative size Aggregation Contrast
4 Table Numerous Large Dense all over Very high
3 Crown Moderate Medium Locally dense High
2 Girdle Few Small Dispersed Moderate
1 Pavilion Very few Very small Isolated Low

Then, the total score will be used to assign the final clarity grade:
<9 Minute inclusions (MiI) or excellent clarity
10-12 Minor inclusions (MrI) or fine clarity
13-16 Noticeable inclusions (NI) or very good clarity
17-19 Moderate inclusions (MoI) or good clarity
20 Significant inclusion (SI) or fair clarity
Minute inclusion (MiI): Visible with 10x magnification, very difficult to see with the naked eye.
Minor inclusion (MrI): Visible with 10x magnification, difficult to see with the naked eye.
Noticeable inclusion(NI): Easily visible with 10x magnification, just able to see with the naked eye.
Moderate inclusion(MoI): Very easily seen with 10x magnification, easy to see with the naked eye.
Significant inclusion (SI): Very easily seen with 10x magnification, very easy to see with the naked eye.

Table 2 Sample of clarity grading

Position Amount Relative size Aggregation Contrast
Crown Few Medium Dispersed Low
3 2 3 2 1
Total = 11 Clarity grade : Minor inclusion (Mrl)

Position Amount Relative size Aggregation Contrast

Table Moderate Large Dense all over Moderate
4 3 4 4 2
Total = 27 Clarity grade : Moderate inclusion (Mol)

Sakda Siripant
˜ÙÛ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

2.3 Cut grading Cutting
is the third most important factor
when evaluating rubies. The cut
component is worth 10 to 20 per
cent of the value in a grading
system.
Criteria for cut grading are
the proportion and finish of a
ruby.
Proportion: There are
three criteria used to assess propor-
tion.
1-Face-up balance When
viewed in the face-up position, the
opposite parts of the faceted stone
should be exactly the same size and
well shaped. The overall effect
Fig. 12
should be appealing to the eye.
2-Profile balance When
viewed from the side of the table,
the culet should be exactly cen-
tered, the girdle not wavy, and the
pavilion bulge should be even.
Total depth percentage (the
height of a ruby measured from
table to culet, divided by the width
and multiplied by 100) should
normally be between 60 and 65 per
cent. The crown height, measured
from the table to the girdle, should
be between one-fourth and one-
third of the total depth. The pavil-
ion depth, measured from the
girdle to the culet, should vary be-
Fig. 13
tween two-thirds and three-fourths
of the total depth. (Figs. 12-13)
3-Brilliance The light re-
turned to the eye is known as bril-
liance. As the brilliance increases
rubies become more valuable.
When light leakage occurs it is
known as windowing. When dark
areas are visible, it is know as ex-
tinction.
Finish : There are three
criteria used to assess finish:
1-Polish: regards the sur-
face characteristics
2-Symmetry: considers the
shape, position, and arrangement
of facets
3-Facet survey: considers
the number of facets. The posi-
tion of the facets should be suit-
able to the cutting style. (Table 3)
2.4 Weight (in carats) will
also determine the price of the
stone.
A large-sized ruby should
have a higher price per carat than

Table 3 Cut grading

Four criteria : Cutting grade

1. Face-up balance ............ 10 points Grade Point
2. Profile balance ................ 10 points ➤ Grade by nake eye Excellent 10-8
3. Brilliance .......................... 5 points Fine 8-6
4. Finish............................... 5 points ➤ Grade by 10x loupe Very good 6-4
Good 4-2
(face-up balance + Profile balance + Finish
Cutting grade = + Brilliance Fair 2-1
5
Max. score = 10 Min. score = 1

A Ruby Grading System

˜ÙÙ

that of a smaller-sized ruby of the
same quality. This is because the
smaller stones are easier to find
than larger ones.
3. Value The word “value”
in our context means its authen-
ticity. A natural ruby, without hav-
ing undergone any treatment and
originating from a world-famous
origin such as Mogok, is consid-
ered, by the trade, to be a premium
gemstone. Therefore, the first pri-
ority in the grading process must
be to determine whether any form
of treatment or enhancement has
been used. Only then can we logi-
cally proceed to the analysis of the
gemstone’s color, clarity, cut, and
Sakda Siripant
weight (carats).
The Impact of this Research on
the gem and Jewelry Industry
The Ruby Grading System
was presented for the first time to
150 members of the Jewel Fest
Club and other invited traders at
its Annual General Meeting at the
Dusit Thani Hotel on November
7, 2001 and to 300 TGJTA mem-
bers and the exhibitors of the
Bangkok Gem and Jewelry Fair at
the Napalai Ballroom of the Dusit
Thani Hotel on November 26,
2001. Presentations were also
made to 130 Japanese ruby import-
ers and retailers at the GIT on
˜Ùı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
January 21 and February 6, 2002.
The new ruby grading system
was described in the GIT gem
indentification report used to pro-
mote the sale of rubies in the Ruby
Year 2002 in Japan. Up to April
20, 2002, a total of 1,700 rubies
were certified by using this
method.
References
1. Sakda Siripant. Color communication
system for gems. J Gems & Gemmo-
logy 1999; 35:162-3.
2. Yasukaza Suwa. Gemstones quality and
value. Volume 1. Tokyo: Sekai Bunka
Publishing Inc; 1999.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ √–∫∫°“√®—¥™—ÈπÀ√◊Õ‡°√¥∑—∫∑‘¡*
»—°¥“ »‘√‘æ—π∏ÿå**
*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ˆ °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏åå æ.». ÚıÙı
**√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
„π¢—Èπµâπ¢Õß°“√®—¥‡°√¥∑—∫∑‘¡π—Èπ π—°Õ—≠¡≥’»“ µ√剥âª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡ß“¡¢Õß∑—∫∑‘¡‚¥¬„™â§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°
·≈–ª√– ∫°“√≥å‚¥¬°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡ß“¡¢Õß ’·¥ß. ∑—∫∑‘¡∑’Ë¡’ ’·¥ßÕ‘Ë¡µ—« ·≈–¡’§«“¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß ’·¥ß„°≈â
‡§’¬ß°—∫ ’·¥ß¢Õß ‡ª§µ√—¡‚¥¬ª√“»®“° ’π”È µ“≈·≈–πÈ”‡ß‘πªπÕ¬Ÿà ·≈–‡ÀÁπ ’ Û ¡‘µ,‘ Õ’°∑—ßÈ ¡’ª√–°“¬√—ß ’ ¥„ 
‡À¡◊Õπ‡ª≈«‰ø¢Õß∂à“πÀ‘π∑’°Ë ”≈—ß≈ÿ°‚™µ‘™«à ß ·≈–¡’§«“¡„   –Õ“¥ª√“»®“°¡≈∑‘π ®—¥«à“‡ªìπ∑—∫∑‘¡∑’¡Ë §’ “à ¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ .
§≥–ºŸ«â ®‘ ¬— ‰¥â𔇰≥±å°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡ «¬ß“¡¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ‰ª„™â„π°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°∑—∫∑‘¡¡“µ√∞“π‰¥â ¯
™ÿ¥ ®“°·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥∑“ß¿Ÿ¡»‘ “ µ√å Ù ª√–‡∑». ∑—∫∑‘¡·µà≈–™ÿ¥®–¡’√–¥—∫¢Õß ’·¥ß≈¥À≈—πË ®“°·°à‰ªÕàÕπ ı √–¥—∫.
∑—∫∑‘¡·µà≈–‡¡Á¥¡’ —¥ à«π°“√‡®’¬√–‰πÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß¡“µ√∞“π‡¥’¬«°—π. ‡¡◊ËÕπ”∑—∫∑‘¡π’ȉª„À⺟â´◊ÈÕÕ—≠¡≥’·≈–π—°
Õ—≠¡≥’»“ µ√å ®”π«π Ù¯Ú §π ®“° ı °≈ÿࡪ√–‡∑»„πß“π· ¥ßÕ—≠¡≥’·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫°√ÿ߇∑æœ „π™à«ß
«—π∑’Ë ÒÛ-Òˆ °—𬓬π ÚıÙÙ §—¥‡≈◊Õ°«à“™Õ∫ ’¢Õß∑—∫∑‘¡‡¡Á¥„¥®“°™ÿ¥‰Àπ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥. º≈ª√“°Æ«à“ ™“«‰∑¬
Õ‡¡√‘°—π ¬ÿ‚√ª ≠’˪ÿÉπ Õ‘π‡¥’¬ π‘¬¡ ’·¥ß¢Õß∑—∫∑‘¡∑’Ë¡’‡™¥ ’∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π ®÷߇ªìπÀ≈—°∞“𠔧—≠∑’Ë∑”„Àâ§≥–ºŸâ
«‘®—¬‰¡à„™â«‘∏’®—¥‡°√¥ ’∑—∫∑‘¡‡ªìπ‡°√¥ A, B, C, D, E ·≈– F À√◊Õ ‡°√¥ Ò, Ú, Û, Ù, ı ·≈– ˆ µ“¡§«“¡
π‘¬¡≈”¥—∫®“°¡“°‰ªπâÕ¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°∑—∫∑‘¡ ’Àπ÷ËßÕ“®‡ªìπ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡∑’Ë ÿ¥¢Õߧπ„πª√–‡∑»Àπ÷Ëß ·µà°≈—∫‰¥â√—∫§«“¡
π‘¬¡‡ªìπÕ—π¥—∫√Õß„πÕ’°ª√–‡∑»Àπ÷Ëß.
πÕ°®“°°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡ «¬ß“¡‚¥¬„™â‡°≥±å∑—Èß Û ¥—ß°≈à“«¡“·≈â« ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√®—¥‡°√¥∑—∫∑‘¡¡’§«“¡
∂Ÿ°µâÕß·¡à𬔷≈–¡’§«“¡πà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ §≥–ºŸâ«‘®—¬‰¥â„™â«‘∏’ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß∑—∫∑‘¡‚¥¬«‘∏’«‘‡§√“–Àå
‡™‘ߪ√‘¡“≥·≈–¡’¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√ª√–‡¡‘πµ“¡·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘ 燰≥±å ”§—≠∑’Ë„™â„π°“√æ‘®“√≥“®—¥‡°√¥∑—∫∑‘¡é ´÷Ëß
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬°“√®—¥‡°√¥µ“¡ ’, §«“¡„ , °“√‡®’¬√–‰π ·≈–πÈ”Àπ—°°–√—µ (Ò/ı °√—¡).
°“√®—¥‡°√¥ ’∑—∫∑‘¡„™â°“√‡∑’¬∫ ’∑—∫∑‘¡°—∫·∂∫ ’¢Õß¡—π‡´≈≈å ¿“¬„µâ· ß¡“µ√∞“π ı, ‡§≈«‘π
·≈–„™â§«“¡‡¢â¡°“√ àÕß «à“ß Ò,ı ≈—°´å  “¡“√∂®—¥‡°√¥∑—∫∑‘¡µ“¡‡™¥ ’·¥ß‰¥â ¯ ™ÿ¥, ‚¥¬„™â™◊ËÕ ’·≈–
√À— ¡—π‡´≈≈å (hue value/chroma) (H V/C) §◊Õ dark red (5R 2/8), deep red (5R 3/10),
vivid red (25 R 4/14), strong red (5R 4/12), pinkish red (85R 4/12) ·≈– purplish red
(7.5R 5/8).
°“√®—¥‡°√¥§«“¡„ ¢Õß∑—∫∑‘¡„™â∑—∫∑‘¡™ÿ¥∑’Ë ˘ ´÷ËߺŸâ«‘®—¬§—¥‡≈◊Õ°¡“ ı ‡¡Á¥ ·≈–¡’√–¥—∫§«“¡„ ¡“°‰ª
À“πâÕ¬ §«“¡„ ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥®–¡’¡≈∑‘ππâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥. πÕ°®“°π—Èπ ¬—ßπ”‡Õ“µ”·Àπàß ¢π“¥ ®”π«π °“√√«¡µ—«‡ªìπ
°≈ÿà¡¢Õß¡≈∑‘π¡“§‘¥„À⧖·ππ ·≈–®—¥‡°√¥§«“¡„ ‰¥â ı ‡°√¥ §◊Õ Ò. excellent clarity À¡“¬§«“¡«à“¡’
¡≈∑‘π‡≈Á°πâÕ¬, Ú. fine clarity ¡’¡≈∑‘ππââÕ¬, Û. very good clarity ¡’¡≈∑‘π∑’ˇÀÁπ‰¥ââ, Ù. good clarity
¡’¡≈∑‘πª“π°≈“ß, ı. fair clarity ¡’¡≈∑‘π™—¥‡®π.
°“√®—¥‡°√¥°“√‡®’¬√–‰π„™â‡°≥±åæ‘®“√≥“ —¥ à«π¢Õßæ≈Õ¬·≈–§«“¡‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬„πß“πµ°·µàß¡“§‘¥„Àâ
§–·ππ ·≈–®—¥‡°√¥°“√‡®’¬√–‰π‰¥â ı ‡°√¥ §◊Õ excellent, fine, very good, good ·≈– fair.
„π°“√®—¥‡°√¥∑—∫∑‘¡„πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√µ√«® Õ∫Õ—≠¡≥’·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫¢Õß ∂“∫—πœ ®–„™â∑—∫∑‘¡
¡“µ√∞“π∑—Èß ¯ ™ÿ¥ ‡ªìπµ—«‡∑’¬∫ ’°—∫∑—∫∑‘¡¢Õß≈Ÿ°§â“∑’Ë ∂“∫—πœ ‰¥â√—∫ ·∑π∑’Ë®–„™â·∂∫ ’¢Õß¡—π‡´≈≈å∑’Ë„™â„π
°“√«‘®¬— ‡æ√“–„À⧫“¡ –¥«°·≈–√«¥‡√Á«. πÕ°®“°π—πÈ °àÕπ∑”°“√µ√«® Õ∫æ≈Õ¬∑ÿ°‡¡Á¥µâÕß¡’°“√µ√«®§ÿ≥§à“
´÷ËßÀ¡“¬∂÷ß ∂“π¿“æ¢Õß∑—∫∑‘¡«à“‡°‘¥‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ À√◊Õ‡°‘¥‚¥¬°“√ —߇§√“–Àå ·≈–µ√«®¥Ÿ«à“ ’·¥ß·≈–§«“¡
„ ¢Õß∑—∫∑‘¡‡°‘¥‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ À√◊Õ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√‡æ‘Ë¡§ÿ≥§à“¥â«¬§«“¡√âÕπ À√◊Õ„™â°√–∫«π°“√Õ◊ËπÊ ‡¢â“¡“™à«¬
·≈–¬—ß “¡“√∂µ√«®∑—∫∑‘¡µ“¡§”¢Õ¢Õß≈Ÿ°§â“∑’µË Õâ ß°“√∑√“∫·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥∑“ß¿Ÿ¡»‘ “ µ√å¢Õß∑—∫∑‘¡π—πÈ ‰¥â¥«â ¬.
§” ”§—≠ : °“√®—¥‡°√¥∑—∫∑‘¡, °“√®—¥‡°√¥ ’Õ—≠¡≥’, √–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ∑—∫∑‘¡, ¡“µ√∞“π∑—∫∑‘¡

A Ruby Grading System

˜Ùˆ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  °’√µ‘ ∫ÿ≠‡®◊Õ

√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
π—°ª√—™≠“·Ààß∏“µÿ Ù √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

§‘¥‡¥‘¡¢Õß™¡æŸ∑«’ª. Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
∑ƒ…Æ’∏“µÿ Ù ‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß‚≈° ‡ªìπª√—™≠“·≈–«‘∑¬“
»“ µ√å¢Õß∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…‰∑¬¡“π“π. „π«ß°“√ª√—™≠“µ–«—πµ° ‡ªìπ∑’Ë §«“¡ ”§—≠®√‘ßÊ ¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ 
√—∫√Ÿâ°—π«à“‡ªìπ∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  ºŸâ¡’Õ“¬ÿÕ¬Ÿà„π√–À«à“ßæÿ∑∏- Õ¬Ÿ∑à ∑’Ë “à ∑’ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡ ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ 
»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò. ∫∑§«“¡π’È®–°≈à“«‡©æ“–ª√–«—µ‘·≈–ß“π‡¢’¬π‡∑à“π—Èπ. ‡ πÕ∏“µÿ Ù ‡ªì π ª∞¡∏“µÿ °Á ‡ æ◊Ë Õ
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¡’π‘ —¬¢Õ∫ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡ ®÷ß·∂≈ßπ‚¬∫“¬ ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡§«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë·µ°·¬°°—π
¬Õ¡√—∫§«“¡®√‘ß Ú √–¥—∫ §◊Õ√–¥—∫»“ π“‰¥â®“°§—¡¿’√廓 π“·≈–
°“√‡ªî¥‡º¬¢Õ߇∑æ.  à«π√–¥—∫«‘™“°“√‰¥â®“°°“√Õ∏‘∫“¬‚¥¬„™â
Õ¬à“ßÀπ—°„πÀ¡Ÿàπ—°ª√—™≠“°√’°¢≥–
∑ƒ…Æ’∏“µÿ Ù ‡ªìπÀ≈—°°“√ ”§—≠. π—Èπ, °≈à“«§◊Õ»‘…¬å¢Õ߇∏≈‘ ¬◊π¬—π«à“
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡ªìπ≈Ÿ°»‘…¬å¢Õßæ“√凡‡πÕ¥’  ºŸâ Õπ‡√◊ËÕß ª∞¡∏“µÿ‰¥â·°àπ”È , »‘…¬å¢Õß·Õ·π°´’-
§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß∏“µÿ¥‘π ·µà°Á π„®ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇Œ‡√Õ§≈“¬‡∑‘ ºŸâ Õπ ‡¡Õπ‘ «à“‰¥â·°à≈¡, »‘…¬å¢Õ߇Œ‡√Õ-
‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß∏“µÿ‰ø, ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇∏≈‘ ºŸâ Õπ‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¡
 ”§—≠¢Õß∏“µÿπÈ” ·≈–ª√—™≠“¢Õß·Õ·π°´’‡¡Õπ‘ ºŸâ Õπ‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¡
§≈“¬‡∑‘ «à“‰¥â·°à‰ø ·≈– ”π—°Õ’‡≈’¬
 ”§—≠¢Õß∏“µÿ≈¡. ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡‚¥¬¬°∑—Èß Ù ∏“µÿ «à“‰¥â·°à¥‘π. ·¡â‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ®–
¢÷Èπ„Àâ¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠‡ ¡Õ°—π. ‰¡à ª √– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á ® „π°“√ª√–π’
¥â « ¬‡Àµÿ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π π— ° ª√“™≠å ºŸâ √ Õ∫√Ÿâ · ≈–¡’ π‘  — ¬ ™Õ∫°“√ª√–π’ ª√–πÕ¡¥—ߪ√“√∂π“ ·µà‡®µπ“√¡¬å
ª√–πÕ¡ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕª√–™“™π„ππ§√√—∞Õ“§√–°— ≈â¡Õ”π“®∑√√“™
·Àà ß °“√ª√–π’ ª √–πÕ¡π— ∫ «à “ πà “
≈߉¥â °Áæ√âÕ¡„®°—π¬°∑à“π¢÷πÈ ‡ªìπºŸπâ ”√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬„πªï °.§.».
Ù˜Ú ·≈–µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“µàÕ¡“ Ú¯ ªï ∑à“π‰¥â欓¬“¡ Õπ·≈–™à«¬  √√‡ √‘≠¬‘Ëß.
ª√–™“™π¥â«¬§«“¡√Ÿâ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà, ·µà°Á∂Ÿ°µ√–°Ÿ≈¢ÿππ“ß∫—Ëπ∑Õ𧫓¡ §«“¡æ¬“¬“¡ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡∑’¡Ë ’
π‘¬¡Õ¬Ÿµà ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ·≈–„π∑’ Ë ¥ÿ ¢ÿππ“ß°Á™ß‘ Õ”π“®‰¥â„πªï °.§.». ÙÙÙ. §«“¡ ”§—≠‰¡à¬‘ËßÀ¬àÕπ‰ª°«à“‡√◊ËÕß
‡π◊ËÕß®“°∑à“π‰¡àÕ“®°≈—∫∫â“π‡°‘¥‰¥â ®÷߇√à√àÕπÀ“§«“¡√Ÿâ‡√◊ËÕ¬‰ª·≈– ∏“µÿ Ù °Á§Õ◊ °“√ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡√–À«à“ß
‡¢’¬πµ”√“®π∂÷ßÕπ‘®°√√¡„πªï °.§.». ÙÛ ‰¥âµ”√“ Ú ‡≈à¡ §◊Õ On
Nature («à“¥â«¬∏√√¡™“µ‘)  ”À√—∫π—°«‘™“°“√ ·≈– On Purifi- §«“¡√Ÿâ ∑ “ߪ√— ™ ≠“°— ∫ »√— ∑ ∏“∑“ß
cations («à“¥â«¬«‘∏’∑”®‘µ„®„ÀâºàÕß·ºâ«)  ”À√—∫π—°°“√»“ π“. »“ π“. ‚¥¬‡ πÕ«à“§«“¡√ŸâÕ“®®–
§” ”§—≠ : ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ , ∏“µÿ Ù ‡¢â“„®‰¥â„π Ú √–¥—∫ §◊Õ√–¥—∫‡Àµÿº≈
¢Õßπ—°ª√—™≠“°—∫√–¥—∫¨“ππ‘¬¡¢Õß
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  (Empedocles ·≈â « ®÷ ß πà “ §‘ ¥ «à “ ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘   ‰¥â π—°°“√»“ π“. ‚¥¬º‘«‡º‘π¥Ÿ‡À¡◊Õπ
°.§.». Ù˘Ú ? - ÙÛ ?) ‡ªìπºŸâ√‘‡√‘Ë¡ §«“¡§‘¥π’ȉª®“°™¡æŸ∑«’ªÀ√◊Õ«à“§‘¥ °—∫«à“§«“¡√Ÿâ Ú √–¥—∫¢—¥·¬âß°—π ·µà
∑ƒ…Æ’ª∞¡∏“µÿ Ù „πª√—™≠“µ–«—πµ°. ‰¥â‡Õß. ∂ⓧ‘¥‰¥â‡Õß∑”‰¡ Ù ∏“µÿπ—È𠧫“¡®√‘ß·≈⫇ªìπ§”Õ∏‘∫“¬ Ú ¥â“π
§«“¡§‘¥π’È¡’„π™¡æŸ∑«’ª¡“°àÕππ“π ®÷߉¥â·°à ¥‘π πÈ” ≈¡ ‰ø ‡À¡◊Õ𧫓¡ ¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘߇¥’¬«°—π. ‡√◊ËÕßπ’È

°’√µ‘ ∫ÿ≠‡®◊Õ
˜Ù˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
À≈—ß®“° ¡—¬‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¡“·≈â«°Á
‰¡à Ÿâ®–¡’ºŸâ‡¢â“„® „§√§‘¥‡™àππ’È¡—°®–
∂Ÿ°‡¬“–‡¬â¬·≈–∂Ÿ°«‘®“√≥å«“à ¢—¥·¬âß„π
µ—«. ‡√“‡æ‘Ëß®–‡√‘Ë¡µ√–Àπ—°∂÷ߧ«“¡
 ”§—≠¢Õ߇√◊ËÕßπ’È°—πÕ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß °ÁµàÕ
‡¡◊Ë Õ ‰¥â »÷ ° …“ª√— ™ ≠“¿“…“°— π Õ¬à “ ß
‡æ’¬ßæÕ·≈â« ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß°“√
»÷ ° …“«‘ ™ “Õ√√∂ª√‘ « √√µ»“ µ√å „ π
ªí®®ÿ∫—π. Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ µâÕßπ—∫«à“
ª√— ™ ≠“¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘   ‡√‘Ë ¡ ®–¡’
∫∑∫“∑‡¢â¡¢âπ„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ·≈–‡™◊ËÕ‰¥â
«à“®–¡’∫∑∫“∑¡“°¢÷Èπ„πÕπ“§µÕ—π
„°≈â.
‡ø√‡¥Õ√‘° ‚§‡æ≈ ∑—π (Frede-
rick Copleston 1907-1994) ™’È„Àâ
 —߇°µÕ’°ª√–‡¥ÁπÀπ÷Ëß«à“‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ-
§≈‘  欓¬“¡ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡§«“¡
§ßµ—«¢Õßæ“√凡‡πÕ¥‘ °—∫°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π
·ª≈ߢÕ߇Œ‡√Õ§≈“¬‡∑‘   ÕÕ°¡“
‡ªìπ∑ƒ…Æ’∏“µÿ Ù ´÷Ëߧߵ—«„π√–¥—∫
∏“µÿ·∑â, ·µà‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉¥â„π√–¥—∫
∏“µÿ º  ¡‚¥¬°“√√«¡·≈–°“√·¬°
√–À«à“ß∏“µÿ·∑â °“√√«¡µ—«·≈–·¬°
ÕÕ°®“°°— π √–À«à “ ß∏“µÿ · ∑â ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π
µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ À“°‰¥âµ√÷°µ√ÕßµàÕ‰ªÕ’°
𑥇¥’¬«°Á®–‡¢â“∂÷ß∑ƒ…Æ’Õ–µÕ¡¢Õß
¥‘¡“‡§√Õ‡∑‘ Ò.
™’«µ‘
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  ‡°‘¥„ππ§√√—∞
Õ“°√–°—  (Acragas) ´÷Ëß¿“¬À≈—ß
¡’™◊ËÕµ“¡¿“…“≈–µ‘π«à“ ·Õ‡°√Õ‡®π
‡∑‘¡ (Agrigentum) ·≈–™“«Õ‘µ“‡≈’¬π
‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ Õ“°√’‡®π‚µ (Agrigento)
¡“®π∑ÿ°«—ππ’È Õ¬Ÿà√‘¡∑–‡≈Ωíòß„µâ¢Õß
‡°“–´‘´‘≈’.
π§√√— ∞ Õ“°√–°—   °à Õ µ—È ß ¢÷È π „π
°.§.». ı¯ ‚¥¬™“«°√’°‡ºà“‚¥‡√’¬π
´÷Ë ß ·¬°µ— « ¡“®“°Õ“≥“π‘ § ¡‡°‡≈Õ
(Gela) ´÷ßË ™“«‡°“–‚√¥ å (Rhodes) ¡“
°àÕµ—È߉«âµ—Èß·µà °.§.». ˜ÒÛ µ—«‡¡◊Õß
Õ“°√–°— µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∫πÀπ⓺“ Ÿß¡’·¡àπÈ”
‰À≈ºà“π ¡Õß¡“∑“ß„µâ®–‡ÀÁπÀÿ∫‡¢“
≈“¥µË”≈߇∫◊ÈÕßÀπⓉª Ÿà∑’Ë√“∫ ‰°≈
ÕÕ°‰ª‡≈Á°πâÕ¬¡’‡π‘πµË”Ê ´÷Ëß™—π¥‘Ëß
≈ß ŸàΩíòß∑–‡≈‡¡¥‘‡µÕ√å‡√‡π’¬π µ—È߇ªìπ
π§√√—∞‰¥â‰¡àπ“π Õ“°√–°— °Áµ°Õ¬Ÿà
„µâ√–∫Õ∫∑√√“™ ‡√‘Ë¡‚¥¬°…—µ√‘¬å·ø-
‡≈Õ√‘  (Phalaris §Õ. °.§.». ıˆı -
ıÙ˘) ∑√ß„™âÕ”π“®Õ¬à“ß‚À¥‡À’Ȭ¡
∑“√ÿ ≥ √— ™  ¡— ¬ ¢Õß°…— µ √‘ ¬å ∏’ √— π
(Theron §Õ. °.§.». Ù¯¯ - Ù˜Ú)
π—∫‡ªìπ¬ÿ§∑ÕߢÕßπ§√√—∞Õ“°√–°—  ¥‘ π ·¥πÕ◊Ë π Ê ∑—È ß À¡¥¢Õß™“«°√’ °
‡¡◊ÕË ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ Õ“¬ÿ‰¥âª√–¡“≥ ÒÚ
¢«∫„πªï °.§.». Ù¯ Õ“°√–°— ¬°
∑—扪√ÿ°√“π·≈– “¡“√∂√∫™π–™“«
§“√å‡∂® (Carthaginians) ‰¥â¢â“∑“  ‰ª‡Õ∑‡πÕ°Á‡™◊ËÕ°—π«à“‡ªìπ§∫‡æ≈‘ß∑’Ë
·≈–∑√—æ¬å ‘π¡“∫”√ÿß∫â“π‡¡◊Õß¡“°
 “¡“√∂°àÕ √â“ß∂“«√«—µ∂ÿ‰«â‡ªìπ»√’
·°àπ§√√—∞¡“°¡“¬ «‘À“√ à«π¡“°§ß
‰¥â √â“ß·≈–µ°·µàßÕ¬à“ßÀ√ŸÀ√“∑’Ë ÿ¥
„π√–¬–π’È »‘≈ª«‘∑¬“°“√®÷߇®√‘≠π”
Àπâ“π§√√—∞Õ◊ËπÊ æ‘π‡µÕ√å (Pinter
°.§.». ıÚÚ ? - ÙÚ¯ ?) ∂÷ß°—∫™¡
«à“‡ªìππ§√∑’ßË ¥ß“¡∑’ Ë ¥ÿ „π‡¡◊Õß¡πÿ…¬å
·µà·≈â«°Áæ“°—π≈◊¡µ—« ‡æ‘°‡©¬≈–‡≈¬
°“√Ωñ°∑À“√. „πªï °.§.». Ùˆ
(À≈—ß®“°‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ µ“¬ª√–¡“≥
Úˆ ªï) °Á‡ ’¬‡¡◊Õß·°à§“√å‡∂®‚¥¬∂Ÿ°
ª≈âπ ¥¡¿å·≈–‡º“‰¥â√∫— §«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬
¡“° µàÕ®“°π—Èπ°Á‰¡àøóôπµ—«Õ’°.
„π ¡—¬¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  ∫π
˜Ù¯
‡π‘πÀπâ“π§√¡’«À‘ “√ ˆ À≈—ß  √â“ß·∫∫
‚¥‡√’¬π∑—Èß ‘Èπ√Ÿâ™◊ËÕ‡ªìπ¿“…“≈–µ‘πÕ¬Ÿà
ı À≈—ߧ◊Õ Hephrastus, Dioscuri,
Heracles, Juno Lacinia, Olympi-
cion ¡’Õ¬ŸàÀ≈—ßÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë„À≠à‡ªìπ∑’Ë Õß
¢Õß«‘À“√°√’° √Õß®“°«‘À“√Õ“√å‡∑Õ-
‡¡‘   ·Àà ß ‡Õ‡øÕ‡ ‘   (Artemis of
Ephesus) π— ∫ ‰¥â «à “ Õ“°√–°—   ‡ªì π
»Ÿπ¬å√«¡∑’Ë ”§—≠·ÀàßÀπ÷ËߢÕß∏“µÿ∑—Èß
Û ¢Õß»“ π“°√’° §◊Õ∏“µÿ§«“¡°≈—«
∏“µÿ§«“¡Õ¿‘√¡¬å·≈–∏“µÿ§«“¡≈÷°≈—∫2.
™“«°√’°¬Õ¡√—∫°—π∑—Ë«‰ª«à“‡°“–´‘´‘≈’
‡ªìπ∫â“π‡°‘¥‡¡◊ÕßπÕπ¢Õ߇∑æ’´’√‘ 
·≈–∏‘¥“‡æÕ√凴‚øπ‘¢Õ߇∏Õ Õ“®‡ªìπ
‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ‡æ√“– ¡—¬π—Èπ‡°“–´‘´‘≈’‡ªìπ
ÕŸà¢â“«ÕŸàπÈ” ¡’∏—≠æ◊™Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å°«à“
°≈“߇°“–¡’ ∑ÿà ß À≠â “ ∑’Ë ∂◊ Õ °— π «à “ ‡ªì π
 ∂“π∑’Ë∑’ˬ¡∫“≈‡Œ¥‘ ≈—°µ—«‡∑æ∏‘¥“
‡æÕ√凴‚ø𑉪‡ªìπ√“™‘π¬’ ¡‚≈° ¿Ÿ‡¢“
‡∑æ’´’√‘ ®ÿ¥¢÷Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ§âπÀ“∏‘¥“ πÕ°
®“°π—Èπ≈—∑∏‘ÕÕ√å‡øﬠ·≈–≈—∑∏‘‰æ·∑
‡°Õ‡√‘ °Á·ºàÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈¡“Õ¬à“ßßà“¬¥“¬.
‰¡à¡’À≈—°∞“π ”À√—∫™’È¢“¥ªï‡°‘¥
¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  ·µà°Á¡’À≈—°∞“π
®”π«π¡“°∑’Ë „ ™â § “¥§–‡π‰¥â æ Õ
ª√–¡“≥ ‡™àπ ·Õ‡√‘ ‚∑‡∑‘≈ (Aristotle
°.§.». Û¯Ù - ÛÚÚ) ¬◊π¬—π«à“‡Õ¡
‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  ‘Èπ™’«‘µ≈߇¡◊ËÕÕ“¬ÿ ˆ ªï
Õ擇≈Õ‚¥‡√‘ ·Àà߇Շ∏π å (Apollo-
dorus of Athens ».µ. Ú °.§.».)
Õâ“ß«à“‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ √ÿàß‚√®πå√–À«à“ß
»—°√“™‚Õ≈’¡æ‘° ∑’Ë ¯Ù (°.§.». ÙÙÙ
- ÙÙÒ) ·≈–‰¥â‰ª∑—»π“®√‡¡◊Õ߇∏Õ-
√‘Õ“¬ (Thurrii Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈„µâ
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  π—°ª√—™≠“·Ààß∏“µÿ Ù

‡π‡ªî≈≈ß¡“) ¢≥–∑’ˇæ‘Ëß°àÕµ—Èß„À¡àÊ
(ª√–¡“≥ °.§.». ÙÙı - ÙÙÙ) ·Õ
‡√‘ ‚∑‡∑‘≈¬—ß°≈à“«Õ’°«à“‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  æ÷Ëßæ“Õ“»—¬¢Õߧπ∑—Ë«‰ª ·¡â
Õ“¬ÿÕàÕπ°«à“·Õ·π°·´‡°Õ‡√‘  ´÷Ëß
∏’ ‡ ÕÕ·ø√ ‡∑‘   ‡ √‘ ¡ «à “ Õà Õ π°«à “ π‘ ¥
ÀπàÕ¬‡∑à“π—Èπ ¡’À≈—°∞“ππà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥â
«à“·Õ·π°·´‡°Õ‡√‘ ‡°‘¥„π√“« °.§.».
ı ®÷߇ªìπÕ—π«à“‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¡’
Õ“¬ÿ‰≈à‡√’¬Ë °—∫‚æ√·∑‡°Õ‡√‘ ·Ààß·Õ∫-
¥’‡√Õ (Protagoras of Abdera °.§.».
Ù¯ ? - ÙÒ ?) ‡æ‡√Õ§≈‘   Àπ÷Ëß ‰¡à„™àÕ¬à“ß “¡—≠™π ∑ÿ°
(Pericles °.§.». Ù˘ı ? - ÙÚ˘ ?)
´“‡øÕ§≈‘  (Sophocles °.§.». Ù˘ˆ
- Ùˆ) ´“‡§√Õ∑‘  (Socrates °.§.».
Ù˜ - Û˘˘) ·≈–¬ÿ√’‡æÕ¥‘  (Euri-
pides °.§.». Ù¯Ù ? - Ùˆ).
À≈—°∞“π√ÿπà À≈—ß∫—π∑÷°‰«â«“à ‡Õ¡-
‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡ªìπ»‘…¬åæ“√凡‡πÕ¥‘  ´÷Ëß
°Á§ß®–®√‘߉¡à∑“ßµ√ß°Á∑“ßÕâÕ¡ Õ¬à“ß
πâÕ¬°Á√§Ÿâ «“¡§‘¥¢Õßæ“√凡‡πÕ¥‘  ¢Õß
 ”π—°‰¡≈’‡∑‘  ·≈–¢Õß ”π—°‰æ·∑-
‡°Õ‡√‘ .
‡¡◊ËÕ°…—µ√‘¬å∑√√“™ ∏’√—π «√√§µ
„π °.§.». Ù˜Ú (¢≥–π—Èπ‡Õ¡‡æ-
‡¥Õ§≈‘   ¡’ Õ “¬ÿ ‰ ¥â ª √–¡“≥ Ú ªï )
Õ“°√–°—   °Á ‡ ª≈’Ë ¬ π°“√ª°§√Õß¡“
‡ªìπª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬¿“¬„µâ°“√π”¢Õß
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  ª√–™“™πµâÕß°“√¬°
∑à“π¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ°…—µ√‘¬å ·µà∑à“π‰¡à¬Õ¡
√—∫µ”·Àπàß ∑à“π‡ÕßµàÕ¡“¿“¬À≈—ß
‰¥â∫—π∑÷°§«“¡∑√ß®”∂÷ß ¡—¬∑’Ë∑à“π
‡ªìπ¢«—≠„®¢Õߪ√–™“™π‰«â«“à
 À“¬∑’Ë√—°∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ∑à“π
Õ“»— ¬ Õ¬Ÿà „ π‡¡◊ Õ ß„À≠à ¢ Õßπ§√
√— ∞ Õ— π µ—È ß Õ¬Ÿà ∫ π∑’Ë  Ÿ ß ‡¥à π ‡Àπ◊ Õ
°’√µ‘ ∫ÿ≠‡®◊Õ
 “¬πÈ” ’∑ÕߢÕß·¡àπȔՓ°√–°—  ∑’‡Ë Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¡’Õ“¬ÿ‰¥âª√–¡“≥ Ù¯
∑à“πª√–°Õ∫·µà°√√¡¥’ ‡ªìπ∑’Ë
§πµà “ ߥ⠓ « ∑à “ π°Á ¬— ß ¡’ § «“¡
‡§“√æ ∑à“π‰¡à‡§¬°√–∑”§«“¡
™—Ë«√â“¬Õ—π„¥‡≈¬ ¢â“懮ⓢՠàß
§«“¡§‘ ¥ ∂÷ ß ¡“¬— ß æ«°∑à “ π
¢≥–∑’Ë ¢â “ 懮⠓ Õ¬Ÿà ∑à “ ¡°≈“ß
æ«°∑à“π æ«°∑à“π‰¥â„À⇰’¬√µ‘
¢â “ 懮⠓ ª√–Àπ÷Ë ß ‡∑æ∫ÿ µ √Õߧå
§π„À⇰’¬√µ‘¢â“懮ⓠ «¡ “¬
 –擬·≈–§≈â Õ ßæ«ß¡“≈— ¬ „Àâ
¢â “ 懮⠓ µ“¡∑’Ë ‡ ÀÁ 𠧫√ ‡¡◊Ë Õ
¢â“懮Ⓣª‡¬’ˬ¡‡¬’¬πª√–™“™π
µ“¡™π∫∑Õ—π°â“«Àπâ“∑—π ¡—¬
‰¥âæ∫ª–™“¬À≠‘ß µà“ßæ“°—π
„À⇰’¬√µ‘¢â“懮ⓠ櫰‡¢“¡“
À“¢â“懮⓰—π‡ªìπ‡√◊Õπæ—π ∫â“ß
°Á¢Õ§”·π–π”„π°“√‡≈◊Õ°∑“ß
ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥º≈¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ ∫â“ß°Á
µâÕß°“√„Àâ欓°√≥å ∑’˵âÕß°“√
§”·π–π”‡æ◊Ë Õ ∫”∫— ¥ ‚√§¿— ¬ ‰¢â
‡®Á ∫ π“π“™π‘ ¥ °Á ¡’ ‡æ√“–∑π
∑ÿ°¢å∑√¡“π¡“π“π·≈â«
æ√√§Õ¿‘ ™ π“∏‘ ª ‰µ¬À“∑“ß
°”®— ¥ ∑à “ π ®÷ ß ‡¡◊Ë Õ ∑à “ π‡¥‘ π ∑“߉ª
πÕ°π§√√—∞ ΩÉ“¬§â“π°ÁÀ“«‘∏’‡π√‡∑»
∑à“π‡ªìπº≈ ”‡√Á® ∫∑∫“∑∑“ß°“√
‡¡◊ÕߢÕß∑à“π°Á ‘Èπ ÿ¥≈ßµ—Èß·µà∫—¥π—Èπ.
°≈Õ‡§‘ ·Ààß√’‡¬’¬¡ (Glaucus of
Rhegium) Õâ“ß«à“∑à“π‡§¬‰ª∑’ˇ∏Õ√å√‘
Õ“¬(Thurrii) Õ擇≈Õ‚¥‡√‘ ‡ √‘¡«à“
„π‚Õ°“ ∑’ˇ¡◊Õßπ’ȇæ‘Ëß°àÕµ—Èß„À¡àÊ π—Ëπ
§◊Õµ°„π√“« °.§.». ÙÙÙ Õ—π‡ªìπªï
˜Ù˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
ªï Õ“®‡ªìπ‰¥â«à“∑à“π∂Ÿ°·¬àßµ”·Àπàß
·≈–∂Ÿ°‡π√‡∑»„πµÕππ’ȇÕß. ∑à“π§ß
‰¥â„™â‡«≈“Õ¬Ÿà„π‡¡◊Õßπ’È™—Ë«√–¬–‡«≈“
Àπ÷Ë߇æ◊ËÕ —ß —π∑πå°—∫π—°ª√“™≠å ‡™àπ
‚æ√·∑‡°Õ‡√‘  (Protagoras) Œ‘√“
‡¥Õ‡∑‘  (Herodotus) œ≈œ. ≥ ∑’Ëπ’È
‡Õß∑à“π§ß‰¥â√®âŸ °— §” Õπ¢Õß≈—∑∏‘‰æ-
·∑‡°Õ‡√‘   ‡æ√“–‡ªì π ‡¡◊ Õ ßÀπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë
°”≈— ß Õ¬Ÿà ¿ “¬„µâ Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈¢Õß≈— ∑ ∏‘ ‰ æ
·∑‡°Õ‡√‘   Õ¬Ÿà ·≈–§ß‰¥â √Ÿâ ®— ° ≈— ∑ ∏‘
ÕÕ√å‡øﬠ¥â«¬ ‡æ√“–¡’ªÉ“™â“¢Õß≈—∑∏‘
ÕÕ√å‡øﬠլŸà„π‡¡◊Õßπ’È ´÷Ëßπà“®– —ππ‘
∞“π‰¥â«à“‡¡◊Õßπ’È¡’»Ÿπ¬åªØ‘∫—µ‘≈—∑∏‘π’È
Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬ ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ´÷Ë߇ªìπºŸâ π„®
À“§«“¡√Ÿ§â ߉¡à≈–‡≈¬‚Õ°“ ∑’®Ë –‡√’¬π√Ÿâ
‰«â‡ªìπ·πà. µàÕ®“°π—Èπ°Á§ß‡≈¬‰ª∂÷ß
π§√√—∞‚§√∑—πÕ—π‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢÕß
≈—∑∏‘‰æ·∑‡°Õ‡√‘  µàÕ®“°π—Èπ°Á‰ªµ—Èß
À≈—°·À≈àß∑’ˇæ‡≈Õ‡æÕπ’‡ ‘  (Pelo-
ponnesus) ∫πº◊π·ºàπ¥‘π„À≠à°√’°
®π∂÷ß·°à¡√≥°√√¡≈ß∑’Ëπ—Ë𠇧¬‰ª
∑—»π“®√∑’πË §√√—∞‚Õ≈’¡‡æ’¬§√—ßÈ Àπ÷ßË ≥
∑’Ëπ’ȇÕß∑à“π‰¥â„Àâπ—°¢—∫≈”π”™◊ËÕ §≈’
Õ“‡¡Õπ‘  (Cleomenes) ¢—∫≈”π”
∫∑ª√–æ—π∏å¢Õß∑à“π™◊ÕË Purifications
(«‘∏’∑”„À⮑µ„®ºàÕß·ºâ«) ‡æ◊ËÕ‡º¬·ºà
§«“¡§‘¥ Ÿªà √–™“™π. πÕ°®“°ª√—™≠“
·≈–»“ π“·≈â « ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘   ¬— ß
 π„®∏√√¡™“µ‘«‘∑¬“ °“√·æ∑¬å ·≈–
«‘™“°“√∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß ®÷ßπà“‡™◊ÕË «à“∑à“π‡ªìπ
·æ∑¬å · ≈–π— ° ®‘ µ «‘ ∑ ¬“¥â « ¬  ”π— °
·æ∑¬å · Àà ß ´‘ ´‘ ≈’ Õâ “ ß„π¿“¬À≈— ß «à “
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡ªìπºŸâ°àÕµ—Èß, ·µàπ—°
«‘®“√≥åªí®®ÿ∫—πÀ≈“¬§π¬—ߢâÕß„®„π
‡√◊ËÕßπ’ÈÕ¬Ÿà ºŸâ‡¢’¬π§‘¥«à“πà“®–¡’ à«π
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
®√‘ßÕ¬Ÿà¡“° ‡æ√“–∞“π∑“ß —ߧ¡¢Õß
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡Õ◊ÕÈ °“√µ—ßÈ  ”π—°·æ∑¬å
Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß πÕ°®“°π—Èπ ∑ƒ…Ø’ Ù ∏“µÿ
¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘   °Á   π— ∫  πÿ π °“√
·æ∑¬å·ºπ‚∫√“≥Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß Õ¬à“߉√
°Á µ “¡ºŸâ ‡ ≈◊Ë Õ ¡„ ‰¥â · µà ß ‡µ‘ ¡ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«
‡°’ˬ«°—∫∑à“π®π‡À≈◊Õ‡™◊ËÕ ∑”„Àâ°≈“¬
‡ªìπ𑬓¬¡“°°«à“™’«‘µ®√‘߉ª°Á¡“°.
µ”π“π‡°’¬Ë «°—∫‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  ®√‘ß∑’Ëπ§√ ‘≈“¬‡π‘ „πªï °.§.». Ùˆˆ
‰¥Õ“·®Õπ‘  ≈“‡Õ√凙’¬  √«∫√«¡‰«â
„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ ™’«–ª√–«—µ‘π—°ª√—™≠“ ∑’Ë
π—∫«à“‡¥àπÊ ¡’Õ¬Ÿà Û ‡√◊ËÕß §◊Õ
‰∑¡’‡Õ‘  (Timaeus of Tauro-
mentum »µ. Ù - Û °.§.».) ‡≈à“‰«â
«à“ ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π¡‘„Àâ≈¡æ“¬ÿæ—¥æ◊™º≈
‡ ’¬À“¬ ∑à“π„™âÀπ—ß≈“¢÷ß∫—ß≈¡‰«â¥«â ¬
Õ“§¡*. ‡√◊ËÕßπ’Èæ≈Ÿ∑“√å°°≈à“«‰«â‡æ’¬ß
«à“∑à“πÀ“«‘∏∫’ ß— ≈¡‡©æ“–µâπæ◊™∑’µË Õâ ß
∑–πÿ∂πÕ¡‡∑à“π—ÈπÛ.
‡Œ‡√Õ§≈“¬¥‘  (Heraclides) ‡≈à“
«à “ ∑à “ π “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ   µ√’ § πÀπ÷Ë ß
*Empedocles. Puriffications; DK, 31 B
112. çFriends, who dwell in the great
town on the cityûs heights, looking down
of yellow Agragas, you who are occu-
pied with good deeds, who are harbours
(of refuge) treating foreigners with re-
spect, and who are unacquainted with
wickedness: greeting. I go about among
you as an immortal god, no longer a
mortal, held in honour by all, as I seem
( to them to deserve), crowned with fil-
lets and flowing garlands. When I come
to them in their flourishing towns, to
men and women, I am honoured; and
they follow me in thousands, to inquire
where is the path of advantage, some
desiring oracles, while others ask to hear
a word of healing for their manifold
diseases, since they have long been
pierced with cruel painsé.
πÕππ‘ßË ‰¡àÀ“¬„®Õ¬Ÿ‰à ¥âπ“π∂÷ß Û «—π
∫“ߧπ®÷ß∂◊Õ«à“∑à“π “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ§π
µ“¬øóπô §◊π™’扥⥫⠬Ù.
π§√ ‘≈“¬‡π‘  (Selinus) ‡°‘¥‚√§
√–∫“¥‡æ√“–πÈ”„π·¡àπÈ”‡πà“ ∑à“π®÷ß
‰ª™à«¬‚¥¬«‘∏∑’ ¥πÈ”®“°·¡àπÈ”„°≈⇧’¬ß
Ú  “¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ√–∫“¬§«“¡‡πà“ÕÕ° ‚√§
√–∫“¥°Á ß∫≈߈. ‚√§√–∫“¥‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
·≈–¡’ ‡ À√’ ¬ ≠µ√“∑”¢÷È π ‡ªì π ∑’Ë √ –≈÷ °
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¡’ à«π™à«¬Õ¬à“߉√·≈–
·§à‰Àπ ‡√“‰¡à¡À’ ≈—°∞“π·πàπÕπ πÕ°
®“°§”∫Õ°‡≈à“¥—ß°≈à“«.
ß“ππ‘æπ∏å
∑’Ë·πàπÕπ¡’Õ¬Ÿà Ú ‡√◊ËÕß §◊Õ On
Nature («à“¥â«¬∏√√¡™“µ‘) ·≈– Pu-
rifications («‘∏∑’ ”®‘µ„®„ÀâºÕà ß·ºâ«) ∑—ßÈ
Ú ‡≈ࡇÀ≈◊Õ·µà‡»…π‘æπ∏å ·¡â∑à“π®–
‡ªìππ—°æŸ¥∑’Ë¡’≈Ÿ°»‘…¬å≈Ÿ°À“‡≈◊ËÕ¡„  ¡πÿ … ¬å §Ÿà · √°‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ∫π‚≈°‡À¡◊ Õ π
Õ¬à“߇™àπ °Õ√凰’¬  (Gorgias) ·µà°Á
·ª≈°∑’ˉ¡àª√“°Ø«à“‰¥â‡¢’¬πÕ–‰√‰«â
‡°’ˬ«°—∫Àπ—ß ◊Õ Ú ‡≈à¡π’È.
¡’Àπ—ß ◊Õ´÷Ëß¿“¬À≈—ß∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ
¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ Õ¬ŸàÀ≈“¬‡≈à¡ ‡™àπ
Expedition of Xerxes (°“√‡¥‘π∑—æ
¢Õß°…—µ√‘¬å‡´Õ√å ‘ ) Prooimion to
Apollo ( ¥ÿ¥’‡∑æÕæÕ≈‚≈) ‡≈à“°—π«à“
πâ Õ ß “«¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘   ‡º“‰ø
‡æ√“–√Ÿ‡â ∑à“‰¡à∂ß÷ °“√≥几’¬∑—ßÈ Ú ‡√◊ÕË ß.
Œ“¬‡ÕÕ√“‡πÕ‡¡‘ ·Ààß‚√¥ å (Hiero-
nymus of Rhodes) Õâ “ ß«à “ ¡’ ∫ ∑
≈–§√¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ ÙÛ
‡√◊ÕË ß ·µà‡Œ‡√Õ§≈“¬¥‘  ‡≈¡∫—  (Hera-
clides Lembos) Õâ“ß«à“‡ªìπ§πÕ◊Ëπ
‡¢’¬π∑—Èß ‘Èπ ‰¥Õ“‡®Õπ‘ Õâ“ß«à“¡’ß“π
˜ı
‡¢’¬π‡°’¬Ë «°—∫°“√·æ∑¬åª√–¡“≥ ˆ
∫√√∑—¥ ´÷Ëß “√∫∫´Ÿ‡¥Õ °Á√—∫√Õß«à“¡’
®√‘߈ ·µà∑«à“Àπ—ß ◊Õµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë«à“¡“π’È
 Ÿ≠À“¬À¡¥·≈â« ‡À≈◊Õ·µà§”Õâ“ß∂÷ß
‡∑à“π—πÈ .
≈’≈“°“√‡¢’¬π
‡»…π‘æπ∏å¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡∑à“
∑’ˇÀ≈◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà ‡¢’¬π‡ªì𧔰≈Õπª√–‡¿∑
ˆ ®—ßÀ«– (hexameter) ∑—Èß ‘Èπ ≈’≈“
¢Õß∑à“πÕàÕπ™âÕ¬°«à“¢Õßæ“√凡‡πÕ
¥‘  ‰¡à√Ÿâ ÷°«à“µâÕßΩóπ≈’≈“‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß
§«“¡§‘¥∑’˵âÕß°“√‡≈¬. ∑à“π‡¢’¬π
‰¥â √ “«°— ∫ «à “ °≈Õπ·∫∫π’È ‡ À¡“–
 ”À√—∫· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥‰¥âÕ¬à“ß√“∫√◊πË ¥’
„™â°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫‰¥âÕ¬à“ß·π∫‡π’¬π
µ“¡·∫∫¢Õß‚Œ‡¡Õ√凪ìπ à«π¡“° ‡™àπ
Õà“«·Ààߧ«“¡√—° ΩíòߢÕß™’«‘µ ™’«‘µ∂Ÿ°
µ—¥®“°√à“߇À¡◊ÕππÈ”∂Ÿ°µ—¥®“°µ“πÈ”
ÀπàÕ‰¡âº¥ÿ ¢÷πÈ ®“°√—µµ‘°“≈ œ≈œ ·µà∑«à“
°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  ¡’
§«“¡À¡“¬≈÷°´÷Èßµ“¡æ◊Èπ∞“πª√—™≠“
¢Õß∑à“π ¥—ß¢âÕ —߇°µ¢Õß æ≈Ÿ∑“√å°
«à“ ç¡‘„™à§«“¡µ—Èß„®¢Õ߇¢“∑’Ë®–‡Õ“
‡π◊È Õ À“ª√–¥— ∫ „Àâ ‡ æ√“–æ√‘È ß ¥â « ¬§”
¢¬“¬À√ŸÊ ‡À¡◊Õπ™à“߇¢’¬π„™â ’·µâ¡
·µà ∑ «à “ ‡¢“∑”‡™à π π—È π ‡æ◊Ë Õ · ¥ß
 “√— µ ∂–À√◊ Õ  ¡√√∂π–‡©æ“–·µà ≈ –
‡√◊ÕË ßé**.
** Plutarch. Quaestiones Conviviales., 683
e. çIt is not his habit to decorate his
subject-matter, for the sake of fine writ-
ing, with pretty epithets like bright
colours, but rather to make each one
the expresssion of a particular essence
or potenceé.
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  π—°ª√—™≠“·Ààß∏“µÿ Ù

‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘   §ß‡¢â “ „®¥’ «à “
§«“¡§‘ ¥ ª√— ™ ≠“π—È π ®–æŸ ¥ „Àâ ‡ ¢â “ „®
µ√ßÊ ‰¥â¬“° ®÷ßÀ“«‘∏’æ≈‘°·æ≈ß查
‡√◊ËÕ߇¥’¬«°—π´È”„πÀ≈“¬Ê ·ßà ∂â“
‡ÀÁπ§«√°Á¬È”¢âÕ§«“¡‡¥‘¡Õ’°„πµÕπ
µàÕ‰ª ‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡°√–®à“ß·®â߬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ
¥— ß ∑’Ë ∑à “ π‡Õß·∂≈ßπ‚¬∫“¬‰«â «à “
ç‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕßÕ“®®–°≈à“«
‰¥â·¡â´”È  Õßé#.
Àπ—ß ◊Õ On Nature ‡¢’¬π∂÷ß
»‘…¬å™◊ËÕæÕ·´‡π’¬  (Pausanias) ®÷ß
¡’≈’≈“ —Ëß ÕπÕ¬à“ß π‘∑ π¡ ‚¥¬‡√‘Ë¡
µâπ«à“ 祟°àÕπæÕ·´‡π’¬  ºŸâ‡ªìπ∫ÿµ√
¢Õߪ√“™≠å·Õ𧓬∑‘ é.  à«π Pu-
rifications π—Èπ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ·∂≈ß°“√≥å
ª√–°“»„À♓«‡¡◊ÕßÕ“°√–°— ∑√“∫
∑—Ë«°—𠇪ìπ‡√◊ËÕ߇ªî¥‡º¬ ”À√—∫∫ÿ§§≈
∑—Ë«‰ª ‰¡à≈—∫‡©æ“–‡À¡◊Õπ‡√◊ËÕß·√°
®÷߇À¡◊Õπ°—∫‰æ·∑‡°Õ‡√‘ ∑’ˇªî¥‡º¬
‡√◊Ë Õ ß°“√‡«’ ¬ π«à “ ¬µ“¬‡°‘ ¥ ·≈–«‘ ∏’
ªØ‘∫—µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ°“√À≈ÿ¥æâπ·°à§π∑—Ë«‰ª.
 à«π‡√◊ÕË ß«‘™“°“√‡°’¬Ë «°—∫§≥‘µ»“ µ√å
·≈–ª∞¡∏“µÿ √Ÿâ °— π ‡©æ“–„πÀ¡Ÿà »‘ … ¬å
„°≈♑¥®√‘ßÊ ‡∑à“π—Èπ.
 ”π«π¿“…“
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  π„®∑—ßÈ ‡√◊ÕË ß  “√
·≈–‡√◊Ë Õ ß°“√À≈ÿ ¥ æâ π ¢Õß«‘ ≠ ≠“≥
∑ƒ…Ø’  “√¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ π”‰ª
 Ÿà¢âÕ √ÿª«à“∑ÿ° ‘Ë߇°‘¥®“°∏“µÿ Ù ·≈–
 ≈“¬µ—«≈߇ªìπ∏“µÿ Ù.  à«π∑ƒ…Ø’
‡√◊Ë Õ ß°“√À≈ÿ ¥ æâ π °≈— ∫ ¬◊ π ¬— π «à “ ¡’ ®‘ µ
Õ¡√√‰µ¬∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà摇»…°«à“
  “√ ∑ƒ…Ø’ · √°πà “ ®– √ÿ ª ‰¥â «à “
#
DK, 31 B 25 çFor what is right can well
be uttered even twice.é
°’√µ‘ ∫ÿ≠‡®◊Õ
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘   ∂◊ Õ ≈— ∑ ∏‘    “√π‘ ¬ ¡
 à«π∑ƒ…Ø’À≈—ßπà“®– √ÿª‰¥â«“à ‡Õ¡‡æ-
‡¥Õ§≈‘ ∂◊Õ≈—∑∏‘∑«‘π‘¬¡‚¥¬°”Àπ¥
„Àâ  “√¡’∫àÕ‡°‘¥®“°®‘µ. ‡√ÕπÕß
(Renan) „Àâ¢âÕ —߇°µ´÷Ëß°√–µÿâ𧫓¡
 π„®¢Õßπ—°«‘®“√≥åµÕà ¡“Õ¬à“ß¡“°«à“
ç‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘   ‰¡à ¥â Õ ¬°«à “ π— °
ª√—™≠“¬Õ¥‡¬’ˬ¡™“«°√’°°àÕπ´“‡§
√Õ∑‘ §π„¥‡≈¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√¬°¬àÕß«à“
‡ªì π ºŸâ °à Õ µ—È ß «‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å · ≈–‡ªì π ºŸâ
√‘‡√‘Ë¡Õ∏‘∫“¬‡Õ°¿æ¥â«¬°Æ°≈»“ µ√å
·µà∑«à“„πÕ’°·ßàÀπ÷ËߢÕß™’«‘µ 𑫇∑‘π
ºŸπâ ¥’È ‡Ÿ À¡◊Õπ®–¡’‚©¡Àπâ“∑’ Ë Õ߇ªìπ§“≈’
ÕÕ ‚µ√é˜✝ ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ πÕ°®“°®–
‰¥â™◊ËÕ«à“‡ªìπºŸâ√Õ∫√Ÿâ∑ÿ°¥â“π„π ¡—¬π—Èπ
·≈â« ∫ÿ§≈‘°¿“欗ߪ√“°Ø«à“¢—¥·¬âß
✝
Empédocle ne ceèdé à aucun ed ces
génies extraordinaies de la philosohie
grecque anté-socratique, qui furent les
vrais fondateurs de la science et de lû
explication mécanique de lùunivers. Par
dûautres côtés, ce Newton paraît doublé
dûun Cagliostro.é §“ ‘ÕÕ ‚µ√ (Count
Alessandro di Cagliostro) ™◊ËÕ®√‘ß«à“¬Ÿ
‡´ª‡´ ∫—≈´“‚¡ (Giuseppe Balsamo 1743-
1795) ‡°‘ ¥ ∑’Ë ª “·≈√å ‚ ¡ ª√–‡∑»Õ‘ µ “≈’
æàÕ·¡à¬“°®π®÷ß𔉪Ω“°‡ªìπ‡¥Á°«—¥ ¡’Àπâ“
∑’˙૬æ√–ª√ÿ߬“√—°…“§πªÉ«¬ ©«¬‚Õ°“  ·µà≈–·π«¡“·®ß‰«â¥—ßπ’È
À“§«“¡√Ÿ‡â °’¬Ë «°—∫‡§¡’·≈–‡¿ —™°√√¡®“°æ√–
·≈â«ÕÕ°‡¥‘π∑“ßÀ“§«“¡√Ÿâ‡æ‘Ë¡µ‘¡∑“߉ ¬
»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡≈àπ·√à·ª√∏“µÿ„π¥‘π·¥π°√’°
Õ’¬‘ªµå Õ“√“‡∫’¬ ‡ªÕ√凴’¬·≈–¡ÁÕ≈µ“ °≈—∫
¡“Õ‘µ“≈’Õ“â ßµ—««à“‡ªìπ¢ÿππ“ßµ”·Àπà߇§“πµå
·µàßß“π°—∫‚≈‡√π´“ ‡ø≈’ ™“π’ (Lorenza
Feliciani) ´÷Ëß®–‡ªìπºŸâ√à«¡ß“π‰ª∑—Ë«¬ÿ‚√ª
°Õ∫‚°¬‡ß‘π∑Õߥ⫬Õÿ∫“¬µà“ßÊ √«¡∑—Èß
°“√¢“¬¬“‡ πàÀå ¬“øóôπæ≈—ß·≈– ¡√√∂¿“æ
∂Ÿ°®—∫‡¢â“§ÿ°∫“ µ’¬å ≥ °√ÿߪ“√’  ·µàÀ≈ÿ¥
æâπ¡“‰¥â ∑’Ë ÿ¥∂Ÿ°®—∫∑’Ë°√ÿß‚√¡ ∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘π
ª√–À“√™’«‘µ ·µà‰¥â√—∫°“√≈¥‚∑…‡À≈◊Õ®”
§ÿ°µ≈Õ¥™’«‘µ.
˜ıÒ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
°—π„πµ—«Õ¬Ÿà¡“° §◊Õ ∑—Èß ß∫‡ ß’ˬ¡
‡®’¬¡µ—«·≈–‚ÕâÕ«¥¬°µπ, ∑—Èß à߇ √‘¡
·≈–≈∫≈â“ß≈—∑∏‘≈÷°≈—∫. π—°ª√–«—µ‘
ª√—™≠“·≈–π—°«‘®“√≥å®÷ß¡’§«“¡§‘¥
‡ÀÁ π ·µ°·¬°°— π ¡“°‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ √–∫∫
§«“¡§‘¥Õ—π·∑â®√‘ߢÕ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ .
·µà‡¥‘¡¡“ à«π¡“°§‘¥«à“‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ 
‡ª≈’Ë¬π§«“¡§‘¥ ®÷߉¥â¡’°“√·∫àß°“√
»÷ ° …“§«“¡§‘ ¥ ¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  
ÕÕ°‡ªìπ Ú √–¬– ‚¥¬¡’Àπ—ß ◊Õ Ú ‡≈à¡
‡ªìπÀ≈—°∞“π ”À√—∫»÷°…“§«“¡§‘¥
√–¬–≈–‡≈à¡. Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’
§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ‡™àππ’È°Á¬—ß¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ‰¡à
µ√ß°— π „π‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë «à “ ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  
‡¢’¬π‡≈ࡉÀπ°àÕπ‡≈ࡉÀπ∑’À≈—ß. „π
ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ—°«‘®“√≥å‡√‘Ë¡®–¡Õ߇ÀÁπ«à“
§«“¡§‘ ¥ ¢ÕßÀπ— ß  ◊ Õ Ú ‡≈à ¡ π’È ‰ ¡à
®”‡ªìπ®–µâÕߢ—¥·¬âß°—π®√‘ßÊ Õ“®®–
‡ªì 𠧫“¡§‘ ¥ Ú ‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õß√–∫∫
‡¥’ ¬ «°— π °Á ‰ ¥â À√◊ Õ ‰¡à  — ¡ æ— π ∏å ‡ ¢â “
√–∫∫°—π°Á‰¥â. ‡≈ࡉÀπ®–‡¢’¬π¢÷Èπ
°àÕπ‡≈ࡉÀπ‰¡à ”§—≠ ‡æ√“–«à“∑—Èß Ú
‡≈ࡇ √‘¡§«“¡§‘¥¢Õß°—π·≈–°—π„Àâ
§√∫∂â « π ‚¥¬‰¡à ®”‡ªì π ®–µâ Õ ß‡¢â “
√–∫∫°— π ºŸâ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π¢Õ¬°§«“¡‡ÀÁ π
∫’‡¥´å (J. Bidez)¯ §‘¥«à“ ‡Õ¡‡æ-
‡¥Õ§≈‘  ‡¢’¬π Purifications „π¢≥–
∑’™Ë «’ µ‘ °“√‡¡◊Õß°”≈—ß√ÿßà ‚√®πå„π∫â“π‡°‘¥
‡¡◊ÕßπÕπ¢Õßµπ  à«πÀπ÷Ëß∑’˙૬ àß
‡ √‘ ¡ §«“¡ ”‡√Á ® ∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß°Á §◊ Õ
∑à“π “¡“√∂· ¥ß„Àâª√–™“™π‡ÀÁπ
«à “ ∑à “ π ¡’ § « “ ¡ √Ÿâ ‡ ¥à π „ π ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß ∑’Ë
ª√–™“™π à«π¡“°µâÕß°“√ π—Ëπ§◊Õ
‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡¬’¬«¬“√—°…“‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫
‚ ¥ ¬ „ ™â ‰   ¬ » “   µ √å · ≈ – «‘ ∏’ ∑” „ Àâ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
«‘≠≠“≥‡ªìπÕ¡√√‰µ¬. ª√–™“™π
®÷߇µÁ¡„®„Àâ∑“à π‡ªìπºŸπâ ”Õ¬à“ßßà“¬¥“¬
¿“¬À≈— ß ‡¡◊Ë Õ ∂Ÿ ° ‡π√‡∑»·≈â « ®÷ ß ‡≈‘ °
º¬Õß·≈–ª≈ßÕπ‘ ® ®— ß ‡≈‘ ° ‡™◊Ë Õ
‰ ¬»“ µ√å·≈–Õ”π“®≈÷°≈—∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥,
„™â ‡ «≈“∑’Ë ‡ À≈◊ Õ À¡°¡ÿà π À“§«“¡®√‘ ß
‡°’¬Ë «°—∫∏√√¡™“µ‘, ®÷߇¢’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ On
Nature ‰«â„Àâ»…‘ ¬å§πâ §«â“µàÕ‰ª ∑’µË Õâ ß
°”™—∫„À⇰Á∫‰«â‡ªì𧫓¡≈—∫°Á‡æ√“–
‡ÀÁπ«à“‡ªì𧫓¡§‘¥„À¡à, Õ“®®–‰¡à
∂Ÿ°„®ª√–™“™π ®–‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬·°àµ—«
‡Õß·≈–»‘…¬å. ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  Ú ÀâÕß∑’Ë·¬°°—π‡¥Á¥¢“¥ ‡√◊ËÕß»“ π“
∂÷ß·°à¡√≥°√√¡·≈â«»‘…¬åæÕ·´‡π’¬  °Á ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß»“ π“ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß«‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å °Á
‡ÀÁπ«à“‰¡à¡’Õ—πµ√“¬·µàª√–°“√„¥ ®÷ß
‰¥â‡º¬·æ√à.
¥’≈ å (H. Diels)˘ ¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπµ√ß
°—π¢â“¡«à“ ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  ‡¢’¬π On
Nature ¢≥–‡√◊ÕßÕ”π“® ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
∑à“π “¡“√∂„™â°Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ∏‘∫“¬
‡Àµÿ°“√≥åµà“ßÊ ·≈–ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™âÕ¬à“ß
‰¥â º ≈ ∑—È ß „π°“√·æ∑¬å · ≈–∑“ß
«‘»«°√√¡ ‚¥¬∑’‰Ë  ¬»“ µ√剡àÕ“® Ÿ‰â ¥â,
™“«‡¡◊Õß®÷߬°¬àÕß„À⇪ìπºŸâπ” §√—Èπ
‡¡◊Ë Õ ∂Ÿ ° ‡π√‡∑»·≈â « °Á À— π Àπâ “ ‡¢â “
»÷°…“≈—∑∏‘≈÷°≈—∫‡ªìπ°“√¶à“‡«≈“ „π
∑’Ë ÿ¥°Á “¡“√∂‡¢â“∂÷ßÕ¬à“ß´“∫´÷Èß ®÷ß
‡¢’¬π Purifications ¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ°“√‡º¬
·æ√à¥â«¬§«“¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï„®.
·§√åπ (Otto Kern)Ò  π—∫ πÿπ
¥’≈ å‚¥¬°≈à“«‡ √‘¡«à“ ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  °Á‰¡à‡ÀÁ𧫓¡®”‡ªìπ∑’®Ë –µâÕߪ√– “π
‡√‘Ë¡µ‘¥„®≈—∑∏‘≈÷°≈—∫ ‡¡◊ËÕµÕπ‡¥‘π∑“ß
‰ª‡¡◊Õ߇∏Õ√å√‘Õ“¬ £÷Ë߇ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß
¢Õß≈—∑∏‘ÕÕ√å‡øﬠ.
‚√Àå¥ (E. Rohde)ÒÒ √‘‡√‘¡Ë ¡’§«“¡
‡ÀÁπ«à“ ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‰¡àπà“®–µâÕß
‡ª≈’¬Ë 𧫓¡§‘¥ ‡æ√“–ß“ππ‘æπ∏å∑ß—È Ú
‡√◊ËÕßπ—ÈπÕ“®®–¢—¥·¬âß°—π, ·µà°≈à“«
∂÷ߧπ≈–‡√◊ËÕß ‡À¡◊Õππ—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
„π ¡—¬¢Õ߇√“Õ“®®–À¡°¡ÿàπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫
°Ø‡°≥±å «‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å Õ ¬Ÿà ∑ÿ ° «— π
∏√√¡¥“, ·µà§√—Èπ∂÷ß«—πæ√–À√◊Õ«—π
Õ“∑‘µ¬å°ÀÁ π— ÀπⓇ¢â“«—¥À√◊Õ§‘¥∂÷߇√◊ÕË ß
∏—¡¡–∏—¡‚¡‡ ’¬∑’ ‡¢“®÷ß¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ‡√◊ËÕß
‡Àπ◊Õ∏√√¡™“µ‘°—∫‡√◊ËÕßµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘
‡§’¬ß¢â“ß°—π„π ¡ÕߢÕ߇¢“.
‡¥Õ≈—µ (A. Delatte)ÒÚ §‘¥«à“π—°
ª√“™≠åª√–‡¿∑‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¡’ ¡Õß
‡√◊ËÕß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ‰¡à‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—π,
®÷߉¡à®”‡ªìπ®–µâÕß¡’°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π§«“¡
§‘¥·µàª√–°“√„¥, ·µà¡’§«“¡§‘¥∑—Èß Ú
‡√◊ËÕß„π‡«≈“‡¥’¬«°—π ‡¡◊ËÕµâÕß°“√查
∂÷߇√◊ËÕß„¥°Á查µ“¡·π«¢Õ߇√◊ËÕßπ—Èπ.
¥Õ¥ å (E. R. Dodds)ÒÛ °≈à“«
‡ √‘¡§«“¡§‘¥¢Õ߇¥Õ≈—µ«à“ ç ‘Ëß∑’Ë
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  ¢“¥°Á§Õ◊ §«“¡æ¬“¬“¡
∑’Ë ® – — ß ‡§√“–Àå § «“¡§‘ ¥ ∑“ß»“ π“
·≈–∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å¢Õ߇¢“‡¢â“¥â«¬
°—πé.
«≈“µÕ  (G. Vlatos)ÒÙ ™’È·®ß
Õ¬à“ßµ√߉ªµ√ß¡“«à“ §«“¡§‘¥ Ú ‡√◊ÕË ß
¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¢—¥·¬âß°—πÕ¬à“ß®—ß
‰¡à ¡’ ∑ “ß®–ª√–π’ ª √–πÕ¡‡¢â “ ‡ªì π
√–∫∫‡¥’¬«°—π‰¥â, ·µà ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  °Ÿ∏√‘ (W. Guthrie)Ò˜ ¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ
‡¢â “ ‡ªì π √–∫∫‡¥’ ¬ «°— π ‡æ√“–‡ªì π
§π≈–‡√◊ËÕß.
∫’‚≠‡π (E. Bignone)Òı ‡ªìπ§π
·√°∑’ˇ πÕ§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“‰¡àπà“®–µâÕß
¡’§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß°—π„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ Ú ‡√◊ËÕß
¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  ‡æ√“–‡√“Õ“®®–
˜ıÚ
‡¢â“„®∑—ßÈ Ú ‡√◊ÕË ß‰¥â¿“¬„π√–∫∫§«“¡
§‘¥‡¥’¬«°—π. ‡¡◊ËÕ§‘¥∂÷ߢâÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß∑’Ë
«à“™“«°√’°„π ¡—¬¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ 
‡ªì π π— ° ª√–π’ ª √–πÕ¡‚¥¬ª°µ‘ «‘  — ¬
Õ¬Ÿà·≈â« ¥—ß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°°“√π—∫∂◊Õ
»“ π“·≈–°“√√—∫Õ“√¬∏√√¡¥â“πÕ◊πË Ê
‡¢â“¡“ª√– “π°≈¡°≈◊π°—∫¢Õ߇¥‘¡
¢ÕßµπÕ¬à“ß·π∫‡π’¬π, ‡√“®÷ßπà“®–
§‘ ¥ «à “ ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘   ®–µâ Õ ß√Ÿâ ®— °
ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡‰¥â ·∑π∑’Ë®–ª≈àÕ¬‰«â
„Àâ ‡ ªì 𠧫“¡§‘ ¥ ∑’Ë ¢— ¥ ·¬â ß À√◊ Õ ‰¡à
 —¡æ—π∏å°—π„π ¡Õß ‡æ√“–‡√“ —߇°µ
‰¥â«à“‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡Õ“®√‘߇Փ®—ß°—∫
‡√◊ËÕß∑—Èß Õ߉¡à¬‘ËßÀ¬àÕπ°«à“°—π‡≈¬.
§√—π´å (W. Kranz)Òˆ ‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡
«à“ §«“¡¢—¥·¬âß„ππ‘æπ∏å Ú ‡√◊ËÕßπ’È
‡ªì𧫓¡¢—¥·¬âß„π≈’≈“¢Õß°“√·µàß
·≈– ”π«π‚«À“√Õ— π ‡π◊Ë Õ ß¡“®“°
Õÿªπ‘ —¬„®§Õ·≈–Õ“√¡≥å¢Õ߇ա‡æ
‡¥Õ§≈‘ „π¢≥–·µàß¡“°°«à“®–‡ªìπ
°“√¢— ¥ ·¬â ß „𧫓¡§‘ ¥ §√— π ´å ‡ ™◊Ë Õ
µ“¡∫’‡¥´å«à“‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡¢’¬π‡√◊ËÕß
Purifications °àÕπ ‡æ√“–„ππ‘æπ∏å
‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȺŸâ‡¢’¬π¡’Õ“√¡≥å√ÿπ·√ß Àπ—°
·πàπ ¡—Ëπ„® ∑–‡¬Õ∑–¬“π ·≈–§«“¡
°√–µ◊ Õ √◊ Õ √— π Õ— 𠇪ì π Õ“√¡≥å ¢ Õߧπ
Àπÿ¡à .  à«π‡√◊ÕË ß On Nature π—πÈ ‡¢’¬π
¥â«¬ ”π«π¢Õߧπª≈ßµ°·≈â«.
«à“°“√∂°‡∂’¬ßªí≠À“π’¡È §’ «“¡≈”‡Õ’¬ß
Õ¬Ÿà„πµ—« ‡æ√“–¢≥–π’ȇ√“‰¡à¡’Àπ—ß ◊Õ
Ú ‡≈à¡π’È ”À√—∫‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«“¡§‘¥
°—π‰¥â, ‡√“¡’·µà‡»…π‘æπ∏å°√–∑àÕπ
°√–·∑àπ ·≈–‰¡à¡’Õ–‰√®–™’È¢“¥‰¥â«à“
‡»…π‘ æ π∏å „ ¥¡“®“°Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ‡≈à ¡ „¥
‡æ√“–Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ∑’Ë Õâ “ ßÕ‘ ß ‡»…π‘ æ π∏å
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  π—°ª√—™≠“·Ààß∏“µÿ Ù

‡À≈à“π’ȉ«â à«π¡“°‰¡à‰¥â∫Õ°«à“‡Õ“¡“
®“°‡≈à¡„¥, π—°√«∫√«¡®÷ß„™â«‘∏’µ—Èß
¡“µ√°“√µ—¥ ‘π¢÷Èπ°àÕπ·≈â«®÷ß®—¥‡»…
π‘æπ∏凪ìπ Ú °≈ÿࡵ“¡¡“µ√°“√∑’Ë
«“߉«â. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‡™àππ’È®–„™â°≈ÿࡇ»…
π‘ æ π∏å ∑’Ë · ∫à ß ‰«â ‡ ªì π À≈— ° µ— ¥  ‘ π Õ–‰√
‰¡à‰¥â πÕ°®“°æ‘®“√≥“√à«¡°—π‰ª
¥—ߧ”«‘®“√≥å¢Õß °Ÿ∏√‘«à“
*°àÕπÕ◊πË ∑—ßÈ À¡¥µâÕ߉¡à≈¡◊
«à“ ¡’¢âÕÕâ“ßÕ‘ßπâÕ¬¢âÕ‡À≈◊Õ‡°‘π
∑’Ë∫àÕ‡°‘¥¢Õ߇√“°”À𥉫â«à“§—¥
≈Õ°¡“®“°°≈Õπ‡≈à ¡ „¥ π— °
√«∫√«¡ ¡—¬„À¡à à«π¡“°·∫àß
‡»…π‘æπ∏åÕÕ°‡ªìπ 2 °≈ÿࡵ“¡
æ◊Èπ∞“π∑’ˇ¢“°”À𥉫â≈à«ßÀπâ“
«à“ ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“Õ¬à“߉√®÷ß®–‡À¡“–
 ¡°— ∫ °≈Õπ‡≈à ¡ „¥ ¥— ß π—È π ®÷ ß
°≈à “ «‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ߉¡à ‡ °‘ π ‡Àµÿ «à “
æ«°‡¢“ √â“ß°≈Õπ¢Õ߇ա‡æ
‡¥Õ§≈‘   ¢÷È π ¡“„À¡à ‡ æ◊Ë Õ æ‘  Ÿ ® πå
§«“¡§‘¥¢Õßµπ‡Õß.
 √ÿª
ºŸâ‡¢’¬π¢Õ √ÿªª√–‡¥Áπ«à“ ‡Õ¡-
‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘   ‰¥â ‡ ¢’ ¬ 𧔰≈Õπ¢÷È π Ú
‡√◊ÕË ß®√‘ßµ“¡™◊ÕË ‡√◊ÕË ß∑’¡Ë À’ ≈—°∞“π∫à߉«â
§◊Õ On Nature («à“¥â«¬∏√√¡™“µ‘) ·≈–
Purifications («‘∏’∑”®‘µ„®ºàÕß·ºâ«)
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°¢≥–π’È ‡ √“‰¡à ¡’ À π— ß  ◊ Õ Ú
‡≈à¡π’ÈÕ¬à“ߧ√∫∂â«π ·≈–‡»…π‘æπ∏å
‡∑à“∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà à«π¡“°‰¡à∑√“∫‰¥â«à“¡“
®“°‡≈à¡„¥ °“√»÷°…“ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇ա-
‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ®÷ߧ«√»÷°…“·∫∫欓¬“¡
 √â“ß√–∫∫§«“¡§‘¥ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇ա-
°’√µ‘ ∫ÿ≠‡®◊Õ
‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¢÷Èπ¡“‚¥¬Õ“»—¬À≈—°∞“π
‡∑à“∑’ˇ√“¡’Õ¬Ÿà ºŸâ‡¢’¬π‡™◊ËÕ«à“‡Õ¡‡æ-
‡¥Õ§≈‘ §ß‰¡à¬Õ¡„À⡧’ «“¡§‘¥¢—¥·¬âß
„πµ—«¥—ß∑’Ë∫“ß§π§‘¥ ‡æ√“–∑à“πÕ¬Ÿà
„π ¡—¬∑’Ëπ—°ª√“™≠å¡’À≈—°µ√√°«‘∑¬“
æÕ ¡§«√·≈â « ∂â “ ∑à “ π®–‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π
§«“¡§‘¥‰ª∫â“ß°Á§ß‰¡à∂÷ß°—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ
·π«§«“¡§‘¥‡ªìπµ√ß°—π¢â“¡‰ª ∑—Èßπ’È
°Á‡æ√“–«à“°“√ ◊ËÕ “√ ¡—¬‚∫√“≥‡ªìπ
‰ªÕ¬à“ߙⓡ“° π—°ª√“™≠å‚∫√“≥®÷ß
‰¡à ‡ ª≈’Ë ¬ 𧫓¡§‘ ¥ ‡√Á « ‡À¡◊ Õ ππ— °
ª√“™≠å„π ¡—¬¢Õ߇√“ ®√‘ßÕ¬Ÿà‡Õ¡‡æ-
‡¥Õ§≈‘   ‰¥â § «“¡√Ÿâ ‡ æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ ®“°°“√
‡¥‘π∑“߉ª∑’ˇ∏Õ√å√‘Õ“¬ ·µàºŸâ‡¢’¬π
‡™◊ËÕ«à“§ß‰¡à‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ‡æ’¬ßæÕ„À⇙◊ËÕ
‰¥â«“à ®–µâÕß¡’°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·π«§«“¡§‘¥
‡æ√“–≈—∑∏‘≈÷°≈—∫π—Èπ¡‘„™à«à“®–‰¡à¡’„π
π§√√—∞Õ“°√–°— ¢Õß∑à“π ∑à“π®÷ßπà“
®–‰¥â‡æ’¬ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡·≈–¡’
ª√– ∫°“√≥å°«â“ߢ«“ß¡“°¢÷πÈ ‡∑à“π—πÈ .
Õ“®‡ªìπ‰¥â«à“ ∑’ˇա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ 
§‘¥«à“‡ªìπ√–∫∫§«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë°≈¡°≈◊π
°— π ·≈â «  ¡— ¬ π’È Õ “®æ∫«à “ ¡’ · ßà ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à
°≈¡°≈◊π°—π®√‘ß. ‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȇªìπ∏√√¡¥“
„π√–∫∫ª√—™≠“¢Õß∑ÿ°§π ‡√◊ËÕß„π
 ¡—¬‚∫√“≥∑’Ë√ŸâÀ≈—°µ√√°«‘∑¬“πâÕ¬
°«à“ ¡—¬π’È §«“¡º‘¥æ≈“¥®÷߇ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß
∏√√¡¥“, ·≈–·¡â«à“ ¡—¬π’È®–¡’À≈—°
µ√√°«‘∑¬“∑’Ë°â“«Àπâ“¢÷Èπ¡“°·≈â« °Á
„™à«à“®–‰¡à¡’§«“¡∫°æ√àÕß„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’È
Õ’°µàÕ‰ª. ¬‘Ëß°«à“π—Èππ—°«‘®“√≥å„π
 ¡—¬π’È∫“ß∑’°Á¡’Õ§µ‘µàÕ§π‚∫√“≥¡“°
‡°‘π‰ª ∫“ß∑’°Áæ∫§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß„π∑’Ë
´÷Ë߉¡à¡’§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß®√‘ß. ¥—ßπ—Èπ∂â“
¬—߉¡à·πà„®«à“¡’§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß®√‘ß ºŸâ
‡¢’ ¬ 𧑠¥ «à “ „Àâ   ¡¡µ‘ «à “ ‰¡à ¡’ ·≈â «
˜ıÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
欓¬“¡»÷°…“¥Ÿ«à“¡’§«“¡°≈¡°≈◊π
°—πÕ¬à“߉√‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ‚¥¬∂◊ÕÀ≈—°«à“
∂Ⓣ¡à·πà„®«à“∫°æ√àÕß®√‘ß °Á„À⬰
º≈ª√–‚¬™πå„Àâ·°à‡®â“¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß.
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ∂â“®–¡’§«“¡¢—¥
·¬âß∫â“ß„π§” Õπ¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ 
‚¥¬∑’Ë∑à“π‰¡à‰¥â ”π÷°, ºŸâ‡¢’¬π°Á‡™◊ËÕ
«à“§ß‰¡à¡“°¡“¬·≈–Àπ—°Àπ“Õ–‰√π—°.
¡‘≈‡≈‘√å¥ (Clara Millerd)Ò¯ °≈à“««à“
ç ‘Ëß ”§—≠„π°“√‡¢â“„®§«“¡§‘¥¢Õß
‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ °Á§◊Õ „Àâ¬ÿµ‘§«“¡§‘¥
‡¡◊ËÕ§«√¬ÿµ‘é.
ºŸâ‡¢’¬π¢Õ √ÿª«à“‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ 
¡’ § «“¡§‘ ¥ √–∫∫‡¥’ ¬ «, °“√»÷ ° …“
ªí≠À“µà“ßÊ §«√»÷°…“√«¡°—π‡ªìπ
√–∫∫‡¥’¬«, À“°∑à“π„¥Õ¬“°®–≈Õß
§âπ§«â“µ“¡·π«Õ◊Ëπ°ÁÕ“®∑”‰¥â.
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Ò. Copleston F. A History of philoso-
phy. Greece and Rome. Vol.I. Gar-
den City, New York: Image Books;
1962.
Ú. °’√µ‘ ∫ÿ≠‡®◊Õ. ª√—™≠“°√’°√–¬–°àÕµ—«.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ:  ”π—°æ‘¡æå®Ãÿ “≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑-
¬“≈—¬; 2545, Àπâ“ 20.
Û. Cf. Diogenes L. Lives of Philoso-
phers, 8.60.
Ù. Cf. Diogenes L. ibid., 8.61.
ı. Ibid., 8.77; Suda. DK, 31 A 2.
ˆ. Suda, DK, 31 A 2.
˜. E.Renen, Mélanges dûHistoire et de
Voyages. Paris: 1878. p. 103.
¯. J Bidez, La Biographie dûEmpédocle
(Ghent, 1894)
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

˘. H Diels. Über die Gedichte des
Empedokles, Sitzungs-berichte der
preussischen Akademie; 1898. p. 396-
415.
Ò. O, Kern, Die Religion der Griechen,
Bane. Berlin: 1935. p. 146.
ÒÒ. E. Rohde, Psyche. The cult of Souls
and Belief in Immortality among the
Greeks, tr. W. B. Hillis London: 1925.
p. 379.
ÒÚ. A. Delatte, Conceptions de lû
Enthousiasme chez les Philosophes
Presocratiques Paris: 1934. p. 25.
ÒÛ. E.R.Dodds, The Greeks and the Irra-
tional. California: University Press;
1951. p. 146
ÒÙ. G. Vlatos. Theology and Philosophy
in Early Greek Thought, Philosophi-
cal Quaterly: 1952. 120.
Òı. E. Bignone, Empedocle: Studio
Critico, Traduzione e Commento
delle Testimonianze dei Frammenti
(Tirubo, 1916). See also A. Diés, Le
Cycle Mystique (Paris, 1909); C. H.
Kahn, çReligion and Natural Philoso-
phy in Empedocles : Doctrine of the
Soulé, Archiv für Geschichte der
Philosophie, 1960, 3 - 35.
Òˆ. W. Kranz, Empedokles : antike Ge-
stalt und romantische Neuschöpfung
(Zürich, 1949)
Ò˜. W Guthrie. A history of Greek phi-
losophy. vol. II : The Presocratic Tra-
dition from Parmenides to Demo-
critus. Cambridge University Press;
1978. p. 127-8.
Ò¯. Milerd C. On the interpretation of
Empedocles. The important thing in
understanding him is to stop think-
ing at the right moment. Chicago:
1908. p. 21.
‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡
Ò. Balducci E. Storia del Pensiero
Umano. Roma: Cremonese; 1986.
Ú. Barnes J. Early Greeek Philosophy.
London: Penguin Books; 1987.
Û. Barnes J. The Presocratic Philoso-
phers. London: Routledge; 1982.
Ù. Burnet J. Early Greek Philosophy.
New York: Meridian Book; 1975.
ı. Chatelet F. La Philosophie Paienne.
Paris: Hachette; 1972.
ˆ. Diels H, Kranz W. Fragmente der
Vorsokratiker. 5th ed. Berlin:
Weidmann; 1934.
˜. Diels H. Doxographi Graeci. Berlin:
Reimer; 1879.
¯. Guthrie WKC. A history of Greek
Philosophy, vol.II. The Presocratic
Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press; 1978.
˘. Kingsley P. Ancient Philosophy,
mystery and magic: Empedocles and
Pythagorean Tradition. Oxford:
Clarendon Press; 1995.
Ò. Trundle R Jr. Ancient Greek Phi-
losophy. Brookfield: Avebury; 1994.

Abstract Empedocles, Philosopher of the Four Elements

Kirti Bunchua
Fellow, the Academy of Moral and Politics, the Royal Institute, Thailand
Empedocles (?492 - ?430 B.C.) is honored as The Philosopher of the Four Elements of Western
culture. The theory of the Four Elements was known in the Indian subcontinent long before. Hence
the question : Did Empedocles learn it from India or did he find it by himself? If he found it by
himself, how could it be possible that the same number 4 should be spelled out by the same kinds of
earth, water, air and fire as in Indian culture. Nevertheless, the real greatness of Empedocles consists
of the Spirit of Reconciliation. He proposed the Theory of the Four Elements with the Reconciliation
in wind: Thales’ disciples were defending Water, as the first element, Anaximenes’ disciples Air,
Heraclitus’ Fire, and Parmenides’ Earth. Even-though Empedocles did not succeed in reconciling the
conflicting philosophies, his intention is, however, praise-worthy.
Key words : Empedocles, four elements

‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  π—°ª√—™≠“·Ààß∏“µÿ Ù
˜ıÙ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

‡«≈“¡“µ√∞“π‰∑¬ «‘ ÿ∑∏å ∫ÿ…¬°ÿ≈

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

¢Õßµπ. æÕ‡√‘Ë¡¡’°“√√∂‰ø·≈–°“√
™◊ËÕ¢Õß∫∑§«“¡π’ȇ°◊Õ∫‡À¡◊Õπ™◊ËÕ¢Õß∫∑§«“¡¢Õß π‘æπ∏å
∑√“¬‡æ™√ 燫≈“¡“µ√∞“πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬é „π«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
 ◊ËÕ “√∑“ß‚∑√‡≈¢„πÕ‡¡√‘°“, ªí≠À“
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú (‡¡.¬.-¡‘.¬.) ÚıÙı. ¢Õ‡√’¬π«à“ Õ߇√◊ËÕßπ’ȉ¡à ‡√◊Ë Õ ß‡«≈“∑â Õ ß∂‘Ë π °Á ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ∑— π ∑’ .
´È”´âÕπ°—π. ∫∑§«“¡‡√◊ËÕßπ’È®–查∂÷ߪ√–«—µ‘À√◊Õ§«“¡‡ªìπ¡“¢Õß ∫√‘…∑— √∂‰ø·µà≈–∫√‘…∑— ¡’√–∫∫ 燫≈“
§«“¡ ”π÷°¢Õߧπ„π‡√◊ËÕ߇«≈“, ®–‡πâπ‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¡‡ªìπ¡“¢Õ߇«≈“ √∂‰øé ¢Õßµπ‡Õß, ∑”„À⇰‘¥ —∫ π
¡“µ√∞“π‰∑¬∑’Ë„™âÕ¬Ÿà„πªí®®ÿ∫—π. √–À«à “ ߇«≈“∑’Ë „ ™â „ π°“√√∂‰ø·µà ≈ –
§” ”§—≠ : ‡«≈“¡“µ√∞“π‰∑¬  “¬°—∫‡«≈“∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ·µà≈–·Ààß.
™“√å≈ å ‡Õø ¥“«¥å (Charles F.
Dowd) §√Ÿ„À≠à§πÀπ÷Ëß„π‡¡◊Õß´“√“
∂â“‚≈°‡√“·∫π, ∑ÿ°§π∫π‚≈° ‡√‘¡Ë ¡’°“√√∂‰ø·≈–°“√‚∑√‡≈¢„π¬ÿ‚√ª ‚µ°“  ª√‘ß å (Saratoga Springs)
®–‡ÀÁπ¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å¢÷Èπæ√âÕ¡°—π, µ° „À¡àÊ, ª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ ¡’‡«≈“¡“µ√∞“π „π¡≈√—∞𑫬Õ√å§ ‰¥â‡ πÕ„Àâ¡’°“√
æ√â Õ ¡°— π . ·µà ‡ ¡◊Ë Õ ‚≈°°≈¡, ·≈– „πª√–‡∑»¢Õßµπ. ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ§π à«π °”Àπ¥ 燢µ‡«≈“é (Time Zone)
ª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ Õ¬àŸ°√–®—¥°√–®“¬‰ª „À≠à „ ™â √ ∂‰ø‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡¥‘ π ∑“ß¿“¬„π „πÕ‡¡√‘°“µ—Èß·µàªï §.». Ò¯ˆ˘, ·µà
√Õ∫‚≈°, ‡«≈“∑’Ëæ√–Õ“∑‘µ¬å¢÷ÈπÀ√◊Õ ª√–‡∑», ªí≠À“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫‡«≈“∑âÕß ‰¡à¡’π—°°“√‡¡◊Õߺ⟄¥π”§«“¡§‘¥π’ȉª
µ°„πª√–‡∑»Àπ÷Ë߬àÕ¡™â“À√◊Õ‡√Á«‰¡à ∂‘Ëπ°Á‰¡à‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ. ‡√◊Õ‡¥‘π∑–‡≈√–À«à“ß ¥”‡π‘π°“√. „π™à«ß§√‘ µ∑»«√√…
‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫„πÕ’°ª√–‡∑»Àπ÷ßË . Õ¬à“߉√ Õ—ß°ƒ…°—∫Õ‡¡√‘°“„™â‡«≈“°√’π‘™¢Õß Ò¯˜, ¡≈√— ∞ ·≈–‡¡◊ Õ ß„À≠à Ê „π
°Áµ“¡  ¡—¬∑’ˬ—߉¡à¡’°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß∑’Ë Õ—ß°ƒ…‡ªìπ 燫≈“Õâ“ßÕ‘ßé, ‡æ√“– Õ‡¡√‘°“¡’‡«≈“ ç¡“µ√∞“πé ¢Õßµπ‡Õß
√«¥‡√Á«‡À¡◊ÕπÕ¬à“ßªí®®ÿ∫—π, §«“¡ Õ—ß°ƒ…‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å„Àâ∫√‘°“√ π‡∑»∑“ß „™â„πª√–‡∑»¡“°°«à“ ı ¡“µ√∞“π.
·µ°µà“ߢÕ߇«≈“„π·µà≈–∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ‰¡à °“√‡¥‘π‡√◊Õ∑’Ë∑ÿ°∫√‘…—∑√⟮—° ·≈–∑ÿ°  ∂“π’ √ ∂‰ø¢Õ߇¡◊ Õ ßæ‘ µ µå   ‡∫Õ√å °
°√–∑∫°√–‡∑◊Õπ°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ¢Õß Õ¬à“ß°Á¥”‡π‘π‰ª‚¥¬√“∫√◊Ëπ. (Pittsburgh) ™ÿ¡∑“ß√∂‰ø„À≠à ¡’
§π‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª. „πª√–‡∑»‡≈Á°, ‡«≈“  à « π„πÕ‡¡√‘ ° “ ‡«≈“∑â Õ ß∂‘Ë π π“Ãî°“µ‘¥µ—È߉«â ı ‡√◊Õπ„πÀâÕß‚∂ß
∑âÕß∂‘πË „π·µà≈–‡¡◊Õß·µ°µà“ß°—π‡æ’¬ß ·µ°µà “ ß°— π ¡“°, ‡ â π ≈Õß°‘ ®Ÿ ¥ Ωíò ß °≈“ß, ∫Õ°‡«≈“ ç¡“µ√∞“πé ¢Õß
‡≈Á ° πâ Õ ¬, √— ∞ ∫“≈ “¡“√∂°”Àπ¥ µ–«—πÕÕ°·≈–Ωíßò µ–«—πµ°¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°“ 摵µå ‡∫Õ√å°‡√◊ÕπÀπ÷Ëß,  à«πÕ’° Ù
‡«≈“∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ·Ààß„¥·ÀàßÀπ÷Ë߇ªìπ‡«≈“ ¡’Õß»“µà“ß°—π°«à“ ı Õß»“. ·µà≈– ‡√◊Õπ∫Õ° 燫≈“√∂‰øé ¢Õß∫√‘…—∑
¡“µ√∞“π‰¥âµ“¡§«“¡ –¥«°. ‡¡◊ËÕ ∑âÕß∂‘πË µà“ß°Á π„®„π‡«≈“ ç¡“µ√∞“πé √∂‰øÕ’° Ù ∫√‘…—∑.

«‘ ÿ∑∏å ∫ÿ…¬°ÿ≈
˜ıı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
„πªï §.». Ò¯˜Ú (æ.». ÚÙÒı)
§«“¡ —∫ π‡°’ˬ«°—∫ 燫≈“√∂‰øé
∑”„Àâ∫√‘…—∑√∂‰øÕ‡¡√‘°—𠓬µà“ßÊ
¡“√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡°—π‡æ◊ËÕ°”Àπ¥ 燫≈“
π“Ãî°“é ¢÷Èπ∑’ˇ´πµåÀ≈ÿ¬ å √—∞‚Õ‰Œ‚Õ.
∑’˪√–™ÿ¡¡’¡µ‘„Àâ°”À𥇫≈“π“Ãî°“
 ”À√—∫√—∞µà“ßÊ „πÕ‡¡√‘°“ ‚¥¬®—¥
·∫àß°≈àÿ¡√—∞µà“ßÊ ÕÕ°‡ªìπ ٠燢µ
‡«≈“é. ·µà°«à“√—∞∫“≈°≈“ߢÕßÕ‡¡√‘-
°“®–¬Õ¡√—∫¡µ‘π’ȇªìπ∑“ß°“√°ÁµâÕß
§Õ¬∂÷ß ÒÒ ªï (§.». Ò¯¯Û). ·≈â«„π
‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡¢ÕߪïµÕà ¡“ (§.». Ò¯¯Ù)
‰¥â ¡’ ° “√ª√–™ÿ ¡ π“π“™“µ‘ ∑’Ë ° √ÿ ß
«Õ™‘ßµ—π, ¡’ºâŸ·∑π®“° Ú˜ ª√–‡∑»
‡¢â“√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡·≈–¡’¡µ‘„Àâ 燠âπ≈Õß
°‘®¥Ÿ »Ÿπ¬åé ºà“π‡¡◊Õß°√’π™‘ ¢ÕßÕ—ß°ƒ…,
·≈–„Àâ·∫à߇¢µ‡«≈“¢Õß‚≈°‚¥¬∂◊Õ
燫≈“ª“π°≈“ß°√’π™‘ é ‡ªìπÀ≈—°. ‡¢µ
‡«≈“¢Õß‚≈°®÷ß¡’√–∫∫·πàπÕπµ—Èß·µà
§√—ßÈ π—πÈ .
π—Ëπ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕßªí®®ÿ∫—π, ∑’π’È
À—π¡“¥Ÿ‡√◊ËÕß„πÕ¥’µ.
Àπ૬‡«≈“∑’Ë∏√√¡™“µ‘°”Àπ¥
¡“‰¥â·°à«—π‡¥◊Õπ·≈–ªï, §π‚∫√“≥
π— ∫ «— π ‚¥¬ — ß ‡°µµ”·Àπà ß ¢Õߥ«ß
Õ“∑‘µ¬å«—ππ’È°—∫«—π∂—¥‰ª (Õ“®‡ªìπ¬Ë”
√àßÿ ∂÷߬˔√ÿßà , ¬Ë”§Ë”∂÷߬˔§Ë”, ‡∑’¬Ë ß«—π∂÷ß
‡∑’¬Ë ß«—π), π—∫‡¥◊Õπ (Synodic Month)
‚¥¬ — ß ‡°µ«— π ‡æÁ ≠ À√◊ Õ «— 𠇥◊ Õ π¥— ∫
§√—Èßπ’È°—∫§√—ÈßµàÕ‰ª, ·≈–π—∫ªï®“°ƒ¥Ÿ
π’È∂÷߃¥ŸÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—π„πªïµàÕ‰ª ( à«π
„À≠à ® –∂◊ Õ ƒ¥Ÿ „ ∫‰¡â º ≈‘ ´÷Ë ß  — ß ‡°µ‰¥â
ßà“¬·≈–§àÕπ¢â“ß·πàπÕπ„πª√–‡∑»
„π‡¢µÕ∫Õàÿ π ). À≈“¬§π§‘ ¥ «à “
∏√√¡™“µ‘∫—π¥“≈„ÀâÀπ૬‡«≈“ ç«—π
‡¥◊Õπ ªïé  “¡Àπ૬π’È¡’√–‡∫’¬∫≈ßµ—«
°—πÕ¬à“ßπà“¡À—»®√√¬å∑’Ë ÿ¥, §◊Õ§‘¥«à“
ªïÀπ÷ßË µâÕß¡’ ∫‘  Õ߇¥◊ÕπæÕ¥’‰¡à¡‡’ »…,
¡’®”π«π«—π‡µÁ¡æÕ¥’‰¡à¡’‡»…, ·≈–
‡¥◊Õπ°ÁµÕâ ß¡’®”π«π«—π‡ªìπ®”π«π ‡µÁ¡
æÕ¥’‰¡à¡’‡»…¥â«¬. ∑’Ë®√‘ß ∂â“¡Õß
Õ¬à“ߺ‘«‡º‘π°ÁÕ“®§‘¥‡™àππ—Èπ‰¥â, ·µà
§π‚∫√“≥√⟮—° —߇°µ √⟮—°‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
·≈–√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥µà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√»÷°…“
‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“πÀ≈“¬ ™—Ë«
Õ“¬ÿ§π, ®÷ß√âŸ«à“«—π‡¥◊Õπªï‡À≈à“π’È¡‘‰¥â
¡’®”π«π —¡æ—π∏å°—π‡ªìπµ—«‡≈¢≈ßµ—«
ßà“¬Ê Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇ§¬§‘¥.
µ—«‡≈¢∑’Ë≈ßµ—«·πàπÕπ¡’Õ¬àŸ∫â“ß
„π√–∫∫‡«≈“. «—πÀπ÷Ëß¡’¬’Ë ‘∫ ’Ë™—Ë«‚¡ß
≈ßµ—«, ·≈– —ª¥“ÀåÀπ÷ßË °Á¡‡’ ®Á¥«—π≈ßµ—«.
∑’Ë≈ßµ—«Õ¬à“ßπ’ȉ¥â°Á‡æ√“–™—Ë«‚¡ß·≈–
 —ª¥“Àå‰¡à„™àÀπ૬‡«≈“∑’Ë∏√√¡™“µ‘
°”Àπ¥, ·µà ‡ æ√“–™“«∫“∫‘ ‚ ≈‡π’ ¬
‡ªìπºâŸ°”À𥫗π„Àâ¡’ ÚÙ ™—Ë«‚¡ß·≈–
°”Àπ¥„Àâ —ª¥“Àå¡’ ˜ «—π≈ßµ—«æÕ¥’
‡Õßµà“ßÀ“°.  —ª¥“ÀåÀπ÷Ëß¡’ ˜ «—π°Á
‡æ√“–¥“« ç ”§—≠é ∑’ˇ¢“√⟮—°¡’ ˜
¥«ß, §◊Õ¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å ¥«ß®—π∑√å°—∫
¥“«‡§√“–ÀåÕ’°Àâ“¥«ß. «—πÀπ÷Ëß¡’ ÚÙ
™—Ë«‚¡ß°Á‡æ√“–‡≈¢ ÒÚ ·≈–‡≈¢ ÚÙ
„°≈â°—∫√–∫∫µ—«‡≈¢∞“π ˆ ∑’ˇ¢“„™â
µà“ßÀ“°.
™“«∫“∫‘‚≈‡π’¬µ—ßÈ ·µà ¡—¬Õ“√¬-
∏√√¡≈àÿ ¡ πÈ” ‡¡‚ ‚ª‡µ‡¡’ ¬ ·≈–™“«
Õ‘¬‘ªµå»÷°…“‡√◊ËÕß∑âÕßøÑ“, √⟫à“∑âÕßøÑ“
¡’¥“«ƒ°…å∑’ËÕ¬àŸ‡ªìπ°≈àÿ¡, ·≈–¡’¥“«
‡§√“–Àå∑‡’Ë §≈◊ÕË π∑’‰Ë ªµ“¡°≈à¡ÿ ¥“«ƒ°…å
µà“ßÊ „π∑âÕßøÑ“. §πæ«°π’È»÷°…“
·≈– √â“ß∑ƒ…Æ’«à“¥â«¬ª√“°Ø°“√≥å
·≈–∑“ß‚§®√¢Õߥ«ß¥“« ¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å
·≈–¥«ß®—π∑√å®π∑√“∫«à“  ÿ√‘¬ÿª√“§“
˜ıˆ
·≈–®—π∑√ÿª√“§“®–‡°‘¥´È”·≈–‡√’¬ß
µ“¡≈”¥— ∫ ‡¥‘ ¡ ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡«≈“ºà “ π‰ª‡ªì π
√Õ∫, √Õ∫≈– ˆ,ı¯ı «—π À√◊Õ Ò¯ ªï
‡»…. ·µàªí≠À“ ”§—≠Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷ËߢÕß
§πæ«°π’È ∑’Ë ¬— ß ∑‘È ß ‰¡à ‰ ¥â °Á §◊ Õ §«“¡
 — ¡ æ— π ∏å √ –À«à “ ß™à « ß«— 𠇥◊ Õ π·≈–ªï .
‡¢“·∫àß∑âÕßøÑ“ÕÕ°‡ªìπ ÒÚ √“»’,
√“»’Àπ÷Ëß¡’ Û Õß»“, √«¡‡ªìπ Ûˆ
Õß»“. ‡¢“‡ÀÁπ«à“¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å 炧®√
√Õ∫‚≈°é «—π≈–ª√–¡“≥ Ò Õß»“
À√◊Õª√–¡“≥‡¥◊Õπ≈– Ò √“»’, ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ
§√∫ Ûˆ «—𠥫ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å°Á¬—ß‚§®√
‰ª‰¡à§√∫ Ûˆ Õß»“, µâÕߧլՒ°
ª√–¡“≥ ı «—π‡»…®÷ß®–§√∫√Õ∫.
æ«°π’È æ ¬“¬“¡·°â ªí ≠ À“«à “ ®–∑”
Õ¬à“߉√°—∫‡»… ı «—π∑’ˇՓՖ‰√À“√°Á
‰¡à≈ßµ—«, „π∑’Ë ÿ¥µâÕ߬ա·∫àß ı «—π
‰ªµ“¡‡¥◊Õπµà“ßÊ, ·≈â«°Á¬—ßµâÕß√—∫
«à“¡’‡»…∑’ˬ—ß∑”Õ–‰√‰¡à‰¥âÕ¬àŸÕ’°‡≈Á°
πâÕ¬. ‡¡◊ËÕ √ÿª·≈â« §π‚∫√“≥‡À≈à“
π’È°”Àπ¥«à“ªïÀπ÷Ëß¡’ Ûˆı «—π‡»…, ªï
Àπ÷ßË ¡’ ÒÚ ‡¥◊Õπ, ‡¥◊ÕπÀπ÷ßË ¡’ Û À√◊Õ
ÛÒ «—π.
πÕ°®“°®– —߇°µ¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å,
Õ“√¬∏√√¡‚∫√“≥‡À≈à“π’È≈â«π·µà‡§¬
»÷°…“ª√“°Ø°“√≥å¢Õߥ«ß®—π∑√å¡“
∑—Èßπ—Èπ. æ«°π’ȇ§¬§‘¥«à“™à«ß‡«≈“Àπ÷Ëß
‡¥◊Õπ (À¡“¬∂÷ß®“°«—π‡æÁ≠‡¥◊Õππ’È
‰ªÀ“«—π‡æÁ≠‡¥◊ÕπÀπâ“ À√◊Õ∑’Ë∑“ß
¥“√“»“ µ√å‡√’¬°«à“ synodic month)
¥«ß®—π∑√å®–‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’ˉª‰¥âæÕ¥’Àπ÷Ëß
√“»’„π∑âÕßøÑ“. ·µà„π∑’Ë ÿ¥‡¢“°Á√⟫à“
„π™à«ß‡«≈“ Ú˘ «—π§√÷Ë߇»…Ê ¢Õß
‡¥◊Õπ®—π∑√åπ—Èπ, ¥«ß®—π∑√嬗߂§®√‰ª
‰¡à‡µÁ¡√“»’. ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ§√∫ ÒÚ ‡¥◊Õπ
(ª√–¡“≥ ÛıÙ À√◊Õ Ûıı «—π) ¥«ß
‡«≈“¡“µ√∞“π‰∑¬

®—π∑√å°Á¬—ß‚§®√¢“¥‰ªÕ¬àŸ Ò Õß»“
‡»…Ê ®÷ß®–§√∫ ÒÚ √“»’À√◊Õ Ûˆ
Õß»“„π∑âÕßøÑ“. ∂⓪≈àÕ¬‰«â‚¥¬‰¡à
·°â‰¢‡æ’¬ß Õß “¡ªï¥«ß®—π∑√å°Á®–
≈â“À≈—߉ªÀπ÷ßË √“»’‡µÁ¡Ê.
§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡∑’Ë®– √â“ß√–‡∫’¬∫
‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡«≈“∑”„Àâ¡’°“√ √â“ߪؑ∑‘π
¢÷Èπ. √–∫∫ªØ‘∑‘π∑’Ë ”§—≠π—ÈπÕ“»—¬
ç°“√‚§®√é ¢Õߥ«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å·≈–¥«ß
®—π∑√凪ìπÀ≈—°, ®÷߇°‘¥¡’√–∫∫ªØ‘∑‘π
¢÷Èπ¡“ Û ·∫∫
(Ò) ªØ‘∑‘π ÿ√‘¬§µ‘ À√◊Õ Solar
calendar, Õ“»— ¬ µ”·Àπà ß ¢Õߥ«ß
Õ“∑‘ µ ¬å · ≈–‚≈°‡ªì π À≈— ° „π°“√
§”π«≥.
(Ú) ªØ‘∑‘π®—π∑√§µ‘ À√◊Õ Lu-
nar calendar, Õ“»—¬°“√‚§®√¢Õß
¥«ß®— π ∑√å ‡ ªì π À≈— °  ”§— ≠ „π°“√
§”π«≥.
(Û) ªØ‘∑‘π ÿ√‘¬-®—π∑√§µ‘ À√◊Õ
Luni-solar calendar, 欓¬“¡À“
∑“ß∑’Ë ® –„™â ∑—È ß √–∫∫ ÿ √‘ ¬ §µ‘ ·≈–
®—π∑√§µ‘„π°“√§”π«≥, ·≈–„Àâ Õß
√–∫∫¡’ ∑ “ߪ√– “π°— π ‰¥â ‚ ¥¬„Àâ ¡’
‡»…„π°“√§”π«≥πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥.
√–∫∫ªØ‘∑‘π∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπ¡“µ√∞“π
¡“°∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ „π‚≈°ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— 𠇪ì π √–∫∫
 ÿ√‘¬§µ‘. ‰¥â°≈à“«¡“·≈â««à“™“«Õ‘¬‘ªµå
·≈–™“«‡¡‚ ‚ª‡µ‡¡’¬√â·Ÿ ≈â««à“ ªï √ÿ ¬‘ -
§µ‘∑’Ë„™â°—π∑—Ë«‰ª (solar À√◊Õ tropical
year) ¬“«°«à“ Ûˆı «—π‡≈Á°πâÕ¬, ·≈–
‰¥â ‡ √‘Ë ¡ §‘ ¥ À“∑“߇æ‘Ë ¡ §«“¡¬“«¢Õß
ªï„π∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘. „π∑’Ë ÿ¥®—°√æ√√¥‘
®Ÿ‡≈’¬  ´’´“√å ·Ààß°√ÿß‚√¡ °ÁÕ“»—¬§”
·π–π”¢Õß‚´´‘‡®π’  (Sosigenes)
π— ° ¥“√“»“ µ√å ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ §πÀπ÷Ë ß ·Àà ß
«‘ ÿ∑∏å ∫ÿ…¬°ÿ≈
æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±åÕ‡≈Á°´“π‡¥√’¬, ª√–°“»
„™âªØ‘∑‘π·∫∫∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ªØ‘∑‘π®Ÿ‡≈’¬π
(Julian calendar) ‡¡◊ËÕ Ùˆ ªï°àÕπ
§√‘ µ»—°√“™.
µ“¡√–∫∫ªØ‘ ∑‘ π ®Ÿ ‡ ≈’ ¬ π ªï
ª√°µ‘®–¬“« Ûˆı «—π, ·µà∑ÿ° ’˪ﮖ
¡’°“√‡æ‘¡Ë «—π„À⇩擖ªïππÈ— Ò «—π‡ªìπ
Ûˆˆ «—π ( ¡—¬ªí®®ÿ∫π— §◊Õ‡æ‘¡Ë «—π∑’Ë Ú˘
°ÿ ¡ ¿“æ— π ∏å ‡ ¡◊Ë Õ ªï § √‘   µ»— ° √“™À“√
¥â«¬‡≈¢ Ù ≈ßµ—«). «—π∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡π’ȇ√’¬°«à“
ç«—πÕ∏‘° ÿ√∑‘π-Intercalary dayé,
·≈–ªï∑’Ë¡’«—π‡æ‘Ë¡‡™àππ’ȇ√’¬°«à“ çªï
Õ∏‘° ÿ√∑‘πé. °“√‡µ‘¡«—πÕ∏‘° ÿ√∑‘π
µ“¡·∫∫¢Õß®—°√æ√√¥‘®Ÿ‡≈’¬π∑”„Àâ
§«“¡¬“«¢Õß·µà≈–ªï‚¥¬‡©≈’¬Ë ‡∑à“°—∫
(Ûˆı × Û + Ûˆˆ) / Ù = Ûˆı.Úı
«—π À√◊Õ Ûˆı «—π°—∫ ˆ ™—Ë«‚¡ß.
∑’Ë®√‘ßπ—È𠧫“¡¬“«¢Õߪï ÿ√‘¬–
À√◊Õªï∑—Ë«‰ª (Tropical Year) π—Èπ
‡∑à“°—∫ Ûˆı.ÚÙÚÚ «—π (Ûˆı «—π ı
™—Ë « ‚¡ß Ù¯ π“∑’ Ùˆ «‘ π “∑’ ) , ªï
ªØ‘∑π‘ ®Ÿ‡≈’¬π®÷߬“«‡°‘π°«à“ªï∑«—Ë ‰ªÕ¬àŸ
∂÷ß ÒÒ π“∑’ ÒÙ «‘π“∑’. ∂â“„™âªØ‘∑‘π
®Ÿ‡≈’¬ππ“πÊ, «—π‡¥◊Õπªïµ“¡ªØ‘∑‘π
®–™â“‰ª Ò «—π „π‡«≈“ ÒÚ¯.Ú ªïï,
À√◊ՙⓉª Ò «—π „π‡«≈“‰¡à∂ß÷ Ò,Û
ªï. ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ „π‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡ §.».
Òı¯Ú (æ.». ÚÒÚı µ√ß°—∫ ¡—¬
æ√–¡À“∏√√¡√“™“∏‘√“™)  —πµ–ª“ª“
‡°√°Õ√’∑’Ë ÒÛ ®÷ߪ√–°“» ç·°â»°— √“™é
‚¥¬µ—¥«—π∑’Ë ı-ÒÙ µÿ≈“§¡¢Õߪïπ—Èπ
ÕÕ°®“°ªØ‘∑‘π, ·≈â«°”À𥫑∏’‡µ‘¡
Õ∏‘° ÿ√∑‘π„À¡à‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâªïªØ‘∑‘π¡’§«“¡
¬“«„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫ªï √ÿ ¬‘ –¬‘ßË ¢÷πÈ . ªØ‘∑π‘
∑’Ë ‡ µ‘ ¡ «— π Õ∏‘ °  ÿ √ ∑‘ 𠵓¡·∫∫¢Õß
 —πµ–ª“ª“‡°√°Õ√’π’ȇ√’¬°«à“ªØ‘∑‘π
˜ı˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
°√’°Õ‡√’¬π (Gregorian calendar).
µ“¡√–∫∫ªØ‘ ∑‘ π °√’ ° Õ‡√’ ¬ π
°“√‡µ‘ ¡ «— π Õ∏‘ °  ÿ √ ∑‘ π π—È π „Àâ ∑”∑ÿ ° ªï
§√‘ µ»—°√“™∑’ËÀ“√¥â«¬ Ù ‰¥â≈ßµ—«,
¬°‡«â π „π°√≥’ ∑’Ë ªï § √‘   µ»— ° √“™
≈ß∑⓬¥â«¬  (‡™àπªï Ò˘, Ú,
ÚÒ), ªï‡™àππ’ȵâÕßÀ“√¥â«¬ Ù
≈ßµ— « ®÷ ß ®–‡µ‘ ¡ «— π Õ∏‘ °  ÿ √ ∑‘ π . °“√
‡æ‘Ë¡°Æ‡°≥±å‡æ’¬ß·§àπ’ȇ¢â“„®·≈–®”
‰¥âßà“¬, ·≈–¡’º≈∑”„ÀâµâÕ߇æ‘Ë¡«—π
Õ∏‘° ÿ√∑‘π‡æ’¬ß ˘˜ «—π„π‡«≈“ Ù
ªï. µ“¡√–∫∫π’È ªïÀπ÷Ëß¡’§«“¡¬“«
(Ûˆı × ÛÛ + Ûˆˆ × ˘˜) / Ù
= Ûˆı.ÚÙÚı «—π À√◊Õ Ûˆı «—π ı
™—Ë«‚¡ß Ù˘ π“∑’ ÒÚ «‘π“∑’, ¬“«°«à“
ªï∑—Ë«‰ª‡æ’¬ßªï≈– Úˆ «‘π“∑’, ´÷Ëß°«à“
®– – ¡¢÷Èπ¡“∂÷ßÀπ÷Ëß«—πÀ√◊Õ∑”„Àâ«—π
µ“¡ªØ‘∑‘π™â“‰ªÀπ÷Ëß«—π°ÁµâÕß„™â‡«≈“
∂÷ß Û,ÛÚÛ ªï, ª√–‡∑» à«π„À≠à‡ÀÁπ
«à “ ªï ª Ø‘ ∑‘ π °√’ ° Õ√’ π—È π „°≈â ‡ §’ ¬ ß°— ∫ ªï
 ÿ √‘ ¬ – (tropical year) æÕ·≈â « ,
ªí®®ÿ∫—π®÷ß„™â°—π‡°◊Õ∫∑—Ë«‚≈°.
∑’°Ë ≈à“«¡“·≈⫇ªìπ‡√◊ÕË ß¢Õß√–∫∫
ªØ‘∑‘π ÿ√‘¬§µ‘, ´÷Ëß„™â‡ªìπ¡“µ√∞“π
‡«≈“∑—Ë«‰ª„π‚≈° à«π„À≠à. √–∫∫
ªØ‘∑‘π®—π∑√§µ‘·∑âÊ π—Èπ¬—ß„™âÕ¬àŸ„π
ª√–‡∑»∑’Ëπ—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“Õ‘ ≈“¡.
·µà‡¥‘¡‰∑¬„™â√–∫∫ªØ‘∑‘π ÿ√‘¬-
®—π∑√§µ‘ (Luni-solar calendar).
ªØ‘ ∑‘ π ·∫∫π’È §”π«≥‡¥◊ Õ π·≈–«— π
‚¥¬Õ“»—¬«‘∏’°“√∑“ß®—π∑√§µ‘, ·µà
ª√—∫§«“¡¬“«¢Õߪï„Àâµ√ß°—∫ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈
‚¥¬‡Õ“‡¥◊ÕπÕ∏‘°¡“ ¡“·∑√°. ªï„π
√–∫∫π’ȇ√’¬°«à“ çªïπ—°…—µ√é (´÷Ëߧß
‡æ’È¬π¡“®“° çπ—° —µ«åé) √Õ∫Àπ÷Ëß¡’
ÒÚ ªï. ·µà≈–ªï¡’™◊ËÕª√–®”‡√’¬ß°—π
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
‰¥â·°à ™«¥ ©≈Ÿ ¢“≈ ‡∂“– ¡–‚√ß ¡–‡ Áß
¡–‡¡’¬ ¡–·¡ «Õ° √–°“ ®Õ °ÿπ,
·≈â««π¡“ªï™«¥ ©≈Ÿ„À¡à.
ªï À π÷Ë ß ¡’ ÒÚ ‡¥◊ Õ π, π— ∫ ®“°
‡¥◊ÕπÕ⓬ ‡¥◊Õπ¬’Ë ‡¥◊Õπ “¡  ’Ë („Àâ
 —߇°µ«à“‡√“‰¡à‡√’¬°™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ«à“‡¥◊Õπ
Àπ÷Ë߇¥◊Õπ Õß ·µà‡√’¬°«à“‡¥◊ÕπÕ⓬
‡¥◊Õπ¬’Ë). ‡¥◊Õπ‡≈¢§’Ëπ—Èπ¡’ Ú˘ «—π
‡√’¬°«à“ 燥◊Õπ¢“¥é,  à«π‡¥◊Õπ‡≈¢
§àŸπ—Èπ¡’ Û «—π ‡√’¬°«à“ 燥◊Õπ∂â«πé
À√◊Õ ç‡¥◊Õπ‡µÁ¡é. «—π∑’ˇ¥◊Õπ¡◊¥
 π‘∑π—Èπ‡ªìπ«—π ‘Èπ‡¥◊Õπ, ∂—¥®“°«—π
 ‘Èπ‡¥◊Õπ®–‡ªìπ«—π¢÷Èπ‡¥◊Õπ„À¡à ‡√’¬°
«à“ ç«—π¢÷Èπ§Ë”Àπ÷Ëßé ´÷ËßÕ“®¡Õ߇ÀÁπ
¢Õ∫¥«ß®— π ∑√å ‡ ªì π ‡ â 𠂧â ß ∫“ßÊ.
«—π∂—¥‰ª‡ âπ∫“ßÊ π—Èπ®–Àπ“¢÷Èπ·≈–
‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥¢÷Èπ, ‡ªìπ ç«—π¢÷Èπ Ú §Ë”é
ç«—π¢÷Èπ Û §Ë”é ·≈–µàÕÊ ‰ª®π∂÷ß
ç«—π¢÷Èπ Òı §Ë”é ´÷Ë߇ªìπ«—π‡¥◊Õπ‡æÁ≠
À√◊Õ«—πæ√–®—π∑√凵Á¡¥«ß. ∂—¥‰ª
¥«ß®—π∑√å®–‡√‘Ë¡‡≈Á°≈ß ‡√’¬°«à“ ç«—π
·√¡§Ë”Àπ÷ßË é ç«—π·√¡ Ú §Ë”é ç«—π·√¡
Û §Ë”é ·≈–µàÕ‰ª®π∂÷ß ç«—π·√¡ ÒÙ
§Ë”é ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ«—π ‘πÈ ‡¥◊ÕπÀ√◊Õ«—π‡¥◊Õπ¥—∫
 ”À√—∫‡¥◊Õπ‡≈¢§’ËÀ√◊Õ ç‡¥◊Õπ¢“¥é.
·µà ∂â “ ‡ªì π 燥◊ Õ π∂â « πé ·≈â « ®–¡’
ç«—π·√¡ Òı §Ë”é Õ’°«—πÀπ÷Ëß®÷ß®–
‡ªìπ«—π‡¥◊Õπ¥—∫. °“√‡√’¬°™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ
‡ªìπµ—«‡≈¢‡ªìπ°“√∫Õ°„πµ—««à“ „π
√–∫∫®—π∑√§µ‘‡¥‘¡¢Õ߉∑¬ ªï™«¥ ©≈Ÿ
¢“≈ œ≈œ π—Èπ¢÷Èπµâπªï ¥â«¬ 燥◊Õπ
Õ⓬é (´÷ËßÕ¬àŸª√–¡“≥‡¥◊Õπ惻®‘-
°“¬πÀ√◊Õ∏—𫓧¡). ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ
‡√“®÷߇ª≈’ˬπ™◊ËÕªï„π√–∫∫π’È„π«—π¢÷Èπ
§Ë”Àπ÷Ë߇¥◊ÕπÕ⓬ ‡™àπ®“°ªï™«¥‰ª
‡ªìπªï©≈Ÿ ‡™àππ’ȇªìπµâπ.
ªï®—π∑√§µ‘¡’ 燥◊Õπ¢“¥é À°
‡¥◊Õπ ·≈– 燥◊Õπ∂â«πé À°‡¥◊Õπ,
‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ„π‡«≈“ ÒÚ ‡¥◊Õπ®–¡’
®”π«π«—π ÛıÙ «—π, πâÕ¬°«à“‡¥◊Õπ
∑“ß ÿ√‘¬§µ‘Õ¬àŸ ÒÒ «—π‡»…Ê. πÕ°
®“°π’È ‰¥â°≈à“«¡“·≈â««à“‡¡◊ËÕ§√∫√Õ∫
ÒÚ ‡¥◊Õπ∑“ß®—π∑√§µ‘ ¥«ß®—π∑√嬗ß
‡¥‘π‰¡à§√∫√Õ∫Õ¬àŸ Ò Õß»“‡»…Ê.
‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâªï¢Õß Õß√–∫∫¬“«‰≈à‡≈’ˬ°—π
·≈–„À⇫≈“·°à¥«ß®—π∑√å∑’Ë®–‚§®√‰ª
∂÷ß√“»’∑’Ë°”Àπ¥™◊ËÕ‰«â, ªï®—π∑√§µ‘
·∫∫π’È®÷ß¡’°“√™¥‡™¬‚¥¬‡µ‘¡ 燥◊Õπ
Õ∏‘°¡“ é ‡¢â“À≈—߇¥◊Õ𷪥ª√°µ‘
‡¢â“Àπ÷Ë߇¥◊Õπ ‡√’¬°«à“ 燥◊Õ𷪥
À≈—ßé ´÷Ëß¡’ Û «—π. ªï∑’Ë¡’°“√‡æ‘Ë¡
Õ∏‘°¡“ π’ȇ√’¬°«à“ çªïÕ∏‘°¡“ é ·≈–
ªïπ—Èπ®–¡’ Û¯Ù «—π. „π√Õ∫ Ò˘ ªï
®–¡’°“√‡µ‘¡‡¥◊ÕπÕ∏‘°¡“  ˜ §√—Èß.
∂÷ß®–¡’°“√‡µ‘¡Õ∏‘°¡“ ·≈â« °Á
¬—ß¡’®”π«π«—π∑’ˉ¡à≈ßµ—«°—π√–À«à“ߪï
 ÿ√‘¬– (tropical year) °—∫ªï®—π∑√§µ‘,
µâÕß¡’°“√‡æ‘Ë¡«—π摇»…„Àâ·°à‡¥◊Õπ ˜
„π∫“ߪï, ∑”„À⇥◊Õπ ˜ (´÷Ëߪ√°µ‘
‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ¢“¥) °≈“¬‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ∂â«π
‡©æ“–ªïπ—Èπ. «—π∑’ˇµ‘¡„Àâ·°à‡¥◊Õπ ˜
π’ȇ√“‡√’¬°«à“ «—πÕ∏‘°«“√ ·≈–ªï∑’Ë¡’
°“√‡µ‘¡«—πÕ∏‘°«“√°Á‡√’¬°«à“ªïÕ∏‘°«“√.
°“√‡µ‘¡‡¥◊ÕπÕ∏‘°¡“ «à“®–µâÕß
∑”„πªï‰Àπ∫â“ß À√◊Õ°“√°”Àπ¥«à“ªï
‰Àπ§«√®–‡ªì π ªï Õ ∏‘ ° «“√ ¬— ß §ß¡’
§«“¡´— ∫ ´â Õ π‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°ª√–‡æ≥’ ∑’Ë
‡§¬ªØ‘∫—µ‘¡“, ·≈–¡’À≈—°‡°≥±åÕ◊ËπÊ
∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“, ´÷Ë߉¡à “¡“√∂π”¡“
Õ∏‘∫“¬„π∫∑§«“¡π’‰È ¥â.
°“√π—∫«—πÕ“∑‘µ¬å «—π®—π∑√å «—π
՗ߧ“√„π√Õ∫ —ª¥“Àå, °“√π—∫‡¥◊Õπ
˜ı¯
Õ⓬‡¥◊Õπ¬’Ë, ·≈–°“√π—∫√Õ∫ªïµ“¡
π—°…—µ√, ‡À≈à“π’ȉ∑¬„™â¡“·µà ¡—¬°√ÿß
 ÿ‚¢∑—¬‚¥¬¡’À≈—°∞“πª√“°Ø„π»‘≈“
®“√÷ ° . „πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π °“√°”À𥫗 π
 ”§—≠µà“ßÊ ∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“¬—ߧ߄™â
«‘∏’‡√’¬°·∫∫®—π∑√§µ‘, ‡™àπ«—π«‘ “¢-
∫Ÿ™“‰¥â·°à«—π¢÷Èπ Òı §Ë”‡¥◊ÕπÀ°, «—π
Õ“ “ÃÀ∫Ÿ ™ “‰¥â · °à «— π ¢÷È π Òı §Ë”
‡¥◊Õ𷪥, «—π‡¢â“æ√√…“‰¥â·°à«—π
·√¡§Ë”Àπ÷Ë߇¥◊Õ𷪥 ‡ªìπµâπ.
°“√π— ∫ ªï „ πª√–‡∑»µ–«— π µ°
 à « π„À≠à „ ™â § √‘   µå »— ° √“™.  à « π„π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡Õ° “√ ¡— ¬ °√ÿ ß
»√’ Õ ¬ÿ ∏ ¬“∑’Ë ∫ Õ°ªï »— ° √“™, ‡™à π
°ÆÀ¡“¬‡°à“·≈–∫—π∑÷°¢Õß‚À√, „™â
»—°√“™µà“ß°—π. ·µà»—°√“™∑ÿ°·∫∫∑’Ë
„™âµà“ß°Á°”À𥧫“¡¬“«¢Õߪﵓ¡
·∫∫ ÿ√‘¬§µ‘·∫∫‡¥’¬«°—π. »—°√“™∑’Ë
‰∑¬‡√“„™â∑’Ë ”§—≠·≈–√⟮—°°—π¥’‰¥â·°à
æÿ ∑ ∏»— ° √“™ ®ÿ ≈ »— ° √“™ ·≈–¡À“
»—°√“™.
«‘∏’π—∫ªïæÿ∑∏»—°√“™¡’ Õß·∫∫.
·∫∫∑’Ë„™âÕ¬àŸ„π≈—ß°“ Õ‘π‡¥’¬ ·≈–æ¡à“
‡√‘Ë ¡ π— ∫ æÿ ∑ ∏»— ° √“™ Ò ∑— π ∑’ ‡ ¡◊Ë Õ
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“∑√ߥ—∫¢—π∏ª√‘π‘ææ“π.
 à«π·∫∫∑’Ë„™âÕ¬àŸ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ≈“«
·≈–‡¢¡√ ∂◊ Õ «à “ ªï æÿ ∑ ∏»— ° √“™‡ªì π
µ— « ‡ ≈ ¢ ∑’Ë ∫ Õ ° «à “ æ √ – æÿ ∑ ∏ ‡ ®â “
ª√‘ π‘ æ æ“π‰ª·≈â « °’Ë ªï ‡ µÁ ¡ , ®÷ ß µâ Õ ß
§ Õ ¬ ‡ « ≈ “ „ Àâ § √ ∫ À π÷Ë ß ªï À ≈— ß
ª√‘π‘ææ“π‡ ’¬°àÕπ®÷ß®–π—∫‡ªìπæÿ∑∏
»—°√“™ Ò. (À√◊Õ®–查Ւ°π—¬Àπ÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ
Õ‘π‡¥’¬·≈–≈—ß°“ π—∫ æ.». ·∫∫ªï¬à“ß,
 à«π‰∑¬π—∫·∫∫ªï‡µÁ¡). ‡æ√“–©–π—πÈ
ªï æÿ ∑ ∏»— ° √“™¢Õ߉∑¬®÷ ß πâ Õ ¬°«à “ ªï
æÿ∑∏»—°√“™·∫∫æ¡à“ Õ‘π‡¥’¬ ·≈–
‡«≈“¡“µ√∞“π‰∑¬

≈—ß°“Õ¬àŸ Ò ªï‡ ¡Õ.
»—°√“™∑’Ë¡’„™â¡“°„π‡Õ° “√‡°à“
¢Õ߉∑¬Õ’ ° Õ¬à “ ßÀπ÷Ë ß §◊ Õ ®ÿ ≈ »— ° √“™
‡ªìπ»—°√“™∑’˵—Èߢ÷Èπ„πæ¡à“. ‡¢â“„®«à“
π”¡“„™â„π√“™°“√„π·ºàπ¥‘π ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–¡À“∏√√¡√“™“∏‘ √ “™. ∂â “ ®–
‡ª≈’ˬπ„À⇪ìπªïæÿ∑∏»—°√“™ „Àâ‡Õ“
ÒÒ¯Ò ∫«°„Àâ·°àªï®ÿ≈»—°√“™.
»—°√“™„π°ÆÀ¡“¬‡°à“¢Õ߇√“
À≈“¬©∫—∫‡ªìπ¡À“»—°√“™, ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
»—°√“™¢ÕßÕ‘π‡¥’¬∑’‡Ë √’¬°«à“«‘°√¡ —ß«—µ
(Vikramasamvat). »—°√“™·∫∫π’È
¢÷Èπµâπªï„π‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π (®‘µ√¡“  √.».) ‡ªìπ»—°√“™∑“ß√“™°“√, ·≈–„Àâ
À√◊Õ‡®µ√¡“  À√◊Õ ‰®µ√¡“ ). ¡À“
»—°√“™π’æÈ √–‡®â“»“≈‘«“Àπ–µ—ßÈ ¢÷πÈ „πªï
æ.». ˆÚÒ. ∂â “ ®–∑”‡ªì π ªï æÿ ∑ ∏-
»—°√“™·≈â« „Àâ‡Õ“ ˆÚÒ ∫«°„Àâ·°àªï
¡À“»—°√“™.
§«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë®–«“ß√–‡∫’¬∫‡«≈“
„ Àâ ‡ ªì π ¡ “ µ √ ∞ “ π · πà π Õ π Õ ¬à “ ß
‡¥’ ¬ «°— π ∑—Ë « ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬π—È π ‡√‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π
„π√—™°“≈∑’Ë Ù. æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–
®Õ¡‡°≈â “ ‡®â “ Õ¬àŸ À— « ∑√ß πæ√–∑— ¬
·≈–∑√ß»÷°…“«‘™“‚À√“»“ µ√å∑—ÈߢÕß
‰∑¬¢Õß¡Õ≠·≈–«‘ ™ “¥“√“»“ µ√å
·∫∫µ–«—πµ°. ∑√߇¢â“æ√–∑—¬«‘∏’
°“√∑”ªØ‘ ∑‘ π ∑—È ß √–∫∫ ÿ √‘ ¬ §µ‘ · ≈–
®—π∑√§µ‘. ‰¥â∑√ßæ√–√“™π‘æπ∏å«‘∏’
§”π«≥ªí ° ¢§≥π“, «‘ ∏’ ‡ µ‘ ¡ ‡¥◊ Õ π
Õ∏‘°¡“ , «‘∏°’ “√∑”·≈–«‘∏„’ ™âÀ√◊ÕÕà“π
窥‘∑‘πé. ‰¥â‚ª√¥„Àâæ‘¡æå 窥‘∑‘πé
(∑’Ë ∑ √ßæ√–√“™π‘ æ π∏å ¢÷È π ‡Õß) ‡ªì π
§√—Èß·√°‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ÒÚ ¡’π“§¡ ÚÙÙ.
µàÕ¡“„π ¡—¬√—™°“≈∑’Ë ı °√¡
æ√–¬“‡∑«–«ß»å«‚√ª°“√‰¥â∑√ß»÷°…“
«‘ ™ “‚À√“»“ µ√å · ≈–¥“√“»“ µ√å ,
«‘ ÿ∑∏å ∫ÿ…¬°ÿ≈
∑√ߧ‘¥ªØ‘∑‘π‰∑¬µ“¡√–∫∫ ÿ√‘¬§µ‘
¢÷Èπ∑Ÿ≈‡°≈â“œ ∂«“¬, æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–®ÿ≈®Õ¡‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬àŸÀ—«∑√ßµ√–-
Àπ—°«à“ ‰∑¬π—∫«—π·µà®–µâÕßµ‘¥µàÕ
°—∫µà“ߪ√–‡∑»¡“°¢÷Èπ, ·≈–°“√∑’Ë®–
„À♓«µà“ß™“µ‘¡“„™âªØ‘∑‘π®—π∑√§µ‘
∑’ˇ√“„™âπ—Èπ§ß®–‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â¬“°. ®÷ß
‰¥â ∑ √ßæ√–°√ÿ ≥ “‚ª√¥‡°≈â “ œ µ√“
æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ª √–°“»„™â ª Ø‘ ∑‘ π
 ÿ√‘¬§µ‘‡¡◊ËÕ®ÿ≈»—°√“™ ÒÚı (æ.».
ÚÙÛÒ). æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘π’ȉ¥â°”Àπ¥
„Àâ„™â√—µπ‚° ‘π∑√»° (‡√’¬°‚¥¬¬àÕ«à“
‡√‘Ë¡„™â„π«—π∑’Ë Ò ‡¥◊Õπ ‡¡…“¬π æ.».
ÚÙÛÚ ‚¥¬π—∫‡ªìπ √.». Ò¯. ªï∑’Ë
ª√–°“»π’¢È πÈ÷ ªï„À¡à„π«—π∑’Ë Ò ‡¡…“¬π
·≈–‡√’ ¬ ߉ªµ“¡≈”¥— ∫ ®π∂÷ ß  ‘È π ªï „ π
‡¥◊Õπ¡’π“§¡. °“√π—∫√—µπ‚° ‘π∑√
»°π—È π „Àâ ∂◊ Õ ‡Õ“ªï ∑’Ë   √â “ ß°√ÿ ß ‡∑æœ
‡ªìπ‡¡◊ÕßÀ≈«ß‡ªìπ √.». Ò.
°àÕπÀπâ“π’ȉ∑¬‡√“‡§¬‡√’¬°™◊ËÕ
‡¥◊ Õ π«à “ ‡¥◊ Õ πÕâ “ ¬‡¥◊ Õ π¬’Ë ‡ ¥◊ Õ π “¡
‡¥◊Õπ ’Ë, ·µàªØ‘∑‘π ÿ√‘¬§µ‘∑’Ë®–„™âπ—Èπ
µâÕß°“√„Àâ„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫ªØ‘∑‘π∑’Ë™“«
µ–«—πµ°∑—Ë«‰ª„™â. °√¡æ√–¬“‡∑«–
«ß»å«‚√ª°“√∑√ßæ‘®“√≥“‡Õ“™◊ËÕ√“»’
∑—Èß ‘∫ Õß„π∑âÕßøÑ“¡“„™â, ‚¥¬‡Õ“™◊ËÕ
¿“…“ —π °ƒµ‡ªìπÀ≈—°. ‡¥◊Õπ‰Àπ¡’
Û «—π °Á∑√߇µ‘¡ çÕ“¬πé ∑⓬™◊ËÕ
¢Õß√“»’ ‡¥◊Õπ‰Àπ¡’ ÛÒ «—π°Á∑√ß„™â
çÕ“§¡é, ·≈–·¡â·µà‡¥◊Õπ∑’‡Ë À≈◊Õ∑’¡Ë «’ π—
Ú¯-Ú˘ «—π °Á„™â çÕ“æ—π∏åé ¡“‡µ‘¡.
‡¡◊ËÕºŸ°™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ‡ √Á® ª√“°Ø«à“‚À√
·≈–ºâŸ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ π„®∑—Ë«Ê ‰ª “¡“√∂
®”™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ‰¥â‡°◊Õ∫∑—π∑’. ‡Àµÿº≈∑’Ë
‡≈◊Õ°‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ·√°¢Õß
˜ı˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
ªï°Á‡æ√“–∑“ß‚À√“»“ µ√å·≈–¥“√“
»“ µ√å∂◊Õ«à“«—π¢÷Èπªï„À¡àÀ√◊Õ ç«—π
‡∂≈‘ß»°é §◊Õ«—π∑’Ë¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å‡¢â“ àŸ
√“»’‡¡…é.
µà Õ ¡“„πªï æ.». ÚÙıı, „π
·ºà 𠥑 π æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–¡ß°ÿ Ø -
‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬àŸÀ—«, ‰¥â¡’ª√–°“»≈ß«—π∑’Ë
ÚÒ °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å √.». ÒÛÒ „Àâ°≈—∫„™â
æÿ∑∏»—°√“™„π°“√π—∫ªï∑“ß√“™°“√.
√—µπ‚° ‘π∑√»—°√“™®÷߉¥â„™âÕ¬àŸ‡æ’¬ß
ÚÛ ªï. ·µà√–∫∫ªØ‘∑‘π ™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ °“√
‡µ‘¡«—πÕ∏‘° ÿ√∑‘π§ß„™âµ“¡·∫∫ “°≈
µ“¡‡¥‘¡‚¥¬‰¡à‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß. °“√¢÷Èπ
ªï„À¡à°Á§ß∂◊Õ‡Õ“«—π∑’Ë Ò ‡¡…“¬πµàÕ
‰ª.
ªïæ∑ÿ ∏»—°√“™∑’¢Ë π÷È µâπªï„π«—π∑’Ë Ò
‡¡…“¬ππ’È ‰ ¥â „ ™â ¡ “µ—È ß ·µà ªï ÚÙıˆ
‡√◊ËÕ¬¡“®π∂÷ß æ.». ÚÙ¯Û, √—∞∫“≈
‰¥â¡’ª√–°“»„Àâ¢÷Èπªï„À¡à„π«—π∑’Ë Ò
¡°√“§¡ ÚÙ¯Ù ‡ªìπµâπ‰ª.
..............................
„πµâπ√—™°“≈∑’Ë ı ‰¥â‚ª√¥‡°≈â“œ
„Àâ∑À“√‡√◊Õ¬‘ߪóπ‡∑’ˬß∑’Ë∑à“√“™«√¥‘∞
‡ªìπ —≠≠“≥‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇪ìπª√–‚¬™πå·°à
ºâ∑Ÿ ®Ë’ –µâÕß°“√µ—ßÈ ‡«≈“„Àâµ√ß°—∫ 燫≈“
¡—∏¬¡À√◊Õ¡‘π‰µ¡åé. ‡«≈“ª“π°≈“ß
À√◊Õ mean time π’È„Àâ∂◊Õµ“¡‡«≈“
¡“µ√∞“π¢Õ߉∑¬∑’Ë çÀÕÕÕ∫‡´Õ√å-
‡«µµÕ√’À≈«ß ´÷Ëßµ—ÈßÕ¬àŸ„π·≈µµ‘®Ÿ¥
ÒÛ.ÙÙıÛ¯¯ ‡Àπ◊Õ ·≈–≈Õß°‘®Ÿ¥
ª√–¡“≥ Ò.Ú¯Ùı µ–«—πÕÕ°é.
‡¥‘¡„À⬑ߪóπ‡∑’ˬ߇©æ“–„π«—π‡ “√å,
·µàµàÕ¡“„πªï æ.». ÚÙÛ, ‰¥â„À⬑ß
ªóπ‡∑’¬Ë ß∑ÿ°«—π (®π¡’ª√–°“»°√–∑√«ß
°≈“‚À¡„Àâ‡≈‘°¬‘ߪóπ‡∑’ˬ߇¡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ
∏—𫓧¡ æ.». ÚÙ˜˜).
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
‡«≈“¡“µ√∞“π¢Õ߉∑¬·≈–°“√
¬‘ߪóπ‡∑’¬Ë ß„π ¡—¬√—™°“≈∑’Ë ı ®÷ßÕ“»—¬
燫≈“∑â Õ ß∂‘Ë π é ∑’Ë∂◊Õµ“¡∑’˵—Èß∑“ß
¿Ÿ¡‘»“ µ√å¢Õß°√ÿ߇∑æœ, §◊Õ„™â‡«≈“
µ“¡‡ âπ≈Õß°‘®Ÿ¥ Ò.Ú¯Ùı Õß»“
µ–«—πÕÕ°, ´÷Ë߇√’¬°«à“‡«≈“ GMT
À√◊ Õ ‡«≈“¢ÕßÀÕ¥Ÿ ¥ “«∑’Ë ° √’ π‘ ™ ª√–
‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ…Õ¬àŸ ˆ ™—Ë«‚¡ß ÙÒ π“∑’
ı˜.Û «‘π“∑’*.
°“√¢÷È π «— π „À¡à ¢ Õ߉∑¬‡¥‘ ¡ ∂◊ Õ
µ“¡ª√–‡æ≥’‚À√, §◊Õ¢÷πÈ «—π„À¡à‡«≈“ ˆ
π“Ãî°“µ√ßÀ√◊Õ‡«≈“¬Ë”√àÿß. ‡√“∂◊Õ
µ“¡ª√–‡æ≥’π’ȇ√◊ËÕ¬¡“®π¡’ª√–°“»
æ√–√“™°ƒ…Æ’°“„π æ.». ÚÙˆ „Àâ
ç¢÷Èπ«—π„À¡àé „π‡«≈“‡∑’ˬߧ◊π¢Õß«—π
‡°à“À√◊Õ‡«≈“ : π“Ãî°“°àÕπ‡∑’ˬß
¢Õß«—π„À¡à, ·µà‡«≈“¡“µ√∞“π¢Õß
‰∑¬¬— ß §ß∂◊ Õ µ“¡‡ â π ‡¡√‘ ‡ ¥’ ¬ πÀ√◊ Õ
‡ âπ≈Õß°‘®Ÿ¥¢Õß°√ÿ߇∑æœ µ“¡‡¥‘¡.
µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Òˆ ¡’π“§¡ æ.».
ÚÙˆÚ „π·ºà 𠥑 π æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ®
æ√–‡®â“Õ¬àŸÀ—«√—™°“≈∑’Ë ˆ ‰¥â¡’æ√–
√“™°ƒ…Æ’°“°”À𥇫≈“¡“µ√∞“π
¢Õ߉∑¬„Àâ‡√Á«°«à“‡«≈“ª“π°≈“ߢÕß
ÀÕ¥Ÿ ¥ “«°√’ π‘ ™ ª√–‡∑»Õ— ß °ƒ… ˜
™—Ë«‚¡ß‡µÁ¡, ·≈–„Àâ‡√‘Ë¡„™âµ—Èß·µà«—π∑’Ë Ò
*§ß¡’¢âÕº‘¥æ≈“¥∫“ߪ√–°“√, ‡æ√“–∂ⓧ‘¥
®“°‡ âπ≈Õß°‘®Ÿ¥ Ò.Ú¯Ùı Õß»“µ–«—π
ÕÕ°·≈â«, ‡«≈“§«√®–‡√Á«°«à“ GMT Õ¬àŸ ˆ
™—Ë«‚¡ß ÙÒ π“∑’ ¯.Ú¯ «‘π“∑’. ·µà∂â“∂◊Õ
‡«≈“ µ“¡·®âߧ«“¡¢Õß°√–∑√«ß∑À“√‡√◊Õ
≈ß«—π∑’Ë Òˆ ¡’π“§¡ æ.». ÚÙˆÚ ´÷Ëß√–∫ÿ
«à“ 笑ߪóπ‡ªìπ —≠≠“‡«≈“‡∑’ˬߴ÷Ë߉¥â‡§¬
¬‘ßÕ¬àŸ‚¥¬‡«≈“¡—∏¬¡°“≈ ”À√—∫°√ÿ߇∑æœ
ˆ ™—Ë«‚¡ß ÙÒ π“∑’ °—∫ ı˜.Û «‘π“∑’°àÕπ
‡«≈“°√’π‘™é ·≈â«, ‡ âπ≈Õß°‘®Ÿ¥∑’˺à“π
°√ÿ߇∑æœ πà“®–‡ªìπ Ò.Ù¯¯˜ı Õß»“
µ–«—πÕÕ°.
‡¡…“¬π æ.». ÚÙˆÛ. ‡«≈“π’ȧ߄™â
‡ªìπ‡«≈“¡“µ√∞“π¢Õ߉∑¬¡“®π∂÷ß
ªí®®ÿ∫—π.
..............................
‰¥â°≈à“«¡“·≈â««à“ ‡«≈“®—π∑√§µ‘
· ∫ ∫ ∑’Ë ‰ ∑ ¬ „ ™â π—È π ‡ ªì π · ∫ ∫ º   ¡
√–À«à“ß ÿ√‘¬§µ‘·≈–®—π∑√§µ‘, À¡“¬
§«“¡«à“°“√π—∫‡¥◊Õπ·≈–π—∫«—π§ß„™â
µ“¡¥«ß®—π∑√å, §◊Õπ—∫«—π¢÷ÈπÀ√◊Õ·√¡
§Ë”Àπ÷Ëß Õߧ˔ “¡§Ë”, °“√π—∫‡¥◊Õπ°Á
π—∫‡¥◊ÕπÕ⓬‡¥◊Õπ¬’ˇ¥◊Õπ “¡‡¥◊Õπ ’Ë,
·µà°“√¢÷Èπªï„À¡àπ—Èπ¡’∂÷ß Ù Õ¬à“ߥ⫬
°—π.
(Ò) ∂Ⓡªìπªïπ—°…—µ√ §◊ժ¥
©≈Ÿ ¢“≈ ‡∂“– œ≈œ ¢Õ߉∑¬ ªï‡°à“®–
‡ª≈’ˬπ™◊Ëժ‡ªìπ„À¡à„π «— π ¢÷È π §Ë”
Àπ÷ßË ‡¥◊ÕπÕ⓬, §◊Õ‡ª≈’¬Ë π™◊ÕË ªïπ°— …—µ√
(®“°ªï™«¥‡ªìπªï©≈Ÿ ®“°ªï©≈Ÿ‡ªìπ¢“≈
œ≈œ).
(Ú) ∂Ⓡªìπªï®≈ÿ »—°√“™À√◊Õ¡À“
»—°√“™, °“√¢÷Èπªï„À¡àÕ“»—¬∑’˧”π«≥
µ“¡§—¡¿’√ å √ÿ ¬‘ ¬“µ√✝ ´÷ßË °”Àπ¥«à“¢÷πÈ
ªï„À¡à„π«—π‡∂≈‘ß»° §◊Õ‡¡◊ÕË ¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å
‡¢â“‡ «¬√“»’‡¡…‡µÁ¡¥«ß·≈â«.
(Û) ∂Ⓡªìπªï ç ÿ√‘¬§µ‘é ·∫∫
‰∑¬ ‰¥â·°à√—µπ‚° ‘π∑√»° (π—∫¬âÕπ
À≈—ßµ—Èß·µà‡¡◊ËÕ·√°‡√‘Ë¡ √â“ß°√ÿ߇∑æœ
„πªï æ.». ÚÛÚı ‡ªìπ √.». Ò ∂÷ߪï
√.». ÒÛÒ) ·≈–æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ (µ—Èß·µà
æ.». ÚÙıˆ ∂÷ß æ.». ÚÙ¯Û) ¢÷Èπªï
✝
§—¡¿’√ å √ÿ ¬‘ ¬“µ√‡ªìπ§—¡¿’√∑å “ß¥“√“ »“ µ√å
∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ«à“‰¥â¡“®“°¡Õ≠. ™◊ËÕ¢Õߧ—¡¿’√å
∑”„Àâπ°÷ ∂÷ߧ—¡¿’√ å √Ÿ ¬ ‘∑∏“πµå¢ÕßÕ‘π‡¥’¬,
‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡¡◊ËÕµ—«‡≈¢ à«π„À≠à¢Õߧ—¡¿’√å
 ÿ√‘¬¬“µ√∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπÀ≈—°„π°“√§”π«≥π—Èπ
µ√ß°—∫µ—«‡≈¢¢Õߧ—¡¿’√å Ÿ√¬ ‘∑∏“πµå.
˜ˆ
„À¡à„π«—π∑’Ë Ò ‡¡…“¬π. ·≈–‡Àµÿ∑’Ë
‡≈◊Õ°‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π°Á¡’‡Àµÿº≈‡™àπ°—∫
∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“·≈â«„π¢âÕ (Ú) ¢â“ß∫π.
(Ù) ∂Ⓡªìπªïæ∑ÿ ∏»—°√“™ µ—ßÈ ·µà
ªï æ.». ÚÙ¯Ù ¡“®π∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π ¢÷Èπ
ªï„À¡à„π«—π∑’Ë Ò ¡°√“§¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡
 –¥«°„π°“√π—∫·≈–°”À𥫗π‡«≈“
·≈–ªï„π°“√µ‘¥µàÕ°—∫π“π“™“µ‘.
..............................
«—π¢÷πÈ ªï„À¡à¢Õߪï®≈ÿ »—°√“™À√◊Õ
¡À“»—°√“™π—ÈπµâÕߧ”π«≥µ“¡§—¡¿’√å
 ÿ√‘¬¬“µ√ ´÷Ëß°”À𥫗π·≈–‡«≈“„π
™à«ß‡∑»°“≈ ß°√“πµå. ™à«ß‡«≈“π’È
‚¥¬ª√°µ‘·≈â«®–·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ Û «—π.
«—π·√°‰¥â·°à«—π∑’Ë ÒÛ ‡¡…“¬π,
‡ªì π «— π ∑’Ë ¥ «ßÕ“∑‘ µ ¬å ‚ §®√ºà “ π‰ª
®π∂÷ß√–¬– ÿ¥∑⓬¢Õß√“»’¡’π (The
Pisces) ·≈–‡√‘¡Ë ‡¢â“‰ª à√Ÿ “»’‡¡… (The
Aries). «—ππ’ȇ√’¬°«à“ ç«—π ß°√“πµåé
À√◊ Õ ç«— π ¡À“ ß°√“πµå é ´÷Ë ß ·ª≈
µ“¡µ—««à“ ç°“√°â“«‡¢â“√à«¡é. °“√
‡¢â“ àŸ√“»’‡¡…„π√–¬–·√°π’È¡’≈—°…≥–
§≈â“¬Ê °—∫«à“«ß¢Õߥ«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬åæ÷Ëß
®–≈È”‡¢â“‰ª„π√“»’‡¡….
«—π∑’ Ë Õ߉¥â·°à«π— ∑’Ë ÒÙ ‡¡…“¬π.
„π«—ππ’È¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å‡¢â“‰ª„π√“»’‡¡…
·≈â«∫“ß à«π ·µà¬—߉¡àÀ¡¥¥«ß. «—π∑’Ë
 Õßπ’ȇ√’¬°«à“ ç«—π‡π“é
«— π ∑’Ë   “¡ ¡— ° ‰¥â · °à «— π ∑’Ë Òı
‡¡…“¬π. ¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å®–‡¢â“‰ª„π√“»’
‡¡…¡“°¢÷Èπ ·≈–®–‡¢â“‰ª∑—Èߥ«ßµ“¡
‡«≈“∑’Ë‚À√§”π«≥‰«â. «—ππ’ȇ√’¬°‡ªìπ
¿“…“‡©æ“–«à“ ç«—π‡∂≈‘ß»°é, ·≈–
∂◊ Õ «à “ ‡ªì π «— π  ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬¢Õ߇∑»°“≈
 ß°√“πµå.
«—π‡∂≈‘ß»°µ“¡§—¡¿’√å ÿ√‘¬¬“µ√
‡«≈“¡“µ√∞“π‰∑¬
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

®–‡≈◊ËÕπ‰ª¢â“ßÀπ⓪ï≈– ÚÛ π“∑’’ ÛÙı «—π‡∂≈‘ß»°¢Õߧ—¡¿’√å ÿ√‘¬- °≈“ߢÕߥ«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å‚§®√‰ªµ“¡‡ âπ

Ù˘.˘Ú «‘π“∑’ (∂â“查„π‡™‘ß§«“¡¬“«
¢Õßªï ªï§—¡¿’√å ÿ√‘¬¬“µ√π—Èπ‡∑à“°—∫
Ûˆı.Úı¯˜ı «—π (Ûˆı «—π ˆ ™—«Ë ‚¡ß
ÒÚ π“∑’ Ûˆ «‘π“∑’) „πªï æ.». ÚıÙı
«—π‡∂≈‘ß»°µ“¡§—¡¿’√ å √ÿ ¬‘ ¬“µ√§◊Õ«—π∑’Ë
Òˆ ‡¡…“¬π ‡«≈“ ˘ π“Ãî°“ Û˜ π“∑’
Ù¯ «‘π“∑’. Õ’° ı ªï À√◊Õ„π æ.».
¬“µ√®–‡ªìπ«—π∑’Ë ÚÙ ‡¡…“¬π ‡«≈“
Ò¯ π“Ãî°“ Û˜ π“∑’ Ù¯ «‘π“∑’.
§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊Ë Õ ππ’È ‡ ∑à “ °— ∫  Õ߇∑à “
‡»…¢Õߪؑ∑‘π®Ÿ‡≈’¬π.
„π∑“ߥ“√“»“ µ√å , «— π ‡∂≈‘ ß
»°∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷ßπ’ȧ◊Õ«—π ç« —𵫑…ÿ«—µ
Vernal Equinoxé, ´÷Ë߉¥â·°à«—π∑’Ë®ÿ¥
ç√«‘¡“√§- Eclipticé ∂÷ß®ÿ¥∑’ˇ âπ
√«‘ ¡ “√§µ— ¥ °— ∫ ‡ â π »Ÿ π ¬å  Ÿ µ √øÑ “ ,
ª√–¡“≥«—π∑’Ë ÚÒ ¡’π“§¡¢Õß∑ÿ°ªï.
„π∑“ߥ“√“»“ µ√å ®ÿ¥« —𵫑…ÿ«—µπ’È
‡§≈◊Ë Õ π∑’Ë ‰ ª∑“ßµ–«— π µ°∑ÿ ° ªï „ π
≈— ° …≥–∑’Ë ® –∑”„Àâ ¡’ º ≈µ√ߢ⠓ ¡°— ∫
·π«‚πâ¡¢Õߧ—¡¿’√ å √ÿ ¬‘ ¬“µ√.

Abstract The Thai Standard Time

Visudh Busyakul
Associate Member, the Academy of Arts, the Royal Institute, Thailand
The confusion in time reckoning due to the concurrent use of several independent railroad
times and local times in America led to the international conference of 27 nations in 1884 in Wash-
ington D.C., which eventually resulted in the international agreement of establishing time zones of
the world.
The ancient Babylonian and Egyptian thinkers attempted to create a calendar sysatem based
on the movements of celestial bodies known to them at that time, but it was Julius Caesar who first
announced the Julian calendar in 46 BC. This calendar, which was suggested by Sosigenes of Alex-
andria, was in 1582 A.D. improved upon by Pope Gregory XIII.
The basic calendar system of the Thai people is lunar, but the refinement, especially the adjust-
ment of year length, is based on Suriyayatra, an old astronomical text reportedly imported from the
Mon nation in southern Burma. The Buddhist era, the Mahasakkarat era, and the Chullasakkarat era
were all employed in the Ayutthaya period. In B.E. 2432 (A.D. 1889) King Rama V founded the
Ratanakosin Era and introduced the solar calendar system as the official time reckoning. The era
was in use for 23 years. In B.E. 2455, King Rama VI reverted to the Buddhist Era, but the actual solar
calendar system was kept unaltered.
According to the ancient Thai general practice, a new day began at sunrise, and was from B.E.
2460 (A.D. 1917) changed to midnight to conform to the international practice. The official “Bangkok
mean time” was a few years later changed from that based on the longitude of Bangkok to be exactly
seven hours ahead of GMT.
The New Year‘s day of the Buddhist era was changed to January 1 in A.D. 1941. The traditional
New Year’s Day, which historically coincided with the vernal equinox of the modern astronomy, has
been kept as a traditional public holiday. The fixing of the day is governed by the traditional
Suriyayatra text, which causes it to be moved from March 21st to April 16th at the present time. The
day will continue to move and will fall on April 24th in 500 years from now.
Key word : Thai standard time

«‘ ÿ∑∏å ∫ÿ…¬°ÿ≈
˜ˆÒ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

Abstract The Thai Standard Time

Visudh Busyakul
Associate Member, the Academy of Arts, the Royal Institute, Thailand
The confusion in time reckoning due to the concurrent use of several independent railroad
times and local times in America led to the international conference of 27 nations in 1884 in Wash-
ington D.C., which eventually resulted in the international agreement of establishing time zones
around the world.
The ancient Babylonian and Egyptian thinkers attempted to create a calendar sysatem based
on the movements of celestial bodies known to them at that time, but it was Julius Caesar who first
announced the Julian calendar in 46 BC. This calendar, which was suggested by Sosigenes of Alex-
andria, was in 1582 A.D. improved upon by Pope Gregory XIII.
The basic calendar system of the Thai people is lunar, but the refinement, especially the adjust-
ment of year length, is based on Suriyayatra, an old astronomical text reportedly imported from the
Mon nation in southern Burma. The Buddhist era, the Mahasakkarat era, and the Chullasakkarat era
were all employed in the Ayutthaya period. In B.E. 2432 (A.D. 1889) King Rama V founded the
Ratanakosin Era and introduced the solar calendar system as the official time reckoning. The era
was in use for 23 years. In B.E. 2455, King Rama VI reverted to the Buddhist Era, but the actual solar
calendar system was kept unaltered.
According to the ancient Thai general practice, a new day began at sunrise, and was from B.E.
2460 (A.D. 1917) changed to midnight to conform to the international practice. The official “Bangkok
mean time” was a few years later changed from that based on the longitude of Bangkok to be exactly
seven hours ahead of GMT.
The New Year‘s day of the Buddhist era was changed to January 1 in A.D. 1941. The traditional
New Year’s Day, which historically coincided with the vernal equinox of modern astronomy, has
been kept as a traditional public holiday. The fixing of the day is governed by the traditional
Suriyayatra text, which causes it to be moved from March 21st to April 16th at the present time. The
day will continue to move and will fall on April 24th in 500 years from now.
Key word : Thai standard time

‡«≈“¡“µ√∞“π‰∑¬
˜ˆÚ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002 ∫∑§«“¡

√—∫‡™‘≠
°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫√“™°“√* æ—πµ”√«®‚∑ ¥√.∑—°…‘≥ ™‘π«—µ√
𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’

reform) ®÷ß®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–„Àâæπ—°ß“π
„π¬ÿ § ‚≈°“¿‘ «— µ πå ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬°Á ‰ ¥â √— ∫ º≈°√–∑∫ ∑—È ß ∑“ß
¢Õß√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π∑ÿ°Ê °√¡ ∑”°“√
‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡®“°°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«µ“¡ ∂“π-
°“√≥å¢Õß‚≈°‰ª¥â«¬ ·≈–∂÷߇«≈“·≈â«∑’Ë√—∞∫“≈®–ª√—∫ª√ÿß√–∫∫ „Àâ ‰ ¥â µ “¡Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ·≈–„Àâ ‰ ¥â ª √–™ÿ ¡
√“™°“√·≈–°ÆÀ¡“¬„Àâ∑π—  ¡—¬ Õ¥√—∫°—∫§«“¡‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ߢÕß‚≈°, ª√÷°…“À“√◊Õ°—π, ∑”°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß„Àâ
´÷Ë߉¡à‰¥â¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß„π™à«ß‡«≈“ ÒÚ¯ ªï ∑’˺à“π¡“. ¢≥–‡¥’¬« ∂÷ß°—π‚¥¬ßà“¬ ‚¥¬‡√Á«, ∑”°“√√—∫º‘¥
°—π°Á„Àâ¡’»—°¬¿“æ ≈¥¢—ÈπµÕπ §≈àÕßµ—« √«¥‡√Á« ‡Õ◊ÈÕª√–‚¬™πå ™Õ∫„πÀπâ“∑’Ë¢Õßµ—«‚¥¬À≈’°≈’ȉ¡à‰¥â.
„Àâ·°àª√–™“™π·≈– —ߧ¡‰¥âÕ¬à“ß·∑â®√‘ß, ‚¥¬√—∞∫“≈®–‡√‘Ë¡µâπ®“° √«¡§«“¡°ÁÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«§◊Õ °“√ªØ‘√Ÿª
°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª‚§√ß √â“ß√–∫∫√“™°“√ ‚¥¬·∫àß°√–∑√«ß·≈–°√¡µ“¡
√–∫∫√“™°“√ ·≈–π’ˇªìπ¥â“π‡Àµÿ∑’Ë
°≈àÿ¡¿“√°‘®‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥§«“¡´È”´âÕπ, æ√âÕ¡Ê °—∫ª√—∫√–∫∫ß∫ª√–¡“≥
„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—π°àÕπ ·≈â««“߬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å‡æ‘Ë¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√ ®–®—¥°“√∑—Èߪ«ß‰¥â ”‡√Á®µ≈Õ¥. ∂â“
∑”ß“π ª√—∫ «— ¥‘°“√¢Õߧπ∑”ß“π œ≈œ ∑—Èß√–∫∫, ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ§π∑’Ë¡’ °“√‡√◊Ë Õ ßπ’È ¬— ß ‰¡à ‡ ªì π °“√‡√’ ¬ ∫√â Õ ¬
§«“¡√⟠§π‡°àßÕ¬à‰Ÿ ¥â„π√–∫∫√“™°“√ ‰¥â„™â»°— ¬¿“æ¢ÕßµπÕ¬à“߇µÁ¡∑’,Ë °“√Õ◊πË Ê ¬“°π—°∑’®Ë –µ≈Õ¥‰ª‰¥â. ‡ÀÁπ
Õ—π®– àߺ≈„Àâª√–™“™πÕ¬àŸ¥’°‘π¥’¢÷Èπ ·≈–ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘‡¢â¡·¢Á߬◊π ‰À¡«à“Õ¬à“ßπ’ȇ¢“‡√’¬°«à“ «‘ —¬∑—»πå
À¬—¥Õ¬àŸ„π‡«∑’‚≈°‰¥âÕ¬à“߇µÁ¡¿“§¿Ÿ¡‘. ®√‘ßÊ. Õ¬à“ßæ«°‡√“¡—Ë«Ê °Á‡ªìπ«‘ —Èπ
§” ”§—≠ : °“√ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫√“™°“√ §◊Õ‰¡à¬“«. æ√–Õߧå∑à“π∑√ß¡Õß
°“√≥剰≈ Ò °«à“ªï·≈â« «—ππ’Èæ√–
√“™¥”√—   π’È ¬— ß „™â ‰ ¥â „ π¿“«°“√≥å
º¡¢Õ‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π ‚¥¬Õ— ≠ ‡™‘ ≠ æ√– √–∫∫√“™°“√„πªï ÚÙÛı §◊Õ Ò¯ ªí®®ÿ∫—π, ‡æ’¬ß·µàª√—∫‡¢â“°—∫§”查
√“™¥”√— ¢Õßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®ÿ≈- ªï À ≈— ß ®“°∑’Ë ¡’ æ √–√“™¥”√‘ ∂÷ ß §«“¡  ¡—¬„À¡à‡∑à“π—πÈ . ‡¥’¬Î «º¡®–‡≈à“„Àâøßí
®Õ¡‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬àŸÀ—« √—™°“≈∑’Ë ı ‡¡◊ËÕªï ®”‡ªìπ·≈–§«“¡µâÕß°“√ ”§—≠„π °“√ §◊ Õ ∑’Ë æ √–Õߧå ∑à “ π√— ∫  —Ë ß «à “ µâ Õ ß°“√
ÚÙÒ˜ ‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡Àµÿº≈„π°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫√“™°“√ (Government °“√ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª √–∫∫√“™°“√ ∑’Ë ®”‡ªì π
¢Õß°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª§◊ÕÕ–‰√, ®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–„Àâ
*‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß®“°ª“∞°∂“摇»…¢Õß æ.µ.∑. ¥√.∑—°…‘≥ ™‘π«—µ√ 𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’ „πæ‘∏’‡ªî¥°“√ —¡¡π“ æπ—°ß“π¢Õß√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π∑ÿ°°√¡
∑“ß«‘™“°“√ª√–®”ªï ÚıÙı ¢Õß ∂“∫—π∫—≥±‘µæ—≤π∫√‘À“√»“ µ√å (NIDA) ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Òˆ ¡’π“§¡ ∑”ß“π‰¥âµ“¡Àπâ“∑’Ë, °Á§◊Õ«à“‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
æ.». ÚıÙı ∑”ß“π‰¥âÕ¬à“ߥ’ Õ¬à“ߧ≈àÕßµ—« Õ¬à“ß

°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫√“™°“√
˜ˆÚ

‡À¡“– ¡ ‚¥¬ª√–™ÿ¡À“√◊Õ°—π, π—πË §◊Õ
°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡‚¥¬∑—Ë«°—π.  à«π°“√
 √â “ ߇§√◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬‡ªì π ≈— ° …≥–¢Õß°“√
¡’Õߧå°√∑’ˇªìπ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°—π
µ‘¥µàÕ°—𠇪ìπÕߧå°√‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ (net-
working organization) ·≈–
∑”°“√‡¥‘π∑“߉ª∂÷ß°—π‚¥¬ßà“¬ ‚¥¬
‡√Á« π—Ëπ§◊Õ e-Government ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
°“√‡¥‘ π ∑“ߢÕߢâ Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡ªì π ‰ªÕ¬à “ ß
§≈àÕßµ—«„π°“√∑’Ë®–µ—¥ ‘π„®. „π°“√
∑’Ë®–¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π°“√µ—¥ ‘π„® ∑”°“√√—∫
º‘¥™Õ∫„πÀπâ“∑’Ë¢Õßµ—«‡Õß ‚¥¬À≈’°
≈’ȉ¡à‰¥â, π—Ëπ§◊Õ°“√‡ªìπ‡®â“¿“æ §◊Õ
∑ÿ°√–¥—∫µâÕß¡’ CEO ¡’ºâŸ√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫,
‡æ√“–‰¡à‡™àππ—Èπ®–À“§π√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫
‰¡à‰¥â, ¡’·µà√—∫™Õ∫ ‰¡à§àÕ¬√—∫º‘¥ °Á
Õ¬à“ß∫“ߧπ∑’˺¡‡§¬‡≈à“„Àâøíß. º¡¥ÿ
Õ¬àŸ«à“·À¡‡√◊ËÕßπ’È·¬à¡“°∑”‰¡‰¡à∑”
Õ¬à“ßπ—πÈ ∑—ßÈ ∑’‡Ë ªìπ¿“√–¢Õß∑à“πÕ∏‘∫¥’
§ππ—Èπ. ∑à“π°Á∫Õ° çπ—Ëππà– ‘é ∑”‰¡
∂÷߇ªìπÕ¬à“ßπ’È°Á‰¡à√âŸ. º¡Õ¬“°®–查
·√ßÊ °Á‡°√ß„® „À⇰’¬√µ‘°—π ‡æ√“–«à“
º¡‡ªìπ𓬰œ Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬°«à“Õ∏‘∫¥’ °Á
‡≈¬µâÕ߇°Á∫‰ªπ—Ëߧ‘¥«à“ π’˧◊Õ√–∫∫
∑’ËÀ“‡®â“¿“æ‰¡à‰¥â π’˧◊Õ√–∫∫ªí®®ÿ∫—π
∑’Ë ‡ √“„™â Õ ¬àŸ . √«¡§«“¡°“√ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª
√–∫∫√“™°“√µâ Õ ßªØ‘ √Ÿ ª ‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ∑ÿ °
Õ¬à“߇ªìπ‰ª¥â«¬§«“¡‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬ §◊Õ
°“√∑”ß“πÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ, °“√
∫√‘°“√ª√–™“™πÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ.
æ√–√“™¥”√— π’È ÒÚ¯ ªï¡“·≈â«
§◊Õ«‘ ¬— ∑—»πå¢Õßæ√–Õߧå∑“à π‡¡◊ÕË ÒÚ¯
ªï¡“·≈â« ¬—ß “¡“√∂ª√–¬ÿ°µåª√—∫„™â
°—∫¬ÿ§ªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’. π’˧◊Õ
§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–查°’˧√—ÈßÊ °Á§◊ÕµâÕß
æ—≤π“√–∫∫Õߧå°√. „π°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª
æ.µ.∑.∑—°…‘≥ ™‘π«—µ√
√–∫∫√“™°“√§ß‰¡à„™à‡√◊ÕË ß„¥‡√◊ÕË ßÀπ÷ßË
∫“ߧπ欓¬“¡ÕÕ°¡“查‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫
«à“ºâŸ∑’Ë∑”Õ¬àŸπ’ȉ¡à√âŸ. ·µà°“√查π’Èßà“¬
°«à“°“√∑”¡“° ∑’¿Ë “…“Õ—ß°ƒ…∫Õ°«à“
çMuch easy said than doneé.
‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ∫“ߧ√—Èß°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µâÕß¡’
¢—ÈπµÕπ·≈–¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬, ·µà
‡√“‰¡à   “¡“√∂∑”§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬
¢÷Èπæ√âÕ¡°—π„π‡«≈“‡¥’¬« ·≈â«∫“ß∑’
¢â“¡¢—ÈπµÕπ°Á‡ªìπªí≠À“ ‡æ√“–§«“¡
√—∫√⟠§«“¡æÕ„®„π°“√®–√à«¡°—π·°â
ªí≠À“ √à«¡°—πªØ‘√Ÿªπ—Èπ‰¡à‡∑à“°—π,
§◊ÕµâÕß¡Õß¿“æ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥°àÕπ«à“µâÕß
∑”Õ–‰√∫â“ß, ·≈â«¡“«“ß·ºπ«à“®–∑”
Õ–‰√°àÕπ Õ–‰√À≈—ß. «—ππ’È∑”‰¥â·§àπ’È
 ¡¡ÿµ‘«à“¡’ Ò °â“« ·µà«—ππ’È°â“«‰¥â·§à
Û µâÕ߬ա√—∫«à“µâÕ߇√‘Ë¡µâπ Û °â“«
·√°°àÕπ ¡—π∂÷ß®–¡’°â“«∑’Ë Ù ®π∂÷ß
°â“«∑’Ë Ò. ·µà∂â“¡“∫Õ°«à“∑”Õ¬à“ß
π’·È ¬à¡“° µâÕ߉ª°â“«∑’Ë Ò ‡≈¬. §ÿ≥
查‰¥â ·µà§ÿ≥∑”‰¥â‰À¡, ¡—π‰¡à‰¥â
À√Õ° µâÕß°â“« Û °â“«°àÕπ·≈⫧àÕ¬
°â“«µàÕ, π’˧◊Õ ‘Ëß∑’Ë°”≈—ß∑”Õ¬àŸ.
°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª°Á§◊Õ √ÿª«à“∂â“∑à“π¡’
§π∑’Ë∑”∏ÿ√°‘® ®–√⟫à“∂â“¡’Õߧå°√‡≈Á°Ê
Ò Õß§å ° √ «— π π’È Õ ß§å ° √π’È   ¡¡ÿ µ‘ «à “
‡ªìπ∫√‘…—∑°Á·≈â«°—π. «—ππ’È∫√‘…—∑π’È
‡ªìπ∫√‘…—∑∑’˺âŸ∫√‘À“√‰¡à‰¥â√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫
Õ–‰√‡≈¬ ¡“·≈â«°Á‰ª ¡“·≈â«°Á‰ª,
·µà∫—߇Ց≠«à“∫√‘…—∑π’È¡’‡§√¥‘µ°âŸ‡ß‘π‰¥â
‰¡àÕ—Èπ ∫√‘…—∑π’È°Á‡®√‘≠¥â«¬‡ß‘π°âŸ °âŸ¡“
°Á´◊ÈÕ‚µä–‡°â“Õ’È ·µàßÀâÕß∑”ß“π «¬Ê
ß“¡Ê, ¡’√∂‡∫Áπ´å„ÀâºâŸ®—¥°“√„À≠ࢗ∫,
·µà∫√‘…—∑π’È°Á¢“¥∑ÿπµ≈Õ¥ æπ—°ß“π
°Á‡ß‘π‡¥◊ÕππâÕ¬‡À≈◊Õ‡°‘π ‡æ√“–«à“
‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡ß‘ 𠇥◊ Õ π°Á ‰ ¡à ‰ ¥â ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°«à “
˜ˆÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
∫√‘…—∑¢“¥∑ÿπ. ·µà¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π
∫√‘…—∑°Á¢¬“¬°‘®°“√µ—Èß‚√ßß“π„À¡à
‡æ√“–°âŸ ‡ ß‘ π ‰¥â µ—È ß ‚√ßß“π·≈â « °Á
¢“¥∑ÿπÕ’°. ∂“¡«à“∫√‘…—∑π’È®–·¢Áß
·√߉À¡ ‰¡à·¢Áß·√ß. ·≈â««‘∏’°“√®–
∑”Õ¬à“߉√„Àâ∫√‘…—∑·¢Áß·√ß ·πàπÕπ
µâÕߪ√—∫‚§√ß √â“ß, ª√—∫«‘∏°’ “√∑”ß“π,
ª√—∫∑—»π§µ‘¢Õߧπ∑”ß“π, ª√—∫ «— -
¥‘¿“æ  «— ¥‘°“√, ª√—∫·π«∑“ß„π
°“√®—¥ √â“ß√“¬‰¥â„À¡à‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡’√“¬
‰¥â‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ, ª√—∫‚§√ß √â“ßÀπ’ȇæ◊ËÕ≈¥
Àπ’È ‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâÀπ’ÈπâÕ¬≈߇∫“∫“ß≈ß, ´÷Ëß
 “¡“√∂∫√‘°“√Àπ’ȉ¥â. ∂Ⓡªìπ∫√‘…—∑
®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥‡æ√“–¡—π‡≈Á°.
·µà ∂â “ ‡ªì π ª√–‡∑»≈à – ∂“¡«à “
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬«— π π’È ‡ ªì π Õ¬à “ ߉√∫â “ ß,
Àπ’È  Ÿ ß ‡°‘ ¥ ®“°Õ–‰√ ‡°‘ ¥ ®“°°“√
∫√‘ À “√∑’Ë ¢ “¥‡®â “ ¿“æ„π∑ÿ ° √–¥— ∫ ,
‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ∑ÿ°§πµà“ß¡“ µà“ß„™â‡ß‘π
„™â„ÀâÀ¡¥ „™â„Àâ∂Ÿ°°ÆÀ¡“¬∂◊Õ«à“
À¡¥Àπâ“∑’Ë. º¡‡ªìπ¢â“√“™°“√º¡®”
‰¥â ‡¥◊ Õ π ‘ ß À“§¡¡“π’Ë ‡ Õ“·≈â « ºâŸ
∫— ß §— ∫ ∫— ≠ ™“∫Õ°„™â ß ∫ª√–¡“≥„Àâ
À¡¥, ‰¡àÕ¬à“ßπ—ÈπµâÕߧ◊πÀ≈«ß‡¢“π–
·≈â « °Á „ ™â  ÿ √àÿ ¬  ÿ √à “ ¬„π‡¥◊ Õ π ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬,
·≈–º≈ ÿ¥∑⓬§◊Õ∑ÿ°∫“∑∑’„Ë ™âµÕπ∑⓬
π—πË ·À≈–§◊ÕÀπ’È ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ß∫ª√–¡“≥
¢“¥¥ÿ≈§◊Õ Ò ∫“∑∑’Ë¢“¥¥ÿ≈°Á§◊ÕÀπ’È.
∂“¡«à“·≈â«√—∞∫“≈§‘¥Õ¬à“߉√‡°’ˬ«°—∫
°“√ √â“ß√“¬‰¥â„À¡à ‰¡à√âŸ. ‡¢“∫Õ°
„Àâ°√–µâπÿ ‡»√…∞°‘® °Á‡Õ“‡ß‘π‰ªÕ—¥©’¥
≈߉ª. ∂“¡«à“„π°“√°√–µâπÿ ‡»√…∞°‘®
‡ß‘π∑’ËÕ—¥©’¥≈߉ªπ—Èπ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈–‡∑à“‰√
¢Õß GDP, √âÕ¬≈– Ù √âÕ¬≈– ı ¢Õß
GDP ·≈â«¡—π°√–µâÿπ‰ª‰À¡, ‡Õ“‰¡â
®‘È¡øíπß—¥‰¡â´ÿß¡—π‰¡à‡¥‘πÀ√Õ°. π’Ë
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
§◊Õ ‘Ëß∑’˧‘¥°—π„π°√Õ∫‡¥‘¡Ê ∂÷߇«≈“
Õ¬“°∑”Õ–‰√ Õ¬“°∑”∂ππ °âŸ ™— °
‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå, ·≈â«∫√‘À“√Õ¬à“߉√≈à– °Á
®â“߇À¡“ √—∫‡À¡“‡ √Á® √â“߇ √Á®°Á
‡≈‘°°—π‰ª, „™â‡ß‘π„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕß µ’§«“¡
„À⇧√àߧ√—¥, ∑”µ“¡√–‡∫’¬∫®—¥´◊ÈÕ
®—¥À“∂Ÿ°µâÕß°Á®∫, §«“¡‡®√‘≠‡°‘¥
Àπ’ȇ°‘¥. ·µà∂“¡«à“º≈ ÿ¥∑⓬§«“¡
‡®√‘ ≠ ‡µ‘ ∫ ‚µ‡ªì π Õ¬à “ ߉√, ¢“¥¥ÿ ≈
µâÕ߰⟇æ‘Ë¡ ‡ªìπª√–‡∑»°âŸßà“¬‡æ√“–
ÕÕ°°√–¥“…¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»°Á ‰ ¥â .
·µà ∂â “ ‡ªì π ∫√‘ …— ∑ °âŸ ¢ Õæ‘ ® “√≥“°à Õ π
 —¥ à«πµàÕÀπ’ȵàÕ∑ÿπ‡∑à“‰√  Ÿß‰¡à‰¥â
‰¡à„Àâ°âŸ.  ¿“æ¢Õß∫√‘…—∑¢Õߧÿ≥¡’
§«“¡πà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊ÕæÕÀ√◊Õ‰¡àà, √“¬‰¥â„π
Õ𓧵‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ µâÕߥŸ°àÕπ, °“√
®—¥°“√‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√µâÕßæ‘®“√≥“°àÕπ,
·µà ”À√—∫ª√–‡∑»π—Èπ§π≈–‡√◊ËÕß.
«—ππ’Ȫ√–‡∑»µâÕß°≈—∫¡“¡Õß«à“
Àπ’È Õ ¬à “ ßπ’È √“¬‰¥â ª √–‡∑»Õ¬à “ ßπ’È
‡»√…∞°‘®‡ªìπÕ¬à“ßπ’È §«“¡¬“°®π‡ªìπ
Õ¬à“ßπ’È Õ𓧵°“√·¢àߢ—π¢â“ßÀπâ“
‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ ‚≈°“¿‘«µ— πå À√◊Õ global-
ization. ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’æ◊Èπ∞“π §◊Õ
‡Õ“°“√ àßÕÕ°‡ªìπÀ≈—°. «—ππ’ȵâÕß
‰ª¬Õ¡‡¢“∑ÿ°Õ¬à“߇æ√“–«à“‡¥’¬Î «¢“¬
 ‘π§â“‰¡à‰¥â. ‡¢“∫Õ°„Àâ∑”°ÆÀ¡“¬
øÕ°‡ß‘π°ÁµâÕß∑”, ∫Õ°„Àâ∑”‡√◊ËÕßπ—Èπ
°ÁµâÕß∑” ‡æ√“–‰¡àÕ¬à“ßπ—Èπ‡¥’Î¬«¢“¬
¢Õ߉¡à‰¥â ‡ªìπ¿“«–∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â¡Õß¿“æ
√«¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑». ‡√“º≈—¥°—π‡¢â“¡“
º≈—¥°—π∑”, ¥à“°—π‰ª¥à“°—π¡“ „§√¥à“
‡°àߧππ—Èπ°ÁÕ¬àŸ‰¥â ¡—πæÕ·≈â« «—ππ’È
µâÕ߇¢â“¡“∫√‘À“√. º¡¢Õ¬È”Õ’°§√—Èß
º¡æŸ¥À≈“¬ß“π·≈–®–查µàÕ‰ª‡√◊ÕË ¬Ê
‰¡à‡≈‘°æŸ¥. π—Ëπ°Á§◊Õ«à“ ‡¢“¡’ß“π«‘®—¬
∑’Ë ™— ¥ ‡®π«à “ ∫√‘ À “√‡»√…∞°‘ ® „π¬ÿ §
ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¢Õß‚≈° ‡ªì π °“√∫√‘ À “√
‡»√…∞°‘®·∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡ ´÷Ëß∑ÿ°§πµâÕß
·¢Áß·√ß∂÷ß®–√Õ¥, ∂â“„§√‰¡à·¢Áß·√ß
°Á‚¥π°‘π, ª√–‡∑»‰ÀπÕàÕπ·Õ°Á∂Ÿ°
‡Õ“‡ª√’¬∫, ª√–‡∑»‰Àπ·¢Áß·√ß°Á‡Õ“
‡ª√’¬∫§πÕ◊Ëπ, ª≈“„À≠à°‘πª≈“‡≈Á°.
π’§Ë Õ◊ §«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß ‡æ√“–©–π—πÈ ®–·¢Áß
·√߉¥âπ—Èπ ª√–‡∑»∑ÿ°ª√–‡∑»µâÕß
 ”√«®µ—«‡Õß«à“®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√„Àâ·¢Áß
·√ß ·µà∂“â ¡—«¢—¥·¬âß°—π‡Õß„πª√–‡∑»
§«“¡·¢Áß·√߉¡à¡’À√Õ°.
‡¢“∫Õ°«à“∑ÿππ‘¬¡π—Èπ À—«„®∑’Ë
 ”§—≠¢Õߧ«“¡ ”‡√Á®°Á§◊Õ§«“¡√—°
™“µ‘À√◊Õ™“µ‘𬑠¡, ‰¡à„™à§«“¡§≈—ßË ™“µ‘.
‡¢“∫Õ°«à“ ‘Ëß∑’Ë∑”≈“¬√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡
∑”„Àâ ∑ÿ π π‘ ¬ ¡Õà Õ π·Õ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ °Á §◊ Õ
§«“¡‡ªìπµ—«°Ÿ¢Õß°Ÿ (individualism),
§«“¡‡ªì π Õ— µ µ“, §«“¡‡ÀÁ π ·°à µ— « ,
§«“¡‡Õ“µ—«‡Õ߇ªìπ∑’˵—Èß ‰¡àπ÷°∂÷ß
ª√–‚¬™πå à«π√«¡ π—Ëπ§◊Õªí≠À“¢Õß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬«—ππ’È, ´÷Ë߇√“µâÕß°≈—∫¡“
¡Õß«à“µâÕß√«¡„®‡ªìπÀπ÷Ëß ™à«¬°—πµ‘
Õ¬à“ß √â“ß √√§å ‡æ√“–‡√“µâÕß°“√
„Àâ ¡ÕߢÕߧπ ˆÛ ≈â“π§ππ’È¡“™à«¬
°—π∑”„À♓µ‘‡√“‡¢â¡·¢Áß, ·µà‰¡à„™à
‡Õ“ ¡Õß´’°∑”≈“¬¡“∑”ß“π.  ¡Õß¡’
Ú ´’° ´’° √â“ß √√§å°—∫´’°∑”≈“¬.
´’°∑”≈“¬¡—π‡¢â¡‡°‘π‰ª ¡—π∑”„Àâ
 —ߧ¡‡ ’¬À“¬. ∂â“„™â´’° √â“ß √√§å°Á
™à«¬°—π·π–π”.
«— π π’È º ¡ ¥’ „ ® ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ¡ “ Õ ¬àŸ „ π
∫√√¬“°“»¢Õßπ—°«‘™“°“√ À√◊պ⟡’
°“√»÷°…“ Ÿß∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬, ®–‰¥â查°—π«à“
 ¡ÕߢÕß∑à“π™à«¬°—𧑥‡∂Õ–  √â“ß
 √√§å, √—∞∫“≈∑”Õ¬à“ßπ—πÈ ÀπàÕ¬‰¥â‰À¡
˜ˆÙ
π’ˉ¡àπà“∑”. ‡√“°Áøíßπ‘∑“π‚§π—π∑-
«‘»“≈°—π¡“, ∫Õ°¡“‡≈¬ √—∞∫“≈π’È®ß
≈“°‡°«’¬π∑—Èß Ò ‡≈ࡉª, √—∫√Õß
·√ߥ’≈“°µ“¬‡≈¬. ·µàπ’Ë¡“∂÷߬—߉¡à
∑—π∑”Õ–‰√‡≈¬ µ”Àπ‘°—πÀ¡¥, µ”Àπ‘
°Á‰¡à«à“°—π ·µàµ”Àπ‘Õ¬à“ß √â“ß √√§å
ÀπàÕ¬‡∂Õ– ‡æ◊ËÕ‡√“®–‰¥â√«¡æ≈—ß°—π.
º¡‡™◊Ë Õ «à “  ¡Õߧπ‰∑¬‡°à ß
‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫√“™°“√
«—ππ’È §◊Õ°“√¡“®—¥∫â“π„À¡à. ª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬µâÕß°“√ªØ‘√ŸªÕ–‰√∫â“ß ªØ‘√Ÿª
‡»√…∞°‘®, ªØ‘√ªŸ  —ߧ¡, ªØ‘√ªŸ °ÆÀ¡“¬
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠°Á∑”‰ª·≈â« ‡À≈◊Õ°ÆÀ¡“¬
≈Ÿ°°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’≈Ë “â  ¡—¬π—πË °ÁÕ°’  à«πÀπ÷ßË ,
·≈–°Á ªØ‘√ªŸ √–∫∫√“™°“√ ∑ÿ°ªØ‘√ªŸ
µâÕߪؑ√ŸªÀ¡¥. ∑”‰¡∂÷ߪؑ√Ÿª °Á
«—ππ’‚È ¥π‚®¡µ’§“à ‡ß‘πÀπàÕ¬‡¥’¬« ‡Õ’¬ß
°— π ∑—È ß ª√–‡∑», · ¥ß„Àâ ‡ ÀÁ 𠧫“¡
®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß°“√ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª ∑ÿ ° √Ÿ ª ·∫∫.
¡—π‡°‘¥·≈â« ·≈⫇Ւ¬ß·≈â« Õ–‰√‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ
∫√‘…—∑ ‡®äß√–‡π√–π“¥ ∏𓧓√‡®ä ß
√–‡π√–π“¥ ·≈⫪√–™“™π®π°—π‡ªìπ
·∂«. Õ¬à“ßπ’È™’È„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“‡»√…∞°‘®¡’
ªí≠À“  —ߧ¡¡’ªí≠À“ √–∫∫√“™°“√
¡’ ªí ≠ À“ √–∫∫°ÆÀ¡“¬¡’ ªí ≠ À“,
‡æ√“–©–π—È π ∂â “ ‡ªì π ¿“…“∏ÿ √ °‘ ® ‡¢“
‡√’¬°«à“ consolidated. ‡«≈“‡Õ’¬ß
Õ¬à“ßπ’ȵâÕߪ√—∫∞“π ∑“ßµà“ߪ√–‡∑»
‡¢“„Àâ‡√“°âŸ‡ß‘π SAL ‡¢“‰¡à‰¥â„Àâ¡“
∑”∂ππ, ‡¢“‰¡à‰¥â„Àâ¡“´◊ÈÕ¢Õß, ‡¢“
„Àâ ¡ “ª√— ∫ ‚§√ß √â “ ß∑ÿ ° √–∫∫∑’Ë ¡— π
ÕàÕπ·Õ®π∑”ª√–‡∑»æ—߉ª. ‡¢“„Àâ
‡ß‘π°âŸ¡“‡ªìπ· π≈â“π∫“∑‡æ◊ËÕ¡“„™â
„π°“√π’È, ·µàª√“°Ø𔉪„™â °“√Õ◊Ëπ
¡—πµâÕß¡“„™â‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ª√—∫‚§√ß √â“ß
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ª√—∫∞“π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‡¡◊ËÕª√—∫Ê
°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫√“™°“√

Õ–‰√∫â“ß. ‡ß‘π∑’˰⟡“π’È ‡Õ“¡“„™âµ√ßπ’È
‡æ√“–‡¢“√âŸ«à“‡√“®π ‡æ√“–À¡¥‡ß‘π
≈߉ª ·æâ ß§√“¡‡»√…∞°‘®‰ª·≈â«
®÷ß„Àâ‡ß‘π°âŸ¡“ Ò °âÕπ ∫Õ°«à“‡Õ“‰ª
ª√—∫∞“π„À¡àπ– ∑’˺à“π¡“π—ÈπÕàÕπ·Õ
‡À≈◊Õ‡°‘π. π—πË §◊Õ —≠≠“≥∫Õ°™—¥‡®π
·µà‡√“°≈—∫‡Õ“‡ß‘π°âŸ‰ª∑”Õ–‰√∫â“ß°Á
‰¡à√Ÿâ ‰¡à‰¥âµ√ß °—∫ structure adjust-
ment ·µà structure adjustment °Á¡’
·µà‰¡à¡“°æÕ, µâÕß„™â‡æ◊ÕË °“√π’È ‡æ√“–
©–π—Èπ°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª∑ÿ°√Ÿª·∫∫µâÕ߇°‘¥.
√—∞∫“≈‰¥â欓¬“¡∑”À≈“¬‡√◊ÕË ß.
‡©æ“–«—ππ’È查‡√◊ËÕߪؑ√Ÿª√–∫∫√“™-
°“√. ∂“¡«à“ªØ‘√ªŸ √–∫∫√“™°“√µâÕß∑”
Õ–‰√∫â“ß. ·√°‡√‘Ë¡§◊Õ∑”∑’Ë‚§√ß √â“ß
‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪 àŸ°“√ √â“ß°≈¬ÿ∑∏∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß,
„Àâ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√∑”ß“π, ·≈â«
°Á°“√ª√—∫‡®µ§µ‘¢Õߧπ∑”ß“π, °“√
ª√—∫ «— ¥‘¿“æ  «— ¥‘°“√, ‡À≈à“π’È
‡ªììπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’˵âÕß∑”. ·µà‚¥¬∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
À≈“°À≈“¬ µâÕß„™â‡«≈“, ‰¡à„™à‡æ’¬ß
ª√–¥‘…∞委查Àπ÷Ëߧ”«à“ ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫
√“™°“√·≈â«∂◊Õ«à“π—Ëπ§◊Õ§«“¡ ”‡√Á®
‰¡à„™à‡≈¬. ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“ ÕÕ°
°ÆÀ¡“¬ Ò ‡≈à¡π—Ëπ§◊Õ§«“¡ ”‡√Á®∑’Ë
¬‘Ëß„À≠à ‰¡à„™àÀ√Õ° π—Ëπ§◊Õ¢—Èπ·√°
‡∑à“π—Èπ‡Õß ¬—ß¡’¢—ÈπµàÕ‰ªÕ’°¡“°∑’Ë
µâÕß∑”µàÕ‰ª. ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª
√–∫∫√“™°“√«—ππ’È √—∞∫“≈µâÕß∑”∑’≈–
Õ¬à“ß, ·§à∑”∑’≈–Õ¬à“ß°Á¬—ß —∫ ππà“
¥Ÿ. ª√–°“√·√°∑’˵âÕß∑” º¡∫Õ°
§ÿ≥À≠‘ß∑‘æ“«¥’œ «à“ §ÿ≥À≠‘ßœ ‡«≈“
π— ° °Õ≈å ø ‰ª∂÷ ß ®ÿ ¥  µ“√å ∑ ∑’Ë ∑’ Õ Õø
‡¢“À¬‘∫‰¥√‡«Õ√å¡“ ‡¢“§‘¥«à“®–µ’
¢â“¡πȔլà“߉√ ®–«“ßÕ¬à“߉√‡æ◊ËÕµ’
™ÁÕ∑ Ú ‰¥â, ¬—߉¡à¡’„§√À¬‘∫æ—µ‡µÕ√å
æ.µ.∑.∑—°…‘≥ ™‘π«—µ√
·≈⫉ª∂“¡À“≈Ÿ°æ—µÕ¬àŸµ√߉Àπ ‰¡à
Õ¬à“ßπ—Èπµ°πÈ”·πà ¡—π‰°≈‰ª ‡√Á«‰ª.
º¡°Á∫Õ°«à“¢Õ„®‡¬Áππ‘¥Àπ÷Ëß ‡Õ“∑’
≈–¢—πÈ π–. π’§Ë Õ◊  ‘ßË ∑’·Ë πàπÕπ §π∑”ß“π
Õ¬“°‡ÀÁ 𠧫“¡ ”‡√Á ®  ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å ∑— π ∑’
·µàº¡√â«Ÿ “à ∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õ߇ªìπ‰ª‰¡à‰¥â‡≈¬
‰¡àßà“¬ °Á‡≈¬¢Õ√âÕß∑ÿ°ΩÉ“¬«à“¢Õ‡ªìπ
¢—Èπ‡ªìπµÕπ ∑”‰¡µâÕß√’∫. °Á≈à“ ÿ¥
∑’Ë∑” ÒÒ ªï∑’Ë·≈â« ªï ÚÙÛı ‚¥¬
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬àÀŸ «— √—™°“≈∑’Ë
ı ∑√ßµ—Èß ÒÚ °√–∑√«ß, ·≈–À≈—ß
®“°π—È π ‡√“°Á ‡ ªì π √∂¬πµå ∑’Ë ª –ºÿ ¡ “
µ≈Õ¥, ‡§√◊ËÕ߬πµå°Á‚∑√¡, ¥’‰´πå√∂°Á
‡°à“ ‰¡à‰¥â‡ª≈’ˬπ√∂ —°∑’. «—ππ’ȵâÕß
ª√—∫‡ª≈’Ë¬π ‚§√ß √â“ßµâÕ߇ª≈’ˬπ,
‡ √Á®®“°‚§√ß √â“ß∂÷ß®–¡“«“ß√–∫∫
¢Õßß∫ª√–¡“≥ ´÷Ë ß ‡™◊Ë Õ ¡‚¬ß°— π .
Õ’ °  — ° §√àŸ ® –æŸ ¥ «à “ ¢—È π µÕπµà Õ ‰ª§◊ Õ
Õ–‰√.
∑—Èß‚§√ß √â“ß∑—Èßß∫ª√–¡“≥‡ªìπ
 ‘Ëß∑’˵âÕß∑”¥â«¬°—π ·≈â«°Á®—¥§π≈ß,
·≈–À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ§àÕ¬¡“¥Ÿ §àÕ¬¡“ª√—∫
µàÕ. °“√ª√—∫‚§√ß √â“ß√–∫∫√“™°“√
°—∫ß∫ª√–¡“≥‡ªìπ¢Õß§àŸ°—π ¢“¥°—π
‰¡à‰¥â. ·≈â«∂“¡«à“ bottom line
Õ¬“°‡ÀÁπÕ–‰√ §π°Á‰ª —∫ π°—πÀ¡¥
«à“π’Ë°”≈—ß®–‰ª„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠·°àà°“√
°√–®“¬Õ”π“® §π≈–‡√◊ËÕß π’˧◊Õ°“√
°√–®“¬Õ”π“®®“° à « π°≈“ß àŸ  à « π
¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡√◊ËÕßºâŸ«à“ CEO,
 à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëππ—Èπ ‡¢“°Á¬—ßÕ¬àŸ¢Õ߇¢“
‰¡à‰¥â‰ª¬àÿßÕ–‰√°—∫‡¢“ °Á∑”‡À¡◊Õπ
‡¥‘¡. ·µà«à“°“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“®®“°
 à«π°≈“ß àŸ à«π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§π—Èπ‡ªìπÀ—«„®
 ”§—≠¢Õß°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫√“™°“√∑—Èß
√–∫∫, ‡æ√“–„π∑’Ë ÿ¥·≈⫇√“µâÕß°“√
˜ˆı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‡ÀÁπÕ–‰√ bottom line  ÿ¥∑⓬լ“°
‡ÀÁπÕ–‰√ Õ¬“°‡ÀÁπ‡®â“¿“æ∑’Ë∫√‘°“√
ª√–™“™π ∑—Èß Ú √–π“∫. √–π“∫
·π«¥‘ßË °Á§Õ◊ §«“¡‡™’¬Ë «™“≠‡©æ“–‡√◊ÕË ß
‡™àπ ‡°…µ√°Á‡√◊ËÕ߇°…µ√, æ“≥‘™¬å°Á
‡√◊ËÕßæ“≥‘™¬å, µà“ߪ√–‡∑»°Á‡√◊ËÕßµà“ß
ª√–‡∑» π—Ëπ§◊Õ‡®â“¿“æ·π«¥‘Ëß. ‡®â“
¿“æ·π«πÕπ§◊Õ‡®â“¿“æ„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ë„Àâ
∫√‘°“√ª√–™“™π ‡™àπ ®—ßÀ«—¥ ·µà≈–
®—ßÀ«—¥µâÕß¡’¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å¢Õßµ—«‡Õß
·≈⫬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√åπ—ÈπµâÕ߇°‘¥®“°°“√
¡Õ߬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å√«¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ´÷Ëß
µâÕß°“√‡ÀÁπª√–‡∑»‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢÕß
¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§, „π¬à“π¿“§‡Àπ◊ÕµÕπ∫π®–
„À⇪ìπÕ–‰√, ¿“§‡Àπ◊ÕµÕπ≈à“ß®–„Àâ
‡ªìπÕ–‰√, ¿“§Õ’ “π¿“§„µâ®–„À⇪ìπ
Õ–‰√„π®ÿ¥‰Àπ. «“߬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å¿“æ
√«¡·≈â« ®÷߉ª°”Àπ¥¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å„π
æ◊Èπ∑’Ë ·≈â«°”Àπ¥ß∫ª√–¡“≥‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
 Õ¥§≈âÕß°—π ·≈â«¡’‡®â“¿“æ√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫
„À⇰‘¥°“√æ—≤π“ °Á®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â. ∂â“
‡ªìπ√–∫∫‡¥‘¡ ·¡àŒàÕß Õπ°Á®–‡≈Á°
‡ªì π ·¡à Œà Õ ß Õπ∑’Ë ‰ °≈ªó π ‡∑’Ë ¬ ߉ª
Õ¬à “ ßπ’È Õ’ ° ™—Ë « ≈Ÿ ° ™—Ë « À≈“π™—Ë « ‡À≈π,
‡æ√“–«à“√–∫∫ß∫ª√–¡“≥°Á§◊Õ«à“ªï∑’Ë
·≈⫉¥â‡∑à“‰√ ªïπ’È∫Õ°‡æ‘Ë¡√âÕ¬≈– Ò
°Á§◊Õ‡æ‘Ë¡√âÕ¬≈– Ò ‡À¡◊Õπ°—πÀ¡¥,
ªïπµ’È Õâ ß°“√√âÕ¬≈– ı ≈¥≈߉ª. ¬ÿ∑∏-
»“ µ√åµÕâ ߪ√—∫‡ª≈’¬Ë πÕ¬à“߉√ ¡—π‰¡à¡’
‰¡à¡’°“√§‘¥‡≈¬, ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¡à¡’°“√§‘¥¡—π°Á
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¡à‰¥â. ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ bottom
line º¡Õ¬“°‡ÀÁπ°“√‡∑ß∫ª√–¡“≥
≈߉ª∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥, ‡Õ“ß∫ª√–¡“≥¢Õß
∑ÿ°°√–∑√«ß‡∑≈߉ª ·≈⫉ª«“߬ÿ∑∏-
»“ µ√å°”Àπ¥„Àâ®ß— À«—¥π—πÈ æ—≤𓵓¡
¬ÿ ∑ ∏»“ µ√å , °“√∫√‘ ° “√ª√–™“™π
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
®–‰ªÕ¬àŸ „ πæ◊È π ∑’Ë ∑’Ë „ °≈â ™‘ ¥ ª√–™“™π
„Àâ°“√∫√‘°“√ª√–™“™πÕ¬à“߇µÁ¡∑’Ë.
π—Ëπ§◊Õ ‘Ëß∑’ËÕ¬“°‡ÀÁπ∫√√∑—¥ ÿ¥∑⓬
·µà¢—ÈπµÕπ°àÕπ®–‰ª∂÷ßµ√ßπ—Èπ ¬—ß¡’
Õ’°À≈“¬¢—ÈπµÕπ.
∑”‰¡µâÕß∑”µ—Èß·µàµÕππ’È µâÕß
∑”µÕπµâπ√—∞∫“≈π’Ë·À≈– ‡æ√“–∑”
·≈â « ¡— π ‰¡à ‡  √Á ® ∑— π ∑’ ∑”·≈â « µâ Õ ß
°”°—∫¥Ÿ·≈ª√—∫ª√ÿßµ°·µàß„À⥒¢÷Èπ‰ª
‡√◊Ë Õ ¬Ê. ∂â “  ¡¡µ‘ ‰ ª∑”ªï  ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬
√—∫√Õ߇≈¬«à“‡°‘¥°“√µàÕµâ“π, ‡æ√“–
‡¥’ά«°Á‰ª·≈â« ‡¥’ά«¡“„À¡à·æâÀ√◊Õ
™π–„π°“√‡≈◊Õ°µ—ßÈ ‰¡à π„® °ÁÕ¬àÕŸ ¬à“ß
π’È. ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ°Á·°âÕ–‰√‰¡à‰¥â ®÷ß
µâÕß∑”µ—Èß·µàµâπ√—∞∫“≈π’Ë·À≈–. À≈—ß
®“°∑”‡ √Á®·≈â«Õ’° Ú ªï°«à“∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ
®–‰¥âª√—∫ª√ÿß„À⥒ æÕ‰¥â√—∫‡≈◊Õ°µ—Èß
¡“„À¡àÕ’°§√“«Àπâ“°Á∑”¥’¢÷Èπ‰ªÕ’°.
º≈ ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬°Á ® –𔉪 àŸ ° “√∫√‘ ° “√
ª√–™“™π∑’Ë¥’ ∫√‘À“√ª√–‡∑»Õ¬à“ß¡’
¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâª√–‡∑»‰¡à¥âÕ¬
°«à“„§√ ¡’»—°¬¿“æ„π°“√·¢àߢ—π∑’Ë¥’
 √â “ ß√–∫∫‡æ◊Ë Õ  √â “ ߧπ√àÿ π „À¡à „ Àâ
 “¡“√∂√Õß√—∫√–∫∫„À¡àÊ ‰¥â‡¢â¡
·¢Áߢ÷Èπ. ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ®÷ß®”‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß
¬‘Ëß ‡æ√“–√–∫∫ªí®®ÿ∫—πÕߧå°√∑’Ë®—¥
¢÷Èπ‡ªììπ°√–∑√«ß ∑∫«ß °√¡ ‡ªìπ
√–∫∫∑’ˇ√’¬°°—π«à“√–∫∫ functioning
‡ªìπ∑ƒ…Æ’¡“·µà‚∫√“≥¬âÕπ‰ªµ—Èß·µà
‡ø‡¥Õ√‘§ ¥—∫∫≈‘« ‡∑¬å‡≈Õ√å ¡Õßµ—Èß
·µà‡√◊ËÕߢÕß motion study, ¡Õß
∑ÿ°Õ¬à“߇ªì𠓬°“√º≈‘µ ‡ªìπ¬ÿ§∑’Ë
‡√‘¡Ë µâπÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ®–º≈‘µ‰Àπ°Áº“à π
°√¡π—Èπ∑’ ºà“π°√¡π’È ºà“π°√–∑√«ßπ’È,
·≈â«°Á∂÷ß®–¡’¢—ÈπµÕπ‡ªìπ¢—Èπ‡ªìπµÕπ
¢“¥°“√«“߇§√◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬‡™◊Ë Õ ¡‚¬ß¢Õß
¿“√°‘®.
°“√ª√—∫Õߧå°√„À¡à®÷߇ªìπ°“√
ª√— ∫ Õß§å ° √„π≈— ° …≥–Õß§å ° √µ“¡
¿“√°‘® (agenda-based organiza-
tion). π—Ëπ°Á§◊Õ‡ªìπÕߧå°√ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë
π”‡Õ“¿“√°‘®‡¥’¬«°—π¡“√«¡Õ¬àŸ¥â«¬
°—π, §◊Õ®—¥Õߧå°√µ“¡¿“√°‘® ∂÷ß·¡â
°√–∑√«ßÀ≈“¬°√–∑√«ß„™â ™◊Ë Õ ‡¥‘ ¡ ,
·µàª√—∫Õߧå°√„À¡à ª√—∫„ â„π„À¡à„Àâ
‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡¿“√°‘®, ¡’ job descrip-
tion „À¡à ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇪ìπ≈—°…≥–¢Õß
°≈àÿ¡¿“√°‘®, ·≈â«°≈àÿ¡¿“√°‘®π’ȵàÕ‰ª
¢â“ßÀπâ“¢—ÈπµÕπµàÕ‰ªµâÕß¡’√–∫∫ e-
Government, ¡’µàÕÕ‘π‡µÕ√å‡πÁµ ¡’
Õ‘π∑√“‡πÁµ¢Õß√–∫∫, °“√∫√‘À“√®–
‡ªìπ°“√ √â“߇§√◊Õ¢à“¬‰ª„πµ—«, ‡ªìπ
Õߧå°√‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ §◊ժؑ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß
Õߧå°√µà“ßÊ ¢Õß°√¡µà“ßÊ ∑’ÕË ¬à„Ÿ ππ—πÈ
®–¡’∑—Èß‚¥¬µ√ß‚¥¬ÕâÕ¡, ‰¡à¡’√–‡∫’¬∫
∑’µË Õâ ߢ÷πÈ ‡ªìπ¢—πÈ ‡ªìπµÕπµ“¡≈”¥—∫™—πÈ
¡’ hierarchy ¬“«‡À¬’¬¥. Õ—ππ’È®–
∫√‘°“√ª√–™“™π‰¡à‰¥â¥’ ·≈â«°Á®– àß
‡ √‘¡„Àâ¢â“√“™°“√π—Èπ‡ªìπ§π∑”ß“π
∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√⟠(knowledge worker)
 “¡“√∂„™â § Õ¡æ‘ « ‡µÕ√å ¡’ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈
‡æ’¬ßæÕ ”À√—∫µ—¥ ‘π„®, ¡’Õ”π“®
°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë
‡æ’¬ßæÕ, ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ‡√◊ËÕ߉¡àµâÕß
‡æ◊ÕË æ‘®“√≥“µ—ßÈ ·µà ´’ Ù ®π∂÷ß√—∞¡πµ√’
·≈⫇Փ‡¢â“ §√¡. ‰ªæ‘®“√≥“·≈–‰ª
µ—¥ ‘π„π §√¡. ‰¡à√⟮–¡’¢â“√“™°“√‰«â
¡“°¡“¬∑”‰¡, ¡’ · µà ≈ –§π°Á ‡ æ◊Ë Õ
æ‘®“√≥“À¡¥ ‡æ◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“∑—Èßπ—Èπ,
À— « Àπâ “ ·ºπ° À— « Àπâ “ °Õß Õ∏‘ ∫ ¥’
‡æ◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“À¡¥.
 √ÿª·≈â««à“ ¡Õß∑’Ë¡’Õ¬àŸ‰¡à‰¥â„™â,
˜ˆˆ
„™â·µà·√ßß“π. ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ«—ππ’ȵâÕß
ª√—∫°√–∫«π°“√∫√‘À“√„À¡à ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
¢â“√“™°“√‰¥â¿Ÿ¡‘„® ‰¡à„™àµ◊Ëπ‡™â“¡“
∫Õ°«à“ ç‚Õ䬇∫◊ÕË ®—߇¡◊ÕË ‰√®–«—π‡ “√åé,
‡æ√“–«à“µâÕßµ◊Ëπ‰ª∑”ß“π ·≈⫉ª
∑”ß“π‰¡à πÿ°‡æ√“–‰¡à‰¥â„™âÀ—«, ®∫
¥ÁÕ°‡µÕ√å¡“„À¡àÊ ¡“Õ¬àŸ´’ Ù ´’ ı °Á
µâÕß√—∫§” —Ë߇®â“π“¬´÷Ë߉¡à§àÕ¬√⟇√◊ËÕß√âŸ
√“«, ‡ √Á®·≈â«¡“∂÷ß°Á∑”ß“π¢÷Èπ‰ª°Á
‡æ◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“µàÕ‰ª, °Á‡√‘Ë¡‡∫◊ËÕ ‡∫◊ËÕ°Á
Àπ’°—πÀ¡¥, √–∫∫√“™°“√°Á·¬à. ¡’
Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡„À¡à≈à“ ÿ¥ ‡√◊ËÕß The War
for Talent ‡¢“∫Õ°«à“§π‡ªìπ CEO
„πÕ𓧵 Õ¬à “ ª≈à Õ ¬„Àâ ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß°“√
∫√‘À“√ß“π∫ÿ§§≈‡ªìπ‡√◊ÕË ß¢Õß human
resource development À√◊Õ·ºπ°
∫ÿ§§≈‡∑à“π—Èπ. §π‡ªìπ CEO µâÕß
‡¢â“¡“¥Ÿ ‡æ√“–«à“¡’Àπâ“∑’˵âÕߥ÷ߥŸ¥
„®„À⇢“¡“√à«¡ß“π ·≈–√—°…“‰«â„À⥒
æ— ≤ π“‡¢“. The best and the
brightest §◊Õ§πÀ—«¥’ §πªí≠≠“¥’
§π‡°àß µâÕß·¬àß°—πÀ“¡“, ‡Õ“¡“‡°Á∫
‰«â·≈â«√—°…“‰«â„À⥒, ‡æ√“–§π‡À≈à“π’È
§◊Õ°”≈—ß ”§—≠„π°“√∑”¡“À“°‘π„π
Õ𓧵‚≈°¢â “ ßÀπâ “ ∑’Ë · ¢à ß °— π ¥â « ¬
ªí≠≠“, ‰¡à‰¥â·¢àß«à“„§√¡’∑√—æ¬å ‘π
®–‰ª¢“¬¡“°°«à“°—π, π—Ëπ§◊Õ¢“¬¢Õß
‡°à“°‘π‡¥’Î¬«°ÁÀ¡¥. ·¢àߢ—π∑’˪í≠≠“
‡æ√“–ªí ≠ ≠“‰¡à ¡’ À ¡¥ æ— ≤ 𓉥â
µ≈Õ¥‰ª. ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπªí≠≠“ ®÷ß
‡ªìπ‡√◊ÕË ß ”§—≠.
√–∫∫√“™°“√∂â“À“°¬—߉¡à‡Õ◊ÈÕ
Õ”π«¬„Àâ§πÀ—«¥’ ªí≠≠“¥’ §π‡°àß
Õ¬àŸ „ π√–∫∫‰¥â , √–∫∫√“™°“√°Á ® –
ÕàÕπ·Õ ÕàÕπ·Õ‰ª‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê, º≈ ÿ¥∑⓬
°Áæ—ß∑—Èߪ√–‡∑». ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ«—ππ’È
°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫√“™°“√

√–∫∫®–µâÕ߇°◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈„Àâ§π‡°à߉¥âÕ¬àŸ„π
√–∫∫√“™°“√  “¡“√∂∑”ß“π‰¥â .
 ‘Ëß∑’Ë∑”ß“π‰¡à„™à‡ß‘πÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« §«“¡
∑â“∑“¬ §«“¡ “¡“√∂ ‚Õ°“ ∑’ˇ¢“
‰¥â∑”µà“ßÀ“° ‡ªìπ ‘ßË ∑’√Ë °— …“∫ÿ§≈“°√
‰«â„πÕߧå°√. §πÕ¬à“ߺ¡§ß‰¡à¡“
‡ªìπ𓬰œ ‡æ√“–Õ¬“°‰¥â‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπ
· π‡»…Ê µà Õ ‡¥◊ Õ π. º¡¡“‡ªì π
𓬰œ ‡æ√“–∑â“∑“¬«à“º¡®–‰¥â·°â
ªí ≠ À“ª√–™“™π µÕ∫·∑π∫ÿ ≠ §ÿ ≥
ª√–‡∑» —°∑’, ®–µâÕß∑”„Àâ§π®πÀ“¬
®π„À≥â, √–∫∫‰¡à¥µ’ Õâ ß·°â√–∫∫„À≥â.
π—Ë π §◊ Õ §«“¡∑â “ ∑“¬µà “ ßÀ“°∑’Ë ¬÷ ¥
‡Àπ’ˬ«‰«â‰¥â ‰¡àÕ¬à“ßπ—Èπ°‘π‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπ
· πµâπÊ ∂÷߇«≈“‰ª¬◊π„π ¿“œ „Àâ
‡¢“¥à “ µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ π’Ë ‰ ¡à   πÿ ° À√Õ°.
π—Ëπ‰¡à„™à‡√◊ËÕß∑â“∑“¬·µàµ√ß°—π¢â“¡
°—∫§”«à“∑â“∑“¬ ·µà∑â“∑“¬®√‘ßÊ §◊Õ
‰¥â∑”ß“π. «—ππ’È∑’˵âÕß°“√∑”°Á‡æ√“–
µâÕß°“√∑”ß“π√–∫∫ªØ‘√Ÿª√“™°“√.
«—ππ’ȵâÕß∫Õ°«à“Õߧå°√π’ȉ¥â®—¥µ—Èß¡“
ÒÒ ªï·≈â«, ∂÷ß·¡â®–¡’°“√ª√—∫Õ–‰√
æ—≤π“Õ–‰√¢÷Èπ¡“ ·µà‡ªìπ°“√æ—≤π“
„π®ÿ≈¿“§ (micro) ¬—߉¡à‰¥â∑”„π
‡™‘ß¡À¿“§ (macro) ‡≈¬.
«—ππ’È ¡À¿“§°Á§◊Õ°“√ revamp
Õߧå°√∑—ßÈ À¡¥„À¡à, ·≈⫇Փ¡“∑”„À¡à
¡“µ—Èß„À¡à ¡“‡√’¬ß„À¡à ¥â«¬√–∫∫∑’Ë
‡√’¬°«à“‡ªìπÕߧå°√µ“¡¿“√°‘®. ·≈â«
∂“¡«à“«—ππ’È√–∫∫ß∫ª√–¡“≥¡—π‰ª
 Õ¥§≈âÕß°—πµ√߉Àπ ‡æ√“–«à“√–∫∫
ß∫ª√–¡“≥„Àâ ¡’ ° √¡‡ªì π π‘ µ‘ ∫ÿ § §≈.
ß∫ª√–¡“≥°Á ‡ ≈¬‰ªµ“¡π‘ µ‘ ∫ÿ § §≈
µ“¡°√¡µà“ßÊ ´÷Ë߉¡à§≈àÕßµ—«, ·µà„π
Õ𓧵µâÕߧàլʇª≈’ˬπ. ·µà«—ππ’È
‡ª≈’ˬπ·≈⫬—߉¡à‡¢â“„®°—π ‡æ√“–«à“¡’
æ.µ.∑.∑—°…‘≥ ™‘π«—µ√
§π‰¡à‡¢â“„®‰ª √â“ߧ«“¡ —∫ πÀπ—°
¢÷Èπ°«à“‡¥‘¡ ‡æ√“–‡¢â“„®¬“°Õ¬àŸ·≈â«
§π‰¡à‡¢â“„®‡≈¬‰ª √â“ߧ«“¡ —∫ π
Àπ—°¢÷Èπ¡“°°«à“‡¥‘¡. §«“¡®√‘ß·≈â«
ß∫ª√–¡“≥µâ Õ ß¡’ ° “√‚ÕπÕà Õ πºà Õ π
ª√π¡“°°«à“π’È. ∑à“π∫√‘À“√ß“π∂â“
À“°«à “ ∑ÿ ° Õ¬à “ ß‚¥¬‡©æ“–∫√‘ …— ∑ ,
∂â “ °”Àπ¥‰«â ‡ ≈¬«à “ «— π π’È ® –µâ Õ ß´◊È Õ
πÈ”¬“≈â“ß â«¡ Û ¢«¥, ‡°‘¥¡’ß“π¢÷πÈ ¡“
πÈ”¬“≈â“ßÀâÕßπÈ”‰¡àæÕ ´◊ÕÈ ‰¡à‰¥â ‡æ√“–
ß∫ª√–¡“≥‰¡à‰¥âµ—È߉«â Õ–‰√∑”πÕß
π’È ∑à“π°Á·¬à. ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ®–µâÕß∑”
Õ–‰√∑’Ë¡’°“√ºàÕπª√π µâÕß„À⧫“¡
‡™◊ËÕ„®°—π∫â“ß, ·µà„™â√–∫∫µ√«® Õ∫
·≈–∂à«ß¥ÿ≈°—π.
∂â “ ∑ÿ ° §π‰¡à ¡’ § «“¡‡™◊Ë Õ „®°— π
À¡¥, °Á§◊Õ§π°Á‰¡à√⟮–∑”ß“π∑”‰¡.
‡√“欓¬“¡ÕÕ°°µ‘ ° “„Àâ ‡ ¢â ¡ ß«¥
‡æ√“–°≈—«§π√âÕ¬≈– Û ∑’ˇ≈«Ê π—Èπ
®–∑”„Àâª√–‡∑»‡ ’¬À“¬, §π√âÕ¬≈–
˘˜ ‰¡àµâÕß∑”ß“π¥’°«à“ π’˧◊Õ√–∫∫∑’Ë
‡ªìπլટ ®í ®ÿ∫π— . ‡√“®–µâÕß欓¬“¡ „Àâ
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ„®°—π ·µà¡’√–∫∫°“√µ√«®
 Õ∫·≈–∂à«ß¥ÿ≈°—π, ¡’√–∫∫√“¬ß“π
√–∫∫®–‡™Á§°—π‡ÕßÕ¬à“ߧա摫‡µÕ√å
¡’√–∫∫∑’ˇ™Á§°—π‡Õß. ·¡â°√–∑—Ëß„π
∫√‘ …— ∑ „πµ≈“¥À≈— ° ∑√— æ ¬å ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‰√
§ÿ ≥ ‡ªì π ∫√‘ …— ∑ ¡À“™π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
√—∞«‘ “À°‘® ‡¢â“µ≈“¥À≈—°∑√—æ¬å ‡¡◊ÕË ‰√
§ÿ≥∂Ÿ°µ√«® Õ∫¥â«¬·§à«à“°“√≈ß∑ÿπ
¢Õߧÿ≥‚ª√àß„ À√◊Õ‰¡à, ‡™àπ«à“°“√≈ß
∑ÿπµàÕ¬Ÿπ‘µ¢ÕßÕÿµ “À°‘®µ°∑’Ë Ò
‡À√’¬≠ ∑”‰¡§ÿ≥„™â Ú ‡À√’¬≠.
·§àπ’È°Á√⟷≈â««à“§ÿ≥‚°ß §ÿ≥·Õ∫º—π
‡ß‘ π ÕÕ°‰ª„™â §π°Á ‰ ¡à ‡ ™◊Ë Õ ∂◊ Õ §ÿ ≥ ,
∫√‘ …— ∑ §ÿ ≥ °Á ‰ ¡à ¡’ „ §√≈ß∑ÿ π °âŸ ‡ ß‘ π
˜ˆ˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
∏𓧓√°Á≈”∫“°. π—Ëπ§◊Õ ‘Ëß∑’˵√«®
 Õ∫·≈– ¡¥ÿ≈„πµ—«‡Õß. ©–π—Èπµ√ß
π’È®–µâÕ߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π√–∫∫√“™°“√¥â«¬.
√–∫∫√“™°“√®–µâÕ߇ªìπ√–∫∫∑’Ë¡’°“√
∂à«ß¥ÿ≈ ‰¡à„™à√–∫∫¥÷ߢ“. ∂à«ß¥ÿ≈§◊Õ
§«“¡ ¡¥ÿ≈ ·µà√–∫∫¥÷ߢ“°Á§◊ÕÕ¬à“
„Àâ¡—π∑”Õ–‰√ µâÕßæ‘®“√≥“°—π„À⥒.
‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ√–∫∫π’È°Á§◊Õ√–∫∫∂à«ß¥ÿ≈
∑’Ë ® –µâ Õ ß¡’ ° “√„Àâ § «“¡‡™◊Ë Õ „®, „Àâ
Õ”π“®°“√µ—¥ ‘π°‘®°“√¥â«¬µπ‡Õß,
„Àâ°“√‚ÕπÕàÕπºàÕπª√π ·°à§π∑’ˇªìπ
‡®â “ ¿“æ §◊ Õ °”Àπ¥„Àâ § π‡ªì π ‡®â “
¿“æ„πæ—π∏°‘®·µà≈–‡√◊ËÕß„Àâ™—¥‡®π.
§π‡ªìπ‡®â“¿“æ®–¡’§«“¡ ”π÷°·≈–
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫∑’Ë®–µ‘¥µ“¡∑—Èߺ≈·≈–∑—Èß
§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬¥â«¬µ—«‡¢“‡Õß. π—Ëπ§◊Õ
√–∫∫‡®â“¿“æ∑’Ë„πÀ≈«ß√—™°“≈∑’Ë ı
µ√— ‰«â.
º¡¢Õ‡√’¬π«à“ «—ππ’È‚§√ß √â“ß®–
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ∑’Ë∑”°√–∑√«ß„Àâ·∫π≈ß, ·µà
®–·∫π≈߉¥â¡“°·§à‰Àππ—πÈ ‰¡à “¡“√∂
∑”‰¥â‡À¡◊ÕπΩíπ∑—π∑’À√Õ°, ‡æ√“–
‡√“®–‡Õ“¢â“√“™°“√ Ú ≈â“π°«à“§π
‰ª‰«â∑‰’Ë Àπ. À“°∫Õ°«à“§«√ª≈¥ÕÕ°
查‰¥â·µà∑”‰¡à‰¥â ·≈⫪≈¥¢â“√“™°“√
¬“¡‡»√…∞°‘®¬—߉¡à‡øóÕò ßøŸ‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬
 ÕßµàÕ Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕ√–∫∫‡»√…∞°‘®
¥â«¬ ‡æ√“–§π‡À≈à“π’ȉ¡à¡’∑’ˉª. Õ¬à“ß
‡°…’¬≥Õ“¬ÿ°Õà π°”Àπ¥∑’ºË “à π¡“π—πÈ ‰¡à
‰¥âª√–‚¬™πå ‡æ√“–‰¡à¡’∑’ˉª ‡æ√“–
‡»√…∞°‘®¥Ÿ¥´—∫§π‰¡à‰¥â, ·µàµâÕß≈¥
§π„π¬“¡‡»√…∞°‘®∫Ÿ¡ ‡æ√“–¡’∑’ˉª
¡’‚Õ°“ , ≈¥§π¬“¡‡»√…∞°‘®‰¡à¥’π—Èπ
‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’˺‘¥æ≈“¥. ∫Õ√‘  ‡¬≈µå´‘π
∂Ÿ° IMF  —Ëß„Àâªî¥‚√ßß“π∑’Ë√— ‡´’¬
´÷Ëß¡’§πß“πÕ¬àŸ ı, §π. ®ÕÀåπ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
‡¡‡¬Õ√剪‡¬’ˬ¡, ∫Õ√‘  ‡¬≈µå´‘π ¢—∫
√∂擉ª π’Ë ® ÕÀå π ¥Ÿ ´‘ «à “ ‚√ßß“ππ’È
§πß“π ı, §π·µà¢“¥∑ÿπ ·≈â«
IMF  —Ëß„Àâªî¥, ‡ªìπ§ÿ≥Ê §‘¥Õ¬à“߉√,
¢“¥∑ÿπ°Á®√‘ßÕ¬àŸ·µà®â“ߧπ‰«â ı,
§π ¬“¡π’ȧπ ı, §π ®–„À≪
∑’ˉÀπ ‰¡à¡’ß“π∑”. ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π§√—∫
√–∫∫√“™°“√π—È π ®–µâ Õ ß°√–™— ∫ ·≈–
·¢Áß·√ß¡“°¢÷Èπ ·µà«à“‰¡à„™à‡ªìπ°“√
µ—¥‡™◊Õ°, ‡ªìπ°“√µà“ߧπµà“߇µÁ¡„®,
·µà«à“µâÕ߇ªìπ¬“¡∑’ˇ»√…∞°‘®¥’ ·≈â«
„Àâ‚Õ°“ ‡¢“¡’∑“߉ª ‡À¡◊Õπ ®Ÿ À√ß®’
∑”‡¡◊ÕË µâπªïπ.È’ ®Ÿ À√ß®’ „À⢓â √“™°“√
Õ“¬ÿ ıı ªï¢÷Èπ‰ªÕ¬àŸ∫â“π‰¡àµâÕß¡“
∑”ß“π ‡Õ“‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπ‰ª°‘π‡∑à“‡¥‘¡,
∂â“„§√Õ¬“°‡ªìπ‡∂â“·°à¡“‡Õ“°Õß∑ÿπ
Venture Capital À√◊Õ‡Õ“°Õß∑ÿπ
SME ‰ª∑”‡ªìπ‡∂â“·°à ·≈â«®–≈ß∑ÿπ
¥â«¬. ·µà∂ⓧπ∑’ˉ¡à¡’À—«‡ªìπ‡∂â“·°à
πÕπÕ¬à∫Ÿ “â π®π ˆ ªï ·µà°π‘ ‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπ,
‡æ√“– ®Ÿ À√ß®’ µâÕß°“√„Àâ§π√àÿπ„À¡à
¡“π—ßË ∫√‘À“√‡æ◊ÕË √Õß√—∫°—∫ ‘ßË ∑’‡Ë ª≈’¬Ë π
‰ª¢Õß‚≈°‰¥â ∑— π . π—Ë π §◊ Õ  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ®Ÿ
À√ß®’ ∑”, ·µà‰¡à‰¥â∫Õ°«à“ª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬®–∑”, ‡æ’¬ß·µà‡≈à“„Àâøíß.
«— π π’È ‡ √“°Á ‰ ¥â · µà ∑”„Àâ √ –∫∫
√“™°“√·∫π≈ß, ≈¥°“√ª°§√Õß·∫∫
‡ªìπ§≥–µ“¡≈”¥—∫™—Èπ (hierarchy)
‡∑à“∑’Ë∑”‰¥â, ·∫à߇ªìπ°≈àÿ¡ß“πµ“¡
¿“√°‘® ·≈â«„πÕ𓧵®–®—¥ß∫ª√–¡“≥
µ“¡°≈àÿ ¡ ß“πµ“¡¿“√°‘ ® ·≈–„Àâ ¡’
§«“¡§≈àÕßµ—«„π°“√ª√—∫ß∫ª√–¡“≥
„π à « ππ—È π . ·µà «— π π’È ¬— ß ∑”‰¡à ‰ ¥â
‡æ√“–¬—߇ªìπß∫ª√–¡“≥‡¥‘¡Õ¬àŸ ·µà
«à“¢—πÈ µàÕ‰ª. ·µà¢π—È π’§È Õ◊ „™âß∫ª√–¡“≥
µ“¡π’È ∑”‰¡µâ Õ ß‡ªì π Ò µÿ ≈ “§¡
‡æ√“–ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡√‘Ë¡µâπ∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë
Ò µÿ ≈ “§¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ß∫ª√–¡“≥,
∂â“ Ò µÿ≈“§¡∑—π °Áß∫ª√–¡“≥„À¡à
®–‰¥âª√—∫‡¢â“ Ÿà°√¡ °Õß„À¡à∑—π Ò
µÿ ≈ “§¡ ‰¡à Õ ¬à “ ßπ—È π µâ Õ ß‡ ’ ¬ ‡«≈“.
‚§√ß √â “ ߇ √Á ® ·µà ° «à “ ®–∑”ß“π‰¥â
‡À¡◊Õπ„À¡à°ÕÁ °’ ªïÀπ÷ßË ∑”„À⇠’¬‡«≈“.
‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ Ò µÿ≈“§¡ ®÷߇ªìπ«—π∑’Ë¡’
§«“¡ ”§—≠∑’˵âÕß„Àâ transition ∑ÿ°
Õ¬à“ß≈ß∑’Ë Ò µÿ≈“§¡, ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ
°√–∑√«ß‰¥â¢¬“¬‡ªìπ Ú °√–∑√«ß
‡æ√“–«à“¢â“√“™°“√ Ú ≈â“π§π∑’ËÕ¬àŸ
ÒÙ °√–∑√«ß ®–‡Õ“ Ú ≈â“π§π‰ªÕ¬àŸ
Ú °√–∑√«ß. ®”π«π¢â“√“™°“√„π
°√–∑√«ß·µà≈–°√–∑√«ß®–≈¥≈ß¡“,
¢—πÈ µÕπ®–≈¥≈ß¡“, °√–∑√«ß°Á·∫π≈ß.
‡¡◊ËÕ·∫π·≈â«°“√∑”ß“π°Á®–§≈àÕßµ—«
¢÷πÈ ·≈⫬—߉¡àæÕ ª√–™“™π∑’„Ë ™â∫√‘°“√
®–‰ªµ“¡°≈àÿ¡ß“π ®–‰ªµ‘¥µàÕ‡√◊ËÕßπ’È
°Á‰ª∑’Ë°≈àÿ¡ß“ππ’È ®–Õ¬àŸ∑’Ëπ’Ë ‰¡àµâÕß
‡¥‘π°—π‰ª¡“°¡“¬.
„πÕ𓧵¢—πÈ µàÕ‰ª°Á§Õ◊ ≈¥§«“¡
‡ªìπ√“™°“√ (debureaucratize) ∫“ß
 à«π∑’‰Ë ¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇ªìπ√–∫∫√“™°“√
°Á debureaucratize ‡ ’¬ ‚¥¬≈¥§«“¡
‡ªìπ√“™°“√≈ß∑’≈–¢—ÈπÊ. º¡‰¡à„™â§”
«à“ privatize „™â debureaucratize
°Á®–∑”. ‡¡◊ËÕ∑”∂÷ß®ÿ¥π—Èπ·≈â«°Á®–¡’
°“√«“ß√–∫∫‡ âπª√– “∑∑’Ë∫‘≈‡°µµå
„™â§”«à“ digital nervous system
§◊Õ«“ß√–∫∫ª√– “∑¢Õß°“√‰À≈‡«’¬π
¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈µ“¡°√¡µà“ßÊ ®—ßÀ«—¥µà“ßÊ,
·≈â«∑ÿ°®—ßÀ«—¥°Á¡’ server ¢Õßµ—«‡Õß
·≈– server ‡À≈à“π—Èπ pool ‡¢â“À“°—π
°Á‡ªìπ e-Government ‡ªìπ√–∫∫°“√
∫√‘À“√√“™°“√‚¥¬„™â√–∫∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑“ß
˜ˆ¯
Õ’‡≈§∑√Õπ‘§ å ‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“¢â“√“™°“√
µàÕ‰ª„À⇪ìπ¢â“√“™°“√∑’Ë∑”ß“πÕ¬à“ß
§π¡’§«“¡√⟠‰¡à„™à‡ªìπ‡ ¡’¬π µ—Èß·µà
´’ Û ∂÷ß ´’ Ò, ´÷Ëß´’ Ù π’ˇªìπ§π
∑”ß“π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√⟉¥â·≈â«, ´’ ı µ—¥ ‘π
„®‰¥â ‡ ∑à “ °— ∫ Õ∏‘ ∫ ¥’ . «— π π’È °Á §à Õ ¬Ê
æ—≤π“°—π‰ª ®–§≈àÕßµ—«¢÷Èπ¡“° §π
°Á ® –∑â “ ∑“¬ º¡Õ¬“°„Àâ § π¡“∑”
√“™°“√ πÿ° ‰¥â‡ß‘ππâÕ¬®√‘ß·µà πÿ°
º¡‰¥â·°âªí≠À“„Àâª√–™“™π ‡¢“®–
¿Ÿ¡‘„®µ√ßπ—Èπ µâÕ߬÷¥‡Àπ’ˬ«°—πµ√ß
π—Èπ. À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ®–𔉪 àŸ e-Citi-
zen §◊Õ∫—µ√„∫‡¥’¬« ¡’ ¡“√åµ°“√å¥
‡ªìπ∑’ˇ°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢Õß à«π√“™°“√∑ÿ°
 à«π „™â∫—µ√„∫‡¥’¬«. ∫—µ√ª√–®”µ—«
ª√–™“™π¡’ ¡“√åµ°“√å¥ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∫—µ√
Û ∫“∑°ÁÕ¬àŸ„ππ—Èπ, ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·√ßß“π
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∫—µ√ª√–®”µ—«¢â“√“™°“√°ÁÕ¬àŸ
„ππ—Èπ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥, °“√„™â∫√‘°“√µà“ßÊ
Õ¬àŸ„ππ—ÈπÀ¡¥, ®–∑”„Àâª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
√⟠¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ¢Õߪ√–™“°√¢Õßµ— « ‡Õß
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥, ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‡æ◊ËÕπ” àŸ°“√
«“߬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß.
«—ππ’ªÈ √–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¡à¡¬’ ∑ÿ ∏»“ µ√å
∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß, ‡√“µâÕß√’∫«“߬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å
„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕß. ¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß®÷ß
®–«‘‡§√“–À剥â∂Ÿ°µâÕß, ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®÷߇ªìπÀ—«„® ”§—≠ §◊Õ§«“¡√âŸ
®√‘߇√“‰¡à‡æ’¬ßæÕ ‡æ√“–‡√“‰¡à√⟮√‘ß
°—∫µ—«‡√“. æÕ‰¡à√⟮√‘ß°—∫µ—«‡√“ §π
查‡°àß°Á‰¥â‡ª√’¬∫ ‡æ√“–§π‰¡à√⟮√‘ß
¡’¡“°. ‚∫√“≥∂÷ß∫Õ°«à“ª“°‡ªìπ‡Õ°
‡≈¢‡ªìπ‚∑ Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡ªìπµ√’.  √ÿª·≈â«
¡’§«“¡√âŸ∑“ßÀπ—ß ◊Õ‰¥âµ√’ √âŸÀπ—ß ◊Õ
‡ √Á®§‘¥‡ªìπ‰¥â‚∑, ·µà‡ √Á®æ«°æŸ¥‡°àß
查‡°à߉¥â‡Õ°. ‡æ√“–©–π—ÈπÕ—ππ’ȇ√“
°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫√“™°“√

®–µâÕß¡“∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡√⟮√‘ß ‡¡◊ËÕ√âŸ
®√‘߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ §π查‡√◊ËÕ¬‡ªóòÕ¬ §π®–
∫Õ°«à “ π’Ë æŸ ¥ Õ–‰√‰¡à √⟠‡ √◊Ë Õ ß æŸ ¥ ‰¥â
Õ¬à “ ߉√®–¡’ Õ ¬à “ ßπ’È ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‡æ√“–
©–π—È𧫓¡√⟮√‘ß®÷߇ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß ”§—≠.
√–∫∫√“™°“√µâÕß√⟮√‘ß®÷ß®–«‘‡§√“–Àå
‰¥â®√‘ß ·≈â«∂÷ß«“߬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å®√‘ß,
‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫√“™°“√
„π¢—Èππ’È Ò µÿ≈“§¡∑’Ë®–‡ÀÁππ’È °Á§◊Õ
ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫ß∫ª√–¡“≥¢—Èπ·√° §◊Õ
°”Àπ¥ß∫ª√–¡“≥‚¥¬¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å
‚¥¬π‚¬∫“¬, ‰¡à„™à°”Àπ¥ß∫ª√–-
¡“≥‚¥¬‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë ”π—°ß∫ª√–¡“≥
·∫∫„πÕ¥’µ, ·≈â«„Àâ‡À¡“–‡®“–°—∫
‚§√ß √â “ ß„À¡à ‚ ¥¬∑”¢π“π‰ª°— ∫
‚§√ß √â“ßªí®®ÿ∫—π. ∂Ⓡ°‘¥«à“ ¿“œ
ºà“π ‰¡à¡’ªí≠À“‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬∑—π‡«≈“
ß∫ª√–¡“≥‚§√ß √â“ß„À¡à°Á®–‡¢â“‰ª
‡®Õ°—∫ß∫ª√–¡“≥‚§√ß √â“߇°à“ ‡æ◊ËÕ
ª√—∫‰ª àŸ‚§√ß √â“ß„À¡à∑—π∑’, «—π∑’Ë Ò
µÿ≈“§¡°Á®–„™âß∫ª√–¡“≥µ“¡‚§√ß
 √â“ß„À¡à, °√–∑√«ß ∑∫«ß°√¡„À¡à.
∑’Ë∑”Õ¬à“ßπ’È∂“¡«à“√—∞∫“≈‰¥âÕ–‰√ ‰¡à
‰¥âÕ–‰√À√Õ°, ª√–™“™πµà“ßÀ“°∑’‰Ë ¥â,
‡æ√“–«à“√—∞¡πµ√’°Á‡∑à“‡¥‘¡ ‰¡à„™à«à“
‡æ‘Ë¡°√–∑√«ß·≈⫇æ‘Ë¡√—∞¡πµ√’. ∫“ß
§π¬—ß欓¬“¡µ–·∫ß查 ∑—ÈßÊ ∑’Ë√⟫à“
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠‡¢“∫Õ°«à“Àâ“¡‡æ‘Ë¡ °Á¬—ß
µ–·∫ß查°—πÕ¬àŸ. ¢Õ„Àâ√⟫à“√—∞¡πµ√’
‡∑à “ ‡¥‘ ¡ ∫“ß§π¬— ß ∫Õ°«à “ Õâ “ «‰¥â
√—∞¡πµ√’«à“°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ®–À“‡√◊ËÕß®π
‰¥â.  √ÿª·≈⫧◊Õ«à“‡¡◊ÕË ¡’°√–∑√«ß Ú
°√–∑√«ß  ‘Ëß∑’ˉ¥â§◊Õ§«“¡§≈àÕßµ—«„π
°“√∑”ß“π ·≈â«¢â“√“™°“√®–¡’§«“¡
√⟠÷°∑’Ë¥’ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°«à“‰¡à‰¥â‡ªìπ√–∫∫
Õ“≥“®— ° √ ·µà ‡ ªì π √–∫∫‡§√◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬,
æ.µ.∑.∑—°…‘≥ ™‘π«—µ√
‡ª≈’Ë¬π®“°√–∫∫Õ“≥“®—°√‡ªìπ√–∫∫
‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬, ∂Ⓣ¡à‡™àππ—Èπ∂Ⓡªìπ√–∫∫
functioning ∑ÿ°§πÕ¬“° self con-
tain, ¡’∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß„πµ—«‡Õß º≈ ÿ¥∑⓬
°Á‡°‘¥°“√´È”´âÕπ.
‡™à π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿— ¬ ¢Õß
Õ“À“√ ªí®®ÿ∫—π≈ÕߥŸ ‘ Õ“À“√ª≈Õ¥-
¿— ¬ ‡ªì π Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ¢ Õß„§√∫â “ ߉¡à √⟠°’Ë
°√–∑√«ß, ‡√◊ÕË ß¢Õß “√æ‘…°’°Ë √–∑√«ß,
°≈“‚À¡ Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ‡°…µ√ §≈—ß
æ“≥‘™¬å ‡°’ˬ«‰ªÀ¡¥. µàÕ‰ªπ’ȧ«“¡
´È”´âÕπ®–≈¥πâÕ¬≈߉ª ‰¡à‰¥âÀ¡“¬
§«“¡«à“®–≈¥™—Ë«¢â“¡§◊π, ª√–™“™π
ºŸâ„™â∫√‘°“√®–„™â∫√‘°“√‰¥â‡√Á«¢÷Èπ ∂Ÿ°
µâÕߢ÷Èπ, ·≈⫧«“¡©—∫æ≈—π„π°“√·°â
ªí ≠ À“®–‡√Á « ¢÷È π , ®–∂Ÿ ° ∫— ß §— ∫ „Àâ ¡’
‡®â“¿“æ. «—ππ’ȵâÕß¡’‡®â“¿“æ ∂â“¢◊π
‰¡à¡’‡®â“¿“æ∑à“π‰¡àµâÕߧ‘¥Õ–‰√¡“°
·§à„π°√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»∑’ˉª
Õ¬àŸµà“ߪ√–‡∑»ª√“°Ø«àà“ °√–∑√«ß
Õ◊Ëπ°Á‰ªÕ¬àŸ°—π ¡’µ—«·∑π®“°‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°
°√–∑√«ß‰ªÕ¬àŸ µà “ ߧπµà “ ß √â “ ß
Õ“≥“®—°√ ¢Õß„§√¢Õß¡—π µà“ߧπ
µà“ßÕ¬àŸ ¢÷ÈπÕ¬àŸ∑’Ë¿“«–ºâŸπ”¢Õß∑Ÿµ∑’Ë®–
™«π¡“查§ÿ¬°—π·§à‰Àπ. ∂Ⓣ¡à¡’
√–∫∫°Á §◊ Õ µà “ ߧπµà “ ßÕ¬àŸ Õ¬àŸ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ
∫√‘ ° “√‡®â “ π“¬¢Õß°√–∑√«ß„§√
°√–∑√«ß¡—π, ∑”ß“π‰¥â‡∑à“‰√‡æ‘Ë¡ß∫
ª√–¡“≥‰¡à‰¥â ‡π◊ËÕß®“°«à“¡—π‡¬Õ–
À≈“¬Ê °√–∑√«ß °Á‡æ‘Ë¡‰¡à‰¥â. ‡¡◊ËÕ
‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‰¡à ‰ ¥â °Á ∑”ß“π‰ª·∫∫‡ ’ ¬ πâ Õ ¬
‡ ’¬¬“°‰ªÕ¬à“ßπ—Èπ ‰¡à‰¥âÕ–‰√¢÷Èπ¡“.
‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ∂ⓇՓ¡“√«¡°—𧑥‡ªìπ
√–∫∫‡®â“¿“æ ¡’‡®â“¿“æ¡’°“√∫√‘À“√
®—¥°“√√à«¡°—π «“ß¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å√à«¡°—π
„™âæ≈—ß∑’Ë¡’Õ¬àŸ√à«¡°—π ∑à“π‡ÀÁπ‰¡â‰ºà
˜ˆ˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‰À¡ ¿“…‘µ®’π‰¡â‰ºàÕ—π‡≈Á°Ê À√◊Õµ–
‡°’¬∫Õ¬àŸµ“¡≈”æ—ßÀ—°‡¡◊ËÕ‰√°ÁÀ—°‰¥â
·µà∂ⓇՓ¡“¡—¥√«¡°—πÀ—°‰¡à‰¥â. π—Ëπ
°Á§◊Õ ‘Ëß∑’Ë®–µâÕ߇Փæ≈—ߢÕß ‘Ëß∑’Ë¡’Õ¬àŸ
¡“√«¡°—π §◊ÕµâÕß¡’‡®â“¿“æ Ò §π
·≈–„™â ‡ ß‘ π ∑’Ë ¡’ Õ ¬àŸ ®”°— ¥ Õ¬à “ ß¡’ ª √–-
 ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ‡æ√“–¡—π®”°—¥ ·µà‡Õ“¡“
√«¡°—π·≈â«¡—π‰¡à®”°—¥. π’Ë°Á§◊Õ ‘Ëß∑’Ë
°”≈—ß∑”·≈–®–∑”. º¡‡™◊ËÕ«à“∑à“π
ª≈—¥∑∫«ß°—∫∑à“π‡≈¢“∏‘°“√ °.æ.
®–Õ∏‘∫“¬„π√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥µàÕ‰¥â≈÷°´÷Èß
°«à“º¡. º¡¢Õ‡Õ“À≈—°°“√§√à“«Ê
«à “  “‡Àµÿ ∑’Ë ¡ “∂÷ ß °Á º ≈— ° ¥— π ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª
√–∫∫√“™°“√∑— π ∑’ π’È °Á ‡ æ√“–«à “ º¡
¡“®“°π—°∫√‘À“√, √âŸ«à“°“√∫√‘À“√π—Èπ
µâÕ߉¥â§π¥’√–∫∫¥’, ‚§√ß √â“ߥ’.
º¡‡™◊ËÕ«à“«—ππ’ȧπ„π√–∫∫√“™-
°“√§π¥’¡’¡“°, §π¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂¡’
¡“°, ·µà √ –∫∫∑”„Àâ § π¥’ · ≈–§π¡’
§«“¡ “¡“√∂‡À≈à“π’È¥âÕ¬»—°¬¿“æ≈ß
‰ª. ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ‡√“®–µâÕߪ√—∫√–∫∫
‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ § π∑’Ë ¡’ »— ° ¬¿“æ‡À≈à “ π’È ‰ ¥â „ ™â
»— ° ¬¿“æ¢Õßµ— « ‡ÕßÕ¬à “ ߇µÁ ¡ ∑’Ë ®÷ ß
µâÕß¡“ª√—∫√–∫∫„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫¬ÿ§
 ¡—¬ ·≈–§«“¡µâÕß°“√ª√–™“™π. ¬ÿ§
 ¡—¬∑’µË Õâ ßµàÕ â·Ÿ ¢àߢ—π°—∫π“π“ª√–‡∑»
·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫∑ÿπµà“ß™“µ‘∑’ˇ¢â“¡“
·≈â « ®–∑”„Àâ ∑ÿ π ‰∑¬·¢Á ß ·√ߠ⟠‰ ¥â
Õ¬à “ ߉√,  âŸ · ≈â « ®–∑”Õ¬à “ ߉√‰¡à „ Àâ
§π®π≈ß°«à“‡¥‘¡, ∑”Õ¬à“߉√∂÷ß®–
∑”„Àâ ‘Ëß∑’ˇªìπ ‘π∑√—æ¬å¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
‰∑¬ ‰¥âπ”¡“„™âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
 ‘π∑√—æ¬å‡À≈à“π’®È –¡“·°âÀπ’ È π‘ Õ¬à“߉√.
º¡¢Õ¬È”Õ’°§√—Èß«à“Àπ’È ‘π∑’Ë¡’Õ¬àŸ«—ππ’È
¡“° ∂â“À“°«à“ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¡à “¡“√∂
∑”„Àâ GDP ‡µ‘∫‚µ°«à“π’È ∑”‰¥â™â“
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

‡°‘π‰ª Àπ’È ‘π‡À≈à“π’È®–°‘πµ—«‡√“, °Á ®–µâÕß„™â ‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ∑π— ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∑π—  ¡—¬. ‡«≈“∫√√¬“¬¢Õߺ¡¡’∂ß÷ ÒÒ:

‡ª√’¬∫‡ ¡◊Õπ∫√‘…—∑∑’Ë¡’Àπ’È¡“° ¡’
√“¬‰¥âπâÕ¬ °Á®–≈”∫“°¢÷Èπ, ‡æ√“–
©–π—Èπ®–µâÕß欓¬“¡·°âªí≠À“Àπ’È∑’Ë
√“¬‰¥â ∑’Ë ‘π∑√—æ¬å ·≈–∑’˵—«Àπ’È ∑—Èß Û
 à«πæ√âÕ¡Ê °—π, ‰¡à„™à·°âªí≠À“Àπ’È
∑’Ë À π’È ·°â‰¡à‰¥âÀ√Õ°, µâÕß·°âªí≠À“
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‰ª¥â«¬°—π. ‡¡◊ËÕ·°âªí≠À“
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥¥â«¬°—π °≈«‘∏’ ”§—≠ „π°“√
·°â°Á§◊Õ¿“§√“™°“√, µâÕߪؑ√Ÿª∑—Èß
∑—»π§µ‘ ∑—ßÈ ‚§√ß √â“ß ∑—ßÈ °√–∫«π°“√
·≈–√–∫∫, ªØ‘√ªŸ °ÆÀ¡“¬∑’¢Ë “â √“™°“√
√—∞∫“≈π’È°”≈—߇ πÕ¬°‡≈‘°°ÆÀ¡“¬
≈â“ ¡—¬‰ª‡¢â“ ¿“œ Ù˜ ©∫—∫ ·µà
ÕÕ°‡ªì π °ÆÀ¡“¬‡æ’ ¬ ß©∫— ∫ ‡¥’ ¬ «.
¬°‡≈‘°°ÆÀ¡“¬ Ù˜ ©∫—∫ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
§√—Èß·√°∑’Ë∑”Õ¬à“ßπ’È. ‡√“√–¥¡π—°
°ÆÀ¡“¬¡◊Õ¥’¡“™à«¬°—𧑥™à«¬°—π∑”,
·≈â«°Á®– à߇¢â“ ¿“œ, ·≈–®–¡’°“√
 —ߧ“¬π“°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë≈â“ ¡—¬Õ’°À≈“¬
Õ¬à“ß ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫√–∫∫·≈–
‚§√ß √â“ß.
π. §ß„Àâ∂“¡ —°§√àŸ‡º◊ËÕ®–¡’§”∂“¡
‡æ√“–‡ÀÁπµ—È߉¡‚§√‚øπ‰«â¡“°. ∂â“
„§√¡’Õ–‰√®–∂“¡‡™‘≠‰¥â‡≈¬. º¡¥’„®
«— π °à Õ π‰ªß“πæ∫ª–π— ° »÷ ° …“∑’Ë
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∏√√¡»“ µ√å ª√“°Ø«à“
‡¢â“§‘«∂“¡‡ªìπ·∂« · ¥ß«à“‡¥’ά«π’È
§π‰∑¬‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª®“°¬ÿ§º¡. ¬ÿ§º¡
π’ˇªìπºâŸøíß∑’Ë¥’ øí߉ª§”π—∫§√Ÿ‰ª¥â«¬
§◊ÕÀ≈—∫ ‰¡à§àÕ¬∂“¡ ·µà√àÿπÀ≈—ßπ’Ë°≈â“
∂“¡¢÷Èπ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¥’.

Abstract Bureaucratic Reforms

Thaksin Shinawatra
Prime Minister of Thailand
Bureaucratic (government) reforms have been a long-time ambition in order to bring the
bureaucracy abreast of volatile world situations, economic developments and social change, and to
eradicate red-tape, budgetary fat and overtapping among state units. The reforms would boost effi-
ciency, cut costs and speed up tasks carried out in the public interest. Loosely-defined and woolly
philosophies of state mechanisms would be replaced by a state apparatus designed to accomplish
specified tasks. The number of ministerial portfolios would increase to 20, plus 60 bureaus.
Key word : bureaucratic reform, government reform

°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª√–∫∫√“™°“√
˜˜
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ°—∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ª√–‡ √‘∞ Õ—  —πµ™—¬

¿“§«‘™“‡«™»“ µ√åªÑÕß°—π·≈– —ߧ¡
§≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√廑√‘√“™æ¬“∫“≈

©–π—Èπ Õ“°“√‡¡“°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß®÷ß√«¡
°“√∑à Õ ß‡∑’Ë ¬ «‡ªì π Àπ÷Ë ß „π°‘ ® °√√¡∑’Ë ¿ “§√— ∞ „Àâ ° “√ π— ∫  πÿ π
‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß„π™à«ß Û ∑»«√√…∑’˺à“π‰ª, ‡æ√“–‰¡à‡æ’¬ß·µà∑”„Àâ¡’
‰ª∂÷ß°“√‡¡“‡√◊Õ (sea sickness),
°“√π”‡ß‘πµ√“µà“ߪ√–‡∑»‡¢â“¡“À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π„πª√–‡∑»‡∑à“π—Èπ, ¬—ß¡’ ‡¡“√∂ (car sickness), ‡¡“°“√‡¥‘π
 à«π∑”„À⇻√…∞°‘®¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»°√–®“¬µ—«‰ª∂÷ß à«π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§¥â«¬. ∑“ß®”≈Õß (simulator sickness),
®“°√“¬ß“π ∂‘µ‘ª√–®”ªï ÚıÙÛ ‚¥¬°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡¡“‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘π (air sickness) ·≈–
æ∫«à“√“¬‰¥â®“°°“√∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «¡’∂ß÷ Ú¯ı,Ú˜Ú ≈â“π∫“∑ ‡∑’¬∫°—∫‡¡◊ÕË ‡¡“Õ«°“» (space sickness).
Û ªï°àÕπ∑’Ë¡’√“¬‰¥â‡æ’¬ß Ú,Ò˜ı ≈â“π∫“∑, π—∫‡ªìπ·À≈àß√“¬‰¥â
Õ—π¥—∫ Ú ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»√Õß®“°°“√ àßÕÕ°Õÿª°√≥凧√◊ÕË ß§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å.
°≈«‘∏“π∑’Ë·∑â®√‘߬—߉¡à‡ªìπ∑’Ë
ºŸâ‡¥‘π∑“ß√âÕ¬≈– ¯¯ ‡ªìπ°“√‡¢â“ª√–‡∑»‡æ◊ËÕ°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«. ∑√“∫·πà™—¥ ·≈–§π∑’ˇ°‘¥Õ“°“√¡’
·¡â«“à °≈ÿ¡à ºŸ∑â ¡’Ë Õ’ “¬ÿ ˆı ªïÀ√◊Õ¡“°°«à“§‘¥‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– Ù.Ù¯ Õ«—¬«–°“√∑√ßµ—« (vestibular organ)
¢Õßπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«µà“ß™“µ‘Ò, °≈ÿࡺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‰∑¬‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π™à«ßµâπ«—¬ ª√°µ‘. Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ °“√¡Õ߇ÀÁπ¿“æ
 ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ´÷Ë߬—ß¡’ ÿ¢¿“æ‚¥¬√«¡¥’·≈–æÕ¡’‡«≈“À≈—߇°…’¬≥®“°°“√ √«¡∑—Èß°“√„™â ¡“∏‘®¥®àÕ∑”ß“πÕ¬à“ß
∑”ß“π, √«¡∑—Èß¡’°”≈—ß∑√—æ¬å∑’Ë®–‡¥‘π∑“ß∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»,
°Á ‡ ªì π °≈ÿà ¡ ∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ ¡’ ° “√À¡ÿ 𠇫’ ¬ π¢Õ߇ߑ π µ√“¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰¥â ,
„¥Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß ¡—°‡ªìπ°≈«‘∏“𠔧—≠
¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ°Á¡—°¡’欓∏‘ ¿“æÀ≈“¬√–∫∫∑’Ë´àÕπÕ¬Ÿà. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥‚√§.
°“√‡µ√’¬¡µ—«„À⺟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿ¡’ ÿ¢¿“æ√à“ß°“¬·≈–®‘µ„®∑’Ëæ√âÕ¡ ·≈–¡’ ≈—°…≥–‡«™°√√¡ ‡√‘Ë¡¥â«¬
°“√«“ß·ºπ√–«—ߪÑÕß°—π‚√§À√◊Õ欓∏‘ ¿“æ∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥®“°°“√∑àÕß §«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° ·πà π Õ◊ ¥ ∑â Õ ß∫√‘ ‡ «≥≈‘È π ªïò ,
‡∑’ˬ« ®÷߇ªìπ ‘Ëß®”‡ªìπ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«„π·µà≈–§√—È߇ªì𧫓¡ µ“¡¥â « ¬Õ“°“√§≈◊Ë π ‰ â ∑’Ë ∑ «’ § «“¡
∑√ß®”∑’Ë¥’ ”À√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿµ≈Õ¥‰ª.
√ÿπ·√ߢ÷Èπ, Àπâ“´’¥, ‡Àß◊ËÕÕÕ°, ‡«’¬π
§” ”§—≠ : ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ, °“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« »’√…–, πÈ”≈“¬‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ·≈–„π∑’Ë ÿ¥®–
Õ“‡®’¬π, ¡’≈—°…≥–´’¥¢“«√Õ∫ª“°.
°“√ªÑÕß°—π „Àâ∑Õ¥ “¬µ“
欓∏‘ ¿“æ∑’ËÕ“®®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πºŸâ ªí≠À“∑“ß ÿ¢¿“æ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“° ‘Ëß ‰ª‰°≈Ê ‡™àπ  ÿ¥¢Õ∫øÑ“, À√◊Õ∂â“
 ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¢≥–∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «Õ“®æ‘®“√≥“‡ªìπ ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß ‰¡à¡’Àπ⓵à“ß°Áπ—Ëßπ‘ËßÊ À≈—∫µ“æ—°
Ú °≈ÿà¡„À≠à §◊Õ ªí≠À“∑“ß ÿ¢¿“æ∑’Ë Ò. °≈ÿ¡à Õ“°“√‡¡“°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß »’√…–°—∫æπ—°æ‘ß.
‡°‘¥®“° ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–¢≥–‡¥‘π∑“ß (motion sickness) ‡ªìπÕ“°“√º‘¥ °“√√—°…“ ¡’¬“À≈“¬¢π“π
·≈–°≈ÿà ¡ ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ∑’Ë ¡’ ‚ √§ª√–®”µ— « ª√°µ‘ ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‡√‘Ë ¡ ·µà ¡ πÿ … ¬å √Ÿâ ®— ° ∑’Ë„™â√—°…“Õ“°“√‡¡“°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß ´÷Ëß
‡√◊È Õ √— ß , ´÷Ë ß ®–·¬°°≈à “ «‡ªì π µÕπÊ ‡¥‘π∑“ß‚¥¬æ“Àπ– ‡™àπ ™â“ß ¡â“ ‰ª ¬—߉¡à∑√“∫°≈«‘∏“π·πà™—¥. ¬“·µà
¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È ®π∂÷ß°“√≈àÕß·æ„π·¡àπÈ”. ‡æ√“– ≈–¢π“πµà“ß°Á¡’º≈¢â“߇§’¬ß∑“ß√–∫∫

ª√–‡ √‘∞ Õ—  —πµ™—¬
˜˜Ò
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
ª√– “∑ à«π°≈“ß, ‡æ√“–©–π—È𬓮–
∑”„Àâßà«ß ®÷ßÀâ“¡„™â„π§π¢—∫√∂À√◊Õ
π—°∫‘π. §«√°‘π¬“Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬§√÷Ëß∂÷ß
Ò ™—Ë«‚¡ß°àÕπÕÕ°‡¥‘π∑“ß.
¬“∑’Ë„™â¡’Õ¬Ÿà ı ¢π“πµ“¡
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò.
Ú. °“√‡¡“‡«≈“ (jet lag)Ú,Û
‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡Õ“°“√∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ
·ª≈ߢÕß normal circadian rhythm
¢Õß™’«‘µª√–®”«—π (°“√πÕπ °“√µ◊Ëπ
·≈–°“√∑”ß“π) ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√‡¥‘π
∑“ß‚¥¬‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘𧫓¡‡√Á« Ÿß‰ª∑“ß
®ÿ¥À¡“¬∑“ßµ–«—πÕÕ°À√◊Õµ–«—πµ°,
¢â“¡‡ âπ·∫à߇«≈“¢Õß‚≈° (transme-
ridion) À√◊Õæ◊Èπ∑’ˇ«≈“ (time zones)
∑’Ë°”Àπ¥µ”∫≈°√’π‘™ °√ÿß≈Õπ¥Õπ
‡ªìπ®ÿ¥Õâ“ßՑ߇«≈“¡“µ√∞“π. °“√
‡¡“‡«≈“¡— ° ®–‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‡¡◊Ë Õ ºŸâ ‚ ¥¬ “√
‡¥‘ π ∑“ߢ⠓ ¡æ◊È π ∑’Ë ‡ «≈“¡“°°«à “ ı
æ◊πÈ ∑’¢Ë πÈ÷ ‰ª.
ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬¡’ Õ “°“√Õà Õ π‡æ≈’ ¬ ,
‡«’¬π»’√…–, πÕπ‰¡àÀ≈—∫ ·≈– ¡√√∂-
¿“æ∑“ß√à “ ß°“¬·≈–®‘ µ „®≈¥≈ß.
Õ“°“√‡À≈à“π’ȵâÕß·¬°®“°¿“«–¢“¥
¢π“π¬“
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Cinnarizine (Stugeron)
Betahistine (Merislon)
Almitrine + raubasine(Duxaril)
πÈ”, °“√¥◊Ë¡ ÿ√“¡“°¢≥–‡¥‘π∑“ß.
°≈«‘∏“π°“√‡°‘¥‚√§ à«πÀπ÷ßË
‡°‘ ¥ ®“°°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ߢÕߧ«“¡
¡◊¥·≈–§«“¡ «à“ß ®÷ßÕ“®æ∫Õ“°“√
§≈⓬‡¡“‡«≈“„π§π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„µâπÈ”π“πÊ,
π—°∫‘πÕ«°“», §π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà·∂∫¢—È«‚≈°,
À√◊Õ§π∑’‡Ë æ‘ßË „™â “¬µ“À≈—ß®“°µ“∫Õ¥
Õ¬Ÿà√–¬–Àπ÷Ëß. ‡«≈“∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬®–„™â
„π°“√ª√— ∫  ¿“æ√à “ ß°“¬„Àâ ‡ ¢â “ °— ∫
ª√–‡∑»ª≈“¬∑“ß ®–¢÷Èπ°—∫®”π«π
¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑’ˇ«≈“∑’ˇ¥‘π∑“ß, Õ“®∂÷ß Ò
 —ª¥“ÀåÀ√◊Õπ“π°«à“. ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ®÷ß
§«√‡º◊Ë Õ ‡«≈“æ— ° ºàà Õ π Ú-Û «— π À≈— ß
®“°‡¥‘π∑“ß¡“∂÷ß®ÿ¥À¡“¬. ºŸâ∑’ˇ¥‘π
∑“߉ª∑“ßµ–«— π ÕÕ°¡— ° „™â ‡ «≈“„π
°“√ª√—∫µ—«π“π°«à“æ«°∑’ˇ¥‘π∑“߉ª
∑“ßµ–«— π µ°ª√–¡“≥√â Õ ¬≈– ı.
°“√ª√— ∫ µ— « ¢ÕߺŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ® –„™â ‡ «≈“
π“π°«à“§πÕ“¬ÿπâÕ¬Ù, ‚¥¬‡©æ“–∂â“
πÕπ‰¡àæÕ¢≥–‡¥‘π∑“ß À√◊Õ¡’¿“«–
‡§√’¬¥ À√◊Õ¥◊Ë¡ ÿ√“¢≥–‡¥‘π∑“ß.
°“√ªÑÕß°—π
Ò. §«√πÕπÀ≈—∫„Àâ‡æ’¬ßæÕ
°àÕπ°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß.
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ¬“·°â‡¡“°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß
¢π“¥„™â ‡«≈“‡√‘Ë¡ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï
(¡°.) (™—«Ë ‚¡ß)
ı-Ò
Úı ÒÒ/
Úı
ˆ Ò-Ú
Û ± Ò
˜˜Ú
Ú. ª√— ∫ ‡«≈“‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√
∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√·≈–°“√πÕπ„Àâ‡À¡◊Õπ
°—∫„πª√–‡∑»∑’Ë®–‰ª, ‡√Á«∑’Ë ÿ¥‡∑à“∑’Ë
®–∑”‰¥â¢≥–‡¥‘π∑“ß, ‚¥¬À≈’°‡≈’ˬß
°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑’ˇªìπ‡«≈“πÕπ¢Õß
ª√–‡∑»ª≈“¬∑“ß.
Û. ªÑÕß°—πÕ“°“√πÕπ‰¡àÀ≈—∫
‚¥¬æ¬“¬“¡πÕπ„Àâ¡’‡«≈“‡æ’¬ßæÕ
‡À¡◊Õπ¢≥–Õ¬Ÿà∫â“π. ∂â“®”‡ªìπÕ“®
„™â ¬ “‡∫π‚´‰¥Õ–‡´ªï π ™π‘ ¥ ÕÕ°
ƒ∑∏‘ Ï π—È ‡™àπ ¡‘¥“‚´·≈¡, ≈Õ√“´’·æ¡,
‡∑¡“´’·æ¡.
Ù. ¥◊Ë¡πÈ”„Àâ‡æ’¬ßæÕ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß
°—π°“√¢“¥πÈ”¢≥–‡¥‘π∑“ß, ‡æ√“–
§«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å„πÕ“°“»≈¥≈ß„π∑’Ë
 Ÿß ·≈–À≈’°‡≈’ˬ߰“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡∑’Ë¡’
·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¡“°‡°‘π‰ª.
ı. °“√„™â¬“‡¡≈“‚∑π‘πÕ“®¡’
ª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π¿“«–π’‰È ¥â∫“â ß.
¢π“¥∑’Ë„™â .ı ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡ «—π≈–§√—Èß
°àÕππÕπ‰¥âº≈¥’‡∑à“°—∫¢π“¥ ı ¡‘≈≈‘-
°√—¡Ù. ·µà¬—߉¡à¡’°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë∫àß∂÷ß
§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π√–¬–¬“« ·≈–§«“¡
∫√‘ ∑ÿ ∏‘¢Ï Õ߇π◊ÕÈ ¬“·µà≈–™◊ÕË ∑“ß°“√§â“.
√–¬–‡«≈“ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï
(™—«Ë ‚¡ß)
Ò-Ú ˆ-¯
Ú-Ú ÚÙ-Û
Ò-Ú ˆ-¯
ˆ-¯
Û ˜-Òı
ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ°—∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«

Û. §«“¡ Ÿß
°. º≈µà Õ §«“¡°¥Õ“°“»
‡æ√“–∫√‘ ‡ «≥∑’Ë Àà “ ß®“°º‘ « ‚≈°¡“°
‡∑à“„¥ ®–¡’§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢ÕßÕ“°“»
‡∫“∫“ß≈߇∑à “ π—È π . ª√‘ ¡ “≥·°ä   √–¥—∫πÈ”∑–‡≈
ÕÕ°´‘‡®π°Á≈¥≈ߥ⫬ ®÷ß∑”„Àâ√–¥—∫
ÕÕ°´‘‡®π„π‡≈◊Õ¥≈¥≈ßµ“¡§«“¡ Ÿß
∑’Ë¢÷Èπ‰ª®“°æ◊Èπ‚≈°¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú.
πÕ°®“°π—Èπæ∫«à“∑’˧«“¡ Ÿß
ˆÛ, øÿµ (Ò˘,Ú ‡¡µ√) ·°ä 
µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë≈–≈“¬Õ¬Ÿà„π‡≈◊Õ¥®–‡¥◊Õ¥
‡ªìπøÕß°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡Õ¡‚∫≈— ‰¥â, ·°ä 
∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π‚æ√ߪÕß√à“ß°“¬¡πÿ…¬å °Á
®–¢¬“¬µ—«¢÷Èπ¥â«¬. ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È„π
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß∫‘ π ®÷ ß µâ Õ ßª√— ∫ ·√ߥ— π ¿“¬„π
ÀâÕߺŸâ‚¥¬ “√„Àâ„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫·√ߥ—π∑’Ë
√–¥—∫πÈ”∑–‡≈„Àâ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥. ‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘π
„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¡’ § «“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√
√—°…“§«“¡µà“ß≈“¥¢Õß·√ߥ—π (pres-
sure gradient) √–À«à“ß¿“¬πÕ°°—∫
¿“¬„πÀâ Õ ßºŸâ ‚ ¥¬ “√‰¥â  Ÿ ß  ÿ ¥ ‡æ’ ¬ ß
ÙÙı ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√ª√Õ∑, ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß∫‘ π ®– “¡“√∂√— ° …“·√ߥ— π
¿“¬„πÀâÕߺŸâ‚¥¬ “√‰¥â‡∑à“°—∫·√ߥ—π
∑’√Ë –¥—∫πÈ”∑–‡≈ ‡¡◊ÕË ∫‘πµË”°«à“§«“¡ Ÿß
ÚÚ,ı øÿµ‡∑à“π—πÈ , ´÷ßË ‚¥¬§«“¡‡ªìπ
®√‘߇§√◊ËÕß∫‘πæ“≥‘™¬å∑—Ë«‰ª®–∫‘π„π
√–¥—∫§«“¡ Ÿß ÚÚ, ∂÷ß ÙÙ,
øÿµ ∑”„Àâ·√ß°¥¥—π¢ÕßÕ“°“»¿“¬„π
ÀâÕߺŸâ‚¥¬ “√≈¥≈߇∑à“°—∫·√ß°¥¥—π
∑’˧«“¡ Ÿß ı,-¯, øÿµ‡Àπ◊Õ
√–¥—∫πÈ”∑–‡≈, ·≈–∑”„Àâ√–¥—∫·°ä  ‡ªìπ¡“‰¡àπ“π
ÕÕ°´‘‡®π„πÀâÕߺŸâ‚¥¬ “√≈¥≈ß√“«
√âÕ¬≈– Òı-Ò¯ı. °ß ·≈–§≥–ˆ ‰¥â
·π–π”«à“ ”À√—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’˧“¥«à“√–¥—∫
ÕÕ°´‘‡®π„π‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß®–≈¥≈ߵ˔°«à“
ª√–‡ √‘∞ Õ—  —πµ™—¬
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú ÕÕ°´‘‡®π„𧫓¡ Ÿßµà“ßÊ
§«“¡ Ÿß‡ªìπ‡¡µ√
(øÿµ)
Ûı (Ò,)
ˆÒı (Ú,)
Ò,ÚÒ˘ (Ù,)
Ò,¯Ú˘ (ˆ,)
Ú,ÙÛ˘ (¯,)
ı ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√ª√Õ∑¢≥–‚¥¬ “√Õ¬Ÿà
∫π‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘π  ¡§«√‰¥â√—∫ÕÕ°´‘‡®π
‡ √‘¡.
°“√∑’√Ë –¥—∫ÕÕ°´‘‡®π„πÀâÕߺŸâ
‚¥¬ “√≈¥≈ßπ’ȇÕß Õ“®¡’Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕ
ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ∑’Ë ¡’ ‚ √§À— « „®·≈–À√◊ Õ ‚√§
ªÕ¥‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß∑’Ë¡’√–¥—∫ÕÕ°´‘‡®π„π‡≈◊Õ¥
·¥ßµË”Õ¬Ÿà·≈â«, À√◊ÕºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’Ë¡’‡≈◊Õ¥
®“ß‚¥¬‡©æ“–√–¥—∫Œ’‚¡‚°≈∫‘πµË”°«à“
¯.ı °√—¡µàÕ‡¥´‘≈‘µ√˜. º≈®“°ªí≠À“
Ú ª√–°“√∑’Ë √ –¥— ∫ ÕÕ°´‘ ‡ ®π≈¥≈ß
·≈–·°ä ¢¬“¬µ—«¢÷Èπ, ∑”„Àâ¡’¢âÕÀâ“¡
‡¥‘ π ∑“ß‚¥¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ß∫‘ π  ”À√— ∫ ºŸâ ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à
 ¡§«√ ‰¥â·°à
- ¿“«–‡≈◊Õ¥®“ß√ÿπ·√ß
- ‚√§ÀŸ ™—È π °≈“ßÀ√◊ Õ ‚æ√ß
Õ“°“»¢â“ß®¡Ÿ°Õ—°‡ ∫√ÿπ·√ß
- ‚√§µ‘¥µàÕ∑“ßÀ“¬„®
- ¿“«–°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀ—«„®µ“¬∑’Ë
- ¿“«–À— « „®≈â ¡ ‡À≈«∑’Ë ¬— ß
§«∫§ÿ¡‰¡à‰¥â
- ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡ÕßÕÿ¥µ—π
∑’ˇªìπ¡“‰¡àπ“π
˜˜Û
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
·√ߥ—π à«πÕÕ°´‘‡®π„π‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß
(¡¡.ª√Õ∑)
˘¯
˘
¯ˆ
¯
ˆÙ
ıı
- ·º≈‡ªóòÕ¬°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√
µ°‡≈◊Õ¥¿“¬„π Û  —ª¥“Àå
- ºà“µ—¥™àÕß∑âÕ߉¡à∂ß÷ Ò «—π
- ºà“µ—¥™àÕßÕ°‰¡àà∂÷ß ÒÙ «—π
- µ—Èߧ√√¿å‡°‘π Ûı  —ª¥“Àå
- ¡’Õ“°“»„π‚æ√ߢÕß√à“ß°“¬
‰¡à‡°‘π ˜ «—π
¢. ‚√§¿Ÿ‡¢“ªí®®ÿ∫—π (acute
mountain sickness) ¡—°‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ °—∫
§π∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„π∑’Ë√“∫ ·≈â«¢÷Èπ‰ª∫π
æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–‡∑» Ÿß¡“°°«à“ Ò,
øÿµ¢÷Èπ‰ª. §«“¡√ÿπ·√ߢ÷Èπ°—∫√–¥—∫
§«“¡ Ÿß, §«“¡√«¥‡√Á«¢Õß°“√¢÷Èπ Ÿà∑’Ë
 Ÿßπ—Èπ, ·≈–°“√ÕÕ°·√ß„™â°”≈—ߢ≥–
π—πÈ . Õ“°“√∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ ‰¥â·â °à ª«¥»’√…–,
Õà Õ π‡æ≈’ ¬ , ‡∫◊Ë Õ Õ“À“√, §≈◊Ë π ‰ â
Õ“‡®’¬π. √“¬∑’ˇªìπ√ÿπ·√ßÕ“®‡°‘¥
Õ“°“√ ¡Õß∫«¡, À√◊ Õ °≈ÿà ¡ Õ“°“√
À“¬„®¢—¥¢âÕß„πºŸâ„À≠à (adult respi-
ratory distress syndrome) ¡’
Õ“°“√ª«¥»’√…–¡“°,  —∫ π, ÀÕ∫
À“¬„®‡√Á«, ‰Õ ·≈–º‘«°“¬‡¢’¬«‰¥â.
°≈«‘ ∏ “π°“√‡°‘ ¥ ‚√§¬— ß ‰¡à
∑√“∫·πà™—¥, ·µàÕ“®ªÑÕß°—π‰¥â‚¥¬
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
°“√¢÷Èπ‰ª™â“Ê √à«¡°—∫°“√„™â¬“°≈ÿà¡
·Õ‡»µ“‚´≈“‰¡¥å.
°“√√—°…“ ∂â“¡’Õ“°“√πâÕ¬
Õ“®„Àâæ—°ºàÕπÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ëπ—Èπ‰¥â. ∂â“Õ“°“√
√ÿπ·√ß®–µâÕß√’∫π”≈ß¡“®“°∫√‘‡«≥
¿Ÿ ¡‘ ª √–‡∑» Ÿ ß π—È π , √à « ¡°— ∫ ∫√‘ À “√
·°ä   ÕÕ°´‘ ‡ ®π ·≈–„Àâ ¬ “§Õ√å µ‘ ‚ §-
 µ’√Õ¬¥å
Ù. §«“¡√âÕπ·≈–§«“¡™◊Èπ ºŸâ
∑’ÕË ¬Ÿ„à π‡¢µ√âÕπ™◊πÈ ‡™àπ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
¡—°®–‰¡à§àÕ¬¡’ªí≠À“®“°§«“¡√âÕπ
·≈–§«“¡™◊Èπ. ·µà ”À√—∫ºŸâ∑’ËÕ“»—¬
Õ¬Ÿà „ π‡¢µÀπ“« ·≈â « ‡¥‘ π ∑“ß¡“„π
‡¢µ√âÕπ™◊Èπ ¡—°‰¥ââ√—∫º≈°√–∑∫®“°
§«“¡√âÕπ· ß·¥¥µàÕº‘«Àπ—ß §◊Õ
- √–¬–ªí®®ÿ∫—π ‡°‘¥Õ“°“√
‰À¡â·¥¥ (sunburn) ‚¥¬º‘«Àπ—߉À¡â
·¥ß, ‡®Á∫· ∫∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë‚¥π√—ß ’‡Àπ◊Õ
¡à«ß (ultraviolet). «‘∏’ªÑÕß°—π§◊Õ
„™â¬“πÈ”°√Õß· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å (sunscreen
lotion) ´÷Ëß¡’µ—«‡≈¢ª√–®”¬“·µà≈–
¢π“π·®â ß ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ°“√°√Õß
· ß·¥¥. µ—«‡≈¢¢Õß°“√°√Õ߬‘Ëß
¡“°¬‘ËߪÑÕß°—π· ß·¥¥‰¥â¡“°. °“√
„™âµâÕß∑“ ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ‡™àπ ∑ÿ°
Ú ™—Ë«‚¡ß À√◊ÕÀ≈—ß®“°‡Àß◊ËÕÕÕ°¡“°.
- √–¬–¬“« ®–‡æ‘Ë ¡ §«“¡
‡ ’ˬ߰“√‡°‘¥¡–‡√Áߺ‘«Àπ—ß ·≈–∑”„Àâ
º‘«Àπ—߇À’¬Ë «¬àπ°àÕπ«—¬.
πÕ°®“°π—È π °“√ÕÕ°°”≈— ß
¡“°„π∑à“¡°≈“ߧ«“¡√âÕπ √à“ß°“¬
®– Ÿ≠‡ ’¬πÈ”·≈–‡°≈◊Õ·√à. ∂Ⓡªìπ
√ÿ π ·√ß¡“°Õ“®π”‰ª Ÿà ¿ “«–‡ªì π ≈¡
‡Àµÿ§«“¡√âÕπ (heat stroke) ‰¥â ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’ˉµ‰¡à “¡“√∂¥Ÿ¥´÷¡
πÈ”·≈–‡°≈◊Õ·√à°≈—∫®“°∑àÕ‰µ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß
¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ§πÕ“¬ÿπâÕ¬.
ı. ‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ
°. ¿“«–∑âÕß√à«ß‡©’¬∫æ≈—π
‡ªìπ‚√§∑“ßÕ“¬ÿ√°√√¡∑’Ëæ∫∫àÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥
„πºŸâ∑’ˇ¥‘π∑“߉¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ„¥
·µà„π°≈ÿࡺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß®–¡’
¡“°¯. ·¡â à«π„À≠à‰¡à√ÿπ·√ß®π∂÷ß·°à
™’«‘µ ·µà°Á∑”„Àâ°“√‡¥‘π∑“ßπ—Èπ‰¡àπà“
¬‘π¥’π—°.  “‡Àµÿ à«π„À≠à‡°‘¥®“°
‡™◊ÕÈ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬, √Õß≈ß¡“‡ªìπ‡™◊ÕÈ ‰«√— .
ªí®®—¬∑’Ë∑”„À⺟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿ¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬߥ—ß
°≈à“«‰¥â·°à¿“«–‰√â°√¥‡°≈◊Õ ´÷ËßÕ“®
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°§«“¡™√“, À√◊Õ°“√‰¥â√—∫
¬“≈¥°√¥„π°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√, À√◊Õ
°“√‰¥â√—∫¬“µâ“π®ÿ≈™’æ∫àÕ¬Ê ∑”„Àâ
≈”‰ â„À≠àÕ°— ‡ ∫®“°‡™◊ÕÈ Clostridium
difficile. Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡¿“«–∑âÕß√à«ß
‡©’ ¬ ∫æ≈— π „πºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ Õ “®‡°‘ ¥ ®“°
 “‡ÀµÿÕ◊Ëπ∑’ˉ¡à„™à‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∑’Ë·æ∑¬å
æ÷ß√–≈÷°∂÷߉«â¥«â ¬ ‡™àπ ‚√§¡–‡√Áß≈”‰ â,
µàÕ¡∏—¬√Õ¬¥å‡ªìπæ‘…, ¿“«–°“√¥Ÿ¥
´÷¡‡≈« ∑’ËÕ“®®–‡æ‘Ëß· ¥ßÕ“°“√„π
™à«ß°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß.
°“√‡µ√’¬¡µ—«
- π”ºß‡°≈◊Õ·√à (oral rehy-
dration solution: ORS) æ°µ‘¥µ—«
‡ ¡Õ. ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’Õ“°“√∑âÕ߇¥‘𠧫√√’∫
º ¡πÈ” –Õ“¥ ·≈â«¥◊Ë¡∫àÕ¬Ê.
- §«√À≈’°‡≈’ˬ߰“√„™â¬“·°â
∑âÕ߇ ’¬°≈ÿà¡‚≈‡æÕ√“‰¡¥å, ¬°‡«âπ
°√≥’∑’Ë∂à“¬¡“°®π∑”„Àⵑ¥µ“¡°≈ÿà¡
∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‰¡à∑—π. ‰¡à§«√„™â„π°√≥’
∑’Ë ¡’ ‰ ¢â  Ÿ ß ‡°‘ π Û¯ Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’ ¬  ,
À√◊Õ∂à“¬‡ªìπ¡Ÿ°‡≈◊Õ¥, À√◊ÕÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬
¡“°. §«√√’∫°‘π¬“ø≈ŸÕÕ‚√§«‘‚π‚≈π
 —° Û-ı «—π˘.
˜˜Ù
¢. ¡“≈“‡√’¬ ‡ªìπ‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ
∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ®“°‡™◊È Õ æ≈“ ‚¡‡¥’ ¬ ¡ ¡’ ¬ÿ ß
°âπª≈àÕ߇ªìπæ“À– ´÷ßË ™Õ∫πÈ”„  –Õ“¥
·≈–æ∫™ÿ°™ÿ¡„πæ◊πÈ ∑’‡Ë ªìπªÉ“‡¢“ πÈ”µ°
≈”∏“√. §«“¡√ÿπ·√ߢ÷Èπ°—∫™π‘¥¢Õß
‡™◊ÈÕ. π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«∑’ˇ¥‘π∑“ß¡“·∂∫
ª√–‡∑»„π∑«’ª‡Õ‡™’¬ æ∫«à“‰¥â√—∫
‡™◊ÈÕ¡“®“°ª√–‡∑»Õ‘π‡¥’¬¡“°∑’Ë  ÿ¥
√“«√âÕ¬≈– ı, Õ‘π‚¥π’‡´’¬√âÕ¬≈–
Òˆ.˜, ∫—ߧ≈“‡∑»√âÕ¬≈– ÒÛ,  à«π
„À≠à‡ªìπ‡™◊ÈÕ P. vivaxÒ. ¡“µ√°“√
∑’Ëπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«§«√ªØ‘∫—µ‘‰¥â·°à °“√
À≈’°‡≈’ˬßæ—°§â“ß·√¡„πªÉ“„°≈â·À≈àß
πÈ”, §«√ «¡‡ ◊ÈÕ·¢π¬“«·≈–°“߇°ß
¢“¬“«„π¬“¡§Ë”§◊π, §«√πÕπ„π¡ÿâß
‡æ√“–°“√„™â¬“°”®—¥¬ÿßÀ√◊Õ¬“∑“°—π
¬ÿ߉¥âº≈‰¡à¥π’ °— „π°“√ªÑÕß°—π¬ÿß°—¥ÒÒ.
 à « π°“√°‘ 𠬓ªÑ Õ ß°— π ≈à « ßÀπâ “ æ÷ ß
√–«—߇√◊ËÕß°“√·æ⬓·≈–§«√°‘𬓄Àâ
µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß·¡âÀ≈—ßÕÕ°®“°æ◊Èπ∑’Ë√–∫“¥
·≈â« Ù  —ª¥“Àå. ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√
¥◊ÕÈ ¬“¢Õ߇™◊ÕÈ ¡“‡≈‡√’¬„πæ◊πÈ ∑’™Ë “¬·¥π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ®÷ßµâÕß„™â¡“µ√°“√ªÑÕß
°—π°“√∂Ÿ°¬ÿß°—¥Õ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
·≈–√’∫‰ªæ∫·æ∑¬å‡¡◊ËÕ¡’‰¢âÀ≈—ß®“°
°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß.
§. ‚√§µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ ∑’Ë „ ™â «— § ´’ π
ªÑÕß°—π‰¥â ‰¥â·°à ‰¢â√“° “¥πâÕ¬, µ—∫
Õ—°‡ ∫‰«√—  ‡Õ·≈–∫’, ∫“¥∑–¬—°, ‰¢â
À«—¥„À≠à, ‡™◊ÈÕªááπ‘«‚¡§Õ§§— , ‡¡π‘ß-
‚°§Õ§§— , ‰¢â ¡ÕßÕ—°‡ ∫≠’˪ÿÉπ, À—¥,
§“ß∑Ÿ¡, À—¥‡¬Õ√¡—π, ‚√§æ‘… ÿπ—¢∫â“,
‡ªìπµâπ. °“√∑’˺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ®–‡≈◊Õ°√—∫
«— § ´’ π ™π‘ ¥ „¥ ¢÷È π °— ∫  ÿ ¢ ¿“æ·≈–
ª√–«—µ‘°“√‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬‡¥‘¡, ≈—°…≥–¿Ÿ¡‘-
ª√–‡∑»ª≈“¬∑“ß, ™π‘¥¢Õß°“√∑àÕß
ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ°—∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«

‡∑’Ë ¬ «, √–¬–‡«≈“∑’Ë ‰ ªÕ¬Ÿà , √«¡∑—È ß
 ∂“π°“√≥å‚√§√–∫“¥„π™à«ßπ—Èπ .
ß. ‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ‡©æ“–∂‘πË ∑’§Ë «√
»÷°…“°àÕπ‰ª ‰¥â·°àà ‚√§µ—∫Õ—°‡ ∫
‰«√—  Õ’ „πª√–‡∑»ª“°’ ∂“π, Õ‘π‡¥’¬,
‡¡Á°´‘‚°, ®’πÒÚ, ‚√§≈’‡®’¬π·π√å∑’ˇ°‘¥
®“°‡™◊ÈÕ Legionella pneumophila
´÷Ëß¡’·À≈àß·æ√à°√–®“¬„πÀÕº÷Ë߇¬Áπ
¢Õß‚√ß·√¡ÒÛ-Òı, «—≥‚√§Òˆ ·≈–‚√§
§≈⓬¡Õߧ≈àÕÒ˜.
ˆ. ∏√Á Õ ¡‚∫‡Õ¡‚∫≈‘   ¡ ¡’
°“√»÷°…“‡°’ˬ«°—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√
√— ° …“„π‚√ß欓∫“≈¥â« ¬‚√§À≈Õ¥
‡≈◊Õ¥¥”¡’°âÕπÕÿ¥µ—π ·≈–À√◊Õ æÿ≈-
‚¡π“√’¬å ‡ÕÁ¡‚∫≈‘ ¡ ´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°°“√
‡¥‘ π ∑“ß‚¥¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ß∫‘ 𠇪ì 𠇫≈“
π“πÊ, ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π™à « ß ı-Ò˜
™—Ë«‚¡ß·√° ∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡√’¬°«à“ °≈ÿà¡Õ“°“√
™—Èπª√–À¬—¥Ò¯ √âÕ¬≈– ¯Ú ¡’Õ“°“√
¿“¬„π Òı «—πÀ≈—ß°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß. ªí®®—¬
‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë ”§—≠„π°≈ÿà¡π’ȧ◊Õ √âÕ¬≈– ÛÙ
¡’ª√–«—µ‘‡§¬‡ªìπ‚√§π’È¡“°àÕπ, √âÕ¬≈–
Úı ¡’‚√§ª√–®”µ—«‡√◊ÈÕ√—ßÀ√◊Õ¡–‡√Áß,
√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ ‰¥â√—∫¬“ŒÕ√å‚¡π‡Õ ‚µ√-
‡®π, √âÕ¬≈– ÒÒ ‡æ‘Ë߉¥â√—∫Õÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿ∑’Ë
¢“Ò˘. ·µà¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– Ûˆ ∑’Ë
‰¡à¡’ª√–«—µ‘‡ ’ˬ߂√§π’È¡“°àÕπ‡≈¬Ú.
πÕ°®“°π—Èπ惵‘°√√¡∫“ßÕ¬à“ߢ≥–
‚¥¬ “√‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘π°Á¡’ à«π π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ
‡°‘¥¿“«–π’È ‰¥â·°à ¿“«–¢“¥πÈ”‡π◊ËÕß
®“°§«“¡™◊Èπ„πÀâÕß‚¥¬ “√µË”, °“√
¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å∑”„Àâ¡’°“√¢—∫ªí  “«–
¡“°, °“√¥◊Ë¡πÈ”πâÕ¬, °“√ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë
·≈–°“√π—Ë ß π“π‡°‘ 𠉪∑”„Àâ À ≈Õ¥
‡≈◊ Õ ¥¥”ªÕª≈‘ ‡ µ’ ¬ ≈∂Ÿ ° °¥∑— ∫ ‚¥¬
¢Õ∫∑’πË ßË— .
ª√–‡ √‘∞ Õ—  —πµ™—¬
°“√ªÑÕß°—π
- ¥◊Ë¡πÈ”¡“°Ê ·≈–À≈’°‡≈’ˬß
‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡∑’Ë¡’·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈åÀ√◊Õ°“√ Ÿ∫
∫ÿÀ√’.Ë
- °“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬‚¥¬‡¥‘π
‰ªµ“¡∑“߇¥‘π√–À«à“ß∑’Ëπ—ËߺŸâ‚¥¬ “√
‡ªìπ™à«ßÊ À√◊Õ¬◊¥‡À¬’¬¥¢“ ·≈–°“√
∫√‘À“√πàÕß«‘∏’ isometric calf exer-
cise.
- °“√ «¡„ à∂ÿßπàÕß√—¥¢“.
- À≈’°‡≈’ˬß∑’Ëπ—Ëß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà¥â“π„π
À√◊Õµ√ß°≈“߇æ◊ËÕ„ÀâÕÕ°®“°∑’Ëπ—Ë߉¥â
 –¥«°·≈–∫ààÕ¬.
˜. Õÿ∫µ— ‡‘ Àµÿ ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ¡§’ «“¡
‡ ’ˬߵàÕ°“√À°≈â¡, ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡¡◊ËÕ¡’
°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡∑’Ë µà “ ß
®“°∑’˧ÿâπ‡§¬ ¢≥–‡¥‘π∑“ß∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«,
ª√–°Õ∫°— ∫ °“√¡’ ¿ “«–°√–¥Ÿ ° æ√ÿ π
∑”„Àâ°√–¥Ÿ°À—°‰¥â√“«√âÕ¬≈– Ù. ºŸâ
 ŸßÕ“¬ÿ®÷ߧ«√√–¡—¥√–«—ßÕ¬à“߬‘Ëߢ≥–
‡¥‘π‰ª„π∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¢√ÿ¢√–À√◊Õ≈◊ËπÚÒ,
‡¥‘ π ∫π∑â Õ ß∂ππ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‰ª„π
ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë°“√®√“®√„Àâ√∂¬πµå¢—∫™‘¥
¢«“‡™àπ„π À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ Ω√—Ë߇»  ´÷Ëß
µà“ß®“°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬∑’Ë¢—∫√∂¬πµå
™‘¥´â“¬ ®÷ß∑”„Àââπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«¡’‚Õ°“  ™à«ß Û  —ª¥“Àå∑’˺à“π¡“
¡“°∑’®Ë –∂Ÿ°√∂™π¢≥–¢â“¡∂ππ (odds
ratio = Ú.ı) ‡æ√“–§«“¡§ÿâπ‡§¬
∑”„Àâ°“√¡Õß√∂´â“¬¢«“°àÕπ®–¢â“¡
µà“ß®“°‡¥‘¡ÚÚ. ∑’ Ë ”§—≠§«√À≈’°‡≈’¬Ë ß
°“√¥◊¡Ë  ÿ√“¢≥–¢—∫√∂¬πµå.
ªí≠À“∑“ß ÿ¢¿“æ¢ÕߺŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ
∑’Ë¡’‚√§ª√–®”µ—«‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß
Ò. ‚√§ªÕ¥Õÿ ¥ °—È π ‡√◊È Õ √— ß ÚÛ
√–¥— ∫ ·°ä   ÕÕ°´‘ ‡ ®π¿“¬„πÀâ Õ ßºŸâ
˜˜ı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‚¥¬ “√‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘π®–≈¥≈ß√“«√âÕ¬≈–
Òı-Ò¯ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫√–¥—∫πÈ”∑–‡≈.
 ”À√— ∫ ºŸâ ∑’Ë  ÿ ¢ ¿“æª√°µ‘ ¥’ ® –‰¡à ¡’
Õ“°“√º‘¥ª√°µ‘„¥Ê.  à«πºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§
ªÕ¥Õÿ¥°—Èπ‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß ´÷Ëß¡’√–¥—∫·°ä „π
‡≈◊Õ¥º‘¥ª√°µ‘Õ¬Ÿà·≈â« ®–¬‘Ë߇°‘¥¿“«–
æ√àÕßÕÕ°´‘‡®π‰¥â.  ”À√—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’
√–¥—∫ÕÕ°´‘‡®π„π‡≈◊Õ¥∑’√Ë –¥—∫πÈ”∑–‡≈
‡∑à“°—∫À√◊Õ¡“°°«à“ ˆ¯ ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√
ª√Õ∑ ‡¡◊ËÕÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë√–¥—∫§«“¡ Ÿß ¯,
øÿµ, °ÁæÕ‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ‰¥â«à“√–¥—∫ÕÕ°´‘‡®π
„π‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß®–‰¡àµË”°«à“ ı ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√
ª√Õ∑ˆ. ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¡à ¡§«√‡¥‘π∑“ß
‚¥¬‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘π ‰¥â·°à
- ¡’À≈Õ¥≈¡À¥‡°√Áߪ√–®”
- º‘«°“¬‡¢’¬«¢≥–æ—°
- ÀÕ∫‡Àπ◊Ë Õ ¬¢≥–æ— ° À√◊ Õ
√–À«à“ßÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬
- ªÕ¥Õ— ° ‡ ∫À√◊ Õ °“√µ‘ ¥
‡™◊ÈÕ„π∑“ßÀ“¬„® à«π∫π
- ‚√§À— « „®‡Àµÿ ª Õ¥ À√◊ Õ
¿“«–§«“¡¥—π‡≈◊Õ¥„πªÕ¥ Ÿß
- ¿“«–¡’Õ“°“»„π‚æ√߇¬◊ËÕ
Àÿ⡪ե À√◊Õ„π‡¡¥‘·Õ µ‘π—¡
- ‰¥â√—∫°“√ºà“µ—¥∑√«ßÕ°„π
- »‘¬å µå„πªÕ¥™π‘¥‰¡à¡’∑“ß
‡ªî¥µ‘¥µàÕ
- Àπâ“∑’˪եº‘¥ª√°µ‘Õ¬à“ß
„¥Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëߥ—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
Ò. §«“¡®ÿ ° “√·ºà ´à “ π
µË”°«à“√âÕ¬≈– ı ¢Õß§à“§“¥§–‡π.
Ú. ¿“«–§“√å∫å Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°-
‰´¥å‡°‘π : Paco2  Ÿß°«à“à ı ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√
ª√Õ∑.
Û. ¿“«–æ√ààÕßÕÕ°´‘‡®π:
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
Pao2 µË”°«à“ ı ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√ª√Õ∑.
Ù. Maximum voluntary
ventilation πâÕ¬°«à“ Ù ≈‘µ√/π“∑’.
ı. §«“¡®ÿ‰«µ—≈πâÕ¬°«à“
√âÕ¬≈– ı ¢Õß§à“§“¥§–‡π.
Ú. ‚√§À—«„® º≈°“√»÷°…“∂÷ß
 “‡Àµÿ°“√µ“¬¢≥–‡¥‘π∑“ß‚¥¬‡§√◊ÕË ß
∫‘π„π™à«ßªï ÚıÚ-ÚıÛ˜ æ∫«à“
‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∑“ßÀ—«„®∑’Ë¡‘‰¥â§“¥‰«â‡ªìπ
 “‡Àµÿ ° “√µ“¬Õ— π ¥— ∫ Àπ÷Ë ß §◊ Õ √“«
√âÕ¬≈– ıˆ, ®÷ß¡’¢âÕ·π–π”«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬
∑’Ë ¡’ ‚ √§√–∫∫À— « „®·≈–À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥
‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß §«√‰¥âÕÕ°´‘‡®π‡ √‘¡µ≈Õ¥
‡«≈“∑’ˇ§√◊ËÕß∫‘πÕ¬Ÿà Ÿß°«à“ ÚÚ,ı
øÿµˆ. °“√»÷°…“ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’¿“«–°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ
À— « „®µ“¬∑’Ë µâ Õ ß∂Ÿ ° ‡§≈◊Ë Õ π¬â “ ¬‚¥¬
‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘π æ∫«à“ ˘Ù √“¬„π Ò¯˜
√“¬ “¡“√∂‡¥‘ π ∑“߉¥â ª ≈Õ¥¿— ¬
¿“¬„π Ú  —ª¥“Àå·√°∑’‡Ë ªìπ‚√§. Cox
·≈–§≥–Úı  √ÿª«à“Õ“®∑”°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ
¬â“¬ºŸâªÉ«¬‚¥¬‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘π¿“¬„π Ú-Û
 —ª¥“Àå·√°‰¥â ·µà§«√¡’·æ∑¬åµ¥‘ µ“¡
‰ª¥â«¬.
°‘®°√√¡√–À«à“ß°“√∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «
°Á¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠ ”À√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’ˇªìπ
‚√§À—«„®Õ¬Ÿà‡¥‘¡ ‡™àπ ®“°°“√»÷°…“
ºŸ∑â ª’Ë πï ‡¢“ Ayers Rock „πÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬
æ∫ºŸâ∑’ˇ°‘¥‚√§°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀ—«„®µ“¬„π
™à«ßªï ÚıÛÙ-ÚıÛı ∂÷ß ˘ „π ÒÛ
√“¬¢≥–°”≈—ߪïπ‡¢“. ·¡â«à“¿“«–π’È
®–¡’Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– ı.Ò ¢Õß
Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√≥å∑’Ë√ÿπ·√ß, ·µà°Á‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ
°“√µ“¬¡“°°«à“§√÷ßË ¢Õß∑—ßÈ À¡¥Úˆ. ºŸâ
 Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ∑’Ë ¡’ ‚ √§À— « „®®÷ ß §«√ª√÷ ° …“
·æ∑¬åª√–®”µ—«°àÕπ°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß∂÷ß
°‘®°√√¡∑’‰Ë ¡à§«√ªØ‘∫µ— .‘
Û. ‚√§‚æ√ßÕ“°“»¢â “ ß®¡Ÿ °
Õ—°‡ ∫·≈–‚√§ÀŸ™—Èπ°≈“ß
µ“¡°Æ¢Õß Boyle ∑’Ë «à “
·√ߥ—π × ª√‘¡“µ√ = §ß∑’Ë.
Õ“°“»∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π‚æ√ߢÕß√à“ß
°“¬ ‡™àπ „πÀŸ™—Èπ°≈“ß, ‚æ√ßÕ“°“»
¢â“ß®¡Ÿ° ®–¢¬“¬µ—«‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ‡¡◊ÕË ·√ߥ—π
≈¥≈ߢ≥–∑’ˇ§√◊ËÕß∫‘π∫‘π¢÷Èπ, ·≈–®–
À¥µ— « ≈ߢ≥–∑’Ë ‡ §√◊Ë Õ ß∫‘ π °”≈— ß ≈¥
√–¥—∫, ∑”„À⇰‘¥·√ߥ—π≈∫¿“¬„πÀŸ
™—Èπ°≈“ß ‡°‘¥Õ“°“√ª«¥ÀŸ√ÿπ·√ß, ¡’
‡ ’¬ß„πÀŸ, «‘߇«’¬π, ÀŸÀπ«°À√◊Õ∂÷ß
°—∫‡¬◊ËÕ·°â«ÀŸ∑–≈ÿ‰¥â. ‡æ√“–©–π—ÈπºŸâ
∑’Ë¡’°“√Õÿ¥µ—π¢Õß‚æ√߇À≈à“π’È ‡™àπ ¡’
°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ √ÿπ·√ß„π∑“ßÀ“¬„® à«π∫π
À√◊ÕÀŸπÈ”Àπ«° ®–‡°‘¥∫“‚√∑√Õ¡“
∑’ˇ√’¬° barotitis media ‡°‘¥¡’°“√
§—¥À≈—Ëß “√πÈ”‡À≈◊ÕßπÈ”‡≈◊Õ¥ (sero-
sanguinous secretion) ¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß
√«¥‡√Á«„πÀŸ™πÈ— °≈“ß.
«‘∏ª’ ÕÑ ß°—π
- „™â ¬ “À¬Õ¥‡©æ“–∑’Ë À √◊ Õ
°‘π¬“≈¥°“√∫«¡¢Õ߇¬◊ËÕ∫ÿ.
- Toynbee maneuver ‚¥¬
°“√∫’∫®¡Ÿ°·≈â«°≈◊ππÈ”≈“¬ À√◊Õ«‘∏’
ø«—≈ —≈«“¥—¥·ª≈ß ‚¥¬°“√∫’∫®¡Ÿ°
·≈â « À“¬„®ÕÕ°‡∫“Ê¢≥–Àÿ ∫ ª“°,
‡§’Ȭ«À¡“°Ω√—Ëß, °≈◊ππÈ”≈“¬∫àÕ¬Ê
¢≥–‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘π∫‘π¢÷ÈπÀ√◊Õ≈ß.
Ù. ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬‡∫“À«“π ªí ≠ À“
∑’ËÕ“®®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¢≥–‡¥‘π∑“ß ”À√—∫
ºŸªâ «É ¬‡∫“À«“π§◊Õ ‡«≈“¢ÕßÕ“À“√®–
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ª, ‡«≈“¢Õß°“√‰¥â√—∫
¬“‡∫“À«“π, ≈—°…≥–Õ“À“√∑’ˉ¡à§ÿâπ
‡§¬, °“√®—¥À“¬“‚¥¬‡©æ“–¬“©’¥
Õ‘π ÿ≈‘π ·≈–§«“¡µâÕß°“√Õ‘π ÿ≈‘π
˜˜ˆ
¢≥–‡¥‘π∑“߇ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ª, µ≈Õ¥
®π°‘®°√√¡¢≥–‡¥‘π∑“ß. ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥π’È
®–¡’º≈µàÕ√–¥—∫πÈ”µ“≈∑’˵à“߉ª®“°
™’«‘µª√°µ‘ª√–®”«—π. ªí®®ÿ∫—π°“√®—¥
‡µ√’ ¬ ¡¬“©’ ¥ Õ‘ π  ÿ ≈‘ π ¢≥–‡¥‘ π ∑“ß
∑”‰¥â –¥«°, ¡’‡§√◊ÕË ß©’¥Õ‘π ÿ≈π‘ §≈⓬
ª“°°“ ‚¥¬¡’‰ âª“°°“‡ªìπ°√–‡ª“–
¬“Õ‘π ÿ≈‘π. ∂ⓇªìπÕ‘π ÿ≈‘π∏√√¡¥“
‰¡à ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß‡°Á ∫ „πµŸâ ‡ ¬Á π ∂â “ ®–„™â
À¡¥¿“¬„π Ò ‡¥◊Õπ. ∂Ⓡªìπ™π‘¥
NPH  “¡“√∂‡°Á∫‰¥â∂÷ß ˜ «—π„π
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕߪ√°µ‘. πÕ°®“°π—ÈπºŸâ∑’Ë
„™â¬“©’¥§«√ “¡“√∂‡®“–µ√«®√–¥—∫
πÈ” µ“≈„π‡≈◊ Õ ¥‰¥â ¥â « ¬µπ‡Õߢ≥–
‡¥‘π∑“ß.
°“√ª√—∫¬“ ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇ¥‘π
∑“ß„π·π«‡Àπ◊ Õ „µâ ¢ Õß‚≈° ®–‰¡à
µâÕß°“√°“√ª√—∫¢π“¥¬“.  à«πºŸâ∑’Ë
‡¥‘π∑“ß„π∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ°¢Õßæ◊πÈ ∑’‡Ë «≈“
§«“¡¬“«¢Õß«—π®– —Èπ°«à“ª√°µ‘Ú˜ ºŸâ
∑’Ë„™â¬“°‘πÕ¬Ÿà·≈â« Õ“®‰¡àµâÕߪ√—∫
¢π“¥¬“.  à«πºŸâ∑’Ë„™â¬“©’¥Õ¬Ÿà∑’˵âÕß
‡¥‘π∑“ß¡ÿàß∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ°¢â“¡‡ âπæ◊Èπ
∑’ˇ«≈“¡“°°«à“ ˆ æ◊Èπ∑’Ë „Àâª√—∫¢π“¥
¬“Õ‘π ÿ≈‘π ¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë ÛÚ¯.
ºŸâ∑’ˇ¥‘π∑“߉ª∑“ß∑‘»µ–«—π
µ°¡“°°«à“ ˆ æ◊Èπ∑’ˇ«≈“ §«“¡¬“«
¢Õß«— π ®–¬“«°«à “ ª√°µ‘ §«√ª√— ∫
¢π“¥¬“©’¥Õ‘π ÿ≈‘π ¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ù.
°“√‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¢π“¥Õ‘ π  ÿ ≈‘ π ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡¥‘ π
∑“߉ª∑‘»µ–«—πµ° À√◊Õ°“√≈¥¢π“¥
Õ‘π ÿ≈π‘ ‡¡◊ÕË ‡¥‘π∑“߉ª„π∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ°
®“°¢π“¥ª√°µ‘√“«√âÕ¬≈– Ú-Ù æ∫
«à“‰¡à∑”„À⺟âªÉ«¬‡∫“À«“π‡°‘¥¿“«–
πÈ”µ“≈„π‡≈◊Õ¥µË”‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°‡¥‘¡Ú˘.
ı. ‚√§µ—∫ ¿“«–‡≈◊Õ¥µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ
ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ°—∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û
«—π∑’Ë ‡™â“«—π∑’Ë
«‘∏’©’¥¬“ Ò ™—Ë«‚¡ßµàÕ¡“ «—π∑’Ë Ú
ÕÕ°‡¥‘π∑“ß ‡¥‘π∑“߉ª∂÷ß
«—π≈–§√—Èß „™â¢π“¥¬“ª√°µ‘ Ú/Û ¢Õß¢π“¥¬“ª√°µ‘ ∂â“πÈ”µ“≈„π‡≈◊Õ¥¡“°°«à“ Úı ¡°./¥≈. ¢π“¥¬“ª√°µ‘
°Á©’¥‡æ‘Ë¡Õ’° Ò/Û ¢Õß¢π“¥¬“ª√°µ‘
«—π≈– Ú §√—Èß „™â¢π“¥¬“ª√°µ‘ Ú/Û ¢Õß¢π“¥¬“µÕπ‡™â“ ∂â“πÈ”µ“≈„π‡≈◊Õ¥¡“°°«à“ Úı ¡°./¥≈. ¢π“¥¬“ª√°µ‘
°Á©’¥¢π“¥¬“‡∑à“°—∫µÕπ‡¬Áπª√°µ‘ + Ò/Û
¢Õß¢π“¥¬“µÕπ‡™â“

«—π∑’Ë
«‘∏’©’¥¬“
ÕÕ°‡¥‘π∑“ß
«—π≈–§√—Èß „™â¢π“¥¬“ª√°µ‘
«—π≈– Ú §√—Èß „™â¢π“¥¬“ª√°µ‘
Vibrio vulnificus ¡—°æ∫„πºŸ∑â ¡Ë’ ‚’ √§
µ—∫Õ¬Ÿà‡¥‘¡À√◊ÕºŸâµ‘¥ ÿ√“‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß, ®÷ߧ«√
À≈’°‡≈’ˬ߰“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑–‡≈∑’ˉ¡à
 ÿ°À√◊Õ°“√¬Ë”πÈ”∑–‡≈¢≥–¡’∫“¥·º≈
∑’ˇ∑â“À√◊Õ∑’Ë¢“, ‡æ√“–¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬߵàÕ
°“√‡°‘¥¿“«–π’ȉ¥â ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’
¿“«–µ—∫·¢Áß ·≈–¡’Õ—µ√“‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ∂÷ß
√âÕ¬≈– ˆ. ºŸâªÉ«¬ à«π„À≠à¡—°‡ªìπ
ºŸâ™“¬Õ“¬ÿ¡“°°«à“ ı ¢÷Èπ‰ªÛ.
 √ÿª
ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ∑®’Ë ”‡ªìπµâÕ߇¥‘π∑“ß‚¥¬
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ù
Ò¯ ™¡.À≈—ß®“° ‡™â“«—π∑’Ë
‰¥â¬“µÕπ‡™â“·≈â« ‡¥‘π∑“߉ª∂÷ß
∂â“πÈ”µ“≈„π‡≈◊Õ¥¡“°°«à“ Úı ¢π“¥ª√°µ‘
¡°./¥≈. °Á©¥’ ‡æ‘¡Ë Õ’° Ò/Û ¢Õß
¢π“¥ª°µ‘
∂â“πÈ”µ“≈„π‡≈◊Õ¥¡“°°«à“ Úı ¢π“¥ª√°µ‘
¡°./¥≈. °Á©¥’ ‡æ‘¡Ë Õ’° Ò/Û ¢Õß
¢π“¥µÕπ‡™â“
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß∫‘ 𠧫√§”π÷ ß §«“¡®”‡ªì π ∑’Ë
µâ Õ ß„™â Õ Õ°´‘ ‡ ®π‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ „π√“¬∑’Ë ¡’
‚√§ª√–®”µ—«, ¥◊Ë¡πÈ”„ÀâæՇ撬ß. ºŸâ∑’Ë
¡’ § «“¡æ‘ ° “√Õ“®µâ Õ ß°“√æ◊È π ∑’Ë ‡ æ‘Ë ¡
¢÷πÈ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ºŸ∑â ‚Ë’ ¥¬ “√™—πÈ ª√–À¬—¥.
ºŸâªÉ«¬À≈—ßºà“µ—¥™àÕßÕ°À√◊Õ™àÕß∑âÕß
¿“¬„π Ú  —ª¥“Àå·√°§«√À≈’°‡≈’ˬß
°“√‚¥¬ “√‡§√◊ÕË ß∫‘π ‡æ√“–∑”„Àâ·°ä 
∑’˧â“ß„π™àÕßµà“ßÊ ¢¬“¬µ—«. Õ“°“√
 —∫ πÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πºŸâ∑’Ë ÿ¢¿“扡॒
®“°√–¥—∫ÕÕ°´‘‡®π∑’Ë≈¥≈ß, ¿“«–
¢“¥πÈ” À√◊Õ¿“«–‡¡“‡«≈“. ¥—ßπ—Èπ
°àÕπ‡¥‘π∑“ߧ«√‡µ√’¬¡·ºπ°“√‡¥‘π
∑“ß„Àâ≈–‡Õ’¬¥‡∑à“∑’Ë®–∑”‰¥â »÷°…“
 ¿“æ¿Ÿ ¡‘ ª √–‡∑»·≈–¿Ÿ ¡‘ Õ “°“»
µ≈Õ¥®π«—≤π∏√√¡§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà∑’˺Ÿâ
 ŸßÕ“¬ÿµâÕߪ√—∫µ—«.  ”À√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
∑’Ë ¡’ ‚ √§ª√–®”µ— « Õ¬Ÿà µâ Õ ß‰¡à ≈◊ ¡ ∑’Ë ® –
ª√÷°…“·æ∑¬åª√–®”µ—«∂÷ߧ«“¡æ√âÕ¡
„π°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß √«¡∑—ÈߢՄ∫ àßµ—«π”
µ‘¥µ—«‰ª¥â«¬°√≥’©ÿ°‡©‘π∑’˵âÕ߉ªæ∫
·æ∑¬å ∑à “ πÕ◊Ë π ·≈–𔬓∑’Ë „ ™â Õ ¬Ÿà
ª√–®”‰ª¥â«¬. §«√·®âßµàÕ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë
 “¬°“√∫‘π∂÷ߪí≠À“ ÿ¢¿“æ‡æ◊ÕË ¡’°“√
‡µ√’¬¡°“√摇»…≈à«ßÀπâ“. æ÷ß√–≈÷°
‡ ¡Õ«à“æπ—°ß“πµâÕπ√—∫∫π‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘π
‰¡à „ ™à ‡ ®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë æ ¬“∫“≈ ·≈–‡æ◊Ë Õ
§«“¡¡—Ë π „®§«√æ‘ ® “√≥“∑”ª√–°— π
 ÿ¢¿“æ°—∫∫√‘…—∑ª√–°—π‡Õ°™π ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–ºŸâ∑’˵âÕ߇¥‘π∑“߉ªµà“ߪ√–‡∑»
´÷Ëߧà“√—°…“欓∫“≈®– Ÿß¡“°.
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Ò. √“¬ß“π ∂‘µ‘ª√–®”ªï æ.». ÚıÙÛ °Õß
 ∂‘µ‘·≈–«‘®—¬, °“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·Ààߪ√–‡∑»
‰∑¬.

ª√–‡ √‘∞ Õ—  —πµ™—¬
˜˜˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
Ú.  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘, ‡√◊Õπ  ¡≥–,  ”√“≠
«—ß»æà“Àå. ¿“«–‡¡“‡«≈“. «“√ “√√“™
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ÚıÛı; Ò˜: ˆ¯-˜Ú.
Û. Walker E, Williams G. ABC of
healthy travel. London: British Medi-
cal Journal; 1989.
Ù. Suhner A, Schlagenhauf P, Johnson
R, Tschopp A, Steffen R. Compara-
tive study to determine the optimal
melatonin dosage form for the alle-
viation of jet lag. Chronobiol Int
1998; 15: 655-66.
ı. Aldrete JA, Aldrete LE. Oxygen con-
centration in commercial aircraft
flights. South Med J 1983; 76: 12-4.
ˆ. Gong H Jr. Air travel and oxygen
therapy in cardiopulmonary patients.
Chest 1992; 101: 1104.
˜. Bettes TN, Mckenas DK. Medical
Advice for commercial air travelers.
Am Fam Physician 1999; 60: 801-
10.
¯. Rajagopalan S. Infectious diarrheas
in older adults. Infect Dis Clin Pract
1997; 6: 313.
˘. Caeiro JP, DuPont HL. Management
of travellerûs diarrhoea. Drugs 1998;
56: 73-81.
Ò. Oh HM, Kong PM, Snodgrass I. Im-
ported malaria in a Singapore hospi-
tal: clinical presentation and outcome.
Int J Infect Dis 1999; 3: 136-9.
ÒÒ. Schoepke A, Steffen R, Gratz N.
Effectiveness of personal protection
measures against mosquito bites for
malaria prophylaxis in travelers. J
Travel Med 1998; 5: 188-92.
ÒÚ. Ooi WW, Gawoski JM, Yarbough
PO, Pankey GA. Hepatitis E sero-
conversion in United States travel-
ers. Am J Trop Med Hygien 1999;
61: 822-4.
ÒÛ. Joseph C, Morgan D, Birtles R, Pelaz
C, Martin-Bourgon C, Black M, et
al. An International investigation of
an outbreak of Legionnaires disease
among UK and French tourists. Eur
J Epidemiol 1996; 12: 215-9.
ÒÙ.  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘, ª∞¡  «√√§åªí≠≠“‡≈‘».
¿“«–¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»„πÕ“§“√ “∏“√≥–
„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. «“√ “√«‘™“°“√ “∏“√≥-
 ÿ¢ ÚıÙÛ; ˘: Úˆ-Ûˆ.
Òı. ‰æ√—™ »√’‰ «. ‚√§‡≈‡®’¬π·π√å ·≈–ÀÕ
≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡π‘ ”È . «“√ “√«‘™“°“√ “∏“√≥-
 ÿ¢ ÚıÙÛ; ˘: Û˜-ÙÛ.
Òˆ. Õ√√∂ π“π“,  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘. π—°∑àÕß
‡∑’¬Ë «°—∫«—≥‚√§. «“√ “√Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å·Ààß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ÚıÙÙ; Ò˜: Ò˜Ò.
Ò˜. Õ¡√ ≈’≈“√—»¡’,  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘. ‚√§
‡¡≈‘ÕÕ¬¥å: °“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∑’ËÕ“®‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬
·°àºŸâ‡¥‘π∑“߇¢â“„π∂‘Ëπ‚√§. «“√ “√Õ“¬ÿ√-
»“ µ√å·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ÚıÙÙ; Ò˜:
¯ı-˜.
Ò¯. Mercer A, Brown JD. Venous throm-
boembolism associated with air
travel: a report of 33 patients. Aviat
Space Environ Med 1998; 69: 154-
7.
Ò˘. Eklof B, Kistner RL, Masuda EM,
Sonntag BV, Wong HP. Venous
thromboembolism in association with
prolonged air travel. Dermatol Surg
1996; 22: 637-41.
Ú.  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘, ª∞¡  «√√§åªí≠≠“‡≈‘».
°≈ÿà¡Õ“°“√™—Èπª√–À¬—¥. Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å
ÚıÙÙ; Ò˜: Û-Ù.
ÚÒ. ª√–‡ √‘∞ Õ—  —πµ™—¬. Õ“°“√À°≈â¡„πºŸâ
 ŸßÕ“¬ÿ.  “√»‘√‘√“™ ÚıÛ¯; ÚÛˆ-Ù˘.
ÚÚ. Petridou E, Askitopoulou H,
Vourvahakis D, Skalkidis Y,
Trichopoulou D. Epidemiology of
road traffic accidents during pleasure
˜˜¯
travelling: the evidence from the Is-
land of Crete. Accident Analysis Pre-
vent 1997; 29: 687-93.
ÚÛ. De Guia TS. COPD patients - can
they travel? Intern Med J Thai 2001;
17: 165-7.
ÚÙ. Cummins RO, Chapman PJ, Cham-
berlain DA, Schubach JA, Litwin PE.
In-flight deaths during commercial air
travel. How big is the problem?
JAMA 1988; 259: 1983-8.
Úı. Cox GR, Peterson J, Bouchel L,
Delmas JJ. Safety of commercial
air travel following myocardial in-
farction. Aviat Space Environ Med
1996; 67: 976-82.
Úˆ. Salib MW, Brimacombe JR. A sur-
vey of emergency medical care at
Uluru (Ayers Rock). Med J Aust
1994; 161: 693.
Ú˜. Gill GV, Redmond S. Insulin treat-
ment, time-zones and air travel: a
survey of current advice from British
diabetic clinics. Diabet Med 1993; 10:
764.
Ú¯. Patterson JE, Patterson TF, Bia FJ,
Barry M. Assuring safe travel for
todayûs elderly. Geriatrics 1989; 44:
44-53.
Ú˘. Sane T, Koivisto VA, Nikkanen P,
Pelkonen R. Adjustment of insulin
doses of diabetic patients during long
distance flights. Br Med J 1990; 301:
421-2.
Û. Shapiro RL, Altekruse S, Hutwagner
L, Bishop R, Hammond R, Wilson
S, et al. The role of Gulf Coast oys-
ters harvested in warmer months in
Vibrio vulnificus infections in the
United States, 1988-1996. J Infect
Dis 1998; 178: 752-9.
ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ°—∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

Abstract The Elderly and Travel

Prasert Assantachai
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
The tourism industry has been promoted in Thailand over the past three decades with consid-
erable success as in the year 2000 it generated national income second only to the export of computer
parts. The “young old” are seen as potential domestic travelers who are fairly fit for travel, although
some may have health problems. It is crucial for older people to prepare themselves correctly and
make their journey a memorable time. The common disorders which older people are likely to
encounter include motion sickness, jet lag, low oxygen ambient air and low ambient pressure in the
flight cabin, heat and humidity, infectious diseases, thromboembolism or “economy class syndrome”
and accidents. As far as underlying chronic disease is concerned, the elderly may be liable to wors-
ening conditions, e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart diseases, diseases of the paranasal
air sinus and middle ear, diabetes mellitus and liver disease. Therefore, the elderly should plan
their journey in detail as much as possible. They should also consult their physicians in view of
their physical fitness and, according to their itinerary, carry a summary of their medical records
throughout the journey as well as any medicine they may be taking. Studying information about
the destination’s climate, environment and the way of life of the local people is also essential for the
adaptation of the elderly. In addition, they should inform airline personnel beforehand should they
have any special requirements, e.g. supplemental oxygen, diabetic diet, the use of medical aids and
appliances, etc. In case of an emergency, there are limited choices for the elderly to choose medical
care in foreign countries. Having health insurance coverage during travel is an appropriate way to
control expenditures as well as to maintain peace of mind.
Key words : travel medicine, elderly

ª√–‡ √‘∞ Õ—  —πµ™—¬
˜˜˘
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002 ∫∑

∫√√≥π‘∑—»πå
°”‡π‘¥™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ* π‘æπ∏å ∑√“¬‡æ™√
√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

‡µÁ¡À√◊Õ‡¥◊Õπ§àŸ ‡™à𠇥◊Õπ¬’Ë, Ù,...

°“√µ—ßÈ ™◊ÕË ‡¥◊Õπ®—π∑√§µ‘¢Õ߉∑¬¡’À≈—°«à“ ‡¥◊Õπ§’ÀË √◊Õ‡¥◊Õπ¢“¥
¡’ Ú˘ «—π, ‡¥◊Õπ§ŸàÀ√◊Õ‡¥◊Õπ‡µÁ¡¡’ Û «—π. „π√Õ∫ Ò˘ ªï ®—π∑√§µ‘
§◊Õ‡¥◊Õπ∑’¡Ë ’ Û «—π. «—π·√°¢Õ߇¥◊Õπ
®–µâÕß¡’‡¥◊Õπ ¯ ÀπÀ≈—ß∑ÿ°Ê Û, ˆ, ˘, ÒÒ, ÒÙ, Ò˜ ·≈– Ò˘ ªï ‡√’¬°«à“«—π¢â“ߢ÷πÈ Ò §Ë”, «—π°≈“߇¥◊Õπ
·≈–‡√’¬°ªï‡À≈à“π’È«à“ ªïÕ∏‘°¡“ . „π√Õ∫ Û¯ ªï®—π∑√§µ‘®–µâÕ߇æ‘Ë¡ ‡√’¬°«à“«—π¢â“ߢ÷πÈ Òı §Ë”, «—π ‘πÈ ‡¥◊Õπ
Ò «—π„À⇥◊Õπ ˜ ∑ÿ°Ê ªï∑’Ë ˆ, ÒÚ, Ò˜ ÚÚ, Ú¯, ÛÛ ·≈– Û¯. ‡√’¬°«à“«—π¢â“ß·√¡ Òı §Ë”.  à«π
ªï‡À≈à“π’ȇ√’¬°«à“ ªïÕ∏‘°«“√ ∑—Èßπ’È ‡æ◊ËÕª√—∫„ÀâªØ‘∑‘π®—π∑√§µ‘µ√ßµ“¡ ‡¥◊Õπ¢“¥À√◊Õ‡¥◊Õπ§’Ë ‡™à𠇥◊ÕπÕ⓬,
ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈ ·≈–µ√ßµ“¡≈—°…≥–∑’Ë¥«ß®—π∑√åª√“°Ø. °”‡π‘¥™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ
 ÿ√‘¬§µ‘¢Õ߉∑¬·≈–¢Õß‚√¡—π‚∫√“≥¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π. ™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ
Û, ı,... ¡’ Ú˘ «—π. «—π·√°¢Õ߇¥◊Õπ
¢Õ߉∑¬¡’§«“¡‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫√“»’·≈–°≈ÿà¡¥“«ƒ°…å∫πøÑ“∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë §◊Õ«—π¢â“ߢ÷Èπ Ò §Ë”, «—π°≈“߇¥◊Õπ
¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬åºà“π ´÷Ë߇√’¬°«à“°≈ÿà¡¥“«®—°√√“»’ ‡™à𠇥◊Õπ¡°√“§¡ ¡’ §◊Õ«—π¢â“ߢ÷Èπ Òı §Ë” ·≈–«—π ÿ¥∑⓬
§«“¡À¡“¬«à“ ç¡“∂÷ß¡°√·≈â«é À¡“¬∂÷ß ¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å‰¥â¡“Õ¬Ÿà„π ¢Õ߇¥◊Õπ§◊Õ«—π¢â“ß·√¡ ÒÙ §Ë”. ‡¡◊ËÕ
√“»’¡°√ ´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°≈ÿà¡¥“«¡°√ (Capricornus). §√∫ ÒÚ ‡¥◊Õπ À√◊Õ Ò ªï ®”π«π«—π„π
 à«π‡¥◊Õπ ÿ√‘¬§µ‘¢Õß°√’°·≈–‚√¡—π‚∫√“≥‡√’¬°‡¥◊Õπ·√°¢Õߪï«à“
January µ“¡™◊ËÕ‡∑懮⓷Ààߪ√–µŸ·≈–Àπ⓵à“ß∑’Ë™◊ËÕ«à“ Janus
Ò ªï ®÷ß√«¡°—π‰¥â ÛıÙ «—π ´÷ËßπâÕ¬
´÷Ë߉¡à‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°≈ÿà¡¥“«∫πøÑ“‡≈¬, ¡’‡æ’¬ß‡¥◊Õπ‡¥’¬«∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß °«à“«—π„πªï ÿ√‘¬§µ‘ À√◊Õªï∑’ËÀ¡“¬∂÷ß
°—∫¥“« §◊Õ March ∑’ˇՓ¡“®“° Mars (¥“«Õ—ߧ“√). ™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ë‚≈°‡§≈◊ËÕπ√Õ∫¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å
§” ”§—≠ : ™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ Ò √Õ∫.  ”À√—∫ªïªØ‘∑‘π ÿ√‘¬§µ‘‡°√-
°Õ‡√’¬π¡’ Ûˆı.ÚÙÚı «—π ¡“°°«à“
™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ë‚≈°‡§≈◊ËÕπ√Õ∫¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å
Ò √Õ∫‡≈Á°πâÕ¬. ∂â“π—∫‡«≈“µ—ßÈ ·µà‡ÀÁπ
¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬åºà“π®ÿ¥Õ‘§«‘πÕ°´å„π‡¥◊Õπ
∫∑π” ‡√’¬°«à“ ‡¥◊Õπ®—π∑√§µ‘ ‡æ√“–Õ“»—¬ ¡’π“§¡§√—Èß·√°∂÷ߧ√—Èß∂—¥‰ª®–¬“«
‡¥◊ Õ π‡ªì π Àπà « ¬«— ¥ ‡«≈“µ“¡ ¥«ß®—π∑√凪ìπÀ≈—°. ‡¥◊Õπ®—π∑√§µ‘ π“πª√–¡“≥ Ûˆı.ÚÙÚÚ «—π ´÷Ëß
∏√√¡™“µ‘. Ò ‡¥◊Õπ §◊Õ™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ë „™â„πªØ‘∑‘π®—π∑√§µ‘∑’Ë¡’‡¥◊ÕπÕ¬àŸ Ú ‡√’¬°«à“ ªïƒ¥Ÿ°“≈. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ªïªØ‘∑‘π
¥«ß®—π∑√凧≈◊ËÕπ√Õ∫‚≈° Ò √Õ∫ ·≈– Õ¬à“ߧ◊Õ ‡¥◊Õπ‡µÁ¡°—∫‡¥◊Õπ¢“¥. ‡¥◊Õπ ‡°√°Õ‡√’¬π®÷߬“«°«à“ªïƒ¥Ÿ°“≈լટ ≈ï –
.Û «—π. „π Û, ªï ªØ‘∑‘π
*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ú ¡°√“§¡ æ.». ÚıÙı ‡°√°Õ‡√’¬π (ªØ‘∑‘π∑’Ë„™â„πªí®®ÿ∫—π)

°”‡π‘¥™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ
˜¯
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

®–º‘¥ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈‰ªª√–¡“≥ Ò «—π. ªØ‘∑π‘ ®—π∑√§µ‘ª√°µ‘®–¬“«‡æ’¬ß ÛıÙ «—π ·≈–¡’§«“¡¬“«¢Õß·µà≈–‡¥◊Õπ·µ°

‡°√°Õ‡√’¬π¥’°«à“ªØ‘∑‘π®Ÿ‡≈’¬π´÷Ëß„Àâ ´÷Ëß —Èπ°«à“ªïƒ¥Ÿ°“≈ªï≈–°«à“ ÒÒ «—π. µà“ß®“°ªí®®ÿ∫—π§◊Õ
§«“¡¬“« Ò ªï ‡ªìπ Ûˆı.Úı «—π ¥—ßπ—Èπ∑ÿ°Ê Ú ªï ¯ ‡¥◊Õπ ®”π«π«—π Ò. Januarius ¡’ ÛÒ «—π
∑”„À⪪ï Ø‘∑π‘ ®Ÿ‡≈’¬πº‘¥ªïƒ¥Ÿ°“≈‰ª Ò ∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß®–¡“°¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ Û «—π ®÷ß Ú. Februarius ¡’ Ú˘ «—π
«—π „π ÒÚ¯ ªï. ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È  —𵪓ª“ µâÕ߇æ‘Ë¡„Àâªïπ—Èπ¡’‡¥◊Õπ ¯ ÀπÀ≈—ß Û. Martius ¡’ ÛÒ «—π
‡°√°Õ√’®÷ßµâÕßµ—¥«—πÕÕ° Ò «—π „π ∑”„Àâªï®—π∑√§µ‘π—Èπ¡’ Û¯Ù «—π ‡√’¬° Ù. Aprillis ¡’ Û «—π
‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡ §.». Òı¯Ú ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ «à“ ªïÕ∏‘°¡“  (¡’ ÒÛ ‡¥◊Õπ). „π Ò˘ ı. Maius ¡’ ÛÒ «—π
ªØ‘∑π‘ µ√߃¥Ÿ°“≈. ªï ®–¡’ªïÕ∏‘°¡“ Õ¬àŸ ˜ §√—Èß §◊Õªï∑’Ë Û, ˆ. Junius ¡’ Û «—π
ˆ, ˘, ÒÒ, ÒÙ, Ò˜ ·≈– Ò˘. ˜. Quintillis ¡’ ÛÒ «—π
™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ®—π∑√§µ‘ ¥—ßπ—È𠇥◊Õπ®—π∑√§µ‘∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß ¯. Sextillis ¡’ Û «—π
‡¥◊Õπ®—π∑√§µ‘‰¡à¡™’ Õ◊Ë ‡©æ“–∑’¬Ë ßàÿ ®“°ª√°µ‘ §◊Õ ‡¥◊Õ𷪥ÀπÀ≈—ß ·≈– ˘. September ¡’ ÛÒ «—π
¬“° ‡æ√“–„™â≈”¥—∫À√◊Õµ—«‡≈¢∫Õ° ‡¥◊Õπ‡®Á¥¡’ Û «—π À√◊Õ ‡¥◊ÕπÕ∏‘°- Ò. October ¡’ Û «—π
™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õ𠇙à𠇥◊Õπ§’ËÀ√◊Õ‡¥◊Õπ¢“¥°Á «“√. ÒÒ. November ¡’ ÛÒ «—π
§◊Õ ‡¥◊ÕπÕ⓬ ‡¥◊Õπ “¡ ‡¥◊ÕπÀâ“ ‡¥◊Õπ ÒÚ. December ¡’ Û «—π
‡®Á¥ ‡¥◊Õπ‡°â“ ·≈–‡¥◊Õπ ‘∫‡ÕÁ¥. ‡¥◊Õπ ™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ ÿ√‘¬§µ‘ √«¡∑—Èߪ Ûˆı «—π ∑ÿ°Ê Ù ªï
‡À≈à“π’È¡’®”π«π«—π Ú˘ «—π‡∑à“π—Èπ. À¡“¬∂÷߇¥◊Õπ∑’ÕË “»—¬¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å ®–„À⇥◊Õπ Februarius ¡’ Û «—π
„π∫“ߪ◊Õπ‡®Á¥Õ“®‡æ‘¡Ë ‡ªìπ Û «—𠇪ìπÀ≈—° ‰¥â·°à ‡¥◊Õπ¡°√“§¡ °ÿ¡- ‡æ◊ËÕ‡©≈’ˬ„À≥âªï≈– Ûˆı.Úı «— π
‡ªìπ°√≥’摇»… ‡√’¬°«à“ Õ∏‘°«“√. ªï ¿“æ—π∏å ¡’π“§¡... ∏—𫓧¡, ´÷Ëßµ√ß §«“¡¬“«¢Õ߇¥◊Õπ°Á ≈—∫°—π√–À«à“ß
„¥∑’ˇ¥◊Õπ‡®Á¥¡’ Û «—π ®÷߇√’¬°«à“ ªï °—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…«à“ January, Febru- ÛÒ °—∫ Û «—π π—∫«à“‡ªìπ√–‡∫’¬∫
Õ∏‘°«“√. æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®Õ¡- ary, March,... December µ“¡≈”¥—∫. ‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬¥’.
‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬àŸÀ—«∑√ß¡’°Æ‡°≥±å„π°“√ ™◊ËÕ„π¿“…“‰∑¬¡’°”‡π‘¥·µ°µà“ß®“° ™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ≈”¥—∫∑’Ë ˜-ÒÚ ¢â“ßµâπ
°”Àπ¥ªïÕ∏‘°«“√«à“ „π™à«ß‡«≈“ Û¯ ™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ„π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…‡ªìπÕ—π¡“° ‡ªìπ°“√‡√’¬ß≈”¥—∫¢Õ߇¥◊Õπ„π√Õ∫ªï
ªï „Àâ¡’ªïÕ∏‘°«“√Õ¬àŸ ˜ ªï §◊Õ ªï∑’Ë ˆ, ¥—ß®–‰¥â°≈à“«µàÕ‰ª ‚¥¬„À⇥◊Õπ·√°‡ªìπ Martius À√◊Õ
ÒÚ, Ò˜, ÚÚ, Ú¯, ÛÛ ·≈– Û¯. ™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ ÿ√‘¬§µ‘„π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… March, Aprillis, Maius, Junius
 “‡Àµÿ∑’˵âÕß¡’Õ∏‘°«“√‡æ√“–ªØ‘∑‘π ¡“®“°√“°»—æ∑凥‘¡‡ªìπ¿“…“≈–µ‘𠇪ìπ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë Ú, Û, Ù µ“¡≈”¥—∫.
®—π∑√§µ‘„™â‡¥◊Õπ‡©≈’¬Ë ¬“« Ú˘.ı «—π
ªØ‘∑‘π®÷ß —Èπ°«à“¥«ß®—π∑√å®√‘ßÊ ∫π
øÑ“‡¥◊Õπ≈–ª√–¡“≥ .Û «—π. ‡¥◊Õπ
§àŸÀ√◊Õ‡¥◊Õπ‡µÁ¡ §◊Õ‡¥◊Õπ¬’Ë, ‡¥◊Õπ ’Ë, ¥—ßπ—Èπ ≈”¥—∫∑’Ë ˜ ®÷߇ªìπ Quintillis ´÷Ëß·ª≈«à“ ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë ı
‡¥◊ÕπÀ°, ‡¥◊Õ𷪥, ‡¥◊Õπ ‘∫ ·≈– ≈”¥—∫∑’Ë ¯ ®÷߇ªìπ Sextillis ´÷Ëß·ª≈«à“ ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë ˆ
‡¥◊Õπ ‘∫ Õß „π∫“ߪïÕ“®¡’∂÷ß ÒÛ ≈”¥—∫∑’Ë ˘ ®÷߇ªìπ September ´÷ßË ·ª≈«à“ ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë ˜
‡¥◊Õπ. ∑—Èßπ’È ‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâªØ‘∑‘π®—π∑√§µ‘ ≈”¥—∫∑’Ë Ò ®÷߇ªìπ October ´÷Ëß·ª≈«à“ ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë ¯
µ√ß°—∫ªØ‘∑π‘  ÿ√¬‘ §µ‘®ß÷ µâÕß¡’‡¥◊Õπ ¯ ≈”¥—∫∑’Ë ÒÒ ®÷߇ªìπ November ´÷Ëß·ª≈«à“ ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë ˘
ÀπÀ≈—ßÀ√◊Õ‡¥◊Õ𷪥 ÕßÀπ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ ≈”¥—∫∑’Ë ÒÚ ®÷߇ªìπ December ´÷Ëß·ª≈«à“ ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë Ò
™◊Ë Õ ‡¥◊ Õ π∑’Ë µâ Õ ß‡æ‘Ë ¡ „Àâ · °à ªï ®— π ∑√§µ‘
‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâµ√ßµ“¡ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈ ‡æ√“– Ò ªï

π‘æπ∏å ∑√“¬‡æ™√
˜¯Ò
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
µàÕ¡“®Ÿ‡≈’¬ ´’´“√å (Julius Cae-
sar) ·ÀàßÕ“≥“®—°√‚√¡—π ∑√ßæ∫§«“¡
¬àßÿ ‡À¬‘ß —∫ π¢Õߪؑ∑π‘ ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“°
®÷ß„Àâª√—∫ªØ‘∑‘π„À¡à‡√’¬°«à“ ªØ‘∑‘π
®Ÿ‡≈’¬π, ´÷ßË ‡√‘¡Ë „™â¡“µ—ßÈ ·µàª°ï Õà π§√‘ µå
»—°√“™ Ùı ªï, ‚¥¬„Àâª√—∫µ”·Àπàß
¢Õ߇¥◊Õπ„À¡à °≈à“«§◊Õ„À⇥◊Õπ∑’Ë Ò
‡¥‘¡§◊Õ March ‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë Û, „À⇥◊Õπ
Januarius ‡ªì 𠇥◊ Õ π∑’Ë Ò, ‡¥◊ Õ π
Februarius ‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë Ú. ¥—ßπ—Èπ
‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë Ò ‡¥‘¡°Á°â“«‰ª‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë
ÒÚ, ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë ˘ ‡¥‘¡ (November)
°Á‰ª‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë ÒÒ, October ‡¥◊Õπ
¯ ‡¥‘¡‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë Ò, September
‡¥◊Õπ ˜ ‡¥‘¡‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë ˘.
‡æ◊ÕË ‡ªìπ‡°’¬√µ‘¬»·°à®‡Ÿ ≈’¬ ´’´“√å
π—°¥“√“»“ µ√å∑ª’Ë √÷°…“™◊ÕË ‚´´‘‡®‡π  °“√∑”„Àâ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï. ªí®®ÿ∫—π Februus
‰¥â‡ πÕ„À⇪≈’ˬπ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë ı ‡¥‘¡®“°
Quinitillis ‡ªìπ July.
®Ÿ‡≈’¬ ´’´“√å∂°Ÿ ≈Õ∫ª≈ßæ√–™π¡å
À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë∑√ßÕÕ°ª√–°“»„™âªØ‘∑‘π
„À¡àª√–¡“≥ Ò ªï. ºâŸ§π∑’Ë„™âªØ‘∑‘π
„À¡à‰¡à‡¢â“„®ªï∑’Ë¡’ Ûˆˆ «—π¥’ ·∑π∑’Ë
®–„Àâ¡’∑ÿ°Ê Ù ªï °≈—∫„Àâ¡’∑ÿ°Ê Û ªï.
ÕÕ°— µ— ´’´“√å (Augustus Caesar) ºâŸ
ª°§√Õß‚√¡µàÕ®“°®Ÿ‡≈’¬ ´’´“√å ‡ÀÁπ
«à“º‘¥æ≈“¥®÷ß·°â‰¢ ·≈–„Àâ ¿“´’‡πµ
≈ß¡µ‘‡ª≈’ˬπ™◊ËÕ Sextillis ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë ˆ
‡¥‘¡‡ªìπ Augustus À√◊Õ August ·≈–
„Àâ‡æ‘Ë¡‡ªìπ ÛÒ «—π, ‚¥¬‰ª¥÷߇Փ Ò
«— π ®“°‡¥◊ Õ π Februarius ∑”„Àâ
Februarius ¡’ Ú¯ «—π „πªï∏√√¡¥“.
‡¡◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‡™àππ’È®÷ß¡’‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë¡’ ÛÒ «—π
‡√’¬ßµ‘¥°—π Û ‡¥◊Õπ ‡æ√“–©–π—πÈ ®÷ß≈¥
September „Àâ‡À≈◊Õ Û «—π ·≈–„Àâ
October ¡’ ÛÒ «—π, November ¡’
Û «—π ·≈– December ¡’ ÛÒ «—π
Õ¬à“ß„πªí®®ÿ∫—π.
°≈à“«‚¥¬ √ÿª™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ„π¿“…“
Õ—ß°ƒ…‰¡à¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°≈àÿ¡¥“«
∫πøÑ“, ·µàµ—Èßµ“¡™◊ËÕ°…—µ√‘¬å Ú ‡¥◊Õπ
§◊Õ July (°√°Æ“§¡) µ“¡™◊ËÕ¢Õß
®Ÿ‡≈’¬ ´’´“√å ·≈– August ( ‘ßÀ“§¡)
µ“¡™◊ËÕ¢ÕßÕÕ°— µ— ´’´“√å, µ—Èßµ“¡
™◊ËÕ¥“«‡§√“–Àå Ò ‡¥◊Õπ §◊Õ March
µ“¡™◊ËÕ Mars (¥“«Õ—ߧ“√), µ—Èßµ“¡
™◊ËÕ‡∑懮ⓠ‡∑æ∏‘¥“ Ù ‡¥◊Õπ §◊Õ
January (¡°√“§¡) µ“¡™◊ËÕ¢Õß Ja-
nus ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡∑æ‡®â“ Ú Àπâ“ ‡∑æ-
‡®â“·Ààߪ√–µŸ·≈–Àπ⓵à“ߢÕß‚√¡—π,
Februarius (°ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å) µ—Èßµ“¡™◊ËÕ
‡∑懮ⓠFebruus ´÷Ë߇°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫
‡ªì π ¬¡‡∑æ¢Õß‚√¡— π ·∫∫‡¥’ ¬ «°— ∫
æ≈Ÿ‚µ‡ªìπ¬¡‡∑æ¢Õß°√’°.
May (情¿“§¡) µ—Èßµ“¡™◊ËÕ
¡“√¥“¢Õß®Ÿ‚π∑’™Ë Õ◊Ë ¡“¬Õ“ À√◊Õ ¡“¬“
(Maia) À√◊ÕÕ“®‡ªìπµ“¡™◊ÕË ¢Õß Maia
Majesta ‡∑æ∏‘¥“·Àà߃¥Ÿ„∫‰¡âº≈‘
¢ÕßÕ‘µ“≈’.
June (¡‘∂πÿ “¬π) µ—ßÈ µ“¡‡∑æ∏‘¥“
®Ÿ‚π (Juno). ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡À¡“¬
‡©æ“–§◊Õ April (‡¡…“¬π) ·ª≈«à“
‡ªî¥, ‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ∑’ËÀ‘¡–≈–≈“¬„π´’°
‚≈°‡Àπ◊Õ ∑”„Àâ·ºàπ¥‘π‡ªî¥ÕÕ°√—∫
· ß·¥¥ µâπ‰¡â‡®√‘≠ßÕ°ß“¡. ‡¥◊Õπ
∑’Ë ‡ À≈◊ Õ ‡ªì π °“√‡√’ ¬ °™◊Ë Õ µ“¡≈”¥— ∫
°àÕπÀ≈—ß.
™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ ÿ√‘¬§µ‘·∫∫‰∑¬
µ—Èßµ“¡µ”·ÀπàߢÕߥ«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å
∫πøÑ“ ‚¥¬Õ“»—¬√“»’´÷Ëß —¡æ—π∏å°—∫
˜¯Ú
°≈à¡ÿ ¥“«ƒ°…凪ìπÀ≈—° ‡ªìπ°“√°”Àπ¥
∑’ˇªìπ‰ªµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ¬à“ß¡’‡Àµÿº≈.
™◊ÕË ‡¥◊Õπ·µà≈–‡¥◊Õπ®–ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬§”
Ú §”. §”·√°‡ªìπ™◊ËÕ°≈àÿ¡¥“«À√◊Õ
√“»’. §”∑’Ë Ú ·ª≈«à“ °“√¡“∂÷ßÀ√◊Õ
¡“·≈â« ‚¥¬„Àâ≈ß∑⓬«à“ §¡ ∂Ⓡ¥◊Õπ
π—Èπ¡’ ÛÒ «—π, ·≈–≈ß∑⓬¥â«¬ ¬π ∂â“
‡¥◊Õππ—Èπ¡’ Û «—π, π—∫«à“‡ªìπ°“√
‡√’ ¬ °™◊Ë Õ ‡¥◊ Õ π∑’Ë © ≈“¥√Õ∫§Õ∫¢Õß
∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…‰∑¬‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß.
¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å‰¡à‰¥â‡§≈◊ÕË π∑’Ë ·µà‡ªìπ
‡æ√“–‚≈°‚§®√√Õ∫¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å‰ª„π
∑‘ » ∑“ß∑’Ë ‚ ≈°À¡ÿ π √Õ∫µ— « ‡Õß §◊ Õ
®“°µ–«—πµ°‰ªµ–«—πÕÕ° ®÷ß∑”„Àâ
§π∫π‚≈° — ß ‡°µ‡ÀÁ 𠥫ßÕ“∑‘ µ ¬å
ª√“°Ø‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë®“°µ–«—πµ°‰ªµ–«—π
ÕÕ°¥â«¬‚¥¬ºà“π°≈àÿ¡¥“«µà“ßÊ ´÷Ëß
‡√’¬°√«¡°—π«à“ °≈à¡ÿ ¥“«®—°√√“»’. ‡ âπ
∑“ß∑’Ë¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬åª√“°Øºà“π‡√’¬°«à“
 ÿ√‘¬«‘∂’ ‚¥¬‡Àµÿ∑’Ë·°π‚≈°‡Õ’¬ß‡ âπ
 ÿ√‘¬«‘∂’®÷ß∑”¡ÿ¡ ÚÛ.Ù Õß»“°—∫‡ âπ
»Ÿπ¬å Ÿµ√∑âÕßøÑ“. ®ÿ¥µ—¥°—π¢Õ߇ âπ
 ÿ√‘¬«‘∂’°—∫‡ âπ»Ÿπ¬å Ÿµ√øÑ“¡’ Ú ®ÿ¥§◊Õ
®ÿ¥∑’¥Ë «ßÕ“∑‘µ¬åª√“°ØÕ¬à„Ÿ π«—π∑’Ë ÚÒ
¡’π“§¡ (Õ‘§«‘πÕ°´å„π‡¥◊Õπ¡’π“§¡)
·≈– ÚÛ °—𬓬π (Õ‘§«‘πÕ°´å„π
‡¥◊Õπ°—𬓬π), ·≈–‚¥¬‡Àµÿ∑’Ë·°π
‚≈° à“¬√Õ∫ª√–¡“≥ Úˆ, ªï, ®ÿ¥
µ—¥∑—Èß Ú ®÷߇≈◊ËÕπ‰ª∑“ß∑‘»µ–«—πµ°
¢Õß®ÿ¥‡¥‘¡ªï≈–ª√–¡“≥ ı øî≈‘∫¥“,
π—Ëπ§◊Õ‡≈◊ËÕπ‰ª Û Õß»“ „π‡«≈“
ª√–¡“≥ Ú, ªï.
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π®ÿ¥Õ‘§«‘πÕ°´å„π‡¥◊Õπ
¡’ 𠓧¡Õ¬àŸ „ π°≈àÿ ¡ ¥“«ª≈“„π√–∫∫
 “°≈. ®ÿ¥π’ȧ◊Õ®ÿ¥µ—Èßµâπ¢Õß√“»’‡¡…
¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷߇ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å¬—ßÕ¬àŸ
°”‡π‘¥™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ

„π°≈àÿ¡¥“«ª≈“∑—ÈßÊ ∑’ˉ¥â‡¢â“ àŸ√“»’
‡¡…·≈â«. ∂â“®ÿ¥µ—Èßµâπ¢Õß√“»’‡¡…
Õ¬àŸ„π°≈àÿ¡¥“«·°–µ√ß√Õ¬µàÕ√–À«à“ß
°≈àÿ ¡ ¥“«ª≈“·≈–°≈àÿ ¡ ¥“«·°–·≈â «
√“»’ ‡ ¡…·≈–°≈àÿ ¡ ¥“«·°–®–µ√ß°— π
æÕ¥’. ª√“°Ø°“√≥åπ’ȉ¥â‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ·≈â«
„πÕ¥’µ‡¡◊ËÕª√–¡“≥ Ú, ªï ∑’Ë
ºà“π¡“ °≈à“«§◊Õ„π§√—Èßπ—Èπ™◊ËÕ√“»’·≈–
™◊ÕË °≈à¡ÿ ¥“«µ√ß°—π∑—ßÈ ÒÚ °≈à¡ÿ π—πË §◊Õ
√“»’ ‡ ¡…µ√ß°— ∫ °≈àÿ ¡ ¥“«·°–, √“»’
情¿µ√ß°—∫°≈àÿ¡¥“««—«, √“»’¡‘∂ÿπ
µ√ß°—∫°≈àÿ¡¥“«§π§àŸ, √“»’°√°Æµ√ß
°—∫°≈àÿ¡¥“«ªŸ, √“»’ ‘ßÀåµ√ß°—∫°≈àÿ¡
¥“« ‘ß‚µ, √“»’°—π¬åµ√ß°—∫°≈àÿ¡¥“«
ºâŸÀ≠‘ß “«, √“»’µÿ≈µ√ß°—∫°≈àÿ¡¥“«
§—π™—Ëß, √“»’惻®‘°µ√ß°—∫°≈àÿ¡¥“«
π‘æπ∏å ∑√“¬‡æ™√
·¡ßªÉÕß, √“»’∏πŸµ√ß°—∫°≈àÿ¡¥“«§π
¬‘ß∏πŸ, √“»’¡°√µ√ß°—∫°≈àÿ¡¥“«¡°√,
√“»’°ÿ¡¿åµ√ß°—∫°≈àÿ¡¥“«§π·∫°À¡âÕ
πÈ”, √“»’¡π’ µ√ß°—∫°≈à¡ÿ ¥“«ª≈“.
‡¡◊ËÕ‡«≈“ºà“π‰ª‡ªìπæ—πÊ ªï ™◊ËÕ
√“»’ ® –Àà “ ßÕÕ°®“°°≈àÿ ¡ ¥“«∑’Ë ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ
§≈âÕß®Õß°—∫√“»’π—ÈπÊ ¡“°¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬®–
°≈—∫¡“µ√ß°—π„πÕ’°ª√–¡“≥ ÚÙ,
ªï ·µà√“»’®–‡ªìπµ—«°”Àπ¥µ”·Àπàß
¢Õß‚≈°„π∑“ß‚§®√, ¥—ßπ—Èπ ™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ
 ÿ√‘¬§µ‘¢Õ߉∑¬®÷ßµ—Èßµ“¡√“»’∑’Ë¥«ß
Õ“∑‘µ¬åºà“π.
„π√— ™  ¡— ¬ æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–
®Õ¡‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬àŸÀ—« ‰∑¬„™â™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ
µ“¡·∫∫¬ÿ‚√ª‚¥¬¬—߉¡à¡’™◊ËÕ‰∑¬. µàÕ
¡“®÷ß„™â™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ ÿ√‘¬§µ‘·∫∫‰∑¬„π
˜¯Û
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
 ¡—¬æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®ÿ≈®Õ¡‡°≈â“
‡®â“Õ¬àŸÀ—« ‡¡◊ËÕ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“∫√¡«ß»å
‡∏Õ°√¡æ√–¬“‡∑««ß»å«‚√ª°“√ ∑√ß
§‘¥§”π«≥‚¥¬„™â√“»’°”Àπ¥™◊ÕË ‡¥◊Õπ
‡™àπ √“»’‡¡…∫Õ°™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π
œ≈œ ·≈â « ∑√ß∑Ÿ ≈ ‡°≈â “ œ ∂«“¬
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“À≈«ß‡æ◊ËÕ∑√ß«‘π‘®©—¬´÷Ëß
∑√߇ÀÁπ™Õ∫¥â«¬. ™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ·∫∫‰∑¬
®÷߇√‘Ë¡„™â¡“µ—Èß·µà æ.». ÚÙÛÚ ‚¥¬
‡Õ“‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ·√°¢Õߪï.
ıÚ ªïµàÕ¡“§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’„π ¡—¬∑’Ë
®Õ¡æ≈ ª. æ‘∫Ÿ≈ ß§√“¡ ‡ªìπ𓬰
√—∞¡πµ√’‰¥â¡’¡µ‘„Àâª√—∫‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë Ò ¢Õß
ªï‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ¡°√“§¡ µ—ßÈ ·µà Ò ¡°√“§¡
æ.». ÚÙ¯Ù ∑”„À⪢ï Õß æ.». ÚÙ¯Û
¢Õ߉∑¬¡’‡æ’¬ß ˘ ‡¥◊Õπ ‡∑à“π—Èπ.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

Abstract Origins of the Names of Months

Nibondh Saibejra
Fellow, the Academy of Science, the Royal Institute, Thailand
There are two types of months used in the Thai calendar, namely lunar and solar months. Thai
lunar months are named in consecutive order having 29 days in an odd-numbered month and 30
days in an even-numbered month. In order to have lunar months occur in good order with the
seasons, an extra lunar month, that is, a second eighth month is added to every 3, 6, 9, 11, 14, 17 and 19
lunar years of this 19-lunar-year cycle or Metonic cycle. Thus, these years are called leap lunar years;
they have 13 lunar months in each such year. Also, an extra day is added to the seventh lunar month
every 6, 12, 17, 22, 28, 33 and 38 years in the 38-lunar-year cycle. Therefore, these are known as leap
lunar years.
For the names of solar months, the Greek and Latin words used are quite different from those
of Thai origin. From ancient Roman times, January was named after Janus, the God of Gates and
Doors, having two faces: one looking back to the past and the other looking to the future. February
was named after the underworld God Februs; March was named after the God of War, Mars; April
was named after the word aprilis meaning “to open”; May was named after the Goddess Maia; June
was for Juno; July was named after Julius Caesar; August was after Augustus Caesar; September,
October, November and December are respectively the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th months based on the Latin
roots for those numbers.
But the Thai solar months are named after signs of the Zodiac, namely January is Makarakom
which means the Sun has been in Capricornus, February is Koompapan (the Sun has been in Aquarius),
March is Meenakom (the Sun has been in Pisces), April is Mesayon (the Sun has been in Aries), May
is Pruespakom (the Sun has been in Taurus), June is Mitunayon (the Sun has been in Gemini), July is
Karakadakom (the Sun has been in Cancer), August is Singhakom (the Sun has been in Leo), Septem-
ber is Kanyayon (the Sun has been in Virgo), October is Tulakom (the Sun has been in Libra), No-
vember is Pruesajikayon (the Sun has been in Scorpius), December is Tanwakom (the Sun has been
in Sagittarius).
Note that the Thai months ending with “kom” have 31 days while those ending with “yon”
have 30 days. The special ending “pan” is for February, which has 29 days in a leap year and 28 days
in an ordinary year.
Key word : name of the month

°”‡π‘¥™◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ
˜¯Ù
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“ : °“√ª√–°—π  ¡À«—ß æ‘∏‘¬“πÿ«—≤πå

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
§ÿ≥¿“æ* √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

·≈–‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫∑—Ë«‚≈°.
∫∑§«“¡π’‡È °’¬Ë «¢âÕß°—∫°“√ªØ‘√ªŸ °“√»÷°…“ ‚¥¬°≈à“«‡©æ“–°“√
ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“. „πµÕπµâ𠉥â𔇠πÕÕ𓧵¿“æ¢Õß
Ú.  — ß §¡‰∑¬¬ÿ § „À¡à ®–‡ªì π
 —ߧ¡‚≈° ·≈– —ߧ¡‰∑¬ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’Ë¡“¢Õߧπ‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à ·≈–µ“¡  —ߧ¡‡¢â¡·¢Áß·≈–¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ,  —ߧ¡
¥â«¬°“√»÷°…“‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à ‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“§π„À⇪ìπ§π‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à. ®“°  ¡“π©— π ∑å · ≈–‡Õ◊È Õ Õ“∑√,  — ß §¡
π—Èπ‰¥â𔇠πÕ‡Àµÿº≈·≈–§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑’˵âÕߪؑ√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“ µ“¡ ‡»√…∞°‘®∞“𧫓¡√⟠µ“¡À≈—°ª√—™≠“
·π«æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘°“√»÷°…“·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÙÚ ´÷ËßµâÕߪؑ√Ÿª ˆ ‡»√…∞°‘ ® æÕ‡æ’ ¬ ß, ·≈–‰∑¬®–¡’
‡√◊ËÕߥ⫬°—π §◊Õ À≈—° Ÿµ√ ·≈–°“√‡√’¬π√âŸ, °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√
»÷°…“, °“√®—¥√–∫∫§√Ÿ §≥“®“√¬å ·≈–∫ÿ§≈“°√∑“ß°“√»÷°…“,  ◊ËÕ
∫∑∫“∑ Ÿß„πª√–™“§¡‚≈°.
·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑“ß°“√»÷°…“, ‚§√ß √â“ß·≈–√–∫∫°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“ Ú.Ò  —ߧ¡‰∑¬®–‡ªìπ —ߧ¡
·≈–∑√—欓°√·≈–°“√≈ß∑ÿπ∑“ß°“√»÷°…“. ®“°π—Èπ‰¥â°≈à“«‡©æ“– ‡¢â ¡ ·¢Á ß ·≈–¡’ §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ °≈à “ «§◊ Õ
À¡«¥ ˆ §◊Õ ¡“µ√∞“π·≈–ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“ ∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„Àâ ‡ªìπ —ߧ¡∑’ˬ÷¥À≈—°§«“¡ ¡¥ÿ≈ ·≈–
∑ÿ° ∂“π»÷°…“µâÕß®—¥√–∫∫ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬„π ·≈–„Àâ ”π—°ß“π æ÷Ëßµπ‡Õ߉¥â ·≈–‡ªìπ —ߧ¡·Ààß°“√
√—∫√Õß¡“µ√∞“π·≈–ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“ ‡ªìπÀπ૬ߓπ√—∫º‘¥
™Õ∫ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° ∂“π»÷°…“∑ÿ°·Ààß¿“¬„π ı ªï. „π∫∑§«“¡
‡√’ ¬ π√⟠¡’ ° “√ª√— ∫ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π√–∫∫
°≈à“«∂÷ß  ¡». „π≈—°…≥– «—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å ‚§√ß √â“ß Àπâ“∑’Ë ·≈–æ—π∏- ‚§√ß √â“ß°“√∫√‘À“√ °“√‡¡◊Õß°“√
°‘® µ≈Õ¥®π𔇠πÕ«‘ —¬∑—»π凰’ˬ«°—∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“ ª°§√Õß °“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“„Àâ¡’°“√
·≈–¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ∫√√≈ÿº≈ ”‡√Á® µ≈Õ¥®π·ºπ¥”‡π‘πß“π¢Õß °√–®“¬Õ”π“®®“° à « π°≈“ß àŸ ∑â Õ ß
 ¡». „πµÕπ∑⓬‰¥âª√–¡«≈ª√–‡¥Áπ∑’ Ë ¡§«√Õ¿‘ª√“¬·≈°‡ª≈’¬Ë π°—π ∂‘Ëπ, ‚¥¬°“√‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâ∑ÿ° à«π
‡æ◊ËÕ·π«∑“ß∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕ߇À¡“– ¡„π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß  ¡»..
¢Õß —ߧ¡ ¡’ «à π√à«¡Õ—π®–‡ªìπ√–∫∫∑’Ë
§” ”§—≠ : ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“, °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ ‡Õ◊ÈÕµàÕ°“√æ—≤π“ —ß§¡‰∑¬∑’ˬ—Ë߬◊π,
¡’°“√º ¡°≈¡°≈◊π√–À«à“߇∑§‚π‚≈¬’
 ¡— ¬ „À¡à °— ∫ ¿Ÿ ¡‘ ªí ≠ ≠“‰∑¬Õ¬à “ ß
Õ𓧵¿“æ¢Õß —ߧ¡‚≈°·≈– ¥â“π«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ·≈–  ¡∫Ÿ√≥å.
 —ߧ¡‰∑¬ °“√ ◊ËÕ “√ ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“°.  —ߧ¡ Ú.Ú  —ߧ¡‰∑¬ ®–‡ªìπ —ߧ¡
Ò.  — ß §¡‚≈°„πÕ𓧵 ®–¡’ ‚≈°®–·§∫≈ß¡’ ° “√≈◊Ë π ‰À≈√–À«à “ ß  ¡“π©—π∑å ·≈–‡Õ◊ÈÕÕ“∑√ °≈à“«§◊Õ
√–∫∫‡»√…∞°‘®∞“𧫓¡√⟷≈–°“√§â“ «—≤π∏√√¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß·∫∫ ‡ªìπ —ߧ¡∑’Ë√—°„§√à  “¡—§§’ ¡’§«“¡
·∫∫‰√âæ√¡·¥π ¡’§«“¡°â“«Àπâ“∑“ß ‡ √’ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ ®–‰¥â√—∫§«“¡π‘¬¡ √à«¡¡◊ՙ૬‡À≈◊Õ‡°◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈°—π.
*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë Ù °√°Æ“§¡ æ.». Ú.Û  — ß §¡‰∑¬ ®–¡’ √ –∫∫
ÚıÙÙ ‡»√…∞°‘® ∞“𧫓¡√ⵟ “¡À≈—°ª√—™≠“

 ¡À«—ß æ‘∏‘¬“πÿ«—≤πå
˜¯ı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
æÕ‡æ’¬ß °≈à“«§◊Õ‡ªìπ —ߧ¡∑’Ë √â“ß
 √√§å§«“¡√⟷≈–„™â§«“¡√⟷≈–π«—µ-
°√√¡‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“, ¡’°“√∫√‘À“√
Õß§å ° √‡ªì π Õß§å ° √·Àà ß °“√‡√’ ¬ π√âŸ
·≈–¥”‡π‘π°“√„π≈—°…≥–‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬,
ª√–™“°√®–¡’ ¿“槫“¡‡ªìπÕ¬àŸ·≈–
§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’¢÷È𠇪ìπºâŸ√—°°“√Õà“π
¡’§«“¡√⟰«â“ߢ«“ß ·≈–¡’©—π∑–„ΩÉ
‡√’¬π√⟵≈Õ¥™’«‘µ.
Ú.Ù ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ®–¡’∫∑-
∫“∑ Ÿß¢÷Èπ„πª√–™“§¡‚≈°, §«“¡
 —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬°—∫ —ߧ¡
‚≈°Õ¬àŸ∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π¡’»—°¥‘Ï»√’·≈–§«“¡
‡∑à“‡∑’¬¡°—π. ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’§«“¡
 “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π·≈–√à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫
ª√–™“§¡‚≈°.
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ∂â“ —ߧ¡‰∑¬‰¡à¡°’ “√
ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ·π«§«“¡§‘¥ ‰¡à¡’°“√
ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª √–∫∫‚§√ß √â “ ß°“√∫√‘ À “√
°“√‡¡◊Õß °“√ª°§√Õß ·≈–√–∫∫°“√
»÷°…“ ‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“§π·≈– —ߧ¡‰∑¬
„À⬗Ë߬◊π·≈â« Õ𓧵¿“¬„π∑“ß≈∫
¢Õß —ߧ¡‰∑¬®–‡ªìπ —ߧ¡∑’ËÕàÕπ·Õ
·¢àߢ—π‰¡à‰¥â §π‰∑¬¡’§ÿ≥¿“æµË” ¡’
°“√‰À≈∫à “ ¢Õß«— ≤ π∏√√¡µà “ ß™“µ‘
∑”„Àâ§π‰∑¬¢“¥§«“¡¿“§¿Ÿ¡‘„®„π
§«“¡‡ªì π §π‰∑¬ ·≈–°“√°√–®“¬
Õ”π“® à∑Ÿ Õâ ß∂‘πË ®–‡ªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“߇™◊ÕË ß™â“
‰¡à∑π— ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å.
§π‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à
§π‰∑¬¬ÿ§ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“ ®–
‡ªìπºâŸ¡’§«“¡√âŸ§àŸ§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ·≈–¡’§«“¡
 ÿ¢ ‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å∑—Èß√à“ß°“¬
®‘µ„®  µ‘ªí≠≠“ §«“¡√⟷≈–§ÿ≥∏√√¡
¡’®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡„π°“√¥”√ß
™’«‘µ,  “¡“√∂Õ¬àŸ√à«¡°—∫ºâŸÕ◊ËπÕ¬à“ß¡’
§«“¡ ÿ¢ ‡ªìπ§π‰∑¬∑’Ë¡Õß°«â“ß §‘¥
‰°≈ „ΩÉ Ÿß ¡àÿß∑”ß“π ·≈–™“≠™’«‘µ,
‡ªìπºâŸ∑’˧‘¥‡ªìπ ∑”‡ªì𠧑¥ √â“ß √√§å
·≈–√—°°“√‡√’¬π√⟵≈Õ¥™’«‘µ, ‡ªìπºâŸ∑’Ë
 “¡“√∂ √â“ߧ«“¡√⟄À¡à ª√–¥‘…∞å
§‘¥§âπ ‘Ëß„À¡à √—°°“√∑”ß“π ·≈–¡’
æ≈«—µ„πµπ‡Õß Ÿß, ·≈–‡ªìπ§π‰∑¬∑’Ë
¡’¡“µ√∞“π “°≈ §◊Õ ‡ªìπºâŸ¡’§«“¡
 “¡“√∂∑“ߥâ“π¿“…“ “°≈ ‡∑§‚π-
‚≈¬’ ◊ËÕÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å, ¡’§«“¡√⟇°’ˬ«
°—∫«—≤π∏√√¡π“π“™“µ‘, ¡’§à“π‘¬¡
 “°≈ ·≈– “¡“√∂∫Ÿ√≥“°“√«‘∂’™’«‘µ
‰∑¬°—∫ —ߧ¡ “°≈‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢.
°“√»÷°…“‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à
‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ¡’ ° “√æ— ≤ π“§π‰∑¬¬ÿ §
„À¡à ‡æ◊ËÕ¡’™’«‘µ∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ„π —ߧ¡
‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à ¿“¬„µâ∫√‘∫∑ —ߧ¡‚≈°
„À¡à, °“√»÷°…“‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à¡’≈—°…≥–
∑’ Ë ”§—≠ ¥—ßπ’È
Ò. °“√»÷°…“‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à ‡ªìπ
°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë¡àÿß √â“ߧπ  √â“ßß“π ·≈–
 √â“ß™“µ‘, ‡ªìπ°“√»÷°…“·∫∫Õߧå√«¡
·≈–∫Ÿ√≥“°“√ ‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°—∫‡»√…∞°‘®
 —ߧ¡ «—≤π∏√√¡ »“ π“ ·≈–°“√
‡¡◊Õß ‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“ª√–‡∑»·∫∫¬—Ë߬◊π.
Ú. °“√»÷°…“‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à µâÕß¡àßÿ
 —Ë ß  ¡∑ÿ π ªí ≠ ≠“‰∑¬·≈–∑ÿ π ªí ≠ ≠“
 “°≈.
Û. °“√»÷°…“‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à µâÕß
‡πâπº≈µàպ⟇√’¬π ∑—Èß„π√–¥—∫π‚¬∫“¬
·≈–√–¥— ∫ °“√‡√’ ¬ π°“√ Õπ, ‚¥¬
°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬°“√»÷°…“∑’˧”π÷ß∂÷ß
ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õߺ⟇√’¬π‡ªì𠔧—≠, ‡ªî¥
‚Õ°“ „À⠺⟠‡ √’ ¬ π‰¥â ‡ √’ ¬ π√⟠µ “¡«‘ ∂’ ∑’Ë
˜¯ˆ
∂π—¥·≈– π„® ‡√’¬πÕ¬à“ß πÿ° ‡≈àπ„Àâ
‰¥â§«“¡√⟠·≈–¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢°—∫°“√‡√’¬π,
§√Ÿ Õπ‚¥¬¬÷¥ºâŸ‡√’¬π‡ªì𠔧—≠ ‡ªî¥
‚Õ°“ „ÀâºâŸ‡√’¬π‰¥â§‘¥«‘‡§√“–Àå §‘¥
 √â“ß √√§å ‡°‘¥§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„πµπ‡Õß
·≈–¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢°—∫°“√∑”ß“π.
Ù. °“√»÷°…“‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à µâÕß
¡àÿ߬°√–¥—∫·√ßß“π „À⇪ìπ·√ßß“π
§ÿ≥¿“æ (knowledge workers) ∑’Ë
‡¢â¡·¢Áß ·≈–·¢àߢ—π‰¥â.
„π¡“µ√“ ¯ ¢Õßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘
°“√»÷°…“·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÙÚ ‰¥â
¬÷ ¥ À≈— °  “¡ª√–°“√„π°“√®— ¥ °“√
»÷°…“ §◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√»÷°…“µ≈Õ¥™’«‘µ
 ”À√—∫ª√–™“™π „À⠗ߧ¡¡’ à«π√à«¡
„π°“√®— ¥ °“√»÷ ° …“·≈–°“√æ— ≤ π“
 “√–·≈–°√–∫«π°“√‡√’¬π√⟄À⇪ìπ
‰ªÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß, Õ’°∑—Èß„π¡“µ√“ ˘
‰¥â °”Àπ¥À≈— ° °“√ ”§— ≠ „π°“√®— ¥
√–∫∫‚§√ß √â“ß·≈–°√–∫«π°“√®—¥
°“√»÷°…“‰«â ˆ ª√–°“√ §◊Õ
(°) ¡’ ‡ Õ°¿“æ¥â “ ππ‚¬∫“¬
·≈–¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘.
(¢) ¡’ ° “√°√–®“¬Õ”π“® àŸ ‡ ¢µ
æ◊È π ∑’Ë ° “√»÷ ° …“  ∂“π»÷ ° …“ ·≈–
Õߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ.
(§) ¡’°“√°”Àπ¥¡“µ√∞“π°“√
»÷°…“ ·≈–®—¥√–∫∫ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ
°“√»÷°…“∑ÿ°√–¥—∫ ·≈–ª√–‡¿∑°“√
»÷°…“.
(ß) ¡’À≈—°°“√ à߇ √‘¡¡“µ√∞“π
«‘™“™’æ§√Ÿ §≥“®“√¬å ·≈–∫ÿ§≈“°√
∑“ß°“√»÷ ° …“ ·≈–°“√æ— ≤ π“§√Ÿ
§≥“®“√¬å ·≈–∫ÿ§≈“°√∑“ß°“√»÷°…“
Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß.
(®) √–¥¡∑√— æ ¬“°√®“°·À≈à ß
ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“ : °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ

µà“ßÊ ¡“„™â„π°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“.
(©) °“√¡’  à « π√à « ¡¢Õß∫ÿ § §≈
§√Õ∫§√—« ™ÿ¡™π Õߧå°√™ÿ¡™π Õߧå°√
ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ‡Õ°™π Õߧå°√
‡Õ°™π Õߧå°√«‘™“™’æ  ∂“∫—π»“ π“
 ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°“√ ·≈– ∂“∫—π —ߧ¡
Õ◊Ëπ.
®–‡ÀÁ π ‰¥â «à “ À≈— ° °“√®— ¥ °“√
»÷ ° …“„πæ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ° “√»÷ ° …“
·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÙÚ  Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫
À≈—°°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“¬ÿ§„À¡à ‡æ◊ËÕ
æ—≤π“§π‰∑¬„À⇪ìπ§π‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à∑’Ë
¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ §ÿ≥∏√√¡ ·≈–§ÿ≥§à“·°à
 —ߧ¡‰∑¬ ·≈– —ߧ¡‚≈° ¡’™’«‘µÕ¬àŸ
√à«¡°—∫ºâŸÕ◊Ëπ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢.
‡Àµÿ º ≈·≈–§«“¡®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß
ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“
°“√»÷°…“„πªí®®ÿ∫π— ‰¡à “¡“√∂
æ—≤π“§π‰∑¬„À⇪ìπ§π‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à‰¥â
∑—Èßπ’ȇæ√“–
Ò. §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ°“√»÷ ° …“µ°µË”
‰¡à∑—π‚≈° ·¢àߢ—π‰¡à‰¥â, °≈à“«§◊Õ
§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π âŸª√–‡∑»
‡æ◊Ë Õ π∫â “ π‰¡à ‰ ¥â (ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬Õ¬àŸ
Õ— π ¥— ∫ ∑’Ë ÛÛ ®“° Ù˜ ª√–‡∑»),
§ÿ≥¿“æºâŸ‡√’¬π‰¡à‡ªìπ∑’ËæÕ„® ¡’ —¡-
ƒ∑∏‘ºÏ ≈µË”„π∑ÿ°«‘™“ ‡™àπ  —ß§¡»÷°…“
(√âÕ¬≈– ıı) ¿“…“‰∑¬ (√âÕ¬≈– Ù˜)
¿“…“Õ— ß °ƒ… (√â Õ ¬≈– ÛÙ) ·≈–
§≥‘µ»“ µ√å·≈–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å (√âÕ¬≈–
Û). ºâŸ ”‡√Á®°“√»÷°…“¡’§ÿ≥¿“æµË”
§‘¥‰¡à‡ªìπ ∑”‰¡à‰¥â ·°âªí≠À“‰¡à‰¥â
‰¡à √— ° °“√‡√’ ¬ π√⟠‡ªì π ·√ßß“π∑’Ë ¡’
§ÿ≥¿“æµË”. °“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ‰¡à‰¥â
‡πâ 𠧫“¡ “¡“√∂ “°≈‡∑à “ ∑’Ë § «√,
 ¡À«—ß æ‘∏‘¬“πÿ«—≤πå
¢“¥°“√Õ∫√¡∫à¡π‘ —¬ ‰¡à‰¥âª≈Ÿ°Ωíß
§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡·≈–¿Ÿ¡ª‘ ≠ í ≠“‰∑¬
Õ¬à“߇撬ßæÕ. ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ√“–§ÿ≥¿“æ
§√Ÿ  à « π„À≠à ‰ ¡à ‰ ¥â ¡ “µ√∞“π ·≈–
À≈—° Ÿµ√ °“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ·≈–°“√
ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ºâŸ‡√’¬π ‡πâπ«‘™“·≈–§√Ÿ
‡ªìπµ—«µ—Èß ‰¡à‰¥â„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠·°àºâŸ
‡√’¬π, °“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ‰¡à‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß
°—∫™’«‘µ®√‘ß ‡πâπ°“√∑àÕß®” ·µà‰¡à
‡πâπ°“√§‘¥«‘‡§√“–Àå  —߇§√“–Àå ·≈–
°“√√‘‡√‘Ë¡ √â“ß √√§å.
Ú. °“√‡¢â“√—∫°“√»÷°…“‰¡à°«â“ß
¢«“ß ‰¡à∑—Ë«∂÷ß ·≈–‰¡à‡ªìπ∏√√¡, ‡°‘¥
§«“¡‡À≈◊ËÕ¡≈È”„π‚Õ°“ ‡¢â“√—∫°“√
»÷°…“ ·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫,
°≈à“«§◊Õ §π‰∑¬¡’°“√»÷°…“‡©≈’¬Ë ‡æ’¬ß
˜.Ò ªï, ·√ßß“πÕ“¬ÿ ÒÛ ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª (Ù¯
≈â“π§π) √âÕ¬≈– ˆ¯ ¡’°“√»÷°…“√–¥—∫
ª√–∂¡»÷°…“À√◊յ˔°«à“, ¡’ª√–™“™π
°≈àÿ¡Õ“¬ÿ ÒÛ-ÚÙ ªï ´÷Ë߇ªìπ§π„π«—¬
‡√’¬π ∂÷ß ˜.Ò ≈â“π§π ∑’ˬ—ßÕ¬àŸπÕ°
√–∫∫°“√»÷°…“. πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’§π
∑’Ëæ≈“¥‚Õ°“ ·≈–¥âÕ¬‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–‡¢â“
√—∫°“√»÷°…“¢—Èπæ◊Èπ∞“π¡’®”π«π¡“°
‡™à𠇥Á°æ‘°“√Õ“¬ÿ ˆ-Ò˜ ªï ¡’∂÷ß
√âÕ¬≈– ¯ æ≈“¥‚Õ°“ ‡¢â“√—∫°“√
»÷°…“.
Û. °“√»÷ ° …“·ª≈°·¬°®“°
 —ߧ¡ »“ π“ ·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡, °≈à“«
§◊Õ °“√»÷°…“∑’Ë®—¥Õ¬àŸ„πªí®®ÿ∫—π‡ªìπ
°“√®—¥·∫∫·¬° à«π ‰¡à Õ¥§≈âÕß
°—∫°“√¥”√ß™’«‘µ„π —ߧ¡, Õ’°∑—Èß°“√
»÷°…“¢“¥°“√∫Ÿ√≥“°“√‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°—∫
¥â“π»“ π“ »‘≈ª ·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡‡¢â“
‰«â„π°√–∫«π°“√‡√’¬π√âŸÕ¬à“߇À¡“–
 ¡, ∑”„ÀâºâŸ ”‡√Á®°“√»÷°…“ÕàÕπ¥âÕ¬
˜¯˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
∑“ߧÿ≥¿“æ ·≈–®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–¢“¥
§«“¡¿Ÿ¡‘„®„π»‘≈ª– ·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“
‰∑¬ ·≈–§«“¡‡ªìπ§π‰∑¬ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
Õ—πµ√“¬Õ¬à“߬‘ßË µàÕ§«“¡¥”√ßÕ¬àŸ ·≈–
§«“¡¡—πË §ß ∂“æ√¢Õß™“µ‘‰∑¬.
Ù. °“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“¢“¥
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈, °≈à“«
§◊Õ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’°“√∫√‘À“√√«¡»Ÿπ¬å
Õ”π“® àŸ à«π°≈“ß, ¡’°“√®—¥Õߧå°√
´È”´âÕπ  “¬∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“¬“«, ‰¡à¡’
‡Õ°¿“æ¥â“ππ‚¬∫“¬ ·≈–¡“µ√∞“π
ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ°“√„™â ∑ √— æ ¬“°√µË” ,
¢“¥°“√‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâ∑ÿ°ΩÉ“¬¡’ à«π
√à«¡, «‘™“™’æ§√Ÿµ°µË” ®÷߉¡à‰¥â§π¥’
§π‡°àß¡“‡ªìπ§√Ÿ,  —ߧ¡¢“¥»√—∑∏“
·≈–§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„π«‘™“™’æ§√Ÿ, ¢“¥
°“√æ—≤π“π‚¬∫“¬Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß, ¢“¥
·§≈π‚§√ß √â“ßæ◊Èπ∞“π¥â“π‡∑§‚π-
‚≈¬’ “√ π‡∑» ‡æ◊ËÕ‡¢â“∂÷ß·À≈à߇√’¬π
√⟠·≈–¢“¥§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°—∫Õߧå°√
ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ·≈–™ÿ¡™π.
°“√»÷°…“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’ªí≠À“ ®÷ß
∑”„À⇰‘¥«‘°ƒµ∑“ߪí≠≠“ ·≈â«æ“„Àâ
‡°‘¥«‘°ƒµ™“µ‘. °“√·°â«‘°ƒµµâÕß∑”
À≈“¬Õ¬à“ß √«¡∑—Èß°“√√—°…“ ¡ÿØ∞“π
¥â«¬¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å∑“ߪí≠≠“ ·≈–°“√
ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª °“√»÷ ° …“‡æ◊Ë Õ §«“¡‡¢â ¡ ·¢Á ß
∑“ߪí≠≠“‚¥¬√Õ∫¥â“π‚¥¬‡√Á«. °“√
ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“®÷߇ªìπ«“√–‡√àߥà«π
¢Õß™“µ‘Ò.
Ò
ª√–‡«» «– ’. ¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å∑“ߪí≠≠“ ·≈–
°“√ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª °“√»÷ ° …“æ— ≤ π“ª√–‡∑»æâ π
«‘°ƒµ.  ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√°“√»÷°…“
·Ààß™“µ‘  ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’ ÚıÙÙ.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

ª√–‡¥Áπ‡√◊ÕË ß ”§—≠∑’µË Õâ ߪؑ√ªŸ ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ√“–√–∫∫°“√»÷°…“∑’˺à“π¡“ »÷°…“ ‡æ◊ËÕ¡àÿ߇πâπ°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√‡√’¬π

æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘°“√»÷°…“·Ààß
™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÙÚ ´÷Ëß¡’º≈„™â∫—ߧ—∫
µ—ßÈ ·µà«π— ∑’Ë Ú  ‘ßÀ“§¡ ÚıÙÚ ‡ªìπ
µâπ¡“ ∂◊Õ‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬·¡à∫∑
∑’ˇªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ∏√√¡πŸ≠°“√»÷°…“¢Õß
ª√–‡∑», °≈à“«§◊Õ °“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“
∑ÿ ° √–¥— ∫ ∑ÿ ° ª√–‡¿∑ ∑ÿ ° √Ÿ ª ·∫∫
µâÕߥ”‡π‘π°“√‚¥¬¬÷¥æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘
°“√»÷ ° …“·Àà ß ™“µ‘ © ∫— ∫ π’È ‡ ªì π À≈— ° .
æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ©‘ ∫—∫π’∂È Õ◊ ‡ªìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬
ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª °“√»÷ ° …“ ‡æ√“–‰¥â °”Àπ¥
ª√–‡¥Á π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß ”§— ≠ §√Õ∫§≈ÿ ¡ °“√
»÷ ° …“ ∑—È ß √–∫∫∑’Ë µâ Õ ßªØ‘ √Ÿ ª ·≈–
°”Àπ¥‡ß◊ËÕπ‡«≈“¥â«¬ ‡™àπ‡√◊ËÕß à«π
„À≠à®–µâÕߪؑ∫µ— ‘ Û ªï §◊Õ ¿“¬„π«—π∑’Ë
Ú  ‘ßÀ“§¡ ÚıÙı, ∫“߇√◊ËÕß°Á„Àâ
‡«≈“¡“°°«à“π—Èπ§◊Õ ‡√◊ËÕß°“√ª√–°—π
§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“®“°¿“¬πÕ° ´÷Ëß
„À⇫≈“‰«â∂÷ß ˆ ªï. „π°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√
»÷°…“µ“¡æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µπ‘ ’È ‰¥â°”Àπ¥
Àπ૬ߓπ√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‰«â¥â«¬ ‰¥â·°à
°√–∑√«ß»÷ ° …“∏‘ ° “√ ∑∫«ß¡À“-
«‘∑¬“≈—¬  ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√°“√
»÷°…“·Ààß™“µ‘ ·≈–Õߧ尓√¡À“™π
‡©æ“–°‘ ® §◊ Õ  ”π— ° ß“πªØ‘ √Ÿ ª °“√
‰¡à‡Õ◊ÈÕÕ”π«¬µàÕ°“√æ—≤π“§ÿ≥¿“æ
°“√»÷°…“ À√◊Õ§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√‡√’¬π√âŸ
¢Õߺ⟇√’¬π‡∑à“∑’˧«√ ∑”„Àâ§ÿ≥¿“æ
¢Õ߉∑¬‰¡à “¡“√∂·¢àߢ—π‰¥â, ·µà
®–∑”‡©æ“–ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√‡√’¬π√⟠°Á®–‰¡à
∫—߇°‘¥º≈‡∑à“∑’˧«√ ®”‡ªìπµâÕߪؑ√Ÿª
‡√◊ËÕßÕ◊ËπÊ ∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°—π°—∫°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª
°“√‡√’¬π√⟠‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√ªØ‘√ŸªÀ≈—°
 Ÿµ√·≈–°“√‡√’¬π√âŸ∑’ˇπâπºâŸ‡√’¬π‡ªìπ
 ”§—≠, °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ ◊ËÕ·≈–
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√»÷°…“ ·≈–ªØ‘√ªŸ §√Ÿ·≈–
∫ÿ§≈“°√∑“ß°“√»÷°…“. πÕ°®“°π’È
‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√‡√’¬π√⟇ªìπ‰ª‰¥â
Õ¬à “ ß ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å · ≈–‰¥â º ≈¬—Ë ß ¬◊ π ®÷ ß
®”‡ªìπµâÕߪؑ√Ÿª∑√—欓°√·≈–°“√
≈ß∑ÿπ∑“ß°“√»÷°…“ ·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª
‚§√ß √â“ß·≈–°“√∫√‘À“√°“√®—¥°“√
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò
ª√–‡¥Áπ‡√◊ËÕß ”§—≠∑’˵âÕߪؑ√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“
À≈—° Ÿµ√
°“√‡√’¬π√âŸ
➤
√âŸ∑’ˇπâπºâŸ‡√’¬π‡ªì𠔧—≠ ‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâºâŸ
 ”‡√Á ® °“√»÷ ° …“‡ªì π §π‰∑¬∑’Ë ¡’
§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ·≈–§ÿ ≥ ∏√√¡‡¢â ¡ ·¢Á ß ·≈–
·¢àߢ—π‰¥â ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò.
„π¢Õ∫‡¢µ¢Õß∫∑§«“¡π’È ®–
°≈à“«‡©æ“–‡√◊ËÕß°“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ
°“√»÷°…“‡∑à“π—πÈ .
°“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“ :
¿“¬„π·≈–¿“¬πÕ°
æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘°“√»÷°…“·Ààß
™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÙÚ À¡«¥ ˆ «à“¥â«¬
¡“µ√∞“π ·≈–°“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ
°“√»÷°…“, ‰¥â°”Àπ¥„Àâ¡’√–∫∫°“√
ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“ ‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“
§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“∑ÿ°
√–¥— ∫ , ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬√–∫∫ª√–°— π
➤
➤
ª√–°—π§ÿ≥
¿“æ
➤

»÷°…“ ‡æ◊ËÕ®—¥∑”°ÆÀ¡“¬ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√
»÷°…“„πÀ¡«¥ ı «à“¥â«¬‚§√ß √â“ß
➤
➤

➤
➤

·≈–√–∫∫°“√»÷°…“, À¡«¥ ˜ «à“¥â«¬ ‚§√ß √â“ß·≈–°“√ ➤

➤
√–∫∫§√Ÿ §≥“®“√¬å ·≈–∫ÿ § ≈“°√ ºâŸ‡√’¬π æ—≤π“§√Ÿ
∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√
∑“ß°“√»÷°…“, ·≈–À¡«¥ ¯ «à“¥â«¬
➤

➤
➤

∑√— æ ¬“°√ ·≈–°“√≈ß∑ÿ π ∑“ß°“√

»÷°…“.
➤
➤

„π‡√◊ËÕß “√∫—≠≠—µ‘∑’Ë ”§—≠ µâÕß ∑√—欓°√·≈–

➤
➤
 ◊ËÕ·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
∂◊Õ«à“ °“√ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√‡√’¬π√⟠„πÀ¡«¥ °“√≈ß∑ÿπ
Ù ‡ªìπÀ—«„®¢Õß°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“.

ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“ : °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ
˜¯¯

§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¿“¬„π ·≈–√–∫∫ª√–°— π
§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ° (¡“µ√“ Ù˜). ∑—ßÈ π’È
∑ÿ°Àπ૬ߓπµâπ —ß°—¥·≈– ∂“π»÷°…“
µâ Õ ß®— ¥ „Àâ ¡’ √ –∫∫ª√–°— π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ
¿“¬„π ∂“π»÷°…“ ·≈–„Àâ∂◊Õ«à“°“√
ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬„π‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷Ëß
¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√∫√‘À“√°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë
µâÕߥ”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‚¥¬¡’
°“√®—¥∑”√“¬ß“πª√–®”ªï ‡ πÕµàÕ
Àπà « ¬ß“πµâ π  — ß °— ¥ Àπà « ¬ß“π∑’Ë
‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß ·≈–‡ªî¥‡º¬µàÕ “∏“√≥™π
‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪 àŸ°“√æ—≤π“§ÿ≥¿“æ ·≈–
¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ√Õß√—∫
°“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ° (¡“µ√“
Ù¯). °“√ª√–°— π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¿“¬„π
À¡“¬§«“¡«à“ °“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈·≈–
°“√µ‘¥µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫§ÿ≥¿“æ ·≈–
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú
√Ÿª·∫∫°“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬„π ∂“π»÷°…“
√à«¡°—π«“ß·ºπ
➤ °“√§«∫§ÿ¡§ÿ≥¿“æ
√à«¡°—πª√—∫ª√ÿß
➤
°“√µ√«® Õ∫·≈–
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ
√à«¡°—πµ√«® Õ∫
·≈–ª√–‡¡‘π
 ¡À«—ß æ‘∏‘¬“πÿ«—≤πå
¡“µ√∞“π¢Õß ∂“π»÷°…“®“°¿“¬„π
‚¥¬∫ÿ§≈“°√¢Õß ∂“π»÷°…“π—Èπ‡Õß
À√◊Õ‚¥¬Àπ૬ߓπµâπ —ß°—¥ ∑’Ë¡’Àπâ“
∑’°Ë ”°—∫¥Ÿ·≈ ∂“π»÷°…“π—πÈ . ∑—ßÈ π’‚È ¥¬
¡ÿàߪ√–‡¡‘π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π °“√
 Õπ∑’ˇπâπºŸâ‡√’¬π‡ªì𠔧—≠ ·≈–°“√
∫√‘À“√°“√»÷°…“ ∑’ˇπâπ°“√∫√‘À“√
«‘™“°“√¡“°°«à“∫√‘À“√∏ÿ√°“√. ·π«
∑“ߪ√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬„π · ¥ß„π
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú.
√–∫∫ª√–°— π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¿“¬„π
 ∂“π»÷°…“ ¡’ Û √–∫∫¬àÕ¬ §◊Õ
Ò. °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√‡√’¬π
√Ÿâ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π µ“¡æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘°“√
»÷°…“·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÙÚ À¡«¥ Ù
¡“µ√“ ÚÚ, ÚÛ, ÚÙ, Úˆ ·≈–¡“µ√“
Ú˜ ‡æ◊ËÕµ√«®«à“ ∂“π»÷°…“¡’°“√
➤
√à«¡°—πªØ‘∫µ— ‘
➤
˜¯˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
ªØ‘√ªŸ °“√‡√’¬π√ŸÀâ √◊Õ¬—ß.
Ú. °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√ Õπ
¢Õߧ√Ÿ §◊Õ §√Ÿ‡ª≈’Ë¬π®“°°“√ Õπ∑’Ë
¬÷¥§√Ÿ‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß ‡ªìπ°“√ Õπ∑’Ë
¬÷¥ºŸâ‡√’¬π‡ªì𠔧—≠À√◊Õ¬—ß.
Û. °“√ª√–°— π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ°“√
∫√‘À“√ §◊Õ ºŸâ∫√‘À“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π®“°°“√
∫√‘À“√∏ÿ√°“√‡ªìπ°“√∫√‘À“√«‘™“°“√,
·≈–∫√‘À“√°“√‡√’¬π°“√ ÕπÀ√◊Õ¬—ß.
„π¡“µ√“ Ù˘ °”Àπ¥„Àâ ¡’
 ”π— ° ß“π√— ∫ √Õß¡“µ√∞“π·≈–
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“ ¡’∞“π–
‡ªìπÕߧ尓√¡À“™π ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ëæ—≤π“
‡°≥±å «‘ ∏’ ° “√ª√–‡¡‘ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ
¿“¬πÕ° ·≈–∑”°“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√
®—¥°“√»÷°…“ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡’°“√µ√«® Õ∫
§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“¢Õß ∂“π»÷°…“,
‚¥¬§”π÷ß∂÷ߧ«“¡¡àÿßÀ¡“¬·≈–À≈—°
°“√·≈–·π«°“√®— ¥ °“√»÷ ° …“„π
·µà ≈ –√–¥— ∫ , ‚¥¬„Àâ ¡’ ° “√ª√–‡¡‘ π
§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß ∂“π»÷°…“∑ÿ°
·Ààß ª√–¡“≥ ı, ·Ààß Õ¬à“ß
πâÕ¬Àπ÷Ëߧ√—Èß„π∑ÿ°À⓪ï π—∫µ—Èß·µà°“√
ª√–‡¡‘ π §√—È ß  ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬ ·≈–‡ πÕº≈
ª√–‡¡‘πµàÕÀπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß ·≈–
 “∏“√≥™π. ∑—Èßπ’È°“√ª√–‡¡‘π√Õ∫
·√°µâÕߪ√–‡¡‘π„Àâ·≈⫇ √Á®¿“¬„π ˆ
ªï (æ.». ÚıÙ¯).
°ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥„Àâ ∂“π»÷°…“
„À⧫“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√®—¥‡µ√’¬¡‡Õ° “√
À≈—°∞“πµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫
 ∂“π»÷ ° …“ µ≈Õ¥®π„Àâ ∫ÿ § ≈“°√
§≥–°√√¡°“√¢Õß ∂“π»÷°…“ √«¡
∑—Èߺ⟪°§√Õß·≈–ºâŸ¡’ à«π‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫
 ∂“π»÷°…“„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡ „π à«π
∑’Ë æ‘ ® “√≥“‡ÀÁ π «à “ ‡°’Ë ¬ «¢â Õ ß°— ∫ °“√
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
ªØ‘∫—µ‘¿“√°‘®¢Õß ∂“π»÷°…“ µ“¡
§”√âÕߢբÕß ”π—°ß“π√—∫√Õß¡“µ√-
∞“π·≈–ª√–‡¡‘ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ°“√»÷ ° …“
À√◊Õ∫ÿ§§≈ À√◊ÕÀπà«¬ß“π¿“¬πÕ°
∑’Ë ”π—°ß“π¥—ß°≈à“«√—∫√Õß ∑’Ë∑”°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ° ¢Õß ∂“π
»÷°…“π—πÈ (¡“µ√“ ı).
¡“µ√°“√ª√–°— π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ°“√
»÷°…“π’È ¡àÿßæ—≤π“§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“
„Àâ àŸ¡“µ√∞“π ‚¥¬°“√°√–µâÿπ‡√àß√—¥
„Àâ ∂“π»÷°…“¥Ÿ·≈√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π°“√
¬°√–¥—∫¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“¢Õßµπ
·≈–µâ Õ ß·°â ‰ ¢ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß °“√®— ¥ °“√
»÷°…“„À⇪ìπ‰ªµ“¡¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–, „Àâ
ª√—∫ª√ÿß®“°ºâªŸ √–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°. ‡æ◊ÕË
„Àâ ‡ ªì 𠉪µ“¡‡®µπ“√¡¬å ¥— ß °≈à “ «
°ÆÀ¡“¬®÷ß°”Àπ¥„Àâ ”π—°ß“π√—∫√Õß
¡“µ√∞“π·≈–ª√–‡¡‘ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ°“√
»÷ ° …“ ( ¡».) ®— ¥ ∑”¢â Õ ‡ πÕ·π–
ª√—∫ª√ÿß·°â‰¢µàÕÀπ૬ߓπµâπ —ß°—¥
‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ ∂“π»÷°…“·°â‰¢¿“¬„π‡«≈“∑’Ë
°”Àπ¥. À“°¡‘‰¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√¥—ß°≈à“«
„Àâ  ¡». √“¬ß“πµàÕ§≥–°√√¡°“√
°“√»÷°…“¢—πÈ æ◊πÈ ∞“π À√◊Õ§≥–°√√¡-
°“√Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“ ‡æ◊ËÕ¥”‡π‘π°“√„Àâ¡’
°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿߧÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª
(¡“µ√“ ıÒ).
°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ° :
 ¡».
Ò. 𑬓¡
§ÿ≥¿“æ ‡ªìπ§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–
∑’æË ß÷ ª√– ß§å. §ÿ≥¿“æ¡’ Ú √–¥—∫ §◊Õ
§ÿ≥¿“梗ÈπµË” À√◊Õ§ÿ≥¿“ææ◊Èπ∞“π
∑’˵âÕ߇ªìπ (must be quality) °—∫
§ÿ≥¿“æ √–¥—∫æ—≤π“ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√
æ—≤π“§ÿ≥¿“æ µàÕ®“°§ÿ≥¿“梗Èπ
µË” §ÿ≥¿“æ√–¥—∫π’È ‡√’¬°«à“§ÿ≥¿“æ
§“¥À«—ß (expected quality).
 ∂“π»÷°…“ À¡“¬∂÷ß  ∂“π
æ—≤𓇥Á°ª∞¡«—¬ ‚√߇√’¬π »Ÿπ¬å°“√
‡√’¬π «‘∑¬“≈—¬  ∂“∫—π ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
Àπ૬ߓπ∑“ß°“√»÷°…“ À√◊ÕÀπ૬
ß“πÕ◊Ë π ¢Õß√— ∞ À√◊ Õ ¢Õ߇հ™π ∑’Ë ¡’
Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë À√◊Õ¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å„π
°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“.
¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“ À¡“¬
§«“¡«à “ ¢â Õ °”À𥇰’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ §ÿ ≥
≈—°…≥–§ÿ≥¿“æ∑’Ëæ÷ߪ√– ß§å ·≈–
¡“µ√∞“π∑’Ë µâ Õ ß°“√„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π „π
 ∂“π»÷°…“∑ÿ°·Ààß ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â‡ªìπÀ≈—°
„π°“√‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß ”À√—∫°“√ à߇ √‘¡
·≈–°”°—∫¥Ÿ·≈ °“√µ√«® Õ∫ °“√
ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ ·≈–°“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ
°“√»÷°…“.
°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°
(µ“¡æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘°“√»÷°…“·Ààß
™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÙÚ) À¡“¬§«“¡«à“
°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“
°“√µ‘¥µ“¡ °“√µ√«® Õ∫§ÿ≥¿“æ
·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷ ° …“¢Õß ∂“π
»÷°…“, ´÷ßË °√–∑”‚¥¬ ”π—°ß“π√—∫√Õß
¡“µ√∞“π·≈–ª√–‡¡‘ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ°“√
»÷°…“ À√◊պ⟪√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° ·≈â«
·µà ° √≥’ , ‡æ◊Ë Õ ¡àÿ ß „Àâ ¡’ ° “√æ— ≤ π“
§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“¢Õß
 ∂“π»÷°…“„Àâ¡’§ÿ≥¿“楒¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ.
ºâŸª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° À¡“¬∂÷ß
∫ÿ§§≈À√◊ÕÀπ૬ߓπ∑’‰Ë ¥â√∫— °“√√—∫√Õß
®“°  ¡».„Àâ∑”°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ
¿“¬πÕ°.
°“√√—∫√Õß¡“µ√∞“π À¡“¬
˜˘
§«“¡«à“ °“√„Àâ°“√√—∫√Õß°“√∑”°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°¢Õߺ⪟ √–‡¡‘π
¿“¬πÕ° ∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æ
∑’Ë æ÷ ß ª√– ß§å µ“¡À≈— ° ‡°≥±å · ≈–
¡“µ√∞“π∑’Ë ”π—°ß“π°”Àπ¥.
 ”π—°ß“π À¡“¬∂÷ß ”π—°ß“π
√—∫√Õß¡“µ√∞“π·≈–ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ
°“√»÷°…“ ( ¡».).
Ú. «—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å Àπâ“∑’Ë·≈–
¿“√°‘®À≈—° ·≈–π‚¬∫“¬¢Õß  ¡».Ú.
 ”π—°ß“π√—∫√Õß¡“µ√∞“π·≈–
ª√–‡¡‘ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ»÷ ° …“ (Õß§å ° “√
¡À“™π) ‡√’¬°‚¥¬¬àÕ«à“  ¡». ‡ªìπ
Õߧ尓√¡À“™π®—¥µ—Èߢ÷Èπµ“¡æ√–√“™
∫—≠≠—µ°‘ “√»÷°…“ æ.». ÚıÙÚ À¡«¥
ˆ ¡“µ√“ Ù˘ ‚¥¬æ√–√“™°ƒ…Æ’°“
®—¥µ—Èß ”π—°ß“π√—∫√Õß¡“µ√∞“π·≈–
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“ (Õߧ尓√
¡À“™π) æ.». ÚıÙÛ ´÷Ëߪ√–°“» „π
√“™°‘®®“πÿ‡∫°…“ ‡≈à¡∑’Ë ÒÒ˜ µ“¡∑’Ë
˘˘ ° ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë Û æƒ»®‘°“¬π ÚıÙÛ
·≈–¡’ º ≈∫— ß §— ∫ „™â µ—È ß ·µà «— π ∑’Ë Ù
惻®‘°“¬π ÚıÙÛ.  ”À√—∫‚§√ß
 √â“ßÕߧå°√ ·≈–°“√®—¥·∫àß à«πß“π
¢Õß ”π—°ß“π · ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Û.
«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å¢Õß ”π—°ß“πœ
‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤𓇰≥±å·≈–«‘∏’°“√ª√–‡¡‘π
§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¿“¬πÕ° ·≈–∑”°“√ª√–
‡¡‘πº≈°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡’°“√
µ√«® Õ∫§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß ∂“π»÷°…“,
‚¥¬§”π÷ ß §«“¡¡àÿ ß À¡“¬ À≈— ° °“√
·≈–·π«°“√®— ¥ °“√»÷ ° …“„π·µà ≈ –
Ú
Õ¡‡√» »‘≈“ÕàÕπ. §”°≈à“«‡ªî¥ª√–™ÿ¡™’·È ®ß
ç·π«ªØ‘∫—µ‘·≈–«‘∏’¥”‡π‘πß“π¢ÕßÀπ૬
ß“π ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°é.
ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“ : °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ

§≥–°√√¡°“√æ—≤π“√–∫∫°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“¢—Èπ
æ◊Èπ∞“π
➤
°≈àÿ¡ß“πª√–‡¡‘π°“√
»÷°…“¢—Èπæ◊Èπ∞“π
➤
ºâªŸ √–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°
√Ÿª∑’Ë Û
‚§√ß √â“ßÕߧå°√·≈–°“√®—¥·∫àß à«πß“π¢Õß ”π—°ß“πœ
√–¥—∫µ“¡∑’Ë°”À𥉫â„π°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“
¥â«¬°“√»÷°…“·Ààß™“µ‘.
Àπâ“∑’Ë·≈–¿“√°‘®À≈—°¢Õß
 ”π—°ß“πœ §◊Õ
Ò. æ—≤π“√–∫∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π
§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¿“¬πÕ° °”Àπ¥°√Õ∫
 ¡À«—ß æ‘∏‘¬“πÿ«—≤πå
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’ §≥–°√√¡°“√µ‘¥µ“¡·≈–
ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π
➤
➤
§≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√
ºâŸµ√«® Õ∫¿“¬„π
➤
➤
§≥–°√√¡°“√æ—≤π“√–∫∫°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“
√–¥—∫Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“
➤
➤
ºâÕŸ ”𫬰“√ ➤
∑’˪√÷°…“
➤
√ÕߺâŸÕ”𫬰“√
➤
°≈àÿ¡ß“πª√–‡¡‘π°“√ °≈àÿ¡ß“π “√ π‡∑»/ °≈àÿ¡ß“π à߇ √‘¡·≈–
»÷°…“√–¥—∫Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“ √–∫∫§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å æ—≤π“°“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ
°“√»÷°…“
§≥–Õπÿ°√√¡°“√/§≥–
∑”ß“πª√–‡¡‘πº≈ß“π °≈àÿ¡ß“πÕ”π«¬°“√
¢Õߺ⟪√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° - ß“π∫√‘À“√∑—Ë«‰ª
- ß“π∫ÿ§§≈
- ß“π°“√‡ß‘π·≈–°ÆÀ¡“¬
- ß“πæ—≤π“ —¡æ—π∏å
·π«∑“ß·≈–«‘∏’°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ  ”À√—∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°.
¿“¬πÕ°∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ·≈– Õ¥ Û. „Àâ ° “√√— ∫ √Õߺ⟠ª √–‡¡‘ π
§≈â Õ ß°— ∫ √–∫∫°“√ª√–°— π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ ¿“¬πÕ°
¢Õß ∂“π»÷ ° …“·≈–Àπà « ¬ß“πµâ π Ù. °”°— ∫ ¥Ÿ · ≈·≈–°”Àπ¥
 —ß°—¥. ¡“µ√∞“π°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¿“¬
Ú. æ—≤π“¡“µ√∞“π·≈–‡°≥±å πÕ°∑’Ë ¥”‡π‘ π °“√‚¥¬ºâŸ ª √–‡¡‘ π
˜˘Ò
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
¿“¬πÕ°, √«¡∑—È ß „Àâ ° “√√— ∫ √Õß
¡“µ√∞“π. ∑—ßÈ π’È „π°√≥’∑®Ë’ ”‡ªìπÀ√◊Õ
‡æ◊Ë Õ ª√–‚¬™πå „ π°“√»÷ ° …“«‘ ®— ¬ ‡æ◊Ë Õ
æ— ≤ π“√–∫∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ
¿“¬πÕ°  ”π—°ß“πÕ“®¥”‡π‘π°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°‡Õß°Á‰¥â.
ı. æ— ≤ π“·≈–Ωñ ° Õ∫√¡ºâŸ
ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° ®—¥∑”À≈—° Ÿµ√°“√
Ωñ ° Õ∫√¡ ·≈– π— ∫  πÿ π „Àâ Õ ß§å ° √
‡Õ°™π Õߧå°√«‘™“™’æÀ√◊Õ«‘™“°“√
‡¢â “ ¡“¡’  à « π√à « ¡„π°“√Ωñ ° Õ∫√¡ºâŸ
ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°Õ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ.
ˆ. ‡ πÕ√“¬ß“π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π
§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷ ° …“
ª√–®”ªï µàÕ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’, √—∞¡πµ√’,
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ «à “ °“√°√–∑√«ß°“√»÷ ° …“
»“ π“ ·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡, ·≈– ”π—°
ß∫ª√–¡“≥ ‡æ◊ÕË ª√–°Õ∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“
„π°“√°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬∑“ß°“√»÷°…“
·≈–°“√®— ¥  √√ß∫ª√–¡“≥‡æ◊Ë Õ °“√
»÷ ° …“√«¡∑—È ß ‡º¬·æ√à √ “¬ß“π¥— ß
°≈à “ «µà Õ Àπà « ¬ß“π∑’Ë ‡ °’Ë ¬ «¢â Õ ß·≈–
 “∏“√≥™π.
„π°“√∫√‘À“√ß“π πÕ°®“°¡’
§≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√·≈â« ¬—߉¥â·µàß
µ—Èߧ≥–°√√¡°“√ÕÕ°‡ªìπ Ú §≥–
‡æ◊ËÕ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë π—∫ πÿπß“π¥â“π«‘™“
°“√ ·°à§≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√∑—Èߥâ“π
æ— ≤ π“ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß √–∫∫·≈–«‘ ∏’ ° “√
ª√–‡¡‘π æ—≤π“¡“µ√∞“π·≈–‡°≥±å
·≈–°”°— ∫ °“√¥”‡π‘ π °“√„Àâ ¡’ ° “√
√— ∫ √Õß¡“µ√∞“π·≈–°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π
§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“ ‚¥¬·∫à߇ªìπ Ú
√–¥—∫ ‰¥â·°à
- § ≥ – ° √ √ ¡ ° “ √ æ— ≤ π “
√–∫∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“
√–¥—∫Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“.
- §≥–°√√¡°“√æ—≤π“√–∫∫
°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“¢—Èπæ◊Èπ
∞“π.
π‚¬∫“¬°“√¥”‡π‘ π ß“π
¢Õß  ¡».
-  ¡». ¡’°“√∫√‘À“√∑’˧≈àÕß
µ—« ¡’Õ‘ √– ‡πâ𧫓¡‡∑’ˬߵ√ß ‡ªìπ
∏√√¡, ¡’§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫∑’˵√«® Õ∫
‰¥â (accountability), ¡’°“√µ√«® Õ∫
·≈–∂à«ß¥ÿ≈ (check and balance)
Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß.
- ¡àÿ߇πâπ§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–ª√–-
 ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ„π°“√∑”ß“π §— ¥ ‡≈◊ Õ °
∫ÿ§≈“°√∑’¡Ë §’ ≥ ÿ ¿“æ ‚¥¬¡’ ≠ — ≠“®â“ß
·≈–¡’°“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√∑”ß“πÕ¬à“ß
 ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ.
-  à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ „Àâ   ∂“π»÷ ° …“¡’
°“√æ— ≤ π“§ÿ ≥ ¿“æÕ¬à “ ߇µÁ ¡ µ“¡
»—°¬¿“æ, ¡àÿß √â“ß«—≤π∏√√¡∑’ˇÀÁπ
§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß°“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ ·≈–°“√„™â
º≈°“√ª√–‡¡‘π.
- ®— ¥ «“ß√–∫∫¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡™◊Ë Õ ¡
‚¬ß°—∫√–∫∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢Õßµâπ —ß°—¥ ·≈–
Àπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß ‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå
„π°“√æ—≤π“§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“¢Õß
 ∂“π»÷°…“ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕª√–¡«≈¿“æ
√«¡¢Õß√–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“¥â“π
µà“ßÊ „π√–¥—∫ª√–‡∑».
- ®ÿ ¥ ¡àÿ ß À¡“¬À≈— ° ¢Õß°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π §ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ° §◊Õ ‡æ◊ËÕ
°àÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√æ—≤π“§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“
‰¡à‰¥â¡àÿ߇πâπ°“√µ—¥ ‘π„Àâ§ÿ≥„Àâ‚∑…
-  ¡». ‰¡à∑”°“√ª√–‡¡‘π‡Õß
¬°‡«â π ‡©æ“–°√≥’ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ æ— ≤ π“√–∫∫
·≈–«‘∏’°“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‚§√ß°“√π”√àÕß,
˜˘Ú
‡πâπ°“√®â“ß∑’¡ºâŸª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°.
- °“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬
πÕ°®–µâÕߥ”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“ß‚ª√àß„ 
¡’À≈—°∞“π (evidence-based) ·≈–
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õߺ⟪√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° §◊Õ
¡’§«“¡√⟠·≈–ª√– ∫°“√≥å„π√–¥—∫
°“√»÷ ° …“§≥–/ “¢“«‘ ™ “∑’Ë µ π‡ªì π
ºâŸ ª √–‡¡‘ π , ¡’ § «“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√
ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ °“√√«∫√«¡À≈—°∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ·≈–°“√√“¬ß“π∑’Ë
‡∑’ˬߵ√ß ‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥â, ¡’®√√¬“∫√√≥
‡ªìπ°≈“ß ·≈–‡ªìπ°—≈¬“≥¡‘µ√.
-  π— ∫  πÿ π Õß§å ° √‡Õ°™π
Õߧå°√«‘™“™’æÀ√◊Õ«‘™“°“√ „Àâ¡’ à«π
√à«¡„π°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡ºâªŸ √–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°
Õ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ µ“¡À≈—° Ÿµ√
°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡∑’Ë  ¡». °”Àπ¥.
-  ¡». §—¥‡≈◊Õ°ºâŸª√–‡¡‘π
µ“¡‡°≥±å§«“¡ “¡“√∂ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√
√—∫√Õß·≈–¢÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬πºâŸª√–‡¡‘π √«¡
∑—Èß¡’°“√µ√«® Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂‡ªìπ
√–¬–Ê ‡æ◊ÕË µàÕÕ“¬ÿ°“√√—∫√Õߺ⪟ √–‡¡‘π
·≈–æ—≤π“«‘™“™’æπ—°ª√–‡¡‘π„À⇪ìπ
Õ“™’æ∑’Ë¡’®√√¬“∫√√≥ ¡’‡°’¬√µ‘ ‡ªìπ
∑’ˬա√—∫·≈–ªÑÕß°—π°“√Õ“»—¬Õ“™’æ
π— ° ª√–‡¡‘ π „π°“√À“º≈ª√–‚¬™πå
‚¥¬¡‘™Õ∫.
- ∑”ß“π„π≈—°…≥– 燧√◊Õ
¢à“¬é °—∫ΩÉ“¬µà“ßÊ Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß
Õ“∑‘ Õߧå°√«‘™“™’æ «‘™“°“√  ¡“§¡
°√√¡°“√‚√߇√’¬π  ¡“§¡°√√¡°“√
 ¿“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ∑’˪√–™ÿ¡Õ∏‘°“√∫¥’
‡ªìπµâπ, ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß®‘µ ”π÷°„𧫓¡
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫µàÕ§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“√à«¡
°— π , ‰¡à ∑”ß“π„π≈— ° …≥–¡’ Õ”π“®
‡Àπ◊ÕΩÉ“¬Õ◊ËπÊ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß
ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“ : °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ

 ∂“π»÷°…“.
°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π ¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß
 ¡». ·µ°µà“ß®“°∑—«Ë ‚≈° Ú ª√–°“√
§◊Õ
Ò.  ∂“π»÷°…“∑ÿ°·Ààß ‚¥¬
°ÆÀ¡“¬µâ Õ ß‰¥â √— ∫ °“√ª√–‡¡‘ π
§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ° „π√Õ∫·√°¿“¬„π ˆ
ªï (æ.». ÚıÙ¯).  à«π√Õ∫µàÕ‰ª
 ∂“π»÷ ° …“µâ Õ ß‰¥â √— ∫ °“√ª√–‡¡‘ π
¿“¬πÕ°Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ Ò §√—Èß „π∑ÿ° ı
ªï. „π¢≥–∑’Ë„πµà“ߪ√–‡∑»‡ªìπ√–∫∫
Õ“ “ ¡—§√. ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ√“–ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
¡’ªí≠À“‡√◊ËÕߧÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“ ®÷ß
µâÕß∫—ߧ—∫„Àâ ∂“π»÷°…“∑ÿ°·ÀàßµâÕß
‰¥â√∫— °“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° ‡æ◊ÕË æ—≤π“
§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“.
Ú.  ∂“π»÷ ° …“„πª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬‰¥â√∫— °“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°‚¥¬‰¡à
‡ ’¬§à“„™â®“à ¬ „π¢≥–∑’„Ë πµà“ߪ√–‡∑»
 ∂“π»÷°…“∑’¢Ë Õ√—∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π®–µâÕß
‡ªìπºâŸ‡ ’¬§à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π.
Û. «‘ ¬— ∑—»π凰’¬Ë «°—∫°“√ª√–-
‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“·≈–¬ÿ∑∏-
»“ µ√å∑∑Ë’ ”„Àâ∫√√≈ÿº≈ ”‡√Á®
«‘  — ¬ ∑— » πå ‡ °’Ë ¬ « °— ∫ ° “ √
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“
°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ°“√
»÷ ° …“‡ªì π °√–∫«π°“√∑’Ë °à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥
 “√ π‡∑»‡™‘ߧÿ≥§à“‡°’¬Ë «°—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ
°“√»÷°…“ ‚¥¬¡àÿß„ÀâºâŸ‡√’¬π‰¥â√—∫°“√
æ— ≤ 𓵓¡»— ° ¬¿“懪ì π ¡πÿ … ¬å ∑’Ë
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥凪ìπ§π‡°àß§π¥’ ¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢
 πÿ°°—∫°“√‡√’¬π√⟵≈Õ¥™’«‘µ. ¿“¬„π
ªï ÚıÙı  ∂“π»÷°…“∑ÿ°·Ààß¡’‚Õ°“  ¢ÕߺâŸπ”ª√–‡∑» ∑’Ë¡’‡®µ®”πߧå„π
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“¥â«¬µπ‡Õß
‚¥¬‡ªì π  à « πÀπ÷Ë ß ¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√
 ¡À«—ß æ‘∏‘¬“πÿ«—≤πå
°“√∫√‘À“√°“√»÷°…“·≈–°“√¥”‡π‘π
ß“πÕ¬à “ ßµà Õ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß ∑—È ß „π¥â “ π°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√‡√’¬π√⢟ Õߺ⇟ √’¬π,
°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√ Õπ¢Õߧ√Ÿ
Õ“®“√¬å ∑’ˇπâπºâŸ‡√’¬π‡ªì𠔧—≠, ·≈–
°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√∫√‘À“√¢ÕߺâŸ
∫√‘À“√ ∂“π»÷°…“. πÕ°®“°π—Èπ¡’
°“√ √â“ß§àŸ¡◊Õ§ÿ≥¿“æ °“√∑”§«“¡
‡¢â“„®·≈–°“√ªØ‘∫µ— µ‘ “¡§à¡Ÿ Õ◊ §ÿ≥¿“æ
·≈–°“√µ√«®µ‘¥µ“¡¿“¬„π´÷Ëß°àÕ„Àâ
‡°‘¥°“√æ—≤π“§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–¡“µ√∞“π
°“√»÷ ° …“.  ∂“π»÷ ° …“ª√–¡“≥
ı, ·Ààß ¡’§«“¡æ√âÕ¡∑’Ë®–√—∫
°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π ¿“¬πÕ°Õ¬à “ ßπâ Õ ¬ Ò
§√—Èß„π∑ÿ° ı ªï.
°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°
¡àÿ ß ª√–‡¡‘ π ‡æ◊Ë Õ æ— ≤ π“§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ°“√
»÷°…“·≈–√—∫√Õß¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“
§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“¢Õß
 ∂“π»÷ ° …“ ®–µâ Õ ß Õ¥§≈â Õ ß°— ∫
§«“¡¡àÿßÀ¡“¬ À≈—°°“√·≈–·π«°“√
®— ¥ °“√»÷ ° …“„π·µà ≈ –√–¥— ∫ µ“¡∑’Ë
°”À𥉫â„πæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ°‘ “√»÷°…“
·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÙÚ. ºâŸª√–‡¡‘π
¿“¬πÕ°∑’Ë æ √â Õ ¡´÷Ë ß §«“¡√⟠§ «“¡
 “¡“√∂ ª√– ∫°“√≥å·≈–‡§√àߧ√—¥
„π®√√¬“∫√√≥¢Õߺ⟪√–‡¡‘π ®–‡ªìπ
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¡◊ Õ ∑’Ë  ”§— ≠ ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ µà Õ §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ
·≈–ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ¢Õß°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π
§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°.
¬ÿ ∑ ∏»“ µ√å ∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ ∫ √√≈ÿ
º≈ ”‡√Á®
Ò) ¬ÿ ∑ ∏»“ µ√å § «“¡¡àÿ ß ¡— π
°“√æ— ≤ π“ — ß §¡‰∑¬ àŸ  — ß §¡§«“¡√âŸ
§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ·≈–‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ«à“
˜˘Û
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‚¥¬°√–∫«π°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ®–
°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ —ߧ¡∑’Ëæ÷ߪ√– ß§å‰¥â.
Ú) ¬ÿ ∑ ∏»“ µ√å ° “√ª√–™“-
 —¡æ—π∏å„Àâ∑ÿ°ΩÉ“¬¬Õ¡√—∫·≈–»√—∑∏“
µàÕ ∂“π»÷°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ.  ∂“π»÷°…“
∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ®–‰¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ·≈–
 “¡“√∂·¢àߢ—π‰¥â.  ∂“π»÷°…“∑’Ë¡’
§ÿ ≥ ¿“æµâ Õ ß¡’ ° “√ª√–‡¡‘ π ·≈–ª√— ∫
ª√ÿߧÿ≥¿“æÕ¬àŸ‡ ¡Õ.
Û) ¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å°“√ √â“ßÕߧå
§«“¡√⟇°’ˬ«°—∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ
°“√»÷°…“  à߇ √‘¡ π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ¡’°“√
«‘®¬— §âπ§«â“√–∫∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ
·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“, °“√°”°—∫
µ‘¥µ“¡°“√ª√–‡¡‘π, °“√æ—≤π“·∫∫
∑¥ Õ∫·≈–·∫∫«—¥¡“µ√∞“π, °“√
æ—≤π“À≈—° Ÿµ√°“√Õ∫√¡ °“√æ—≤π“
√–∫∫ª√–‡¡‘πµπ‡Õß ‡ªìπµâπ.
Ù) ¬ÿ ∑ ∏»“ µ√å ° “√æ— ≤ π“
∫ÿ§≈“°√„π¥â“π°“√«‘®—¬§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√
»÷°…“ °“√æ—≤𓇧√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ¡“µ√∞“π
°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“ ºâµŸ √«®
µ‘¥µ“¡¿“¬„π ºâŸª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°
ºâŸ∫√‘À“√ ∂“π»÷°…“ »÷°…“π‘‡∑»°å
§√Ÿ-Õ“®“√¬å ‡ªìπµâπ.
ı) ¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å°“√ π—∫ πÿπ
 ∂“π»÷ ° …“ „π¥â “ π°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π
§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“·≈–°“√ π—∫ πÿπ
„Àâ ∂“π»÷°…“‡°‘¥°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—≤π“
‡¡◊Ë Õ ª√–‡¡‘ π æ∫®ÿ ¥ Õà Õ πÀ≈— ß ®“°
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ° ‡ªìπµâπ.
ˆ) ¬ÿ ∑ ∏»“ µ√å ° “√∑”ß“π
·∫∫‡§√◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬ ‚¥¬°“√√à « ¡¡◊ Õ °— ∫
 ∂“∫—πÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡™’ˬ«™“≠
¥â “ π°“√«‘ ®— ¬ ·≈–°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π ∑—È ß „π
ª√–‡∑»·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑», µ≈Õ¥®π
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
Õߧå°√‡Õ°™π ‡æ◊ËÕ·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ·≈–
√à«¡¡◊Õ°—πª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“
·≈–√–∫∫°“√‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬.
˜) ¬ÿ ∑ ∏»“ µ√å ° “√√— ∫ √Õß
 ∂“π»÷ ° …“ ®“°º≈°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π
§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°®–𔉪 à°Ÿ “√√—∫√Õß
§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–¡“µ√∞“π¢Õß ∂“π»÷°…“
·≈–„πÕ𓧵πà“®–¡’°“√®—¥°≈àÿ¡ ·≈–
®—¥Õ—π¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ ∂“π»÷°…“.
¯) ¬ÿ ∑ ∏»“ µ√å ° “√ÕÕ°„∫
Õπÿ≠“µª√–°Õ∫«‘™“™’æºâŸª√–‡¡‘π ´÷Ëß
‡ªì π °“√ª√–°— π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æºâŸ ª √–‡¡‘ π
‚¥¬‡©æ“–ºâŸª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° ·≈–
‡ªì π °“√¬Õ¡√— ∫ «à “ «‘ ™ “™’ æ ª√–‡¡‘ π
‡ªìπ«‘™“™’æ™—πÈ  Ÿß.
Ù. °“√®—¥∑”·ºπ¥”‡π‘πß“π
¢Õß  ¡».
æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ°‘ “√»÷°…“·Ààß
™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÙÚ À¡«¥ ˆ ¡“µ√“
Ù¯ °”Àπ¥„Àâ À πà « ¬ß“πµâ π  — ß °— ¥
·≈– ∂“π»÷°…“ ®—¥„Àâ¡’√–∫∫ª√–°—π
§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬„π ·≈–µâÕߥ”‡π‘πß“π
Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß ‚¥¬¡’°“√®—¥∑”√“¬ß“π
ª√–®”ªï‡ πÕµàÕÀπ૬ߓπ∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕß
‡æ◊Ë Õ π”‰ª àŸ ° “√æ— ≤ π“§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ·≈–
¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ√Õß√—∫
°“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°. πÕ°
®“°π’È µ“¡¡“µ√“ Ù˘ °”Àπ¥„Àâ  ¡».
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß ∂“π
»÷°…“∑ÿ°·Ààß Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ Ò §√—Èß „π
∑ÿ° ı ªï ·≈–‡ πÕº≈µàÕÀπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë
‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß.
·π«§‘¥ ·≈–°≈à¡ÿ ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬
®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥¢Õß°“√ª√–°—π
§ÿ≥¿“æ Õ¬à∑Ÿ §’Ë «“¡¡àßÿ ¡—πË ‡æ◊ÕË §ÿ≥¿“æ
·≈–¡’°“√æ—≤π“Õ¬à“߇ªìπ√–∫∫ ·≈–
µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß.
Ò) °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬
„π ∂“π»÷°…“  ∂“π»÷°…“∑ÿ°·Ààß
∑ÿ°√–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“ª√–¡“≥ ı,
·Àà ß ®–‰¥â √— ∫ °“√ à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ „Àâ ¡’ ° “√
ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬„π ∂“π»÷°…“.
Ú) °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬
πÕ° ¡’°≈àÿ¡‡ªÑ“À¡“¬ Ú ª√–‡¿∑
§◊ Õ  ∂“π»÷ ° …“∑ÿ ° √–¥— ∫ ª√–¡“≥
ı, ·Ààß ·≈–ºâŸª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°
´÷Ë߇ªìπ°ÿ≠·® ”§—≠¢Õߧ«“¡ ”‡√Á®
µàÕ§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°.
Û) °“√ª√–‡¡‘ π ¿“¬πÕ°
æ‘®“√≥“®“°§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß°“√®—¥°“√
»÷°…“√–¥—∫ ∂“∫—πÀ√◊Õ ∂“π»÷°…“
‚¥¬√«¡, ‚¥¬æ‘®“√≥“®“°¡“µ√∞“π
·≈–º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õߺ⟠”‡√Á®°“√»÷°…“
¿“«–ºâŸπ”·≈–ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ °“√®—¥
°“√ ∂“∫—π.
Ù)  à ß ‡ √‘ ¡  π— ∫  πÿ π °“√
ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬„π ‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ ∂“∫—π
æ√âÕ¡√—∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°.
ı) °“√ª√–‡¡‘ π ¿“¬πÕ°¡àÿ ß
æ— ≤ π“§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¢Õß ∂“∫— π „Àâ ¡’
¡“µ√∞“π∑’Ë°”Àπ¥
°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π
°“√ª√–°— π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¿“¬„π
‡ªìπÀπâ“∑’Ë‚¥¬µ√ߢÕßÀπ૬ߓπµâπ
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°„π√Õ∫·√° (ÚıÙÙ-ÚıÙ¯)
 ∂“π»÷°…“/ºâŸª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°
√–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“¢—Èπæ◊Èπ∞“π·≈–Õ“™’«»÷°…“
√–¥—∫Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“
˜˘Ù
 — ß °— ¥ ·≈– ∂“π»÷ ° …“. °‘ ® °√√¡
 à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ °“√ª√–°— π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¿“¬„π
‰¥â · °à °“√®— ¥ Ωñ ° Õ∫√¡„Àâ ∫ÿ § ≈“°√
æ—≤π“µπ‡Õß °“√ π—∫ πÿπ‡Õ° “√
 ‘Ëßæ‘¡æå·≈– ◊ËÕµà“ßÊ ·≈–°“√®—¥∑”
‚ª√·°√¡∫√‘ À “√„Àâ   ∂“π»÷ ° …“.
√«¡∑—Èß°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡°“√„™â‚ª√·°√¡
∫√‘À“√·≈– homepage.
°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬
πÕ°‡ªìπÀπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß ”π—°ß“π√—∫√Õß
¡“µ√∞“π·≈–ª√–‡¡‘ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ°“√
»÷°…“ µ“¡æ√–√“™°ƒ…Ø’°“°“√®—¥µ—ßÈ
 ¡». (¡“µ√“ ¯).  ¡». ¡’°“√¥”‡π‘π
ß“π·≈–°‘®°√√¡§◊Õ
Ò) °“√æ—≤π“√–∫∫ª√–‡¡‘π
§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ° ·≈–√–∫∫§—¥‡≈◊Õ°
ºâªŸ √–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°.
Ú) °“√æ—≤π“√–∫∫∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° ·≈–√–∫∫
‡™◊ÕË ¡‚¬ß‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬.
Û) °“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ° ·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡
ºâªŸ √–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°.
Ù) °“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°.
ı) °“√æ‘®“√≥“√“¬ß“π°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°.
ˆ) °“√µ‘ ¥ µ“¡·≈–ª√–‡¡‘ π
º≈°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“πºâŸª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°.
˜) °“√®— ¥ ∑”√“¬ß“π°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“¢—Èπæ◊Èπ∞“π
ÚıÙÙ ÚıÙı ÚıÙˆ ÚıÙ˜ ÚıÙ¯
Ò,ı Û, Òı, Òı, Òı,
Òı Ú Ú Ú
ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“ : °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

√–¥—∫Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“ ·≈–‚¥¬¿“æ√«¡. ·ºπ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ‡¥◊ Õ π°√°Ø“§¡ ÚıÙ¯ · ¥ß„π

¯) °“√ª√–‡¡‘ π Õ¿‘ ¡ “π·≈–
°“√«‘®—¬‡™‘ßπ‚¬∫“¬®“°º≈ª√–‡¡‘π.
˘) ß“π∫√‘À“√¢Õß ”π—°ß“π
√—∫√Õß¡“µ√∞“π·≈–ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ
°“√»÷°…“ (Õߧå°√¡À“™π).
 ”À√— ∫ ‡ªÑ “ À¡“¬ª√–‡¡‘ π
¿“¬πÕ°„π√–¬–·√° · ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë
Ò.
·ºπ°“√¥”‡π‘ π ß“π ªï ß ∫ª√–¡“≥
ÚıÙı ‚¥¬¡’ß∫ª√–¡“≥ Òˆ¯ ≈â“π
∫“∑ · ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú ·≈–·ºπ
°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°„π√Õ∫
·√° ”À√— ∫  ∂“π»÷ ° …“∑ÿ ° ·Àà ß ∑’Ë
®—¥°“√»÷°…“„π√–∫∫ µ“¡∑’Ë°”Àπ¥
‰«â„π æ.√.Æ. ®—¥µ—ßÈ  ”π—°ß“πœ (¡“µ√“
ıˆ) ´÷Ëß®–µâÕߪ√–‡¡‘π„À⇠√Á®¿“¬„π
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û.
ª√–‡¥ÁπÕ¿‘ª√“¬∑’πË “à  π„®
Ò. „π¡“µ√“ Ù˘ °”Àπ¥„Àâ
 ¡». ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß
 ∂“π»÷ ° …“  ∂“π»÷ ° …“„π°√≥’
À¡“¬√«¡∂÷ß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¥â«¬. „π
°√≥’ π’È °“√ª√–‡¡‘ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¢Õß

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú ·ºπ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π ªïß∫ª√–¡“≥ ÚıÙı (Ò µ§. ÙÙ-Û °¬. Ùı)  ”π—°ß“π√—∫√Õß¡“µ√∞“π·≈–ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√

»÷°…“
ß∫ª√–¡“≥
°‘®°√√¡ Ò Ú Û Ù ı ˆ ˜ ¯ ˘ Ò ÒÒ ÒÚ
(≈â“π∫“∑)
√«¡ß∫ª√–¡“≥ Òˆ¯.
Ò. °“√æ—≤π“√–∫∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°·≈–°“√ ➤
➤
Ò.¯
§—¥‡≈◊Õ° (°“√»÷°…“æ◊Èπ∞“π·≈–Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“)
Ú. °“√æ— ≤ π“√–∫∫∞“π¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡æ◊Ë Õ °“√ª√–‡¡‘ π ·≈–°“√ ➤ Ò.
➤
‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬
Û. °“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·≈–ª∞¡π‘‡∑»ºâªŸ √–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° Ò,ı §π ➤
➤ Ù.ı
Ù. °“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° Û,Òı ·Ààß (æ◊Èπ∞“π Û, ➤
➤
˘ˆ.
Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“ Òı)
ı. °“√æ‘®“√≥“√“¬ß“π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° ➤
➤ ˆ.Ùı
ˆ. °“√µ‘¥µ“¡·≈–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π¢Õߺ⟪√–‡¡‘π ➤ Ò.ı
➤
¿“¬πÕ°
˜. §à“®â“ß®—¥∑”√“¬ß“π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“·≈– ➤
➤
Ò.ı
π‚¬∫“¬°“√æ—≤π“§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“
¯. §à“æ‘¡æå§àŸ¡Õ◊ °“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ° ➤
➤ .Ú
˘. §à“æ‘¡æå√“¬ß“π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“ (ı, ➤
➤
.Òı
‡≈à¡)
Ò. °“√ à߇ √‘¡°“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬„π‡æ◊ÕË √—∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π ➤ Òı.˜ı
➤
¿“¬πÕ° (Û,Òı ·Ààß)
ÒÒ. °“√ π—∫ πÿπ ∂“π»÷°…“‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“ àŸ¡“µ√∞“π ➤
➤ Ù.Û
➤
ÒÚ. °“√ª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å ➤ Û.
ÒÛ. ß∫∫√‘À“√ ”π—°ß“π ➤
➤ Òı.ı
ÒÙ. ß∫∫ÿ§≈“°√ (ÛÛ §π) ➤
➤ Òı.

 ¡À«—ß æ‘∏‘¬“πÿ«—≤πå
˜˘ı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û ·ºπ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π ªïß∫ª√–¡√≥ ÚıÙˆ-ÚıÙ¯

Àπ૬‡ªìπ≈â“π∫“∑
°‘®°√√¡ ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬∑’Ë„™âµàÕÀπ૬ ÚıÙˆ ÚıÙ˜ ÚıÙ¯
ß∫ª√–¡“≥√«¡ ˜˜˘.ı˘¯ ˜˜˘.ı˘¯ ˜˜˘.ı˘¯
ß“πª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°
Ò. °“√æ—≤π“√–∫∫ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ° ˆ ‚§√ß°“√ x .Û Ò.¯ Ò.¯ Ò.¯
·≈–√–∫∫°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°ºâŸª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°
√–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“¢—Èπæ◊Èπ∞“π
√–¥—∫Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“
√–¥—∫Õ“™’«»÷°…“
Ú. °“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡ºâªŸ √–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° Û §π x ı, ∫“∑ Òı. Òı. Òı.
Û. °“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° Òı, x ÛÚ, ∫“∑ Ù˘.¯ Ù˘.¯ Ù˘.¯
Ú x ıÙ, ∫“∑
Ù. °“√æ‘®“√≥“√“¬ß“π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° Òı, x Ú, ∫“∑ Û.ˆ Û.ˆ Û.ˆ
Ú x Û, ∫“∑
ı. °“√µ‘¥µ“¡·≈–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π¢Õߺ⟪√–‡¡‘π Ù x ˆ,ˆ ∫“∑ Ú.ˆÙ Ú.ˆÙ Ú.ˆÙ
¿“¬πÕ°
ˆ. °“√®—¥∑”√“¬ß“π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“¢—Èπ Û x Ò. ≈â“π∫“∑ Û. Û. Û.
æ◊Èπ∞“π√–¥—∫Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“ ·≈–„π¿“æ√«¡
˜. §à“æ‘¡æå√“¬ß“π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π (Ú, ‡≈à¡) Ú, x Û ∫“∑ .ˆ .ˆ .ˆ
¯. §à“ à߇ √‘¡°“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬„π ‡æ◊ËÕ√—∫°“√ ÒıÚ x ı, ∫“∑ ˜ˆ. ˜ˆ. ˜ˆ.
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬πÕ°
˘. °“√ π—∫ πÿπ ∂“π»÷°…“ àŸ¡“µ√∞“π ı x Ú, ∫“∑ Ò. Ò. Ò.
Ò. °“√ª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å ı. ı. ı.
ÒÒ. §à“‡™à“ ”π—°ß“π ÒÙ µ“√“߇¡µ√ x Û Û.˜ÙÙ Û.˜ÙÙ Û.˜ÙÙ
∫“∑ x ÒÚ ‡¥◊Õπ
ÒÚ. §à“„™â®“à ¬ ”π—°ß“π ıÒ.ÚÒÙ ıÒ.ÚÒÙ ıÒ.ÚÒÙ

¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬®–À¡“¬§«“¡«à“ ª√–‡¡‘π ¿“¬„π —¡æ—π∏åÕ¬à“ß Ÿß°—∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π ¿“¬πÕ°µâÕ߇ªìπ𑵑∫ÿ§§≈„π√ŸªÀâ“ß

Àπ૬¬àÕ¬„π¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‰¥â ‡™àπ
ª√–‡¡‘π√–¥—∫°≈àÿ¡ “¢“ À√◊Õ  “¢“
ª√–‡¡‘π√–¥—∫À≈—° Ÿµ√, À√◊Õª√–‡¡‘π
‚¥¬¿“æ√«¡¢Õß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑à“π—πÈ .
Ú. Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß  ¡». §◊Õ °“√
ª√–‡¡‘ π ¿“¬πÕ° ·µà ° “√ª√–‡¡‘ π
¿“¬πÕ°. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‡™àππ’È ∂â“  ¡».
®– à߇ √‘¡°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬„π ∂“π
»÷°…“ ®–∂◊Õ«à“  ¡». ¥”‡π‘πß“π
ÕÕ°πÕ°¢Õ∫«— µ ∂ÿ ª √– ß§å À √◊ Õ ‰¡à
‡æ’¬ß„¥.
Û. °“√°”Àπ¥„ÀâÀπ૬ª√–‡¡‘π
Àâÿπ à«π®”°—¥ À√◊Õ∫√‘…—∑®”°—¥ ∑’Ë¡’
«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å ‡©æ“–«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å‡¥’¬«
§◊Õ
ç‡æ◊Ë Õ ª√–‡¡‘ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¿“¬
πÕ° ∂“π»÷°…“ Õ—π®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√
æ— ≤ π“§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ ·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√

ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“ : °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ
˜˘ˆ

»÷°…“¢Õß ∂“π»÷°…“ „Àâ¡’§ÿ≥¿“楒
¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπé.
°“√°”Àπ¥¢Õ∫«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å
‡©æ“–‡™àππ’È ∑”„Àâ∫√‘…—∑À√◊ÕÀπ૬
ß“ππ‘ µ‘ ∫ÿ § §≈ ∑’Ë ¡’ Õ ¬àŸ · ≈â « ´÷Ë ß ¡— ° ¡’
À≈“¬«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å ‰¡à “¡“√∂√—∫ß“π
ª√–‡¡‘π®“°  ¡». ‰¥â ®”‡ªìπµâÕß®¥
∑–‡∫’¬π‡ªìπ𑵑∫ÿ§§≈„À¡à. ·π«∑“ß
‡™àππ’È ¡’§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡À√◊Õ‰¡à ‡æ’¬ß
„¥.
Ù.  ¡». µâÕß¡’À≈—°ª√–°—π„Àâ
∫√‘ …— ∑ ‡Õ°™π∑’Ë ® –∑”Àπâ “ ∑’Ë À πà « ¬
ª√–‡¡‘ π ¿“¬πÕ° Ú ª√–°“√ §◊ Õ
°”Àπ¥§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ·≈–¡“µ√∞“π∑’Ë ® –
ª√–‡¡‘π ·≈–§à“„™â®à“¬„Àâ∫√‘…—∑∑’ˇªìπ
Àπ૬ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°Õ¬à“߇ªìπ∏√√¡.
À“°∫√‘ …— ∑ ∑ÿ ® √‘ µ ‡√’ ¬ °√— ∫ ‡ß‘ π ®“°
 ∂“π»÷ ° …“ ‡æ◊Ë Õ ·°â ‰ ¢º≈ª√–‡¡‘ π
À√◊Õª√–‡¡‘π·∫∫‰¡àµ√«® ¿“æ®√‘ß,
Àπ૬ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° ®–µâÕ߉¥â√—∫
°“√≈ß‚∑… ‚¥¬°“√µ— ¥ ‡µ◊ Õ πÀ√◊ Õ
∂Õπ„∫Õπÿ≠“µ ‰¡à “¡“√∂‡ªìπÀπ૬
ª√–‡¡‘ 𠉥â Õ’ ° µà Õ ‰ª. °“√≈ß‚∑…
¥”‡π‘π§¥’Õ“≠“®–¥”‡π‘π°“√‰¥âÀ√◊Õ
‰¡à ‡æ’¬ß„¥.
ı. „π°“√‡√‘Ë ¡ ª√–‡¡‘ π  ∂“π
»÷ ° …“¢—È π æ◊È π ∞“π„πªï ß ∫ª√–¡“≥
ÚıÙı ®”π«π ı ‚√ß πà“®–¥”‡π‘π
°“√·π«∑“ß„¥.
- „Àâ   ∂“π»÷ ° …“∑’Ë ª √–‡¡‘ π
µπ‡Õß«à “ æ√â Õ ¡ · ¥ß§«“¡®”πß
¢Õ√—∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π. ∂Ⓡ°‘π ı ‚√ß
°Áæ‘®“√≥“‚¥¬„Àâ≈”¥—∫§«“¡ ”§—≠
°—∫‚√߇√’¬π¢π“¥„À≠à ·≈–®—¥°“√
»÷°…“„Àâ¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ°àÕπ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ·∫∫
Õ¬à“ß·°à ∂“π»÷°…“¢π“¥°≈“ß ·≈–
 ¡À«—ß æ‘∏‘¬“πÿ«—≤πå
¢π“¥‡≈Á°µàÕ‰ª.
- „Àâ ∂“π»÷°…“· ¥ß§«“¡
®”πß ‚¥¬„Àâ¡°’ “√ª√–‡¡‘π ∂“π»÷°…“
ı ‚√ß„πªï·√° „Àâ¡∑’ ßÈ—  ∂“π»÷°…“
¢π“¥„À≠à ¢π“¥°≈“ß ·≈–¢π“¥‡≈Á°.
ˆ. ¢â“√“™°“√®–¡’§«“¡‡À¡“–
 ¡„π°“√√—∫‡ªìπºâŸª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°
À√◊Õ‰¡à Õ¬à“߉√. ºâŸ∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“ ®–
 “¡“√∂Õπÿ ≠ “µ„À⠢⠓ √“™°“√„π
∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“‰ª∑”ß“π°—∫∫√‘…∑— ‡Õ°™π
∑’ˇªìπÀπ૬ߓπª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß
 ¡». ‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à.
˜. æ√– À√◊Õ π—°∫«™ ®– “¡“√∂
∑”Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ºâŸ ª √–‡¡‘ π ¿“¬πÕ°‰¥â
À√◊Õ‰¡à æ√–®–¡’ªí≠À“„π°“√√—∫§à“
µÕ∫·∑π®“°∫√‘…—∑‡Õ°™π ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
Àπà « ¬ª√–‡¡‘ π ¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß  ¡».
À√◊Õ‰¡à.
¯. „π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß
 ¡».  ¡». §«√‡πâ π °“√ª√–‡¡‘ π
º≈º≈‘µ ·≈–º≈≈—æ∏å¢Õß ∂“π»÷°…“
‡ªìπÀ≈—° À√◊Õ§«√®–ª√–‡¡‘π∑—ßÈ √–∫∫.
˘.  ¡». µ√–Àπ—°¥’∂÷ߧÿ≥¿“æ
¢Õߺ⟪√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° ∑’Ë¡’µàÕ§«“¡
 ”‡√Á ® „π°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ°“√
»÷ ° …“ ®÷ ß ‰¥â « “ß√–∫∫„Àâ ¡’ § ≥–ºâŸ
ª√–‡¡‘π ‡æ◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘πºâŸª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬
πÕ° ·≈–¡’ ° “√√“¬ß“π®“° ∂“π
»÷°…“‡°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡°“√ª√–‡¡‘π
¢Õߺ⟪√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ° ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ∑ÿ°
ΩÉ“¬‡ªìπºâŸª√–‡¡‘π·≈–ºâŸ∂Ÿ°ª√–‡¡‘π.
∑à“π¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπÕ¬à“߉√°—∫√–∫∫°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π ºâªŸ √–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß  ¡».
Ò. ∑à“𧑥«à“·π«∑“ß„π°“√
¥”‡π‘ π ß“π¢Õß  ¡». ®– “¡“√∂
 √â “ ß«— ≤ π∏√√¡§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ·≈–«— ≤ π-
˜˘˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
∏√√¡°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π ‡æ◊Ë Õ §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ·≈–
¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“¢Õß ∂“π»÷°…“
‰¥â¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß„¥. ‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢§«“¡
 ”‡√Á®¡’Õ–‰√∫â“ß.
ÒÒ. °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ°—∫°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß —¡æ—π∏å°—πÕ¬à“߉√.
‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß
Ò. §≥–°√√¡°“√°“√»÷°…“·Ààß™“µ‘,  ”π—°ß“π.
 ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’. æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘°“√
»÷°…“·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÙÚ. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“-
π§√: æ√‘°À«“π°√“øøî§; ÚıÙÚ.
Ú. §≥–°√√¡°“√°“√»÷°…“·Ààß™“µ‘,  ”π—°ß“π.
 ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’. æ√–√“™°ƒ…Æ’°“®—¥
µ—Èß ”π—°ß“π√—∫√Õß¡“µ√∞“π·≈–ª√–‡¡‘π
§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“ æ.». ÚıÙÛ.
Û. §≥–°√√¡°“√°“√»÷°…“·Ààß™“µ‘,  ”π—°ß“π.
 ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’. ·π«∑“ß°“√ª√–°—π
§ÿ≥¿“æ¿“¬„π ∂“π»÷°…“: ‡æ◊ËÕæ√âÕ¡√—∫
°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¿“¬πÕ°. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√:
æ‘¡æ奒; ÚıÙÙ.
Ù. √àÿß ·°â«·¥ß. ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√»÷°…“: ∑ÿ°
§π∑”‰¥â‰¡à¬“°. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√: «—≤π“
æ“π‘™; ÚıÙÙ.
ı. «‘®“√≥å æ“π‘™ ·≈–§≥–. √“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“
«‘®—¬°“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√
»÷°…“: °√≥’»÷°…“π‘«´’·≈π¥å.  ”π—°ß“π
§≥–°√√¡°“√°“√»÷ ° …“·Àà ß ™“µ‘  ”π— °
𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√: æ‘¡æ奒;
ÚıÙÙ.
ˆ. »÷°…“∏‘°“√, °√–∑√«ß ∑∫«ß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
 ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√°“√»÷°…“·Ààß™“µ‘
·≈– ”π—°ß“πªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“.  “√– ”§—≠
¢Õß°“√ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª °“√»÷ ° …“‰∑¬π”‡ πÕµà Õ
œæ≥œ 𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’ ˜ ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π ÚıÙÙ.
(‡Õ° “√Õ—¥ ”‡π“).
˜.  ¡À«—ß æ‘∏‘¬“πÿ«—≤πå ·≈–§≥–. √“¬ß“π°“√
 —߇§√“–Àå ‡√◊ËÕß«‘ —¬∑—»πå¢Õß°“√»÷°…“‰∑¬
„πÕ𓧵 𔇠πÕ§≥–ºâ»Ÿ °÷ …“ ºâ∑Ÿ √ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘
·≈–§≥–ºâŸ‡™’ˬ«™“≠‚§√ß°“√ ç°“√»÷°…“
‰∑¬„π¬ÿ§‚≈°“¿‘«—µπå:  àŸ§«“¡°â“«Àπâ“·≈–
§«“¡¡—Ë π §ß¢Õß™“µ‘ „ 𻵫√√…Àπâ “ .
ÚıÛ¯. (Õ—¥ ”‡π“‡¬Á∫‡≈à¡).
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

Abstract Educational Reform : Quality Assurance

Somwung Pitiyanuwat
Associate Member, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Royal Institute, Thailand
This article is related to educational reform, especially with regard to quality assurance. It
discusses future trends in the world community and modern Thai society, and the planned new era
in Thai education. It also discussed the reasons for the reform of the Thai educational system under
the 1999 National Education Act. That reform involves six areas: curricula and learning; quality
assurance; the development of systems for teachers and educational personnel; media; technologies
for education; the provisions for the educational system, and resources and investment for educa-
tion. The article places particular focus on educational standards and quality assurance. The reform
calls for educational institutions to manage their own internal assurance and the Office for National
Education Standards and Quality Assessment (ONESQA) to assess the external quality of all educa-
tional institutions at least once every five years. The article also provides coverage of the objectives,
functions, responsibilities and mission of ONESQA as well as the vision, strategies and work plans
for educational assessment. Various other aspacts are also discussed with regard to external quality
assessment carried out by ONESQA.
Key words : educational reform, quality assurance

ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“ : °“√ª√–°—π§ÿ≥¿“æ
˜˘¯
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

ªÉ“™“¬À“¥* ®”≈Õß ‡æÁߧ≈⓬

√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

ªÉ“∫÷ßπÈ”®◊¥‰ª„π∑’Ë ÿ¥.  à«π∫π§—π
æ◊Èπ∑’Ë√Õ¬µàÕ√–À«à“ß∑–‡≈°—∫ªÉ“¥‘∫·≈âßµ“¡™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈ ∑’ËπÈ”
∑–‡≈∑à«¡‰¡à∂÷ß ™“¬À“¥‡ªìπ°√«¥ ∑√“¬ ·≈–‚¢¥À‘𠇪ìπ·π«°«â“ß,
∑√“¬π—È π °Á ¡’ æ √√≥‰¡â æ «°‡ÕÁ π Õâ “
‡™à𠵓¡™“¬‡°“–µà“ßÊ „π∑–‡≈¢Õ߉∑¬ ∑—Èß∫√‘‡«≥„π‡¢µÕà“«‰∑¬ ‚∑߇∑ß º— ° ∫âÿ ß ∑–‡≈ Àπ“¡·∑à ß
·≈–∑“ߥâ“π∑–‡≈Õ—π¥“¡—π, ¥‘π§àÕπ¢â“߇§Á¡‡π◊ÕË ß®“°¡’‰Õ‡§Á¡ (salt µ–¢∫Àπ“¡ ‡µ¬ ·≈–À≠â“™π‘¥µà“ßÊ
spray) ®“°Ωíòß∑–‡≈æ—¥‡¢â“∂÷ß.  ¿“æªÉ“®–º‘¥·º°‰ª®“°ªÉ“æ√ÿ ¢÷Èπ, ®π°√–∑—ËߧàÕ¬Ê ¡’æ√√≥‰¡âµâπ
ªÉ“∫÷ßπÈ”®◊¥ ·≈–ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π À√◊ժɓ‡≈ππÈ”‡§Á¡‚¥¬ ‘Èπ‡™‘ß. §«“¡™ÿà¡ ‚µ™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë∑π‡§Á¡√«¡∑—È߉Շ§Á¡
™◊Èπ·≈–ªÜÿ¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å„π¥‘π¡’πâÕ¬¡“°.  —ߧ¡æ◊™‚¥¬∂◊Õ‡Õ“§«“¡ Ÿß‡ªìπ
‡°≥±å®–·∫à߉¥â‡ªìπ Û √–¥—∫™—Èπ. æ—π∏åÿ‰¡âÀ≈—° ¡’ π∑–‡≈ °√–∑‘ß
∑’Ë ≈ ¡ÀÕ∫¡“®“°∑–‡≈§◊ ∫ ‡¢â “ ¡“„π
À√◊Õ “√¿’∑–‡≈ ·≈–ÀŸ°«“ß ‡ªìπÀ≈—°. ªÉ“ª√–‡¿∑π’‡È √’¬°«à“ ªÉ“™“¬À“¥ ‡¡◊Ë Õ  ¿“ææ◊È π ¥‘ π Õ”π«¬„Àâ µà Õ ‰ª.
π—∫‡ªìπªÉ“ —ߧ¡Àπ÷ËߢÕߪɓ¥‘∫ ¡’ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”Ωπ√–À«à“ß Ò,ı- Õ’°ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëßµ“¡™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈∑’Ë Ÿß
Ù, ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√µàÕªï ·≈–æ◊πÈ ∑’ Ë ߟ ®“°√–¥—∫πÈ”∑–‡≈‰¡à‡°‘π ı ‡¡µ√. ™—π¡“°Ê ‡¡◊ËÕ∂Ÿ°≈¡∂Ÿ°§≈◊Ëππ“πÊ
ª√‘¡“≥æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¢Õߪɓ™π‘¥π’Ȭ—߉¡àÕ“®ª√–‡¡‘π‰¥â ·µà¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“° ‡¢â“°Á®–∑≈“¬≈ß¡“ À‘𠥑π ∑√“¬ ®–
‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫æ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓª√–‡¿∑Õ◊Ëπ„πª√–‡∑».
°ÕßÕ¬Ÿà‡ªìπ∫√‘‡«≥°«â“ß ·≈⫧àÕ¬Ê
§” ”§—≠ : æ√√≥‰¡â, ªÉ“™“¬À“¥ ‡ª≈’Ë¬π ¿“æ‡ªìπªÉ“™“¬À“¥‰¥â‡™àπ
°—π ¥—ß‡™àπ ªÉ“™“¬À“¥ ®—ßÀ«—¥æ—ßß“
™à«ß√–À«à“ßµ–°—Ë«ªÉ“-æ—ßß“ ‡ªìπµâπ,
°“√‡°‘¥ªÉ“™“¬À“¥ ªÉ“™“¬À“¥∑âÕß∑’ËÕ”‡¿Õ ‘‡°“ ®—ßÀ«—¥ ·≈–ª√–°“√ ÿ¥∑⓬Փ®‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«à“
ºâŸ‡¢’¬π¢Õ —ππ‘…∞“π®“° ¿“æ µ√—ß, ∫√‘‡«≥ªÉ“¥â“πÀ≈—ߢÕß «π¥—ß °√«¥ À‘𠥑π ∑√“¬ ®“°¿Ÿ‡¢“ ‰À≈
·«¥≈âÕ¡µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë«à“ ªÉ“ °≈à“«®–¡’æ◊Èπ∑’˵˔·≈⫇ªìπ‡π‘π Ÿß¢÷Èπ ¡“°—∫πÈ”ΩπÀ√◊Õµ“¡°√–· πÈ”À≈“°
™“¬À“¥‡°‘ ¥ ®“°·π« — π ∑√“¬∑’Ë πÈ” ‰ª àŸ¿Ÿ‡¢“.  à«π¥â“πÀπâ“®–§àÕ¬Ê ‡¢â “ ¡“‡ √‘ ¡ À√◊ Õ ¡“µ°µ–°Õπ Ÿ ß ¢÷È π
∑–‡≈æ—¥¢÷Èπ¡“∑—∫∂¡∫𙓬Ωíò߇ªìπ ≈“¥≈ß àŸ∑–‡≈ Õ“®‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«à“·µà‡¥‘¡ µ“¡·π«¢Õ∫™“¬∑–‡≈ ®π‡°‘¥‡ªìπ
‡«≈“¬“«π“π. ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«“à ªÉ“™“¬À“¥ π—Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕπÈ”∑–‡≈´—¥‡Õ“∑√“¬¢÷Èπ¡“ ∫√‘ ‡ «≥°«â “ ß°≈“¬‡ªì π ªÉ “ ™“¬À“¥
∫“ß·Ààß ‡™àπ  «π√ÿ°¢™“µ‘‡æ ®—ßÀ«—¥ °Õß∫πΩíòß¡“°¢÷Èπ®π‡ªìπ§—π√–¥—∫ Ÿß °Á‰¥â.
√–¬Õß,  «π√ÿ°¢™“µ‘À⫬¬“ß ®—ßÀ«—¥ ·≈– – ¡®π‡ªì π ·π«°«â “ ß. ¥â “ π
ª√–®«∫§’√’¢—π∏å (À“¥«π°√),  «π À≈—ߢÕß·π«°Á°≈“¬‡ªìπ·À≈àßπÈ”¢—ß æ√√≥æ◊™ªÉ“™“¬À“¥
√ÿ°¢™“µ‘™–Õ” ®—ßÀ«—¥‡æ™√∫ÿ√’, ·≈– ∫“ß∑’ ° ≈“¬‡ªì π ªÉ “ ∫÷ ß πÈ” °√à Õ ¬À√◊ Õ æ√√≥‰¡â∑’Ë¢÷Èπµ“¡ªÉ“™“¬À“¥¡’
®”π«π§àÕπ¢â“ß®”°—¥ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°§«“¡
*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ú ¡’π“§¡ æ.». ÚıÙı ™àÿ ¡ ™◊È π ·≈–ªÜÿ ¬ Õ‘ π ∑√’ ¬å „ π¥‘ π ¡’ πâ Õ ¬

®”≈Õß ‡æÁߧ≈⓬
˜˘˘
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

ÚÒ
ÒÒ
Ú ˆ ¯ Ò ÚÚ
ı ÒÙ Ò˘ Ú
ı Ù ÒÛ ı
Ò ÒÚ Òı ÒˆÒ˜
Û ˜ Ò¯
˘

 Ù Ò Òı Ú

Ù ¯
ˆ ÚÒ
Òı Òˆ
Ú ı Ú
˜ ÒÙ
˘ ÒÒ Ò˜
Û Ò ÒÛ ÚÚ
Ò ÒÚ Ò¯ Ò˘
 Ù Ò Òı Ú
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò
‚§√ß √â“ßÀπ⓵—¥¢â“ߢÕߪɓ™“¬À“¥
Ò. ‡°¥ ˆ. æ≈—∫¥ß ÒÒ. æÿ¥, ¢àÕ¬¥à“π Òı. æ≈—∫¥ß Ò˘. æÿ¥, ¢àÕ¬¥à“π
Ú. ‡°¥ ˜.  Õß°√–¥ÕßÀ‘π ÒÚ.  Õß°√–¥ÕßÀ‘π Òˆ. ¡–æ≈—∫ Ú. ‡≈Á∫‡À¬’¬Ë «
Û. °ÿà¡ ¯. µ“π¥” ÒÛ.  Õß°√–¥ÕßÀ‘π Ò˜.  Õß°√–¥ÕßÀ‘π ÚÒ. ¡–æ≈—∫
Ù. °ÿà¡ ˘. ‡°¥ ÒÙ.  Õß°√–¥ÕßÀ‘π Ò¯.  Õß°√–¥ÕßÀ‘π ÚÚ. ¡–æ≈—∫
ı. ªÕÀ¡—π Ò. ¡–‡°◊Õ°“

·≈–æ◊™∑’Ë¢÷ÈπÕ¬àŸ‰¥â®–µâÕ߇ªìπæ◊™∑π
‡§Á¡ (halophyte) ‡°◊Õ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥. ‚¥¬
∑—Ë«‰ªÕ“®·¬°µ“¡≈—°…≥–¢Õßæ√√≥
æ◊™‰¥â¥ß— π’È
æ«°‰¡âµπâ ¡’  π∑–‡≈ Casua-
rina equisetifolia J.R. & G.Forst.
°√–∑‘ßÀ√◊Õ “√¿’∑–‡≈ Calo-
phyllum inophyllum L.,  π∑–‡≈  “√¿’∑–‡≈

ªÉ“™“¬À“¥
¯

°äÿ ° Lannea coromandelica
(Houtt.) Merr.,
‡¡“ Syzygium grande
(Wight) Walp. var. grande,
ÀŸ°«“ß Terminalia catappa
L.,
‡°¥ Manilkara hexandra
(Roxb.) Dubard,
æ√√≥‰¡â¥—ß°≈à“«®–‡ªìπ‰¡âÀ≈—°
 à«π∑’¢Ë π÷È °√–®—¥°√–®“¬°—π‰ª°Á¡’ ¡–-
‡°≈◊Õ‡≈◊Õ¥ Terminalia mucronata
Craib & Hutch.,
µ’ππ° Vitex pinnata L.,
¢àÕ¬ Streblus asper Lour.,
¡–§à“≈‘ß Sindora siamensis
Teijsm. & Miq. var. maritima
(Pierre) K. & S.S.Larsen,
°— π ‡°√“ Fagraea fragrans
Roxb.,
®”≈Õß ‡æÁߧ≈⓬
‚æ°√‘ßË Hernandia nymphaei-
folia (C.Presl) Kubitzski,
µ’π‡ªì¥‰¢à Ochrosia oppositi-
folia (Lam.) K.Schum.,
µ’π‡ªì¥∑–‡≈ Cerbera odollam
Gaertn.,
®‘°∑–‡≈ Barringtonia asiatica
(L.) Kurz,
®‘°∑–‡≈
ªÕ∑–‡≈ Hibicus tiliaceus L.,
‚°ß°“ßÀŸ ™â “ ß Guettarda
speciosa L.,
¯Ò
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú
¿“æ«‘«ªÉ“™“¬À“¥
‚°ß°“ßÀŸ™“â ß
¡–°≈Ë” µâ π Adenanthera
pavonina L.
¢πÿπªÉ“ Artocarpus rigidus
Blume subsp. rigidus,
 –‡¥“ªí° Vatica harman-
diana Pierre,
µ–‡§’¬π∑Õß Hopea odorata
Roxb.,
æ–¬Õ¡ Shorea roxburghii G.
Don,
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
™ÿ¡·æ√° Heritiera javanica
(Blume) Kosterm.,
§Õ·≈π Xerospermum
noronhianum (Blume) Blume,
µÕß®‘ß, ¡–ªîπ Pterygota alata
(Roxb.) R.Br.,
°√«¬ Horsfieldia irya
(Gaertn.) Warb.,
¡–¡à«ßªÉ“ Mangifera indica
L.,
°â“π‡À≈◊Õß Nauclea orientalis
(L.) L.,
‰¢à‡πà“ Vitex glabrata R.Br.,
¡Ÿ°‡¢“ Hunteria zeylanica
(Retz.) Gardner ex Thwaites,
π«≈ Garcinia merguensis
Wight,
‡¢“°«“ß Homalium dasyan-
thum (Turcz.) Warb.,
¥”µ–‚° Diospyros wallichii
King & Gamble,
‰À¡â Diospyros sumatrana
Miq.,
≈”∫‘¥∑–‡≈ Diospyros ferrea
(Willd.) Bakh. var. ferrea,
°√–‡∫“°≈— ° Hydnocarpus
ilicifolia King,
æ≈—∫æ≈“ Microcos tomen-
tosa Sm.,
‰∑√¬âÕ¬„∫∑àŸ Ficus retusa L.
var. retusa,
‰∑√À‘π Ficus curtipes Cor-
ner,
°√«¬ªÉ“ Casearia grewiifolia
Vent.,
‰∑√ Ficus annulata Blume,
‰°√ Ficus superba (Miq.)
Miq. var. superba,
‰∑√ Ficus callophylla Blume,
¡–π“«º’ Atalantia mono-
phylla (D.C.) Corrêa,
¡–π“«º’
µ‘È«¢“« Cratoxylum formo-
sum (Jack) Dyer,
°”≈—ß™â“ß “√ Ochna integer-
rima (Lour.) Merr.,
‡À¡◊ Õ ¥®’È ¥ ß Memecylon
plebejum Kurz var. ellipsoideum
Craib,
‚¡°·¥ß Wrightia dubia
(Sims) Spreng.,
 —µ∫√√≥ Alstonia scholaris
(L.) R.Br.,
¡–¡à«ßÀ‘¡æ“πµå (ª≈Ÿ°) Ana-
cardium occidentale L.,
 –‡¥“Õ‘ 𠇥’ ¬ (ª≈Ÿ°) Aza-
dirachta indica A.Juss. var indica,
À—«·¡ß«—π Buchanania reti-
culata Hance,
· ¡ “√ Senna garrettiana
(Craib) Irvin & Barneby,
¢’ȇÀ≈Á°Õ‡¡√‘°“ (ª≈Ÿ°) Senna
floribunda (Cav.) Irvin & Barneby,
√–°”ªÉ“ Cathormion umbel-
latum (Vahl) Kosterm.,
¯Ú
µ’π‡ªì¥∑√“¬ Cerbera man-
ghas L.,
ªÕÀ¡—π Cordia cochinchi-
nensis Pierre,
ªÕÀ¡—π
°“≈–‡¡Á ¥ Cordia clarkei
Brace ex Prain,
À¡—π∑–‡≈ Cordia subcordata
Lam.,
µ“π¥” Diospyros montana
Roxb.,
∑ÿâßøÑ“ Alstonia macrophylla
Wall. ex G.Don,
¥”¥ß∑–‡≈ Diopsyros pubi-
calix Bakh.,
°âÕ¡ Ehretia laevis Roxb.,
∑Õß‚À≈ß Erythrina fusca
Lour.,
µ–∫Ÿπ Xylocarpus granatum
Koenig,
∑ÕßÀ≈“ߪɓ Erythrina su-
bumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.,
µ“µà¡ÿ ∑–‡≈ Excoecaria agal-
locha L.,
§à“߇µâπ Canthium glabrum
Blume,
µ—ßµ“∫Õ¥ Excoecaria oppo-
sitifolia Griff.,
ªÉ“™“¬À“¥

‡≈’¬∫ Ficus superba (Miq.)
Miq. var. japonica Miq.,
ÀßÕπ‰°à ∑ –‡≈ Heritiera
littoralis Dryand.,
‚¡°„À≠à Holarrhena
pubescens Wall. ex G.Don,
æ‘°ÿ≈ªÉ“ Manilkara littoralis
(Kurz) Dubard,
ππ∑√’ Peltophorum ptero-
carpum (DC.) Backer ex K. Heyne,
 ¡Õ∑–‡≈ Shirakiopsis indica
(Willd.) Esser,
‚æ∑–‡≈ Thespesia populnea
(L.) Soland. ex Corr.,
¢’ÈÀπÕπ Zollingeria dong-
naiensis Pierre,
æ≈Õߢ’È § «“¬ Memecylon
caeruleum Jack,
æ≈Õß„∫‡≈Á° (∫“ß) Meme-
cylon pauciflorum Blume,
æ≈Õß„∫„À≠à Memecylon
ovatum Sm.,
®‘°π“ Barringtonia acutan-
gula (L.) Gaertn.,
®‘°∑–‡≈ Barringtonia asiatica
(L.) Kurz,
æ«°‰¡â æàÿ ¡ ‡µ’È ¬ ·≈–‰¡â æàÿ ¡ √Õ
‡≈◊ÈÕ¬
§π∑’ Õ∑–‡≈ Vitex rotundi-
folia L.f.,
¡–°√Ÿ¥º’ Atalantia trimera
(O.Liv.) Burkill,
¢≈àŸ Pluchea indica (L.) Less.
√—°∑–‡≈ Scaevola taccada
(Gaertn.) Roxb.,
®”≈Õß ‡æÁߧ≈⓬
√—°∑–‡≈
‡°Á ¥  â “ π Olea brachiata
(Lour.) Merr.,
¡◊Õæ√–π“√“¬≥å Schefflera
sp.,
‡≈Á∫¡◊Õπ“ß Aegiceras corni-
culatum (L.) Blanco,
°√–™‘ ¥ Blachia siamensis
Gagnep.,
Àπ“¡æ√¡ Carissa spinarum
L.,
À«¥À¡àÕπ Clausena exca-
vata Burm.f.,
 ≈—¥‰¥ªÉ“ Euphorbia anti-
quorum L.,
 ≈—¥‰¥ªÉ“
§π∑“ Harrisonia perforata
(Blanco) Merr.,
‡∑’¬π∑–‡≈ Pemphis acidula
J.R. et G.Forst.,
§√“¡ªÉ“ Tephrosia purpurea
(L.) Pers. subsp. purpurea,
¯Û
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‡∑’¬π∑–‡≈
§√“¡ªÉ“
æÿ∑√“∑–‡≈ Ximenia ameri-
cana L.,
ÀßÕπ‰°à∑–‡≈ Cnestis palala
(Lour.) Merr. subsp. diffusa (Blan-
co) Andr.,
߫ߙ⠓ ß∑–‡≈, ߫ߙ⠓ ßµâ π
Argusia argentea (L.f.) Heine,
·ø∫πÈ” Hymenocardia wal-
lichii Tul
·ø∫πÈ”
æ«°‰¡â≈â¡≈ÿ°
§√Õ∫®—°√«“≈ Abutilon hir-
tum (Lam.) Sweet,
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

À≠â“æ—πߟ Achyranthes aspera º—°§√“¥∑–‡≈ Wedelia biflo-

L., ra (L.) DC.,
º—°‡∫’ȬÀ‘π Boerhavia diffusa ∑â“«¬“¬¡àÕ¡ Tacca leonto-
L., petaloides (L.) Kuntze
æ≈—∫æ≈÷ß Crinum asiaticum
L., æ«°‰¡â‡∂“
‚ ¥à ‰ ¡à √⟠≈â ¡ Elephantopus º— ° ∫âÿ ß ∑–‡≈ Ipomoea pes- ¥Õߥ÷ß
scaber L., caprae (L.) R.Br.,
¥Õߥ÷ß Gloriosa superba L.,
µÕßÕ“π Phytocrene brac-
teata Wall.,
≈‘Èπ·√¥ Tetracera scandens
(L.) Merr.,
‡¡◊ËÕ¬ Gnetum sp.,
º—°∫ÿßâ ∑–‡≈ ‡∂“ª≈Õß Strychnos minor
‚¥à‰¡à√≈⟠¡â Dennst.,
‡∂“º— ° ‡≈’È ¬ ß Secamone
πÈ”π¡√“™ ’Àå Euphorbia atoto micrantha King & Gamble,
(G.Forst.), ≈”‡æÁß Stenochlaena palustris
„∫µà“ߥհ (ª≈Ÿ°) Euphorbia (Burm.f.) Bedd.,
cyathophora Murr., ™‘ߙⓙ“≈’ Tinospora baenzi-
À≠⓬“ß Euphorbia hetero- geri Forman,
phylla L., §—π∑√ß §— π ∏ÿ ≈’ Tylophora indica
¥Õߥ÷ß Gloriosa superba L., (Burm.f.) Merr.,
∫“π‰¡à√⟂√¬ªÉ“ Gomphrena §—π∑√ß Colubrina asiatica L. ®¡Ÿ ° ª≈“À≈¥ Tylophora
celosioides Mart., ex Brongn., tenuis Blume,
º—°‡∫’¬È ∑–‡≈ Sesuvium portu- ¢“‡ªï ¬ Premna collinsiae µ“πÀ¡àÕπ Vernonia elliptica
lacastrum (L.) L., Craib, DC.,
´”¡–ß“ Clerodendrum iner- Àπ“¡¢’È·√¥ Acacia pennata
me (L.) Gaertn., (L.) Willd. subsp. pennata,
°√–¥Õ‡¬Áπ Salacia noron- ™–‡Õ¡ªÉ “ Albizia myrio-
hioides Pierre, phylla Benth.,
µ“°«“ß Salacia verrucosa Õ∫‡™¬‡∂“ Atherolepis pierrei
Wight, Costa var. glabra Kerr,
¬à“π‡≈◊Õ¥ Grewia laevigata Àπ“¡æÿß¥Õ Azima sarmen-
º—°‡∫’¬È ∑–‡≈ Vahl, tosa (Blume) Benth.,

ªÉ“™“¬À“¥
¯Ù

 «“¥ Caesalpinia bonduc
(L.) Roxb.,
‡∑æ’ Caesalpinia crista L.,
‡«’ ¬ ¥ Caesalpinia major
(Medik.) Dandy & Exell,
µ‘Ëßµ—Ëß Getonia floribunda
(Roxb.) Lam.,
∂—«Ë §≈â“ Canavalia rosea (Sw.)
DC.,
∂—«Ë §≈â“
 —ß«“≈æ√–Õ‘π∑√å
 — ß «“≈æ√–Õ‘ π ∑√å Cassytha
filiformis L.,
¬“π“‡≈– Derris malaccensis
(Benth.) Prain,
‡∂“«— ≈ ¬å ‡ ª√’ ¬ ß Derris
scandens (Roxb.) Benth.,
∂Õ∫·∂∫πÈ” Derris trifoliata
Lour.,
À«“¬≈‘ß Flagellaria indica L.,
º—°∫âÿßÀ“¥ Ipomoea imperati
(Vahl) Griseb.,
®”≈Õß ‡æÁߧ≈⓬
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
À«“¬ Calamus spp.,
À«“¬‡¥“ Korthalsia sp.,
µ“≈ (ª≈Ÿ°) Borassus flabal-
lifera L.,
À«“¬ Daemonorops spp.,
‡µ¬ Pandanus kaidus Kurz,
º—°∫ÿâßÀ“¥ ª√ß∑–‡≈ Cycas rumphii
Miq.,
¡–√–¢’πÈ ° Momordica exten-
sum (Wight) K.Schum,
™–‡Õ¡ Myriopteron exten-
sum (Wight) K.Schum.,
æ≠“‰√â„∫ Sarcostemma aci-
dum Voigt,
‡∂“«— ≈ ¬å ¥â « π Sarcostemma
brunonianum Wight & Arn., ª√ß∑–‡≈
¢’ȇ¥◊Õπ Secamone elliptica
R.Br., ‡°’άߪɓ Pandanus furcatus
°”®“¬ Caesalpinia digyna Roxb.,
Rottler, ‡µ¬∑–‡≈ Pandanus odoratis-
¡—π§—π¢“« Dioscorea penta- simus L.f.,
phylla L.,
°”≈—ߧ«“¬∂÷° Smilax per-
foliata Lour.,
‡¢’¬È «ßŸ Jasminum decussatum
Wall. ex G.Don,
æ«°À¡“° À«“¬ ‡µ¬ ·≈–ª√ß
‡µ¬∑–‡≈
‡µà “ √â “ ßÀπŸ Caryota mitis
Lour.,
√äÕ° Livistona saribus (Lour.) æ«°À≠â“·≈–°°
Merr. ex Chev. À≠⓬ÿß Capillipedium parvi-
¡–æ√â“« (ª≈Ÿ°) Cocos nuci- florum (R.Br.) Stapf,
fera L. var. nucifera, À≠â “ «ä “ ¥ Cyrococcum
¡–·æ√â« (ª≈Ÿ°) Cocos nuci- accrescens (Trin.) Stapf,
fera L. var. spicata K.C.Jacob, À≠â“ÀπÕπª≈Õ° Ischaemum
¯ı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
muticum L., ‡Õ◊ÈÕߢ’ÈÀ¡“ Eria bractescens
À≠â “ ≈Õ¬≈¡, À≠â “ À— « ‚µ Lindl.,
Spinifex littoreus Merr., π¡æ‘ ®‘ µ √ Hoya parasitica
À≠⓵’π°“ Eleusine indica (Roxb.) Wall. ex Traill,
(L.) Gaertn., π¡µ”‡√’¬ Hoya ovalifolia
À≠â “ ‡π‡ªï ¬ Pennisetum Wight & Arn.,
purpureum Schumach °√–·µ‰µà‰¡â Drynaria quer-
cifolia (L.) Sm.,
º—°ªï°‰°à Pyrrosia adnascens
(G.Forst.) Ching,
Hoya australis,
π¡‡¡’ ¬ Hoya micrantha
Hook.f.,
 — ß «“≈¬å æ √–Õ‘ π ∑√å Hoya
À≠â“≈Õ¬≈¡
obcordata Hook.f.,
Hoya oblongifolia,
µ”‡≈’ ¬ ∑–‡≈ Hoya fusca
Wall.,
°“Ω“°¡–¡à«ß Dendrophthoe
pentandra (L.) Miq.,
À≠⓵’π°“ §ÿ ≥ §à “ ·≈–»— ° ¬¿“æ¢Õᦐ “
™“¬À“¥
ªÉ“™“¬À“¥°Á‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫ªÉ“™π‘¥
Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’ËÕ”π«¬ª√–‚¬™πå„Àâ°—∫¡πÿ…¬å
·≈– ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡ ‡æ◊Ë Õ √— ° …“ ¡¥ÿ ≈
∏√√¡™“µ‘„ÀâÕ¬àŸ„π∞“π–∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å·≈–
 —µ«å®–æ÷Ëßæ‘ßÕ“»—¬‰¥âπ“π“ª√–°“√
∑—Èß∑“ßµ√ß·≈–∑“ßÕâÕ¡ ¥—ßπ’È
À≠Ⓡπ‡ªï¬
ª√–‚¬™πå∑“ßÕâÕ¡
„™â‡ªìπ·À≈àßæ—°ºàÕπÀ¬àÕπ„®
æ«°æ◊™Õ“»—¬·≈–æ◊™‡∫’¬π ªÉ“™“¬À“¥¡’ ¿“悧√ß √â“ߧàÕπ¢â“ß
µ“π‡ ’È ¬ π‰¡â Dendrobium ‚ª√àß, æ◊Èπ‰¡à·©–, ¡’‡π‘π∑√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥
indivisum (Blume) Miq. var. indi-  ’¢“«  ≈—∫°—∫À¡ŸàÀ‘ππâÕ¬„À≠à‡ªìπ
visum, ·π«¬“«‡À¬’ ¬ ¥‰ª°— ∫ ∑–‡≈ ’ § √“¡
¯ˆ
¬àÕ¡‡ªìπ∑’˵◊Ë𵓵◊Ëπ„®·°àºâŸ‰¥â‡¢â“‰ª
 —¡º— , ¡’Õ“°“»·≈–≈¡∑–‡≈∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï,
¡’ ¡ÿ ¡ π—Ë ß ª≈à Õ ¬Õ“√¡≥å À √◊ Õ ≈߇≈à π πÈ”
‚µâ§≈◊Ëπ ·≈–§àÕπ¢â“ߪ≈Õ¥¿—¬®“°
 —µ«å√⓬π“π“™π‘¥. ©–π—Èπ ®÷߇ªìπ∑’Ë
™◊Ëπ™Õ∫¢Õߧπ∑ÿ°‡æ»∑ÿ°«—¬, °àÕ„Àâ
‡°‘¥ ∂“π∑’Ë∫√‘°“√ ™ÿ¡™π∑’Ëæ—°Õ“»—¬
 ∂“π√â“π§â“µà“ßÊ µ‘¥µ“¡¡“¡“°¡“¬,
‡ªì π °“√ √â “ ß·√ßß“π·≈–√“¬‰¥â „ Àâ
°—∫ª√–™“™π ∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’.
‡ªì π °”·æßªÑ Õ ß°— π 擬ÿ · ≈–
§≈◊Ëπ∑’Ë´—¥¡“®“°∑âÕß∑–‡≈¢÷Èπ àŸΩíòß
∑âÕß∑–‡≈„π∫“ߧ√—Èß¡—°¡’§≈◊Ëπ≈¡®—¥∑’Ë
®–æ— ¥ ¢÷È π ¡“∑”§«“¡‡ ’ ¬ À“¬„Àâ · °à
æ◊™º≈∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ ∑’ÕË ¬àÕŸ “»—¬ µ≈Õ¥
®π∂ππÀπ∑“ß∑’ËÕ¬àŸ„°≈♓¬Ωíòß. ·µà
ªÉ“™“¬À“¥®–™à«¬ª–∑–∑”„À⧫“¡
·√ߢÕß擬ÿÀ√◊Õ§≈◊Ëππ—Èπ≈¥°”≈—ß≈ß
À√◊Õ‡∫’ˬ߇∫π„À⇪≈’ˬπ∑‘»∑“߉ª‰¥â
‰¡à¡“°°ÁπÕâ ¬. πÕ°®“°π’È ªÉ“™“¬À“¥
¬—ߙ૬≈¥§«“¡√âÕπ ‡æ√“–À“°· ß
Õ“∑‘µ¬å°√–∑∫°—∫æ◊Èπ∑√“¬‚¥¬µ√ß
·≈â« ®– –∑âÕ𧫓¡√âÕπ¢÷Èπ¡“¡“°.
·µàªÉ“ (µâπ‰¡â) ™à«¬‡ªìπµ—«°√Õß· ß
·≈–§«“¡√â Õ π‰¥â ¡ “° ®π‰¡à ‡ ªì π
Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕ™’«‘µ§π·≈– —µ«å.
‡ªìπ·À≈àß – ¡πÈ”®◊¥∑’ Ë ”§—≠
µ“¡™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈¡’ªí≠À“ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß
§◊Õ ¢“¥πÈ”®◊¥∑’®Ë –„™â∫√‘‚¿§·≈–Õÿª‚¿§
‡æ√“–¡’πÈ”‡§Á¡À√◊ÕπÈ”°√àÕ¬‡ªìπ à«π
„À≠à ·¡â«à“º‘«Àπâ“¢Õߪɓ™“¬À“¥®–
‰¡à¡’·À≈àßπÈ”¢—ß ·µà≈÷°≈߉ª„µâº‘«¥‘π
¡—°‡ªìπ·ÕàßÀ‘π¥‘π¥“π. ∫√‘‡«≥§àÕπ
‰ª∑“ß·π«‡¢µªÉ“™“¬À“¥ ¥â“πÀ≈—ß
¡—°‡ªìπªÉ“∫÷ßπÈ”®◊¥À√◊Õæ√ÿ‡ ¡Á¥∑’ËπÈ”
¡—°∑à«¡¢—ß„πƒ¥ŸΩπ. πÈ”π’È®–´÷¡≈ß„µâ
ªÉ“™“¬À“¥

º‘«¥‘π·≈–欓¬“¡≈ß àŸ∑–‡≈∑’Ë¡’√–¥—∫
µË”°«à“ ·≈–ºà“π°“√°√ÕßÀ≈“¬™—Èπ
®π®◊¥ π‘∑·≈– –Õ“¥ ∂â“¢ÿ¥‡ªìπ∫àÕ
≈߉ª‰¡à≈÷°π—°„πªÉ“™“¬À“¥∫“ß®ÿ¥°Á
®–æ∫πÈ”π—Èπ·≈â«. ∑—Èß™“«ª√–¡ß·≈–
ª√–™“™π„°≈⇧’¬ß‰¥âÕ“»—¬πÈ”®◊¥„™â
∫√‘‚¿§‰¥âÕ¬à“ßæՇ撬ß.
‡ªì π ∑’Ë æ— ° Õ“»— ¬ ¢Õß — µ «å ªÉ “
 —µ«åªÉ“‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß∫√√¥“π°
™π‘ ¥ µà “ ßÊ ‰¥â Õ “»— ¬ æ— ° æ‘ ß ·≈–À“
Õ“À“√®“°≈Ÿ ° ‰¡â π “π“™π‘ ¥ ∑’Ë ∑ ¬Õ¬
ÕÕ°º≈Õ¬àŸ·∑∫µ≈Õ¥ªï ‡™àπ æ«°‰∑√
æ«°À«â “ . ∂â “ À“°®–‰¥â ™à « ¬°— π
ªÑÕß°—π‰¡à„Àâ¡’°“√∑”Õ—πµ√“¬·°à —µ«å
‡À≈à“π’ȉ¥â °Á®–∑”„Àâ∫√‘‡«≥ªÉ“π—Èπ
ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬‡ ’ ¬ ߥπµ√’ ∏ √√¡™“µ‘
·≈– ’ π— ∑’πË “à øíßπà“™¡¬‘ßË ¢÷πÈ .
ª√–‚¬™πå∑“ßµ√ß
·¡â«à“ªÉ“™“¬À“¥®–¡’æ√√≥‰¡â
§àÕπ¢â“ß®”°—¥„𧫓¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß
™π‘¥æ—π∏åÿ, ·µà°Á¡’‰¡àπâÕ¬∑’˪√–™“™π
π”¡“„™â Õ¬∑—ßÈ ¥â“πÕÿª‚¿§·≈–∫√‘‚¿§
‡™àπ
æ√√≥‰¡â∑’Ë„Àâ‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â‡æ◊ËÕ°“√
ª≈Ÿ° √â“ß ‡™àπ ‰¡â π∑–‡≈ ∑’ˇªìπ‰¡â
À≈—°¢Õߪɓ™“¬À“¥, ª√–™“™ππ‘¬¡
„™â≈”µâπ∑”‡ “ ‘Ëߪ≈Ÿ° √â“ß ∑”‡ “
‚ªÖ–‡æ◊ÕË °“√ª√–¡ß ∑”‡ “°√–‚¥ß‡√◊Õ,
∑—È ß ≈”µâ π ·≈–°‘Ë ß „Àâ ∂à “ π∑’Ë ¡’ §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ
·≈–§«“¡√âÕπ Ÿß‰¡à·æ≡₰߰“ß®“°
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π.
‰¡â‡°¥ ¡’‡π◊ÈÕ‡À𒬫 ∑πµàÕπÈ”
‡§Á¡‰¥â¥’ ª√–™“™ππ”¡“∑”À¡ÿ¥À√◊Õ
µ–ªŸ‰¡â„π°“√µàÕ‡√◊Õ.
‰¡â æ –¬Õ¡, µ–‡§’ ¬ π∑Õß,
®”≈Õß ‡æÁߧ≈⓬
ππ∑√’,  —µµ∫√√≥, ¡–¡à«ßªÉ“ „™âµÕà
‡√◊ÕÀ√◊Õ‡√◊Õ¢ÿ¥ ∑”‡§√◊ËÕßµ°·µàß∫â“π
·≈–„™â∑” ‘Ëߪ≈Ÿ° √â“ß∑—Ë«‰ª.
À¡— π ∑–‡≈ „™â‡ª≈◊Õ°∑ÿ∫º ¡
πÈ”¡—π¬“ßÕ—¥µ“¡·π«µ–‡¢Á∫°√–¥“π
∑âÕ߇√◊Õ.
ªÕÀ¡—π, ¡–∫‘π À√◊ÕµÕß®‘ß,
™ÿ¡·æ√° ∑”ÀπⓉ¡âÕ—¥‡æ√“–¡’≈“¬
 «¬.
æ√√≥‰¡â∑’Ë√—∞„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠®π
π”¡“ª≈Ÿ°‡ªìπ «πªÉ“Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß
°Á¡’‡æ’¬ß π∑–‡≈ ‡æ√“–§àÕπ¢â“ß®–
‡ªì π ‰¡â ‡ ∫‘ ° π”∑’Ë ¥’ ·≈–¡’ ª √–‚¬™πå
À≈“¬ª√–°“√¥—ß°≈à“«.
æ√√≥‰¡â∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√ ¡’
‰¢à‡πà“, §Õ·≈π, ¡–¡à«ßªÉ“ „™â
º≈·°à·≈– ÿ°·≈â«∫√‘‚¿§.
‡°¥, æ‘°≈ÿ ªÉ“ „™â‡π◊ÕÈ ∑’ÀË ¡ÿâ ‡¡≈Á¥.
ÀŸ°«“ß,  “√¿’∑–‡≈ „™â‡π◊ÈÕ„π
‡¡≈Á¥¡“ °—¥πÈ”¡—π.
¡–¡à«ßªÉ“ „™â„∫ÕàÕπ.
æ≈—∫æ≈“ „™âº≈ ÿ°.
‡¡◊ËÕ¬ „™âº≈ÕàÕπ·≈–„∫ÕàÕπ.
‡µà“√â“ß, À«“¬, ª√ß „™â¬Õ¥
ÕàÕπ.
¡–¡à«ßÀ‘¡æ“πµå „™â‡¡≈Á¥·≈–„∫
ÕàÕπ.
· ¡ “√ „™â„∫ÕàÕπ·≈–¥Õ°ÕàÕπ
‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫¢’ȇÀ≈Á°.
∑â “ «¬“¬¡à Õ ¡ „™â·ªÑß®“°À—«
À√◊Õ‡Àßâ“. ‡§¬¡’°“√„™â°—π¡“°¬“¡
¢“¥·§≈π¢â “ « ‚¥¬„™â · ªÑ ß ®“°À— «
∑â“«¬“¬¡àÕ¡¡“„™â∑¥·∑π. ·µà„π
ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ·∑∫®–‰¡à ¡’ ºâŸ   π„®·≈–√⟠®— °
°√√¡«‘∏’„π°“√º≈‘µ·ªÑß®“°À—«∑â“«
¬“¬¡àÕ¡‡≈¬.
¯˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
≈”‡æÁß „™â¬Õ¥·≈–„∫ÕàÕπ.
 —ß«“≈æ√–Õ‘π∑√å „™â‡∂“·≈–º≈
ÕàÕπ.
§—π∑√ß „™â„∫ÕàÕπ„™â·∑πº—°.
π—∫«à“ªÉ“™“¬À“¥¬—ßæÕ¡’Õ“À“√
„Àâ ∫â “ ßæÕ‰¥â „ ™â „ π¬“¡¢“¥·§≈π,
·≈–‡ªìπÕ“À“√ —µ«å‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“ß
¬‘Ëßæ«°π°π—Èπ °Á¡’æՇ撬߮“°æ«°
≈Ÿ°‰∑√·≈–æ√√≥‰¡â¥ß— °≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ.
æ◊ ™ „Àâ πÈ” ¡— π ∑’Ë ¡’ · π«‚πâ ¡ ∑”
‡ªì π Õÿ µ  “À°√√¡‰¥â ¡’ ÀŸ ° «“ß,
°√–∑‘ß ·≈– ¡–æ√â“« ‚¥¬ °—¥®“°
‡π◊ÈÕ„π‡¡≈Á¥ π”¡“„™âª√ÿßÕ“À“√ ·≈–
Õ“®„™â‡ªìπæ≈—ßß“π‰¥â.
æ◊™∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπ ¡ÿπ‰æ√æ◊Èπ∫â“π
∑’πË ¬‘ ¡¡’Õ¬àÀŸ ≈“¬™π‘¥ ‡™àπ ™‘ß™â“™“≈’,
µ“πÀ¡àÕπ, ™–‡Õ¡ªÉ“, Õ∫‡™¬‡∂“,
‡∂“«—≈¬å‡ª√’¬ß, ¡–√–¢’Èπ°, ™–‡Õ¡,
 ”¡–ß“, ¥Õߥ÷ß, §√Õ∫®—°√«“≈,
À≠â“æ—πߟ, æ≈—∫æ≈÷ß, ‚¥à‰¡à√âŸ≈â¡,
πÈ”π¡√“™ ’Àå, À«¥À¡àÕπ, ‡∑’¬π
∑–‡≈, · ¡ “√, ¢’ÈÀπÕπ, °”≈—ß
™â“ß “√, °√–‡∫“°≈—°, §π∑’ Õ, ¢≈à.Ÿ
æ◊™∑’„Ë ™âª√–¥—∫„π «π À√◊Õπ”
¡“´◊ÈÕ¢“¬‡ªìπ‰¡âª√–¥—∫°Á¡’À≈“¬
™π‘¥¥â«¬°—𠇙àπ ¡–π“«º’, °”≈—ß™â“ß
 “√, §π∑’ Õ, ¡◊Õæ√–π“√“¬≥å,
æ≈—∫æ≈÷ß, ∑â“«¬“¬¡àÕ¡,  ”¡–ß“,
¥Õߥ÷ß, ‡µà“√â“ßÀπŸ, √äÕ°, ª√ß∑–‡≈,
π¡µ”‡≈’¬, π¡æ‘®µ‘ √, °√–·µ‰µà‰¡â,
‰∑√¬âÕ¬, ¢≈à,Ÿ ‡°¥, °—π‡°√“, æ–¬Õ¡,
≈”∫‘¥∑–‡≈, ‰∑√¬âÕ¬„∫∑Ÿà, ‡À¡◊Õ¥
®’È¥ß, ‚¡°·¥ß,  —µµ∫√√≥, µ’π
‡ªì¥∑√“¬, ªÕÀ¡—π, µ“π¥”, ∑Õß
‚À≈ß, ∑ÕßÀ≈“ᦐ “ , ‚¡°„À≠à ,
ππ∑√’, Àπ“¡°√“¬, ‡∑’¬π∑–‡≈ ´÷Ëß
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

¡’∑—Èß„Àâ√Ÿª∑√ß „Àâ‡√◊Õπæàÿ¡ ·≈–„À⠪ɓ™“¬À“¥∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥嵓¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‡©æ“–Õ¬à “ ߬‘Ë ß  ¿“æ∏√√¡™“µ‘ ¢ Õß

¥Õ° «¬ß“¡.
„π¢≥–∑’Ëæ◊™„πªÉ“™“¬À“¥ à«π
¡“°¡’ª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ¡πÿ…¬å·≈– —µ«å °Á
¡’ æ◊ ™ ∑’Ë „ Àâ ‚ ∑…À√◊ Õ ‡ªì π Õ— π µ√“¬µà Õ
¡πÿ…¬å·≈– —µ«å¥â«¬. µ“µàÿ¡∑–‡≈,
µ—ßµ“∫Õ¥ ¡’¬“ß°—¥º‘«Àπ—ß, ∂Ⓡ¢â“µ“
Õ“®∑”„Àⵓ∫Õ¥, ∂â“∫√‘‚¿§∑”„Àâ
∑âÕ߇¥‘π, ∂Õ∫·∂∫πÈ” ‡¡≈Á¥‡ªìπ¬“
‡∫◊ÕË ‡¡“.
ªí≠À“°“√Õπÿ√—°…åªÉ“™“¬À“¥
¥—ß∑’‰Ë ¥â°≈à“«¡“·µà·√°·≈â««à“ ªÉ“
™“¬À“¥ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬ªÉ “ À¬à Õ ¡‡≈Á °
À¬àÕ¡πâÕ¬ ¡’‡π◊ÈÕ∑’ˉ¡à¡“°π—° ·≈–
æ◊ÈπÀ“¥‡ªìπ°√«¥ ‡ªìπ∑√“¬ ·≈–‚¢¥
À‘ π , ´÷Ë ß ‰¡à ‡ À¡“–·°à ° “√ª≈Ÿ ° æ◊ ™
‡°…µ√, §«√ ß«π‰«â‡ªìπªÉ“·≈–ª√—∫
ª√ÿ ß  ¿“æªÉ “ π—È π „Àâ ¥’ ¢÷È π ‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡Õ◊È Õ
ª√–‚¬™πå∑ßÈ— ∑“ßµ√ß·≈–∑“ßÕâÕ¡µ“¡
 ¿“æ¢Õߪɓ™π‘¥π’È. ·µà‡π◊ËÕß®“°
 ¿“ææ◊Èπ∑’ˇªìπ∑’Ëπà“Õ¬àŸÕ“»—¬ ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘ËߢÕß™“«ª√–¡ß, ·≈–
°≈“¬‡ªìπ·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ∑’Ëæ—°µ“°
Õ“°“» ®÷ß∑”„Àâ¡’°“√‡¢â“‰ª®—∫®Õß
¬÷¥∂◊Õæ◊Èπ∑’Ë°—π¡“° ‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ„Àâ ¿“æ
·∑∫®–‰¡à À ≈߇À≈◊ Õ Õ¬àŸ ‡ ≈¬. ‡¡◊Ë Õ
ª√–¡“≥ Ù ªï ∑’Ë ºà “ π¡“ ™“¬Ωíò ß
®— ß À«— ¥ æ— ß ß“™à « ß√–À«à “ ßµ–°—Ë « ªÉ “ -
æ—ßß“ π—∫«à“¡’ªÉ“™“¬À“¥∑’˧àÕπ¢â“ß
 ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å Õ ¬àŸ · Àà ß Àπ÷Ë ß „πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π °Á
‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª¡“°. ·µà°Á¬—߇ªìπ∑’Ëπà“¬‘π¥’
«à“ µ“¡‡¢µÕÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“µ‘∑’Ë¡’Õ“≥“
‡¢µµ‘¥°—∫∑–‡≈ √«¡∑—Èß «π√ÿ°¢™“µ‘
™“¬∑–‡≈∫“ß·Ààß ∑’Ë°√¡ªÉ“‰¡â °√–-
∑√«ß‡°…µ√œ ‡¢â“‰ª¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬àŸ
·≈–µ“¡‡°“–µà“ßÊ ∑’ËÕ¬àŸ„π§«“¡¥Ÿ·≈
¢Õß°Õß∑—æ‡√◊Õ ∑—Èß„π∫√‘‡«≥Õà“«‰∑¬
·≈–¥â“π∑–‡≈Õ—π¥“¡—π ∑’Ë·¡â«à“®–∂Ÿ°
¥—¥·ª≈߉ª∫â“ßµ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ °Á
¬— ß æÕ∑’Ë ® –„™â ‡ ªì π ·À≈à ß À“§«“¡√âŸ
‡°’ˬ«°—∫ªÉ“™“¬À“¥‰¥âÕ¬àŸ.
°“√Õπÿ√—°…åªÉ“À¬àÕ¡‡≈Á°À¬àÕ¡
πâÕ¬ ‡π◊ÕÈ ∑’·Ë µà≈–·Àà߉¡à‡°‘π Ò, ‰√à
·µà   ¿“ææ◊È π ∑’Ë ¡’ · π«‚πâ ¡ ∑’Ë ® –‡ªì π
»Ÿπ¬å·À≈àß™ÿ¡™π„πÕ𓧵À√◊Õ°”≈—ß
‡√‘Ë¡‡ªìπÕ¬àŸ·≈â«π—Èπ, √—∞®–µâÕß√’∫‡¢â“
‰ª¥”‡π‘π°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß·≈–®—¥°“√Õ¬à“ß
®√‘ß®—ß°àÕπ∑’Ë®– “¬‡°‘π‰ª. ∂â“À“°
ª≈àÕ¬„Àâª√–™“™π‡¢â“‰ª¬÷¥∂◊Õ§√Õ∫
§√Õß·≈â«‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–‡Õ“°≈—∫¡“ ‚¥¬
ªÉ“π—Èπ ®–‰¡à¡’∑“ß∑’ˇªìπ‰ª‰¥â‡≈¬.
Õπ÷Ëß ‡ªìπ∑’Ëπà“¬‘π¥’«à“ ‚§√ß°“√
Õπÿ√—°…åæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡æ◊™Õ—π‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°
æ√–√“™¥”√‘  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡∑æ√—µπ√“™-
 ÿ¥“œ  ¬“¡∫√¡√“™°ÿ¡“√’ ‰¥â¥”‡π‘π
°“√Õπÿ √— ° …å æ— π ∏ÿ ° √√¡æ◊ ™ µ“¡‡°“–
µà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ÕË „À⇪ìπ·∫∫‚§√ß°“√π”√àÕß
„π°“√Õπÿ√—°…å∑—Èßæ◊™·≈– ¿“æ∏√√¡-
™“µ‘¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬, ‚¥¬„À⇰“–
· ¡ “√‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß ®÷߇ªìπ∑’ËÀ«—ß
‰¥â«à“ ¿“æªÉ“™“¬À“¥¢Õ߉∑¬ ®–¡’
„Àâª√–™“™π‰¥â‡¢â“ —¡º—  ‰¥â»÷°…“
À“§«“¡√⟧ßÕ¬àŸ‰¥âµ≈Õ¥‰ª.
‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß
Ò. ‡µÁ ¡  ¡‘ µ‘ π— π ∑πå . Vegetation and
ground cover of Thailand. ¡À“«‘∑¬“-
≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å, °√ÿ߇∑æœ; ÚıÙ.
Ú. ‡µÁ¡  ¡‘µπ‘ π— ∑πå. Thai plant names,
æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú. °√¡ªÉ“‰¡â, °√ÿ߇∑æœ;
ÚıÙÙ; Àπâ“ Ò-¯Ò.
Û. Õÿ∑»‘ °ÿÆÕ‘π∑√å. 𑇫»«‘∑¬“æ◊πÈ ∞“π‡æ◊ÕË °“√
ªÉ“‰¡â. ¿“§«‘™“™’««‘∑¬“ªÉ“‰¡â §≥–«π-
»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ,
°√ÿ߇∑æœ: ÚıÙÒ. Àπâ“ Ùˆ˜-˜Û.

Abstract Beach Forest

Chamlong Phengklai
Fellow, the Academy of Science, the Royal Institute, Thailand
“Beach forest” is a term used to describe a type of evergreen forest, found on the narrow strips
along sandy beaches or sand dunes away from the waves but under the influence of salt spray. The
structure of such a forest could be divided into three high classes. There are about 200 species in-
cluding timber trees, edible plants, oil plants, medicinal plants, ornamental plants and some poison-
ous plants.
Key words : plant, beach forest

ªÉ“™“¬À“¥
¯¯
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π  π‘∑ Õ—°…√·°â«

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
∑√—欓°√™“¬Ωíòß∑’˧«√Õπÿ√—°…å* √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‡ªìπ —ߧ¡æ◊™·≈–√–∫∫𑇫»∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–§àÕπ¢â“߇ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å, æ∫Õ¬Ÿà„π∫√‘‡«≥™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈‡¢µ
√âÕπ∑’πË ”È ∑–‡≈∑à«¡∂÷ß. „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’ª“É ™“¬‡≈πÕ¬Ÿ∑à «Ë— ‰ªµ“¡æ◊πÈ ∑’™Ë “¬Ωíßò ∑–‡≈, ∫√‘‡«≥ª“°·¡àπ”È , Õà“«, ∑–‡≈ “∫
·≈–‡°“–µà“ßÊ, ∑—Èß∑“ߥâ“πÕà“«‰∑¬·≈–¥â“π∑–‡≈Õ—π¥“¡—π, ·µà„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’‡À≈◊Õ‡æ’¬ß Ò.ı ≈â“π‰√à‡∑à“π—Èπ. ªÉ“
™“¬‡≈π‡Õ◊ÕÈ Õ”π«¬ª√–‚¬™πåÀ≈“¬Õ¬à“ß·≈–¡’∫∑∫“∑ ”§—≠µàÕ§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿ¢à Õߪ√–™“°√·≈–‡»√…∞°‘®¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß.
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈πª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬æ√√≥æ◊™·≈– —µ«åπ“π“æ—π∏ÿåÕ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å. ∑—Èßæ◊™·≈– —µ«å„πªÉ“™“¬‡≈π¡’≈—°…≥–
摇»…∑’ Ë “¡“√∂ª√—∫µ—«¥”√ß™’«µ‘ „πæ◊πÈ ∑’´Ë ß÷Ë ¡’ ¿“懪ìππÈ”°√àÕ¬‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’. ®“°°“√«‘®¬— ¥â“π√–∫∫𑇫»ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π
æ∫«à“æ√√≥æ◊™∑’Ë¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà„πªÉ“™“¬‡≈π¡’¡“°°«à“ ˜ ™π‘¥ √«¡∂÷߉¡â¬◊πµâπ ‰¡âæÿà¡ ª“≈å¡ ‡øî√åπ æ◊™Õ‘ßÕ“»—¬ ·≈–
 “À√à“¬.  ”À√—∫ —µ«å¡’∑—Èß —µ«åπÈ” (°ÿâß ÀÕ¬ ªŸ ª≈“) ·≈– —µ«å∫° ( —µ«å‡≈◊ÈÕ¬§≈“π·≈–π°). πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’·¡≈ß
·≈–æ«°®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬åÕ¬à“ßÕÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å„πªÉ“™“¬‡≈πÕ’°¥â«¬.
„π™à«ß Ú ªï∑’˺à“π‰ª æ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ™“¬‡≈π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰¥â∂Ÿ°∫ÿ°√ÿ°∑”≈“¬≈ßÕ¬à“ßπà“‡ªìπÀà«ß, ¡’ “‡Àµÿ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π™“¬Ωíòß ∑”„Àâ¡’°“√µ—¥‰¡â„πªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬ ∑”°“√‡°…µ√ ·≈–
æ—≤π“‡¡◊Õß. °“√‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭߠ—µ«åπÈ”‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√∑”π“°ÿâß°Á‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ ”§—≠∑”„Àâæ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ™“¬‡≈π≈¥≈ß. ®“°
°“√ ”√«®æ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ™“¬‡≈π„πªï ÚıÛÚ æ∫«à“¡’ª√–¡“≥ Ò.ÒÛ ≈â“π‰√à, ‰¥â≈¥≈߇À≈◊Õª√–¡“≥ Ò.Ù ≈â“π‰√à„πªï
ÚıÛ˘. ·µà®“°°“√ ”√«®„πªï ÚıÙÛ æ∫«à“æ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ™“¬‡≈π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπª√–¡“≥ Úı, ‰√à ‡π◊ËÕß®“°∑“ß√—∞‰¥â¡’
‚§√ß°“√ª≈Ÿ°ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π ·≈–¬—ß¡’°“√ª≈Ÿ°ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‚¥¬π—°‡√’¬π π‘ ‘µπ—°»÷°…“ √“…Æ√ ™ÿ¡™π ·≈–Õߧå°√‡Õ°™π
Õ’°¥â«¬.
√—∞∫“≈‰¥âµ√–Àπ—°µàÕ§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õߪɓ™“¬‡≈π‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° ®÷ß à߇ √‘¡°‘®°√√¡À≈“¬Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë®–𔉪 Ÿà°“√
Õπÿ√—°…å·≈–„™â∑√—欓°√ªÉ“™“¬‡≈πÕ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬„Àâ‡πâπ°‘®°√√¡À≈—° ”§—≠ Ù ª√–°“√ §◊Õ °“√
«‘®—¬·≈–ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â§«“¡√Ÿâ, °“√ª≈Ÿ°øóôπøŸ·≈–°“√ªÑÕß°—π, °“√ √â“ß®‘µ ”π÷°·≈–°“√»÷°…“, ·≈–°“√ “∏‘µ·≈–
√–∫∫°“√®—¥°“√Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π. Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ °“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß™ÿ¡™π·≈–°“√∫—ߧ—∫„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬®–‡ªìπªí®®—¬ ”§—≠
„π°“√Õπÿ√—°…å∑√—欓°√ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π¢Õߪ√–‡∑».
§” ”§—≠ : ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π, ∑√—欓°√™“¬Ωíòß, Õπÿ√—°…å

*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ı ‡¡…“¬π æ.». ÚıÙı

 π‘∑ Õ—°…√·°â«
¯˘
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
ª√–™“°√ à«π„À≠à¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
∑’Ë Õ “»— ¬ Õ¬Ÿà Àà “ ߉°≈®“°™“¬Ωíò ß ∑–≈
ª“°·¡àπÈ” À√◊Õ∑–‡≈ “∫ Õ“®‰¡à√Ÿâ®—°
¡— ° §ÿâ π À√◊ Õ ‰¥â  — ¡ º—   °— ∫ ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π
¡“°π—°. ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‡ªìπ
 — ß §¡æ◊ ™ ∑’Ë ™ Õ∫¢÷È π ·≈–æ∫Õ¬Ÿà ∑—Ë « ‰ª
∫√‘‡«≥æ◊Èπ∑’Ë™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈∫√‘‡«≥ª“°
Õà “ « ≈”§≈Õß ∑–‡≈ “∫ ·≈–√Õ∫
‡°“–·°àßµà“ßÊ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’πÈ”
∑–‡≈∑à«¡∂÷ß ·≈–‡ªìπ∫√‘‡«≥æ◊Èπ∑’ËπÈ”
°√àÕ¬ ∑—Èß„π·∂∫‚´π√âÕπ·≈–°÷Ëß‚´π
√âÕπ∫“ß à«π. çªÉ“™“¬‡≈πé À√◊Õ
™“«∫â“π∑’ËÕ“»—¬∫√‘‡«≥√‘¡Ωíòß∑–‡≈¡—°
‡√’¬°°—𵑥ª“°°—π«à“ çªÉ“‚°ß°“ßé
‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’‰¡â‚°ß°“߇ªìπ‰¡â‡¥àπ·≈–
¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°. ‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“
®“° ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–‡∑»∫√‘‡«≥™“¬Ωíòß
Õ“®°≈à“«‰¥â«“à ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ
æ◊Èπ∑’ËÀ√◊Õ‡¢µ·π«∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ¡µàÕ√–À«à“ß
æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∫π∫°°—∫∑–‡≈π—Ëπ‡Õß, ´÷Ëßπ—∫
‡ªì π æ◊È π ∑’Ë ∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡ ”§— ≠ ∑—È ß „π·ßà
𑇫»«‘∑¬“  ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡  —ߧ¡ ·≈–
‡»√…∞°‘®‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß.
·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥·≈–°“√°√–®“¬
¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ™“¬‡≈π
ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π à « π„À≠à ® –¢÷È π
°√–®—¥°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà∫πΩíòß™“¬∑–‡≈‡¢µ
√â Õ πµ—È ß ·µà ª √–‡∑»Õ‡¡√‘ ° “µÕπ„µâ
Õ‡¡√‘°“°≈“ß ·Õø√‘°“ ‡Õ‡™’¬ ·≈–À¡Ÿà
‡°“–·ª´‘øî°. ¡’æ◊Èπ∑’ˇ撬߇≈Á°πâÕ¬∑’Ë
æ∫«à“ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π “¡“√∂¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà·≈–
‡®√‘ ≠ ‡µ‘ ∫ ‚µ‰¥â „ π‡¢µ°÷Ë ß √â Õ π ‡™à π
ª√–‡∑»π‘«´’·≈π¥å. æ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ™“¬‡≈π
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥¢Õß‚≈°¡’ª√–¡“≥ ÒÒÛ.Ù
≈â“π‰√à, ‚¥¬æ∫„πÕ‡¡√‘°“‡¢µ√âÕπ
ª√–¡“≥ Û˘.ˆ ≈â“π‰√à, ·Õø√‘°“‡¢µ
√âÕπ ª√–¡“≥ ÚÒ.Û ≈â“π‰√à, ·≈–„π
·∂∫‡Õ‡™’¬‡¢µ√âÕπ√«¡∂÷ßÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬
ª√–¡“≥ ıÚ.ı ≈â“π‰√à ´÷ßË ‡ªìπª√–‡∑»
∑’Ë¡’æ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ™“¬‡≈π¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥„π‚≈°
§◊Õª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– ˆÙ.Ù ¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë
ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π¢Õß‚≈°; √Õß≈ß¡“§◊ Õ
ª√–‡∑»Õ‘π‚¥π’‡´’¬ ¡’æ◊Èπ∑’˪√–¡“≥
Úˆ.ı˜ ≈â“π‰√à, ·≈–ª√–‡∑»∫√“´‘≈
ª√–¡“≥ Òı.ˆÛ ≈â“π‰√à µ“¡≈”¥—∫.
®“°°“√ ”√«®¢Õß°√¡ªÉ “ ‰¡â
æ∫«à“„πªï ÚıÙÙ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’ªÉ“
™“¬‡≈πÕ¬Ÿàª√–¡“≥ Ò.ı ≈â“π‰√à
°√–®“¬µ≈Õ¥™“¬Ωíò ß ∑–‡≈∑“ß¿“§
µ–«—πÕÕ° µ—Èß·µà®—ßÀ«—¥µ√“¥ ®—π∑∫ÿ√’
√–¬Õß ™≈∫ÿ√’ ®π∂÷ß©–‡™‘߇∑√“, ·≈–
∑“ß¿“§°≈“ß®“° ¡ÿ ∑ √ª√“°“√
°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√  ¡ÿ∑√ “§√  ¡ÿ∑√-
 ß§√“¡ ‡æ™√∫ÿ√’ ®π∂÷ߪ√–®«∫§’√’-
¢—π∏å, ´÷Ëß√«¡∑—Èß Ú ¿“§·≈â«¡’æ◊Èπ∑’Ë
‡æ’¬ßª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– ÒÙ.¯ ‡∑à“π—Èπ.
 ”À√—∫¿“§„µâΩíòß∑–‡≈µ–«—πµ°¢Õß
Õà“«‰∑¬ µ—Èß·µà™ÿ¡æ√  ÿ√“…Æ√å∏“π’
π§√»√’ ∏ √√¡√“™ æ— ∑ ≈ÿ ß  ß¢≈“
®π∂÷ßªíµµ“π’ ·≈–¥â“𙓬Ωíòß∑–‡≈
Õ—π¥“¡—π ®“°√–πÕß æ—ßß“ ¿Ÿ‡°Áµ
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π∑’ËÕÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥噓¬Ωíòߥâ“π∑–‡≈Õ—π¥“¡—π
¯Ò
°√–∫’Ë µ√—ß ®π∂÷ß µŸ≈ ¡’æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¡“°∑’Ë
 ÿ¥∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– ¯ı.Ú ¢Õߪɓ™“¬‡≈π
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥¢Õߪ√–‡∑». ®“°°“√ ”√«®
¢Õß°√¡ªÉ“‰¡â„πªï ÚıÛ˘ ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π
∑’Ëæ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥·≈–√Õßµ“¡≈”¥—∫ §◊Õ
®—ßÀ«—¥æ—ßß“  µŸ≈ °√–∫’Ë ·≈–µ√—ß ´÷Ëß
¡’æπÈ◊ ∑’Ë Ò.˘, Ò.¯Û, Ò.˜ˆ ·≈– Ò.ı
· π‰√à.
ªÉ “ ™ “ ¬ ‡ ≈ π ‡ ªì π · À ≈à ß ∑’Ë ¡’
§ÿ ≥ §à “ §«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß
™’«¿“æ¡À“»“≈
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈ππ—∫‡ªìπÕ“≥“®—°√¢Õß
 √√æ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¡’™’«‘µπ“π“™π‘¥√«¡∑—Èßæ◊™
·≈– —µ«å. ®“°√“¬ß“π‡Õ° “√°“√«‘®¬—
∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà¢≥–π’Èæ∫«à“ ¡’æ√√≥æ◊™√«¡
∂÷ßµâπ‰¡â„À≠à ‰¡âæÿà¡ ‡øî√å𠪓≈å¡
√«¡∂÷ß ˜Ò ™π‘¥. æ√√≥æ◊™∑’Ë ”§—≠
∑’Ëæ∫Õ¬à“ß ¡Ë”‡ ¡ÕÕ¬Ÿà„πªÉ“™“¬‡≈π
∑—Ë « ‰ª ‰¥â · °à ‚°ß°“ß · ¡ ≈”æŸ
≈”·æπ µ–∫Ÿπ Ω“¥ ‚ª√ß ∂—Ë« µ“µÿà¡
‡ªìπµâπ. πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ßæ∫æ◊™æ«°
æ◊™Õ‘ßÕ“»—¬ª√–¡“≥ Ò¯ ™π‘¥ ∑’Ë
 ”§—≠‰¥â·°à · âæ√–Õ‘π∑√å √Õ߇∑â“π“√’
·≈–π¡µ”‡√’¬.  ”À√—∫æ◊™ª√–‡¿∑
 “À√à“¬∑’Ëæ∫∫√‘‡«≥ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π¡’∑—Èß
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π ∑√—欓°√™“¬Ωíòß∑’˧«√Õπÿ√—°…å

 ‘Èπª√–¡“≥ ÙÙ ™π‘¥ ·≈–™π‘¥∑’Ë
 ”§— ≠ ‰¥â · °à  “À√à “ ¬ ’ ‡ ¢’ ¬ « ·≈–
 “À√à“¬ ’‡¢’¬«·°¡πÈ”‡ß‘π. πÕ°®“°
π’È ¡’æ«°·æ≈ߧåµÕπæ◊™ √«¡∑—Èß√“
À≈“¬™π‘ ¥ ·≈–¡’ ª √‘ ¡ “≥¡“° ´÷Ë ß
¢≥–π’È°“√«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫√“„πªÉ“™“¬
‡≈π‰¥â√—∫§«“¡ π„®®“°π—°«‘∑¬“-
»“ µ√凪ìπÕ¬à“ß¡“°.
 ”À√—∫ —µ«å∑æË’ ∫„πªÉ“™“¬‡≈π¡’
∑—ßÈ  —µ«åπÈ”·≈– —µ«å∫° °≈à“«§◊Õ  —µ«åπÈ”
√«¡∂÷ß™π‘¥¢Õߪ≈“ ª√–¡“≥ ˜Ú
™π‘ ¥ ; ™π‘ ¥  ”§— ≠ ‰¥â · °à ª≈“
π«≈®— π ∑√å ∑ –‡≈ ª≈“°√–æß ª≈“
°√–∫Õ° ª≈“∫Ÿà ‡ªìπµâπ.  ”À√—∫°ÿâß
„πªÉ“™“¬‡≈πæ∫«à“¡’ª√–¡“≥ Òı
™π‘¥; ™π‘¥∑’Ë ”§—≠ ‰¥â·°à °ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
·≈–°ÿâß·™∫䫬.  à«πªŸ¡’ª√–¡“≥ Û
™π‘¥; ™π‘¥∑’Ë ”§—≠ ‰¥â·°à ªŸ°â“¡¥“∫
ªŸ∑–‡≈ ·≈–ªŸ· ¡. ÀÕ¬„πªÉ“™“¬
‡≈π¡’ª√–¡“≥ ÚÚ ™π‘¥ √«¡∑—ÈßÀÕ¬
Ω“‡¥’¬« ·≈–ÀÕ¬ ÕßΩ“; ∑’Ë ”§—≠
‰¥â·°à ÀÕ¬π“ß√¡ ÀÕ¬¢’È°“ ·≈–ÀÕ¬
¢’Èπ°. æ«°®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å„π¥‘π ·≈– —µ«å
‡≈Á ° Ê „π¥‘ π ¡’ ¡ “°¡“¬À≈“¬™π‘ ¥ .
 ”À√—∫ —µ«å∫°æ∫«à“¡’π°∑—Èß∑’ËÕæ¬æ
·≈–∑âÕß∂‘ËπÕ¬Ÿà∂÷ß ¯¯ ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à
π°¬“ß ‡À¬’Ë ¬ « π°À— « ‚µ ·≈–π°
°√–®‘ ∫ .  — µ «å ‡ ≈’È ¬ ß≈Ÿ ° ¥â « ¬π¡¡’
ª√–¡“≥ Ûı ™π‘¥‰¥â·°à ≈‘ß π“°
·¡«ªÉ“·≈–§â“ߧ“«.  —µ«å‡≈◊ÈÕ¬§≈“π
ª√–¡“≥ Úı ™π‘¥ ´÷Ëß¡’∑—Èß°‘Èß°à“ ßŸ
·≈– —µ«å§√÷ßË ∫°§√÷ßË πÈ” ‡™àπ ‡µà“ ®√–‡¢â.
πÕ°®“°π’È „πªÉ“™“¬‡≈π¬—ß¡’·¡≈ß
Õ¬Ÿ¡à “°¡“¬∂÷ß Û¯ ™π‘¥ √«¡∂÷ߺ’‡ ◊ÕÈ
°≈“ߧ◊π ·¡≈ߪﰷ¢Áß ·≈–À‘ËßÀâÕ¬
‡ªìπµâπ.  √√æ ‘Ë߇À≈à“π’È®–√«¡Õ¬Ÿà
 π‘∑ Õ—°…√·°â«
¥â«¬°—π·∫∫‡Õ◊ÈÕÕ“∑√æ÷Ëßæ“Õ“»—¬´÷Ëß
°—π·≈–°—π ·≈–®–Õ¬Ÿà√«¡°—π„π ¿“æ
 ¡¥ÿ≈∏√√¡™“µ‘µ≈Õ¥‰ªÀ“°ª√“»-
®“°°“√∑”≈“¬·≈–√∫°«π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
®“°°‘®°√√¡¢Õß¡πÿ…¬åπ—Ëπ‡Õß.
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‡ªìπ·À≈à߇™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ß
·≈–«— ¥ÿ°àÕ √â“ß∑’Ë ”§—≠
ª√–™“™π à « π„À≠à ∑’Ë Õ “»— ¬
∫√‘‡«≥™“¬Ωíòß ‰¥â„™âª√–‚¬™π宓°‰¡â
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπæ≈—ßß“π„π°“√Àÿß
µâ¡¡“‡ªìπ‡«≈“™â“π“π. ‰¡â®“°ªÉ“
™“¬‡≈π‚¥¬‡©æ“–‰¡â‚°ß°“߉¥âπ”
¡“∑”øóπ·≈–‡º“∂à“π ´÷Ëß¡’°“√«‘®—¬
æ∫«à “ ∂à “ π‰¡â ‚ °ß°“ß„Àâ § «“¡√â Õ π
 Ÿß ÿ¥·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ‡º“‰À¡â·≈â«¡’ª√‘¡“≥
¢’‡È ∂â“πâÕ¬¡“°. ∂à“π‰¡â‚°ß°“ß®÷ßπ‘¬¡
„™â°—π·æ√àÀ≈“¬∑—Ë«‰ª ‰¡à‡©æ“–„™âÕ¬Ÿà
µ“¡∫√‘‡«≥™“¬Ωíò߇∑à“π—Èπ ª√–™“™π
„π°√ÿ߇∑æœ π‘¬¡„™â∂à“π‰¡â‚°ß°“ß
ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π„π°“√Àÿ ß µâ ¡ Õ“À“√À√◊ Õ
¬à “ ß∫“∫’ §‘ « ‡ªì π µâ π . ∂à “ π‰¡â ªÉ “
™“¬‡≈π¡‘‰¥â„™â‡©æ“–¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»
‡∑à“π—πÈ ¬—ß à߉ª®”Àπà“¬¬—ßµà“ߪ√–‡∑»
Õ’°¥â«¬ ‡™àπ ≠’ªË πÉÿ ŒàÕß°ß  ‘ߧ‚ª√å ∂÷ß
·¡â®–‡ªìπ°“√∑”‡ß‘πµ√“µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
‰¡à¡“°°Áµ“¡·µà°Á‰¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√¡“™â“
π“π·≈â«. πÕ°®“°π’È ‰¡â„πªÉ“™“¬
‡≈π¬—ßπ”¡“„™â √â“ß∫â“π‡√◊Õπ, ‡øÕ√å-
𑇮Õ√å ·≈–Õÿª°√≥凧√◊ËÕß¡◊Õª√–¡ß
À≈“¬™π‘¥¥â«¬.
ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π‡ªì π ·À≈à ß Õ“À“√
·≈–¬“√— ° …“‚√§¢Õß™ÿ ¡ ™π
™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈ππ—∫‡ªìπ çÕŸà¢â“«ÕŸàπÈ”é
¯ÒÒ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
¢Õß™ÿ ¡ ™π™“¬Ωíò ß ∑–‡≈¡“Õ¬à “ ߙ⠓
π“π®π∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π.  —µ«åπÈ”π“π“
™π‘¥∫√‘‡«≥ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‰¡à«“à ®–‡ªìπ°ÿßâ
ÀÕ¬ ªŸ ª≈“ √“…Æ√ “¡“√∂®—∫À“‰¥â
Õ¬à“ß ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ„πªÉ“™“¬‡≈π. ‡¡◊ËÕ
‡À≈◊Õ®“°∫√‘‚¿§·≈â« ¬—ߢ“¬‰¥â‡ªìπ
‡ß‘π ¥Õ’°¥â«¬. √“…Æ√‰¥âÕ“»—¬µâπ®“°
‚¥¬„∫„™â¡ÿßÀ≈—ߧ“ ≈Ÿ°®“°∫√‘‚¿§‰¥â
·≈–πÈ”À«“π®“°µâπ®“°π”¡“∑”‡ªìπ
Õÿµ “À°√√¡πÈ”µ“≈®“° ¥—ß™ÿ¡™π„π
À≈“¬À¡Ÿ∫à “â πÕ”‡¿Õª“°æπ—ß ‡ªìπµâπ.
æ√√≥‰¡âªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“ ÚÚ
™π‘ ¥ Õ“®π”¡“„™â ‡ ªì π  ¡ÿ π ‰æ√ ´÷Ë ß
¢≥–π’Èπ—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å°”≈—ß∑¥ Õ∫
Õ¬ŸàÀ≈“¬™π‘¥.
ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π‡ªì π ·À≈à ß Õ“À“√
·À≈à ß Õπÿ ∫ “≈µ— « Õà Õ π·≈–∑’Ë
À≈∫¿—¬ ”§—≠¢Õß —µ«å™“¬Ωíòß
∑–‡≈
 —µ«åπÈ”π“π“™π‘¥∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„π
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π·≈–∫√‘‡«≥™“¬Ωíßò ‰¥âÕ“»—¬
∏“µÿ Õ “À“√Õ‘ π ∑√’ ¬ «— µ ∂ÿ ∑’Ë ¬à Õ ¬ ≈“¬
®“°‡»…‰¡â „∫‰¡â. ª√–¡“≥‰«â«à“ ªï
Àπ÷Ëß®–¡’‡»…‰¡â„∫‰¡â∑’Ë√à«ßÀ≈àπ®“°
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π∂÷ß Ò.Ò-Ò.ı µ—ππÈ”Àπ—°
·ÀâßµàÕ‰√à, ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕ ≈“¬µ—«·≈â«®–„Àâ
 “√Õ‘ π ∑√’ ¬å º  ¡‡ªì π Õ“À“√·°à  — µ «å
‡≈Á°Ê ´÷Ë߇ªìπ®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¢Õß‚´àÕ“À“√
„πªÉ“™“¬‡≈π·≈–™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈. ®“°
Õ“À“√ —µ«å‡≈Á°Ê°Á‡ªìπÕ“À“√ —µ«å„À≠à
Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß °≈à“«§◊Õ ®“°æ«° —µ«å
‡≈Á° ‡™àπ ÀπÕπª≈âÕß ®–‰ª Ÿà —µ«å
„À≠à¢÷È𠇙àπ °ÿâß ÀÕ¬ ªŸ ª≈“ ·≈–„π
∑’Ë ÿ¥°Á‡ªìπÕ“À“√¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
 —µ«å Ÿß ÿ¥„π‚´àÕ“À“√.  —µ«åπÈ”π“π“
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
slide F
ç‚´àÕ“À“√é „πªÉ“™“¬‡≈π
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π ç·À≈àßÕ“À“√é ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π™“¬Ωíòß
™π‘¥‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ°ÿâß ªŸ ª≈“ µâÕßÕ“»—¬
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‡ªìπ·À≈àßÕπÿ∫“≈µ—«ÕàÕπ,
∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬·≈–·À≈àßÀ≈∫¿—¬ ®π‡¡◊ËÕ
 —µ«åµ—«ÕàÕπ‡À≈à“π’È·¢Áß·√ß°Á®–ÕÕ°
‰ªÀ“°‘ π ·≈–‡®√‘ ≠ ‡µ‘ ∫ ‚µ„π∫√‘ ‡ «≥
™“¬ΩíòßÀ√◊Õ∑–‡≈µàÕ‰ª. πÕ°®“°π’È
ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π¬— ß ‡ªì π ·À≈à ß Õ“À“√∑’Ë
 ”§— ≠  ”À√— ∫ °“√‡æ“–‡≈’È ¬ ß™“¬Ωíò ß
‡™àπ ÀÕ¬π“ß√¡ ÀÕ¬·§√ß À√◊Õ°“√
‡≈’Ȭߠ—µ«åπÈ” ª≈“ ·≈–ªŸ „π°√–™—ß
´÷ßË π‘¬¡°—πÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬Õ’°¥â«¬.
ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π°— ∫ ∫∑∫“∑°“√ §«“¡ ¥™◊Ëπ·≈–≈¥§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…„Àâ
√— ° …“ ¡¥ÿ ≈ ·≈–§«“¡ ¥™◊Ë π °—∫Õ“°“»∫√‘‡«≥™“¬Ωíòß‚¥¬°√–∫«π
¢Õß√–∫∫𑇫»™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈ °“√ —߇§√“–Àå· ß, π—Ëπ§◊Õ ªÉ“™“¬
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‡ªìπµ—«°≈“ß∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë
‡™◊Ë Õ ¡‚¬ß√–À«à “ ß√–∫∫π‘ ‡ «»∫π∫°
°—∫√–∫∫𑇫»∑“ß∑–‡≈ ´÷Ë߇ª√’¬∫
‡ ¡◊Õπ ç –æ“πé ‡™◊ËÕ¡µàÕ√–À«à“ß
æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∫°°—∫∑–‡≈ π—Ëπ¬àÕ¡À¡“¬∂÷ß«à“
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠Õ¬à“ß¡“° „π
°“√∑’Ë®–™à«¬ √â“ß ¡¥ÿ≈„À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ
„π∑–‡≈·≈–∫√‘ ‡ «≥™“¬Ωíò ß. ªÉ“
™“¬‡≈π∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπªÑÕ¡ª√“°“√™—Èπ
¥’ · ≈–√“§“∂Ÿ ° „π°“√ªÑ Õ ß°— 𠥑 π æ— ß
∑≈“¬™“¬Ωíßò ªÑÕß°—π·≈–∫√√‡∑“§«“¡
√ÿπ·√ߢÕߧ≈◊Ëπ≈¡æ“¬ÿ™“¬Ωíòß ·≈–∑’Ë
 ”§—≠Õ’°ª√–°“√Àπ÷ßË °Á§Õ◊ ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π
¡’√–∫∫√“°·≈–°≈«‘∏“π∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß
√–∫∫𑇫»∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂™à«¬°≈—Ëπ
°√Õß·≈–¥Ÿ¥´—∫ ‘Ëߪؑ°Ÿ≈µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°
ª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬®“°∫π∫°≈߉ª Ÿ™à “¬∑–‡≈
‚¥¬µ√ß ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°√–∫«π°“√≈¥°“√
‡πà “ ‡ ’ ¬ ¢ÕßπÈ” „𙓬Ωíò ß ∑–‡≈·≈–
·¡àπÈ”≈”§≈Õß. °“√«‘®—¬„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȉ¥â
‡ÀÁ π º≈Õ¬à “ ß™— ¥ ‡®π®“°‚§√ß°“√
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√°”®—¥¢¬–·∫∫ª√–À¬—¥
·≈–°“√∫”∫— ¥ πÈ” ‡ ’ ¬ ¥â « ¬æ◊ ™ ·À≈¡
º— ° ‡∫’È ¬ Õ— π ‡π◊Ë Õ ß¡“®“°æ√–√“™¥”√‘
®—ßÀ«—¥‡æ™√∫ÿ√’. °“√∑’˪ɓ™“¬‡≈π
™à«¬≈¥°“√æ—ß∑≈“¬¢Õߥ‘𙓬Ωíòß,
°“√¥Ÿ¥´—∫¢Õ߇ ’¬À√◊Õ ‘Ëߪؑ°Ÿ≈µà“ßÊ
®“°∫π∫° π—∫‡ªìπ°“√≈¥º≈°√–∑∫
µàÕ√–∫∫𑇫»„°≈⇧’¬ß ‡™àπ √–∫∫
𑇫»À≠â“∑–‡≈ √–∫∫𑇫»ª–°“√—ß
´÷Ë߇ªìπ√–∫∫𑇫»∑’Ë ”§—≠∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“
¡À“»“≈¢Õß™“¬ΩíòßÕ’°¥â«¬. πÕ°
®“°π’È ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π “¡“√∂™à«¬‡æ‘Ë¡
¯ÒÚ
‡≈π “¡“√∂¥Ÿ¥´—∫·°ä §“√å∫Õπ‰¥-
ÕÕ°‰´¥å‰¥âª√–¡“≥ Ù µ—π§“√å∫Õπ
µàÕ‰√àµàÕªï ·≈–ª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬ÕÕ°´‘‡®π
ª√–¡“≥ Ú.˘ µ—πµàÕ‰√àµàÕªï.
®“°∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“·≈â«¢â“ßµâπ Õ“®
 √ÿª∂÷ߧÿ≥§à“ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇪ìπ
√Ÿª∏√√¡Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π‰¥â¥ß— π’È §◊Õ µ≈Õ¥
√–¬–§«“¡¬“«¢Õß™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈¢Õß
ª√–‡∑» ª√–¡“≥ Ú,˜ °‘‚≈‡¡µ√
∑—Èß™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈¥â“πÕà“«‰∑¬·≈–¥â“π
∑–‡≈Õ—π¥“¡—π´÷Ëߪ°§≈ÿ¡¥â«¬ªÉ“™“¬
‡≈π ‰¥â ¡’ π— ° «‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å À ≈“¬
∑”°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬√–∫∫𑇫»ªÉ“™“¬
‡≈π·≈⫇ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«“¡ ”§—≠·≈–
§ÿ≥§à“¢Õߪɓ™“¬‡≈π‰«âÀ≈“¬ª√–°“√
§◊ Õ çªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈πé ‡ªì π ‡ ¡◊ Õ π
ç∏𓧓√‰¡âé ‡æ◊ËÕπ”¡“„™â∑”øóπ∑”
∂à“π·≈–°“√°àÕ √â“ß; çªÉ“™“¬‡≈πé
‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ ç∫â“πé À√◊Õ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà¢Õß ‘Ëß∑’Ë
¡’™’«‘µπ“π“™π‘¥ ·≈–‡ªìπ·À≈àß√«¡
¢Õßæ√√≥‰¡â · ≈– — µ «å πÈ” π“π“™π‘ ¥
‚¥¬‡©æ“– — µ «å πÈ” ¬— ß „™â ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π
‡ªìπ∑’Ë«“߉¢à Õπÿ∫“≈µ—«ÕàÕπ·≈–∑’Ë
À≈∫¿—¬Õ’°¥â«¬; çªÉ“™“¬‡≈πé ‡ªìπ
‡ ¡◊Õπ ç§√—«é §◊Õ∑’ªË √ÿßÕ“À“√®”π«π
¡À“»“≈‚¥¬‰¥â®“°„∫‰¡â´“°‰¡â∑’Ë√à«ß
À≈à π ·µà ≈ –ªï · ≈– ≈“¬µ— « ‡ªì π ∏“µÿ
Õ“À“√ª√‘¡“≥¡“° ”À√—∫µâπ‰¡â·≈–
 —µ«åπÈ”π“π“™π‘¥‡æ◊ÕË °“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ;
çªÉ“™“¬‡≈πé ¬—߇ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ ç‚√ß
∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬é ∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–
≈ß∑ÿπµË”∫√‘‡«≥™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈ ‡π◊ËÕß
®“°æ√√≥æ◊™ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π™à«¬¥Ÿ¥´—∫
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π ∑√—欓°√™“¬Ωíòß∑’˧«√Õπÿ√—°…å

 ‘ßË ªØ‘°≈Ÿ µà“ßÊ ·≈–øÕ°πÈ”‡ ’¬„À⇪ìπ
πÈ” –Õ“¥ ·≈–ªÑÕß°—π°“√æ—ß∑≈“¬
¢Õߥ‘𙓬Ωíßò ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°≈—°…≥–摇»…
¢Õß√–∫∫√“°¢Õßæ√√≥‰¡â ¢ Õᦐ “
ª√–‡¿∑π’È ; ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π √â “ ߧ«“¡
 ¥™◊Ëπ·≈–Õ“°“»∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß™“¬Ωíòß
∑–‡≈ ¥—ßπ—Èπ çªÉ“™“¬‡≈πé ‡ª√’¬∫
‡ ¡◊Õπ ç‚√ßøÕ°Õ“°“»é ∑’Ë “¡“√∂
≈¥§“√å ∫ Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å ·≈–‡æ‘Ë ¡
ª√‘¡“≥ÕÕ°´‘‡®π„πÕ“°“»„Àâ ¥™◊Ëπ;
çªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈πé ‡ªì π ‡ ¡◊ Õ π ç‚√ß
欓∫“≈é ∑’Ë “¡“√∂„Àâ ¡ÿπ‰æ√°—∫
™ÿ¡™π™“¬Ωíßò ∑–‡≈; çªÉ“™“¬‡≈πé ‡ªìπ
‡ ¡◊Õπ ç°”·æß™“¬Ωíò ß ∑–‡≈é ∑’Ë
 “¡“√∂ªÑ Õ ß°— 𠥑 π æ— ß ∑≈“¬·≈–≈¡
擬ÿ∑’Ë√ÿπ·√߉¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ;
 ÿ¥∑⓬ çªÉ“™“¬‡≈πé ‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ
ç –æ“πé ∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ¡µàÕ√–À«à“ß∫°°—∫
∑–‡≈„π°“√ √â “ ß ¡¥ÿ ≈ ¢Õß√–∫∫
𑇫»™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈; ·≈–ª√–°“√ ”§—≠
´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫°—πÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß
§◊Õ çªÉ“™“¬‡≈πé ‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ çÕŸ¢à “â «
ÕŸà πÈ” é ¢Õß√“…Æ√∑’Ë Õ “»— ¬ ∫√‘ ‡ «≥
™“¬Ωíò ß ∑–‡≈·≈–æ◊È π ∑’Ë „ °≈â ‡ §’ ¬ ߇æ◊Ë Õ
°“√¥”√ß™’«µ‘ . ¥â«¬§«“¡ ”§—≠·≈–
§ÿ ≥ §à “ ¢Õᦐ “ ™“¬‡≈π¥— ß  √ÿ ª ¡“
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥æÕ®–°≈à“«‰¥â«à“ çªÉ“™“¬
‡≈πé ‡ªìπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘À√◊Õ
¢ÿ ¡ ∑√— æ ¬å ¢ Õß™“¬Ωíò ß ∑–‡≈Õ¬à “ ß
·∑â®√‘ß∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠µàÕ§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß
∑“ß —ߧ¡·≈–‡»√…∞°‘®¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
Õ¬à“ß¡À“»“≈.
æ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ™“¬‡≈π∂Ÿ°∑”≈“¬≈ß
¡“°Õ¬à“ßπà“‡ªìπÀà«ß
®“°Õ¥’µ Òı-Ú ªï∑’˺à“π¡“
 π‘∑ Õ—°…√·°â«
°“√∑”≈“¬ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬·≈–‡≈’Ȭ߰ÿâß
À“°¡’‡«≈“‰¡à¡“°π—°®–‰ª‡∑’ˬ«¥ŸªÉ“
™“¬‡≈π„°≈â ° √ÿ ß ‡∑æ¡À“π§√°Á
 “¡“√∂¥Ÿ‰¥â·∂«Ê ∫“ߢÿπ‡∑’¬π À√◊Õ
∫“ߪŸ  ¡ÿ∑√ª√“°“√ À√◊Õ§≈Õß‚§π
 ¡ÿ∑√ ß§√“¡ ·≈– ¡ÿ∑√ “§√. À“°
¡’‡«≈“¡“°·≈–Õ¬“°®–‡ÀÁπªÉ“™“¬‡≈π
Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å æ◊Èπ∑’Ë°«â“ߢ«“ß°ÁÕ“®®–
‡¥‘ π ∑“߉ª∑“ß¿“§µ–«— π ÕÕ°§◊ Õ
√–¬Õß ®—π∑∫ÿ√’ ·≈–µ√“¥. ªí®®ÿ∫—π
æ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ™“¬‡≈π∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“∑—ÈßÀ¡¥π’È
À≈“¬æ◊È π ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ∂Ÿ ° ∑”≈“¬·≈–‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π
 ¿“懪ì π π“°ÿâ ß ·≈–𓇰≈◊ Õ Õ¬à “ ß
¡“°¡“¬, ‰¡à«à“®–∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥®—π∑∫ÿ√’
√–¬Õß  ¡ÿ∑√ ß§√“¡  ¡ÿ∑√ “§√,
¬°‡«âπ®—ßÀ«—¥µ√“¥ ´÷Ë߬—ߧߡ’ªÉ“™“¬
‡≈πÕ¬ŸàÕ¬à“ߧàÕπ¢â“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å. À“°
‡¥‘π∑“ß≈߉ª∑“ß¿“§„µâΩíòßµ–«—πµ°
¢ÕßÕà “ «‰∑¬®“°ª√–®«∫§’ √’ ¢— π ∏å
™ÿ¡æ√  ÿ√“…Æ√å∏“π’ π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™
 ß¢≈“ ·≈–ªíµµ“π’ ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π∑’ˇ§¬
¡’ Õ ¬à “ ßÕÿ ¥ ¡ ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å , ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
∫√‘‡«≥∑’‡Ë √’¬°«à“ çÕà“«∫â“π¥Õπé ´÷ßË
§≈ÿ¡æ◊Èπ∑’˵—Èß·µà™ÿ¡æ√‰ª∂÷ßÕà“«¢πÕ¡
®—ßÀ«—¥π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™, ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’ªÉ“
¯ÒÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
™“¬‡≈π‡À≈◊ Õ Õ¬Ÿà µ‘ ¥ √‘ ¡ Ωíò ß ∑–‡≈‡ªì π
·π«·§∫Ê ª√–¡“≥ ı-Ò ‡¡µ√
‡∑à“π—Èπ πÕ°π—Èπ∂Ÿ°‡ª≈’Ë¬π ¿“æ‡ªìπ
π“°ÿâ߇°◊Õ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥. ª“°πÈ”®—ßÀ«—¥
π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™‡§¬¡’ªÉ“™“¬‡≈πÕÿ¥¡
 ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å ¢≥–π’È °Á ‡ À≈◊ Õ ‡æ’ ¬ ß√‘ ¡ Ωíò ß
∑–‡≈‡ªìπ·π«·§∫Ê ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ·≈–
 à«π„À≠à°Á‡ª≈’Ë¬π ¿“æ‰ª‡ªìππ“°ÿâß.
ªí µ µ“π’ · ≈– µŸ ≈ ¥Ÿ ‡ À¡◊ Õ π®–‡ªì π
®—ßÀ«—¥¥â“πµ–«—πµ°¢ÕßÕà“«‰∑¬∑’Ë¡’
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π§àÕπ¢â“ßÕÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥凡◊ËÕ
‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫®—ßÀ«—¥Õ◊Ëπ„π·∂∫π’È.
 ”À√—∫ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π∑’˧àÕπ¢â“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
·≈– «¬ß“¡ à«π„À≠à®–æ∫∑“ߥâ“π
™“¬Ωíò ß ∑–‡≈Õ— 𠥓¡— π §◊ Õ µ—È ß ·µà
®—ßÀ«—¥√–πÕß ≈߉ª∂÷ßæ—ßß“ °√–∫’Ë µ√—ß
·≈– µŸ ≈ ´÷Ë ß ¬— ß ‡ªì π ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π∑’Ë ¡’
µâπ‰¡â¢π“¥„À≠à¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà ‡™àπ ‚°ß°“ß
µ–∫Ÿ π ≈”æŸ ≈”·æπ · ¡, ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–µâπ‚°ß°“ß∑’Ë„À≠à∑’Ë ÿ¥ “¡“√∂
‰ª¥Ÿ‰¥â∑’Ë»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π ®—ßÀ«—¥
√–πÕß ´÷Ë߉¥â°”À𥇪ìπæ◊Èπ∑’Ë ™’«-
¡≈±≈ (biosphere) ¢Õ߬Ÿ‡π ‚°, ·≈–
‰¡âµ–∫Ÿπ¥”∑’„Ë À≠à∑ Ë’ ¥ÿ „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

°Á “¡“√∂¥Ÿ‰¥â∑’ËÕ”‡¿Õ≈–Õÿàπ ®—ßÀ«—¥ °“√∑”≈“¬ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π¡“°‡ªìπÕ—π¥—∫ ª√–¡“≥ Ò.Ù ≈â“π‰√à‡∑à“π—È𠇪ìπ

‡¥’¬«°—ππ’È. ·µà°“√∫ÿ°√ÿ°∑”≈“¬ªÉ“ ∑’Ë Û „π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§π’È, √Õß¡“®“°ª√–‡∑»  ¡∫—µ‘¢Õß à«π√«¡¢Õߪ√–™“™π∑—Èß
™“¬‡≈π„π®—ßÀ«—¥‡À≈à“π’È°Á¬—ßæ∫Õ¬Ÿà øî≈ª‘ ªîπ å·≈–‡«’¬¥π“¡. ¥—ßπ—πÈ Ò.Ù ª√–‡∑», °“√∑”≈“¬ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π´÷Ëß àß
‡ ¡Õ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√∫ÿ ° √ÿ ° ∑”π“°ÿâ ß ≈â“π‰√à¢Õߪɓ™“¬‡≈π∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π¢≥–π’È º≈‰ª Ÿà § «“¡ Ÿ ≠ ‡ ’ ¬ ∑√— æ ¬“°√·≈–
‡ªìπ à«π„À≠à ´÷Ëß¡’À≈—°∞“π∫àß∫Õ° ª√–™“™π∑ÿ ° §π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‡ªì π §ÿ≥§à“¡À“»“≈´÷Ë߉¥â°≈à“«¡“·≈â«¢â“ß
Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π „π®—ßÀ«—¥æ—ßß“·≈–°√–∫’Ë ‡®â “ ¢Õß §«√®–‰¥â √à « ¡¡◊ Õ ™à « ¬°— π µâ π ¬à Õ ¡¡’ º ≈°√–∑∫µà Õ ∑ÿ ° §π„π
‡ªìπµâπ. ª°ªÑÕßÕ¬à“ß·¢Áߢ—π¡‘„Àâ¡’°“√∫ÿ°√ÿ° √–¥—∫∑’˵à“ß°—π. ¢≥–π’Ȫɓ™“¬‡≈π¡’
®“°ªï ÚıÙ æ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ™“¬‡≈π ∑”≈“¬µàÕ‰ªÕ’°. æ◊Èπ∑’Ë®”°—¥¡“° À“°ª≈àÕ¬„ÀâªÉ“™“¬
¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‡§¬¡’ ∂÷ ß Ú.Û ≈â “ π‰√à ‡≈π∂Ÿ°∫ÿ°√ÿ°∑”≈“¬µàÕ‰ª„πÕ𓧵
·≈–∂Ÿ ° ∑”≈“¬≈¥≈ßµ≈Õ¥¡“‡ªì π ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π...§«√‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π °“√ Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß °Á‡™◊ËÕ‰¥â«à“ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π
≈”¥—∫. „πªï ÚıÒ¯ ‡À≈◊Õ Ò.˘ıÙ ªÑÕß°—πª≈Ÿ°øóôπøŸ·≈–Õπÿ√—°…å Õ“®®–À¡¥‰ª„π«—π„¥«—πÀπ÷Ëß. π—Ëπ
≈â“π‰√à. „πªï ÚıÚ˘, ÚıÛÙ ·≈– °—πÕ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß À¡“¬∂÷ß«à“ª√–‡∑»‰¥â Ÿ≠‡ ’¬ ¡∫—µ‘
ÚıÛˆ ¡’æ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ™“¬‡≈πª√–¡“≥ ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π´÷Ë ß ‡À≈◊ Õ Õ¬Ÿà ‡ æ’ ¬ ß Õ—π¡’§à“¡À“»“≈·≈–¬“°µàÕ°“√∑’Ë®–
Ò.ÚÚ˜, Ò.¯ˆ ·≈– Ò.ıÙ ≈â“π‰√à
µ“¡≈”¥—∫. ®“°°“√ ”√«®§√—ßÈ  ÿ¥∑⓬
æ∫«à“ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π¥â“πΩíßò ∑–‡≈Õ—π¥“¡—π
¡’°“√∫ÿ°√ÿ°∑”≈“¬§àÕπ¢â“ßπâÕ¬‡¡◊ËÕ
‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫Ωíòß∑–‡≈¥â“πÕà“«‰∑¬
·≈–ª√“°Ø«à“ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
‡À≈◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà‡æ’¬ßª√–¡“≥ Ò.Ù ≈â“π‰√à
‡∑à“π—Èπ. „πªï ÚıÛ˘ æ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ™“¬
‡≈π à « π„À≠à ∂Ÿ ° ∫ÿ ° √ÿ ° ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß
‰ª‡ªìπæ◊Èπ∑’Ëπ“°ÿâß. Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥
æ◊È π ∑’Ë π “°ÿâ ß ∑’Ë ¡’ Õ ¬Ÿà „ πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ∑—È ß À¡¥
ª√–¡“≥ Ù-ı · π‰√à ª√–¡“≥ Ú- °“√ª≈Ÿ°ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π∫√‘‡«≥π“°ÿâß√â“ß ‡æ◊ËÕøóôπøŸ∑√—欓°√ª√–¡ß™“¬Ωíòß
Û · π‰√à ‡ªìπæ◊Èπ∑’Ëπ“°ÿâß∑’Ë∫ÿ°√ÿ°ªÉ“
™“¬‡≈π‚¥¬º‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬. πÕ°®“°
π—Èπ ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π¬—ß∂Ÿ°‡ª≈’Ë¬π ¿“æ‰ª
‡ªìπ𓇰≈◊Õ ‡À¡◊Õß·√à ·À≈àß™ÿ¡™π
∑à“‡√◊Õ  ∂“π∑’√Ë “™°“√ ‡ªìπµâπ. ¥—ßπ—πÈ
slide A
®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“„πÕ¥’µ™à«ßª√–¡“≥ Û
°«à“ªï ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π‰¥â∂Ÿ°∫ÿ°√ÿ°∑”≈“¬
·≈–𔉪„™â ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ª√–‚¬™πå Õ ¬à “ ßÕ◊Ë π
ª√–¡“≥¡“°°«à“ √âÕ¬≈– ı ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë ‰ ¡à πà “ ®–‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‰¥â , ∑”„Àâ
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß‡ªìπª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’ °“√ √â“ß®‘µ ”π÷°„Àâ 燬“«™πé ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√øóôπøŸ·≈–Õπÿ√—°…åªÉ“™“¬‡≈π

ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π ∑√—欓°√™“¬Ωíòß∑’˧«√Õπÿ√—°…å
¯ÒÙ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

Õ¬à“ßÕ◊Ëπ´÷Ëß¡’§à“∑“߇»√…∞°‘® Ÿß°«à“
´÷ËßÕ—π∑’Ë®√‘ß·≈⫪ɓ™“¬‡≈π¡‘§«√¡Õß
‡©æ“–‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õ߉¡â ‡ ∑à “ π—È π . ∫“ß
slide C slide D ª√–‡∑»¡‘ ‰ ¥â „ ™â ª √–‚¬™πå ‰ ¡â ® “°ªÉ “
™“¬‡≈π·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ ®–Õπÿ√—°…剫â‡æ◊ËÕ
ª√–‚¬™πå∑“ߥâ“π‡æ‘Ë¡º≈º≈‘µª√–¡ß
çΩí°é ‰¡â‚°ß°“ßæ√âÕ¡∑’Ë®–√à«ßÀ≈àπ Ÿà¥‘π‡≈π·≈– ç¥Õ°é ¢Õ߉¡âΩ“¥¥Õ°·¥ß‡æ‘Ë¡ ’ √√§«“¡ «¬ß“¡ ™“¬Ωíòß, ªÑÕß°—π°“√æ—ß∑≈“¬™“¬Ωíòß,
ßÕ°‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µµàÕ‰ª ¢Õߪɓ™“¬‡≈π √— ° …“ ¡¥ÿ ≈ ™“¬Ωíò ß ·≈–‡ªì π ·À≈à ß
√«∫√«¡§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ,
´÷Ëß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“π’ȇªìπ§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π ∑’ˬ“°µàÕ°“√ª√–‡¡‘π‡ªìπ
µ—«‡ß‘πÀ√◊Õ§ÿ≥§à“∑“߇»√…∞°‘®‰¥â.
slide G slide H ª√–°“√∑’Ë Ú ‡πâπ°“√»÷°…“
«‘ ®— ¬ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ∑√— æ ¬“°√ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π
‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥§à“°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå„π∑ÿ°
≈”æŸ-≈”·æπ çµâπ‰¡à‡¥‘π‰¥âé „πªÉ“™“¬‡≈π ª≈“µ’π çª≈“‡¥‘π‰¥âé „πªÉ“™“¬‡≈π ¥â“π„Àâ°«â“ߢ«“߬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ, „Àâ¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈

øóπô øŸ„Àâ°≈—∫¡“‡À¡◊Õπ∏√√¡™“µ‘‰¥âÕ°’ . ª√–°“√∑’Ë Ò µâÕß„Àâª√–™“™π

§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢Õߪ√–™“™π∑ÿ°√–¥—∫ ∑ÿ ° √–¥— ∫ ¡’ ®‘ µ  ”π÷ ° À«ß·Àπ·≈–„Àâ
√«¡∑—È ß ¡“µ√°“√°“√ªÑ Õ ß°— π ·≈– §«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß∑√—欓°√ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π
Õπÿ√—°…åªÉ“™“¬‡≈π¢Õß√—∞ §«√®–‰¥â „Àâ¡“°. ∫ÿ§§≈À≈“¬æ«°À≈“¬°≈ÿà¡
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ∑”°—πÕ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß„À⇰‘¥‡ªìπ ¡Õߪɓ™“¬‡≈π·§à¡’‰¡â‡≈Á°Ê ´÷Ëß∑”
√Ÿª∏√√¡„π¥â“πªØ‘∫—µ‘‡ ’¬∑’ ¡‘©–π—Èπ°Á ª√–‚¬™πåπâÕ¬·≈–¡’§à“∑“߇»√…∞°‘®
Õ“®®– “¬‡°‘π‰ª ·≈–Õ“®®–‰¡à¡’ªÉ“ µË”‡∑à“π—Èπ, §«√®–π”¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå °“√»÷°…“∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õߪɓ™“¬‡≈π
™“¬‡≈π„Àâ≈°Ÿ À≈“π‰¥â‡ÀÁπÀ√◊ÕÕπÿ√°— …å
„πÕπ“§µÕ’°‡≈¬.
·π«ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑’ˇªìπ‰ª‰¥â‡æ◊ËÕ°“√
ªÑÕß°—π øóôπøŸ ·≈–Õπÿ√—°…åªÉ“
™“¬‡≈π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
°“√ªÑÕß°—π øóπô øŸ ·≈–Õπÿ√°— …媓É
™“¬‡≈π„À⇰‘¥º≈¥’Õ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘-
¿“æ ®–µâÕߥ”‡π‘π°“√„πÀ≈“¬¥â“π
Õ¬à“ß ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ·≈–µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß. ·π«
∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘ ”§—≠¡’ ˆ ª√–°“√ §◊Õ §«“¡ «¬ß“¡¢Õß√“°‰¡â‚°ß°“ß„πªÉ“™“¬‡≈π

 π‘∑ Õ—°…√·°â«
¯Òı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
∑ÿ°¥â“π‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥â“π«‘™“°“√„π
°“√ª≈Ÿ° øóπô øŸæπ◊È ∞“π°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå
·≈–∑”°“√Õπÿ√—°…å∑√—欓°√ªÉ“™“¬
‡≈πÕ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊πµàÕ‰ª. ¢≥–π’Èß“π
«‘ ®— ¬ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π‰¥â √— ∫ °“√
 π—∫ πÿπß∫ª√–¡“≥‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“°
∑—È ß „πª√–‡∑»‚¥¬‡©æ“– ”π— ° ß“π
°Õß∑ÿ π  π— ∫  πÿ π °“√«‘ ®— ¬ ( °«.)
·≈– ”π—°§≥–°√√¡°“√«‘®—¬·Ààß™“µ‘
·≈–®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑»Õ’°À≈“¬Õߧå°√.
ª√–°“√∑’Ë Û µâÕß¡’°“√º ¡
º “π·ºπ°“√®—¥°“√·≈–°“√ªÑÕß°—π
øóô π øŸ · ≈–Õπÿ √— ° …å ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π¢Õß
Àπ૬ߓπµà“ßÊ ¢Õß√—∞∑—Èß à«π°≈“ß
·≈–®—ßÀ«—¥, ‡Õ°™π ·≈–√«¡‰ª∂÷ß
ª√–™“™π„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡
‡¢â “ „®¡’ ° “√ª√– “πß“π·≈–¥”‡π‘ π
°“√„À⇰‘¥‡ªìπ√Ÿª∏√√¡∑’Ë™—¥‡®π. °“√
∑”·ºπ§«√°”Àπ¥∑—Èß√–¬– —Èπ √–¬–
°≈“ß ·≈–√–¬–¬“«„Àâ ™— ¥ ‡®π·≈–
ª√— ∫ „Àâ ‡ ªì π ·ºπªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ∑’Ë   “¡“√∂
¥”‡π‘π°“√‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ.
ª√–°“√∑’Ë Ù  à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ ·≈–
 π— ∫  πÿ π „Àâ ™ÿ ¡ ™π¡’  à « π√à « ¡·≈–¡’
®‘µ ”π÷°„π°“√ªÑÕß°—πøóôπøŸª≈Ÿ°ªÉ“
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π...∑√—欓°√™“¬Ωíòß∑’˧«√Õπÿ√—°…å
·≈–Õπÿ√—°…å„Àâ¡“°¢÷Èπ. °‘®°√√¡π’È¡’
§«“¡ ”§—≠Õ¬à“߬‘ßË ·≈–‰¥â¡∫’ ∑æ‘ ®Ÿ πå
„πÀ≈“¬æ◊πÈ ∑’®Ë “°À≈“¬ª√–‡∑»·≈â««à“
°“√ªÑ Õ ß°— π ·≈–øóô π øŸ ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π®–
 ”‡√Á®Õ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¡‘‰¥â À“°
¢“¥°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß™ÿ¡™π„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë.
„πÀ≈“¬®— ß À«— ¥ °“√Õπÿ √— ° …å ªÉ “ ™“¬
‡≈π‰¥âº≈¥’ ´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈¡“®“°§«“¡
µ—Èß„®°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß™ÿ¡™π ‡™àπ
®—ßÀ«—¥µ√—ß ‚¥¬¡’¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘À¬“¥Ωπ‡ªìπ
ºŸâ ª √– “π ·≈–„πÀ≈“¬æ◊È π ∑’Ë ´÷Ë ß ¡’
™¡√¡øóô π øŸ · ≈–Õπÿ √— ° …å ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π.
°“√∑”ß“π¥â“π°“√øóôπøŸ °“√ª≈Ÿ°
·≈–Õπÿ√—°…å∑√—欓°√ªÉ“™“¬‡≈πµâÕß
¡’°‘®°√√¡ à«π√à«¡√–À«à“ßÀπ૬ߓπ
¢Õß√—∞ ‡Õ°™π ·≈–™ÿ¡™π„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë„Àâ
¡“°¢÷Èπ.
ª√–°“√∑’Ë ı °“√„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬
∫—ߧ—∫‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ ·≈–
®–µâÕߥ”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß„À⇰‘¥
º≈‡ªìπ√Ÿª∏√√¡ √«¡∂÷ß°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß
·°â‰¢°ÆÀ¡“¬√–‡∫’¬∫µà“ßÊ „Àâ√¥— °ÿ¡
·≈–§«√‡æ‘Ë¡∫∑≈ß‚∑…„Àâ√ÿπ·√ß ‰¡à
«à“®–‡ªìπ‡√◊ÕË ß¢Õß°“√∑”‰¡âº¥‘ √–‡∫’¬∫
À√◊ Õ °“√„™â æ◊È π ∑’Ë ªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π‡æ◊Ë Õ
¯Òˆ
ª√–‚¬™πå ‰ ¡à µ √ß°— ∫ ∑’Ë Õ πÿ ≠ “µ·≈–
‡√◊ËÕßÕ◊ËπÊ, §«√„Àâ°“√ π—∫ πÿπ°”≈—ß
‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë·≈–Õÿª°√≥å„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π
√—°…“ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π„Àâ¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
‡°‘ ¥ °“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ Õ ¬à “ ß¡’ ª √– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ
·≈–‡ªì 𠉪µ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬ √–‡∫’ ¬ ∫
·≈–¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’.
ª√–°“√ ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬ §«√‡√à ß
®— ¥ °“√ª√–™“ — ¡ æ— π ∏å ‡ º¬·æ√à „ Àâ
§«“¡√Ÿâ·≈–„Àâ°“√»÷°…“µàÕ∫ÿ§§≈∑ÿ°
√–¥—∫Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡‡¢â“„®‡°’ˬ«°—∫ªÉ“™“¬
‡≈π∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕßÕ¬à“ß·∑â®√‘ß ´÷Ëß®– àߺ≈
„Àâ ¡’ ° “√„™â ª √–‚¬™πå ® “°∑√— æ ¬“°√
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈πÕ¬à“߇À¡“– ¡Õ¬à“߬—ßË ¬◊π,
·≈–¡‘„À⇰‘¥º≈‡ ’¬µàÕ√–∫∫𑇫»ªÉ“
™“¬‡≈π ·≈–√–∫∫𑇫»™“¬Ωíßò ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ
 ¡∫—µ‘¢Õß™“µ‘·≈–ª√–™“™π∑ÿ°§π
„π√–¬–¬“«µàÕ‰ª.  ÿ¥∑⓬¢ÕΩ“°
§”¢«—≠‡æ◊ËÕ‡µ◊Õπ„®„Àâ∑ÿ°§π™à«¬°—π
ªÑÕß°—πøóôπøŸ·≈–Õπÿ√—°…åªÉ“™“¬‡≈π
‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ çªÉ“™“¬‡≈πé ‡À≈◊Õ‰«â‡ªìπ
¡√¥°¢Õß™“µ‘·≈– ¡∫—µ¢‘ Õß≈Ÿ°À≈“π
„πÕ𓧵 ◊∫‰ª.
ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π ∑√—欓°√™“¬Ωíòß∑’˧«√Õπÿ√—°…å
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

Abstract Mangroves : Coastal Resources that Need to be Conserved

Sanit Aksornkoae
Associate Member, the Academy of Science, the Royal Institute, Thailand
Mangrove forests and their ecosystems are restricted to tidal areas of the tropical belt of the
world. In Thailand, mangroves occur on sheltered muddy shores and low-lying bogs of river and
stream estuaries along the banks of the Gulf of Thailand and on the west and east coasts of peninsu-
lar Thailand. The current extent of mangrove forests is approximately 1.05 million rais or 168,000
hectares (ha). Mangrove forests provide several essential resources and services and play a very
important role in the lives of the people and the economy of the country.
Mangroves are rich in biological diversity including many varieties of flora and fauna; these
living organisms consist of specialized plants and animal species well adapted to the unique condi-
tions of mangrove ecosystems. During the last decade, a considerable number of research papers
regarding the survey of flora and fauna of mangrove forests in Thailand have been published. More
than 70 species of plants, including trees, shrubs, palms, ferns, epiphytes and algae, can be found in
mangroves. Various kinds of fauna, including shrimps, fishes, crabs, molluscs, mammals, reptiles,
birds, insects and microorganisms, are also abundant in this ecosystem.
During the last two decades, mangrove forests in Thailand have been severely damaged either
intentionally or as a result of other activities. Bearing in mind that the most densely populated areas
of the country are in the coastal zone, this has led to an increased demand for food, fuel, resettle-
ment areas, building materials, urbanization and land for agriculture in mangrove ecosystems. Con-
version of mangrove forests to aquaculture (shrimp ponds) is the most important threat to man-
groves. It has been estimated that mangrove areas have decreased from 180,559 ha in 1989 to 167,582
ha in 1996. However, a survey in the year 2000 showed that the mangrove forest increased about
40,000 ha owing to a large-scale national rehabilitation program and strong public participation in
planting, protecting and conserving mangrove areas.
The Government of Thailand is aware of the important role of mangroves. There are many
important activities leading to a sustainable utilization and conservation of mangrove resources. To
date, four main activities to be developed and implemented immediately regarding the National
Mangrove Forest Policy are Research/applied knowledge; Restoration/protection; Awareness/educa-
tion; and Demonstration/sustainable management systems. However, public participation and law
enforcement are also crucial factors in mangrove conservation.
Key words : mangrove, coastal resource, conservation

çªÉ“™“¬‡≈π„Àâ°”‡π‘¥À≈“¬™’«‘µ ‚ª√¥Õ¬à“§‘¥∑”≈“¬é

 π‘∑ Õ—°…√·°â«
¯Ò˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

§«“¡√—°*  π—πË ‰™¬“πÿ°≈ÿ

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ—π·∑â®√‘ß ·≈–§«“¡¬‘Ëß„À≠à¢Õߧ«“¡√—°π—È𬓰∑’Ë®–‡¢â“„®. ¡—π‡ªì𧫓¡√⟠÷°À√◊ÕÕ“√¡≥åÕ—π

∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï·≈–≈È”≈÷° ≈–‡Õ’¬¥ÕàÕπ¡“° ¬“°∑’Ë®–√–∫“¬ÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπ¿“…“查‰¥â. ºâŸ¡’§«“¡√—°‡∑à“π—Èπ “¡“√∂™‘¡√ √—°‰¥â
¥â«¬µ—«‡¢“‡Õß.
·∑â∑’Ë®√‘ß·≈â« §«“¡√—°‡ªìπÕ’°™◊ËÕÀπ÷ËߢÕßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“. °“√∑’Ë®–æ√√≥𓧫“¡¬‘Ëß„À≠à¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“‡¢â“
¡“ àŸ¡‘µ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å∑—Ë«‰ªπ—È𠇪ìπ‰ª‰¡à‰¥â‡≈¬.
∑ÿ°Ê §πª√“√∂𓧫“¡ ÿ¢ ·≈–§«“¡ ÿ¢°Á‡ªìπº≈¡“®“°∑’Ë„® ß∫. §«“¡ ß∫·≈–§«“¡ ÿ¢¬àÕ¡¡’‰¥â‚¥¬
∏√√¡™“µ‘·Ààߧ«“¡√—°. ‡¡◊ËÕ„¥°Áµ“¡∑’˧«“¡√—°À“¬ÕÕ°‰ª®“°„® ‡¡◊ËÕπ—È𠧫“¡∑ÿ°¢å §«“¡‡»√â“‚»° §«“¡À¥ÀàŸ
§«“¡°√–«π°√–«“¬°Á‡¢â“¡“ àŸ„®; §«“¡‡¢â“„®º‘¥´÷Ë߇ªìπµ—«‡Àµÿ„À⇰‘¥∑–‡≈“–«‘«“∑ ‡æ√“–¢“¥§«“¡√—°¬àÕ¡‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
„π§√Õ∫§√—« „π∫â“π „πª√–‡∑» ·≈–√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑».
∑’ˉÀπ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√—° ∑’Ëπ—Èπ¬àÕ¡¡’™’«‘µÕ—π ¥™◊Ëπ·®à¡„  ‡∫‘°∫“π„®. ∑’ˉÀπ∑’ˉ¡à¡’§«“¡√—° ™’«‘µ°Á‡À’ˬ«·Àâ߉√â§ÿ≥§à“.
®√‘ßÊ ·≈â« §π‰¡à„™à§π∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß ‡«âπ‡ ’¬·µà«à“ ‡¢“¡’ª√–°“¬·Ààߧ«“¡√—°¢Õß «√√§åÕ¬àŸ¿“¬„πµ—«‡¢“. æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“
„π√Ÿª·∫∫·Ààߧ«“¡√—° ¬àÕ¡ª√–∑—∫Õ¬àŸ„π¿“¬„π„®¢Õߧπ∑ÿ°Ê §π. ∫ÿ§§≈ºâŸ‰¡à¡’§«“¡√—°Õ¬àŸ„πÀ—«„® ¬“°®–‡√’¬°
‡¢“ºâŸπ—Èπ«à“‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å.
§«“¡√—°¡’ Ú ª√–‡¿∑. §«“¡√—°ª√–‡¿∑Àπ÷ßË ‡ªì𧫓¡√—°∑“ß‚≈°·≈–§π √â“ߢ÷πÈ ·≈–§«“¡√—°Õ’°ª√–‡¿∑Àπ÷ßË
‡ªì𧫓¡√—°∑“ß®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥ À√◊Õ§«“¡√—°·Ààß «√√§å.
§«“¡√—°∑“ß‚≈° ‡ªì𧫓¡√—°¢Õߧπ‚≈°ºâŸ¬÷¥µ‘¥Õ¬àŸ°—∫‚≈° ·≈– ‘ËߢÕßÊ ‚≈°.
§«“¡√—°∑“ß®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥À√◊Õ§«“¡√—°·Ààß «√√§å ‡ªì𧫓¡√—°¢Õߺ⟿—°¥’·¥àæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“, ·≈–§«“¡√—°·∫∫π’È
 √â“ߧ«“¡ —¡æ—π∏åÕ—π∂“«√°—∫æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“‰ªµ≈Õ¥.
°“√∑’Ë®–‡¢â“„®§«“¡√—°„Àâ≈È”≈÷°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ®–µâÕß»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫√–À«à“ߧ«“¡√—°°—∫§«“¡„§√à, §«“¡√—°°—∫
§«“¡ß“¡, §«“¡√—°°—∫§«“¡¬÷¥µ‘¥, §«“¡√—°°—∫§«“¡√⟠·≈–§«“¡√—°°—∫§«“¡‰¡à¬÷¥µ‘¥.
§«“¡√—°°—∫§«“¡„§√àÀ√◊Õ§«“¡Õ¬“°∑“߇π◊ÕÈ Àπ—ß¡—ß “π—πÈ ‡ªìπ ‘ßË ∑’·Ë µ°µà“ß°—π¡“° Àà“߉°≈°—π‡À¡◊ÕπøÑ“°—∫¥‘π.
§«“¡„§√à‡ªì𧫓¡Õ¬“°‰¥â‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·°àµ—« ‡æ◊ËÕª≈¥‡ª≈◊ÈÕߧ«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õßµ—«‡Õß. ·µà§«“¡√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß ¡àÿß
∑’Ë®–„À⧫“¡ ÿ¢ §«“¡ –¥«° ∫“¬·°àºâŸ∑’˵π√—°.
§«“¡√—°°—∫§«“¡ß“¡ §«“¡ß¥ß“¡∑“ß√à“ß°“¬¬àÕ¡‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ªµ“¡°“≈‡«≈“·≈–‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ≈“¬≈ß„π∑’Ë ÿ¥.
·µà§«“¡√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ßπ—Èπ‡ªìπÕ¡µ–‰¡à‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ªµ“¡‡«≈“ ·≈–‰¡à‡§¬‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ≈“¬‰ªµ“¡°“≈‡«≈“.

*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ˆ °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å æ.». ÚıÙı

§«“¡√—°
¯Ò¯
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

§«“¡√—°°—∫§«“¡¬÷¥µ‘¥ ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π‚¥¬ ‘Èπ‡™‘ß. „𧫓¡¬÷¥µ‘¥π—Èπ ¡’§«“¡√⟠÷°¢Õߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπ·°à

µ—«Õ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß. ·µà„𧫓¡√—°π—Èπ∫ÿ§§≈¡Õ߇ÀÁπ∑ÿ° ‘Ëß∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ߥ⫬ “¬µ“‡¥’¬« §◊Õ ‡ÀÁπ¡πÿ…¬å‡ªìπÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—π
‡¢“¬àÕ¡√—° ‘Ëß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‡À¡◊ÕπÊ °—π.
§«“¡√—°°—∫§«“¡√⟇ªìπ Ú  ‘Ëß∑’˵à“ß°—π‡À¡◊Õπ¥”°—∫¢“«. §«“¡√⟺Ÿ°µ‘¥Õ¬àŸ°—∫§«“¡§‘¥¢Õߧπ ·≈–∏√√¡™“µ‘
¢Õß¡—π°Á¥‘Èπ√π«àÿπ«“¬Õ¬àŸµ≈Õ¥ ‰¡à‡§¬À¬ÿ¥π‘Ë߇≈¬. ¡—π‡ªì𧫓¡¥‘Èπ√π‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·°àµ—«ΩÉ“¬‡¥’¬«  à«π§«“¡√—°
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°À—«„® ºŸ°µ‘¥Õ¬àŸ°—∫°√–· „π¿“¬„π´÷Ë߇°‘¥¡“®“° ∂“π∑’Ë∑’˧«“¡√—°·≈–§«“¡¿—°¥’ª√–∑—∫Õ¬àŸ.
§«“¡√—°°—∫§«“¡‰¡à¬¥÷ µ‘¥‡ªìπ§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ∑‘ ‰’Ë ¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π.§«“¡‰¡à¬¥÷ µ‘¥·≈–§«“¡√—°∑’·Ë ∑â®√‘ßπ—πÈ ‡ªìπÕ—π‡¥’¬«°—π
µà“ß°—π‚¥¬™◊ËÕ‡∑à“π—Èπ.
§” ”§—≠ : §«“¡√—°

°“√∑’®Ë –‡¢â“„®§«“¡√—°π—πÈ ‰¡àß“à ¬ §«“¡√—°, ‡æ√“–§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘ §◊Õ §«“¡ æ∫æ√–Õß§å „ π¿“¬„π§π∑ÿ ° Ê §π

‡æ√“–∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ—π·∑â®√‘ß·≈–§«“¡
¬‘Ëß„À≠à¢Õߧ«“¡√—°π—Èπ ‰¡à “¡“√∂
∫√√¬“¬ÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπ§”查‰¥â ¡—π‡ªìπ
§«“¡√⟠÷°À√◊ÕÕ“√¡≥å∑’Ë∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï ·≈–
≈–‡Õ’¬¥ÕàÕπ¡“°¬“°∑’Ë®–√–∫“¬ÕÕ°
¡“‡ªìπ≈—°…≥–∑à“∑“ß·≈–¿“…“查‰¥â.
ºâŸ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√—°¬àÕ¡√Ÿâ‰¥â‚¥¬°“√ —¡º—  «‘«“∑ Õ—π‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¡à«à“„π§√Õ∫§√—«„π
¥â«¬µπ‡Õ߇∑à“π—Èπ ‡æ√“–‡°‘𧫓¡
 “¡“√∂¢Õß™‘ « À“À√◊ Õ ª“°°“∑’Ë ® –
æ√√≥π“≈—°…≥–§«“¡√—°π—Èπ‰¥â.
®√‘ßÊ ·≈â« §«“¡√—°‡ªìπ™◊ÕË Õ’°™◊ÕË
Àπ÷Ëß ”À√—∫æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“ Õ¬à“ß∑’˧—¡¿’√å
‰∫‡∫‘≈‰¥â°≈à“«‰«â«à“ God is love
À¡“¬∂÷ß æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“ §◊Õ §«“¡√—°,
·≈–§«“¡√—° §◊Õ æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“. °“√
∑’Ë®–‡Õ“§«“¡¬‘Ëß„À≠à¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“
≈ß¡“ àŸ¡‘µ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å∏√√¡¥“π—È𠇪ìπ
‰ª‰¡à‰¥â‡≈¬„π°“√∑’®Ë –æ√√≥𓧫“¡
ߥߓ¡µ√–°“√µ“¢Õߧ«“¡√—°„π¿“…“
¡πÿ…¬å‰¥â.
§π∑ÿ°§π¡’§«“¡ª√“√∂π“∑’®Ë –¡’
§«“¡ ÿ¢ ·≈–§«“¡ ÿ¢°Á§◊Õº≈∑’Ë„®¡’
 ¡“∏‘ À√◊Õ„®¡’Õ“√¡≥凪ìπ‡Õ°—§§µ“.
∑√— æ ¬å   ¡∫— µ‘ ¢ Õß ¡“∏‘ · ≈–§«“¡ ÿ ¢
¢Õß„®π—πÈ ‡√“ “¡“√∂®–‰¥â¡“‚¥¬∑“ß
 ß∫ §«“¡ ÿ¢ ·≈–§«“¡ «à“ߢÕß„®
¬àÕ¡¡’‰¥â°Á‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘·Ààߧ«“¡√—°.
‡¡◊ËÕ„¥°Áµ“¡∑’˧«“¡√—°À“¬‰ª ‡¡◊ËÕπ—Èπ
∑ÿ° ‘ßË ∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß¿“¬„π‚≈°¬àÕ¡µ°Õ¬à„Ÿ π
§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å §«“¡‡¥◊Õ¥√âÕπ ·≈–§«“¡
‡¢â“„®º‘¥ ´÷ßË ‡ªìπµâπ‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√∑–‡≈“–
∫â “ π „πª√–‡∑» √–À«à “ ߪ√–‡∑»
·≈–¿“¬„𙓵‘‡¥’¬«°—π, ¥—ߪ√“°Ø
Õ¬àŸ∑—Ë«‰ª„π‚≈°·≈–„𙓵‘∑ÿ°«—ππ’È.
æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“À√◊Õ§«“¡√—° ¬àÕ¡
‡ÀÁπ √√æ —µ«å‡ªìπÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—π ‰¡à¡’
„§√¥’ ‰¡à¡’„§√‡≈«. „πæ√–‡πµ√¢Õß
æ√–Õߧå·≈â« ‰¡à¡‡’ ™◊ÕÈ ™“µ‘ ‰¡à¡‡’ ºà“æ—π∏åÿ
‰¡à¡’≈—∑∏‘»“ π“. ∑ÿ°§π‡ªìπ≈Ÿ°¢Õß
æ√–Õß§å „§√°Áµ“¡∑’ˇ¢â“„®§«“¡®√‘ß
Õ—ππ’È ‡¢“ºâŸπ—Èπ‰¡à “¡“√∂∑’Ë®–‡°≈’¬¥
™— ß §π„¥§πÀπ÷Ë ß ‰¥â ¥— ß ∑’Ë æ √–‡¬´Ÿ
°≈à“««à“ ç®ß√—°´÷Ëß°—π·≈–°—πé. ‡√“
§ß≈◊ ¡ §«“¡À¡“¬Õ— π ·∑â ® √‘ ß ¢Õߧ”
°≈à“«π’È ‡√“ “¡“√∂®–√—°°—π·≈–°—π‰¥â
°ÁµàÕ‡¡◊ËÕ‡√“‡ÀÁπæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“Õ¬àŸ„πµ—«
‡√“∑ÿ°§π ‡√“®÷ß®–√—°´÷Ëß°—π·≈–°—π
‡√“‰¡à‰¥â√—°∫ÿ§§≈ ·µà‡√“√—°æ√–‡ªìπ
‡®â“¿“¬„πµ—«‡√“·µà≈–§π. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡√“
ªí≠À“‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¡ Ÿß§«“¡µË”°Á‰¡à‡°‘¥
¢÷πÈ , ªí≠À“‡√◊ÕË ßµ—«°Ÿ¢Õß°Ÿ°‰Á ¡à‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ,
ªí≠À“‡√◊ÕË ß§«“¡‚°√∏·§âπ°Á‰¡à‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ .
¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√∑’Ë®–„Àâ¡’§«“¡√—°´÷Ëß°—π
·≈–°—π‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π —ߧ¡ ‡√“®–µâÕß¡’
§«“¡√—°¥—ß°≈à“«π—Èπ §◊Õ√—°æ√–‡ªìπ
‡®â“´÷Ëߪ√–∑—∫Õ¬Ÿà„π¿“¬„π‡√“, ·≈–
‡√“°Á®–æ∫«à“ ‡√“∑ÿ°§π‡ªìπ≈Ÿ°¢Õß
æ√–∫‘¥“Õߧ凥’¬«°—π. „π§—¡¿’√‰å ∫‡∫‘≈
æ√–‡¬´Ÿµ√— «à“
ç∑à“π§ß®–‰¥â¬‘π§”查∑’Ë°≈à“«
 ◊∫Ê °—π¡“·µà°Õà π«à“ ∑à“π®ß√—°‡æ◊ÕË π
∫â“π¢Õß∑à“π ·≈–®ß‡°≈’¬¥»—µ√Ÿ¢Õß
∑à “ π, ·µà ¢â “ 懮⠓ ®–æŸ ¥ °— ∫ ‡®â “ «à “
®ß√—°»—µ√Ÿ¢Õ߇®â“ ®ß„Àâæ√·°à»—µ√Ÿ
¢Õ߇®â“ ·°ààºâŸ “ª·™à߇®â“ ®ß∑”§«“¡
¥’·°à‡¢“ºâŸ®ß‡°≈’¬¥®ß™—߇®â“ ·≈–®ß
 «¥Õâ Õ π«Õπ„Àâ æ √–‡ªì π ‡®â “ ∑√ß
ª√–∑“πæ√·°àæ«°‡¢“ ºâŸ¥à“«à“‡®â“
·≈–√∫°«π‡®â“é.
§«“¡√—°¡’Õ¬àŸ ≥ ∑’Ë„¥ ™’«‘µ°Á¡’
§«“¡ ¥™◊Ëπ ≥ ∑’Ëπ—Èπ. ∑’Ë∑’˧«“¡√—°
 Ÿ≠ ‘Èπ‰ª ™’«‘µ ≥ ∑’Ëπ—Èπ°Á‰√â§à“. ®√‘ßÊ
·≈â« §π∏√√¡¥“∑—Ë«‰ª¬àÕ¡‰¡à‡ªìπ§π
∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘߉¥â ‡«âπ‡ ’¬·µà«à“

 π—πË ‰™¬“πÿ°≈ÿ
¯Ò˘
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
‡¢“ºâŸπ—Èπ¡’ª√–°“¬· ß·Ààߧ«“¡√—°
·Ààß «√√§åª√“°ØÕ¬à„Ÿ π¿“¬ „πµ—«‡¢“.
æ√–‡ªì π ‡®â “ „π√Ÿ ª ·∫∫·Àà ß §«“¡√— °
¬àÕ¡ª√–∑—∫Õ¬àŸ„π§π∑ÿ°Ê §π ∫ÿ§§≈
∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ºâŸ¡’π—¬π嵓՗π‡ªî¥·≈â« §◊Õ
‡ÀÁπ§π∑ÿ°Ê §π«à“‡ªìπª√“°Ø°“√≥å
¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“ ‡À¡◊Õπª√“°Ø°“√≥å
¢Õß· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å À√◊Õ‡À¡◊Õπ≈Ÿ°§≈◊Ëπ
„π¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√. ‡¢“ºâŸ‡ÀÁπ‡™àππ—Èπ‡∑à“
π—È π ¬à Õ ¡√⟠«à “ ª√–°“¬·Àà ß §«“¡√— °
Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’ˉ¥â∑”„Àâæ«°‡¢“
‡°‘¥¡“‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å‰¥â. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡¢“‰¥â√âŸ
·®âßÕ¬à“ßπ’È·≈â« „§√‡≈à“®– Ÿß„§√‡≈à“
®–µË” À√◊Õ§π¬àÕ¡¥”√ßÕ¬à„Ÿ πµ”·Àπàß
À√◊Õ∞“π–µà“ßÊ ¢Õß™’«‘µ·≈–Õ¬àŸ„π
ª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ. ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥π’ȧπ °Á§◊Õ§π
ºŸâ‡ªìπ≈Ÿ°¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“ ¬àÕ¡‡ÀÁπ
‡ªìπÀπ÷Ë߇¥’¬«°—π„𠓬æ√–‡πµ√¢Õß
æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“, §«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π¢Õß
«√√≥– ‡™◊ÈÕ™“µ‘ ª√–‡∑» À√◊Õ≈—∑∏‘
»“ π“ ‰¡à¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥.
 ”À√—∫∫ÿ§§≈ºâŸ¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘·Ààߧ«“¡
√—° ‡¢“¬àÕ¡√Ÿ«â “à „π «√√§å¡æ’ √–‡ªìπ‡®â“
Àπ÷Ë߇¥’¬« „πæ◊Èπ‚≈°¡’§√Õ∫§√—«‡¥’¬«
§◊Õ §√Õ∫§√—«¡πÿ…¬å.
¡’ π— ° ª√“™≠å ™ “«‡ªÕ√å ‡ ´’ ¬ ™◊Ë Õ
‡¡“≈π“√Ÿ¡ °≈à“«‰«â«à“
ç°√–· §«“¡√—°®“°æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“
ºâŸÀπ÷Ë߇¥’¬«‡∑à“π—Èπ ‰À≈ºà“π‰ª∑—Ë«
 “°≈æ‘ ¿ æ ‡¡◊Ë Õ ∑à “ π‡ÀÁ π Àπâ “ ¢Õß
∫ÿ§§≈§πÀπ÷Ëß ∑à“π§‘¥Õ–‰√À√◊Õ∑à“π
¡ÕߥŸ‡¢“ºâŸπ—Èπ«à“‰¡à„™à§πÊ Àπ÷ËßÀ√◊Õ
·µà‡¢“ºâŸπ—Èπ‡ªìπ°√–· ∏“√·Ààß·°àπ
·∑â¢Õߧ«“¡√—° (æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“) ´÷Ëß
°√–· ·Ààߧ«“¡√—°π—Èπ·∑√°´÷¡·≈–
´÷¡´“∫Õ¬àŸ„πµ—«‡¢“ºâŸπ—Èπé.
§«“¡√—°π—Èπ ¡—π‡ªìπµ—«¢Õß¡—π
‡Õß ‰¡à‰¥â¢÷ÈπÕ¬àŸÀ√◊ÕÕ“»—¬ ‘ËßÀπ÷Ëß ‘Ëß
„¥‡≈¬, ¡—π‡ªìπ¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√·Ààß»√—∑∏“
‡ªì𧫓¡·¢Áß·°√àß ·≈–‡ªìπæ≈—ß·Ààß
§«“¡Õ¥∑π, ¡—π∂à“¬∑Õ¥§«“¡ ¥™◊Ëπ
§«“¡‡¬Áπ ·≈–§«“¡ ß∫ àŸÀ—«„®·≈– àŸ
™’«µ‘ ¢Õߺ⡟ §’ «“¡√—°. §«“¡√—°ª√–°Õ∫
¥â«¬§ÿ≥§à“Õ—π Ÿß àß·≈–·∑â®√‘ß ‡ªìπ
Õ¡µ–  ‘Ëßµà“ßÊ „π‚≈°ª√“°Ø«à“ «¬
 ¥ß¥ß“¡°ÁµàÕ‡¡◊ËÕ¡—π¡’§«“¡√—°Õ¬Ÿà„π
À—«„®‡∑à“π—Èπ. ‚¥¬°√–· ∏“√·Ààß
§«“¡√—° ∫√√¬“°“»∑—ÈßÀ¡¥®÷߇µÁ¡
‡ªïò¬¡‰ª¥â«¬§«“¡ ÿ¢·≈–§«“¡‡æ≈‘¥
‡æ≈‘π. ª√–°“¬· ß «à“ߢÕßæ√–‡ªìπ
‡®â“¬àÕ¡‡ÀÁπ‰¥â„𧫓¡√—°π—Èπ‡∑à“π—Èπ.
§«“¡√—°‡ªìπ¢ÿ¡∑√—æ¬åÕπ— ¬‘ßË „À≠à
·≈– ßà“ß“¡∑’Ë ÿ¥„π∫√√¥“¢ÿ¡∑√—æ¬å
∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬, ª√“»®“°§«“¡√—°‡ ’¬·≈â«
∑ÿ °  ‘Ë ß ∑ÿ ° Õ¬à “ ß≈â « π‡À’Ë ¬ «·Àâ ß ‰¡à ¡’
Õ–‰√‡≈¬ ‡æ√“–∑ÿ° ‘Ëß∑ÿ°Õ¬à“߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ
‰¥â°Á¥â«¬§«“¡√—°. ‡¢“ºâŸ∑’ˉ¡à¡’§«“¡
√—°Õ¬àŸ„πÀ—«„® ‰¡à§«√‡√’¬°ºâŸπ—Èπ«à“
¡πÿ…¬å‡≈¬.
π—°ª√“™≠å¢Õ߉∑¬§πÀπ÷Ëߧ◊Õ
 ÿπ∑√¿àŸ ∑à“π°≈à“««à“
∂÷ߡ⫬¥‘π ‘ÈπøÑ“¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√ ‰¡à
 ‘Èπ ÿ¥§«“¡√—° ¡—§√ ¡“π
·¡âπ‡°‘¥„π„µâÀ≈â“ ÿ∏“∏“√ ¢Õ
æ∫æ“πæ‘»«“ ¡‘§≈“¥§≈“¬.
§«“¡√— ° ¡’ Ú ª√–‡¿∑ §◊ Õ
§«“¡√—°∑“ß®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥ ·≈– §«“¡
√—°∑“ß‚≈°
§«“¡√— ° ∑“ß®‘ µ «‘ ≠ ≠“≥‡ªì π
§«“¡√—°¢Õß «√√§åÀ√◊Õ¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ
‡®â“ ·µà§«“¡√—°∑“ß‚≈°‡ªì𧫓¡√—°
∑’˧π‡ªìπºâŸ∑”¢÷Èπ¡“ ‡ªì𧫓¡√—°¢Õß
¯Ú
§π∑’¬Ë ¥÷ µ‘¥Õ¬à°Ÿ ∫— ‚≈°·≈–«—µ∂ÿ¢Õß ‚≈°.
 à « 𧫓¡√— ° ¢Õß®‘ µ «‘ ≠ ≠“≥‡ªì π
§«“¡√— ° ¢Õߺ⟠¿— ° ¥’ ¢ Õßæ√–‡ªì π ‡®â “
§«“¡√—° √â“ߧ«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡Õ—π∂“«√°—∫
æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“µ≈Õ¥‰ª.
§«“¡√— ° ∑“ß‚≈°À√◊ Õ ∑“ß«— µ ∂ÿ
π—Èπ¡’ Ú ·∫∫. §«“¡√—°·∫∫·√°‡ªìπ
§«“¡√— ° ∑’Ë ¡’ ° “√°√–∑”æ‘ ‡ »…∫“ß
Õ¬à “ ßÀ√◊ Õ §ÿ ≥  ¡∫— µ‘ ∫ “ßÕ¬à “ ßÀ√◊ Õ
‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∫“ßÕ¬à“ß Õ—π —¡æ—π∏å°—∫
 ‘Ë ß ¢ÕßÀ√◊ Õ ∫ÿ § §≈Õ— 𠇪ì π ‡Àµÿ °à Õ „Àâ
‡°‘¥§«“¡√—°¢÷Èπ¡“ ‡™àπ ∫ÿ§§≈§πÀπ÷Ëß
‡ªìππ—°»‘≈ªîπ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡™”π“≠„π°“√
«“¥¿“æ, ºâπŸ ¬‘ ¡„π∑“ß¿“懢’¬π¬àÕ¡
Õ“®®–√—°»‘≈ªîπºâŸπ—Èπ ‡æ√“–√ π‘¬¡
µ√ß°—π, À√◊Õπ—°ª√–æ—π∏å∫“ß∑à“π∑’Ë
 “¡“√∂‡¢’¬π‡√◊ËÕß√“«æ√√≥𓧫“¡
‰¥â¥’ ºâŸ¡’√ π‘¬¡Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—πÕ“®®–
√—°∫ÿ§§≈¥—ß°≈à“« ‡æ√“–§«“¡√—°µ—Èß
Õ¬àŸ∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π‡¥’¬«°—π. ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ®ÿ¥
ª√– ß§å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√π—Èπ ‘Èπ ÿ¥≈ß §«“¡
√—°¢Õ߇¢“ ‡æ◊ËÕ»‘≈ªîπ¢ÕߧπÊ π—Èπ°Á
¬àÕ¡ ‘Èπ ÿ¥≈߉ª¥â«¬. π’È· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ
«à“ §«“¡√—°¢Õ߇¢“ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬∏√√¡-
™“µ‘·Ààߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπ·°àµ—« ‰¡à„™à‡æ◊ËÕºâŸ
‡¢’¬π¿“æÀ√◊պ⟪√–æ—π∏å.
∫“ߧπÕ“®√— ° ¿√√¬“¢Õ߇¢“
‡æ’¬ß‡æ◊ËÕª≈¥‡ª≈◊ÈÕß„Àâ ”‡√Á®§«“¡
„§√à¢Õßµπ; ‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡„§√ॗ߰≈à“« ¡
ª√– ß§å · ≈â « §«“¡√— ° ¢Õ߇¢“‡æ◊Ë Õ
°“√π—Èπ°Á ‘Èπ ÿ¥≈ß. §«“¡√—°·∫∫π’È
‡ªì𧫓¡√—°‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·°àµ—«‡ªìπ
§«“¡√—°·∫∫ —µ«å ‡æ√“–§«“¡√—°‡°‘¥
®“°§«“¡°√–µâÿπ¢ÕßÕ«—¬«–‡æ». ¥—ß
π—πÈ §«“¡√—°‡™àππ—πÈ ‰¡à„™à√°— ‡æ◊ÕË ¿√√¬“
À√◊Õ “¡’.
§«“¡√—°

„π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π ∂ⓧπ„™â„π
∫â“π¢Õ߇√“∑”ß“π„Àâ·°à‡√“‚¥¬§«“¡
‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬ ‡™◊ËÕøíߧ” —ËߢÕ߇√“ºâŸ‡ªìπ
‡®â“¢Õß∫â“π ‡√“°Á√—°§π„™â§ππ—Èπ. ·µà
‡¡◊ÕË „¥∑’‡Ë ¢“∑”ß“π„Àâ·°à‡√“‰¡à‰¥â À√◊Õ
¥◊ÈÕ¥â“π‰¡à‡™◊ËÕøíߧ” —Ëß ‡√“°Á‡≈‘°®â“ß
·≈–‡°≈’¬¥™—߇¢“∑—π∑’. §«“¡√—°∑’Ë
‡√“¡’µàÕ§π„™âπ—Èπ ‰¡à„™à‡æ◊ËÕ‡¢“ºâŸπ—Èπ
·µà‡æ◊ÕË °“√ß“π∑’‡Ë ¢“∑”„Àâ·°à‡√“.
∫ÿ§§≈§πÀπ÷Ëß ‡ªìππ—°√âÕß∑’Ë¥’
·≈–‡ ’¬ß‰æ‡√“– ∑—ÈßÀπ⓵“°Á «¬ ¥
ߥߓ¡, ∫“ߧπ∑’Ë™Õ∫¥πµ√’À√◊Õ™Õ∫
‡æ≈ßÕ“®®–√—°π—°√âÕߧππ—Èπ. ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ
‡ ’ ¬ ßÕ— π ‰æ‡√“–¢Õ߇¢“¡’ Õ— 𠇪ì 𠉪
¥â«¬‡Àµÿ„¥‡ÀµÿÀπ÷Ëß ‡¢“‰¡à “¡“√∂
√âÕ߇æ≈߉¥â §«“¡√—°¢Õ߇¢“ºâŸπ—Èπ∑’Ë¡’
µàÕπ—°√âÕß°Á ‘Èπ ÿ¥≈ß. §«“¡√—°¥—ß
°≈à “ «¡“‡ªì π µâ π π’È ‡ ªì 𠧫“¡√— ° ¢Õß
§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·°àµ—« ‰¡à„™à§«“¡√—°·∑â.
§«“¡√—°∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“π’ȇªì𧫓¡√—°
·∫∫∑’Ë ÕߢÕߧ«“¡√—°∑“ß‚≈° ´÷Ëß
‰¡à‰¥â¢πÈ÷ լట ∫— ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å„¥‡Àµÿ°“√≥å
Àπ÷Ëß À√◊Õ°“√°√–∑”Õ—πÀπ÷ËßÕ—π„¥
À√◊Õ§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘Àπ÷Ëߧÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„¥ ·≈–
§«“¡√—°π’ȉ¡à‰¥â Ÿ≠ ‘Èπ‰ª°—∫¥â«¬‡Àµÿ
°“√≥åÀ√◊Õ°“√°√–∑”À√◊Õ§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘
Àπ÷Ëߧÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„¥‚¥¬‡©æ“–. §«“¡
√—°·∫∫∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â Ÿ≠ ‘Èπ‰ª §«“¡√—°π’È
¬àÕ¡‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ∑—π∑’∑—π„¥‚¥¬ª√“»®“°
‡Àµÿ¿“¬πÕ°. §«“¡√—°·∫∫π’ȇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ
®“°À—«„®°—∫¥â«¬°√–· ∑’Ë√ÿπ·√ß ·≈–
„𧫓¡√—°·∫∫π’ȉ¡à¡’Õ“√¡≥å¢Õߺ≈
ª√–‚¬™π剥⇠’¬ À√◊Õ§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·°àµ—«
‡®◊ÕªπÕ¬à‡Ÿ ≈¬. §«“¡√—°·∫∫π’‡È √’¬°«à“
§«“¡√—°·∫∫∏√√¡™“µ‘ À√◊ÕÕ¬à“ß∑’Ë
æ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“‡√’¬°«à“ ªÿæ‡æ —ππ‘«“  §«“¡√—°·∫∫∑’Ë Ú ‡ªìπ·∫∫
 π—πË ‰™¬“πÿ°≈ÿ
´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕ‰¥âª√– ∫°“√≥å§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß·≈â«
®–°≈—∫‡ªìπ≈—°…≥–∂“«√ §«“¡√—°∑’Ë
·∑â®√‘ßπ—Èπ¡—π®–§ßµ‘¥µàÕ ◊∫∑Õ¥µàÕÊ
°—π‰ª‰¡àÀ¬ÿ¥‡≈¬.
§«“¡√— ° ¥— ß °≈à “ «¢â “ ßµâ 𠇪ì π
≈—°…≥–§«“¡√—°∑’ Ë ߟ °«à“·≈–ª√–‡ √‘∞
°«à“ ‡æ√“–¡—π‰¡à‰¥â¢πÈ÷ լట ∫— §ÿ≥ ¡-
∫—µ‘Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷ËßÕ¬à“ß„¥ À√◊Õ°“√°√–∑”
¢Õß ‘ËßÀπ÷Ëß ‘Ëß„¥, ∑—È߉¡à‰¥â¢÷ÈπÕ¬àŸ°—∫
∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ—π‰¡à‡∑’ˬ߷∑â·πàπÕπ. ¬‘Ëß
°«à“π—È𠧫“¡√—°·∫∫π’ȉ¡à‰¥â ‘Èπ ÿ¥≈ß
À≈—ß®“°µ“¬ ‡æ√“–¡—π®¡µ‘¥Õ¬àŸ°—∫
«‘≠≠“≥¥—ß„π∏√√¡∫∑°≈à“«‰«â«à“
ªÿ æ⁄ ‡ æ«  π⁄ π‘ « “‡ π ª®⁄ ®ÿ ª⁄
ªπ⁄πÀ‘‡µπ «“ ‡Õ«π⁄µÌ ™“¬‡µ ‡ª¡Ì
Õÿª≈Ì« ¬‚∂∑‡°
·ª≈«à“ §«“¡√—°¬àÕ¡‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ¥â«¬
‡Àµÿ Ú  ∂“π §◊Õ §«“¡√—°∑’ˇ§¬Õ¬àŸ
√à«¡°—π¡“„πÕ¥’µ™“µ‘∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ ªÿæ-
‡æ — π π‘ « “  ·≈–§«“¡√— ° ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π
¥â«¬°“√‡°◊ÕÈ °Ÿ≈°—π„πªí®®ÿ∫π— .
∂ⓧπÊ Àπ÷ßË ¡’§«“¡√—°°—∫Õ’°§π
Àπ÷ßË ‚¥¬ª√“»®“°Õ“√¡≥å∑‡Ë’ ÀÁπ·°àµ«—
‡¢“®–‰¡à °— ß «≈°— ∫ §ÿ ≥  ¡∫— µ‘ ¢ Õߺ⟠∑’Ë
‡¢“√— ° ·≈–‰¡à ‡ Õ“„®„ à µà Õ §ÿ ≥  ¡∫— µ‘
‡À≈à “ π—È π . ‡¢“√— ° ‡æ◊Ë Õ ª√–‚¬™πå · °à
§«“¡√— ° Õ¬à “ ߇¥’ ¬ «‡∑à “ π—È π ‡æ√“–
§ÿ ≥  ¡∫— µ‘ ¿ “¬πÕ°‰¡à ¡’ § «“¡À¡“¬
 ”À√—∫‡¢“·≈–‰¡à¡’§à“ ”À√—∫‡¢“,  ‘Ëß
∑’‡Ë ¢“¡àßÿ À¡“¬§◊Õºâ∑Ÿ ‡Ë’ ¢“√—°Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«.
À—«„®¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈‡™àππ—Èπ¬àÕ¡ºàÕß„ °—∫
¥â«¬ª√–°“¬· ß·Ààߧ«“¡√—° ·≈–ºâŸ
∑’Ë ‡ ¢“√— ° ª√“°Ø‡ªì π ®ÿ ¥ √«¡·Àà ß
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑—Èߪ«ß ·≈–‡ªìπ®ÿ¥¥÷ߥŸ¥
 ”À√—∫‡¢“‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡√—°Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«.
¯ÚÒ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
§«“¡√—° «√√§å ´÷Ëß°Á¡’ Ú ·∫∫ §◊Õ
§«“¡√—° «√√§å ∑’ˇªìπÕ‘ √–®“°°“√
º ¡º “π¢Õߧ«“¡≈«ßµ“À√◊Õ¡“¬“
·≈–‡ªì𧫓¡√—°∑’Ë∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘χ ¡ÕÊ „π
¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ‰ª. ·µà„π¿Ÿ¡‘∑’˵˔ §«“¡
√—°¬àÕ¡º ¡°≈¡°≈◊π°—∫«—µ∂ÿÀ¬“∫∑’Ë
 “¡“√∂ —¡º— ®—∫µâÕ߉¥â ·≈–º ¡°—∫
§«“¡„§√à∑“ß°“¡¢Õß —µ«å‡¥√—®©“π.
‚¥¬∑—Ë « ‰ª §π√— ° æ√–‡ªì π ‡®â “
‡æ√“–‡¢“µ‘¥¬÷¥°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’Ëæ√–Õߧå∑√ß
 √â“ß æ√–Õߧå∑√ß∏”√ß√—°…“‰«â´÷Ëß
 “°≈‚≈°·≈–∑√߇ΩÑ “ ¥Ÿ ∑—È ß §π∫“ª
·≈–π— ° ∫ÿ ≠ , æ√–Õߧå ∑ √ߪ√–∑“π
æ≈“π“¡—¬Õ—π ¡∫Ÿ√≥å, ∑√ߪ√–∑“π
∑“√°·≈– ‘ËߢÕßµà“ßÊ ·≈–∑√ߪ√–-
∑“𧫓¡ ÿ¢ ∫“¬, æ√–Õߧå∑√ß„Àâ
Õ¿—¬·°à§π∫“ª∑—Èߪ«ß.
·µà∂“â ¡’§πÊ Àπ÷ßË √—°æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“
‰¡à√°—  ‘ßË ¢Õß∑’æË √–Õߧå∑√ߪ√–∑“π„Àâ
·°à‡¢“·≈â« §«“¡√—°·∫∫¥—ß°≈à“«‡ªìπ
·∫∫§«“¡√—°∑’Ë Ÿß¡“°.
§«“¡√—°·∫∫∑’·Ë ∑â®√‘ß·≈–∫√‘ ∑ÿ ∏‘Ï
‡æ◊ËÕæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“π—È𠇪ì𧫓¡√—°∑’Ë
À—«„®∂Ÿ°¥÷ߥŸ¥‰ª àŸæ√–Õߧ傥¬‰¡à¡’
Õ“√¡≥å∑’ˇÀÁπ·°àµ—«Õ¬à“ß„¥Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß
‡À≈◊ÕÕ¬àŸ‡≈¬. §«“¡√—°·∫∫¥—ß°≈à“«
π—Èπ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πÀ—«„®¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈ºâŸª√“»
®“°°‘‡≈ µ—≥À“∑—Èߪ«ß. §«“¡¥÷ߥŸ¥
¢Õߧ«“¡√— ° π—È π ¡’ Õ ¬àŸ ‚ ¥¬ª√“»®“°
‡Àµÿº≈„¥Ê ¡—πÕ¬àŸ‡Àπ◊Õ°“√æ√√≥-
π“„¥Ê ·≈–∂â“®–æ√√≥𓧫“¡√—°
·∫∫¥—ß°≈à“«π—Èπ °“√æ√√≥π“π—Èπ°Á
‰¡à   ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å . „𧫓¡‡ªì π ®√‘ ß ·≈â «
°“√æ√√≥𓧫“¡√— ° Õ— π ∫√‘  ÿ ∑ ∏‘Ï
·∫∫π’¿È “¬„π¢Õ∫‡¢µ®”°—¥¢Õߧ”查
À√◊Õ§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¢Õß‚≈°π—Èπ ¬àÕ¡
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
‡ªìπ‰ª‰¡à‰¥â‡≈¬.
π— ° ∫ÿ ≠ √— ° æ √ – ‡ ªì π ‡ ®â “ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ
æ√–Õߧ废⇥’¬«‡∑à“π—Èπ. §«“¡√—°¢Õß
π—°∫ÿ≠·¥àæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“ ¬àÕ¡·µ°µà“ß
®“°§«“¡√—°¢Õߧπ∏√√¡¥“ ∑’Ë¡’·¥à
æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“. §π∏√√¡¥“√—°æ√–‡ªìπ
‡®â“ ‡æ√“–‡¢“§‘¥«à“æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“∑√ß
ª√–∑“𧫓¡ ÿ¢ ∫“¬ ∑√—æ¬å ¡∫—µ‘
¬»∞“π– ·≈–§«“¡ –¥«° ∫“¬Õ◊ËπÊ
„Àâ·°à‡¢“. ·µàπ—°∫ÿ≠√—°æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“
‚¥¬‰¡à§”π÷ß∂÷߇Àµÿ°“√≥å„¥Ê ‰¡à«à“
®– ÿ¢À√◊Õ∑ÿ°¢åª√–°“√„¥ ‡™àπ §ÿ√ÿ-
π“π—°Õߧå∑’Ë ı ∂Ÿ°∑√¡“πÕ¬à“ß “À—  ·≈–‡¢“‡Õß°Á¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢„π‡®µπ“¢Õß
æ√–Õߧå°Á§ß√—°æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“Õ¬à“߉¡à
‡ ◊ÕË ¡§≈“¬.
§«“¡®√‘ß §«“¡√—°∑’‡Ë ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß
‰ªµ“¡‡Àµÿ°“√≥åπ—Èπ ‰¡à„™à§«“¡√—°
∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß, ‡æ√“–§«“¡√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ßπ—Èπ
‡ªì𧫓¡√—°π‘√π— ¥√ ‰¡à¡Õ’ –‰√ “¡“√∂
∑”≈“¬‰¥â, Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë∑à“π ÿπ∑√¿àŸ°≈à“«
‰«â„ππ‘√“»·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß«à“ ç∂÷ߡ⫬¥‘π
 ‘ÈπÀ≈â“¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√ ‰¡à ‘Èπ ÿ¥§«“¡√—°
 ¡—§√ ¡“πé. §«“¡√—°¥—ß°≈à“«‡ªìπ
¥«ß¥“« àÕß· ßπ”∑“ß„Àâ·°à™“«‚≈°
®–«— ¥ §à “ ¢Õß¡— π ¥â « ¬‡ß‘ π ∑Õß·≈–
∑√— æ ¬å  ‘ π „¥Ê ‰¡à ‰ ¥â ‡ ≈¬. ©–π—È π
∫ÿ § §≈ “¡“√∂ — ¡ º—   §«“¡¬‘Ë ß „À≠à
·≈– Ÿß àߢÕߧ«“¡√—°‰¥â ¥—ߧ”∑’Ë«à“
秫“¡√—°∑’ˇª≈’Ë¬π‰ªµ“¡‡Àµÿ-
°“√≥åÀ√◊Õ‡¡◊ËÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡π—Èπ‡ª≈’ˬπ
·ª≈߉ª À√◊Õ«à“§«“¡√—°∑’Ë‚π⡇Õπ‰ª
µ“¡ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«‰ª¡“ §«“¡√—°
‡™àππ—Èπ‰¡à„™à§«“¡√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß. §«“¡
√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ßπ—Èπ¬àÕ¡‰¡àÀ«—Ëπ‰À«‰ª¡“
‰¡à«à“‡Àµÿ°“√≥å®–§ÿ°§“¡‡æ’¬ß„¥°Á
µ“¡. ¡—π‡ªìπ‡À¡◊Õ𥓫ƒ°…å∑’Ëπ”
∑“ߢÕß§π‡¥‘π∑“ß„π¬“¡√“µ√’ ·¡â
®–¡’‡¡¶ª°ªî¥À√◊Õ¡’擬ÿÕ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß
¥“« ƒ°…å®–‰¡àÀ«—Ëπ‰ª ¬—ߧߠ«à“ß®â“
Õ¬àŸÕ¬à“ßπ—Èπ. §à“¢Õߧ«“¡√—°‡™àππ—Èπ
¡’§“à ¬‘ßË „À≠à¡“° ¬“°∑’®Ë –æ√√≥𓉥â.
‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡‡¢â“„®„𧫓¡√—°„À⥒
¬‘Ëߢ÷È𠧫√»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«∫§àŸ
°—π‰ª Õ¬à“߇™à𠧫“¡√—°°—∫§«“¡„§√à,
§«“¡√—°°—∫°“√¬÷¥µ‘¥, §«“¡√—°°—∫
§«“¡ß“¡, §«“¡√—°°—∫§«“¡√âŸ, §«“¡
√—°°—∫§«“¡‰¡à¬÷¥µ‘¥·≈–§«“¡√—°Õ—π
·∑â®√‘ߢÕß «√√§å.
§«“¡√—°·≈–§«“¡„§√à
§«“¡√— ° ‰¡à „ ™à § «“¡Õ¬“°∑“ß
°“¡“√¡≥åÀ√◊Õ∑“߇π◊ÈÕÀπ—ß¡—ß “. „π
§«“¡Õ¬“°∑“߇π◊ÕÈ Àπ—ßπ—πÈ §«“¡„§√à
¡’πÈ”Àπ—°¡“°°«à“§«“¡√—°¡“°¡“¬π—°
‡æ√“–§«“¡„§√à‡ªìπº≈¡“®“°§«“¡
¥÷ߥŸ¥À√◊Õ§«“¡°√– —π∑“ß√à“ß°“¬.
©–π—È𠧫“¡„§√à®÷߉¡à„™à√Ÿª·∫∫∑’Ë·∑â
®√‘ߢÕߧ«“¡√—°, §«“¡„§√à‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ
·Ààߧ«“¡≈⡇À≈«¢Õߧπ„𠓬æ√–
‡πµ√¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“.
§«“¡√—°·≈–§«“¡Õ¬“°‰¥â∑“ß
‡π◊ÈÕÀπ—ßπ—Èπ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß Ú  ‘Ëß∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡“°. „π√–À«à“ß ‘Ëß
∑—È ß Ú  ‘Ë ß π—È π ¡— π ¡’ ‚ ≈°¢Õß¡— π ‡Õß
‚¥¬‡©æ“– ´÷Ëß·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡“°.
‚≈°¢Õߧ«“¡√—°·∑⇪ìπ°√–· ∑’Ë
∑”„Àâ™’«‘µ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‡Õ°¿“æ ·µà
‚≈°¢Õߧ«“¡„§√à∑“ß°“¡‡ªìπ‚≈°
∑’Ë™—Ë«√⓬·≈– °ª√° ‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ·Ààß
§«“¡‡ ◊ÕË ¡∑“ß»’≈∏√√¡¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å
´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ™’«‘µ‡À’ˬ«·Àâß ·≈–∑”„Àâ
√à“ß°“¬∑√ÿ¥‚∑√¡.
¯ÚÚ
§«“¡„§√à∑“ß°“¡‡ªìπ°“√À“º≈
ª√–‚¬™πå‡æ◊ËÕµ—«¢Õßµ—«‡ ¡Õ. ∫ÿ§§≈
∑’ˇµÁ¡‰ª¥â«¬§«“¡„§√à µâÕß欓¬“¡
∑’Ë®–∑”„Àâ§πÕ◊Ëπ‡ªìπ‡À¬◊ËÕ·Ààߧ«“¡
æÕ„®„𧫓¡„§√à¢Õßµπ‡Õß. ·µà
§«“¡√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ßπ—Èπ¡’§«“¡¡àÿßÀ¡“¬
∑’Ë®–„À⧫“¡ ÿ¢·≈–§«“¡ ∫“¬„®·°à
ºâŸ∑’ˇ¢“√—°. ºâŸ¡’§«“¡√—°¥—ß°≈à“«π—Èπ
¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘·Ààߧ«“¡Õ¥∑πÕ¥°≈—Èπ
‡ªì π ‡≈‘ » ¬Õ¡„Àâ µ— « ‡Õß√— ∫ §«“¡∑ÿ ° ¢å
√â Õ π∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‡æ◊Ë Õ ª√– ß§å ∑’Ë ® –„Àâ
§«“¡ ÿ¢§«“¡‡æ≈‘¥‡æ≈‘π·°àº∑⟠‡’Ë ¢“√—°
ºâŸ∑’ˇ¢“√—°¥â«¬.
§ÿ ≥  ¡∫— µ‘ · ∑â ¢ Õߧπ°Á §◊ Õ
§«“¡√—°π—Ëπ‡Õß ·µà∂ⓧ«“¡√—°π’È∂Ÿ°
𔉪 àŸ§«“¡Õ¬“°‰¥â∑“ß°“¡“√¡≥å
·≈⫉´√â Õ”π“®Õ—π·∑â®√‘ߢÕߧ«“¡
√—°π’È À√◊Õ°√–· ·Ààߧ«“¡√—°π’È°Á®–
∑”„Àâ∫ÿ§§≈§πÀπ÷Ë߇¥‘πº‘¥æ≈“¥®“°
Àπ∑“ß∑’®Ë –𔉪 à§Ÿ «“¡√â·Ÿ ®âßæ√–‡ªìπ
‡®â“‰¥â. æ≈—ß∑’Ëπ”∫ÿ§§≈‰ª àŸ∑“ߺ‘¥
æ≈“¥π’È∂Ÿ°‡√’¬°«à“ §«“¡„§√à ·µà
‡¡◊ËÕ°√–· ·Ààߧ«“¡√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ßπ’È∂Ÿ°
¥÷ßÕÕ°¡“®“°Àπ∑“ß°“¡“√¡≥å·≈–
¡àÿ߉ª àŸ§«“¡√⟷®âßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“ µ—«¡—π
‡Õß®–°≈—∫‡ªì𧫓¡√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß À√◊Õ
§«“¡√—°Õ—π∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï.
§«“¡√—°·≈–°“√¬÷¥µ‘¥
§«“¡√—°·≈–°“√¬÷¥µ‘¥¡’≈—°…≥–
∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡“°. „π°“√¬÷¥
µ‘¥π—πÈ ∫ÿ§§≈¬÷¥µ‘¥Õ¬à°Ÿ ∫— √à“ß°“¬¢Õß
‡¢“ ¬÷¥µ‘¥Õ¬àŸ°—∫≈Ÿ°°—∫¿√√¬“ ¬÷¥µ‘¥
լట ∫— ≠“µ‘æπ’Ë Õâ ß °—∫»“ π“ °—∫«√√≥–
·≈–ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘ , ∫ÿ § §≈π—È π ¬à Õ ¡¡’
§«“¡√—°

§«“¡√⟠÷°‡©¬Ê µàÕ ‘Ëß´÷Ë߉¡à¡’§«“¡
‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫µπ. §«“¡¬÷¥µ‘¥π—Èπ¡’
¢Õ∫‡¢µ®”°—¥ ·≈–∫ÿ§§≈ºâŸ¬÷¥µ‘¥‡™àπ
π—Èπ ‡¢“®–‰¡à‡™◊ËÕøíß„§√Ê ‡ªìπ§πÀ—«
¥◊ÕÈ À—«√—πÈ .
§πª√–‡¿∑π’¡È §’ «“¡√â Ÿ °÷ ∑’‡Ë ¢â¡¢âπ
µàÕ§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·°àµ—«Õ¬à“ß¡“° ·≈–¬÷¥
µ‘¥Õ¬àŸ°—∫§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„πµπ‡Õß ·≈–
¬÷¥µ—«µπ¢ÕßµπÕ¬à“ß¡—πË §ß. ·µà∫§ÿ §≈
ºâŸ¡’§«“¡√—°·∑âÕ¬àŸ„π„®¬àÕ¡√—°∑ÿ° ‘Ëß
∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß∑’‡Ë ¢“æ∫‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬ “¬µ“‡¥’¬«
°—π§◊Õ§«“¡√—°, ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ§πÀ√◊Õ
 —µ«å ‡¢“°Á√—°‡∑à“Ê °—π ‰¡à¡’°“√·∫àß
·¬°™π™—Èπ «√√≥– ·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ™“µ‘, ‡¢“
√—° ‘Ëß∑’Ëæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“∑√ß √â“ß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥.
ºâ∑Ÿ ¬Ë’ ¥÷ µ‘¥¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·°àµ«— Õ¬à“ß
√ÿπ·√ß ·≈–¬÷¥‡Õ“º≈ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß
µπ‡ªìπ∑’˵—Èß, ‡æ◊ËÕº≈ª√–‚¬™πå·≈â«
‡¢“®–¬Õ¡∑”∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß ·¡â ‘Ëß∑’Ë∑”‰ª
π—È π ®–‡ªì π º≈‡ ’ ¬ À“¬µà Õ  à « π√«¡
°Áµ“¡. º≈¢Õߧ«“¡¬÷¥µ‘¥¥—ß°≈à“«°Á
¡’·µà§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å§«“¡‡¥◊Õ¥√âÕπ∑—Èß·°à
µπ‡Õß·≈–ºâŸÕ◊Ëπ.
§«“¡√—°∑’·Ë ∑âππ—È ¡’§«“¡Õ‘ √–®“°
¡≈∑‘π¢Õߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπ·°àµ«— ‚¥¬ ‘πÈ ‡™‘ß.
‡¢“¬àÕ¡√—°§π∑ÿ°§π‡∑à“Ê °—π Õ¬à“ß
§«“¡√—°¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“∑’Ë¡’µàÕæ√–
√“Àÿ≈·≈–æ√–‡∑«∑—µ. ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫
¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å¬Õà ¡„Àâ· ß «à“ß·°à‚≈°∑—ßÈ
§π¥’ · ≈–§π‰¡à ¥’ ∑’Ë ¡’ Õ ¬àŸ „ π‚≈°©— π „¥
§«“¡√—°∑’·Ë ∑â®√‘ß°Á‡ªìπ©—ππ—πÈ .
„𧫓¡¬÷¥µ‘¥π—πÈ ∫ÿ§§≈ºâ¬Ÿ ¥÷ µ‘¥
¬àÕ¡µ°≈ß àŸ∑’˵˔‡ ¡Õ ‡¢“‰¡à “¡“√∂
®–¡ÕߥŸ∑°ÿ  ‘ßË ∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ߥ⫬ “¬µ“·Ààß
§«“¡«“߇©¬‰¥â. „π‚≈°¢Õߧ«“¡
¬÷¥µ‘¥π—È𠇪ìπ‡À¡◊ÕπÀâ“ß √√æ ‘π§â“
 π—πË ‰™¬“πÿ°≈ÿ
∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˇ¢â“‰ª„πÀâ“ß°Á‡æ◊ËÕ´◊ÈÕ ‘ËߢÕß
∑’˵πÕ¬“°‰¥âÕ—π¡’°“√µÕ∫·∑π¥â«¬
‡ß‘πÀ√◊Õ∫—µ√‡§√¥‘µ ‡¢“®÷ß®–‰¥â ‘Ëß
¢Õ߇À≈à“π—πÈ ¡“. ·µà„𧫓¡√—°·∑âππÈ—
ºŸâ¡’§«“¡√—°¬àÕ¡√⟷µà°“√„ÀâÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«
‡∑à“π—Èπ ‰¡à‡§¬À«—ߺ≈µÕ∫·∑π„¥Ê
‡≈¬ ·¡â·µà™Õ◊Ë ‡ ’¬ß·≈–‡°’¬√µ‘¬». ™“«
 ‘°¢å§πÀπ÷Ëß„π°√ÿ߇∑æœ ´◊ÈÕ∑’Ë¥‘π Û
µ“√“ß«“Àπâ“«—¥ ¥â«¬‡ß‘π®”π«π Ú¯
≈â“π∫“∑ ·≈â«¡Õ∫„Àâ·°à«—¥ ‘°¢å. ‡¢“
∫Õ°°—∫‡®â“Àπâ“∑’ˉ¡à„Àâ√–∫ÿ™◊ËÕ‡¢“‰«â
„π∫—≠™’¢Õß«—¥‡≈¬.
ºâ¡Ÿ §’ «“¡√—°·∑â¬Õà ¡√â«Ÿ “à §«“¡√—°
°Á §◊ Õ æ√–‡ªì π ‡®â “ ∑√ߪ√–∑— ∫ Õ¬àŸ „ π
À— « „®¢Õ߇¢“ ·≈–æ√–Õß§å °Á ∑ √ß
ª√–∑—∫Õ¬àŸ„πÀ—«„®¢Õߧπ∑ÿ°Ê §π
·¡â „ πÀ¡àŸ  — µ «å . æ√–Õߧå ∑ √ß√— ° §π
∑ÿ°§π‰¡à«à“¥’À√◊Õ‡≈« ‚¥¬ª√“»®“°
Õ§µ‘∑—Èߪ«ß. ©–π—È𠧫“¡√—°°Á§◊ÕºâŸ
„Àâ™’«‘µ ºâŸÕÿª∂—¡¿å∫”√ÿß™’«‘µ ·≈–ºâŸ„Àâ
æ≈–°”≈—ß·°à™’«‘µ.
§«“¡√—°∑’ˇ®◊Õªπ¥â«¬§«“¡‡ÀÁπ
·°à µ— « ·¡â · µà πâ Õ ¬π—È π ‰¡à „ ™à § «“¡√— ° .
°“√∑’Ë∫ÿ§§≈¡’§«“¡§‘¥∑’ˇՓº≈µÕ∫
·∑π®“° ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë µ π„Àâ ‰ ¡à „ ™à § «“¡√— °
·∑â. §«“¡√—°·∑âπ—Èπ¬àÕ¡‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ°Á
‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå¢Õßµ—«§«“¡√—°‡∑à“π—Èπ.
®ÿ¥ª√– ß§åÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«¢Õߧ«“¡√—°·∑â
°Á§Õ◊ °“√√«¡‡ªìπÀπ÷ßË ‡¥’¬«°—∫ºâ∑Ÿ ‡’Ë ¢“√—°
π—Ëπ§◊Õæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“π—Ëπ‡Õß. §«“¡√—°
∂Ÿ°ª≈ÿ°„Àâµ◊Ëπ¢÷Èπ °ÁµàÕ‡¡◊ËÕ°√–· ·Ààß
§«“¡√— ° ´÷Ë ß ‰À≈ÕÕ°®“°ºâŸ ∑’Ë ‡ ¢“√— °
‡¢â“‰ª àŸÀ—«„®¢ÕߺâŸ√—° π’Ë · À≈–§◊ Õ
§«“¡√—°·∑â.
∑à“π§ÿ√πÿ “π—°Õߧå∑À’Ë “â §ÿ√Õÿ √™ÿπ-
‡∑æ °≈à“««à“¢â“懮Ⓣ¡àµÕâ ß°“√§«“¡
¯ÚÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
À≈ÿ¥æâπÀ√◊Õ°“√‡¢â“∂÷ß‚¡°…–, ·µà ‘Ëß
∑’Ë¢â“懮⓵âÕß°“√°Á§◊Õ°“√‰¥â§«“¡√—°
®“°ÕߧåÕ°“≈∫ÿ√ÿ…‡∑à“π—Èπ. ¥—ßπ—Èπ
§«“¡√— ° ·∑â §◊ Õ ®“°À— « „®‡¢â “  Ÿà À— « „®
‰¡à„™à®“°Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈„¥Ê ¿“¬πÕ°.
§«“¡√—°‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕß°“√ ç„Àâé
‰¡à „ ™à ‡ ªì π °“√„Àâ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ À«— ß º≈„π°“√
µÕ∫·∑πÀ√◊Õ°“√´◊ÈÕ¢“¬·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ.
∑à“π§ÿ√ÿπ“π—°°≈à“««à“ ç∑à“π®ß¡Õ∫
°“¬ ¡Õ∫„® ¡Õ∫™’«‘µ ¡Õ∫§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ
„Àâ·°àæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“·≈⫇∑à“π—Èπ ·≈â«
∑à“π®–√⟠÷°¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢„π°“√‡¥‘πÕ¬Ÿà
¿“¬„π√—«È ¢Õߧ«“¡√—°é.
∑à “ π “√¡“¥ π— ° ª√“™≠å § π
 ”§—≠∑à“πÀπ÷Ëß°≈à“««à“
ç¢â“懮Ⓣ¥â¡Õ∫°“¬ ¡Õ∫™’«‘µ
·≈–§«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ „Àâ · °à æ √–‡ªì π ‡®â “
¢â“懮â“√âŸ«à“§π∑—Ë«‚≈°¬÷¥µ‘¥Õ¬àŸ°—∫ ‘Ëß
¥— ß °≈à “ «‡À≈à “ π’È ·µà ° “√¬÷ ¥ µ‘ ¥ ¢Õß
¢â“懮â“∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‰¥â∂Ÿ°ª≈¥‡ª≈◊ÈÕßÕÕ°
‰ªÀ¡¥·≈â« §«“¡À«—ß∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫æ√
Õ—π¬‘Ëß„À≠ஓ°æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“®÷߉¡à¡’„π
À—«„®¢Õߢâ“懮â“é.
§«“¡√—°°—∫§«“¡ß“¡
§«“¡ß¥ß“¡∑“ß√à“ß°“¬ ¬àÕ¡
µâÕ߇ ◊ËÕ¡ ≈“¬‰ª°—∫°“≈‡«≈“ ·µà
§«“¡√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘߉¡à‡§¬‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ≈“¬.
§«“¡ß¥ß“¡∑“ß√Ÿª√à“ß·≈–·¡â§«“¡
ߥߓ¡∑“ß®‘ µ „®·≈–Õ“√¡≥å ¬à Õ ¡
‡ ◊ËÕ¡≈߉ªµ“¡°“≈‡«≈“ ·¡â°“√ß“π
∑’¥Ë ß’ “¡°ÁÕ“® ‘πÈ  ÿ¥≈߉¥âµ“¡°“≈‡«≈“
·µà§«“¡√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘߬—ߧßÕ¬àŸπ“π‡∑à“
π“π ·¡âÀ≈—ß®“°∑’˺âŸπ—Èπ‰¥â ≈–√à“߉ª
®“°‚≈°π’È·≈â« ‡æ√“–§«“¡√—°‰¡à‰¥â
 ≈“¬‰ª‡¡◊Ë Õ √à “ ß°“¬ ‘È π ≈¡À“¬„®.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
§«“¡√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ßπ—Èπ§ßÕ¬àŸ™—Ë«π‘√—π¥√
‡æ√“–§«“¡√—°·∑⇪ìπ§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ·‘ ∑â
¢Õß«‘ ≠ ≠“≥. §«“¡ß¥ß“¡∑“ß
√à “ ß°“¬Õ¬àŸ ‰ ¥â ‡ æ’ ¬ ß™—Ë « §√“« §«“¡
ߥߓ¡Õ“®®– ¥„ «—ππ’È æ√àÿßπ’ÈÕ“®
‡À’ˬ«·Àâß ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫¥Õ°‰¡â À≈—ß
®“°ºà“π«—¬Àπàÿ¡«—¬ “«‰ª·≈â« §«“¡
¡’  ÿ ¢ ¿“æ ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å °Á §à Õ ¬Ê∂Õ¬≈ß
§«“¡ß“¡°Á®◊¥®“ß≈߉ª ·µà§«“¡√—°
π—Èπ¬—ߧßÕ¬àŸµ≈Õ¥‰ª‰¡à‡ ◊ËÕ¡§≈“¬.
§«“¡ß“¡∑“ß√à“ß°“¬ µ—ÈßÕ¬àŸ∫π
æ◊Èπ∞“π√Õß√—∫∑’ËÕàÕπ·Õ¡“° ·≈–Õ¬àŸ
‰¥â ‡ æ’ ¬ ß™—Ë « §√“« ·µà § «“¡√— ° ‡ªì π
§ÿ ≥  ¡∫— µ‘ · ∑â ¢ Õß«‘ ≠ ≠“≥·≈–‡ªì π
Õ¡µ–. ™’«µ‘ ∑’‡Ë µÁ¡‡ªï¬ò ¡‰ª¥â«¬§«“¡√—°
¬àÕ¡‡æ‘Ë¡æŸπ·≈– à߇ √‘¡§«“¡ß¥ß“¡
„Àâ ¥„ ¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ·≈–§«“¡ß¥ß“¡™π‘¥
π’È ¬à Õ ¡∑”„Àâ æ ≈— ß «‘ ≠ ≠“≥¡’ ª √–°“¬
· ß∑’Ë ¥„ . §«“¡ß“¡·∫∫π’ȇªìπ
·√ߥ÷ߥŸ¥∑’Ë ”§—≠¬‘Ëß ‡æ√“–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥
Õ”π“®∑“ߧ«“¡√—°¢÷πÈ ¡“‡ªìπ°“√∂“«√
∂ⓧ«“¡ß“¡‰¡à‰¥â∂Ÿ°¬âÕ¡¥â«¬§«“¡
¥÷ߥŸ¥¢Õßæ≈—ß«‘≠≠“≥·≈â« §«“¡√—°
π—Èπ¬àÕ¡Õ¬àŸ‰¡à‰¥â‡≈¬ ‡æ√“–§«“¡√—°
·∑â§◊Õ§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘ ·∑â¢Õß«‘≠≠“≥.
§«“¡√—°·∑â‰¡à‡§¬‡ ◊ÕË ¡§≈“¬ ·¡â
°√–¥Ÿ ° ¢Õߺ⟠¡’ § «“¡√— ° ®–∂Ÿ ° ∑ÿ ∫ „Àâ
·µ°‡ªìπºß∏ÿ≈’°Áµ“¡ ‡À¡◊ÕππÈ”ÀÕ¡
∑’Ë∑”¡“®“°‰¡â®—π∑åÀÕ¡ ·¡â®–∫¥„Àâ
‡ªìπºß∏ÿ≈’°Áµ“¡ °Á‰¡à‡§¬≈–∑‘Èß°≈‘Ëπ
‡≈¬. „π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—πæ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß
§«“¡√—°°Á§Õ◊ «‘≠≠“≥ ·≈–‡ªìππ‘√π— ¥√.
©–π—È𠧫“¡√—°®÷߇ªìππ‘√—π¥√. §«“¡
ß“¡π—È π ∂Ÿ ° ∑”≈“¬‰¥â ·µà § «“¡√— °
∑”≈“¬‰¡à‰¥â.
„π∑’Ë„¥°Áµ“¡∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√—° „π∑’Ë
π—Èπ®–µâÕß¡’§«“¡ß“¡. §«“¡√—°¡’·µà
𔧫“¡ ÿ¢¡“„Àâ∑ß—È ·°àº√⟠°— ·≈–ºâ∂Ÿ °Ÿ √—°
§«“¡√—°‡ªìπ· ßª√–°“¬π”§«“¡ ÿ¢
 ¥™◊Ëπ‡¢â“¡“ àŸ¥«ßµ“ °√–· §«“¡√—°
ÕÕ°®“°ºâŸ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘ϺŸâÀà“߉°≈®“°°‘‡≈  ‚≈° ‰¡à¡’§«“¡§‘¥„¥Ê ·¡â·µàÕ¬à“ß
µ—≥À“ §«“¡ß“¡¢ÕߺâŸ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘ϬàÕ¡
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ∑«’§Ÿ≥. §«“¡√—°‡ªìπ
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘·∑â¢Õß«‘≠≠“≥ ©–π—Èπ®÷ß
‡ªìππ‘√π— ¥√.
§«“¡√—°·≈–§«“¡√âŸ
§«“¡√—°·≈–§«“¡√⟡’§«“¡·µ°
µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡“°, π—ËπÀ¡“¬∂÷ߧ«“¡
·µ°µà“ß√–À«à“ߧ«“¡π÷°§‘¥·≈–À—«„®
¡— π Àà “ ߉°≈°— π Õ¬à “ ß¡“°‡À¡◊ Õ π°— ∫
√–¬–∑“ß®“°‚≈°°—∫ «√√§å. §«“¡√âŸ
π—È π ºŸ ° µ‘ ¥ Õ¬àŸ °— ∫ §«“¡§‘ ¥ ‡ÀÁ π ¢Õß
∫ÿ§§≈·≈–‡ªìπ∏√√¡™“µ‘∑À’Ë ¬ÿ¥π‘ßË ‰¡à‰¥â
‡≈¬ §«“¡√⟬àÕ¡π”∫ÿ§§≈‰ª àŸ§«“¡
‡©≈’ˬ«©≈“¥·≈–·°¡‚°ß ·≈– √â“ß
ªÑÕ¡ª√“°“√·Ààߧ«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ·°àµ—«
¢Õ߇¢“¢÷Èπ¡“, ·µàÀ—«„®¢Õߧππ—ÈπºŸ°
¬÷ ¥ µ‘ ¥ Õ¬àŸ °— ∫ °√–· ¿“¬„π´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π
·À≈àß∑’ˇªì𧫓¡√—°·≈–§«“¡¿—°¥’∑’Ë
‰À≈ÕÕ°¡“®“°∑’Ëπ—Èπ.
„π∑“ߢÕß®‘ µ «‘ ≠ ≠“≥·≈â «
À—«„®¡’º≈Õ—πª√–‡ √‘∞¡“°°«à“ ¡Õß.
§«“¡§‘¥π”§«“¡ «à“ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«‡∑à“
π—πÈ ¡“„Àâ‡√“ ·µàÕ”π“®∑“ß®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥
π—Èπ‰¥â°àÕµ—«¢÷Èπ„πÀ—«„®¢Õ߇√“.
§«“¡§‘¥§◊Õ‡Àµÿ·Ààߧ«“¡µ—Èß„®
∑’Ë°√–®—¥°√–®“¬ÕÕ°‰ª àŸ‚≈°, ·µà
§«“¡√—°∑”„Àâ‡√“ÕÕ°®“°‚≈°π’È‚¥¬
 ‘πÈ ‡™‘ß ‚¥¬∑”„À⧫“¡µ—ßÈ „®¢Õ߇√“¡“
√«¡Õ¬àŸ„π®ÿ¥Ê ‡¥’¬«Õ¬à“ß ß∫, ¥—ߧ”
°≈à“«„π§—¡¿’√åÕ“∑‘§√—π∂å¢Õß»“ π“
¯ÚÙ
 ‘°¢å∑’Ë«à“
ç°“√°√–∑”∑’©Ë ≈“¥·°¡‚°ß ·≈–
§«“¡‚≈¥‚ºπ∑“ߧ«“¡§‘¥π—ÈπµâÕß√—∫
º‘¥™Õ∫µàÕ§«“¡ºŸ°æ—π¢Õ߇√“∑’Ë¡’µàÕ
‡¥’¬«∑’Ë®–™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ‡√“„Àâæ∫°—∫æ√–
‡ªìπ‡®â“‰¥âé.
Àπ∑“ߢÕߧ«“¡√⟠π—È π ¬à Õ ¡¡’
¢Õ∫‡¢µ®”°—¥ ·µàÀπ∑“ߢÕߧ«“¡
√—°‰¡à¡’¢Õ∫‡¢µ®”°—¥. Àπ∑“ߢÕß
§«“¡√âŸ∑Ë’®”°—¥ ‡æ√“–∑”„À⧫“¡√âŸ
°√–®“¬ÕÕ°‰ª‚¥¬ºà“𧫓¡Õ¬“°
‰¥â¢Õß„®, ·µàµ√ß°—π¢â“¡ §«“¡√—°
∑”„Àâ ∫ÿ § §≈¡’ „ ®®¥®à Õ Õ¬àŸ ∑’Ë  ‘Ë ß ÊÀπ÷Ë ß
‡∑à“π—Èπ §◊ÕºâŸ∑’ˇ¢“√—°À√◊Õæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“
∑”„®„Àâ   ß∫‰¡à øâÿ ß ´à “ π. ∑“ß·Àà ß
§«“¡√⟮”°—¥Õ¬àŸ∑’˺—  –‚¥¬„Àâ∑à“π√—∫
√⟇©æ“– ‘Ëß∑’ˇªìπ«—µ∂ÿ·≈–∫√√®ÿ§«“¡√âŸ
™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬àŸ„π‚≈°≈߉ª‰«â„π„®,
·µàÀπ∑“ߧ«“¡√—°°≈à“«‰¥â«à“ æ√–
‡ªìπ‡®â“ºâŸ‡ªìπ∑’Ë√—° §◊Õ∫àÕπÈ”æÿ¢Õß
§«“¡√âŸ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ·≈–查·µà‡æ’¬ß«à“
∑à“π®ß¡àÿߧ«“¡ π„®Õ¬àŸ„π´Õ¬·Ààß
§«“¡√— ° ·≈–¡’ ®‘ µ „®®¥®à Õ Õ¬àŸ ∑’Ë æ √–
‡ªìπ‡®â“ ´÷Ëߪ√–∑—∫Õ¬àŸ¿“¬„πµ—«¢Õß
‡®â“. Àπ∑“ß·Ààߧ«“¡√âŸ∑’Ë®”°—¥·π–
π”„Àâ ∑à “ π§∫À“°— ∫ ‡æ◊Ë Õ π¢Õß∑à “ π
æ√√§æ«°¢Õß∑à“π, ·µàÀπ∑“ß·Ààß
§«“¡√— ° ‡µ◊ Õ π∑à “ π„Àâ À ≈’ ° Àà “ ß®“°
‡æ◊Ë Õ πºâŸ ∑’Ë ® –π”∑à “ π„Àâ ‡ ¥‘ π Àà “ ßÕÕ°
®“°∑“ߢÕßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“.
§«“¡§‘¥°¥¥—π„Àâ∑à“π· «ßÀ“
º≈ ”‡√Á ® „π¬»∞“∫√√¥“»— ° ¥‘Ï ∑’Ë  Ÿ ß
„π —ߧ¡¢Õß‚≈° ·≈–‡ªìπºâŸπ”¢Õß
ª√–‡∑»·≈–ºâπŸ ”≈—∑∏‘»“ π“¢Õß∑à“π,
·µà§«“¡√—°π—πÈ µ√ß°—π¢â“¡°—∫§«“¡§‘¥.
§«“¡√—°

§«“¡√—°∫Õ°∑à“π«à“ ç®ßπ—Ëß∑” ¡“∏‘
¿“«π“Õ¬àŸ„πÀâÕßÕ—π‚¥¥‡¥’ˬ« ·≈–®ß
¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢„π°“√√–≈÷°π÷°∂÷ßæ√–‡ªìπ
ਉҎ.
§«“¡√âŸ∑’Ë®”°—¥·π–π”„Àâ∑à“πÀ“
¡“µ√∞“π∑’Ë Ÿß àß„π∑“ߧ«“¡§‘¥·≈–
§«“¡‡™’Ë ¬ «™“≠„π»‘ ≈ ª–µà “ ßÊ ·µà
§«“¡√—°¡’®ÿ¥¡àÿßÀ¡“¬∑’Ë®–π”∑à“π‰ª
 àŸÀπ∑“ß∑’Ë«‘≠≠“≥¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢„πÕâÕ¡
Õÿ√–¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“.  à«π§«“¡§‘¥
¢Õߧπ‡ÀÁπ«à“Àπ∑“ߧ«“¡√—°π—Èπ‡ªìπ
‰ª‰¡à‰¥â∑’Ë®–æ∫‡ÀÁπÀ√◊Õ‡¢â“∂÷ßæ√–
‡ªìπ‡®â“ ‡æ√“–§«“¡§‘¥π—Èπ∂Ÿ°®”°—¥
¥â«¬µ—≥À“·≈–Õ«‘™™“, ·µà§«“¡√—°
¬àÕ¡‡ÀÁπ‡π◊ÈÕ·∑â„πÀ—«„®¢Õߧ«“¡√—°
‡∑à“à π—πÈ .
‡π◊ËÕß®“°§«“¡√âŸ∑’Ë®”°—¥ §π à«π
„À≠à®ß÷ ‰¡à‡™◊ÕË «à“¡’∫§ÿ §≈∑’‡Ë ÀÁπæ√–‡ªìπ
‡®â“®√‘ßÊ „π¿“¬„πµ—«‡¢“‡Õß, À√◊Õ
¡’∫ÿ§§≈∑’ËÀ≈ÿ¥æâπ®“°°‘‡≈ µ—≥À“‰¥â
¡’Õ¬àŸ„πªí®®ÿ∫—π. ·µà§«“¡√—°®–∫Õ°
„Àâ∑à“π∑√“∫«à“ ∑à“π§«√°”®—¥‡§√◊ËÕß
ºŸ°¡—¥¢Õß‚≈° §◊Õ µ—≥À“Õ«‘™™“ ·≈–
°”®—¥§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·°àµ—«¢Õß∑à“πÕÕ°‰ª
‡ ’¬ ·≈â«¥«ßµ“„π¢Õß∑à“π°Á®– «à“ß
¢÷Èπ ∑à“π®–‡ÀÁπ∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë¡Õ߇ÀÁπæ√–
‡ªìπ‡®â“®√‘ßÊ „πµ—«¢Õ߇¢“‡Õß À√◊Õ
¡Õ߇ÀÁπºâŸªØ‘∫—µ‘µπ∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ßÕ—πÀ≈ÿ¥
æâπ®“°°‘‡≈ ‰¥â®√‘ß. ‡æ√“–§«“¡
∫°æ√àÕߢÕ߇√“‡Õß, „®·≈–§«“¡§‘¥
¢Õ߇√“¬àÕ¡À≈Õ°‡√“„ÀâÀ≈ßß¡ß“¬
Õ¬àŸ„π‚≈°π’È´÷Ë߉¡à®’√—߬—Ë߬◊π ‡√“®÷߉¡à
æ∫∫ÿ§§≈∑’ÀË ≈ÿ¥æâπ®√‘ßÊ.
§«“¡§‘ ¥ π—È π ¡’ § «“¡‡™◊Ë Õ ¡—Ë π «à “
§«“¡ ÿ ¢  ∫“¬„π‚≈°π’È π—È π ‡π◊Ë Õ ß¡“
®“°∑√—æ¬å ¡∫—µ‘∑—Èß ‘Èπ, ·µà§«“¡√—°
 π—πË ‰™¬“πÿ°≈ÿ
∫Õ°‡√“«à“§«“¡ ÿ¢∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ßπ—ÈπÕ¬àŸ∑’Ë
„® ß∫π‘Ë߇ªìπ ¡“∏‘.
§«“¡§‘¥π—πÈ ∫—ߧ—∫„Àâ‡√“À“§«“¡
 ÿ ¢  ∫“¬Õ¬àŸ „ π«— µ ∂ÿ ¢ Õß‚≈°·≈–„Àâ
µ“¡„®µ—«‡√“‡Õß, ·µà§«“¡√—°∫Õ°‡√“
«à“®ß‡ ’¬ ≈–∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß ·¡â·µà™’«‘µ„Àâ
·°à∫ÿ§§≈ºâŸ∑’ˇ√“√—°·≈–ºâŸ∑’ˇ¢â“∂÷ßæ√–
‡ªì π ‡®â “ ·≈â « ‡∑à “ π—È π À√◊ Õ ºâŸ ∫ √‘  ÿ ∑ ∏‘Ï
À¡¥®¥·≈⫇∑à“π—Èπ.
§«“¡§‘¥π”擇√“‰ªÀ“§«“¡ ÿ¢
∫π «√√§å , ·µà § «“¡√— ° ∫Õ°‡√“«à “
Õ¬à“‰¥â¢Õ ‘ËßÀπ÷Ëß ‘Ëß„¥∫π‚≈°π’È·≈–
‚≈° «√√§å ·≈–®ß¢ÕÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«‡∑à“π—πÈ
§◊Õ§«“¡√—°®“°æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“, ‡æ√“–
°“√¢Õ ‘ËßÕ◊ËππÕ°®“°π’ȇªìπ‡Àµÿ¢Õß
§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å §«“¡‡®Á∫ª«¥·≈–§«“¡
‡»√â “ ‚»°. ©–π—È π ∫ÿ § §≈‰¡à § «√
ª√“√∂π“ ‘Ëß„¥ ‘ËßÀπ÷Ëß∫π‚≈°π’È·≈–
‚≈° «√√§å.
¡’ªí≠À“∂“¡¢÷Èπ«à“ §«“¡√⟷≈–
§«“¡§‘¥π—Èπ‰¡à¡’§ÿ≥§«“¡¥’Õ–‰√∫â“ß
À√◊Õ „π‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡√⟰Á‡ªìπ§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘Õ—π
Àπ÷ËߢÕß«‘≠≠“≥ ·≈–§«“¡§‘¥°Á‡ªìπ
µ—«‡®µ ‘°µ—«Àπ÷Ëß´÷Ë߇°‘¥·≈–¥—∫æ√âÕ¡
°—∫®‘µ.
π— ° ∫ÿ ≠ ·≈–ºâŸ √⟠· ®â ß ∑—È ß À≈“¬≈ß
¡“ àŸ‚≈°π’È  —Ëß Õπ§π„π‚≈°‚¥¬ºà“π
°“√ π∑π“. §π‚≈°°Á√®Ÿâ °— ·¬°·¬–«à“
Õ–‰√®√‘ß·≈–Õ–‰√‰¡à®√‘ß ‚¥¬æ«°‡¢“
æ‘®“√≥“À“‡Àµÿº≈‚¥¬∑“ߧ«“¡§‘¥
π—Ëπ°Á‡ªì𧫓¡√⟡‘„™àÀ√◊Õ.
§”µÕ∫°Á§◊Õ«à“ §«“¡√âŸ∑’Ë¡’¢Õ∫
‡¢µ®”°—¥ ‡ÀÁπÀ√◊Õ‡¢â“„®„πµ—«µπ∑’Ë¡’
√Ÿª√à“߇∑à“π—Èπ ‰¡à “¡“√∂√⟇≈¬‰ª°«à“
π—È π ·≈–§«“¡§‘ ¥ °Á ∑”„Àâ ‡ ¢“‡ ◊Ë Õ ¡
∂Õ¬®“°§«“¡√—°æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“. ∫ÿ§§≈
¯Úı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
Õ“®®–‡√’¬π√⟡“°·≈–¡’§«“¡§‘¥ Ÿß àß
·µà‡¢“‰¡à “¡“√∂‡¢â“‰ª∂÷ߪ√–µŸ·Ààß
§«“¡√—°·∑â‚¥¬‡æ’¬ß°“√‡√’¬π√⟡“°
‡∑à“π—Èπ, ‡¢“‰¡à “¡“√∂∑”µ—«¢Õ߇¢“
‡Õß„Àâ ¥‘Ë ß Õ¬àŸ „ 𧫓¡√— ° ·∑â ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π
π‘√—π¥√, §«“¡§‘¥Õà“π¢Õ߇¢“™—°®Ÿß
‡¢“‰ª„π∑“ߺ‘¥‰¥â. §«“¡√âŸ∑’˪√“»
®“°Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßÕ§µ‘‡ªì𧫓¡√âŸ∑’ˇªìπ
Õ‘   √–®“°¢Õ∫‡¢µ®”°— ¥ ¢Õßµ— ≥ À“
Õ«‘™™“. §«“¡√⢟ Õß∫ÿ§§≈‡™àππ—πÈ ‡ªìπ
§«“¡√âŸ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï ‡æ√“–„®·≈–Õ“¬µπ–
Õ¬àŸ¿“¬„µâ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡¢Õߧ«“¡√âŸÕ—π
∫√‘ ∑ÿ ∏‘¢Ï Õ߇¢“·≈â«.
§«“¡√⟢Õߧπ∏√√¡¥“∂Ÿ°®”°—¥
§«“¡√⟠‡ ™à π π—È π √⟠‰ ¥â °Á ‡ ©æ“–‚≈°·≈–
«—µ∂ÿ¢Õß‚≈°. §«“¡√—°∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ßÕ¬à“ß
‡¥’¬«‡∑à“π—πÈ ∑’°Ë “â «‡≈¬¢Õ∫‡¢µ¢Õß‚≈°
·≈–«—µ∂ÿ¢Õß‚≈° ·≈–‡ÀÁπ·®âß∑ÿ° ‘Ëß∑’Ë
§«“¡§‘¥‰¡à “¡“√∂§‘¥‰¥â.
§«“¡√—°·≈–°“√ª≈àÕ¬«“ß
§«“¡ª≈à Õ ¬«“ß∑’Ë · ∑â ® √‘ ß π—È π
‰¡à„™à°“√Àπ’ÕÕ°®“°‚≈°‚¥¬‰ªÕ¬àŸ
ªÉ“À“§«“¡ ß∫. °“√ª≈àÕ¬«“ß°Á§◊Õ
 ¿“æÕ—π∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß„® µ—≥À“·≈–
°‘‡≈ ∑—Èߪ«ß∂Ÿ°‡º“‰À¡â.  ¿“懙àπ
π—ÈπÕ¬àŸ‡Àπ◊Õ§«“¡¥÷ߥŸ¥¢Õß‚≈°·≈–
«—µ∂ÿ¢Õß‚≈°. ‡¡◊ËÕ ¿“懙àππ—Èπº ¡
°≈¡°≈◊π°—∫§«“¡Õ¬“°∑’Ë®–æ∫æ√–
‡ªìπ‡®â“§◊Õ§«“¡√—°. ©–π—È𠧫“¡√—°
·≈–°“√ª≈àÕ¬«“ß®÷߉¡à·µ°µà“ßÕ–‰√
°—π µà“ß°—π·µà™◊ËÕ ·µà ¿“æ¢Õß„®
‡ªìπÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—π.
∫ÿ§§≈ºâ‰Ÿ ¡à¡§’ «“¡√—°æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“
„πÀ—«„® ‡¢“°Á‰¡à¡’πÈ”„®∑’˪≈àÕ¬«“ß
·¡â · µà πâ Õ ¬. ‡¡◊Ë Õ „¥∑’Ë „ ®ª√“»®“°
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß 2nd ed. New Delhi: Baba Barkha Nath

°‘ ‡ ≈ µ— ≥ À“ „®°Á ° ≈— ∫ ‡µÁ ¡ ‰ª¥â « ¬
§«“¡√—°. ∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˬ÷¥µ‘¥‚≈°·≈–«—µ∂ÿ
¢Õß‚≈°‰¡à “¡“√∂®–‡ªìπºâ√Ÿ °— æ√–‡ªìπ
‡®â“‰¥â. §π∑’Ë «¥ÕâÕπ¢Õ ‘ËߢÕß‚≈°
‡¢“°Á‰¡à„™à§π√—°æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“‡™àπ°—π.
Ò. Singh G, translator. §—¡¿’√åÕ“∑‘§√—π∂å.
Four volumes. Delhi: Gur Das Kapur
& Sons Private Ltd.; 1960. 1,430 p.
Ú. ¡À“√“™®√—π´‘ßÀå. The master answers.
7th ed. New Delhi: Baba Barkha Nath
Printers; 1993.
Û. Puri JR. The teachings of Guru Nanak.
Printers; 1993.
Ù. ¡À“√“™ «—π´‘ßÀå. Philosophy of the
master. 5th ed. New Delhi: Rakesh
N.I.A. Phase II; 1997.
ı. Singh I. Philosophy of guru nanak.
New Delhi; Raivjit; 1976.

Abstract Love
Sanan Chaiyanukul
Associate Member, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Royal Institute, Thailand
It is not easy to understand love because its true nature and greatness cannot be described in
words. It is a pure and delicate feeling or emotion, which can be experienced only by one who is in
love. It is beyond the capacity of the tongue or the pen to describe it in any human language. Actu-
ally, love is another name of God. And, just as it is not possible to reduce God’s greatness to mortal
dimensions, so also is it not possible to describe adequately in any words known to man, the gran-
deur and sublimity of love.
It is the natural desire of all human beings to be happy, and happiness is the fruit of concentra-
tion of the mind. This treasure of concentration and happiness of the mind can easily be obtained
through love, because these qualities are natural attributes of love. Without love, everything in this
world becomes subject to misery and misunderstanding, which causes domestic quarrels, religious
disputes, bloodshed and even wars among nations.
Wherever there is love there is life. Where there is no love, life is worthless. Actually a man is
not a true man unless he has within him the divine spark of love. God, in the form of love, is within
everybody.
Love is of two kinds. One is physical and man-made and the other is spiritual and divine.
Physical love is the love of worldly people who are continually tied to the world and its objects.
Divine love is that of the devotee of God and it establishes a permanent connection with God.
To obtain a further understanding of love it may be studied in a series of examples: love and
lust, love and attachment, love and beauty, love and knowledge, love and detachment.
Key word : love

§«“¡√—°
¯Úˆ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õß¡“≈“‡√’¬* π‘¿“ ®√Ÿ≠‡« ¡å

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

¡“≈“‡√’ ¬ ‡ªì π ‚√§‡°‘ ¥ ®“° — µ «å

¡’∫—π∑÷°æ∫‚√§¡“≈“‡√’¬‡¡◊ËÕª√–¡“≥ Ò,ˆ ªï °àÕπ§√‘ µå
»µ«√√…. „π §.». Ò ·≈– Ú  “¡“√∂«‘π‘®©—¬‚√§¡“≈“‡√’¬µ“¡
‡´≈≈凥’¬««ß»å ªÕ‚√´—«  °ÿ≈æ≈“ -
Õ“°“√‰¥â. §.». Ò¯¯ ≈“‡«Õ·√πæ∫‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬. §.». Ò¯˘˜- ‚¡‡¥’¬¡, ‡ªìπ‚√§∑’¡Ë ¡’ “π“π·≈â«. ®“°
Ò˘Ù¯ æ∫«ß™’æ¢Õß¡“≈“‡√’¬∑—Èß„π¬ÿß·≈–„π§π. ∫—π∑÷°‡°à“·°à∑’Ë ÿ¥¡’§”«à“ ¡“≈“‡√’¬
‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬¡’«‘«—≤π“°“√‡√‘Ë¡¥◊ÈÕ¬“∑’Ë„™â√—°…“µ—Èß·µà §.». ‡¢’¬π‰«â„πæ’√–¡‘¥ µ—Èß·µà Ò,ˆ ªï
Ò˘ˆÒ-Ò˘ˆÚ ¡’√“¬ß“π∑—Èß„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑». °≈
«‘∏“π°“√¥◊ÈÕ¬“§◊Õ : (°) ‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬ —¡º— °—∫¬“∑’Ë¡’√–¬–§√÷Ëß™’«‘µ
°àÕπ§√‘ µ°“≈. Edwin Smith Sur-
¬“«π“π‡°‘π‰ª ®÷߇°‘¥°“√°≈“¬¢ÕßÀπ૬æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ (®’π) ·≈– gical PapyrusÒ ‰¥â°≈à“««à“¡’‚√§‰¢â
¡“≈“‡√’¬‡ª≈’¬Ë π≈—°…≥–‚¥¬°“√ √â“߇Õπ´—¬¡å∑”„À⬓°¥‰¡à‰¥â ‡ª≈’¬Ë π Àπ“« —πË ·≈– “¡“√∂ªÑÕß°—π‰¥â‚¥¬„™â
«‘∂‡’ ¡·∑∫Õ≈‘ ¡ ·≈–‚¶√‚¡‚ ¡„Àâ¢∫— ¬“ÕÕ°®“°µ—«‰¥â¡“°¢÷πÈ ∂÷ß Ù- πÈ”¡—π®“°µâπ∫“≈“‰πµå∑“µ—«. ‡¡◊ËÕ
ı ‡∑à“; (¢) ¥◊ÈÕ¬“‡Õß‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß —¡º— °—∫¬“; (§) ∂à“¬∑Õ¥°“√
¥◊ÈÕ¬“‰ª¬—߬“Õ◊Ëπ∑’Ë¡’‚§√ß √â“ߧ≈⓬°—π.
Ù ªï°àÕπ§√‘ µ°“≈ Œ‘ª‚ª‡§√µ’ Ú
¬ÿß∑’ˇªìπæ“À–π”‚√§°Á¡’«‘«—≤π“°“√‚¥¬°“√‡ª≈’ˬππ‘ —¬°“√ ∫√√¬“¬≈—°…≥–‡«™°√√¡¢ÕߺŸâ∑’Ë¡’‰¢â
æ—°À≈—ߥŸ¥‡≈◊Õ¥®“°æ—°∑’ËΩ“∫â“π∑’Ëæàπ¥’¥’∑’¡“‡ªìπæ—°∑’Ëæÿࡉ¡â ·≈–¥◊ÈÕ Àπ“« —Ëπ‡ªìπ√–¬–, ‡Àß◊ËÕÕÕ° ¡â“¡‚µ,
µàÕ¥’¥’∑’. ∫“ß§π¡’‰¢â∑ÿ°«—π ·≈–¡’Õ“°“√√ÿπ·√ß
°“√«‘®—¬‰¥â¡’«‘«—≤π“°“√∑’ˇªìπª√–‚¬™πå  “¡“√∂«‘®—¬√Ÿâ∂÷ß欓∏‘
 √’√«‘∑¬“·≈–∑√“∫°”‡π‘¥æ¬“∏‘∑”„Àâ√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â∂Ÿ°µâÕß. πÕ°
®π‡ ’¬™’«‘µ. ™“«‚√¡—π∫—π∑÷°‰«â«à“
®“°π—Èπ ¬—ß “¡“√∂‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬‰¥â„πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß, À“Àπ૬ §π∑’ËÕ“»—¬„πªÉ“®–‡ªìπ‰¢â∫àÕ¬. „π
æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ ·≈–∑” ”‡π“‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬ √«¡∑—ÈßÀ“¡Õ‚π‚§≈π—≈·Õπµ‘- §√‘ µå»µ«√√…µâπÊ ‡»≈ — ‰¥âÕ∏‘∫“¬
∫Õ¥’¬å µàÕ‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬‰¥â¥â«¬. ≈—°…≥–‰¢â¡“≈“‡√’¬™π‘¥‰«·«°´å·≈–
¥â“π«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õß°“√√—°…“ ‰¥â¡’°“√º≈‘µ¬“„À¡àÊ ¢÷Èπ‡π◊ËÕß
®“°‡°‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬¥◊ÈÕ¬“À≈“¬¢π“π. ªí®®ÿ∫—π¬“√—°…“∑’Ë„™â‰¥â¥’
¡“≈“‡√’¬Õ’‰«âÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß. §.». ¯-
∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ §«‘߇Œ“ Ÿ ´÷Ëß —߇§√“–À剥âÕπÿæ—π∏å Û ™π‘¥ §◊Õ Õ“√å∑’ ÿ‡πµ ÒÛ ™“«®’π·≈–™“«Õ“À√—∫‰¥â∫π— ∑÷°
Õ“√å∑’¡’‡∏Õ√å, ·≈–Õ“√å∑’Õ’‡∑Õ√å. °“√√—°…“Õ◊Ëπ∑’Ë„™â√à«¡„π°“√√—°…“ ≈—°…≥–‰¢â®—∫ —Ëπ‰«â‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π. „π
ºŸâªÉ«¬Àπ—°§◊Õ °“√∂à“¬‡ª≈’ˬπ‡≈◊Õ¥. „πªí®®ÿ∫—π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚¥¬„™â ∑«’ ª Õ‡¡√‘ ° “‰¥â ‡ °‘ ¥ ‚√§¡“≈“‡√’ ¬
¬“‰¡à‰¥âº≈ ‡æ√“–‡™◊ÕÈ ¡“≈“‡√’¬¥◊ÕÈ ¬“ ®÷ßµâÕß„™â«∏‘ ª’ ÕÑ ß°—π‰¡à„Àâ¬ßÿ °—¥.
«‘«—≤π“°“√¥â“π°“√ªÑÕß°—πµàÕ‰ª§◊Õ °“√„™â«—§´’π´÷Ëß°”≈—ß«‘®—¬·≈–
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°°“√√ÿ ° √“π¢Õß™“« ‡ªπ
æ—≤π“Õ¬Ÿà. ™“«‚ª√µÿ ‡ °  ·≈–°“√π”∑“ ™“«
§” ”§—≠ : ‚√§¡“≈“‡√’¬, «‘«—≤π“°“√ ·Õø√‘°“‡¢â“¡“¥â«¬Û-ı. ¡“≈“‡√’¬„π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â¡’°≈à“«‰«â„π®¥À¡“¬
*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ò˘ ∏—𫓧¡ æ.». ÚıÙÙ ‡Àµÿ¢Õß≈“≈Ÿ·∫√å (Simon de la Lou-

π‘¿“ ®√Ÿ≠‡« ¡å
¯Ú˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
bère) „π §.». Òˆ˘Ò ·≈–¡’∫—π∑÷°„π
™à«ß ß§√“¡‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú «à“‡™≈¬»÷°
∑À“√æ—π∏¡‘µ√µ“¬‡æ√“–‚√§π’È„π°“√
 √â“ß –æ“π¢â“¡·¡àπÈ”·§«∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥
°“≠®π∫ÿ√’.
°“√æ∫‡™◊ÕÈ ¡“≈“‡√’¬
§.». Ò¯¯ Laveran˜ æ∫‡™◊ÈÕ
¡“≈“‡√’¬√–¬– exflagellation ®÷ßµ—Èß
™◊ËÕ«à“ Laveraria falcipara, ´÷Ëß„π
ªí®®ÿ∫π— §◊Õ Plasmodium falciparum
√–¬–‡´≈≈å ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå‡æ»ºŸâ, ∑”„À≥â√—∫
√“ß«—≈‚π‡∫≈„π §.». Ò˘˜. „π
§.». Ò¯¯Ù Gerhardt¯ ‰¥âæ‘ Ÿ®πå«à“
¡“≈“‡√’¬ “¡“√∂µ‘¥µàÕ‰ª¬—ß∫ÿ§§≈
Õ◊Ë π ‰¥â ‚ ¥¬©’ ¥ ‡≈◊ Õ ¥∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ® “°ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë
‡ªìπ¡“≈“‡√’¬„ÀâÕ“ “ ¡—§√, ·≈–„πªï
‡¥’¬«°—ππ’È Marchiafara ·≈– Celli˘
æ‘ Ÿ®πå«à“‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»
‡¡’¬º ¡æ—π∏ÿ°å π— ‰¥â.
§.». Ò¯˘Ò RomanowskyÒ ‰¥â
æ—≤π“«‘∏’°“√¬âÕ¡‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬∑”„Àâ
‡ÀÁπ‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬‰¥âÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π ·≈–
∑”„Àâ·¬°‡™◊ÕÈ ¡“≈“‡√’¬„π —µ«åÕÕ°®“°
‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬∑’ˇªì𠓇Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§„π
§π‰¥â. „π §.». Ò¯˘˜ Sir Ronand
RossÒÒ ‰¥âæ∫ Plasmodium falci-
parum „π‡≈◊Õ¥¬ÿß°âπª≈àÕß ·≈–æ‘ ®Ÿ πå
«à“°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ¡“≈“‡√’¬‡°‘¥®“° sporo-
zoite. µàÕ¡“‰¥â¡’°“√»÷°…“„π¡πÿ…¬å
‚¥¬„Àâ¬ÿß°âπª≈àÕß∑’Ë¡’‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬°—¥
Õ“ “ ¡— § √·≈â « Õ“ “ ¡— § √‡°‘ ¥ ‚√§
¡“≈“‡√’¬ÒÚ ∑”„Àâæ∫«ß™’æ¢Õß¡“≈“-
‡√’¬„π¬ÿß. µàÕ¡“„π §.». Ò˘ÛÙ Boyd
·≈– Stratman ThomasÒÛ æ∫«ß™’æ
¢Õß¡“≈“‡√’¬„π§π ‚¥¬©’¥‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“-
‡√’ ¬ ®“°µà Õ ¡πÈ” ≈“¬¬ÿ ß ‡¢â “ „πÕ“ “
 ¡—§√∑”„À⇪ìπ¡“≈“‡√’¬‰¥â. ®“°
°“√∑¥≈Õߥ—ß°≈à“«‰¥â𔉪„™â√—°…“
ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ‚√§ ’¬åøî≈‘ ¢÷Èπ ¡Õß ‚¥¬
°“√©’¥‡≈◊Õ¥ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ¡“≈“‡√’¬„Àâ
ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ ’¬åøî≈‘ ÒÙ. „π‡«≈“‡¥’¬«
°—π«‘∏’¥—ß°≈à“«‡ªìπº≈æ≈Õ¬‰¥â∑”„Àâ
‡°‘¥«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õߧ«“¡√Ÿâ‡°’ˬ«°—∫
‚√§¡“≈“‡√’¬ ∑—Èߪ√ ‘µ«‘∑¬“ 欓∏‘-
«‘∑¬“ °”‡π‘¥æ¬“∏‘ ·≈–≈—°…≥–‡«™-
°√√¡.
µâπ §.». ∑’Ë Ú ‰¥â¡’°“√°”®—¥
·À≈à ß ‡æ“–æ— π ∏ÿå ¬ÿ ß ‚¥¬„™â ¥’ ¥’ ∑’ Òı
(dichloro diphenyl-trichloroethane)
µà Õ ¡“‰¥â ¡’ ° “√ — ß ‡§√“–Àå   “√¶≈Õ-
√‘ ‡ π‡µ¥Œ— ¬ ‚¥√§“√å ∫ ÕπÕ◊Ë π Ê ‡™à π
¥‘‡Õ≈¥√‘π,  “√ª√–°Õ∫ÕÕ√å·°‚π-
øÕ øÕ√—  ‡™àπ ¡“≈“‰∏ÕÕπ, æ“√“-
‰∏ÕÕπ, ∑’¡’øÕ  ·≈– “√ —߇§√“–Àå
æ—¬√’∏√Õ¬¥å ‡™àπ ‡æÕ√凡∏√‘π ·≈–
‡¥≈µ“‡¡∏√‘π ‚¥¬À«—ß„Àâ¡“≈“‡√’¬
À¡¥‰ª®“°‚≈°.
§.». Ò˘ııÒˆ  ¡—™™“„À≠à¢Õß
Õߧ尓√Õπ“¡—¬‚≈°‰¥â®—¥ª√–™ÿ¡·≈–
µ—Èß«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å∑’Ë®–°”®—¥¡“≈“‡√’¬„Àâ
À¡¥‰ª®“°‚≈° ‚¥¬„™â«‘∏’°”®—¥¬ÿß
·≈–„™â¬“¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬™◊ËÕ‚§√ß°“√
«à “ Malaria Eradication Pro-
gramme. ‚§√ß°“√π’È„™â‡ß‘π®”π«π
¡“°  “¡“√∂≈¥Õ—µ√“µ“¬·≈–Õ—µ√“
ªÉ«¬‰¥â ·µà‰¡à “¡“√∂°”®—¥¡“≈“‡√’¬
„ÀâÀ¡¥‰ª®“°‚≈°‰¥â. ¥—ßπ—Èπ „π §.».
Ò˘ˆ˘ Ò˜  ¡— ™ ™“„À≠à ¢ ÕßÕß§å ° “√
Õπ“¡— ¬ ‚≈° ®÷ ß ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π‡ªì 𠧫∫§ÿ ¡
¡“≈“‡√’¬„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ ¿“槫“¡
¯Ú¯
‡ªì π ®√‘ ß ¢Õß·µà ≈ –ª√–‡∑»‡√’ ¬ °
‚§√ß°“√«à “ Antimalaria Pro-
gramme. «—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å‡æ’¬ß≈¥Õ—µ√“
µ“¬·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬‡∑à“π—Èπ.
ªí®®ÿ∫π— ¡’¡“≈“‡√’¬Õ¬Ÿà Ù ™π‘¥ §◊Õ
Ò. Plasmodium falciparum
Ú. Plasmodium vivax
Û. Plasmodium malariae
Ù. Plasmodium ovale
æ“À–π”‚√§§◊ Õ ¬ÿ ß °â π ª≈à Õ ß
(Anopheles) ¡’À≈“¬™π‘¥, ∑’Ë ”§—≠
§◊Õ
Ò. Anopheles minimus ™Õ∫
Õ¬Ÿ∫à √‘‡«≥µ’π¿Ÿ‡¢“.
Ú. Anopheles dirus balaba-
censis ¢Õ∫Õ¬Ÿà„πªÉ“·≈–¿Ÿ‡¢“.
Û. Anopheles sandaicus ™Õ∫
Õ¬Ÿà„ππÈ”°√àÕ¬ ™“¬∑–‡≈.
Ù. Anopheles maculatus ™Õ∫
Õ¬Ÿà∫√‘‡«≥ «π¬“ß.
ı. Anopheles aconitus ™Õ∫
Õ¬Ÿà∫√‘‡«≥∑ÿàßπ“.
°“√‰¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬‚¥¬°“√
∂Ÿ°¬ÿß°âπª≈àÕß∑’Ë¡’‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬Õ¬Ÿà„π
µàÕ¡πÈ”≈“¬¬ÿß°—¥.
«‘∑¬“°“√√–∫“¥
¡“≈“‡√’¬¡’°“√·æ√à°√–®“¬Õ¬à“ß
°«â“ߢ«“ß„πæ◊πÈ ∑’√Ë –À«à“ß≈–µ‘®¥Ÿ ∑’Ë ˆÙ
Õß»“‡Àπ◊Õ °—∫≈–µ‘®Ÿ¥∑’Ë ÛÚ Õß»“„µâ,
§√Õ∫§≈ÿ ¡ æ◊È π ∑’Ë ´÷Ë ß Õ¬Ÿà µË” °«à “ √–¥— ∫
πÈ”∑–‡≈∂÷ß Ù ‡¡µ√ ‡™àπ ∫√‘‡«≥
Dead sea ®π∂÷ßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“√–¥—∫πÈ”
∑–‡≈∂÷ß Ú,ˆ ‡¡µ√. ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’
ª√–™“°√ ∂÷ß Ú,ˆ ≈â“π§π„π Ò
°«à “ ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë µ—È ß Õ¬Ÿà „ π∫√‘ ‡ «≥¥— ß
«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õß¡“≈“‡√’¬

°≈à“«¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ªìπ¡“≈“‡√’¬‰¥â. „π
®”π«ππ’È Ú,Ú ≈â“π§π Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà
„πæ◊È π ∑’Ë ∑’Ë ¡’ ° “√§«∫§ÿ ¡ ·≈–ªÑ Õ ß°— π
¡“≈“‡√’¬,  à«πÕ’° Ù ≈â“π§π Õ“»—¬
„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’˪√“»®“°°“√§«∫§ÿ¡.
¡“≈“‡√’¬‡ªìπ Ò „π ı ‚√§∑’Ë
‡ªìπªí≠À“∑“ß«‘∑¬“°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß
‚´π√âÕπ´÷Ëß¡’ª√–™“°√Õ¬Ÿà√âÕ¬≈– ˜
ª√–¡“≥ Úı ≈â“π§πµàÕªï. ‡™◊ÈÕ
¡“≈“‡√’¬√âÕ¬≈– Ù ®“°∑«’ª·Õø√‘°“,
√âÕ¬≈– Ù-ı ®“°Õ—ø°“π‘ ∂“π
∫√“´‘≈ Õ‘π‡¥’¬ »√’≈—ß°“ ·≈–‰∑¬,
ª√–¡“≥ Ò-Û ≈â“π§π‡ ’¬™’«‘µµàÕªï.
·µà °à Õ πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬æ∫Õ— µ √“
ªÉ«¬ Òı-Û §π µàÕª√–™“°√
· π§π; „π æ.». ÚıÙÛ æ∫ Ò:ˆ
· π§πÒ¯. ¥‘π·¥π∑’˵‘¥°—∫ª√–‡∑»
°—¡æŸ™“ ‰¥â·°à µ√“¥ ®—π∑∫ÿ√’ ·≈–
¥‘π·¥π∑’˵‘¥°—∫æ¡à“ ‰¥â·°à ·¡àŒàÕß-
 Õπ, °“≠®π∫ÿ√’, √–πÕß ¡’Õ—µ√“‡ªìπ
‚√§ Ò,Ú-˜,ı §πµàÕª√–™“°√
· π§π.
«ß™’æ¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬∑ÿ°™π‘¥
®–‡À¡◊Õπ°—πÀ¡¥§◊Õ ¡’«ß™’æÕ¬Ÿà„π¬ÿß
(sporogony) ·≈–«ß™’æ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π§π
(schizogony) ·≈–‰¡à¡«’ «‘ ≤ — π“°“√‡≈¬
πÕ°®“° Plasmodium malariae ´÷Ëß
„πÕ¥’µ¡’«ß™’æ‡À¡◊Õπ Plasmodium
vivax §◊Õ¡’ hypnozoite, ·µàªí®®ÿ∫—π
‡À¡◊Õπ Plasmodium falciparum.
欓∏‘   √’ √ «‘ ∑ ¬“·≈–°”‡π‘ ¥
欓∏‘
«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õß欓∏‘ √’√«‘∑¬“
‰¥â ® “°°“√«‘ ®— ¬ ∑”„Àâ ‰ ¥â √Ÿâ ∂÷ ß °”‡π‘ ¥
欓∏‘¢Õß¡“≈“‡√’¬.
π‘¿“ ®√Ÿ≠‡« ¡å
欓∏‘   √’ √ «‘ ∑ ¬“¢Õß¡“≈“‡√’ ¬
ø“≈»‘æ“√—¡∑’¡Ë Õ’ “°“√·∑√°´âÕπ√ÿπ·√ß
¥—ß· ¥ß„π·ºπ¿“æ.
®“°°“√»÷ ° …“∑“ß欓∏‘   √’ √ -
«‘∑¬“ æ∫«à“
- ‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ßª√°µ‘ “¡“√∂
‡ª≈’¬Ë π√Ÿª√à“߉¥â‡¡◊ÕË ‡≈◊Õ¥‰À≈„πÀ≈Õ¥
‡≈◊Õ¥·§∫Ê, ‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß®–√’¥µ—«‡Õß
„Àâºà“π‰ª‰¥â, ·µà„πºŸâªÉ«¬¡“≈“‡√’¬
ø“≈´‘æ“√—¡‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß®–‡ª≈’ˬπ
√Ÿª√à“߉¥âπÕâ ¬≈ß∑”„ÀâÕ«—¬«–ª≈“¬∑“ß
‰¥â√—∫‡≈◊Õ¥πâÕ¬≈ß.
- ¡’ ¡∫—µ‘¬÷¥µ‘¥°—∫‡´≈≈å ‚¥¬
¬◊πË  “¬„¬ÕÕ°®“°ºπ—ߥâ“π„π¢Õ߇¬◊ÕË
∫ÿ À ≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥ΩÕ¬‰ª‡°“–µ‘ ¥ °— ∫ µÿà ¡
∫πº‘«‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß∑’Ë¡’‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬.
°“√¬÷ ¥ µ‘ ¥ °— π π’È ‡ √’ ¬ °«à “ cytoad-
herenceÒ˘ ∑”„Àâ°“√‰À≈‡«’¬π¢Õß
‡≈◊Õ¥¢—¥¢âÕß.
- ¡’ rosetting ¢Õ߇¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß
ª√°µ‘¡“≈âÕ¡‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß∑’¡Ë ¡’ “≈“‡√’¬
√–¬–·°àÀ√◊Õ√–¬–∑’ˇªìπ schizont ´÷Ëß
¡’ merozoites Õ¬Ÿ¿à “¬„πÚ, ∑”„À⇰‘¥
°“√‰À≈‡«’¬π¢Õ߇≈◊Õ¥‰¡à –¥«°.
- ∑’ ≈‘ ¬å ¡ ‚ø»— ¬ µå ° √–µÿâ π „Àâ ¡’
·¡‚§√‡ø®‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß®–‰ª°√–µÿâπ„Àâ
‡°‘¥ oxygen-derived free radical
·≈– “√µ— « °≈“ß°“√Õ— ° ‡ ∫ ‡™à π
ªí®®—¬°“√‡πà“µ“¬¢Õ߇π◊ÈÕßÕ°, Õ‘π-
‡µÕ√å≈‘«§‘π-Ò, æ√Õ µ“·°≈π¥‘π,
‚ª√‚§Õ–°ÿ·≈π∑å, ∑”„ÀâÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥¡’
§«“¡´÷¡ºà“π‰¥â ¡“°¢÷Èπ, πÈ”‡≈◊Õ¥´÷¡
ÕÕ°®“°À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥‰¥â¡“°¢÷Èπ∑”„Àâ
‡≈◊Õ¥¢âπ¢÷Èπ °“√‰À≈‡«’¬π‡≈◊Õ¥™â“≈ß.
 à«π ∫’ ≈‘¬¡å ‚ø»—¬µå∂°Ÿ °√–µÿπâ „Àâ √â“ß
·Õπµ‘∫Õ¥’¬å‰Õ®’.
¯Ú˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
- πÕ°®“°π—Èπ ‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß∑’Ë¡’
¡“≈“‡√’¬®–·µ°‡¡◊ËÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π
‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß·°à‡µÁ¡∑’˪≈àÕ¬‡¡Õ‚√-
´Õ¬µå ÕÕ°¡“‡¢â“‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ßª√°µ‘
„À¡à. ‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß∑’ˉ¡à¡’¡“≈“‡√’¬°Á
®–·µ°‰ª¥â « ¬‡æ√“– “√Õ‘ ¡ ¡Ÿ 𠇙‘ ß
´âÕπ∑’¡Ë “‡§≈◊Õ∫√Õ∫Ê ∑”ªØ‘°√‘¬“°—∫
·Õ𵑇®π, ∑”„À⺪⟠«É ¬¡’‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß
πâÕ¬≈ß.
- §«“¡‡ª√“–ÕÕ ‚¡µ‘§¢Õ߇¡Á¥
‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß∑’Ë¡’·≈–‰¡à¡’¡“≈“‡√’¬®–‡æ‘Ë¡
¡“°¢÷Èπ ∑”„À⇡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß·µ°ßà“¬.
º≈∑—È ß À¡¥¥— ß °≈à “ «π’È ® –∑”„Àâ
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕµà“ßÊ ¢Õß√à“ß°“¬‰¥â√—∫ÕÕ°-
´‘‡®π®“°‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ßπâÕ¬≈ß ‡°‘¥
¿“«–æ√àÕßÕÕ°´‘‡®π.
°”‡π‘ ¥ 欓∏‘ ‡ °‘ ¥ ®“°°“√∑’Ë
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¢“¥ÕÕ°´‘‡®π, ´÷Ëß∂Ⓡ°‘¥¢÷Èπ
°— ∫ Õ«— ¬ «–„¥°Á ® –∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ 欓∏‘
 ¿“æ„πÕ«—¬«–π—ÈπÊ §◊Õ
- ‡°‘ ¥ ∑’Ë   ¡Õß ∑”„Àâ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬¡’
Õ“°“√‰¡à√ Ÿâ °÷ µ—«, ™—° ‡√’¬°«à“ ¡“≈“‡√’¬
¢÷πÈ  ¡Õß.
- ‡°‘¥∑’ˉµ ∑”„Àâªí  “«–πâÕ¬
®π‰¡à¡’ªí  “«–‡≈¬ ‡°‘¥Õ“°“√‰µ≈â¡
‡À≈«‡©’¬∫æ≈—π ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°¡’ acute tu-
bular necrosis.
- ‡°‘¥∑’µË ∫— ∑”„Àâ¡Õ’ “°“√‡À≈◊Õß
°“√·¢Áßµ—«¢Õ߇≈◊Õ¥º‘¥ª√°µ‘ ·≈–
πÈ”µ“≈„π‡≈◊Õ¥µË”.
- ‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ∑’°Ë √–‡æ“–Õ“À“√ ≈”‰ â
∑”„Àâ¡’Õ“°“√§≈◊Ëπ‰ â Õ“‡®’¬π ∂à“¬
Õÿ®®“√–‡ªìππÈ” À√◊Õ‡ªìπ¡Ÿ°‡≈◊Õ¥ ·≈–
∑”„À⇰‘¥¿“«–‡≈◊Õ¥¡’ “√æ‘… À√◊Õ
‡≈◊Õ¥¡’·∫§∑’‡√’¬‰¥â ‡æ√“–ºπ—ß≈”‰ â
¢“¥‡≈◊Õ¥‰ª‡≈’Ȭ߮–¡’°“√‡ ’¬Àπâ“∑’Ë
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
∑”„Àâ · ∫§∑’ ‡ √’ ¬ ·≈– “√æ‘ … ¢Õß
·∫§∑’ ‡ √’ ¬ ´÷Ë ß ¡’ Õ ¬Ÿà „ π≈”‰ â ‡ ¢â “ ‰ª„π
°√–· ‡≈◊Õ¥.
- ∂Ⓡ°‘¥¢÷Èπ∑’˪ե ∑”„Àâ¡’πÈ”
‡≈◊Õ¥√—Ë«ÕÕ°‰ªÕ¬Ÿà„π∂ÿß≈¡¢Õߪե
‡°‘¥¿“«–ªÕ¥∫«¡πÈ”.
- ∂Ⓡ°‘¥®“°§«“¡º‘¥ª√°µ‘¢Õß
°“√·¢Áßµ—«¢Õ߇≈◊Õ¥, ªí®®—¬∑’Ë∑”„Àâ
‡°‘¥°“√·¢Áßµ—«∂Ÿ°„™âÀ¡¥‰ª ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’
‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ° ‡≈◊Õ¥°Á‰¡à “¡“√∂À¬ÿ¥‰¥â
∑”„Àâ¡’‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°‰¥â∑—Ë«µ—«. ∫“ß√“¬
‡°‘¥°“√·¢Áßµ—«¢Õ߇≈◊Õ¥Õÿ¥µ—π¿“¬„π
À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥∑—«Ë √à“ß°“¬ (disseminated
intravascular coagulation).
≈—°…≥–‡«™°√√¡
„πÕ¥’µºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ‰¢â¡“≈“‡√’¬
¡—°®–¡’Õ“°“√‰¢âÀπ“« —Ë𠪫¥À≈—ß
Õ“®¡’Õ“°“√§≈◊πË ‰ â Õ“‡®’¬π µ—«‡À≈◊Õß
µ—∫ ¡â“¡‚µ ·≈–√“¬∑’ˇªìπ√ÿπ·√ß®–¡’
Õ“°“√™—°À¡¥ µ‘ ·≈–¡—°®–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ.
√“¬∑’Ë ¡’ Õ “°“√√ÿ π ·√ß¡“°Ê ®–æ∫
‡©æ“–„π¡“≈“‡√’¬ø“≈»‘æ“√—¡‡∑à“π—πÈ .
ªí®®ÿ∫—π æ∫«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ‰¢â
¡“≈“‡√’¬®–¡’Õ“°“√‰¢âÀπ“« —Ëπ À√◊Õ
‰¡à —Ëπ°Á‰¥â. πÕ°®“°Õ“°“√™—°À¡¥
 µ‘·≈–Õ“°“√¥—ß°≈à“«·≈â« Õ“®æ∫«à“
ºŸªâ «É ¬¡’Õ“°“√æ√àÕßπÈ”µ“≈„π‡≈◊Õ¥‚¥¬
‡©æ“–À≠‘ßµ—Èߧ√√¿å∑’ˇªìπ¡“≈“‡√’¬,
Õ“®æ∫ªÕ¥∫«¡πÈ” ‰µ≈⡇À≈«‡©’¬∫
æ≈—π ªí  “«–ÕÕ°πâÕ¬¡“° ®π∂÷߉¡à
ÕÕ°‡≈¬, ‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°∑—Ë«µ—«, ™ÁÕ° ·≈–
¡’Õ“°“√∑âÕ߇¥‘π ´÷ËßÕ“°“√√ÿπ·√ßπ’È
®–æ∫„π¡“≈“‡√’¬ø“≈»‘æ“√—¡.
Õ“°“√®—∫‰¢â∑ÿ°«—π‡°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ
¡“≈“‡√’¬æ≈“ ‚¡‡¥’¬¡ø“≈»‘æ“√—¡.
Õ“°“√‰¢â ®— ∫ «— 𠇫â π «— π ‡°‘ ¥ ®“°‡™◊È Õ
‰«·«°´å·≈–‚Õ«“‡≈à.  à«π®—∫‰¢â«—π
‡«âπ Ú «—π‡°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬Õ’ ¬—ß
§ßæ∫‰¥â‡™àπ‡¥‘¡.
°“√«‘π®‘ ©—¬‚√§
‡®“–‡≈◊Õ¥ºŸªâ «É ¬¡“À“‡™◊ÕÈ ¡“≈“-
‡√’¬. ‚¥¬‡®“–‡≈◊Õ¥®“°ª≈“¬π‘È«·≈–
≈–‡≈߇≈◊ Õ ¥‡ªì π øî ≈å ¡ ∫“ß∫π·ºà π
°√–®°„ ·≈⫬âÕ¡¥â«¬ ’ «å‰√®∑å À√◊Õ
®’¡ â“,  àÕßµ√«®¥â«¬°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πå.
∂â“„™âø≈î ¡å ‡≈◊Õ¥Àπ“®–¬âÕ¡¥â«¬ ’ø≈ï ¥å.
ªí®®ÿ∫—ππÕ°®“°«‘∏’¥—ß°≈à“«·≈â«
‰¥â¡’«‘«—≤π“°“√°“√µ√«®‡æ◊ËÕ«‘π‘®©—¬
‚¥¬«‘∏’∑“ß«‘∑¬“Õ‘¡¡Ÿπ §◊Õ
- µ√«®‚¥¬«‘∏’ enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
- µ√«®‚¥¬«‘∏’ radioimmu-
noassay (RIA) ·≈– solid phase
RIA,  “¡“√∂µ√«®À“·Õ𵑠‡ ®π
¡“≈“‡√’¬∑’Ë¡’πâÕ¬„π‡≈◊Õ¥‰¥â.
- µ√«®À“ “√µâ“π‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬
(malaria antibody) ‚¥¬«‘∏’ immu-
nofluorescent assay (IFA) ·≈–
ELISA. «‘∏’π’È¡—°„™â„πß“π¥â“π«‘∑¬“
°“√√–∫“¥ ·≈–µ√«®°√ÕߺŸâ∑’Ë®–„Àâ
‡≈◊Õ¥‡∑à“π—πÈ ÚÒ,ÚÚ.
πÕ°®“°π’È ¬— ß À“‰¥â ‚ ¥¬«‘ ∏’
quantitative buffer coat test ·≈–«‘∏’
·∑ààß®ÿà¡ ´÷Ëß∑”‰¥â –¥«° √«¥‡√Á« ·≈–
„Àâº≈·¡ààπ¬”.
¬“¶à“‡™◊ÕÈ ¡“≈“‡√’¬
¡’«‘«—≤π“°“√¥—ßπ’È
¬ÿ§°“√§âπæ∫¬“§«‘π’π
- §.». ∑’Ë ÒÙ-Ò˜ Õ‘π‡¥’¬π·¥ß
¯Û
„πÕ‡¡√‘°“„µâ√Ÿâ®—°√—°…“¡“≈“‡√’¬‚¥¬
„™â πÈ” µâ ¡ ‡ª≈◊ Õ °‡ª√Ÿ ‡ «’ ¬ π. Juan
Lopez ‡ªìπºŸ∫â π— ∑÷°‰«â„π §.». Òˆ.
- §.». ÒˆÛ¯ Fray Antonio de
la Calancha ‰¥â∫—π∑÷°°“√„™âµâπ‰¡â
√—°…“‚√§π’.È
- §.». ÒˆˆÛ Bado ∫—π∑÷°‰«â
«à“‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπ‰¡âπ„’È ™â√°— …“‰¢â®∫—  —πË ¢Õß
Countess of Chinchon.
- §.».∑’Ë Ò˜-Ò¯ ¡“≈“‡√’ ¬
√–∫“¥Õ¬à“ß¡“°∑—Ë«¬ÿ‚√ª ·≈–°“√„™â
‡ª≈◊Õ°‰¡âπ’È√—°…“®π‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫∑—Ë«
¬ÿ‚√ª.
- §.». Ò˜ıı Linnaeus π—°
«‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å ™ “« «’ ‡ ¥π‰¥â µ—È ß ™◊Ë Õ
µâπ‰¡âπ’ȵ“¡™◊ËÕ¢Õß Countess of
Chinchon ·µà欗≠™π– h µ—«·√°
µ°‰ª®÷߇ªìπ Cinchona ®π∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫π— .
- §.». Ò¯Ú Pierre Pelletier
·≈– Joseph Caventou  “¡“√∂
 °—¥´‘ß‚§π“ ‰¥â·Õ≈§“≈Õ¬¥å§«‘π’π
·≈– cinchonine.
- §.». Ò¯ıÙ Justus Hasskar
π—°æƒ°…»“ µ√噓«‡π‡∏Õ√å·≈π¥åπ”
‡¡≈Á¥´‘ß‚§π“®“°‚∫≈‘‡«’¬·≈–‡ª√Ÿ‰ª
ª≈Ÿ ° ∑’Ë ª √–‡∑»Õ‘ π ‚¥π’ ‡ ´’ ¬ ®π°≈“¬
‡ªì π ·À≈à ß º≈‘ µ §«‘ π‘ π ∑’Ë „ À≠à ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ „π
ªí®®ÿ∫—π.
- §.». Ò¯˜Ú π—°∏√≥’«‘∑¬“
™“«Õ—ß°ƒ…™◊ËÕ Clements Markham
π”‡¡≈Á ¥ ´‘ ß ‚§π“‰ªª≈Ÿ ° ∑’Ë ª √–‡∑»
Õ‘π‡¥’¬·≈–»√’≈—ß°“.
¬ÿ§º≈‘µ¬“ —߇§√“–Àå
- √–À«à“ߠߧ√“¡‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Ò
«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õß¡“≈“‡√’¬

‰¥â¡’°“√µ—¥°“√ àߧ«‘π‘π‰ªª√–‡∑»
‡¬Õ√¡π’. ¥—ßπ—Èπ §.». Ò˘Úı π—°
«‘∑¬“»“ µ√噓«‡¬Õ√¡—π‰¥â ß— ‡§√“–Àå
¬“æ“¡“§«’πÚÛ ·≈–µàÕ¡“„π §.».
Ò˘Û ‰¥â —߇§√“–À嬓‡¡æ“§√’π (Õ–
‡µ∫√’π) ‰¥âÕ°’ .
- §.». Ò˘ÙÚ √–À«à“ߠߧ√“¡
‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú ≠’˪ÿÉπµ—¥°“√ àߧ«‘π’π.
- §.». Ò˘ÙÛ-Ò˘ÙÙ ‡¬Õ√¡π’
·≈– À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“º≈‘µ¬“ Ù-Õ–¡‘‚π-
§«‘‚π≈’π (¶≈Õ‚√§«’π) ´÷Ë߇ªì𬓶à“
‡™◊È Õ ¡“≈“‡√’ ¬ „π‡¡Á ¥ ‡≈◊ Õ ¥·¥ß ·≈–
µàÕ¡“ —߇§√“–Àå ¯-Õ–¡‘‚𧫑π‚π≈’π
¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„πµ—∫. Õ—ß°ƒ…
‰¥â§âπæ∫ dihydrofolate reductase
inhibitor ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚æ√°«“π‘≈
·≈–æ—¬√‘‡¡∏“¡’π.
- À≈—ߠߧ√“¡‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú ‰¥â
π‘ ¬ ¡„™â ¶ ≈Õ‚√§«’ π ∑—È ß „π°“√√— ° …“
·≈–ªÑÕß°—π°—π¡“° ·≈–ߥ„™â§«‘π’π.
- §.». Ò˘ˆÚÚ,Úı ‡™◊ÕÈ ¡“≈“‡√’¬
ø“≈»‘æ“√—¡¥◊ÈÕ¬“¶≈Õ‚√§«’π ∑—Èß„π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑».
- §.». Ò˘ˆ-Ò˘ˆˆ ‰¥âπ”‡Õ“
¬“ —≈ø“ ‡™àπ  —≈ø“≈’π ·≈– —≈ø“-
¥Õ°´’ π √«¡°— ∫ æ— ¬ √‘ ‡ ¡∏“¡’ π ™◊Ë Õ
·øπ ‘¥“√å „™â√—°…“¡“≈“‡√’¬¥◊ÈÕ¬“
¶≈Õ‚√§«’π. µàÕ¡“‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬°Á
¥◊ÈÕ¬“π’ÈÕ’° ®÷ßµâÕß°≈—∫¡“„™â§«‘π’π.
- §.». Ò˘ˆ˜-Ò˘˜Ù  ∂“∫—π
°“√·æ∑¬å ∑ À“√¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘ ° “‰¥â µ—È ß
§≥–°√√¡°“√‡æ◊ÕË §âπÀ“¬“„À¡à ‰¥â¬“
‡¡‚ø≈§«’π π”¡“„™â·∑π‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥
°“√¥◊ÈÕµàÕ¬“§«‘π‘π™â“≈ß.
- §.». Ò˘¯ˆ ¡“≈“‡√’¬ø“≈»‘-
æ“√—¡¥◊ÕÈ ¬“‡¡‚ø≈§«’πÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«.
π‘¿“ ®√Ÿ≠‡« ¡å
- §.» Ò˘˜ ®’π‰¥â‡√‘Ë¡ °—¥¬“
®“°µâπ‰¡â™◊ËÕ QinghaoÚˆ ´÷Ëß®’π„™â
‡ªì π  ¡ÿ π ‰æ√√— ° …“‰¢â ´÷Ë ß §‘ ¥ «à “ ‡°‘ ¥
®“°¡“≈“‡√’¬¡“π“π°«à“ Ò, ªï·≈â«
·≈–‰¥â¬“ Qinghaosu À√◊ÕÕπÿæ—π∏ÿ⁄å
artemisinin µàÕ¡“.
- §.». Ò˘¯Û ‰¥â¡’°“√æ—≤π“
«‘∏’∑“߇§¡’¢Õß artemisinin ‰¥âÕπÿ-
æ—π∏åÿ∑’Ë ”§—≠ Ú ™π‘¥ §◊Õ artemether
·≈– artesunate ´÷Ë߉¥âπ”¡“„™â√—°…“
¡“≈“‡√’¬ø“≈»‘æ“√—¡∑’Ë¥◊ÈÕ¬“. ¢≥–π’È
‡ªìπ¬“∑’Ë¥’¡“°  “¡“√∂¶à“¡“≈“‡√’¬
‰¥â∑°ÿ ™π‘¥√«¥‡√Á«·≈–¡’ƒ∑∏‘·Ï ∑√°´âÕπ
πâÕ¬.
- Ûı ªï·≈â«∑’Ë„™â§«‘π’π ·≈–°Á
¬—ß„™â‰¥â¥’¡“°Õ¬Ÿà®π°√–∑—ËßÀ≈—ß §.».
Ò˘˜Ù ‰¥â‡√‘Ë¡¡’°“√µÕ∫ πÕߢÕß
¡“≈“‡√’¬ø“≈»‘æ“√—¡µàÕ§«‘π‘ππâÕ¬≈ß
·µà¬—߉¡à∂÷ß°—∫¥◊ÈÕ¬“.
- ¬“Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’ˉ¥âº≈‘µ·≈–∑¥≈Õß
„™â„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’ desferrioxamine,
halofantrene, atovaquone, enpy-
roline, ¬“„™â√à«¡°—∫§«‘π’π¡’‡µµ√–-
»—¬§≈’π, Õ’√’¬å‚∏√¡—¬»‘𠇪ìπµâπ.
«‘«—≤π“°“√¥â“π°“√√—°…“Õ◊Ëπ
πÕ°®“°„™â¬“¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬ „™â
Ò. °“√√— ° …“µ“¡Õ“°“√·≈–
¿“«–·∑√°´âÕπ ‰¥â¡’°“√æ—≤𓉪
¡“° ‡™àπ °“√≈â“߉µ„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’‰µ
≈â ¡ ‡À≈«, °“√„™â ‡ §√◊Ë Õ ß™à « ¬À“¬„®
·∫∫·√ߥ— π ∫«°™à « ß ÿ ¥ À“¬„®ÕÕ°
™à«¬ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’ªÕ¥∫«¡πÈ”.
Ú. °“√∂à“¬‡ª≈’ˬπ‡≈◊Õ¥ ´÷Ëß
®–™à « ¬ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬Õ“°“√√ÿ π ·√ß∑’Ë ¡’ ‡ ™◊È Õ
¡“≈“‡√’¬¡“°„π‡≈◊Õ¥‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’
‚¥¬®–°”®—¥‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬ÕÕ°‰ª‰¥â
¯ÛÒ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
¡“°·≈–√«¥‡√Á« √«¡∑—ÈߢÕ߇ ’¬µà“ßÊ
·≈– “√æ‘ … ÕÕ°‰ª®“°µ— « ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬,
 “¡“√∂™à«¬™’«‘µºŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â.
«‘«≤
— π“°“√¥â“π°“√«‘®¬—
- §.». Ò˘˜ˆ Trager ·≈–
Jensen  “¡“√∂‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬
ø“≈»‘æ“√—¡‰¥â„πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß.
-  “¡“√∂À“Àπ૬æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡
¢Õß¡“≈“‡√’¬ ∑”„Àâ√°Ÿâ ≈«‘∏“π°“√¥◊ÕÈ ¬“
·≈– “¬æ—π∏ÿ¢å Õß¡“≈“‡√’¬‰¥â.
-  “¡“√∂∑” DNA cloning
¢Õß circumsporozoite (cs) protein
¢Õß¡“≈“‡√’ ¬ ø“≈»‘ æ “√— ¡ ‰¥â  ”‡√Á ®
·≈–æ∫·Õ𵑠‡ ®π®”‡æ“–¢Õ߇™◊È Õ π’È
¥â«¬ ‚¥¬ Enea „πªï Ò˘¯ÙÚ˜.
-  “¡“√∂À“«‘∏«’ π‘ ®‘ ©—¬‚√§ ®“°
DNA ¢Õ߇™◊È Õ ¡“≈“‡√’ ¬ ‚¥¬«‘ ∏’
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡®”‡æ“– Ÿß ·¬°™π‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ
¡“≈“‡√’¬‰¥â ·≈–À“‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬∑’Ë¡’
®”π«ππâÕ¬ ∑’ÀË “‚¥¬«‘∏∏’ √√¡¥“‰¡àæ∫,
‡À¡“–„π∑“ß«‘∑¬“°“√√–∫“¥ ª√–‡¡‘π
º≈°“√„™â«—§´’π‰¥â ·≈–„™âµ√«®°√Õß
ºŸâ∫√‘®“§‡≈◊Õ¥‰¥â¥â«¬.
- «‘ ®— ¬ ‡æ◊Ë Õ À“欓∏‘   √’ √ «‘ ∑ ¬“
·≈–°”‡π‘¥æ¬“∏‘¢Õß‚√§¡“≈“‡√’¬.
- ß“π«‘®¬— ∑“ߥâ“π«‘∑¬“Õ‘¡¡Ÿπ.
«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬
ø“≈»‘æ“√—¡
‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬∑’Ë¥◊ÈÕ¬“.
°≈«‘∏“π°“√¥◊ÈÕ¬“
°“√„™â¬“µâ“π¡“≈“‡√’¬Õ¬à“ß·æ√à
À≈“¬·≈–º‘¥«‘∏’‡ªìπº≈„À⇰‘¥¿“«–
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
¥◊ÈÕ¬“‰¥â‡√Á«¢÷Èπ. ‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬∑’ˉ¡à
∂Ÿ ° ∑”≈“¬‡¡◊Ë Õ °≈“¬‡ªì π √–¬–¡’ ‡ æ»
®–¡’‚Õ°“ º ¡æ—π∏ÿå√–À«à“߇™◊ÈÕ¥◊ÈÕ
¬“µà“ß™π‘¥„π°√–‡æ“–¬ÿß ∑”„À≥â
 ªÕ‚√´Õ¬µå ∑’Ë ¡’ À πà « ¬æ— π ∏ÿ ° √√¡
¥◊ÈÕ¬“´÷ËßÕ“®®–√ÿπ·√ß°«à“ “¬æ—π∏ÿå
æàÕ·≈–·¡à.
¿“«–°“√¥◊ÈÕ¬“æ∫‰¥â„π
Ò. Drug induced resistance
‡°‘¥®“° :-
°. °“√„™â¬“¡“≈“‡√’¬∑—Ë«‰ª
„π«ß°«â“ß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡¡◊ËÕ§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡
ª√–™“°√¡“°°«à“√âÕ¬≈– ÚıÚ¯.
- „ ™â ¢ π “ ¥ ¬ “ µË” ° «à “
¡“µ√∞“𠇙àπ 𔉪„™â„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π,
ºŸâªÉ«¬‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√°‘π¬“.
- „™â¬“∑’Ë¡’√–¬–‡«≈“§√÷Ëß
™’«‘µπ“π ‡°‘¥°“√°≈“¬Àπ૬æ—π∏ÿ-
°√√¡‡ªìπæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¥◊ÈÕ¬“.
¢. ¡“≈“‡√’¬‡ª≈’ˬπ≈—°…≥–
®“°‡¥‘¡
-  √â “ ߇Õπ´— ¬ ¡å ∑’Ë ® –‰¡à
∂Ÿ°®—∫·≈–∂Ÿ°°¥¥â«¬¬“.
- ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß«‘∂’‡¡·∑-
∫Õ≈‘ ¡.
-  √â“ß “√µàÕµâ“π¬÷¥®—∫
µ—«¬“ À√◊Õ “√æ‘…∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¬“.
- ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ߧ«“¡´÷ ¡
ºàà“π‰¥â®πµ—«¬“‡¢â“‰ª‰¡à∂÷ß.
- ‚¶√‚¡‚ ¡‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π‰ª
 “¡“√∂¢—∫¬“ÕÕ°®“°µ—«‰¥â¡“°°«à“
¡“≈“‡√’¬∑’ˉ¡à¥◊ÈÕ¬“ Ù-ı ‡∑à“Ú˘.
Ú. Spontaneous point muta-
tion ¥◊ÈÕ¬“‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß —¡º— °—∫¬“
‰¥â·°à ¿“«–¥◊ÈÕ¬“„π°≈ÿà¡ dihydro-
folate reductase inhibitorÛ ·≈–‡™◊ÕÈ
¡“≈“‡√’ ¬ ø“≈»‘ æ “√— ¡ ∫“ß™π‘ ¥ ∑’Ë ¥◊È Õ
µàÕ¬“¶≈Õ‚√§«’πÛÒ.
Û. ¿Ÿ¡‘µâ“π∑“π‰¢«â  ¡∫—µ‘¢Õß
¡“≈“‡√’¬¥◊ÕÈ µàÕ¬“µ—«Àπ÷ßË Õ“®∂à“¬∑Õ¥
 Ÿà¬“Õ’°µ—«Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–‚§√ß √â“ß
„°≈⇧’¬ß°—𠇙à𠬓§«‘π’π ·≈–‡¡-
‚ø≈§«’πÛÚ,ÛÛ ‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬∑’Ë¥◊ÈÕ¬“®–
·æ√àæπ— ∏ÿµå Õà ‰ª‡√◊ÕË ¬Ê µ“¡∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õß
MendelinaÛÙ ∑”„Àâ¿“«–¥◊ÈÕ¬“®–§ß
Õ¬ŸàµàÕ‰ª ·¡â«à“®–‡≈‘°„™â¬“π—Èπ‰ªπ“π
·≈â«°Áµ“¡.
¿“«–¥◊ÈÕ¬“¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕø“≈»‘æ“√—¡
µàÕ¬“¶≈Õ‚√§«’π ‡√‘¡Ë ¡’√“¬ß“π„π §.».
Ò˘ˆ ·≈–¡’ √ “¬ß“π‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¡“°¢÷È π
‡√◊ËÕ¬ ®π§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡ª√–‡∑» à«π„À≠à
∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ∂‘Ë π ¡“≈“‡√’ ¬ √«¡∑—È ß ª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬Ûı,Ûˆ §.». Ò˘¯ ‡™◊ÈÕ‡√‘Ë¡¥◊ÈÕ¬“
 —≈ø“¥Õ°´’π-æ—¬√‘‡¡∏“π’πÛ˜ ∑’ºË ≈‘µ
¢÷πÈ „™â·∑π¶≈Õ‚√§«’π. „π §.». Ò˘¯Ù
‡°‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ¥◊ÈÕ¬“‡¡‚ø≈§«’πÛ¯,Û˘ ´÷Ëߺ≈‘µ
¡“„™â·∑π —≈ø“¥Õ°´’π-æ—¬√‘‡¡∏“π’π.
§.». Ò˘˜Ù ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õ߬“§«‘ππ’
µàÕ‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬≈¥≈ßÙÒ µâÕß„™â¢π“¥
¬“‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ·≈–π“π«—π¢÷Èπ ·≈–„Àâ√à«¡
°—∫¬“‡µµ√–»—¬§≈’π ®÷ß®–∑”„ÀâÀ“¬
¢“¥‰¥âÙÚ,ÙÛ.
‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬‰«·«°´å¥◊ÈÕ¬“
„π §.». Ò˘¯ ‡√‘Ë¡¡’√“¬ß“π
¡“≈“‡√’ ¬ ‰«·«°´å √ –¬–øí ° µ— « „πµ— ∫
¥◊ÈÕ¬“‰æ√¡“§«’πÙÛ µâÕ߇æ‘Ë¡¢π“¥¬“
¡“°¢÷Èπ®“° Òı ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/«—𠇪ìπ
ÚÚ-ı ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/«—πÙÙ,Ùı. √–¬–‰√â
‡æ»„π‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß‡√‘Ë¡¥◊ÈÕµàÕ‚ª√-
§«“π‘≈ ·≈–æ—¬√‘‡¡∏“¡’𠇙◊ÕÈ ‰«·«°´å
„π·∂∫Õ‘π‚¥π’‡´’¬ ·≈–ª“ªí«π‘«°‘π’
¯ÛÚ
‡√‘Ë¡¥◊ÈÕµàÕ¶≈Õ‚√§«’π.
«‘«≤
— π“°“√¢Õ߬ÿß
- ¬ÿ ß ¥◊È Õ µà Õ ¬“æà π ¥’ ¥’ ∑’ „ π∫“ß
æ◊Èπ∑’Ë. ªí®®ÿ∫—π°“√æà𬓰”®—¥¬ÿß „™â
‡¥≈µ“‡¡∏√‘¡.
- ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ ππ‘  — ¬ °“√æ— ° À≈— ß ¥Ÿ ¥
‡≈◊Õ¥. ·µà°àÕπÀ≈—߬ÿߥŸ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·≈â«®–
æ—°‡°“–Õ¬Ÿàµ“¡Ω“ºπ—ß∫â“π·≈â«®÷ß∫‘π
ÕÕ°‰ª ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ßæàπ¥’¥’∑’ µ“¡Ω“∫â“π
Àπ⓵à“ß ‡æ¥“π ¥’¥’∑’®–µ‘¥ªï°·≈–
¢“¬ÿß∑”„Àâ¬ÿßµ“¬‰¥â. ·µàªí®®ÿ∫—π¬ÿß
‰¡à‡°“–Ω“∫â“π®–∫‘πÕÕ°‰ª‡°“–µ“¡
µâπ‰¡â„°≈â∫“â π, ∑”„Àâ¬ßÿ ‰¡à‰¥â ¡— º— °—∫
¥’¥’∑’.
«‘«—≤π“°“√¥â“π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢
„πÕ¥’µ
- æàπ¬“¶à“¬ÿß (¥’¥’∑’) µ“¡Ω“
ºπ—߇ªìπ√–¬–Ê.
- æàπ¬“¶à“¬ÿß„π·À≈à߇擖æ—π∏ÿå
¬ÿß.
- ·®°¬“µâ “ π‡™◊È Õ ¡“≈“‡√’ ¬ „Àâ
§π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π·¥π¡“≈“‡√’¬‡ªìπ√–¬–.
‰¡à‰¥âº≈‡æ√“–
Ò. ‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ‡ ¢â “ ‰ªæà 𠬓‰¡à
µ‘¥µàÕ°—π ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
- °“√∑”‰√à‡≈◊ÕË π≈Õ¬
- ¬â“¬∑’∑Ë ”°‘π‰ª‡√◊ÕË ¬Ê
Ú. ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’ˉ¡àæà𬓠‡æ√“–
- ∫“ßæ◊Èπ∑’ˇªìπªÉ“≈÷° ‡®â“
Àπâ“∑’ˇ¢â“‰ª‰¡à∂÷ß
- ‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ∑”ß“π‡Õß
·≈–‡Õ“¥’¥’∑’‰ª¢“¬
Û. °“√·®°¬“∑”‰¡àµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß°—π
‡æ√“–
«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õß¡“≈“‡√’¬

- ¬â“¬∑’∑Ë ”°‘π
- ‰¡à¬Õ¡°‘π¬“
- ‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ‰ ª·®°¬“
°≈—∫‡Õ“¬“‰ª¢“¬, æ∫‰¥â„πª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬.
Ù. æ◊Èπ∑’ˇªìπªÉ“‡¢“ ¡’≈”∏“√πÈ”
„  –Õ“¥ ¡’‡ß“√ࡉ¡â ´÷Ë߇ªìπ·À≈àß
‡æ“–æ—π∏ÿ¬å ßÿ ∑’¥Ë .’
- ¬—ߧߡ’§π∑’Ë¡’‡™◊ÈÕ¡“≈“‡√’¬
Õ¬Ÿ.à
°“√°«“¥≈â“ß¡“≈“‡√’¬‰¡à‰¥âº≈.
∑“ßÕß§å ° “√Õπ“¡— ¬ ‚≈°®÷ ß ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π
‡ªìπ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡·∑π.
°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‰¥âº≈¥’¢π÷È ∑”„ÀâÕµ— √“
°“√µ“¬¢ÕߺŸâ ªÉ « ¬¡“≈“‡√’ ¬ ≈¥≈ß
‡æ√“–
Ò. æ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ≈¥≈ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√
µ—¥‰¡â∑”≈“¬ªÉ“
- ∑”„Àâ ¢ “¥·À≈à ß πÈ” ‡æ“–
æ—π∏ÿ¬å ßÿ
- ¢“¥√ࡇߓ‰¡â
Ú. ®”π«ππ— ° ∑— » π“®√‰ª·¥π
¡“≈“‡√’¬ ¡“°¢÷Èπ∑”„ÀâπÈ” °ª√° ¬ÿß
°âπª≈àÕ߇擖æ—π∏ÿå‰¡à‰¥â.
Û. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ ¢ µ—È ß §≈‘
π‘§¡“≈“‡√’¬„π·¥π¡“≈“‡√’¬∑”„Àâ
- «‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬ ‚√§‰¥â µ—È ß ·µà · √°
‡ªìπ
- ‰¥â√—∫°“√√—°…“∑—π∑’
Ù. °“√§«∫§ÿ¡¬—߉¡à‰¥âº≈√âÕ¬≈–
Ò ‡æ√“–
- ¡“≈“‡√’¬¥◊ÈÕµàÕ¬“ªÑÕß°—π
∑ÿ°™π‘¥ ∑’ˬ—ß„™â‰¥â°Á¡’°“√¥◊ÈÕ¬“¡“°
¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê
- ¬—ߧߡ’§π‡¢â“‰ª∑”ß“π„π
ªÉ“ ‡™àπ µ—¥µâπ‰¡â ¢ÿ¥∑Õß.
π‘¿“ ®√Ÿ≠‡« ¡å
«‘«≤
— π“°“√¥â“π°“√ªÑÕß°—π „π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
- Õ¥’µ °“√„™â¬“∑’Ë¡’√–¬–‡«≈“
§√÷Ëß™’«‘µ¬“« ·≈–„™â¢π“¥µË”„π°“√
ªÑÕß°—π ®÷߇°‘¥°“√¥◊ÈÕ¬“. ªí®®ÿ∫—π®÷ß
‰¡à¡’¬“∑’Ë®–„™âªÑÕß°—π‰¥âº≈.
- ªí®®ÿ∫—π„™â«‘∏’ªÑÕß°—π‰¡à„Àâ¬ÿß
°— ¥ ‚¥¬∑“¬“°— π ¬ÿ ß , πÕπ°“ß¡ÿâ ß
‡¢â“‰ªÕ¬Ÿ„à π¡ÿßâ ≈«¥µ—ßÈ ·µàÀ«— §Ë”°àÕπ¬ÿß
ÕÕ°À“°‘π. ∂⓵—Èß§à“¬æ—°µâÕ߇≈◊Õ°∑’Ë
µ—Èß„ÀâÀà“ß®“°∫àÕπÈ” ≈”∏“√, ·≈–§«√
 ÿ¡‰ø‡æ◊ËÕ‰≈à¬ÿß À√◊Õ®ÿࡇ ◊Èպⓠ¡ÿâß „π
πÈ”¬“¶à“¬ÿß™π‘¥„À¡à™◊ËÕ‡æÕ√凡∏√‘¡
‡ªìπ “√æ—¬√’∏√Õ¬¥å ´÷Ëß®–Õ¬Ÿà‰¥âπ“π.
∂â“°≈—∫°√ÿ߇∑æœ À√◊Õ‡¢â“¡“Õ¬Ÿ„à π‡¡◊Õß
·≈â«¡’‰¢â¿“¬„π ˜-ÒÙ «—π µâÕ߉ª
æ∫·æ∑¬å·≈–∫Õ°·æ∑¬å∂÷ß°“√ÕÕ°
‰ªÕ¬ŸàπÕ°‡¡◊Õß („π «πÀ√◊Õ„πªÉ“
¥â«¬).
- Õ𓧵 Õ“®„™â«—§´’π ´÷Ë߇√‘Ë¡
«‘®—¬µ—Èß·µà §.».Ò˘˜ı. ªÑ®®ÿ∫—π°”≈—ß
æ—≤π“°“√∑¥≈Õß °“√º≈‘µ ª√—∫ª√ÿß
§ÿ≥¿“æ ·≈–«‘®—¬Õ¬ŸàÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬
„π§π‰¥â·°à «—§´’π SPF 66Ùˆ,Ù˜ ´÷Ëß
µàÕ¡“√“¬ß“π®“°À≈“¬ª√–‡∑»æ∫«à“
‰¡à¡ª’ √– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π¡“≈“-
‡√’¬.
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Ò. Brcasted JH. The Edwin Smith Sur-
gical Papyrus. Chicago, Illinois: Uni-
versity of Chicago Press; 1930.
¯ÛÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
Ú. Boyd MR. Malariology. Philadel-
phia, Pensylvania: Saunders; 1949.
Û. Coatney GR. The simian malarias
Zoonoses anthroporoses or both. Am
J Trop Med Hyg 1971; 20: 795-803.
Ù. Sulzer AJ, Cantela R, Colichon A,
Gleason NN, Wals KW. A focus of
hyperendemic Plasmodium malariae,
P. virax with no P. falcipurum in a
primitive population in the Peruvian
Amazonian jungle. Studies by means
of immunofluoresence and blood
smear. Bull WHO 1975; 52: 273-8.
ı. Jarcho S. Some observation on dis-
ease in pre-historic North America.
Bull Hist Med 1964; 38: 1-18.
ˆ. ª√–∑’∫ ™ÿ¡æ≈. ª√–«—µ»‘ “ µ√å°“√·æ∑¬å
·ºπ‰∑¬ °“√»÷°…“®“°‡Õ° “√µ”√“¬“.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ: ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬»‘≈ª“°√; ÚıÙÒ.
˜. Laveran A. Traite des fevers
palustres. Doin Paris; 1939.
¯. Gerhardt E. Uber intermitten-
simplugen. Z Klin Med 1884; 7: 372-
7.
˘. Machiafava E, Celli A Nuove
Ricerche sulla infezione malarica.
Arch Sci Med 1885; 9:311-40.
Ò. Romanowsky Dl. Zue Frage der
Parasitologie and therapic der Malaris
St. Petusb Med Vochemschr 1891;
16: 297-707.
ÒÒ. Ross R. On some peculiar pigmented
cell found in two mosquitoes fed on
malaria blood. Br Med J 1987; 2:
1786-8.
ÒÚ. Garnham PCC. Malaria parasite and
other haemosporidea. Oxford: Black
Well; 1966.
ÒÛ. Boyd MF, Stratman-Thomas WK.
Studies on benign tertian malaria. 1
Some observations on inoculation and
onset. Am J Hyg 1934; 2: 488-93.
ÒÙ. Von Wagner-Jauregg J. Treatment
of general paralysis of inoculation of
malaria. J Neural & Ment Dis 1922;
55: 369-75.
Òı. Muller P. DDT Das insektizid
dichloridiphenyltrichlorathan and
Seine Bedeutung. Basel: Birkhouser;
1955. p. 14-23.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
Òˆ. World Health Organization Resolu-
tion WHA 8:30. Off Rec WHO 1955'
63: 31.
Ò˜. World Health Organization Resolu-
tion WHA 22:39 Off Rec WHO 1969;
176:18 and Annex 13.
Ò¯. ª√–¬Ÿ√ °ÿ≥“»≈. °“√√–∫“¥¢Õß¡“≈“‡√’¬
„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ªï ÚıÙÛ, °Õߧ«∫§ÿ¡
‚√§µ‘¥µàÕ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ (µ‘¥µàÕ
 à«πµ—«).
Ò˘. Udeinya I, Aikawa H, Schmidt JA,
Miller LH, Green I. Falciparum ma-
laria infected erythrocytes bind to
cultured human endothelial cells.
Science 1961; 213: 555-7.
Ú. Krishna S. Science, medicine and
the future malaria. Br Med J 315:
730-2.
ÚÒ. Bruce-Chwatt LJ. Essential malari-
ology. 2nd ed. London: William
Heinemann Medical Books; 1985. p.
103-26.
ÚÚ. Bradley DJ, Newbold CI, Warrell
DA. Malaria. In: Weatherall DJ,
Ledingham GG, Warrell DA, editors.
Oxford textbook of medicine, 2nd ed.
Oxford: Oxford Univ Press; 1987. p.
5.474-502.
ÚÛ. Schulemann W. Synthetic antima-
larial preparations. Proc R Soc Med
1932; 25: 897-905.
ÚÙ. µ√–Àπ—°®‘µ À–√‘≥ ÿµ, ¡‘§–‡ π S, ¥π—¬
∫ÿππ“§. Chloroquine resistance plas-
modium falciparum in Thailand.
UNESCO 1st Regional Symposium
on Scientific Knowledge of Tropical
parasites Singapore 1962 DC 148-53.
Úı. Young MD, Moore DV. Chloroquine
resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1961; 10: 317-
20.
Úˆ. »√™—¬ À≈ŸÕ“√’¬å ÿ«√√≥, ¥π—¬ ∫ÿππ“§. ´‘ß
‡Œ“´Ÿ :  ¡ÿ π ‰æ√®’ π √— ° …“¡“≈“‡√’ ¬ .
«“√ “√‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ÚıÚ˘; Û: Ò˘˘-
Úˆ.
Ú˜. Enea V, Ellis J, Zavala F, et al. DNA
cloning of Plasmodium falciparum
circumsporozoite gene amino acid
sequence of repetitive epitope. Sci-
ence 1984; 225: 628-30.
Ú¯. Cross AP, Singer B. Modelling the
development of resistance of Plas-
modium falciparum to antimalarial
drugs. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
1991; 85: 349-55.
Ú˘. Wellems TE. How chloroquine
works. Nature 1992; 355: 108-9.
Û. Foote SJ, Galatis D, Cowman AF.
Amino acids in the dihydrofolate re-
ductase-thymidylate synthease gene
of Plasmodium falciparum involved
in cycloguanil resistance differ from
those in pyrimethamine resistance.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87:
3014-7.
ÛÒ. Wilson CM, Serrano AE, Walsey A,
Bogenschutz MP, Shankar AH, Wirth
DF. Amplificetion of a gene related
to mamalian mdr genes in drug-re-
sistant Plasmodium falciparum. Sci-
ence 1989; 244: 1184-6.
ÛÚ. World Health Organization. The role
of artemisinin and its derivatives in
the current treatment of malaria
(1994-1995). Report of an informal
consultation convened by WHO in
Geneva, 27-29 September 1993; 1-
49.
ÛÛ. Brasseur P, Kouamouo J, Brandicourt
O, Moyor SR, Druilhe P. Patterns of
in vitro resistance to chloroquine,
quinine and mefloquine of Plasmo-
dium falciparum in Cameroon 1985-
1986. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1988;
39: 166-72.
ÛÙ. Warsame M, Wernsdorfer WH,
Bjorkman A. Lack of effect of De-
sipramine of the response to chloro-
quine of patients with chloroguine-
resistant falciparum malaria. Trans
R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1992; 86: 235-
6.
Ûı. White NJ, »√™— ¬ À≈Ÿ Õ “√’ ¬å  ÿ « √√≥,
Warrell DA, et al. Quinine loading
dose in cerebral malaria. Am J Trop
Med Hyg 1983; 32: 1-5.
Ûˆ. µ√–Àπ—°®‘µ À–√‘≥ ÿµ, ¥π—¬ ∫ÿππ“§,
 ÿπ∑√ ¡—¬ P, «‘√“«√√≥ C. Chloroquinne
resistance in Thailand. Lancet 1965;
2: 657-60.
¯ÛÙ
Û˜. µ√–Àπ—°®‘µ À–√‘≥ ÿµ, ¥π—¬ ∫ÿππ“§.
Drug resistant malaria with special
reference to chemotherapy. Mosquito
Born Dis Ball 1984; : 23-30.
Û¯. µ√–Àπ—°®‘µ À–√‘≥ ÿµ, ¥π—¬ ∫ÿππ“§.
Management of malaria special ref-
erence to drug resistance. Jpn J Trop
Med Hyg 1988; 16: 121-30.
Û˘. Nosten F, Ter Kuile, ·∑π ®ß»ÿ¿™—¬ ‘∑∏‘,Ï
et al. Mefloquine resistant falciparum
malaria on the Thai Burmese Bordu.
Lancet 1991; 337: 1140-3.
Ù. Ter Kuile F, Nosten F, Thieren M, et
al. High dose Mefloquiene in the
treatment of multidrug resistant
falciparum Malaria. J Infect Dis
1992; 166: 1363-400.
ÙÒ. π‘¿“ ®√Ÿ≠‡« ¡å, µ√–Àπ—°®‘µ À–√‘≥ ÿµ,
≈“«—≥¬å ‡¡◊Õß¡≥’. Recrudescence poor
response or resistance to quinine of
falciparum malaria in Thailand.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med & Pub
Hlth 1974; 5: 504-9.
ÙÚ. Watt G, Loesuttivibool L, Shanks
GD, et al. Quinine with tetracycline
for the treatment of drug resistant
falciparum malaria in Thailand. Am
J Trop Med Hyg 1992; 47: 108-11.
ÙÛ. »√™—¬ À≈ŸÕ“√’¬å ÿ«√√≥. æ≈√—µπå «‘‰≈√—µπå,
«“π‘™¬å™“ππ∑å S, Webster KD. Effi-
cacy of quinine tetracycline for acute
uncomplicated falciparum malaria in
Thailand Lancet. 1992; 339: 369.
ÙÙ. ª√’™“ ‡®√‘≠≈“¿, µ√–Àπ—°®‘µ À–√‘≥ ÿµ.
Relapses of vivax malaria after a con-
ventional course of primaquine and
chloroquine : report of two cases.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med & Publ
Hlth. 1973; 4: 135-7.
Ùı. ¥π—¬ ∫ÿππ“§, °“∫«—ß J, ∏π«‘∫Ÿ≈¬å A, et
al. High dose of primaquine in pri-
maquine resistant vivax malaria.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1994;
88: 218-9.
Ùˆ. Tagett GA. Spf 66 a candidate syn-
thetic malaria vaccine : Immunoge-
nicity versus protection. Parasito-
logy Today 1992; 8: 354-5.
Ù˜. Sempertegui F, Estrrella S, Mosoco
J, et al. Safety, immunogenicity and
«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õß¡“≈“‡√’¬
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

protective effect of the Spf 66 ma-
laria synthetic vaccine against Plas-
modium falciparum infection in a ran-
domized doubled-blind placebo-con-
trolled field trial in an endemic area
of Ecuador. Vaccine 1994; 12: 337- ventional course of primaquine and
42. chloroquine: report of two cases.
Ù¯. ª√’™“ ‡®√‘≠≈“¿, µ√–Àπ—°®‘µ À–√‘≥ ÿµ. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Publ
Relapses of vivax malaria after a con- Hith. 1973; 4:135-7.

Abstract Evolution of Malaria

Nibha Jaroonvesama
Associate Member, the Academy of Science, the Royal Institute, Thailand
Malaria was recorded in the year 1600 B.C. and was diagnosed in the 1st and 2nd centuries A.D.
In 1880, Laveran discovered the malaria parasite and in 1897-1948 the life cycle of malaria in mosqui-
toes and in humans was identified.
In 1961-1962, malaria parasites began to resist chloroquine and now resist many antimalarial
drugs. The mechanisms of resistance are due to several factors (a) malaria having had a long time in
contact with long half-life antimalarial drugs, gene mutation develops (b) the ability of the parasite
to produce enzyme which drugs cannot inhibit and changes in the metabolic pathway and chromo-
somes to get rid of the drugs 40-50 times more than usual, and (c) the ability of the parasite to spon-
taneously mutate genes without contact with drugs and develop after biting, cross resistance to other
antimalarial drugs which have similar chemical structures.
The anopheles mosquito, which is the vector of malaria, also has evolved by changing its habit:
resting on a house wall which has been sprayed by DDT and their developing resistance to DDT.
The evolution of research work included the research on pathophysiology and pathogenesis,
which led to useful and correct treatments, and the success in culturing malaria in vitro, as well as
discovering certain genes and cloning malaria.
In the field of treatment, many antimalarial drugs have been produced and the best is qinghaosu
which contains three synthetic derivatives: artemether, artesunate and arteeter. The conjunctive treat-
ment for severe cases is exchange blood transfusion. Concerning prevention of malaria, currently
there is no preventive drug. Everyone who visits an area where malaria is endemic must avoid
mosquito bites. The evolution of prevention in the future is likely to involve a malaria vaccine that
is under developement.
Key words : malaria, evolution

π‘¿“ ®√Ÿ≠‡« ¡å
¯Ûı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

∑—»π–∑“ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å‡√◊ËÕß °“√  ‘«≈’ »‘√‰‘ ≈

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
∫√‘®“§‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

ªØ‘ π∏‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å*

semination). ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ∑’Ë √⟠®— °

§«“¡‡®√‘≠°â“«Àπâ“∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å
„π™à«ßª≈“¬¢Õß»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú °àÕ„À⇰‘¥ª√–‚¬™πå·°à™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬å
°—π¥’«‘∏’Àπ÷Ëß §◊Õ°“√π”‰¢à®“°ΩÉ“¬
Õ¬à“ß¡“°„π‡√◊ËÕß™’«‘µ·≈–∫√‘°“√∑“ß ÿ¢¿“æ, ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß ¿√√¬“·≈–Õ ÿ ®‘ ¢ Õß “¡’ ¡ “º ¡„π
‡√◊ËÕ߇∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√‡®√‘≠æ—π∏åÿ. °“√ªØ‘ π∏‘πÕ°√à“ß°“¬¡πÿ…¬å‡ªìπ ®“π·°â« (petri dish) ·≈â«∂à“¬ª≈Ÿ°
«‘∏°’ “√∑’™Ë «à ¬„Àâ§ àŸ ¡√ ∑’‰Ë ¡àÕ“®¡’∫µÿ √‰¥â¥«â ¬«‘∏°’ “√∏√√¡™“µ‘  “¡“√∂ ‡¢â“‰ª„π¡¥≈Ÿ°∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√µ—ßÈ §√√¿å,
¡’∫ÿµ√‰¥âµ“¡§«“¡ª√– ß§å. «‘∏’°“√∑’Ë√⟮—°°—π¥’‰¥â·°à °“√º ¡‰¢à°—∫ ´÷Ë ß ∂◊ Õ «à “ ‡ªì π °“√ªØ‘   π∏‘ ¢ Õß¡πÿ … ¬å
Õ ÿ®‘„πÀ≈Õ¥·°â«„À⇰‘¥°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘·≈â«π”‰ª∂à“¬ª≈Ÿ°„π¡¥≈Ÿ°. Õ’°
«‘∏À’ π÷ßË §◊Õ°“√π”‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®©‘ ¥’ ‡¢â“‰ª„π∑àÕπ”‰¢à‡æ◊ÕË „À⇰‘¥°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘.
πÕ°√à“ß°“¬. «‘∏’°“√π’ȇ√’¬°«à“ ç°“√
∑—Èß Õß«‘∏’π’È∂Ⓡªìπ°“√°√–∑”‚¥¬„™â‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘®“°§àŸ “¡’¿√√¬“∑’Ë ªØ‘ π∏‘„πÀ≈Õ¥·°â«é (in vitro fer-
µâÕß°“√¡’∫ÿµ√ °Á∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ°“√√—°…“¿“«–¡’∫ÿµ√¬“°. ·µàªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â¡’ tilization À√◊Õ fertilization in glass;
°“√π”‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘®“°ºâŸ∫√‘®“§¡“„™â ®÷ß∑”„À⇰‘¥ª√–‡¥Áπ®√‘¬∏√√¡ IVF). ∑“√°À≠‘ß√“¬·√°∑’∂Ë Õ◊ °”‡π‘¥
¢÷ÈπÀ≈“¬ª√–°“√. ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ®“°®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å¢Õß°“√∑”„À⇰‘¥ªØ‘ π∏‘, ¥â«¬«‘∏’π’ȧ◊Õ À≈ÿ¬ å ∫√“«πå ™“«·≈ß-
°“√„Àâ§ÿ≥§à“·°à™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬å, º≈°√–∑∫·°à ∂“∫—π§√Õ∫§√—«·≈–µ—«
‡¥Á°∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°«‘∏’°“√¥—ß°≈à“«, √«¡‰ª∂÷ߧ«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫µàÕ™’«‘µ‡¥Á°
§“‡™’¬√å ª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡¡◊ÕË ªï Ò˘˜¯.
∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¡“„π ¿“æ√Ÿª«‘ª√‘µæ‘°≈æ‘°“√ ·≈–Õ“®‰¡à‡ªìπ∑’˵âÕß°“√ Õ’°«‘∏À’ π÷ßË ‡ªìπ°“√π”‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‡‘ ¢â“‰ª
¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√—«. ª√–‡¥Áπ®√‘¬∏√√¡¥—ß°≈à“«π’È®”‡ªìπ®–µâÕ߉¥â√—∫°“√ º ¡„π∑àÕπ”‰¢à‡æ◊ÕË „À⇰‘¥°“√µ—ßÈ §√√¿å
æ‘®“√≥“‰µ√àµ√Õß ∑—Èß„π‡™‘ßª√—™≠“®√‘¬»“ µ√å, ¥â“π°ÆÀ¡“¬·≈– (gamete intrafallopian transfer;
»“ π“„π∫√‘∫∑¢Õß —ߧ¡‰∑¬. GIFT). «‘∏’∑’Ë Õßπ’ȇªìπ°“√„Àâµ—«ÕàÕπ
§” ”§—≠ : ®√‘¬»“ µ√å, °“√∫√‘®“§‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘, °“√ªØ‘ π∏‘ ‰¥âÕ¬àŸ„π ¿“æµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ §◊Õ‡√‘Ë¡
™’ «‘ µ ®“°∑à Õ π”‰¢à · ≈â « ‡§≈◊Ë Õ π‡¢â “  àŸ
„π™à « ß√–¬–‡«≈“µÕπª≈“¬ ∫∑∫“∑ ”§—≠„π°“√™à«¬„Àâ§àŸ ¡√ ∑’Ë ¡¥≈Ÿ°, ·µà°Á‡ªìπ°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘∑’ˇ°‘¥
»µ«√√…∑’ˬ’Ë ‘∫ §«“¡‡®√‘≠°â“«Àπâ“ ‰¡à Õ “®¡’ ∫ÿ µ √‰¥â ¥â « ¬«‘ ∏’ ∏ √√¡™“µ‘ ®“°‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’. ‡¥Á°∑’ˇ°‘¥¥â«¬«‘∏’π’È
∑“ß«‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å ° “√·æ∑¬å · ≈– „Àâ “¡“√∂¡’∫µÿ √‰¥â¥«â ¬«‘∏°’ “√∑’·Ë æ∑¬å §π·√°‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ §.». Ò˘¯ı. „π
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√‡®√‘≠æ—π∏åÿ‰¥â‡¢â“¡“¡’ ™à«¬„À⇰‘¥°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘ (artificial in- √–¬–‡√‘Ë ¡ ·√°∑’Ë ∑ “ß°“√·æ∑¬å π”
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¥—ß°≈à“«π’ș૬„À⇰‘¥°“√
*∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ÒÚ ∏—𫓧¡ æ.». ‡®√‘≠æ—π∏åÿ ‰¡à§àÕ¬¡’ªí≠À“¬àÿ߬“°
ÚıÙÙ ¡“°π— ° ‡æ√“–‡ªì π °“√™à « ¬§àŸ   “¡’

∑—»π–∑“ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å‡√◊ËÕß °“√∫√‘®“§‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘
¯Ûˆ
‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å

¿√√¬“∑’Ë µâ Õ ß°“√¡’ ∫ÿ µ √‰¥â ¡’ ∫ÿ µ √ ¡
ª√“√∂π“. ®“° ∂‘µ‘∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å¡’
‡¥Á°∑’ˇ°‘¥¥â«¬«‘∏’π’È Û, §π
·≈–‡¥Á°∑’ˇ°‘¥¡“°Á‰¥â√—∫°“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥
Àπ૬æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ (¬’π) ®“°∫‘¥“¡“√¥“
¢Õßµπ‡Õß ‡√’¬°‰¥â«“à ‡ªìπ ç “¬‚≈À‘µé
¢Õß∫‘¥“¡“√¥“. °“√º ¡‰¢à°—∫Õ ÿ®‘
„À⇰‘¥µ—«ÕàÕπ∂à“¬ª≈Ÿ°‡¢â“‰ª„π¡¥≈Ÿ°
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥, ‰¡à¡’°“√‡°Á∫µ—«ÕàÕπ·™à·¢Áß
‰«âÀ√◊Õ∑”„Àⵓ¬‡¡◊ËÕ‡°‘πµâÕß°“√.
„π√–¬–À≈—߇¡◊ËÕ«‘∏’¥—ß°≈à“«·æ√à
À≈“¬¢÷πÈ ‰¥â‡°‘¥°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ßÀ≈“¬
ª√–°“√ Õ“∑‘ ®“°‡¥‘¡´÷Ë߇§¬„™â‰¢à
·≈–Õ ÿ®‘®“°§àŸ ¡√ ∑’˵âÕß°“√¡’∫ÿµ√
°≈“¬¡“‡ªìπ¢Õ√—∫‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘®“°ºâŸ
Õ◊Ëπ, ¡’°“√·™à·¢Áßµ—«ÕàÕπ‰«â‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪
∂à“¬ª≈Ÿ°„Àâ·°àºâŸ∑’˵âÕß°“√, °“√π”µ—«
ÕàÕπ‰ª∑”°“√«‘®—¬ √«¡∂÷ß°“√∑”„Àâ
µ“¬‡¡◊Ë Õ ‰¡à µâ Õ ß°“√, ®÷ ß ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥
ª√–‡¥Áπ‚µâ·¬âß∑—ßÈ „π‡™‘ßÕ¿‘ª√—™≠“§◊Õ
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß™’«‘µ, °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
‡™‘ß°ÆÀ¡“¬, ‡™‘ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å ·≈–‡™‘ß
»“ π“.
ª√–‡¥Á𠔧—≠¢Õß°“√«‘æ“°…å
‡™‘ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å‡√◊ËÕß°“√∫√‘®“§‰¢à·≈–
Õ ÿ ®‘ ¡ “∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ °“√ªØ‘   π∏‘ π Õ°
√à “ ß°“¬¥â « ¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ∂à “ ¬ª≈Ÿ °
‡¢â“‰ª„π¡¥≈Ÿ° ‡√‘Ë¡®“°¢âÕ‚µâ·¬âß«à“
°“√∫√‘®“§‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ°“√
∫√‘®“§‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√∫√‘®“§‚≈À‘µ
À—«„® ‰µ À√◊ÕÕ«—¬«–Õ◊ËπÊ À√◊Õ‰¡à,
§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß™’«µ‘ ‡¥Á°∑’‡Ë’ °‘¥¡’§≥ ÿ §à“„πµ—«
(intrinsic value) À√◊Õ§ÿ≥§à“πÕ°µ—«
(extrinsic value) Õ¬à“߉√,  ¡§«√
∑”„Àâ ™’ «‘ µ ¡πÿ … ¬å ‡ °‘ ¥ ¡“¥â « ¬°“√√— ∫
∫√‘®“§‰¢àÀ√◊ÕÕ ÿ®‘À√◊Õ‰¡à, ¡’ª√–‡¥Áπ
 ‘«≈’ »‘√‘‰≈
®√‘¬∏√√¡Õ–‰√∫â“ß∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°
°“√∑”„À⇥Á°‡°‘¥¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√π’È.
°“√∫√‘®“§‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘‡ªìπ°“√
∫√‘®“§‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√∫√‘®“§‚≈À‘µ
À√◊ÕÕ«—¬«–Õ◊πË À√◊Õ‰¡à. π—°®√‘¬»“ µ√å
∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å ¡’ § «“¡‡ÀÁ π «à “ °“√
∫√‘®“§‚≈À‘µ °“√∫√‘®“§‰µ À—«„®
À√◊ÕÕ«—¬«–Õ◊ËπÊ ‡ªìπ°“√„Àâ¥â«¬§«“¡
∫√‘  ÿ ∑ ∏‘Ï „ ®‡æ◊Ë Õ ™à « ¬™’ «‘ µ ºâŸ Õ◊Ë π À√◊ Õ
™à « ¬µà Õ §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ™’ «‘ µ „À⠺⟠Õ◊Ë π , °“√
∫√‘®“§¥—ß°≈à“«‡ªìπ°“√„Àâ‚¥¬‰¡à√—∫
º≈µÕ∫·∑π„¥Ê ∑—Èß ‘Èπ. ·µàÕ ÿ®‘·≈–
‰¢à‡ªìπ°“√„Àâ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß¡πÿ…¬å§π„À¡à
¢÷Èπ„π‚≈°π’È, ·≈– à«π„À≠à°“√∫√‘®“§
‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘‰¡à‰¥â‡ªìπ°“√„À⇪≈à“, ºâŸ
∫√‘®“§¡—°‰¥â√—∫º≈µÕ∫·∑π. „π∫“ß
ª√–‡∑»¢Õ߬ÿ‚√ª °“√∫√‘®“§‰¢à·≈–
Õÿ ®‘∂◊Õ‡ªìπ∏ÿ√°‘®¢π“¥‡≈Á° ∑’Ë∑”√“¬
‰¥â „ Àâ · °à ‡ ®â “ ¢ÕßæÕ ¡§«√, ¡’ ° “√
‚¶…≥“„πÀπâ“Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå ·≈–§≈—ß
Õ ÿ®‘∫“ß·Ààß¡’≈Ÿ°§â“®Õ߇¥◊Õπ≈–°«à“
√âÕ¬√“¬. ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È®÷߉¡à§«√∂◊Õ«à“
‡ªìπ°“√∫√‘®“§·≈–‰¡à§«√‡√’¬°‡®â“¢Õß
Õ ÿ®À‘ √◊Õ‰¢à«“à ºâ∫Ÿ √‘®“§ ·µà§«√‡√’¬°«à“
ºâŸ¢“¬ ¡“°°«à“. Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ·¡â
‡ªìπ°“√„Àâ‚¥¬‰¡à√—∫§à“µÕ∫·∑π®–
∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ°“√∫√‘®“§∑’Ë ¡§«√∑”À√◊Õ
‰¡à. §”∂“¡∑’˵“¡¡“°Á§◊Õ ‡ªìπ°“√„Àâ
∑’Ë ºâŸ „ Àâ § «√®–µâ Õ ß¡’ § «“¡√— ∫ º‘ ¥ ™Õ∫
À√◊Õ‰¡à ‡æ√“– ‘Ëß∑’Ë„Àâ§◊Õ™’«‘µ‡¥Á°∑’Ë
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ´÷Ëß à«πÀπ÷Ë߇ªìπ‡™◊ÈÕ “¬¢ÕߺâŸ
„ÀâÕ¬à“ߪؑ‡ ∏‰¡à‰¥â. °√≥’‡™àππ’È®–
∂◊Õ«à“®ß„®≈–∑‘Èß∫ÿµ√¢ÕßµπÀ√◊Õ‰¡à,
‡ªìπ°“√®ß„®„Àâ™’«‘µ‚¥¬‰¡à‡≈’ȬߥŸ‡™àπ
‡¥’¬«°—∫°√≥’‡¥Á°∑’∂Ë °Ÿ ∫‘¥“À√◊Õ¡“√¥“
∑Õ¥∑‘Èß ´÷Ëß¡’®”π«π¡“°.
¯Û˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
™’ «‘ µ ¢Õ߇¥Á ° ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ®“°°“√√— ∫
∫√‘®“§‰¢àÀ√◊ÕÕ ÿ®‘‡ªìπ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“
„πµ—«‡ÕßÀ√◊Õ¡’§ÿ≥§à“πÕ°µ—«. ¢âÕ‚µâ
·¬âߪ√–‡¥Áππ’ÈÕ¬àŸ∑’Ë«à“®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å¢Õß
°“√ √â “ ß™’ «‘ µ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‡æ◊Ë Õ Õ–‰√.
‚¥¬ª√°µ‘§àŸ “¡’¿√√¬“∑’Ë¡’∫ÿµ√¥â«¬«‘∏’
°“√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∂÷ß·¡â®–¡’§«“¡ª√– ß§å
‡æ◊Ë Õ ¡’ ∫ÿ µ √‰«â  ◊ ∫ µ√–°Ÿ ≈ À√◊ Õ ‡ªì π
 “¬„¬·Ààߧ«“¡√—°°Áµ“¡, ™’«‘µ‡¥Á°∑’Ë
‡°‘¥°Á‡ªìπ™’«‘µ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπµ“¡«ß®√¢Õß
™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬åµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¡’
§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß™’«‘µ‡Õß ·≈–¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π
°Á ¡’ §ÿ ≥ §à “ πÕ°µ— « §◊ Õ π”§«“¡ ÿ ¢
§«“¡æÕ„®¡“ àŸæàÕ·¡à. ·µà„π°√≥’
¢Õ߇¥Á°∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‰¢à¢Õß·¡à ·µàÕ ÿ®‘
‰¥â√—∫∫√‘®“§¡“®“°ºâŸ™“¬∑’ˉ¡à„™àæàÕ.
™’ «‘ µ ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π „π≈— ° …≥–π’È ¬à Õ ¡¢“¥
§«“¡¡’§ÿ≥§à“„πµ—«‡π◊ËÕß®“°∂Ÿ° √â“ß
„À⇰‘¥πÕ°«‘∂’∑“ß∏√√¡™“µ‘. ¬‘Ë߉ª
°«à“π—Èπ¬—߇ªìπ™’«‘µ∑’ˉ¡àÕ“®∑√“∫«à“
„§√‡ªìπæàպ⟰àÕ°”‡π‘¥ ®–¡’°Á·µà‡æ’¬ß
æàÕ∫ÿ≠∏√√¡∑’Ë√—∫‡≈’ȬߥŸ. §ÿ≥§à“¢Õß
™’«‘µ∑’Ë∂Ÿ° √â“ߢ÷Èπ¡“®÷߇ªìπ‡æ’¬ß°“√
µÕ∫ πÕߧ«“¡æÕ„®¢Õß§àŸ   “¡’
¿√√¬“∑’˵âÕß°“√‡≈’ȬߥŸ‡¥Á°∑’ˉ¡à„™à≈Ÿ°
¢Õßµπ ‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß≈Ÿ°¢ÕßΩÉ“¬„¥ΩÉ“¬
Àπ÷Ëß. πÕ°®“°π’È°ÁÕ“®‡ªìπ°“√µÕ∫
 πÕߧ«“¡æ÷ ß æÕ„®¢Õß·æ∑¬å ºâŸ „ ™â
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’‰¥â ”‡√Á®. °“√ √â“ß™’«µ‘ „Àâ
‡°‘¥®÷߇ªìπ°“√ √â“߇æ◊ËÕ¡àÿߪ√–‚¬™πå
§«“¡æ÷ßæÕ„®¢ÕߺâŸÕ◊Ëπ ¡“°°«à“‡æ◊ËÕ
§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß™’«‘µ‡¥Á°‡Õß. √–À«à“ß°“√
 √â“ß™’«‘µ¥â«¬°“√„™â‰¢àÀ√◊ÕÕ ÿ®‘®“°ºâŸ
Õ◊Ë π °— ∫ °“√¢Õ√— ∫ Õÿ ª °“√–‡¥Á ° ‡ªì π
∫ÿµ√∫ÿ≠∏√√¡ Õ¬à“߉Àπ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’˧«√
°√–∑”¡“°°«à“°—π.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
°“√π”‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®®‘ “°°“√∫√‘®“§
¡“∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ °“√ªØ‘   π∏‘ ¢ Õß¡πÿ … ¬å
¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å °àÕ„Àâ
‡°‘¥ª√–‡¥Áπ®√‘¬∏√√¡∑’˧«√§”π÷ß∂÷ß
Õ¬à“߉√∫â“ß. ¢âÕ‚µâ·¬âߪ√–‡¥Áππ’È¡’
À≈“¬ª√–°“√¥â«¬°—π.
ª√–°“√·√° °“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°Õ ÿ®‘
À√◊ Õ ‰¢à ® “°ºâŸ ∫ √‘ ® “§∑’Ë ∂◊ Õ ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ „ π
«ß°“√·æ∑¬å ®–‰¡à√—∫Õ ÿ®‘À√◊Õ‰¢à®“°
ºâŸ¡’‚√§∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡∫“ß™π‘¥. „π
µà“ߪ√–‡∑»¡’°“√»÷°…“ æ∫«à“§àŸ “¡’
¿√√¬“∑’Ë µâ Õ ß°“√¡’ ∫ÿ µ √¥â « ¬°“√√— ∫
∫√‘®“§‰¢àÀ√◊ÕÕ ÿ®‘ √âÕ¬≈– ¯ ∂÷ß
√âÕ¬≈– ˘ı ®–ªØ‘‡ ∏‰¢àÀ√◊ÕÕ ÿ®‘®“°
ºâ‡Ÿ ªìπ‚√§‡≈◊Õ¥‰¡à®∫— µ—«, ‚√§‡∫“À«“π,
ºâŸ ‡ ªì π æ“À–‚√§∏“≈—    ’ ‡ ¡’ ¬ ·≈–‚√§
ªí≠≠“ÕàÕπ. ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È°“√‡≈◊Õ°√—∫
Õ ÿ®‘®“°ºâŸ∫√‘®“§ à«π„À≠à®÷ß¡—°‡ªìπ
Õ ÿ®‘¢Õßπ—°»÷°…“·æ∑¬å À√◊Õ·æ∑¬å
ª√–®”∫â“π ‡π◊ËÕß®“°µâÕß°“√§«“¡
‡ªìπ§π‡°àß §π©≈“¥∑“ß µ‘ªí≠≠“.
·µàªí≠À“‰¡à‰¥â¬ÿµ‘‡æ’¬ß‡∑à“π’È ‡π◊ËÕß
®“°·æ∑¬å ºâŸ ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ªØ‘   π∏‘ ¥â « ¬
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ‡ ªì π  Ÿ µ‘ · æ∑¬å ‰¡à „ ™à ºâŸ
‡™’ˬ«™“≠∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ ‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–
‡°‘ ¥ §«“¡‡ ’Ë ¬ ß·≈–§«“¡º‘ ¥ æ≈“¥
¬àÕ¡¡’ Ÿß. πÕ°®“°π’È ”À√—∫§«“¡
‡™◊Ë Õ ¢ÕߧπÕ’ °  à « πÀπ÷Ë ß ¬— ß §ß§‘ ¥ «à “
≈—°…≥–π‘ —¬∫“ßÕ¬à“ßÕ“®∂à“¬∑Õ¥
¡“∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ ∂÷ß·¡â«à“∑“ß°“√
·æ∑¬å·≈–π—°æƒµ‘°√√¡»“ µ√å®–‡™◊ËÕ
‡√◊ËÕߢÕß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë°àÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√
¢—¥‡°≈“∑“ß —ߧ¡·°à‡¥Á°°Áµ“¡ ·µà
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß ç —π¥“πé ¬—ß
§ß¡’Õ¬àŸ. √‘™“√å¥ ¥Õ«å§‘π å (Richard
Dawkins) ‡¢’¬π„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ™◊ËÕ çThe
Selfish - Geneé µÕπÀπ÷Ëß«à“ ¡πÿ…¬å
∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¡“®–‡ªì π ∫ÿ § §≈∑’Ë ¡’ ≈— ° …≥–
Õ¬à“߉√ Õ“®‡ªìπºâŸ∑’Ëæ√âÕ¡®–¡’‡æ»
 —¡æ—π∏å°—∫„§√°Á‰¥â ·≈â«°Á∑‘Èß¿“√–‰«â
·°à §àŸ ¢ Õßµπ√— ∫ ¿“√–‡≈’È ¬ ߥŸ ∫ÿ µ √‰ª
¢â“߇¥’¬«Ò. §«“¡‡™◊ËÕ‡™àππ’È∑”„À⇰‘¥
°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ (eugenic
decision) ‚¥¬§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡©æ“–Àπ૬
æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡∑’Ë¥’ ®÷ßÕ“®π”‰ª àŸÕ§µ‘∑’Ë®–
§— ¥ ‡≈◊ Õ °‡©æ“–æ— π ∏ÿ ° √√¡¢Õß∫“ß
°≈àÿ¡∫“ß«‘™“™’æ ‡™àπ ∂â“·æ∑¬å§‘¥«à“
æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¢Õßµπ¥’°«à“¢ÕߺâŸÕ◊Ëπ °Á®–
√—∫‡©æ“–Õ ÿ®‘¢Õß·æ∑¬å À√◊ÕÕ“®¡’
°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡©æ“–«‘™“™’æÕ◊Ëπ‡™àπ π—°
°ÆÀ¡“¬. ∂â“ —ߧ¡¬Õ¡√—∫§«“¡§‘¥
‡™àππ’®È –‡°‘¥º≈Õ¬à“߉√µàÕ —ߧ¡¡πÿ…¬å
„πÕ𓧵. »“≈„π À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‡§¬
æ‘ æ “°…“§¥’ «à “ ·æ∑¬å ‰ ¡à ‰ ¥â ‡ ªì π ºâŸ ∑’Ë
‡µ√’¬¡¡“„π¥â“𧫓¡§‘¥‡√◊ËÕß ç§ÿ≥-
¿“æ¢Õß™’ «‘ µ ¡πÿ … ¬å ∑’Ë § «√®–‡ªì π é
·µà®–§‘¥‡©æ“–§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥å∑“ß√à“ß°“¬ ®‘µ„®; ¥â“π§ÿ≥§à“
¢Õß™’«‘µÕ“®∂Ÿ°¡Õߢⓡ‰ª ¥—߇™àπ
°√≥’∑’Ë·æ∑¬åºâŸÀπ÷Ëߪؑ‡ ∏∑’Ë®–√—°…“
∑“√°√Ÿª°“¬«‘ª√‘µ∑’ˇ°‘¥¡“„π ¿“æ
‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥凙àπ∑“√°Õ◊Ëπ∑—Ë«‰ª. »“≈
«‘π‘®©—¬«à“°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®¢Õß·æ∑¬å‡ªìπ
°“√‰¡à‡§“√æ§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬åÚ.
∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π∂â“·æ∑¬å§—¥‡≈◊Õ°Õ ÿ®‘
‚¥¬¡àÿ߇©æ“–ºâŸ¡’ ÿ¢¿“æ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å·¢Áß
·√ß¡“°°«à“∑’Ë®–§”π÷ß∂÷ߧ«“¡‡À¡“–
 ¡¢Õ߇¥Á°∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥ „Àâ¡’≈—°…≥–„°≈â
‡§’ ¬ ß°— ∫ ΩÉ “ ¬ “¡’ ¢ Õߺ⟠À ≠‘ ß ∑’Ë ¡ “¢Õ
„Àâ∑”°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘¥â«¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·≈â«,
°“√°√–∑”¥—ß°≈à“«∂◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√∑”‡æ◊ËÕ
ª√–‚¬™πå ¢ Õß·æ∑¬å §◊ Õ §«“¡æ÷ ß
¯Û¯
æÕ„®∑’Ë∑” ”‡√Á®¡“°°«à“∑’Ë®–‡ªìπ°“√
°√–∑”‡æ◊ËÕ™’«‘µ¢Õ߇¥Á°∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥¡“,
‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß∂Ⓡ¥Á°∑’ˇ°‘¥¡“¡’
§«“¡·µ°µà“ßÕ¬à“ß¡“°®“°ΩÉ“¬ “¡’
À√◊Õ¿√√¬“ ªí≠À“„π‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¡√⟠÷°
∑“ß®‘µ„®¢Õߧࠟ “¡’¿√√¬“Õ“®‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ .
ª√–°“√∑’Ë Ú °“√√—°…“§«“¡≈—∫
°“√∑”„Àâ™’«‘µªØ‘ π∏‘¥â«¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
§◊Õ°“√π”‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘¡“º ¡„πÀ≈Õ¥
·°â« ·≈â«∂à“¬ª≈Ÿ°„π¡¥≈Ÿ°‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
‡°‘¥°“√µ—Èߧ√√¿å ®–‰¥â√—∫°“√ª°ªî¥
‡ªì𧫓¡≈—∫, ®–¡’‡æ’¬ß·æ∑¬å·≈–§àŸ
 “¡’ ¿ √√¬“‡∑à “ π—È π ∑’Ë ∑ √“∫‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«.
„πµà“ߪ√–‡∑»¡’ß“π«‘®—¬¢Õß §Ÿ√’Ë -
‚§‡Œπ ∑’∑Ë ”°“√»÷°…“«‘®¬— ‡√◊ÕË ßπ’æÈ ∫«à“
 Ÿµ‘·æ∑¬å√âÕ¬≈– ˘Û ∑’Ë∑”‡√◊ËÕßπ’È®–
‡°Á ∫ ª√–«— µ‘ ¢ Õß§àŸ   “¡’ ¿ √√¬“∑’Ë √— ∫
∫√‘®“§‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘, ·æ∑¬å√âÕ¬≈– Û˜
‡°Á∫ª√–«—µ‘‡¥Á°∑’ˇ°‘¥¡“¥â«¬«‘∏’π’È ·≈–
¡’‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– Û ¢Õß·æ∑¬å∑’ˇ°Á∫
™◊ÕË ¢Õߺâ∫Ÿ √‘®“§Û. ªí≠À“‡√◊ÕË ß°“√‡°Á∫
√—°…“§«“¡≈—∫Õ¬àŸµ√ß∑’Ë«à“ ∂â“°“√‡°Á∫
√—°…“§«“¡≈—∫‰¡à¥’æÕ ‡®â“¢ÕßÕ ÿ®‘
À√◊Õ‰¢àÕ“®∂Ÿ°øÑÕß√âÕ߇√’¬°§à“‡≈’ȬߥŸ
„π∞“π–∑’ˇªìπ∫‘¥“À√◊Õ¡“√¥“ ¥—߇™àπ
°√≥’ ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ·≈â « „π À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “
√«¡∑—Èß°“√‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß‰ª∂÷ß ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–‰¥â
√—∫¡√¥°. „π∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡ ∂Ⓣ¡à¡’
°“√‡°Á∫ª√–«—µ¢‘ Õߺâ∫Ÿ √‘®“§‡≈¬ ªí≠À“
°ÁÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â‡™àπ°—π. ‡§¬¡’ºâŸµ—Èß
ª√–‡¥Áπ«à“ ∂Ⓣ¡à¡’À≈—°ª√–°—π∑’Ë¥’æÕ
„π‡√◊ÕË ß¢Õß°“√ª°ªî¥™◊ÕË ºâ∫Ÿ √‘®“§ Õ“®
‰¡à¡’ºâŸ¬Õ¡∫√‘®“§‰¢àÀ√◊ÕÕ ÿ®‘‡≈¬. ·µà
°Á¡’ºâŸ‚µâ·¬â߇™àπ°—π«à“ °“√‡°Á∫ª√–«—µ‘
¢ÕߺâŸ∫√‘®“§Õ ÿ®‘∂◊Õ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß ”§—≠
‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–µ‘¥µ“¡¥Ÿ«à“ Õ ÿ®‘∑’Ë∫√‘®“§¡“
∑—»π–∑“ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å‡√◊ËÕß °“√∫√‘®“§‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘
‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å

°àÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√µ—Èߧ√√¿åÀ√◊Õ‰¡à. πÕ°
®“°π’Ȭ—ß√«¡‰ª∂÷ߪí≠À“®”π«π§√—Èß
∑’˺ ¡ ∂â“·æ∑¬å„™â¡“°°«à“Àπ÷Ëߧ√—Èß°Á
Õ“®‡°‘¥ªí≠À“µ“¡¡“ ¥—߇™àπ·æ∑¬å
„™âÕ ÿ®‘®“°°“√∫√‘®“§¡“º ¡„Àâ·°à
À≠‘ß∑’˵âÕß°“√¡’∫ÿµ√®”π«π ı √“¬.
°√≥’ ‡ ™à π π’È ‡ ªì π ªí ≠ À“®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡∑’Ë
°√–∑∫µàÕ™’«‘µ‡¥Á°∑’ˇ°‘¥¡“¡“°°«à“
®–¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕºâŸ∫√‘®“§. ‡æ√“–
∂â “ ¥Ÿ ® “°µâ π °”‡π‘ ¥ ™’ «‘ µ ¢Õ߇¥Á ° ∑—È ß
ı §ππ’È ‡ ªì π ∫‘ ¥ “§π‡¥’ ¬ «°— π ·µà
°≈—∫·¬°¬â“¬°—π‰ª‚¥¬‰¡à¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â
√⟮—°°—π.  ¿“懙àππ’ȬàÕ¡°√–∑∫µàÕ
 “¬ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß«ß»åµ√–°Ÿ≈ ·≈–¡’º≈
°√–∑∫µàÕµ—«‡¥Á°∑’ˇ°‘¥¡“¡“°°«à“®–
‡ªìπº≈°√–∑∫µàÕºâŸ∫√‘®“§. πÕ°®“°
π’È¡’ºâŸ‚µâ·¬âß«à“°“√‰¡à‡°Á∫ª√–«—µ‘¢Õß
ºâŸ∫√‘®“§‰«â°Á‰¡àÕ“®√âŸ∂÷ß∫ÿ§§≈‘°·≈–
§«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ¢ÕߺâŸ
∫√‘®“§. ª√–‡¥Áπ∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß°“√‰¡à
‡°Á∫ª√–«—µ‘°Á§◊Õ ‡¥Á°∑’ˇ°‘¥¡“®–‰¡à
 “¡“√∂√â∂Ÿ ß÷ ≈—°…≥–∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¢Õß
∫‘¥“µπ‡Õ߉¥â‡≈¬ ·≈–‡ªìπª√–‡¥Áπ∑’Ë
‰¡àÕ“®§“¥°“√≥剥â«à“®–‡°‘¥º≈Õ–‰√
µ“¡¡“. ¥— ß π—È π ∂â “ æ‘ ® “√≥“®“°
ª√–‡¥Á π π’È ° “√‰¡à ‡ °Á ∫ ª√–«— µ‘ ¢ ÕߺâŸ
∫√‘®“§À√◊Õ∑”≈“¬ª√–«—µ∑‘ ß‘È ¬àÕ¡‰¡à„™à
‡ªìπ°“√°√–∑”‡æ◊ËÕº≈ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß
‡¥Á°. °“√‚µâ·¬âß°—π„π‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë«à“®–
‡°Á∫√—°…“§«“¡≈—∫À√◊Õ‡ªî¥‡º¬™◊ËÕºâŸ
∫√‘®“§‡ªìπ°“√‚µâ·¬âß°—π„π«ß®”°—¥
¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕߧ◊Õµ—«·æ∑¬å ºâŸ
∫√‘®“§ ºâŸ√—∫∫√‘®“§, ·µàµ—«‡¥Á°‡Õ߉¡à
‰¥â ¡’  à « π„π°“√µ— ¥  ‘ π „®‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õß
µπ‡Õ߇≈¬. „π À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“°√≥’
¢Õß∫ÿµ√∫ÿ≠∏√√¡¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬°”À𥉫â
 ‘«≈’ »‘√‘‰≈
«à“ ∫‘¥“¡“√¥“∑’Ë√—∫∫ÿµ√∫ÿ≠∏√√¡®–
µâÕß∫Õ°§«“¡®√‘ß·°à‡¥Á°„Àâ‡√Á«∑’Ë ÿ¥
‡∑à“∑’ˇ¥Á°®– “¡“√∂√—∫√⟷≈–‡¢â“„®‰¥â.
·µà ”À√—∫‡¥Á°∑’‡Ë °‘¥®“°°“√√—∫∫√‘®“§
Õ ÿ®‘ ‡ªìπª√–‡¥Áπ∑’Ë‚µâ·¬âß°—πÕ¬à“ß
¡“°«à “ ‰¡à § «√∫Õ° ‡æ√“–‡ªì π °“√
‡°‘¥¥â«¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·≈–Õ“®¡’ªí≠À“
µ“¡¡“À≈“¬ª√–°“√.
‚®‡´ø ‡ø≈µ‡™Õ√å ·≈–π— °
®√‘ ¬ »“ µ√å  à « πÀπ÷Ë ß ¡’ § «“¡‡ÀÁ π «à “
·æ∑¬å‰¡à§«√¬Õ¡√—∫§”·π–π”„Àâπ”
Õ ÿ ®‘ ¢ Õßπâ Õ ß™“¬ “¡’ ¡ “º ¡°— ∫ ‰¢à
¢Õß¿√√¬“‚¥¬‰¡à∫Õ°„Àâ “¡’√⟰àÕπ,
‡æ√“–°“√°√–∑”‡™àππ’È®–°√–∑∫µàÕ
™’«‘µ§√Õ∫§√—«¢Õß§àŸ “¡’¿√√¬“. πâÕß
™“¬ “¡’ºâŸ‡ªìπ‡®â“¢ÕßÕ ÿ®‘Õ“®ºŸ°æ—π
°—∫‡¥Á°∑’ˇ°‘¥«à“‡ªìπ∫ÿµ√¢Õßµπ ¢≥–
∑’Ë “¡’Õ“®·§≈ß„®¿√√¬“Ù. Õ¬à“߉√
°Áµ“¡ ∂÷ß·¡â®–‡ªìπ°“√¬‘π¬Õ¡¢Õß
ΩÉ“¬ “¡’„Àâ„™âÕ ÿ®‘¢ÕßπâÕß™“¬·∑π
¢Õßµπ ªí≠À“°ÁÕ“®µ“¡¡“‰¥â. „π
ΩÉ“¬µ—«‡¥Á° ∂â“∫‘¥“¡“√¥“‰¡à∫Õ°„Àâ√âŸ
·µà‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥Á°¡’‚Õ°“ √⟮“°∫ÿ§§≈Õ◊Ëπ„π
«— π Àπ÷Ë ß «— π „¥¢â “ ßÀπâ “ °Á Õ “®¡’ º ≈
°√–∑∫µà Õ §«“¡√⟠ ÷ ° ¢Õ߇¥Á ° ·≈–
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ßæàÕ·¡à≈Ÿ°‰¥â.
ª√–°“√∑’Ë Û  ∂“∫—π§√Õ∫§√—«
®–‰¥â√—∫º≈°√–∑∫Õ¬à“߉√∫â“ß ®“°
°“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ¥â « ¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ‚ ¥¬„™â ‰ ¢à
À√◊ÕÕ ÿ®®‘ “°°“√∫√‘®“§. ∂â“¡’°“√¬Õ¡
„Àâ ¡’ ° “√ªØ‘   π∏‘ ¥â « ¬«‘ ∏’ π’È ‚ ¥¬∑—Ë « ‰ª
„π — ß §¡ ‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë æ’Ë πâ Õ ßÀ√◊ Õ ∫‘ ¥ “
¡“√¥“®–¡“º ¡°— π ‡Õߥ⠫ ¬«‘ ∏’ ° “√
π’ȬàÕ¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â ‚¥¬∑’ˇ®â“µ—«‰¡à√âŸ,
§«“¡‡ªì π  “¬„¬¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√— « ¢Õß
µ√–°Ÿ≈°ÁÕ“®À¡¥§«“¡ ”§—≠≈ß °≈“¬
¯Û˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‡ªìπ —ߧ¡∑’§Ë ≈–‡§≈â“°—π∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡,
√«¡∂÷ ß ªí ≠ À“ ÿ ¢ ¿“æÕπ“¡— ¬ ∑’Ë Õ “®
µ“¡¡“. ¬—߉¡à¡’º≈°“√»÷°…“∑’ˇ¥àπ
™— ¥ «à “ ∂â “  — ß §¡Õ¬àŸ „ π ¿“æ‡™à π π—È π
Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬ ‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈®–
‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√. ¬‘Ëß„π°√≥’∑’ËÀ≠‘ß‚ ¥
‰¡à µâ Õ ß°“√¡’   “¡’ · µà µâ Õ ß°“√¡’ ∫ÿ µ √
·≈–¢Õ„Àâ·æ∑¬å™«à ¬∑”„À⇰‘¥ªØ‘ π∏‘
¥â«¬°“√¢Õ√—∫∫√‘®“§Õ ÿ®‘ °Á¬‘Ëß®–‡ªìπ
ªí≠À“¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ, ‚¥¬∑’Ë™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬å
∂Ÿ° √â“ߢ÷Èπ¡“‡æ◊ËÕ«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å∫“ß
Õ¬à“ß∑’ˉ¡à„™à‡æ◊ËÕ§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß™’«‘µ„πµ—«
‡Õß.
®“°¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß·≈–¢âÕ‚µâ·¬âߥ—ß
°≈à“« ∂â“æ‘®“√≥“®“°∑—»π–∑“ß®√‘¬-
»“ µ√å¥ßÈ— ‡¥‘¡ §◊Õ∑—»π–·π«ª√–‚¬™πå
π‘¬¡ (utilitarianism) ·≈–∑—»π–·π«
 —¡∫Ÿ√≥π‘¬¡À√◊Õ°√≥’¬∏√√¡ (deon-
tological theory) °ÁÕ“®«‘æ“°…剥⫓à
µ“¡·π«ª√–‚¬™πåπ‘¬¡ °“√ªØ‘ π∏‘
¥â«¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’√—∫∫√‘®“§‰¢à À√◊ÕÕ ÿ®‘
°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ª√–‚¬™πå·≈–‚∑…·°à„§√∫â“ß
¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß‰√, √–À«à“ߪ√–‚¬™πå∑’Ë
‡°‘ ¥ °— ∫ º≈°√–∑∫∑’Ë µ “¡¡“Õ¬à “ ߉√
¡“°°«à “ °— π . ∂â “ ·πà „ ®‰¥â «à “ º≈
ª√–‚¬™πå¡“°°«à“°Á∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë
§«√∑”. ·µà°√≥’π’È°ÁµÕ∫‰¡à‰¥âßà“¬Ê
∂÷ß·¡â®–°àÕ§«“¡ ÿ¢§«“¡æÕ„®·°à§àŸ
 ¡√ ∑’˵âÕß°“√¡’∫ÿµ√°Áµ“¡ ‡æ√“– ‘Ëß
∑’Ë ® –‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π „πÕ𓧵‰¡à ¡’ „ §√§“¥
°“√≥剥â. ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π∂â“æ‘®“√≥“
µ“¡·π« —¡∫Ÿ√≥π‘¬¡À√◊Õ°√≥’¬∏√√¡,
Õ‘¡¡“πŸ‡Õ≈ §“π∑å π—°®√‘¬»“ µ√å§π
 ”§—≠¢Õß·π«π’È¡’§«“¡§‘¥«à“ ¡πÿ…¬å
‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“„πµ—«‡Õß ¡’»—°¥‘Ï»√’,
™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬å®÷߉¡à§«√∂Ÿ°≈¥∑Õπ≈ß¡“
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
‡ªì π ‡æ’ ¬ ß«— µ ∂ÿ ¢ Õß°“√∑¥≈ÕßÀ√◊ Õ
°“√ πÕߧ«“¡µâ Õ ß°“√¢Õߺ⟠∑’Ë
µâÕß°“√¡’‡¥Á°‰«âÕÿª°“√– ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√
∑’ˉ¡à„™à∏√√¡™“µ‘, ‡æ√“–‡∑à“°—∫„™â
™’«µ‘ ‡¥Á°‡ªìπ‡§√◊ÕË ß¡◊Õ„π°“√·°âª≠ í À“.
∂â“æ‘®“√≥“®“°∑—»π–∑“ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å
°“√·æ∑¬å (medical ethics) ·æ∑¬å
æ÷ߧ”π÷ß∂÷ßÀ≈—°®√‘¬∏√√¡æ◊Èπ∞“π Û
ª√–°“√ §◊Õ °“√‡§“√æµàÕ§«“¡‡ªìπ
∫ÿ§§≈ (respect for person) √«¡
∂÷ß°“√‡§“√æ„π§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬å
´÷Ë ß ·æ∑¬å ® –µâ Õ ß„Àâ §ÿ ≥ §à “ ·°à ™’ «‘ µ
¡πÿ … ¬å π— ∫ µ—È ß ·µà ª Ø‘   π∏‘ ® π ‘È π Õ“¬ÿ ,
°“√°√–∑”„π ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ¥’ ‡ ªì π ª√–‚¬™πå
(beneficence) ´÷Ëß√«¡∂÷ß°“√§”π÷ß
∂÷ ß §«“¡‡ ’Ë ¬ ß ·≈–§«“¡¬ÿ µ‘ ∏ √√¡
ªí ≠ À“°Á Õ “®‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π À≈“¬ª√–°“√.
°√≥’ ∑’Ë · æ∑¬å º  ¡„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ µ— « Õà Õ π¢÷È π
À≈“¬µ— « ·≈–∑”≈“¬∫“ß à « π∑‘È ß ‰ª
¬àÕ¡¢—¥µàÕÀ≈—°°“√„Àâ§ÿ≥§à“·°à™’«‘µ
¡πÿ…¬å. πÕ° ®“°π’È°“√„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘ °ÁÕ“®¡’§«“¡
‡ ’ˬßÀ≈“¬ª√–°“√µ“¡¡“∑—Èß ÿ¢¿“æ
¢ÕßÀ≠‘ ß ∑’Ë µâ Õ ß°“√µ—È ß §√√¿å · ≈–
 ¿“æ¢Õß∑“√°∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¡“´÷Ë ß Õ“®º‘ ¥
ª√°µ‘À√◊Õ‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥剥â. °√≥’π’ȬàÕ¡
¢—¥µàÕÀ≈—°®√‘¬∏√√¡°“√°√–∑”„π ‘Ëß
∑’Ë¥’‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå ·≈–‡π◊ËÕß®“°§à“„™â
®à“¬¢Õß°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘¥â«¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß §«“¡‡∑à“‡∑’¬¡°—πÀ√◊Õ
§«“¡¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡„π°“√¢Õ√—∫∫√‘°“√°Á®–
‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â¬“°.
πÕ°®“°°“√æ‘®“√≥“µ“¡∑—»π–
∑“ß®√‘ ¬ »“ µ√å ¥â “ π°“√·æ∑¬å · ≈â «
°“√æ‘®“√≥“µ“¡∑—»π–∑“ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å
¥â“π»“ π“°Á‡ªìπÕ’°∑—»π–Àπ÷ßË ∑’‰Ë ¡àÕ“®
¡Õߢⓡ‰¥â. æÿ∑∏»“ π“ »“ π“
Õ‘ ≈“¡ »“ π“§√‘ µåµ“à ß°Á¡À’ ≈—°§«“¡
‡™◊ËÕ‡√◊ËÕß™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬å·≈–°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘
¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å‰«âÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π ®–π”¡“
µÕ∫ªí ≠ À“‡√◊Ë Õ ß°“√ªØ‘   π∏‘ ¥â « ¬
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ° “√¢Õ√— ∫ ∫√‘ ® “§‰¢à · ≈–
Õ ÿ®‘Õ¬à“߉√.  ”À√—∫„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬
°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘¥â«¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¡—°°√–∑”
‚¥¬„™â‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®¢‘ Õߧࠟ ¡√ ∑’µË Õâ ß°“√
¡’∫ÿµ√·≈–‡ªìπºâŸ∑’ËÕ¬àŸ„π¿“«–¢Õß°“√
¡’∫ÿµ√¬“° ‡™àπ ∑àÕπ”‰¢àÕÿ¥µ—π, ¡’
æ—ߺ◊¥¡“°„πÕâÿ߇™‘ß°√“π, §«“¡º‘¥
ª√°µ‘∑’˪“°¡¥≈Ÿ°, ‡™◊ÈÕÕ ÿ®‘πâÕ¬ À√◊Õ
‰¡à ∑ √“∫ “‡Àµÿ °“√„™â ‡ ∑§‚π‚≈¬’
™à«¬®÷ß∂◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√√—°…“. Õ¬à“߉√
°Áµ“¡‡π◊ËÕß®“° —ߧ¡‚≈°ªí®®ÿ∫—π‡ªìπ
 —ߧ¡‚≈°“¿‘«—µπå ∑”„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·π«
§«“¡§‘¥‡√◊ËÕß°“√∫√‘®“§‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘
¯Ù
‡¢â“¡“‡ªìπ∑’ˇªî¥‡º¬„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬ ‰¥â
¡’°“√π”‡√◊ËÕßπ’È¡“«‘æ“°…å«‘®“√≥å„π
«ß°«â“ß«à“‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë ¡§«√∑”À√◊Õ‰¡à.
°√–· §«“¡§‘¥ à«πÀπ÷Ë߇√‘Ë¡‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬
´÷Ë ß ∂◊ Õ «à “ ‡ªì π ·π«§«“¡§‘ ¥ ∑’Ë ∑â “ ∑“¬
µàÕ·π«§«“¡§‘¥·∫∫‡¥‘¡„π°√Õ∫¢Õß
 —ߧ¡‰∑¬.
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Ò. Annas JG. Artificial insemination:
beyond the best interests of the donor.
In: Abrams N, Buckner DM, editors.
Medical ethics. Cambridge: A
Bradford Book; 1983. p. 472.
Ú. Ibid, p. 473.
Û. Ibid, p. 474.
Ù. Abrams N, Buckner DM. Medical
ethics. Cambridge: A Bradford Book;
1983.
ı. Arras DJ, Steinbock B. Ethical issues
in modern medicine. Mountain view,
California: Mayfield Publishing Co;
1995.
ˆ. Beauchamp LT, Walters LR. Contem-
porary issues in bioethics. 5th ed.
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing
Co; 1999.
∑—»π–∑“ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å‡√◊ËÕß °“√∫√‘®“§‰¢à·≈–Õ ÿ®‘
‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

Abstract Ethical Perspectives on Sperm and Egg Donation for Fertilization

Sivalee Sirilai
Associate Member, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Royal Institute, Thailand
In the late 20th Century, the advancement of science and technology brought about great
benefits for human life and in the provision of health care, especially in the area of reproductive
technologies. Married couples who cannot have their own children by the natural way have achieved
their needs by artifical insemination. The well-known techniques often used for overcoming infer-
tility in married couples are as follows: in vitro fertilization, (literally, “fertilization in glass” or IVF)
and gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT). By these techniques, a married infertile couple uses an
egg taken from the wife and sperm taken from the husband; all zygotes produced are inserted into
the womb of the wife (IVF), or sperm and egg are inserted into a fallopian tube (GIFT). In the
present society, conflicts and controversies arise when the egg or the sperm may be derived from
donors or vendors rather than the husband and wife. Further significant ethical issues which are
difficult and complicated arise, such as: What is the aim of creating new life forms? How do we
value human life? How does artificial insemination affect the family and the child? Who should be
the one responsible for a baby who is born deformed and unwanted? These ethical issues should be
viewed philosophically, ethically, legally and religiously in the context of Thai society.
Key words : ethical perspectives, sperm and egg donation, fertilization

 ‘«≈’ »‘√‘‰≈
¯ÙÒ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

‡¡µ“øî°™—π„πß“π‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ √◊Ëπƒ∑—¬  —®®æ—π∏ÿå

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
 ¡—¬„À¡à¢Õ߉∑¬* √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

ª√–‡¿∑∫— π ‡∑‘ ß §¥’ À √◊ Õ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß·µà ß ‰ª

Metafiction ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß·µàß∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–°“√‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß´âÕπ°—π.
‡π◊ÕÈ À“¢Õ߇√◊ÕË ß∑’‡Ë ≈à“∑’·Ë ∑â°§Á Õ◊ °√–∫«π°“√¢Õß°“√·µà߇√◊ÕË ß‡√◊ÕË ßπ—πÈ ‡Õß
æ√âÕ¡°—π.
À√◊ÕÕ“®‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫¿“æ¬πµ√剥â«à“‡ªìπ°“√· ¥ß ç‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ß ‡√◊ËÕß·µàß·∫∫‡≈à“‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ß°“√
°“√∂à“¬∑”é. ‚¥¬ª√°µ‘·≈â« ‡√◊ËÕ߇≈à“∫—π‡∑‘ߧ¥’¡—°®–欓¬“¡∑”„Àâ ºŸ°‡√◊ËÕ߇ªìπ∑‘»∑“ßÀπ÷ËߢÕß«√√≥-
ºŸâÕà“π‡™◊ËÕ«à“‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˇ≈à“π—Èπ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®√‘ßÊ, ·µà‡√◊ËÕ߇≈à“„π≈—°…≥–‡¡µ“ °√√¡¬ÿ§À≈—ß ¡—¬„À¡à ´÷Ëߪ√“°Ø„π
øî°™—π®–欓¬“¡„À⺟âÕà“πµ√–Àπ—°Õ¬Ÿàµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“«à“°”≈—ßÕà“π‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë º≈ß“π‡¢’¬π¢Õßπ—°‡¢’¬π™“«µ–«—πµ°
ºŸâ·µàß çºŸ°é ¢÷Èπ À“„™à‡√◊ËÕß®√‘߉¡à. ®ÿ¥‡¥àπ¢Õ߇√◊ËÕ߇≈à“∑’Ë„™â°≈«‘∏’
°“√‡≈à“‡√◊ÕË ß·∫∫π’È §◊Õ °√–µÿπâ „ÀâºÕ⟠“à π ”π÷°„πæ≈—ßÕ”π“®¢Õߧ«“¡
À≈“¬§π. ‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“º≈ß“π‡√◊ËÕß
®√‘ß·≈–§«“¡≈«ß.  —Èπ¢Õßπ—°‡¢’¬π√à«¡ ¡—¬¢Õ߉∑¬ °Á
§” ”§—≠ : ‡¡µ“øî°™—π, ‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ ¡—¬„À¡à¢Õ߉∑¬
æ∫«à“¡’π°— ‡¢’¬π√ÿπà „À¡à¢Õ߉∑¬À≈“¬
§π∑’Ëπ”‡Õ“«‘∏’°“√·µà߇√◊ËÕß·∫∫‡¡µ“
øî°™—π¡“„™â, ¢Õπ”¡“¬°‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß
‡¡µ“øî°™—π‡ªìπ»—æ∑å∑“ß«√√≥-  ∂“π ¬— ß ‰¡à ‰ ¥â ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ »— æ ∑å §”«à “ Û ‡√◊ËÕߧ◊Õ
§¥’ ∑’Ë À π— ß  ◊ Õ A Handbook to ‡¡µ“øî°™—𠇪ìπ¿“…“‰∑¬. π—°«‘™“ ‡√◊ËÕß ‘π„ππÈ”Ωπ ¢Õß Õ—≠™—πÚ
LiteratureÒ „À⧫“¡À¡“¬«à“ çA °“√·≈–π—°«‘®“√≥åÀ≈“¬§π„™â»—æ∑åπ’È π—°‡¢’¬π√“ß«—≈´’‰√µå æ.». ÚıÛÛ,
work of FICTION, a major con- ‡ªì π ¿“…“‰∑¬·µ°µà “ ß°— 𠉪 ‡™à 𠇪ìπ‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ√«¡‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ™ÿ¥
cern of which is the nature of FIC- ‡√◊ËÕß·µàß∑’Ë查∂÷߇√◊ËÕß·µàß#, ‡√◊ËÕ߇≈à“∑’Ë ºŸâ·≈‡ÀÁπ≈¡ ¡’‡π◊ÈÕ‡√◊ËÕß«à“ π—°‡¢’¬π
TION itself or the process by ‡≈à“∂÷ßµ—«¡—π‡Õß✝, ∫—π‡∑‘ߧ¥’∑‡Ë’ °’¬Ë «°—∫ ºŸâÀπ÷Ëß (¢â“懮â“) °”≈—ß√’∫°≈—∫∫â“π
which FICTION makes its °“√ √â “ ß √√§å ∫— π ‡∑‘ ß §¥’ ✝✝ ´÷Ë ß ¡’ ‡æ◊ÕË ‰ª‡¢’¬π‡√◊ÕË ß àß„Àâ∑π— µ“¡°”Àπ¥
statements.é „π¢≥–π’§È ≥–°√√¡°“√ ≈— ° …≥–‡ªì 𠧔Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬≈— ° …≥–°“√ ·µà ° ≈— ∫ µ‘ ¥ ΩπÕ¬Ÿà „ π»“≈“·Àà ß Àπ÷Ë ß
∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å«√√≥§¥’ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬- ‡¢’¬πÀ√◊Õ°√–∫«π°“√·µàß«√√≥°√√¡ æ√âÕ¡¥â«¬ºŸâ§π¡“°¡“¬. ç√–À«à“ß
∑’ˬ◊π§Õ¬„ÀâΩπ´“π’Ë·À≈– ¢â“懮⓰Á
* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ú ‡¡…“¬π æ.». ÚıÙı √‘Õà“π·µà߇√◊ËÕß —Èππ’È ¢÷Èπ¡“é (ºŸâ·≈‡ÀÁπ
#
™Ÿ»—°¥‘Ï ¿—∑√°ÿ≈«≥‘™¬å, Õ“®“√¬å¿“§«‘™“¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…, §≥–»‘≈ª»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∏√√¡»“ µ√å. ≈¡, Àπâ“ ÙÒ). Ωπµ°Àπ—°‰¡àÀ¬ÿ¥
✝
πææ√ ª√–™“°ÿ≈, Õ“®“√¬å¿“§«‘™“¿“…“Ω√—Ë߇» , §≥–»‘≈ª»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∏√√¡»“ µ√å. ºŸâ § π„π»“≈“‡ªï ¬ °ªÕπ·≈–‡√‘Ë ¡ ∫à π
✝✝
Õ‘√“«¥’ ‰µ≈—ߧ–, Õ“®“√¬å¿“§«‘™“«√√≥§¥’, §≥–¡πÿ…¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å. ¥â«¬§«“¡Õ÷¥Õ—¥°—ß«≈„®∑’ˉ¡àÕ“®ÕÕ°

‡¡µ“ø—π„πß“π‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ¢Õ߉∑¬ ¡—¬„À¡à
¯ÙÚ

‰ªªØ‘∫µ— ¿‘ “√°‘®¢Õßµπ‰¥â √«¡∑—ßÈ µ—«
≈–§√π—°‡¢’¬π ´÷ßË ‡√‘¡Ë ∑âÕ·∑â°∫— °“√‡ ’¬
‡«≈“∑’»Ë “≈“À≈∫Ωπ·Ààßπ’.È §”查¢Õß
µ—«≈–§√ –∑âÕ𧫓¡§‘¥∑’Ë®–π”‡Õ“
ª√– ∫°“√≥å √ –À«à “ ß°“√µ‘ ¥ Ωπ‰ª
‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ‡√◊ÕË ß¥—ßπ’È ç¢â“懮ⓇÕß°ÁµÕâ ß
¡“‡ ’¬ª√–‚¬™πå‡æ√“–¡“µ‘¥Ωπ‡«√
°√√¡π’˥⫬‡À¡◊Õπ°—π æ√ÿàßπ’ȧ◊Õ‡ âπ
µ“¬∑’Ë ¢â “ 懮⠓ µâ Õ ß à ß µâ π ©∫— ∫ °— ∫
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡Àπ÷Ëß ·≈â«®–
‡Õ“‡«≈“∑’Ë ‰ Àππ÷ ° À“Õ–‰√¡“‡¢’ ¬ π
‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇠√Á®∑—π°“√≥å ‰Õâ∑’˧‘¥®–À“Ê
‡Õ“„π»“≈“‰ª‡¢’¬π ‡ÀÁπ∑à“®–‡ªìπ
À¡—π ‡æ√“–‰¡à‡ÀÁπ®–¡’Õ–‰√‡Õ“‡≈¬
∑—Èß‚§√߇√◊ËÕß ©“° √«¡‰ª∂÷ßµ—«≈–§√
´÷Ë ß ≈â « π·µà ‡ ªï ¬ °¡–≈à Õ °¡–·≈à ° À¡¥
∑ÿ°µ—«é (ºŸâ·≈‡ÀÁπ≈¡, Àπâ“ Ùı).
„π®”π«πºŸ¡â “µ‘¥ΩπÕ¬Ÿ„à π»“≈“
·Ààßπ’È ¡’·¡à§â“¢“¬¢π¡®’π´÷Ëß°”≈—ß
‡ªìπ∑ÿ°¢å«à“Ωπµ°∑”„À⢓¬¢π¡®’π
‰¡à‰¥â, ·µàª√“°Ø«à“§π∑’ËÀ≈∫Ωπ„π
»“≈“æ“°—πÕÿ¥Àπÿπ¢π¡®’π¢Õß·¡à§â“
°—π∑ÿ°§π√«¡∑—ßÈ µ—«≈–§√π—°‡¢’¬πºŸπâ π—È .
µà Õ ¡“µ”√«®‡∑»°‘ ® ‡¢â “ ¡“„π»“≈“
∫√√¬“°“»‡ª≈’¬Ë π‡ªìπµ÷߇§√’¬¥ ·¡à§“â
°≈—«®–∂Ÿ°µ”√«®®—∫∑’˧ⓢ“¬º‘¥∑’Ë ·µà
ª√“°Ø«à“µ”√«®°Á‡ªìπ≈Ÿ°§â“Õÿ¥Àπÿπ
¢π¡®’π¢Õß·°¥â«¬. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë
µ”√«®‡∑»°‘ ® °≈— ∫ °≈“¬‡ªì π ≈Ÿ ° §â “
Õÿ ¥ Àπÿ π ¢π¡®’ π ·∑π®–®— ∫ °ÿ ¡ ·¡à §â “
Õ¬à“ß∑’˧π∑—Ë«‰ª¡—°®–§“¥‡¥“«à“‡ªìπ
‡™àππ—πÈ , µ—«≈–§√π—°‡¢’¬π®÷߇ª√’¬∫ ‘ßË
∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π π’È «à “ ‡À¡◊ Õ π¡’ ¡◊ Õ ∑’Ë ¡ Õ߉¡à
‡ÀÁ π ¡“·¬à ß ‡¢’ ¬ π‡√◊Ë Õ ßµÕπ®∫·∑π
·≈–‡¢’¬π·∫∫À—°¡ÿ¡æ≈‘°§«“¡§“¥
À¡“¬‡ ’¬¥â«¬.
√◊πË ƒ∑—¬  —®®æ—π∏åÿ
ç¢â“懮Ⓞπ∞“π–π—°‡¢’¬πµ—«
®√‘ß ‰¥â·µà¬◊π∑”µ“ª√‘∫Ê √–À«à“ß∑’Ë
¡Õßµ“¡√∂®—°√¬“π¬πµå§—ππ—Èπ‰ª®π
≈—∫µ“ ¢â“懮â“∂Ÿ°¡◊ÕÕ—π¬‘Ëß„À≠à∑’Ë¡Õß
‰¡à‡ÀÁπµ—«µπ ·¬à߇ՓµÕπ∑⓬ ÿ¥¢Õß
‡√◊ÕË ß‰ª·µàß ´È”¬—ßÀ—°¡ÿ¡®∫æ≈‘°§«“¡
§“¥À¡“¬„À⇠’¬Õ’°¥â«¬é (ºŸ·â ≈‡ÀÁπ≈¡,
Àπâ“ Ù˘).
 ÿ¥∑⓬ΩπÀ¬ÿ¥ ºŸâÀ≈∫Ωπ·µà≈–
§πÕÕ°®“°»“≈“‰ª √«¡∑—È ß ·¡à §â “
¢π¡®’π∑’¢Ë “¬¢Õ߉¥âÀ¡¥À“∫ ‡°Á∫≈â“ß
∂⫬™“¡°—∫πÈ”Ωπ·≈â«°Á§ÕπÀ“∫‡¥‘π
®“°‰ª. µ—«≈–§√π—°‡¢’¬ππ÷°¢Õ∫„®
·¡à§â“Õ¬Ÿà„π„® ç¢Õ∫„®π–ªÑ“ ¢Õ∫„®
‡À≈◊Õ‡°‘π∑’ªË “Ñ ¡“‡ªìπµ—«≈–§√™—πÈ ¥’„Àâé
·≈–¢Õ∫„® “¬Ωπ ç ”À√— ∫ Àπâ “
°√–¥“…«à“߇ª≈à“∑’ˉ¥â‡µÁ¡¢÷Èπé.
¥—ßπ—Èπ‡¡◊ËÕÕà“π‡√◊ËÕß —Èππ’È®∫≈ß ºŸâ
Õà “ π®–§“¥‰¥â «à “ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß —È π ∑’Ë π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π
‡¢’¬π àß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ („π‡√◊ËÕß) „Àâ
∑—π‡«≈“§◊Õ‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȇÕß. °“√‡¢’¬π‡√◊ËÕß
‡™àππ’È®÷ߪ√–Àπ÷Ëß«à“„À⺟âÕà“π‰¥â∑√“∫
‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ß°“√·µà߇√◊ËÕß —Èπ‡√◊ËÕßπ’È ·≈–
¥— ß ‰¥â ° ≈à “ «·≈â « «à “ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß·∫∫°“√‡≈à “
‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ßπ—Èπ ºŸâ·µàß®–∫Õ°°≈à“«„À⺟â
Õà “ π√— ∫ √Ÿâ Õ ¬Ÿà µ ≈Õ¥‡«≈“«à “ °”≈— ß Õà “ π
‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë·µàߢ÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ‰¡à„À⺟âÕà“πÀ≈ß„π
¡“¬“¢Õß»‘ ≈ ª–°“√‡≈à “ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß«à “ ‡ªì π
‡√◊ËÕß®√‘ß. ¥—ßπ—ÈππÕ°®“°®–°≈à“«‰«â
µÕπµâπ‡√◊ËÕß«à“ ç√–À«à“ß∑’ˬ◊π§Õ¬„Àâ
Ωπ´“π’·Ë À≈– ¢â“懮⓰Á√Õ‘ “à π·µà߇√◊ÕË ß
 —Èπ‡√◊ËÕßπ’È¢÷Èπ¡“é (ºŸâ·≈‡ÀÁπ≈¡, Àπâ“
ÙÚ) ·≈â«, „π√–À«à“ß°“√‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß
µ—«≈–§√ ºŸâ‡¢’¬π°Á®–∫Õ°·°àºŸâÕà“π
À≈“¬§√—ßÈ «à“°”≈—ß çºŸ°‡√◊ÕË ßé À√◊Õ°”≈—ß
ç √â“߇√◊ËÕßé ¢÷Èπ ¥—ß°≈à“««à“
¯ÙÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
çøÑ“‡∑∑ÿ°¢å¢Õß¡—π ≈ß¡“√–ºŸâ
‡§¬Õ¬Ÿà‡¬Áπ‡ªìπ ÿ¢„µâøÑ“ „Àâ√—∫∑ÿ°¢å
®πµ—«‚™°‡¢â“∫â“ß·≈â«....
ª√–‚¬§‡∫‘°‚√ߢÕߢâ“懮â“
ºÿ¥«“∫¢÷Èπ ‡ªî¥‡√◊ËÕߥ⫬Ωπ ·µà®–µàÕ
‡√◊ÕË ß‰ªÕ’∑“à ‰Àπ‡≈à“. ¢â“懮â“欓¬“¡
¡Õ߉ª√Õ∫Ê µ—«≈–§√ ©“° À√◊Õ·¡â
·µà‚§√߇√◊ËÕß°Á¬—ßÀ“‰¡à‰¥â, ·µà·≈â«°Á
Ωππ’Ë · À≈–‡ªì π µ— « µâ Õ π„Àâ ¡ “ª–‡Õ“
©“°¢Õ߇√◊ËÕ߇¢â“ ´÷Ëß¡—π°Á‡ªìπ»“≈“
∑’Ëæ—°√‘¡∂ππ· π®–∏√√¡¥“ µ—«»“≈“
°‘π∑’Ë°«â“߬“«‰¡à‡°‘π°«à“Àâ“ ‘∫µ“√“ß
‡¡µ√ À≈—ߧ“≈“¥ªŸª√–‡∫◊ÈÕß·ºàπ‡°à“
§√Ë” ∑—Èß “¡¥â“π‡ªî¥‚≈àß ‡«âπ·µà¥â“π
„π ÿ¥∑’˵’ºπ—ߪî¥∑÷∫. ∂—¥®“°»“≈“
À≈—ßπ’ȇªì𪓰ª√–µŸ∑“߇¢â“ «π —µ«å
‡¢“¥‘ π ∑’Ë µ Õππ’È ‡ ß’ ¬ ∫‡™’ ¬ ∫ºŸâ § π¡“
‡∑’ˬ«é (ºŸâ·≈‡ÀÁπ≈¡, Àπâ“ ÙÚ).
·≈–‡¡◊ÕË ‰¥â·¡à§“â ¢“¬¢π¡®’π‡ªìπ
µ—«≈–§√ µ—«≈–§√π—°‡¢’¬π°Á ç √â“ßµ—«
≈–§√é ‚¥¬®‘ π µπ“°“√∂÷ ß ≈— ° …≥–
·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘À≈—ߢÕßµ—«≈–§√ ¥—ßπ’È
ç¢â“懮Ⓡ√‘¡Ë π÷°‰ª‡√◊ÕË ¬‡ªóÕò ¬
À“æ≈äÕµ„ à„Àⷡ৓⠷°. ·°πà“®–‡ªìπ
§πÊ ‡¥’¬«∑’˵âÕßÀ“‡≈’Ȭߧ√Õ∫§√—«Õ¬Ÿà
º—«πà“®–‡ªìπ§πß“π°àÕ √â“ß ·µàµ°µ÷°
≈ß¡“ßàլ摰“√Õ¬Ÿà°—∫∫â“π ·≈–∫“ß∑’
æ√ÿßà π’ÕÈ “®‡ªìπ‡ â𵓬¢’¥„Àâ·°µâÕß√’∫
À“‡ß‘π®à“¬§à“‡∑Õ¡≈Ÿ°. ∑”‰¡À—«„®
¢Õß∏√√¡™“µ‘∂÷ߢ“¥À—«Õ° ∑”‰¡Ωπ
µ°®—È°Ê µ√ßπ’È ∂÷߉¡à¬âÕπ°“≈‡«≈“‰ª
µ°„ àºπ◊ π“∑’‡Ë §¬·≈âß ®π§√Õ∫§√—«·°
¡’Õπ— µâÕßÕæ¬æÀπ’·≈â߇¢â“¡“°√ÿ߇∑æœ
‡ ’¬‡≈à“...«â“‰¡à‰¥â§«“¡ ¢â“懮Ⓡ≈àπ
°— ∫ æ≈ä Õ µ ç«√√≥°√√¡‡æ◊Ë Õ ™’ «‘ µ é
ª√–‡¿∑´È”´“°Õ’°·≈â«´’é (ºŸâ·≈‡ÀÁπ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
≈¡, Àπâ“ ÙÛ).
πÕ°®“°π’È „π√–À«à“ß∑’ËÕà“π ºŸâ
Õà“π®–æ∫«à“ µ—«≈–§√π—°‡¢’¬π¡’ à«π
√à«¡Õ¬Ÿà„π‡Àµÿ°“√≥åÕ¬à“ß„°≈♑¥ ¥—ß
∑’ˉ¥â√à«¡Õÿ¥Àπÿπ¢π¡®’π¢Õß·¡à§â“ºŸâ
π—Èπ¥â«¬.
ç¢â“懮â“Õÿ¥Àπÿπ·°¥â«¬®“π
Àπ÷Ëß ¢Õß·°∑”‰¥â√ ‡¢â¡¢âπ¥’ ‡ ’¬·µà
µâÕߧլ‡Õ“¡◊Õ°—ππÈ”Ωπ‰¡à„Àâ°√–‡¥Áπ
ªÿª‡ÿ ¢â“‰ªª√ÿß√ „π®“π„Àâ„À¡àé (ºŸ·â ≈
‡ÀÁπ≈¡, Àπâ“ Ù˜).
®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«“à °“√欓¬“¡°√–µÿπâ
‡µ◊ Õ π„Àâ ºŸâ Õà “ π√— ∫ √Ÿâ «à “ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë ‡ ≈à “ ‡ªì π
‡√◊ËÕß·µà߉¡à„™à‡√◊ËÕß®√‘߇™àππ’È ‡ªìπ°“√
∑â “ ∑“¬·π«§‘ ¥  — ® π‘ ¬ ¡ Õ— π ∂◊ Õ «à “
«√√≥°√√¡§◊Õ°“√∂à“¬ –∑âÕ𧫓¡
‡ªìπ®√‘ßÕ¬à“ß∑’ˇªìπÕ¬Ÿàµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘.
«à “ ·∑â ® √‘ ß ·≈â «  — ® π‘ ¬ ¡°Á ·  ¥ß§«“¡
‡ªìπ®√‘߉¥â„π√–¥—∫Àπ÷ßË ‚≈°·Ààߧ«“¡
®√‘ßÕ¬Ÿà‡Àπ◊Õ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡·≈–°“√§“¥
À¡“¬¢Õßπ—°ª√–æ—π∏å À√◊Õ°≈à“«‰¥â
«à“™’«‘µ®√‘߬‘Ëß°«à“𑬓¬ ¥—ß„πµÕπ®∫
¢Õ߇√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë ¥Ÿ ‡ À¡◊ Õ π«à “ πà “ ®–≈߇լ
·∫∫‚»° ≈¥, ·¡à§â“πà“®–∂Ÿ°µ”√«®
‡∑»°‘®‡≈àπß“πµ“¡§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ∑’˧ÿâπ™‘π
«à“ ç·¡à§â“·≈–µ”√«®‡∑»°‘®‡ªìπ‰¡â
‡∫◊ËÕ‰¡â‡¡“°—πé, ·µà‡√◊ËÕß°≈—∫®∫·∫∫
‡ªì π  ÿ ¢ (happy-ending) ‡æ√“–
µ”√«®°≈“¬‡ªìπ≈Ÿ°§â“  à«π·¡à§â“°Á
¢“¬¢ÕßÀ¡¥À“∫. ºŸâ‡¢’¬π®÷ß°≈à“««à“
ç¡◊ Õ Õ— π ¬‘Ë ß „À≠à ∑’Ë ¡ Õ߉¡à ‡ ÀÁ π µ— « µπ
·¬à߇ՓµÕπ∑⓬ ÿ¥¢Õ߇√◊ËÕ߉ª·µàß
´È”¬—ßÀ—°¡ÿ¡®∫æ≈‘°§«“¡§“¥À¡“¬
„À⇠’¬Õ’°¥â«¬é. ¡◊ Õ Õ— π ¬‘Ë ß„À≠à ∑’Ë
¡Õ߉¡à‡ÀÁπµ—«µππ’È ®÷ßÀ¡“¬∂÷ß‚≈°
·Àà ß §«“¡®√‘ ß ´÷Ë ß Õ¬Ÿà π Õ°‡Àπ◊ Õ °“√
§«∫§ÿ ¡ ¢Õßπ— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π, ·≈–„π¢≥–
‡¥’¬«°—π °Á‡ªìπ°“√¬È”„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∏√√¡™“µ‘
·≈–∫∑∫“∑¢Õß«√√≥°√√¡«à“ ‰¡à«à“
«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫„π°“√ √â“ß √√§å«√√≥°√√¡
®–¡“®“°§«“¡‡ªì π ®√‘ ß „¥Ê §«“¡
‡ªìπ®√‘ߥ—ß°≈à“«®–∂Ÿ°‡≈◊Õ° √√ ·µàß
‡µ‘¡ µ’§«“¡ „À⇪ìπÀπ૬ ◊ËÕ§«“¡
À¡“¬ ( —≠≠–) „πµ—«∫∑∑’Ë∂Ÿ°°”Àπ¥
¥â«¬°√Õ∫¢Õß —≠π‘¬¡∑“ß«√√≥°√√¡
Õ’°∑’Àπ÷Ëß ¥—߇™àπ °“√∑’˵—«≈–§√π—°
‡¢’¬π§‘¥ √â“ßæ≈äÕµ„Àâµ—«≈–§√·¡à§â“
¥—ßµ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’ˬ°¡“¢â“ßµâπ ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â
«à “ π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ πÕ“®«“ßæ≈ä Õ µ„Àâ · ¡à §â “
¢π¡®’π¡’™’«‘µ∑’ˬ“°‡¢Á≠≈”‡§Á≠µ“¡
·∫∫¢π∫¢Õß ç«√√≥°√√¡‡æ◊ËÕ™’«‘µé
°Á‰¥â À“°·µàπ—°‡¢’¬π°Á¬°‡≈‘°æ≈äÕµπ’È
‰ª‡ ’¬‡æ√“–‡ÀÁπ«à“´È”´“° (´÷ßË ‡∑à“°—∫
‡ªì π °“√‡ ’ ¬ ¥ ’ « √√≥°√√¡‡æ◊Ë Õ ™’ «‘ µ
‰ªæ√âÕ¡°—π¥â«¬). ¥—ßπ—È𠧫“¡‡™◊ËÕ
∑’Ë«à“ «√√≥°√√¡ —®π‘¬¡∂à“¬ –∑âÕπ
§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ߢÕß‚≈°·≈–™’«‘µ ®÷ßÀ“
„™à§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß
§«“¡πà “ ®–‡ªì π ¢Õ߇√◊Ë Õ ß√“«∑’Ë ∂Ÿ °
°”À𥫓ßÕ¬à“ß ¡‡Àµÿ ¡º≈‡∑à“π—πÈ .
‡¥◊Õπ«“¥ æ‘¡«π“Û ‡ªìππ—°‡¢’¬π
ºŸâÀ≠‘ß√à«¡ ¡—¬Õ’°§πÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë¡’º≈ß“π
‡√◊ÕË ß —πÈ √«¡‡≈à¡ §◊Õ Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡ Õß.
„πÀπ— ß  ◊ Õ √«¡‡√◊Ë Õ ß —È π π’È ¡’ ‡ √◊Ë Õ ßÀπ÷Ë ß
‡ªìπß“π‡¢’¬π·∫∫‡≈à“‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ß°“√
ºŸ°‡√◊ËÕß §◊Õ‡√◊ËÕß°“≈–·Ààß°“√ß“π.
‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȇ≈à“‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ߢÕß°“√
‡¢’¬π‡√◊ËÕß —ÈπÕ’°‡√◊ËÕßÀπ÷Ëß™◊ËÕ Àπ—ß ◊Õ
‡≈à¡ Õß ´÷Ëßµ’æ‘¡æå„π√«¡‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ™ÿ¥
‡¥’¬«°—π ·≈–∂Ÿ°π”‰ª„™â‡ªìπ™◊ËÕ‡≈à¡.
‡√◊ÕË ß —πÈ ™◊ÕË Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡ Õß°≈à“«∂÷ß™“¬
«—¬°≈“ߧπºŸâÀπ÷Ëßµ“¡À“ºŸâÀ≠‘ßÕ’°§π
¯ÙÙ
Àπ÷ßË ‡æ◊ÕË · ¥ßµ—««à“‡¢“§◊Õ‡¥Á°Àπÿ¡à ‡¡◊ÕË
Û¯ ªï∑’Ë·≈â«∑’Ë´◊ÈÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡Àπ÷Ë߉ª
‚¥¬‰¡à‰¥â°≈—∫¡“´◊ÈÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡ Õß
µ“¡ —≠≠“, ·µà‡¡◊ËÕÀ≠‘ߺŸâπ—Èπ¡Õ∫
Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡ Õß„Àâ ‡¢“°≈—∫‰¡àµÕâ ß°“√
‡æ√“–‡¢“§“¥À«— ß «à “ ®–‰¡à ¡’ «— π À“
Àπ—ß ◊Õπ—Èπæ∫, ‡¢“µâÕß°“√„™â‡Àµÿº≈
¢Õß°“√À“Àπ—ß ◊Õ‰¡àæ∫ ‡æ◊ËÕ¬◊π¬—π
«à“‡¢“‰¡à “¡“√∂‡√‘Ë¡µâππ—∫Àπ÷Ëß„À¡à
°—∫™’«‘µ∑’Ë≈⡇À≈«‚¥¬ ‘Èπ‡™‘ß¢Õ߇¢“
䴉.
 à«π‡√◊ËÕß°“≈–·Ààß°“√ß“π ‡ªìπ
‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õßπ— ° ‡¢’ ¬ πºŸâ À π÷Ë ß °”≈— ß ·µà ß
‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ´÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ‡√◊ËÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡ Õß
π—Ëπ‡Õß. ‡¥◊Õπ«“¥„Àâ çº¡é ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
µ— « ≈–§√π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π欓¬“¡§√ÿà 𠧑 ¥
À“‡Àµÿ º ≈„Àâ °— ∫ °“√°√–∑”¢Õßµ— «
≈–§√ ‡™àπ ∑”‰¡‡¥Á°™“¬§ππ—Èπ‰¡à
°≈—∫¡“´◊ÈÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡ Õß, ∑”‰¡ºŸâ
À≠‘ߧππ—Èπ®÷߇°Á∫Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡ Õ߉«â,
∑”‰¡‡¢“®÷ß¡“µ“¡À“Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡ Õß
À≈—ß®“°‡«≈“ºà“π‰ª∂÷ß Û¯ ªï, ‡Àµÿ
„¥‡¡◊ËÕæ∫·≈⫇¢“°Á‰¡àµâÕß°“√¡—πÕ’°.
πÕ°®“°π’È ¬— ß ®ß„®„Àâ µ— « ≈–§√™“¬
· ¥ß§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°Õ¬à“ß‚®àß·®âß „π¢≥–
∑’Ë„Àâµ—«≈–§√À≠‘߇°Á∫ß”§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°‰«â
œ≈œ. ‡¥◊Õπ«“¥„Àâ çº¡é ´÷Ë߇ªìπµ—«
≈–§√π—°‡¢’¬π§‘¥·°â‰¢ªí≠À“‡À≈à“π’È
À≈“¬·ßà À ≈“¬¡ÿ ¡ . §«“¡§‘ ¥ ∫“ß
Õ¬à “ ߉¡à   ¡‡Àµÿ   ¡º≈°Á µâ Õ ß∑‘È ß ‰ª
·≈⫧‘¥„À¡à®π°«à“®–æ∫§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª
‰¥â. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ≈’¬°ÁÀ≈—∫‰ª À√◊Õßà«ß°Á
ÕÕ°‰ª‡¥‘π Ÿ¥Õ“°“» ‰ª¥Ÿ°“√∑”ß“π
¢Õß™à“ß„πÕŸà´àÕ¡√∂. °“√°≈à“«∂÷ß
°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß™à “ ß„πÕŸà ´à Õ ¡√∂‡ªì π
≈—°…≥–¢Õß°“√‡≈à“‡√◊ÕË ß·∫∫‚¬ß‡∑’¬∫
‡¡µ“ø—π„πß“π‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ¢Õ߉∑¬ ¡—¬„À¡à

(parallel) °—∫°“√‡¢’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ, ´÷Ëß
∑”„Àâπ—°‡¢’¬πºŸâπ’ȧâπæ∫§”µÕ∫∑’Ëπ”
¡“„™â°—∫ß“π √â“ß √√§å¢ÕßµπÀ≈“¬
ª√–°“√. °“√‡≈à “ ∂÷ ß °√–∫«π°“√
∑”ß“π¢Õßπ—°‡¢’¬πºŸâÀπ÷Ë߇™àππ’È∑”„Àâ
ºŸâÕà“π∑√“∫«à“π—°‡¢’¬π„™âæ≈—ߧ«“¡
§‘¥¡À“»“≈„π°“√ √â“ß √√§å«√√≥-
°√√¡Õ¬à“߉√ .
纡§‘¥ §‘¥ ®π‡ âπª√– “∑
‡µâπµÿ∫Ê ¢÷Èπ¡“Õ’°·≈â« ·≈–Õ“°“√
ßà«ßßÿπ°ÁµÕ∫µ°≈ß°—∫Õ“°“√«‘߇«’¬π
æ√âÕ¡„®°—π‡¢â“‡≈àπß“πº¡°—π¬°„À≠à.
º¡‰¡à √Ÿâ «à “ ∑”‰¡∂÷ ß ‡ªì 𠇙à π π’È ‰ ª‰¥â
‡À≈◊ÕÕ’°‰¡à‡∑à“‰√º¡°Á®–®∫‡√◊ÕË ß‰¥â·≈â«
º¡‡¥‘π‡√◊ËÕß¡“®π∂÷ß®ÿ¥ ”§—≠·≈–‰¡à
 “¡“√∂‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß„À⇪ìπÕ◊Ëπ‰ª‰¥â
Õ’°, ·µàº¡°Á¡Õ߉¡à‡ÀÁπÀπ∑“ß«à“®–
Õÿ¥™àÕß‚À«àπ’ȉ¥âÕ¬à“߉√. º¡‡°≈’¬¥
§«“¡‰¡à‰¥â¥ß— „®‡À≈◊Õ‡°‘π, °«à“®–ºà“π
¡“∂÷ß®ÿ¥π’ȉ¥âº¡µâÕßµàÕ Ÿâ°—∫§«“¡´—∫
´âÕπ¡“Õ¬à“ß∂’ˬ‘∫ ∑’≈–¢—Èπ ∑’≈–¢—Èπ
¥â«¬§«“¡∑√À¥, ·µà¥Ÿ‡À¡◊Õπªí≠À“
°Áæ√âÕ¡®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„À¡à‰¥âµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ °Á
¥’ Õ ¬Ÿà À √Õ°∑’Ë ªí ≠ À“®–ºÿ ¥ ¢÷È π ¡“®π
À¡¥ ‘È π ‡æ√“–∂â “ ¡— π À≈∫´à Õ πÕ¬Ÿà
·≈⫺¡ºà“π‡≈¬‰ª‡ ’¬≈–°Á §ß‰¡àµâÕß
π÷ ° À√Õ°«à “ §«“¡º‘ ¥ æ≈“¥‡™à π π’È ® –
°àÕ„À⇰‘¥º≈Õ–‰√∫â“ß, ·µà∂â“À“°º¡
·°âªí≠À“‰¡à‰¥â‡≈à“ º¡®–µâÕß∑‘È߇√◊ËÕß
√“«∑’ËÕÿµ à“À奔‡π‘π¡“·∑∫‡ªìπ·∑∫
µ“¬Õ¬à“ßπ—ÈπÀ√◊Õé (Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡ Õß,
Àπâ“ ÚÛ-Ò).
„π∑’Ë ÿ¥ çº¡é µ—«≈–§√π—°‡¢’¬π
æ∫«à“∫∑∫“∑¢Õßπ—°‡¢’¬πÕ¬Ÿµà √߉Àπ
§«√‡ªìπ‡™àπ‰√ ¥—ß∑’ˇ¢“°≈à“«‰«â«à“
纡´÷ßË ‡ªìπºŸ‡â ¢’¬π®–µâÕß√Ÿ®â °—
√◊πË ƒ∑—¬  —®®æ—π∏åÿ
·≈–‡¢â“„®µ—«≈–§√°√–∑—Ëß√Ÿâ ÷°‡ªìπÕ—π
Àπ÷ËßÕ—π‡¥’¬«°—∫µ—«≈–§√∑ÿ°µ—«, π—Ëπ
À¡“¬∂÷ߺ¡®–µâÕß°√–‚®πÕÕ°¡“„Àâ
Àà“ß®“°µ—«≈–§√æ√âÕ¡Ê °—∫°√–‚®π
‡¢â“‰ª‡ªìπÕ—πÀπ÷ßË Õ—π‡¥’¬«°—∫µ—«≈–§√é
(Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡ Õß, Àπâ“ ÚÒ¯).
燡◊ËÕº¡‡√‘Ë¡‡¢’¬π °ÁÀ¡“¬
∂÷ß«à“®–‰¡à¡’º¡Õ¬ŸàÕ’°µàÕ‰ª, ‚≈°·Ààß
§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ߢÕߺ¡®–À¡¥‰ª µ—«
µπ·≈–§«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° π÷ ° §‘ ¥ ¢Õߺ¡°Á ® –
µ“¬≈߉ª ·≈–π’Ë°Á§◊Õ°“√°√–‚®πÕÕ°
‰ª„ÀâÀ“à ß®“°µ—«≈–§√. „π‡«≈“π—πÈ ‡Õß
º¡®–°≈— ∫ °≈“¬‡ªì π µ— « ≈–§√∑ÿ ° µ— «
‡ªì π π“¬∫ÿ ≠  à ß ‡ªì π À≠‘ ß °≈“ߧπ
‡º™‘≠Àπâ“°—∫ ∂“π°“√≥åÕ¬à“ß·ª≈°
„À¡à·≈–‡ªìπªí®®ÿ∫—π, ·≈–π’Ë°Á§◊Õ°“√
°√–‚®π‡¢â “ ‰ª‡ªì π Õ— π Àπ÷Ë ß Õ— 𠇥’ ¬ «
°—∫µ—«≈–§√é (Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡ Õß, Àπâ“
ÚÒ¯).
„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π ‡¢“°Áæ∫«à“™’«µ‘
®√‘ß°—∫‡√◊ËÕß·µà߉¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—π „π™’«‘µ
®√‘ß¡πÿ…¬åÕ“®∑” ‘Ëß∑’ˉ√â‡Àµÿº≈ „π
¢≥–∑’Ë µ— « ≈–§√„π‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë · µà ß ¢÷È π ®–
µâÕß∑”∑ÿ° ‘Ëß∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’‡Àµÿº≈
 ¡®√‘ß. §«“¡¬âÕπ·¬â߇™àππ’È ‡ªìπ
ª√–‡¥Áπ°“√‡ ’¬¥ ’µπ‡Õß∑’Ëπà“ π„®
¥—ß∑’‡Ë ¥◊Õπ«“¥„À⵫— ≈–§√π—°‡¢’¬π°≈à“«
«à“
纡π’·Ë À≈–§◊Õ¡πÿ…¬å§πÀπ÷ßË
º¡π’Ë·À≈–∑’Ë°√–∑”„πÀ≈“¬ ‘ËßÀ≈“¬
Õ¬à“ß‚¥¬‰¡à¡’‡Àµÿº≈„¥Ê ∑—Èß ‘Èπ ®–¡’
°Á·µà‡æ’¬ß°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®°√–∑” ·≈–
§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°æÕ„®À≈—ß®“°‰¥â°√–∑”‰ª
·≈â«. µ—«≈–§√„πß“π¢Õߺ¡·µà≈–µ—«
π—Èπ º¡µâÕß°“√„À⇢“‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å„Àâ
¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ „À⥟®√‘ß®—ß∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡¡◊ËÕµ—«
¯Ùı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
≈–§√¢Õߺ¡¢¬—∫®–∑” ‘ËßÀπ÷Ëß ‘Ëß„¥
¢÷Èπ¡“ º¡µâÕß«‘ËßÀ“‡Àµÿº≈¡“√Õß√—∫
Õÿµ≈ÿ¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ§πÕà“π‡™◊ËÕ«à“  ‘Ëß∑’˵—«
≈–§√¢Õߺ¡∑”≈߉ªπ—È π Õ¬Ÿà ∫ πæ◊È π
∞“π∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å§πÀπ÷Ëß®–°√–∑”‰¥â ¬‘Ëß¡’
‡Àµÿº≈¡“√Õß√—∫¡“°‡∑à“„¥ ºŸâÕà“π°Á
¬‘Ë߇™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ¡“°¢÷Èπ‡∑à“π—Èπ. ·≈⫵—«º¡
‡≈à“ º¡‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å§πÀπ÷Ëß ·µàº¡¡—°
∑”„π ‘ßË ∑’‰Ë ¡à¡‡’ Àµÿº≈·≈–Õ∏‘∫“¬‰¡à‰¥â
π’Ë ‡ √’ ¬ °«à “ º¡°√–∑”≈߉ª‚¥¬‰¡à Õ ¬Ÿà
∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å®–°√–∑”°—π À√◊Õ
«à“º¡¬—߉¡à¡§’ «“¡‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å‡æ’¬ßæÕ.
πà“¢”¥’·∑â °≈—∫°≈“¬‡ªìπ«à“ µ—«≈–§√
∑’Ë º ¡ √â “ ߢ÷È π ¡“π—È π ¬— ß ¡’ § «“¡‡ªì π
¡πÿ…¬å¡“°°«à“µ—«º¡‡ ’¬Õ’° º¡Õ¬“°
À—«‡√“–„Àâøπí À≈ÿ¥ ·µà°ÀÁ «— ‡√“–‰¡àÕÕ°
‰¥â·µà°â¡Àπ⓰⡵“À“‡Àµÿº≈„Àâ°—∫
µ—«≈–§√¢Õߺ¡µàÕ‰ªé (Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡
 Õß,Àπâ“ ÚÛÚ-ÚÛÛ).
‡√◊ÕË ß —πÈ ™◊ÕË °“≈–·Ààß°“√ß“π π—∫
«à“‡ªìπ°“√Õ∏‘∫“¬‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ß°“√·µàß
‡√◊Ë Õ ß —È πÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡ ÕßÕ¬à“ß·∑â®√‘ß
‡æ√“–∑”„À⺟âÕà“π‡¢â“„®°√–∫«π°“√
§‘¥ ‡¢’¬π ·≈–‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß°“√
 √â “ ßµ— « ≈–§√„Àâ ¡’ ‡ ≈◊ Õ ¥‡π◊È Õ Õ“√¡≥å
§«“¡§‘¥‡ªìπ¢Õßµπ‡Õß.
ª√“∫¥“ À¬ÿπà Ù ‡ªìππ—°‡¢’¬π‡√◊ÕË ß
 —È π √ÿà π „À¡à ‰ ø·√ß∑’Ë °”≈— ß ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ ‡ ’ ¬ ß
‡æ√“–ß“π‡¢’¬π¢Õ߇¢“∑â“∑“¬ —≠-
π‘¬¡∑“ß«√√≥°√√¡ (literary con-
vention) ∑—Èß√Ÿª·∫∫·≈–‡π◊ÈÕÀ“√«¡
∑—Èß°≈«‘∏’°“√·µàßÕ¬à“ß‚¥¥‡¥àπ ®π¡’ºŸâ
¬°¬àÕß„À⇢“‡ªìππ—°‡¢’¬π·∂«Àπâ“
§πÀπ÷Ëß„π°≈ÿà¡À≈—ß ¡—¬„À¡à¢Õ߉∑¬.
‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ‡√◊ËÕßÀπ÷Ëß„π™ÿ¥ §«“¡πà“®–
‡ªìπ §◊Õ‡√◊ÕË ß ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å°√√¡´È”‡≈à“ ¡’
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
≈—°…≥–¢Õß«√√≥°√√¡·∫∫‡≈à“‡∫◊ÈÕß
À≈—ß°“√ºŸ°‡√◊ËÕßÕ¬à“ßπà“ π„®. ‡√◊ËÕß
‡√‘Ë¡®“°π“¬ªÕπ—Ëß¡Õßµ”√«®®√“®√
∑”ß“πÕ¬Ÿà°≈“ß∂ππ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ —≠≠“≥
¢—∫‡§≈◊ËÕπ·°àæ“Àπ–µà“ßÊ. µ”√«®
®√“®√ºŸâπ’È™◊ËÕ𓬪√–°Õ∫ √–À«à“ß
 —≠≠“π‰ø·¥ß ®√“®√ª√–°Õ∫‡ÀÁπ
π“߇°¥ §Ÿà√—°‡°à“ ´÷Ë߇≈‘°√“‰ª¡’ “¡’
„À¡à™◊ËÕπ“¬ÕßÕ“®, π—Ëß´âÕπ√∂®—°√-
¬“π¬πµå¢Õßπ“¬πæ¥≈æπ—°ß“π àß
¢Õß„π‚√ßæ‘¡æå¢Õßπ“¬ÕßÕ“®. π“ß
‡°¥·≈–π“¬πææ≈¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å©—π
§Ÿà√—°°—π. √–À«à“ߢ—∫√∂®—°√¬“π¬πµå
π“¬πæ¥≈À—π‰ª‡ÀÁπ√∂‡°ãߧ—πÀπ÷Ëß
®Õ¥√Õ —≠≠“≥‰ø ™“¬π—°∏ÿ√°‘®¿Ÿ¡‘
∞“π∑’Ë π—Ë ß „π√∂‡°ã ß §◊ Õ π“¬«‘∑—»πå ¡’
¿√√¬“‡ªìπ™“«‰µâÀ«—π ¡’≈°Ÿ  “«≈Ÿ°™“¬
Õ¬à“ß≈–Àπ÷Ëߧπ. π“¬πæ¥≈‡§¬‡ªìπ
§π¢—∫√∂¢Õß𓬫‘∑—»πå. „π√∂‡°ãß
𓬫‘ ∑— » πå ‚ ∑√»— æ ∑å π— ¥ À¡“¬°— ∫
π“ß “«°âÕ¬ π—°»÷°…“´÷Ë߇ªìπ¿√√¬“
‡°Á∫. π“ß “«°âÕ¬°”≈—ßÕ¬Ÿà„π√â“π
¢“¬Àπ—ß ◊Õ ‡ªî¥Õà“πÀπ—ß ◊Õ·ª≈®“°
º≈ß“π™‘Èπ‚∫«å·¥ß¢Õßπ—°‡¢’¬π™“«
Ω√—ßË ‡» ¥â«¬§«“¡ π„®. ¢≥–π—πÈ ‡∏Õ
‡À≈◊Õ∫‰ª‡ÀÁπÀπÿà¡πâÕ¬§πÀπ÷Ëß°”≈—ß
‡≈◊Õ°Àπ—ß ◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà ‡∏Õ®”‰¥â«à“™◊ËÕπ“¬
µ—߇°. 𓬵—߇°‡ªìππâÕß™“¬¢Õß
‡æ◊ÕË ππ“ß “«°âÕ¬. 𓬵—߇°À≈ß„À≈
„πµ— « ‡æ◊Ë Õ πæ’Ë   “«§ππ’È ¡ “µ—È ß ·µà Õ “¬ÿ
‡æ’¬ß·ª¥¢«∫ ¥—߇™àπ§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëߧ«“¡
∑’Ë√’∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π‰ªÀ“π“ß “«°âÕ¬´÷Ëß
°≈—∫®“°°√ÿ߇∑朡“‡¬’ˬ¡∫â“π ‡¢“
ª√– ∫Õÿ ∫— µ‘ ‡ Àµÿ ∂Ÿ ° √∂®— ° √¬“π¬πµå
™π®π ≈∫. µÕππ’È𓬵—߇°¡“‡√’¬π
Àπ—ß ◊Õ„π°√ÿ߇∑朷≈–¡’·øπ‡√’¬∫
√âÕ¬·≈â«. 𓬵—߇°√Ÿâ ÷°‡À¡◊Õπ¡’§π
¡ÕßÕ¬Ÿà ·µàÀ—π‰ª¥Ÿ·≈â«°Á‰¡à√Ÿâ®—°„§√
®÷ß°â¡≈ßÕà“πÀπ—ß ◊Õ„π¡◊Õ‡æ◊ËÕ™—Ëß„®«à“
®–´◊ÈÕ¥’À√◊Õ‰¡à. °≈ÿࡪ√–‚¬§„πÀπâ“
 ÿ¥∑⓬¢ÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ∑’ˇ¢“°”≈—ßÕà“π¡’
¢âÕ§«“¡«à“
ç𓬪Õπ—Ë ß ¡Õ߉ø “¡ ’ ∑’Ë
 ≈—∫ —∫‡ª≈’¬Ë π‰ª¡“µ“¡·π«µ—ßÈ ‡¥’¬Î «
‡¢’¬« ‡¥’ά«‡À≈◊Õß ‡¥’ά«·¥ß µ”√«®
®√“®√¬◊ π  à ß  — ≠ ≠“≥Õ¬Ÿà „ µâ · ªÑ π ‰ø
´÷Ëߢ≥–π’Ȫ√“°Ø‡ªìπ ’‡¢’¬« ∂ÿß¡◊Õ ’
¢“«®÷ß‚∫° –∫—¥‡ªìπ®—ßÀ«–„Àâæ“Àπ–
¢— ∫ ¢’Ë ‡ §≈◊Ë Õ π§≈â Õ ¬‰ª°— ∫ ‡ â π ∂ππ.
𓬪Õ√Ÿâ®—°µ”√«®®√“®√π“¬π’È¥’ ‡¢“
¡’™◊ËÕ«à“ª√–°Õ∫ æàÕ™◊ËÕª√–°“√ ·¡à
™◊ËÕ ”≈’ ¡’æ’Ë “«™◊ËÕ«’≥“ πâÕß™“¬Õ’°
Àπ÷Ëß™◊ËÕªÕé.
¢âÕ§«“¡π’ȇªìπ¢âÕ§«“¡‡¥’¬«°—∫
¬à Õ Àπâ “ ·√°∑’Ë ‡ √‘Ë ¡ µâ π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß —È π ‡√◊Ë Õ ßπ’È
π—πË ‡Õß.
¥—ßπ—πÈ ®÷ß°≈—∫‡ªìπ«à“‡√◊ÕË ß∑’‡Ë ≈à“¡“
µ—Èß·µàµâπ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ ∑’ˇ≈à“
´â Õ πÕ¬Ÿà „ π‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«¢Õß𓬵— ß ‡°∑’Ë
°”≈— ß æ‘ ® “√≥“‡≈◊ Õ °´◊È Õ Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ Õ’ ° ∑’
Àπ÷ßË . °≈à“«Õ’°∑’Àπ÷ßË ‰¥â«“à ‡√◊ÕË ß —πÈ ‡√◊ÕË ß
π’ȧ◊Õ‡√◊ËÕߢÕß𓬵—߇°°”≈—߇≈◊Õ°´◊ÈÕ
Àπ—ß ◊Õ„π√â“πÀπ—ß ◊Õ·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß ·≈–
‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ‡√◊ËÕßÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë𓬵—߇°‰¥âÕà“π
§◊ Õ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«∑’Ë ° ≈à “ «‰ª·≈â « ¢â “ ßµâ π .
°“√„Àâ𓬵—߇°‡ªìπµ—«≈–§√∑’Ë°”≈—ß
‡≈◊ Õ °´◊È Õ Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ·≈–‡ªì π µ— « ≈–§√„π
Àπ—ß ◊Õ∑’Ë°”≈—ß∂Ÿ°Õà“π ∑”„Àâ‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ
‡√◊ËÕßπ’È¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ‡¡µ“øî°™—π §◊Õ
‡√◊ËÕ߇≈à“∑’ˇ≈à“∂÷ßµ—«¡—π‡Õß.
„π·ßືŸâ µàß ‡√◊ÕË ß·∫∫‡¡µ“øî°™—π
πà“®–·µà߬“°‰¡àπâÕ¬ ‡æ√“–π”‡Õ“
¯Ùˆ
°√–∫«π°“√·µà߇√◊ËÕß¡“‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“
¢Õ߇√◊ËÕ߇ ’¬‡Õß ∑”„Àâ¡’¢âÕ®”°—¥„π
°“√·µàß. „π¥â“πºŸâÕà“π °Á™«π„À⇰‘¥
§«“¡ —∫ π„π°“√µ‘¥µ“¡‡√◊ËÕßÕ¬Ÿà‰¡à
πâÕ¬ ‡æ√“–·∑π®–„ÀâºÕŸâ “à π§≈âÕ¬µ“¡
‰ª°—∫‡π◊ÕÈ ‡√◊ÕË ß®π‡™◊ÕË «à“‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å
∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®√‘ß ºŸâ·µàß®–· ¥ß„Àâ√Ÿâ«à“
‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß·µàߢ÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿàµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“. ·µà
§ÿ ≥ §à “ ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â √— ∫ ®“°°“√Õà “ π‡√◊Ë Õ ß
ª√–‡¿∑π’È πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“°§«“¡·ª≈°
„À¡à¢Õß°≈«‘∏’°“√‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß·≈â« °“√
‡≈à “ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß´â Õ π°— π √–À«à “ ßµ— « ‡√◊Ë Õ ß°— ∫
°√–∫«π°“√ √â “ ß √√§å ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß‡™à π π’È
°√–µÿâ π „Àâ ºŸâ Õà “ πµ√–Àπ— ° ∂÷ ß §«“¡
 —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß‚≈°¢Õß«√√≥°√√¡
°—∫‚≈°¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ßÕ¬à“ßµ√߉ª
µ√ß¡“, ‚¥¬™’È„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß
«√√≥°√√¡‰¡à „ ™à ° “√· ¥ßÕÕ°´÷Ë ß
§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß ·µà‡ªìπ°“√ ç ◊ËÕ§«“¡
À¡“¬é ∂÷ߧ«“¡®√‘ß. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ºŸâ‡¢’¬π
®÷ß √â“ß ç√–¬–Àà“ßé √–À«à“ß«√√≥-
°√√¡°—∫ºŸâÕà“π ∑”„À⺟âÕà“π‡ÀÁπ«‘∏’
ª√–°Õ∫ √â“ß«√√≥°√√¡ µ≈Õ¥®π
 —≠π‘¬¡∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â„πß“π«√√≥°√√¡
·∫∫µà“ßÊ. πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß “¡“√∂
°≈à“«‰¥âÕ’°Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß«à“ ≈—°…≥–¢Õß
‡¡µ“øî°™—π· ¥ß·π«§‘¥¢Õ߬ÿ§À≈—ß
 ¡—¬„À¡à ∑’Ë«‘æ“°…å·π«§‘¥§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ
¥—È߇¥‘¡µ—Èß·µà ¡—¬°√’°∑’Ë«à“«√√≥°√√¡
≈Õ°‡≈’¬π§«“¡®√‘ß (mimesis) ·≈–
«‘æ“°…å·π«§‘¥¢Õß«√√≥°√√¡ —®π‘¬¡
´÷Ëßπ‘¬¡°—π¡“µ—Èß·µà»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘ ∑’Ë
‡™◊Ë Õ ¡—Ë π «à “ «√√≥°√√¡‡ªì π ª√–¥ÿ ®
ç°√–®°‡ß“é  –∑âÕ𧫓¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß
¢Õß™’«µ‘ ·≈– —ߧ¡.
‡¡µ“ø—π„πß“π‡√◊ËÕß —Èπ¢Õ߉∑¬ ¡—¬„À¡à
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß Ú. Õ—≠™—π. ºŸâ·≈‡ÀÁπ≈¡. æ√–π§√:  ”π—° æ√–π§√:  “¡—≠™π; ÚıÛ¯.

Ò. Holman CH, Harmon W. A handbook æ‘¡æå¿Ÿº“; ÚıÛ˘. Ù. ª√“∫¥“ À¬ÿàπ. §«“¡πà“®–‡ªìπ. æ√–π§√ :
to literature. 5th ed. New York: Û. ‡¥◊ Õ π«“¥ æ‘ ¡ «π“. Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ‡≈à ¡  Õß.  ”π—°æ‘¡æå ÿ¥ —ª¥“Àå, ÚıÙÛ.
Macmillan Publishing Co; 1986.

Abstract Metafiction in Modern Thai Short Stories

Ruenruthai Sujjapun
Associate Member, the Academy of Arts, the Royal Institute, Thailand
The term “metafiction” refers to a fictional story which reveals the process of creativity or is
self-conscious and introspective nature. Metafiction alerts the readers to acknowledge the role and
nature of the fiction, i.e. it is not reflecting the real truth but conducting the meaning of the truth.
Metafiction has been used in many western fictional works in postmodernism period; it has been
found in some Thai short stories as well. Three examples are the “Sin Nai Nam Fon” (Treasure in
the Rain) written by Unchan, a S.E.A. Write Award winning writer, the “Kala Haeng Karn Gnan”
(Time of Work) written by Duenwad Pimwana and the “Hedkarn Kham Sum Lao” (Repeated Sto-
ries) written by Prapda Yun.
Key words : metafiction, postmodern Thai short stories

¡’ºŸâ‡ πÕ»—æ∑å∫—≠≠—µ‘¢Õß Metafiction «à“ ‡√◊ËÕ߇∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—߇√◊ËÕß

ºà“π𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

√◊πË ƒ∑—¬  —®®æ—π∏åÿ

¯Ù˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002 ∫∑∑∫∑«π

摇»…
 “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡°—∫ π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å
¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
°“√√—°…“‚√§ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

°“√„™â “√‡§¡’™«’ ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈π‘ ¡— „π°“√√—°…“ºŸªâ «É ¬‡ªì𧫓¡°â“«Àπâ“∑“ßÕ“¬ÿ√°√√¡„π™à«ß‡«≈“ Ú ªï∑ºË’ “à π‰ª.

°“√„™â “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡‡æ◊ËÕ∫”∫—¥‚√§‡√‘Ë¡µâπºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬·√°¢Õß‚≈°‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚıÚ ‚¥¬„™â√—°…“‚√§µ“‡À≈à.
µàÕ¡“‰¥â¡’°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢âÕ∫àß™’È„π°“√„™â “√π’È√—°…“‚√§∑“ß√–∫∫Õ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ ¿“«–µ“°√–æ√‘∫∂’ËÀ√◊Õ§â“ß, ‚√§„∫Àπâ“
°√–µÿ°§√÷Ëß´’°, ‚√§§Õ‡Õ’¬ßÀ√◊Õ§Õ∫‘¥‡°√Áß, ‚√§µ–§√‘«¡◊Õπ—°‡¢’¬π ·≈–¿“«–∑’Ë¡’°“√À¥‡°√ÁߢÕß°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ ∑’ˇ°‘¥
®“° “‡Àµÿµà“ßÊ. ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È¡’∫àß™’È¢Õß°“√„™â “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡„π°“√√—°…“‚√§¡“°°«à“ ı ¢âÕ ´÷Ëß√«¡∑—Èß
‚√§√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°“√À¥‡°√ÁߢÕßÀŸ√Ÿ¥µà“ßÊ, ‚√§∑“ß‚ µ »Õ π“ ‘° ·≈–≈“√‘ß´å §◊Õ°“√查≈”∫“°™π‘¥
‡°√Áß, ·≈–¿“«–ª«¥°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕµà“ßÊ, µ≈Õ¥∂÷ß°“√„™â„π¥â“𧫓¡ «¬ß“¡ ‡™àπ °“√≈∫√Õ¬¬àπ∑’ËÀπ⓺“° ·≈–√Õ¬
µ’π°“„πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‰¥â¥â«¬.  “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡π’ÈÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï∑’˵”·Àπàß√Õ¬µàÕ√–À«à“ߪ≈“¬ª√– “∑°—∫°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ
‚¥¬‰ª¬—∫¬—Èß°“√À≈—Ëß “√·Õ‡»µ‘¬å≈‚¶≈’π∑’˵”·Àπàß presynaptic ∑”„Àâ°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ à«ππ—Èπ∑”ß“π‰¡à‰¥âÀ√◊Õ
≈¥°“√∑”ß“π≈ß. ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈¢Õß “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡π’È®–§ßƒ∑∏‘ÏÕ¬Ÿà‰¥âπ“π√“« Ù ‡¥◊Õπ.  “¢“«‘™“ª√– “∑
«‘∑¬“ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√廑√‘√“™æ¬“∫“≈ ‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬§âπ§«â“‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√„™â “√‡§¡’
™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡„π°“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∑“ß√–∫∫ª√– “∑¡“µ—Èß·µàªï æ.». ÚıÛÚ ‚¥¬∑”°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬√à«¡°—∫
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·§≈‘øÕ√å‡π’¬ °àÕπ∑’ËÕߧ尓√Õ“À“√·≈–¬“·Ààߪ√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“®–Õπÿ≠“µ„À⮥∑–‡∫’¬π¬“·≈–
„™â„πª√–‡∑»„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“. ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â¡’º≈ß“π«‘®—¬‡√◊ËÕßπ’ÈÀ≈“¬‡√◊ËÕß·≈–‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡·√°„π‚≈°∑’Ëæ‘ Ÿ®π剥â«à“°“√
„™â “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡π’ȉ¥âº≈¥’„πºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§„∫Àπâ“°√–µÿ°§√÷Ëß´’°. ª√– ∫°“√≥å„π°“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬¥â«¬ “√
‡§¡’™π‘¥π’È  “¢“«‘™“ª√– “∑«‘∑¬“ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√廑√‘√“™æ¬“∫“≈ ‰¥â„Àâ°“√∫”∫—¥√—°…“
ºŸâªÉ«¬‰ª·≈â« Ú, √“¬‡»…, ´÷Ëßπ—∫«à“¡“°‡ªìπÕ—π¥—∫ Ú ¢Õß‚≈°√Õß®“°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬π‘«¬Õ√å°.
°“√„™â “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡„π°“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬π’ȇªì𧫓¡°â“«Àπâ“„À¡à ÿ¥∑“ߥâ“πª√– “∑«‘∑¬“„π°“√
∫”∫—¥√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¡’°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«º‘¥ª√°µ‘.
§” ”§—≠ :  “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡, ‚√§‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘ ¡

 “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡°—∫°“√√—°…“‚√§
¯Ù¯

∑ƒ…Æ’ ° “√„™â æ‘ … ·°â æ‘ … ‡æ◊Ë Õ
√—°…“‚√§π—Èπ¡’¡“π“ππ—∫æ—πªïµ—Èß·µà
Õ¥’ µ ®π∂÷ ß ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π . ∑—È ß ·æ∑¬å · ºπ
‚∫√“≥·≈–·ºπªí®®ÿ∫—πµà“ß°Á§ÿâπ‡§¬
°—∫«‘∏’°“√√—°…“π’È ‡™àπ °“√©’¥«—§´’π
摅ߟ∑∑Ë’ ”¡“®“°‡´√ÿ¡à 摅ߟ, °“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωï
‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π‚√§Ω肋…, °“√„™â¬“ªØ‘-
™’«π–‡æπ‘»‘≈≈‘π (´÷Ëß °—¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ√“)
‡æ◊Ë Õ „™â √— ° …“‚√§µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ ·∫§∑’ ‡ √’ ¬
™π‘¥µà“ßÊ. °“√„™â«—§´’πªÑÕß°—π‚√§
æ‘… ÿπ—¢∫â“ ·≈–«—§´’πªÑÕß°—π‚√§µ‘¥
‡™◊ÈÕ‡Õ™‰Õ«’ µà“ß°ÁÕ“»—¬«‘∏’°“√„™âæ‘…
·°âæ‘…∑—Èß ‘Èπ. Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ „πÕ¥’µ
¡’ «‘ ∏’ ° “√√— ° …“‚√§‚¥¬Õ“»— ¬ ∑ƒ…Æ’
æ‘…·°âæ‘…·∫∫π’È ·µà‡°‘¥º≈√⓬µ“¡
¡“®÷߇≈‘°„™â„π‡«™ªØ‘∫—µ‘°—π·≈â« Õ“∑‘
°“√„™â “√ÀπŸº ¡„πµ—«¬“‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“
‚√§, °“√©’¥ “√ª√Õ∑ À√◊Õ°“√©’¥
‡™◊È Õ ¡“≈“‡√’ ¬ ‡¢â “ √à “ ß°“¬‡æ◊Ë Õ ∑”„Àâ
‡°‘ ¥ ‰¢â „ π°“√√— ° …“‚√§ ’ ¬å øî ≈‘   π‘   ∂“π °Á ¡’ § «“¡°≈— « °— π «à “ ®–¡’
‡ªìπµâπ.
≈à“ ÿ¥„π∑“ߥâ“πª√– “∑«‘∑¬“
‰¥â¡’°“√π” “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡
´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π  “√æ‘ …  √â “ ß®“°·∫§∑’ ‡ √’ ¬
Clostridium botulinum µ—«°àÕ‚√§
‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘   ¡¡“„™â √— ° …“‚√§∑“ß√–∫∫
ª√– “∑°—πÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß ·≈–‡ªìπ
§«“¡°â“«Àπâ“∑’√Ë ¥ÿ Àπâ“∑’ Ë ¥ÿ „π™à«ß Ò
ªï∑’˺à“π‰ª. ¢âÕ∫àß™’È„π°“√„™â “√‡§¡’
™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡„π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å¡’
¡“°¡“¬. ‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬™π‘¥π’ȇªìπ∑’Ë
√Ÿ®â °— °—π¡“µ—ßÈ ·µà√“«»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò¯ ‚¥¬
æ∫«à “ ‡ªì π  “‡Àµÿ  ”§— ≠ ∑”„Àâ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬
∂÷ ß °— ∫ ‡ ’ ¬ ™’ «‘ µ ‰¥â À ≈— ß ®“°‰¥â √— ∫  “√
æ‘…∑’Ë √â“ß®“°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ‚¥¬∑”„Àâ
°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ≈“¬∑—Ë«√à“ß°“¬À¬ÿ¥∑”ß“π,
π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å
ºŸâªÉ«¬À“¬„®‰¡à‰¥â, ‡ªìπÕ—¡æ“µ·¢π
¢“ ·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ„π∑’Ë ÿ¥ ®÷߇ªìπ‚√§∑’Ë
ª√–™“™πÀ«“¥°≈—«°—π¡“°.
»“ µ√“®“√¬å Edward J
Schantz ∑’Ë¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ «‘ §Õπ´‘π
‡ªìπ§π·√°∑’·Ë ¬° “√æ‘…‚∫∑Ÿ≈π‘ ¡— ™π‘¥
‡Õ ‰¥â ·≈–∑”„Àâ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘χªìπº≈ ”‡√Á®
„π æ.». ÚÙ¯˜. °àÕπÀπâ“π’È π“¬
·æ∑¬å Herman Sommer ·Ààß ∂“∫—π
Hooper Foundation ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
·§≈‘øÕ√å‡π’¬ ‰¥â欓¬“¡·¬° “√æ‘…
™π‘¥π’È„π™à«ß∑’Ë¡’°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß‚√§
‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘   ¡∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ®“°Õ“À“√„π æ.».
ÚÙˆÛ ·µà ‰ ¡à ª √– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á ® .
„π∑“ߥ⠓ π°“√ ß§√“¡¡’ § ππ” “√
æ‘ … ™π‘ ¥ π’È ¡ “∑”‡ªì π Õ“«ÿ ∏ ‡§¡’ „ ™â „ π
 ß§√“¡‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú ´÷Ëß°àÕ„À⇰‘¥
§«“¡À«“¥°≈—«°—π¡“° ·≈–≈à“ ÿ¥„π
 ß§√“¡µ–«—πÕÕ°°≈“ß·≈–Õ—ø°“-
°“√π”‡Õ“ “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘ π— ¡
¡“„™â‡ªìπÕ“«ÿ∏ ß§√“¡ ·µà¬—߉¡à¡’¢âÕ
æ‘ Ÿ®πå·πà™—¥. Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ∑À“√
Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑’ˉª√∫„π ß§√“¡µà“ß°Á‰¥â√—∫
°“√ªÑÕß°—πµ—«Õ¬à“ߥ’„π°“√∑’ËÕ“®‰¥â
 —¡º—  “√π’È.
‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫°—π«à“„π™à«ß‡«≈“
Ú ªï∑’˺à“π¡“π’È ‰¡à¡’‚√§„¥„π∑“ß
ª√– “∑«‘∑¬“∑’Ë¡’§«“¡°â“«Àπâ“∑—Èß„π
¥â“π欓∏‘°”‡π‘¥·≈–«‘∏’°“√√—°…“¥’
‡∑à“°—∫‚√§æ“√姑π —π. ·µà„π™à«ß
Ò ªï∑’˺à“π‰ª §«“¡°â“«Àπâ“„π°“√
∫”∫—¥√—°…“‚√§∑“ߪ√– “∑«‘∑¬“∑’Ë
√ÿ¥Àπâ“∑’ Ë ¥ÿ §◊Õ °“√„™â “√‡§¡’™«’ ¿“æ
‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡„π°“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§√–∫∫
ª√– “∑∑’Ë¡’°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«º‘¥ª√°µ‘
¯Ù˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
™π‘¥ ¥‘¬å ‚∑‡π’¬ ·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ. ·π«§‘¥
„π°“√π” “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘ π— ¡
¡“„™â „ π°“√√— ° …“ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬‚√§√–∫∫
ª√– “∑π—È π ‡√‘Ë ¡ ‡¡◊Ë Õ æ.». ÚıÒÛ
‚¥¬∑”°“√»÷°…“„π —µ«å∑¥≈Õß §◊Õ
≈‘ß°àÕπ ·≈–‰¥â√“¬ß“πµ’æ‘¡æ凪ìπ§√—Èß
·√°„π æ.». ÚıÒˆ.  ”À√—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬
√“¬·√°¢Õß‚≈°∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√√—°…“‚¥¬
°“√©’ ¥  “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘ π— ¡ ¡’
√“¬ß“π§√—ßÈ ·√°‡¡◊ÕË æ.». ÚıÚ ‚¥¬
𓬷æ∑¬å Allan B. Scott ®“°
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬´“πø√“π´‘ ‚° ·§≈‘-
øÕ√å ‡ π’ ¬ ´÷Ë ß ‰¥â ∑”°“√©’ ¥  “√‡§¡’
™’«¿“æπ’È„Àâ°—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬µ“‡À≈à. „πªï
∂— ¥ ¡“‡¢“‰¥â „ ™â ¬ “π’È ©’ ¥ „πºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë ¡’
Õ“°“√µ“‡À≈àÕ’° ÒÚ √“¬Ò. µàÕ¡“®÷ß
¡’°“√„™â “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æπ’ÈÕ¬à“ß°«â“ß
¢«“ß ‚¥¬π”‰ª„™â„π°“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬
∑’Ë¡’¿“«–µ“°√–æ√‘∫∂’ËÀ√◊Õ§â“ß, ‚√§
„∫Àπâ“°√–µÿ°§√÷Ëß´’°, ¿“«–§Õ‡Õ’¬ß
À√◊Õ§Õ∫‘¥‡°√Áß. Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ „π
√–¬–·√°π—È π æ∫«à “ °“√„™â   “√‡§¡’
™’«¿“æπ’È√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§µà“ßÊ §àÕπ
¢â“ß®”°—¥§◊Õ¡’ Òı ¢âÕ∫àß™’ȇ∑à“π—Èπ.
„π™à«ßµâπÊ (æ.». ÚıÛÛ) ∑’ËÕߧ尓√
Õ“À“√·≈–¬“¢Õߪ√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
‡√‘Ë¡ π„®·≈–¢÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬π√—∫√Õß°“√
„™â “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æπ’È ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√√—°…“
ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§√–∫∫ª√– “∑ ‰¥â®”°—¥¢âÕ
∫àß™’È„π°“√„™â “√π’ȇ©æ“– ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§
„∫Àπâ“°√–µÿ°§√÷Ëß´’°, µ“°√–æ√‘∫
§â“ß, §Õ‡Õ’¬ß, µ“‡À≈à ·≈–°“√查º‘¥
ª√°µ‘‡∑à“π—ÈπÚ,Û. ªí®®ÿ∫—π¿“¬„π™à«ß
√–¬–‡«≈“‡æ’¬ß Ò ªï‡»… À≈—ß®“°
°“√π” “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æπ’È ¡ “„™â °— π
Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß ‰¥â∑”„Àâ¡’¢âÕ∫àß™’È
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
¢Õß°“√„™â “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æπ’È„πºŸâªÉ«¬
µà“ßÊ ¡“°°«à“ ı ¢âÕ∫àß™’È¥—ß· ¥ß
„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò. ¢âÕ∫àß™’ȇÀ≈à“π’È¡’¡“°
¡“¬ ·µàÕ“®®”·π°ºŸâªÉ«¬ÕÕ°‡ªìπ
°≈ÿà¡„À≠àÊ ‰¥â¥—ßπ’È
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ò ‡ªìπ°≈ÿࡺŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’
°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«™π‘¥¥‘¬å ‚∑‡π’¬ ∑—Èß∑’Ë
‡ªìπ‡©æ“–∑’·Ë ≈–∑—«Ë √à“ß°“¬Ù.
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ú ‡ªìπ°≈ÿࡺŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’
°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À« À√◊Õ¡’°“√°√–µÿ°¢Õß
°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ¡“°º‘¥ª√°µ‘ ‡™àπ „πºŸâªÉ«¬
„∫Àπâ “ °√–µÿ ° §√÷Ë ß ´’ ° , ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬‚√§
 —Ëπı-˜.
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Û ‡ªìπ°≈ÿࡺŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’
°≈â“¡‡π◊ÕÈ À¥‡°√Á߯,˘ ‰¥â·°à ¿“«–°≈â“¡
‡π◊ÈÕÀ¥‡°√Áß∑’ˇ°‘¥¿“¬À≈—ß‚√§À≈Õ¥
‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß, ¿“«–À¥‡°√Áß∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°
Õÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿ∑“ß ¡Õß, ‚√§‰¢ —πÀ≈—ß
æ‘ ° “√®“°‡Àµÿ µà “ ßÊ, ¿“«–·¢π¢“
‡°√Á߇π◊ËÕß®“°§«“¡æ‘°“√·µà°”‡π‘¥
‡ªìπµâπ. πÕ°®“°π’È „πºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡
‚√§‡Àµÿ√–∫∫ª√– “∑ à«π°≈“߇ ◊ËÕ¡
(neurodegenerative disease) ´÷Ëß
„π√–¬–∑⓬¡—°®–¡’º≈À≈߇À≈◊Õµ“¡
¡“„π√–¬–¬“« §◊Õ‡°‘¥Õ“°“√°≈â“¡
‡π◊ÈÕÀ¥‡°√Áß∑—Èßµ—«. ¥—ßπ—Èπ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â
«à “ ¢â Õ ∫à ß ™’È „ π°“√„™â   “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æ
‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡„π°≈ÿà¡π’È®÷ß¡’∑’Ë„™â·≈–¢¬“¬
«ß‰ªÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß.
°≈ÿ¡à ∑’Ë Ù §◊ÕºŸªâ «É ¬∑’¡Ë Õ’ “°“√
‡®Á∫ª«¥ À√◊Õª«¥„π°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ·≈–
‡ÕÁπµà“ßÊ ‡™àπ „π°√≥’¢Õß muscu-
loskeletal pain ‰¥â·°à ¿“«–ª«¥
°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡Àµÿµà“ßÊ ‡™àπ
¿“«–À¡Õπ√Õß°√–¥Ÿ ° ‡ ◊Ë Õ ¡·≈–
∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ Õ“°“√ª«¥°≈â “ ¡‡π◊È Õ „π
∫√‘‡«≥µà“ßÊ ¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
∑’Ë∫√‘‡«≥§Õ·≈–‡Õ« ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¿“«–∑’Ë
æ∫‰¥â∫àÕ¬„π∑“߇«™ªØ‘∫—µ‘. Õπ÷Ëß „π
°√≥’∑ºË’ ªâŸ «É ¬‡ªìπ‚√§À¡Õπ√Õß°√–¥Ÿ°
‡§≈◊ËÕπ ∑’Ë¡’¢âÕÀâ“¡„π°“√ºà“µ—¥À√◊Õ
ªØ‘‡ ∏°“√ºà“µ—¥ ·µàºŸâªÉ«¬¡’Õ“°“√
∑ÿ ° ¢å ∑ √¡“π¡“°‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°¡’ Õ “°“√
ª«¥°≈â “ ¡‡π◊È Õ ∫√‘ ‡ «≥À≈— ß À√◊ Õ §Õ
Õ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß °“√©’¥ “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ
‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡π’È°Á®–‡ªìπ∑“߇≈◊Õ°¢Õß°“√
√—°…“∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–‰¥âº≈¥’«‘∏’
Àπ÷Ëß, ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß„π°√≥’∑’Ë
ºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π—ÈπÊ ‰¡à “¡“√∂°‘𬓷°â
ª«¥‰¥â ‡ π◊Ë Õ ß®“°¡’ Õ “°“√ª«¥∑â Õ ß
À√◊ Õ ‡ªì π ‚√§·º≈‡ªóò Õ ¬„π°√–‡æ“–
Õ“À“√ ‡ªìπµâπ.
πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’°“√π” “√‡§¡’
™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡¡“„™â„π°“√√—°…“ºŸâ
ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë ¡’ Õ “°“√ª«¥»’ √ …–‡√◊È Õ √— ß ®“°
°“√À¥‡°√Á ß ¢Õß°≈â “ ¡‡π◊È Õ ∫√‘ ‡ «≥
¢¡—∫·≈–∑⓬∑Õ¬ (tension head-
ache) ´÷Ëß “√π’ș૬≈¥°“√À¥‡°√Áß
¢Õß°≈â “ ¡‡π◊È Õ ·≈–∑”„Àâ À “¬ª«¥
»’√…–‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’. Õπ÷Ëß „πªí®®ÿ∫—π
¡’°“√π” “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡¡“
©’ ¥ ‡æ◊Ë Õ ªÑ Õ ß°— π °“√ª«¥»’ √ …–®“°
‰¡‡°√π‰¥â¥â«¬.  ”À√—∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈
¢Õß°“√√— ° …“¥â « ¬ “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æ
‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡π’È‚¥¬ª√°µ‘®–§ßƒ∑∏‘ÏÕ¬Ÿà‰¥â
π“π√“« Ù ‡¥◊Õπ.
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë ı §◊Õ °“√„™â “√‡§¡’
™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡„πºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∑“߇¥‘π
Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°“√À¥‡°√Áß¡“°¢Õß°≈â“¡
‡π◊ÈÕ„π∫√‘‡«≥ÀŸ√Ÿ¥µà“ßÊÒ ‡™àπ ‚√§
ÀŸ√Ÿ¥∫√‘‡«≥ à«π≈à“ߢÕßÀ≈Õ¥Õ“À“√
À¥‡°√Áß¡“°‡°‘π‰ª (achalasia) ´÷Ëß
¯ı
°“√©’¥ “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡∑“ß
°≈âÕß Õ¥≈߉ª„πÀ≈Õ¥Õ“À“√·≈–
©’ ¥  “√∑’Ë µ”·Àπà ß ÀŸ √Ÿ ¥ π—È π °Á ® –
 “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀŸ√Ÿ¥∫√‘‡«≥
π—È π §≈“¬µ— « ∑”„Àâ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬À“¬®“°
¿“«–º‘¥ª√°µ‘. Õ’°µ”·ÀπàßÀπ÷ËߢÕß
∑“߇¥‘πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’ªí≠À“°Á§◊Õ°“√À¥
‡°√ÁߢÕß°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀŸ√Ÿ¥∑’Ë∫√‘‡«≥∑«“√
Àπ—° ∑”„À⇰‘¥Õ“°“√‡®Á∫ª«¥Õ¬à“ß
¡“°∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ anismus ´÷Ëß„πÕ¥’µ
·æ∑¬å¡—°„Àâ°“√√—°…“‚¥¬°“√ºà“µ—¥,
·µà „ πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π æ∫«à “ ∂â “ „™â   “√‡§¡’
™’ « ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘ π— ¡ ©’ ¥ ‡¢â “ ‰ª∑’Ë ° ≈â “ ¡
‡π◊ÈÕ∫√‘‡«≥ÀŸ√Ÿ¥∑«“√Àπ—°‚¥¬√Õ∫∑—Èß
Ù ∑‘» °Á “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ§≈“¬¿“«–°“√
À¥‡°√ÁߢÕß°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀŸ√Ÿ¥∑«“√Àπ—°
·≈–ºŸªâ «É ¬∂à“¬Õÿ®®“√–‰¥âÕ¬à“ß –¥«°.
πÕ°®“°π’È ¡’ ° “√„™â   “√‡§¡’
™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’·º≈
·≈–√Õ¬·µ°‡√◊È Õ √— ß ∑’Ë ∫ √‘ ‡ «≥∑«“√
Àπ—°´÷Ëß√—°…“‰¡àÀ“¬ √«¡∑—Èß‚√§√‘¥-
 ’¥«ß∑«“√; °“√„™â “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ
‚∫∑Ÿ≈π‘ ¡— ©’¥‡¢â“∫√‘‡«≥√Õ∫∑«“√Àπ—°
®–∑”„Àâ≈¥°“√À¥‡°√ÁߢÕß°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ
ÀŸ√Ÿ¥ ´÷Ëß®–¡’º≈∑”„Àâ¡’‡≈◊Õ¥‰ª‡≈’Ȭß
∫√‘‡«≥ÀŸ√Ÿ¥∑«“√Àπ—°‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ Õ“°“√
‡®Á∫ª«¥®–À“¬‰¥â ·≈–ºŸâªÉ«¬ “¡“√∂
¢— ∫ ∂à “ ¬Õÿ ® ®“√–‰¥â   –¥«°·≈–∑”„Àâ
·º≈√Õ¬·µ°√Õ∫∑«“√Àπ—°À“¬‡√Á«.
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’ß“π«‘®—¬¡“°¡“¬∑’Ë· ¥ß
∂÷ ß ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ º ≈¢Õß°“√„™â   “√‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘
π—¡„π°“√√—°…“ ºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡π’È.
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë ˆ §◊Õ °“√„™â “√‡§¡’
™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡„π«ß°“√»—≈¬°√√¡
µ°·µà ß ‚¥¬°“√©’ ¥  “√™π‘ ¥ π’È ‡ æ◊Ë Õ
≈∫√Õ¬¬àπÀ√◊Õ√Õ¬µ’π°“∫π„πÀπâ“
 “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡°—∫°“√√—°…“‚√§
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ¢âÕ∫àß™’È¢Õß°“√√—°…“‚√§¥â«¬ “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡
‚√§√–∫∫ª√– “∑ ß. Spasticity
°. Dystonia Ò. Lower limb spasticity in cerebral palsy*
Ò. Blepharospasm and Meige syndrome* Ú. Spasticity in myelopathy*
Ú. Spasmodic torticollis* Û. Post-stroke spastic hemiparesis*
Û. Oromandibular dystonia* Ù. Spasticity in multiple sclerosis*
Ù. Craniocervical dystonia* ı. Adductor spasticity*
ı. Spasmodic dysphonia* ˆ. Spastic limb*
ˆ. Task-specific dystonia (occupational cramp) e.g. ˜. Hereditary spastic paraplegia*
writerûs cramp, musician cramp* ®. Miscellaneous
˜. Foot dystonia* Ò. Gustatory sweating
¯. Hemidystonia* Ú. Habitual luxation of the mandible
˘. Generalised dystonia Û. Spasmodic laryngeal dyspnea*
Ò. Drug-induced dystonia Ù. Hand sweating and axillary sweating
ÒÒ. Psychogenic dystonia ‚√§∑“ß®—°…ÿ«‘∑¬“
ÒÚ. Any forms of focal dystonia Ò. Strabismus*
ÒÛ. çOffé painful dystonia in Parkinsonûs disease Ú. Acute and chronic abducens nerve palsy*
ÒÙ. Life-threatening dystonic posturing of the cervical and Û. Congenital nystagmus*
thoracic spines Ù. Nystagmus*
Òı. Jaw opening dystonia* ‚√§∑“ß‚ µ »Õ π“ ‘° ·≈–≈“√‘ß´å«‘∑¬“
Òˆ. Jaw closing dystonia* Ò. Abductor spasmodic dysphonia*
¢. Muscular spasms Ú. Abductor laryngeal dysphonia*
Ò. Hemifacial spasm* Û. Voice tremor*
Ú. Essential tremor* ‚√§√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πÕ“À“√
Û. Tics Ò. Achalasia*
Ù. Myoclonus Ú. Anismus*
ı. Musculoskeletal spasm Û. Anal fissure*
ˆ. Muscle cramp* Ù. Haemorrhoid*
˜. Facial synkinesis and çcrocodile tearé ı. Proctalgia*
¯. Bruxism* ‚√§√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πªí  “«–
˘. Post-paretic hemifacial spasm* Ò. Detrussor-sphincter dyssynergia*
Ò. Head tremor Ú. Neurogenic bladder dysfunction*
ÒÒ. Midbrain tremor Û. Spastic pelvic floor syndrome
ÒÚ. Unusual tremor disorder Ù. Insufficient neobladder emptying
ÒÛ. Palatal myoclonus ‚√§∑“ß Ÿµ‘-π√’‡«™«‘∑¬“
§. Pain Ò. Vaginismus
Ò. Temporo-mandibular joint disorder Ú. Coital pain
Ú. Chronic tension headache »—≈¬°√√¡µ°·µàß
Û. Migraine prophylaxis Ò. Glabellar frown lines*
Ù. Low back pain from muscle spasm Ú. Facial wrinkles*
ı. Cervical pain from muscle spasm Û. Crow-feet*
ˆ. Tennis elbow Ù. Facial asymmetry*
˜. Myofascial pain
*À¡“¬∂÷ß°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¡’À≈—°∞“π∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å™—¥‡®π«à“„™â√—°…“‰¥âº≈¥’ ·≈–‡ªìπ¢âÕ∫àß™’È°“√„™â∑’Ë·πà™—¥

π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å
¯ıÒ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
´÷Ëßæ∫«à“‰¥âº≈¥’¡“° ‡π◊ËÕß®“° “√π’È
¡’ ƒ ∑∏‘Ï ∑”„Àâ ° ≈â “ ¡‡π◊È Õ ∫√‘ ‡ «≥π—È π ΩÉ Õ
·≈–≈’∫‰ª‰¥â ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ß∑”„Àâ√Õ¬¬àπ
µà“ßÊ ∫π„∫Àπâ“π—πÈ ®“ß≈ßÀ√◊ÕÀ“¬‰ª
‰¥â ·≈–∂â“©’¥ “√π’È´È”À≈“¬Ê §√—Èß„π
∫√‘‡«≥µ”·Àπà߇¥‘¡°Á®–∑”„Àâ√Õ¬¬àπ
À“¬‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∂“«√ÒÒ ´÷ßË ‡ªì𧫓¡°â“«
Àπâ “ Õ¬à “ ߬‘Ë ß  ”À√— ∫ °“√„™â   “√‡§¡’
™’«¿“æ„π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å„πªí®®ÿ∫—π.
„πª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“¡’ºŸâ‰¥â√—∫°“√
©’¥ “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡ ‡π◊ËÕß
®“°¢âÕ∫àß™’È¥â“𧫓¡ß“¡∂÷ß√“« Ú
≈â“π§π.
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë ˜ ‡ªìπ°≈ÿࡇ∫Á¥‡µ≈Á¥
‰¥â·°à ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’§«“¡º‘¥ª√°µ‘‡°’ˬ«
°—∫°“√查 ‡™àπ °“√查µ‘¥Õà“ß À√◊Õ
查≈”∫“°∑’‡Ë √’¬°«à“ spasmodic dys-
phonia ·≈–查‡ ’¬ß —πË ÒÚ °“√„™â “√
‡§¡’™’«¿“æ©’¥‡¢â“‰ª∑’Ë “¬‡ ’¬ß°Á®–
∑”„À⺟âªÉ«¬ “¡“√∂°≈—∫¡“查‰¥â„°≈â
‡§’ ¬ ߇À¡◊ Õ π°— ∫ §πª√°µ‘ ·¡â ® –‰¡à
À“¬¢“¥‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ß∂“«√°Á µ “¡. ·µà
ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æπ’È “¡“√∂Õ¬Ÿà
‰¥âπ“π§√—Èß≈– Ú-ˆ ‡¥◊Õπ. ‡ªìπ∑’Ëπà“
 —߇°µ«à“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¬—߉¡à¡’°“√»÷°…“
°“√„™â   “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æ·°â ‰ ¢¿“«–
À¥‡°√Á ß ¢Õß°≈â “ ¡‡π◊È Õ ÀŸ √Ÿ ¥ ¢Õß™à Õ ß
§≈Õ¥ ´÷Ë߇ªì𠓇Àµÿ¢ÕßÕ“°“√‡®Á∫
ª«¥¢≥–√à«¡‡æ» (coital pain ·≈–
vaginismus) ´÷Ëßπà“®–‡ªìπß“π»÷°…“
«‘ ®— ¬ Õ’ ° ¥â “ πÀπ÷Ë ß ´÷Ë ß Õ“®®– “¡“√∂
∫ÿ ° ‡∫‘ ° ‰¥â ‚ ¥¬π√’ · æ∑¬å ‡æ◊Ë Õ ®–‰¥â
ª√–¬ÿ ° µå „ ™â °— ∫ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡∑ÿ ° ¢å
∑√¡“π‡π◊ËÕß®“°¿“«–¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â‡ªìπ
Õ¬à“ߥ’.
°≈«‘∏“π°“√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ò-Û
Ï æ◊È π ∞“π¢Õß “√™π‘ ¥ π’È Õ ¬à “ ß®√‘ ß ®— ß
 “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘ π— ¡ ‡ªì π
 “√ —߇§√“–Àå∑’Ë °—¥ “√æ‘…ÕÕ°¡“
®“°‡™◊ÈÕ§≈Õ µ√‘‡¥’¬¡ ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡ „π
∏√√¡™“µ‘ ´÷Ëß¡’ “√æ‘…∑—ÈßÀ¡¥√«¡ ˜
™π‘¥§◊Õ  “√æ‘… A, B, C, D, E, F
·≈– G.  “√æ‘ … ™π‘ ¥ ∑’Ë π”¡“„™â
Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß„π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å„π
ªí®®ÿ∫—π §◊Õ  “√æ‘… ‡Õ. „πÕ¥’µ‡§¬
‡™◊ËÕ«à“°≈«‘∏“π°“√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß “√
‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡π—Èπ‡°‘¥®“°°“√
¬— ∫ ¬—È ß °“√À≈—Ë ß  “√·Õ‡»µ‘ ¬å ≈ ‚¶≈’ π
®“°ª≈“¬‡ âπª√– “∑ ´÷Ëß®–¡’º≈µàÕ
µ”·Àπà ß ¢Õßµ— « √— ∫ ∑’Ë ° ≈â “ ¡‡π◊È Õ ®÷ ß
∑”„Àâ°≈â“¡‡π◊ÕÈ À¥µ—«À√◊Õ∑”ß“π‰¡à‰¥â.
ªí®®ÿ∫—πæ∫«à“°≈«‘∏“π°“√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï
¢Õß “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡π—Èπ‡°‘¥
®“° “√æ‘ … ‰ª °— ¥ °—È π °“√À≈—Ë ß ·Õ-
‡»µ‘ ¬å ≈ ‚¶≈’ π ®“°ª≈“¬ª√– “∑∑’Ë
µ”·Àπàߪ√’ —¬·π浑§¥—ß°≈à“« (√Ÿª∑’Ë
Ò) ´÷Ëß„πÕ¥’µ°Á¬—߉¡à∑√“∫°≈«‘∏“π∑’Ë
·πà π Õπ. ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π π’È À ≈— ß ®“°∑’Ë ¡’
°“√π” “√‡§¡’™’«¿“扪„™â°—πÕ¬à“ß
°«â “ ߢ«“ß„π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å ®÷ ß ‰¥â ¡’
°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬∑“ߥâ“π«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò
· ¥ß°≈«‘∏“π°“√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï
¢Õß “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡
¯ıÚ
®π “¡“√∂‡¢â“„®·≈–√Ÿâ°≈«‘∏“πµ≈Õ¥
®π‚§√ß √â “ ߇§¡’ · ≈–µ”·Àπà ß °“√
ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï∑’Ë™—¥‡®π ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ “√‡§¡’
™’ « ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘ π— ¡ ·µà ≈ –™π‘ ¥ π—È π ÕÕ°
ƒ∑∏‘Ï„π·µà≈–µ”·Àπàß´÷Ëß·µ°µà“ß°—π
§◊Õ “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ™π‘¥ ‡Õ ·≈– Õ’
π—È π ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï „ πµ”·Àπà ß ∑’Ë ‡ √’ ¬ °«à “
SNAP 25,  à«π “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ™π‘¥
∫’, ¥’, ‡Õø π—ÈπÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï∑’˵”·Àπàß
VAMP (synap-tobrevin) ·≈– “√
‡§¡’™’«¿“æ ´’ ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï∑’˵”·Àπàß
syntaxin (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú).
Õπ÷Ëß °≈«‘∏“π°“√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß
æ‘…·¡ß¡ÿ¡¥” (black spider) ´÷Ëß
‡ªìπ “√æ‘…Õ’°™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëßπ—Èπ æ∫«à“®–
ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï‚¥¬°“√∑”≈“¬∫√‘‡«≥ª≈“¬
‡ âπª√– “∑∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷ß¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï
∑’Ë√ÿπ·√ß¡“° ·µ°µà“ß®“°ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß
 “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡∑’Ë¡’‡æ’¬ß°“√
¬— ∫ ¬—È ß °“√À≈—Ë ß  “√·Õ‡»µ‘ ¬å ≈ ‚¶≈’ π
‡∑à“π—Èπ ‚¥¬‰¡à¡’º≈∑”≈“¬µàÕª≈“¬
‡ âπª√– “∑·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥. ¥—ßπ—Èπ ƒ∑∏‘Ï
¢Õß “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡®÷߉¡à¡’
º≈√⓬‡À¡◊Õπæ‘…·¡ß¡ÿ¡¥”. ‚¥¬
 “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡°—∫°“√√—°…“‚√§

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú
· ¥ßµ”·Àπàß°“√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘¢Ï Õß “√‡§¡’™«’ ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈π‘ ¡—
™π‘¥µà“ßÊ
 √ÿª°≈«‘∏“π„π°“√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß “√
‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡‡ªìπ·∫∫ che-
mical denervation ‚¥¬∑”„À⇠âπ
ª√– “∑ à « πª≈“¬‰¡à   “¡“√∂À≈—Ë ß
 “√·Õ‡»µ‘ ¬å ≈ ‚¶≈’ π ÕÕ°¡“°√–µÿâ π
°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ„Àâ∑”ß“π‰¥â™—Ë«§√“« ´÷Ëß
ƒ∑∏‘Ï ¢ Õß “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æ∑“߇¿ — ™
«‘∑¬“π—Èπ®–§ßÕ¬Ÿà‰¥âª√–¡“≥ Ò ‡¥◊Õπ
‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µàª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈∑“߇«™°√√¡
¢Õß “√π’È   “¡“√∂§ßÕ¬Ÿà ‰ ¥â ¬ “«°«à “
ƒ∑∏‘∑Ï “߇¿ —™ Ú-ˆ ‡∑à“ §◊Õ√–¬–‡«≈“
¢Õߪ√– ‘∑∏‘º≈¢Õß°“√√—°…“¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï
Õ¬Ÿà‰¥âµ—Èß·µà Ú-ˆ ‡¥◊ÕπÀ√◊Õπ“π°«à“.
ºŸâªÉ«¬ à«π„À≠àæ∫«à“À≈—ß°“√©’¥ “√
‡§¡’™«’ ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈π‘ ¡— ®– “¡“√∂ª≈Õ¥
Õ“°“√Õ¬Ÿà‰¥â Ù-ˆ ‡¥◊Õπ. Õ¬à“߉√
°Áµ“¡ „πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’°“√©’¥ “√‡§¡’
™’ « ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘ π— ¡ „π¢π“¥ª√‘ ¡ “≥
¡“°Ê ·≈–‡ªì 𠇫≈“π“πÊ Õ“®‡°‘ ¥
¿“«–¿Ÿ¡‘µâ“π‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â ´÷Ëß®–∑”„Àâ
π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å
°“√©’¥ “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡§√—Èß
µà Õ Ê‰ª‰¡à ‰ ¥â º ≈¥’ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°‡°‘ ¥
¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—πµâ“πƒ∑∏‘Ϭ“. ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È
ªí®®ÿ∫π— ®÷ß¡’°“√§‘¥§âπ “√‡§¡’™«’ ¿“æ
™π‘¥Õ◊πË ∑’πË Õ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“° “√æ‘… ‡Õ ‡™àπ
 “√æ‘… ∫’ ·≈– ‡Õø ´÷Ëߢ≥–π’È°”≈—ß
∑”°“√»÷°…“«‘®¬— °—πÕ¬Ÿ„à πµà“ߪ√–‡∑».
 ”À√—∫°≈ÿࡺŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇ°‘¥¡’¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—π„π
‡≈◊ Õ ¥π—È π  à « π„À≠à ¡— ° ®–‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π „πºŸâ
ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë ‰ ¥â √— ∫ °“√©’ ¥  “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æ
‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡„π¢π“¥ Ÿß¡“°°«à“ Ú
Àπ૬π“π“™“µ‘ (IU) À√◊Õ©’¥∫àÕ¬Ê
‡™àπ ∑ÿ° Ò ‡¥◊Õπ. Õπ÷Ëß ¢π“¥∑’ËÕ“®
°à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ Õ— π µ√“¬µà Õ ™’ «‘ µ „π¡πÿ … ¬å
π—Èπ®–µâÕ߉¥â√—∫ “√π’È„π¢π“¥ Ÿß‡°‘π
°«à“ ı, Àπ૬ ·µà„π∑“߇«™-
ªØ‘∫—µ‘„™â‡æ’¬ß¢π“¥πâÕ¬Ê ‡∑à“π—Èπ
§◊Õµ—Èß·µà Ú.ı Àπ૬ ∂÷ß¢π“¥‰¡à‡°‘π
Û Àπ૬. ª√– ∫°“√≥å„π°“√
√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬§π‰∑¬ à«π„À≠à®–„™â “√
‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘ π— ¡ „π¢π“¥µ—È ß ·µà
Ú.ı Àπ૬ „π°√≥’ºŸâªÉ«¬ ∑’Ë¡’°“√查
º‘¥ª√°µ‘, ·µà ”À√—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’°“√
‡°√Áß∑—Èßµ—« ‡™àπ „πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’°“√À¥
‡°√Á ß ¢Õß°≈â “ ¡‡π◊È Õ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°‚√§
À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß À√◊Õ‚√§Õ—¡æ“µ ´÷Ëß
®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß„™â   “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ -
≈‘π—¡ Ÿß∂÷ß Ò Àπ૬µàÕ§√—Èß.
°“√„™â “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æπ’È ºŸâ‡¢’¬π
‰¥âπ”¡“„™â„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπ§√—ßÈ ·√°
‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ¡°√“§¡ æ.». ÚıÛÚ À≈—ß
®“°‰¥â√—∫∑ÿπ®“°§≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å
»‘√‘√“™æ¬“∫“≈ ‰ª»÷°…“·≈–¥Ÿß“π
‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√„™â “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æπ’È°—∫
𓬷æ∑¬å Allan B. Scott ºŸâ√‘‡√‘Ë¡
„™â “√π’‡È ªìπ§√—ßÈ ·√°∑’πË §√´“πø√“π-
¯ıÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
´‘ ‚° ª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ·≈–¬—ß
‰¥â ‰ ª»÷ ° …“√à « ¡°— ∫ ¥Ÿ ß “πµà Õ ∑’Ë »Ÿ π ¬å
° “ √ ‡ § ≈◊Ë Õ π ‰ À « º‘ ¥ ª √ ° µ‘ ∑’Ë π § √
·«π§Ÿ‡«Õ√å ª√–‡∑»·§π“¥“ Õ’° Ò
‡¥◊Õπ. µàÕ¡“ºŸâ‡¢’¬π‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“
«‘®¬— √à«¡°—∫𓬷æ∑¬å Allan B. Scott
‚¥¬∑à “ π‰¥â  à ß  “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æπ’È ¡ “
„Àâ„™â„π°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬„πºŸâªÉ«¬‰∑¬.
º≈ß“π‡√◊ËÕß°“√„™â “√π’È„π°“√√—°…“
ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§„∫Àπâ“°√–µÿ°§√÷Ëß´’°™“«
‰∑¬π’ȉ¥â„™â‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ˉ¥â√“¬ß“π àß
°≈—∫‰ª„Àâ°—∫Õߧ尓√Õ“À“√·≈–¬“
„πª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ‡æ◊ËÕ¢Õ¢÷Èπ
∑–‡∫’ ¬ π°“√„™â   “√‡§¡’ ™’ « ¿“æπ’È „ π
ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬‚√§∑“ß√–∫∫ª√– “∑µà “ ßÊ
®÷߉¥â¡’º≈„Àâ„πª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
‰¥â√—∫°“√¢÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬π°“√„™â “√‡§¡’
™’«¿“æπ’È„πª≈“¬‡¥◊Õπ∏—𫓧¡ æ.».
ÚıÛÚ π—Èπ‡Õß. „π™à«ß√–¬–‡«≈“ ÒÚ
ªï‡»… ∑’˺Ÿâ‡¢’¬π‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬
‡√◊ËÕßπ’È ¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’ˉ¥â¡“√—∫°“√
©’¥ “√π’È®π∂÷ߢ≥–π’È®”π«π Ú,Û˘
√“¬ ·≈–ºŸâ‡¢’¬π‰¥â¡’º≈ß“πµ’æ‘¡æå
·≈–𔇠πÕ„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡‡ πÕº≈ß“π
«‘®—¬∑“ߥâ“π “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡
·≈â« ÚÛ ‡√◊ËÕßÒÛ-Ûı.
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π∑’¡ß“π®“°ª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬¡’ ª √– ∫°“√≥å „ π°“√„™â   “√
™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡¡“°‡ªìπÕ—π¥—∫∑’Ë Ú
¢Õß‚≈° √Õß®“° ∂“∫— π ª√– “∑
«‘∑¬“∑’Ëπ§√𑫬Õ√å°.  ”À√—∫°“√©’¥
 “√π’È√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«
º‘ ¥ ª√°µ‘ „ π√Ÿ ª ·∫∫µà “ ßÊ π—Èπ §≥–
·æ∑¬»“ µ√廑√‘√“™æ¬“∫“≈¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬
∑’Ë ‰ ¥â √— ∫ °“√©’ ¥  “√π’È ‡ æ◊Ë Õ √— ° …“‚√§
„∫Àπâ“°√–µÿ°§√÷Ëß´’°¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥„π‚≈°
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
(¡’ºªŸâ «É ¬∑—ßÈ  ‘πÈ ∑’‰Ë ¥â¡“√—∫°“√√—°…“¡“°
°«à“ Ò,Ú √“¬) ‰¥â∑”ß“π«‘®—¬„π
¥â“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√æ‘ Ÿ®πåª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
¢Õß “√π’È ‚ ¥¬∑”°“√»÷ ° …“™π‘ ¥
Õ”æ√“ß Ú ΩÉ“¬ ·≈–‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√–-
 ‘∑∏‘º≈¢Õß°“√„™â “√™’«¿“æ ·≈–
°“√©’ ¥ πÈ” ‡°≈◊ Õ „π°“√√— ° …“ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬
„∫Àπâ“°√–µÿ°§√÷Ëß´’°ÒÛ.  ”À√—∫√Ÿª
·∫∫À√◊ Õ µ”·Àπà ß °“√©’ ¥  “√‡§¡’
™’ « ¿“æ„πºŸâ ªÉ « ¬‚√§„∫Àπâ “ °√–µÿ °
§√÷Ëß´’°π—Èπ ºŸâ‡¢’¬π‰¥âæ—≤π“·≈– √â“ß
√Ÿª·∫∫‡©æ“–¢÷πÈ ¡“„À¡à ´÷ßË „™â‰¥âº≈¥’
·≈–‰¥â µ—È ß ™◊Ë Õ «à “ ·∫∫©∫— ∫ »‘ √‘ √ “™
(Siriraj pattern) (√Ÿª∑’Ë Û, Ù) ´÷Ëß·µà
‡¥‘¡·æ∑¬å à«π„À≠à‡§¬„™â«‘∏’°“√©’¥
„πµ”·Àπà ß ·≈–¢π“¥µ“¡·∫∫„π
√Ÿª∑’Ë Û
µ”·Àπàß·≈–¢π“¥¢Õß°“√©’¥ “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘-
π—¡„πºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§„∫Àπâ“°√–µÿ°§√÷Ëß´’° ∑’˺Ÿâ‡¢’¬π§âπ
§‘¥¢÷Èπ¡“‡ªìπ¡“µ√∞“π„π°“√√—°…“ ·≈–‰¥âµ—Èß™◊ËÕ
‡√’¬°«à“ ç·∫∫©∫—∫¢Õß»‘√‘√“™é
 ∂“∫—πµà“ߪ√–‡∑», ·µàæ∫«à“‡°‘¥º≈
·∑√°´â Õ π Ÿ ß ¡“° ·≈–‰¡à ‡ À¡“–
 ”À√—∫§π‰∑¬·≈–™“«‡Õ‡™’¬. Õπ÷Ëß
√“¬ß“π°“√„™â “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ™π‘¥π’È
„πºŸâªÉ«¬‰∑¬¡’°“√»÷°…“Õ’°·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß
§◊ Õ ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ¢Õπ·°à π ´÷Ë ß „™â
‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡®“°ª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ… ‰¥âº≈¥’
‡™àπ°—πÛˆ.
„πÕ𓧵§“¥«à“®–¡’°“√„™â “√
‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß
·µà · æ∑¬å ºŸâ „ ™â ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß‰¥â √— ∫ °“√
Ωñ°Ωπ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’°àÕπ ‚¥¬µâÕ߇√’¬π
√Ÿâ‡∑§π‘§·≈–À“ª√– ∫°“√≥å¢Õß°“√
©’¥¬“Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ Ú ‡¥◊Õπ ‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–
‰¡à ‡ °‘ ¥ º≈¢â “ ߇§’ ¬ ß°— ∫ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬. „π
ªí®®ÿ∫π—  ∂“∫—π∑“ߥâ“πª√– “∑«‘∑¬“
√Ÿª∑’Ë 4
µ”·Àπàß·≈–¢π“¥¢Õß°“√©’¥ “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘-
π—¡„πºŸâªÉ«¬µ“°√–æ√‘∫∂’ËÀ√◊Õ§â“ß ·≈–ºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡
Õ“°“√‡¡Á° (Meigeûs syndrome) ∑’˺Ÿâ‡¢’¬π
§â𧑥¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ¡“µ√∞“π¢Õß°“√√—°…“ ·≈–‰¥âµ—Èß™◊ËÕ
‡√’¬°«à“ ç·∫∫©∫—∫¢Õß»‘√‘√“™é
¯ıÙ
µà“ßÊ ∑—Ë«‚≈°¡’§«“¡µ◊Ëπµ—«°—π¡“°„π
°“√∑’®Ë –Ωñ°Õ∫√¡·æ∑¬å∑¡’Ë §’ «“¡ π„®
„π°“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡π’È.  ”À√—∫
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ∑“ߧ≥–
·æ∑¬»“ µ√廑√‘√“™æ¬“∫“≈‰¥â‡ªìπ
»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß„π°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡·æ∑¬åµ“à ßÊ
„π¬à“π‡Õ‡™’¬ ‡™àπ Õ‘π‚¥π’‡´’¬  ‘ߧ‚ª√å
¡“‡≈‡´’¬ ŒàÕß°ß ·≈– “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ
‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘ π— ¡ ‰¥â √— ∫ °“√®¥∑–‡∫’ ¬ π·≈–
Õπÿ≠“µ„Àâ„™â„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈â« µ—ßÈ ·µà
æ.». ÚıÛ˘ ·≈–§≈‘ π‘ §  “√‡§¡’
™’«¿“æ¢Õߧ≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√廑√‘√“™
欓∫“≈¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬¡“√—∫°“√∫√‘°“√√“«
ı-Ò §πµàÕ —ª¥“Àå ·≈–¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬
À¡ÿπ‡«’¬πÕ¬Ÿ„à π§≈‘𧑠¡“° °«à“ Ú,
√“¬ ®÷߇ªìπ ∂“π∑’Ë∑’Ë„™â ”À√—∫°“√
Ωñ°Õ∫√¡·æ∑¬åª√–®”∫â“π π—°»÷°…“
·æ∑¬å · ≈–·æ∑¬å ºŸâ   π„®®“°µà “ ß
ª√–‡∑»Õ’°¥â«¬. „πªí®®ÿ∫—π¿“§«‘™“
‚ µ »Õ π“ ‘° ≈“√‘ß´å«‘∑¬“ °Á‰¥â¡’
Õ“®“√¬å ∑’Ë   π„®„π°“√©’ ¥  “√‡§¡’
™’ « ¿“æπ’È „ Àâ °— ∫ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë ¡’ ° “√æŸ ¥ º‘ ¥
ª√°µ‘ ‚¥¬°“√©’¥ “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æπ’È
‡¢â “ ‰ª∑’Ë ° ≈â “ ¡‡π◊È Õ §«∫§ÿ ¡  “¬‡ ’ ¬ ß
‚¥¬«‘∏’©’¥ºà“π®“°∑“ߺ‘«Àπ—ß∫√‘‡«≥
§Õ‚¥¬µ√ß ´÷Ëß¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬„π°≈ÿà¡π’È¡“
√—∫°“√√—°…“®”π«π√“« ¯ √“¬∑’Ë
À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π¡“√—∫°“√©’¥Õ¬Ÿà∑ÿ°Ê Ú-Ù
‡¥◊Õπ.  “¢“«‘™“‚√§∑“߇¥‘π√–∫∫
Õ“À“√ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å ‰¥âπ”
 “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡‰ª©’¥„Àâ°—∫
ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ËÀ≈Õ¥Õ“À“√ à«π≈à“ßÀ¥‡°√Áß
‚¥¬©’¥ºà“π∑“ß°≈âÕß àÕ߉ª®”π«π Ù
√“¬ æ∫«à “ ‰¥â º ≈¥’ ¡ “°‡™à π °— π .
ªí≠À“ ”§—≠„πªí®®ÿ∫—π§◊Õ √“§“¬“
´÷Ë ß ‡¥‘ ¡ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡§¬‰¥â √— ∫  “√π’È
 “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡°—∫°“√√—°…“‚√§

®“°π“¬·æ∑¬å Allan B. Scott „π
√“§“‡æ’¬ß Ù ‡À√’¬≠ À√—∞ µàÕ Ò
Àπ૬ À√◊ÕµàÕ Ò ¢«¥. „πªí®®ÿ∫—π
√“§“¬“‰¥â‡æ‘¡Ë ‡ªìπ Û ‡À√’¬≠ À√—∞
µà Õ Ò Àπà « ¬ À≈— ß ®“°∑“ß
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ´“πø√“π´‘ ‚° ¢“¬
≈‘¢ ‘∑∏‘Ϭ“π’È„Àâ°—∫∫√‘…—∑ Allergan
·Ààߪ√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“.
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’‡æ’¬ß Ù ª√–‡∑»„π
‚≈°‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë “¡“√∂º≈‘µ “√™’«¿“æ
π’ȉ¥â §◊Õ ª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ´÷Ëß„™â
™◊ËÕ«à“ çBotoxé, ª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ…„™â
™◊ËÕ«à“ çDysporté, ª√–‡∑»≠’˪ÿÉπ„™â
™◊Ë Õ «à “ çJapanese Botoxé ·≈–
ª√–‡∑»®’π. ªí®®ÿ∫π— Japanese Botox
‰¥â‡≈‘°º≈‘µ‰ª·≈â«.  ”À√—∫ª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬‡√“¬—߉¡à¡’»—°¬¿“æ‡æ’¬ßæÕ„π
°“√∑’Ë®–º≈‘µ “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æπ’È¢÷Èπ‡Õß
‡π◊ËÕß®“°µâÕß≈ß∑ÿπ Ÿß¡“° ·≈–„π
°“√·¬° “√π’È Õ Õ°¡“π—È π „π¢≥–π’È
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—߉¡à¡‡’ ™◊ÕÈ §≈Õ µ√‘‡¥’¬¡
‡°Á∫Õ¬Ÿà„πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√¢Õß ∂“∫—π
„¥‡≈¬ ·≈–ß∫ª√–¡“≥„π°“√º≈‘ µ
·≈– √â “ ß‚√ßß“π·¬° “√‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘ π— ¡
ÕÕ°¡“„Àâ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ïπ—Èπ µâÕß„™â§à“„™â®à“¬
„π°“√¥”‡π‘ π °“√‡ªì π ‡ß‘ π À≈“¬æ— π
≈â“π‡À√’¬≠ À√—∞. Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ „π
Õ𓧵§“¥«à“À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë¡’¢âÕ∫àß™’È„π
°“√„™â “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æπ’È°—πÕ¬à“ß°«â“ß
¢«“ß·≈–¡’°“√º≈‘µ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ„πª√–‡∑»
µà“ßÊ∑—Ë«‚≈° °ÁÕ“®¡’º≈∑”„Àâ√“§“¬“
≈¥≈߉¥â ·≈–®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ª√–‚¬™πå
‰¥âÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß. ªí®®ÿ∫—π “√æ‘…
‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡ ®÷ß¡’∫∑∫“∑∑’Ë‚¥¥‡¥àπ„π
∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å ‡æ√“–‡ªì π «‘ ∏’ ° “√
√— ° …“„À¡à ∑ “ߥ⠓ πÕ“¬ÿ √ °√√¡∑’Ë ¡’
π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å
ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈¥’ ·≈–¡’¢âÕ∫àß™’È„π°“√π”
¡“„™â„π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å¡“°¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê
µ“¡≈”¥—∫.
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Ò. Jankovic J, Hallett M, editors. Thera-
py with botulinum toxin. New York:
Marcell Dekker Inc; 1994.
Ú. American Academy of Neurology.
Therapeutics and Technology Assess-
ment subcommittee. Assessment : the
clinical usefulness of butulinum toxin
A in treating neurologic disorders.
Neurology 1990; 0: 1332-6.
Û. Jankovic J, Brin MF. Therapeutic
uses of botulinum toxin. N Engl J
Med 1991; 324: 1186-94.
Ù. Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne DB,
editors. Dystonia 2: advances in neu-
rology. Vol 50. New York: Raven
Press; 1981.
ı. Savino PJ, Sergott RC, Bosley TM,
Schatz NT. Hemifacial spasm treated
with botulinum toxin injections. Arch
Ophthalmol 1985; 103: 1305-6.
ˆ. Jakovic J, Schwartz K. Botulinum
toxin treatment of tremors. Neuro-
logy 1991; 41: 1185-8.
˜. Clarke CE. Therapeutic potential of
botulinum toxin in neurological dis-
orders. Quart J Med 1992; 82: 197-
205.
¯. Das TK, Park MD. Botulinum toxin
in treating spasticity. Br J Clin Pract
1989; 43: 401-2.
˘. Snow BJ, Tsui JK, Bhatt MH, Varelas
M, Hashimoto SA, Caine DM. Treat-
ment of spasticity with botulinum
toxin: a double-blind study. Ann
Neurol 1990; 28: 512-5.
¯ıı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
Ò. Pasricha PJ, Kalloo AN. Botulinum
toxin in treatment of gastrointestinal
disorders. In: Jankovic J, Hallett M,
editors. Therapy with botulinum
toxin. New York: Marcell Dekker
Inc; 1994. p. 543-55.
ÒÒ. Carruthers A, Carruthers JDA. Botu-
linum toxin in treatment of glabeller
frown lines and other facial wrinkles.
In: Jankovic J. Hallett M, editors.
Thera-py with botulinum toxin. New
York: Marcell Dekker Inc; 1994. p.
577-95.
ÒÚ. Blitzer A, Brin MJ. Laryngeal dys-
tonia : a series with botulinim toxin
therapy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol
1991; 100: 85-90.
ÒÛ. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å, Õ¥ÿ≈¬å «‘√‘¬‡«™°ÿ≈,
®ÿÓ≈—°…≥å ‚°¡≈µ√’. Placebo-con-
trolled double-blind cross-over study
of botulinum A toxin in hemifacial
spasm. Parkin Related Disord 1995;
1: 85-88.
ÒÙ. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å. Prevalence of dys-
tonia and occupational cramps in
Thailand. In: Kimura J, Shibasaki
H, editors. Recent advances in clini-
cal neurophysiology. Amsterdam:
Elsevier; 1996. p. 921-32.
Òı. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å. Pravalence of dys-
tonia and occupational cramps in
Thailand. In: Excerpta Medica In-
ternational Congress Series. 1101. Xth
International Congress of EMG and
Clinical Neurophysiology, Kyoto, 15-
19 October 1995: S75-76.
Òˆ. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å, «√æ√√≥ ‡∑æÀ— ¥‘π,
Õ¥ÿ ≈ ¬å «‘ √‘ ¬ ‡«™°ÿ ≈ . Treatment of
various movement disorders with
botulinum A toxin injection: an ex-
perience of 900 patients. ®æ ∑
ÚıÛ˘; ˜¯: Ú¯Ò-¯.
Ò˜. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å, «√æ√√≥ ‡∑æÀ— ¥‘π.
An experience of 800 patients with
various movement disorders treated
with botulinum toxin A injection. J
Slovene Med Soc 1996; 65(Suppl
III): 89-92.
Ò¯. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å. An experience of
800 patients with various movement
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
disorders treated with botulinum toxin
A injection (Abstract). Mov Disord
1994; 10(Suppl 1): 396.
Ò˘. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å. Botulinum toxin in
various movement disorders : an ex-
perience of 610 patients at Siriraj
Hospital (Abstract). Can J Neurol
Sci 1993; 20(Suppl 4): S237.
Ú. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å, Õ¥ÿ≈¬å «‘√‘¬‡«™°ÿ≈.
Botulinum A toxin treatment in spas-
modic torticollis : reports of 56 pa-
tients. ®æ ∑ ÚıÛ˜; ˜˜: ÙˆÙ-˜.
ÚÒ. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å, Õ¥ÿ≈¬å «‘√‘¬‡«™°ÿ≈.
Two hundred and fifty patients with
hemifacial spasm treated with botu-
linum toxin injection. ®æ ∑ ÚıÛı;
˜ı: Ò˘˘-ÚÛ.
ÚÚ. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å, Õ¥ÿ≈¬å «‘√‘¬‡«™°ÿ≈.
Two hundred and fifty patients with
hemifacial spasm treated with botu-
linum toxin (Abstract). Mov Disord
1990: 6(Suppl 1): 67.
ÚÛ. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å. Writerûs cramp :
the experience with botulinum toxin
injection in 25 patients. ®æ ∑
ÚıÛÙ; ˜Ù: ÚÛ˘-Ù˜.
ÚÙ. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å, √ÿàß∑‘«“ «—®©≈–∞‘µ‘.
Botulinum treatment for post-stroke
spasticity : low dose regimen (Ab-
stract). Eur J Neurol 1996; 3(Suppl
2): 23.
Úı. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å, «√æ√√≥ ‡∑æÀ— ¥‘π,
√—ß √√§å ™—¬‡ «‘°≈ÿ , π“√“æ√ ª√–¬Ÿ√«‘«≤
— πå,
Õ¥ÿ≈¬å «‘√¬‘ ‡«™°ÿ≈. Botulinum A toxin
treatment for blepharospasm and
Meige syndrome: report of 100 pa-
tients. ®æ ∑ ÚıÙ; ¯: Ò-¯.
Úˆ. »‘√‘™—¬ ‡Õ° —πµ‘«ß»å, π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å,
Õ¥ÿ ≈ ¬å «‘ √‘ ¬ ‡«™°ÿ ≈ , ®≥‘ ¬ “ ªí ≠ ≠“¡’ .
Hemifacial spasm: an electrophysi-
ological evidence of facial motor
neurones hyperexcitability. ®æ ∑
ÚıÛ˜; ˜˜: ˆÚ˜-ÛÚ.
Ú˜. Õ¥ÿ≈¬å «‘√‘¬‡«™°ÿ≈, √ÿàß∑‘«“ «—®©≈–∞‘µ‘,
π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å. Botulinim treat-
ment for post-stroke spasticity : low
dose regime. ®æ ∑ ÚıÙÒ; ¯Ò:
ÙÒÛ-˘.
Ú¯. π‘ æ π∏å æ«ß«√‘ π ∑√å . °“√„™â   “√‡§¡’
™’ « ¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ ≈‘ π— ¡ „π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å .
«“√ “√¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ ÚıÛ˘; Û:
ÒÙı-˘.
Ú˘. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å, π“√“æ√ ª√–¬Ÿ√-
«‘ «— ≤ πå , «√«√√≥ ‡ π“≥√ߧå , ¬ß™— ¬
π‘≈“ππ∑å, ‚™µ‘æ≤ — πå ¥à“π™—¬«‘®µ‘ √. Treat-
ment of headache with botulinum
toxin A injection : an open label study
of 21 patients. «“√ “√Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å
ÚıÙÙ; Ò˜: Òı-Ò.
Û. ‡À√’¬≠™—¬ ™≈“«‘‡»…°ÿ≈, æ“ ‘√‘  ‘∑∏‘Ïπ“¡-
 ÿ«√√≥, «√√≥’¬å µ√–°“√«≥‘™¬å, ¬ß™—¬
π‘≈“ππ∑å, «√æ√√≥ ‡ π“≥√ߧå, π“√“æ√
ª√–¬Ÿ√«‘«≤ — πå, π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å. Botu-
linum toxin injection for hemifacial
spasm. A 12-year experience.
«“√ “√Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å ÚıÙı; Ò¯: ÒÚ-
ˆ.
ÛÒ. ‡À√’¬≠™—¬ ™≈“«‘‡»…°ÿ≈, æ“ ‘√‘  ‘∑∏‘Ïπ“¡-
¯ıˆ
 ÿ«√√≥, «√√≥’¬å µ√–°“√«≥‘™¬å, ¬ß™—¬
π‘≈“ππ∑å, «√æ√√≥ ‡ π“≥√ߧå, π“√“æ√
ª√–¬Ÿ√«‘«≤— πå, π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å. Botu-
linum toxin injection for hemifacial
spasm. A 12-year experience (Ab-
stract). «“√ “√Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å ÚıÙÙ;
Ò˜(Suppl 1): ıÙ.
ÛÚ. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å. Treatment of head-
ache with botulinum toxin A (BTX-
A) injection : an open study of 21
patients (Abstract). «“√ “√Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å
ÚıÙÙ; Ò˜(Supple 1): ıÙ.
ÛÛ. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å, ¬ß™—¬ π‘≈“ππ∑å,
π“√“æ√ ª√–¬Ÿ√«‘«—≤πå, «√«√√≥ ‡ π“-
≥√ߧå. Hemifacial spasm treated with
botulinum toxin injection : a ten-year
experience at Siriraj Hospital.
 “√»‘√‘√“™ ÚıÙÙ; ıÛ: Ò-˜.
ÛÙ. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å. The 12 year expe-
rience of botulinum toxin injection
in 1,900 patients at Siriraj Hospital
(Abstract). J Neurol Sci 2001;
187(Suppl): S421.
Ûı. π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å. The first world re-
port of botulinum A toxin injection
for status migrainosus. ®æ ∑ ÚıÙı;
¯Ù: ÒÒ˘˘-ÚÛ.
Ûˆ.  ÿ∑∏‘æπ— ∏å ®‘µæ‘¡≈¡“»,  ¡»—°¥‘Ï ‡∑’¬¡‡°à“,
¡π—  ‡À≈à“‰æ∫Ÿ≈¬å. Long term results
of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport)
in the treatment of hemifacial spasm
: a report of 175 cases. J Neurol
Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 64: 751-
7.
 “√‡§¡’™’«¿“æ‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘π—¡°—∫°“√√—°…“‚√§
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

Abstract Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Current Practice

Niphon Poungvarin
Associate Member, the Academy of Science, the Royal Institute, Thailand
One of the most recent advances in clinical practice in the past 20 years is treatment with botu-
linum toxin. Botulinum toxin was used for the first time in 1977 to correct strabismus. Later, several
indications for botulinum toxin therapy were listed, including conditions such as blepharospasm,
hemifacial spasm, spasmodic torticollis, writer’s cramp and spasticity. Currently, there are more
than 50 indications for botulinum toxin therapy, including gastrointestinal sphinctor problems, spas-
modic dysphonia, musculoskeletal pain and cosmetic purposes (to treat wrinkles and facial folding).
Botulinum toxin acts upon the neuromuscular junction at the presynaptic site to prevent the release
of acetylcholine, thus acting by chemodenervation. The clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin lasts for
4-6 months after injection. The Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medi-
cine Siriraj Hospital is the first center in South East Asia to collaborate with the Smith-Kettlewell
Eye Research Institute in San Francisco to conduct clinical trials using botulinum toxin in neurologi-
cal patients. It has been doing so since 1989, before the Food and Drug Administration of the United
States approved this treatment. A paper publised in Thailand was the first document proof of the
efficacy of botulinim toxin in the treatment of patients with hemifacial spasm. Now the Thai group
is the second most experienced in botulinum toxin therapy apart from the group at New York Uni-
versity. More than 2,000 patients have been treated with botulinum toxin therapy for various move-
ment disorders at Siriraj Hospital.
Key words : botulinum toxin, botulism

π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å
¯ı˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫„π√—™ ¡—¬ ∑√ß √√§å π‘≈°”·Àß

 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬ À¡Õ®–‡ªìπ‡¿ —™°√
°“√‡°‘¥·°à‡®Á∫µ“¬‡ªìπ∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å∑ÿ°™“µ‘∑ÿ°¿“…“
§«“¡√Ÿâ„π‡√◊ËÕß‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫ ·≈–¬“√—°…“‚√§®÷߇ªìπ¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“Õ—π
À√◊ÕºŸâª√ÿ߬“¥â«¬ µ”√“¬“®÷ß¡—°‡ªìπ
∫√‘ ∑ÿ ∏‘∑Ï ¡’Ë πÿ…¬å„π·µà≈–∑âÕß∂‘πË ®–»÷°…“§âπ§«â“¢÷πÈ ‡Õß °àÕπ∑’®Ë –æ—≤π“  ‘ËßÀ«ß·Àπ‰¡à‡ªî¥‡º¬„Àâ§ππÕ°À√◊Õ
‰ª Ÿà°“√·≈°‡ª≈’Ë¬π§«“¡√Ÿâ√–À«à“ß°—π. §«“¡√Ÿâ‡°’ˬ«°—∫‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫ §π∑—«Ë ‰ª‰¥â√.âŸ
¢Õߧπ‰∑¬°Á‡™àπ°—π ·≈–§ß®–¡’¡“™â“π“π°àÕπ ¡—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬¢÷Èπ‰ª µ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥å
¥â«¬ª√“°Ø§«“¡∫“ßµÕπ„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ ‰µ√¿Ÿ¡‘°∂“ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ«√√≥°√√¡ ‡ªì π µ”√“·æ∑¬å · ºπ‰∑¬∑’Ë ‡ °à “ ·°à
 ¡—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∑’Ë· ¥ß§«“¡√Ÿâ∑“ß°“¬«‘¿“§»“ µ√åÕ¬à“߇ªìπ√–∫∫ √«¡
∑—Èß≈—°…≥–‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫µ“¡§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¢Õß§π ¡—¬π—Èπ.
∑’Ë ÿ¥‡≈à¡Àπ÷Ëß. ©∫—∫∑’Ëæ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à
§√—πÈ ¡“„π ¡—¬Õ¬ÿ∏¬“µÕπµâπ Àπ૬ߓπ∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬ °—π„πªí®®ÿ∫—π‡ªìπ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õßæ√–‡®â“
∑’˪√“°Ø„π∑”‡π’¬∫»—°¥‘π“¢â“√“™°“√æ≈‡√◊Õπ „π°ÆÀ¡“¬µ√“ “¡ ∫√¡«ß»å‡∏Õ °√¡À≈«ß«ß»“∏‘√“™ π‘∑
¥«ß∑’˵√“¢÷Èπ„π æ.». Ò˘˘¯, ¡’∑—Èß°√¡·æ∑¬“ °√¡À¡Õ¬“ °√¡ µâπ√“™ °ÿ≈ π‘∑«ß»å ºŸ∑â √ß√—∫√“™°“√
À¡Õ°ÿ¡“√ °√¡À¡Õπ«¥ °√¡À¡Õ¬“µ“ °√¡À¡Õ«√√≥‚√§ ·≈– °”°— ∫ °√¡À¡ÕÀ≈«ß ·≈–∑√߇ªì π
‚√ßæ√–‚Õ ∂, ·µà≈–°√¡¡’‡®â“°√¡ ·≈–¢â“√“™°“√µ”·Àπàßµà“ßÊ
≈¥À≈—Ëπ°—π‰ª ‡™àπ ‡®â“°√¡‚√ßæ√–‚Õ ∂ §◊ÕÕÕ°≠“·æ∑¬æß…“
·æ∑¬åÀ≈«ß„π√“™ ”π—°µ—ßÈ ·µà√™—  ¡—¬
«‘ ÿ∑∏“∏‘∫¥’Õ–‰¿¬æ‘√’¬∫√“°√¡æ“Àÿ ®“ß«“ß·æ∑¬“‚√ßæ√–‚Õ ∂ æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π—Ë߇°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«
¡’»°— ¥‘π“∂÷ß Ú. ®π∂÷ß√—™ ¡—¬æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®Õ¡
§” ”§—≠ : ‚√§,  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™ ‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«.  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“∫√¡-
«ß»å‡∏Õ °√¡æ√–¬“¥”√ß√“™“πÿ¿“æ
∑√ß —ππ‘…∞“π«à“ µ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–
π“√“¬≥åπà“®–√«∫√«¡¢÷Èπ„π√—™°“≈
ºŸâª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å µ‘¥µ“¡∂“¡‰∂à‡«≈“∑’˧√Ÿ√—°…“§π‰¢â  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™ (æ.».
·ºπ‰∑¬ ¡— ¬ °à Õ π ¡— ° ‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ · ≈– ‚¥¬§√Ÿ®–Õ∏‘∫“¬„Àâ√∂⟠ß÷  “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§ ÚÒ˘˘-ÚÚÛÒ) ¥â«¬¡’°≈à“«∂÷ßæ√–
 ◊∫∑Õ¥«‘™“°—π¿“¬„πµ√–°Ÿ≈. «‘∏’ Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§ ™◊ËÕ¢Õß‚√§ ¬“ ”À√—∫ ‚Õ ∂∫“ߢπ“π∑’Ë·æ∑¬åÀ≈«ßª√ÿߢ÷Èπ
∂à“¬∑Õ¥§«“¡√Ÿâ‡ªìπ≈—°…≥–ª“°µàÕ ∫”∫— ¥ ‚√§  ‘Ë ß µà “ ßÊ ∑’Ë „ ™â ‡ ªì π  à « π ç∑Ÿ≈‡°≈â“œ ∂«“¬∑√ß„π«—π ˜œÒÒ ÒÚ
ª“°·≈â«∑àÕß®” Õ“»—¬§«“¡™”π“≠ ª√–°Õ∫¢Õ߬“ ∑—Èßæ◊™«—µ∂ÿ  —µ««—µ∂ÿ §Ë” ªï°≠ÿ ‡Õ°»° ‡¡◊Õß≈æ∫ÿ√’ ·≈é Õ—π
®“°°“√ —߇°µ®¥®”„Àâ¢÷Èπ„® »‘…¬å®– ·≈–∏“µÿ«µ— ∂ÿ §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘ °“√‡°Á∫√—°…“ µ√ß°—∫«—π‡ “√å∑’Ë ¯ 惻®‘°“¬π æÿ∑∏-
µâ Õ ß∑”µ— « „°≈â ™‘ ¥  π„®ª√ππ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ≈Õ¥®πæ‘°—¥¬“. ∑—Èßπ’È ‡æ√“–„π°“√ »—°√“™ ÚÚÚ ¢≥–‡ ¥Á®·ª√æ√–

‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫„π√—™ ¡—¬ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™
¯ı¯

√“™∞“π‰ªª√–∑—∫∑’‡Ë ¡◊Õß≈æ∫ÿ√‡’ ªìπµâπ.
„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“‰¥â¡’°“√∫—π∑÷°µ”√—∫¬“
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡‡¢â“‰ªÕ’° ‡™àπ µ”√—∫æ√–
‚Õ ∂∑’·Ë æ∑¬åÀ≈«ßª√ÿß ç≈–≈“¬∂«“¬
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“À≈«ßπ‘ææ“π∑⓬
 √–„À⇠«¬é ´÷ßË Õ“®‡ªìπ√—™°“≈ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–‡®â“‡ ◊Õ (æ.». ÚÚÙˆ-ÚÚıÒ)
À√◊Õ√—™°“≈ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑⓬
 √– (æ.». ÚÚıÒ-ÚÚ˜ı) À√◊ Õ
Õ¬à“ߙ⓰Á‰¡à§«√®–‡°‘π√—™°“≈ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸÀà «— ∫√¡‚°» (æ.». ÚÚ˜ı-
ÚÛÒ).
µ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥剥â
®— ¥ æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ º¬·æ√à § √—È ß ·√°„π√— ™  ¡— ¬
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–¡ß°ÿƇ°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬Ÿà
À—« ‚¥¬ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–»√’æ™— √‘π∑√“∫√¡-
√“™‘π’π“∂ æ√–∫√¡√“™™ππ’ ‚ª√¥
‡°≈â “ ‚ª√¥°√–À¡à Õ ¡„Àâ æ‘ ¡ æå æ √–-
√“™∑“π„πß“π»ææ√–¬“·æ∑¬æß»“
(π“° ‚√®π·æ∑¬å) ‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚÙˆ
‚√ßæ‘¡æå‚ ¿≥æ‘æ√√≤∏π“°√ ‡ªìπºŸâ
æ‘¡æå. À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ‰¥âæ‘¡æå´È”Õ’°
À≈“¬§√—Èß ®π„π æ.». ÚıÙÙ ºŸâ™à«¬
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.™¬—πµå 摇™’¬√ ÿπ∑√
»“ µ√“®“√¬å §ÿ≥À≠‘ß·¡âπ¡“  ™«≈‘µ
·≈–»“ µ√“®“√¬å摇»… ¥√.«‘‡™’¬√
®’√«ß å ‰¥â√à«¡°—π™”√–µâπ©∫—∫µ”√“
æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥å„À¡à ¥â«¬‡ÀÁπ
«à “ ©∫— ∫ æ‘ ¡ æå · µà °à Õ ππ—È π ¡’ ‡ π◊È Õ §«“¡
 ≈—∫°—πÕ¬Ÿà Õ—πÕ“®‡π◊ÕË ß¥â«¬°“√≈”¥—∫
„∫≈“π —∫°—π ·≈–‰¥â·°â‰¢«√√§µÕπ
·°â‰¢™◊ËÕ‡§√◊ËÕ߬“À√◊Õ»—æ∑å∑’Ë√Ÿâ·πà™—¥
«à“§—¥≈Õ°¡“º‘¥‡æ’Ȭπ ·≈â«®—¥∑”§”
Õ∏‘∫“¬»—æ∑åÕ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ®—¥æ‘¡æå
‡º¬·æ√à„π™◊ËÕ ç§”Õ∏‘∫“¬µ”√“æ√–
‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥å ©∫—∫‡©≈‘¡ æ√–
∑√ß √√§å π‘≈°”·Àß,  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‡°’ ¬ √µ‘ ˜Ú æ√√…“¡À“√“™“ ı ·µà∫∑§«“¡π’ºÈ ‡Ÿâ ¢’¬π®–°≈à“«∂÷߇©æ“–
∏—𫓧¡ æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÙÚé ∫√‘…∑— §«“¡√Ÿâ‡°’ˬ«°—∫‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫¢Õߧπ
Õ¡√‘π∑√åæ√‘πÈ µ‘ßÈ ·Õπ¥åæ∫— ≈‘™™‘ßË ®”°—¥ ‰∑¬„π ¡—¬π—Èπ‡∑à“π—Èπ.
(¡À“™π) ‡ªì π ºŸâ ®— ¥ æ‘ ¡ æå , ‚¥¬¡’
«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§åÀ≈—°‡æ◊ËÕπ”¢÷Èπ∑Ÿ≈‡°≈â“ ‚√§·≈–Õ“°“√‚√§
∑Ÿ ≈ °√–À¡à Õ ¡∂«“¬æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® ‚√§¢Õߧπ‰∑¬„π√—™ ¡—¬ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸÀà «— ‡π◊ÕË ß„π‚Õ°“ æ√–√“™- æ√–π“√“¬≥å ¡ À“√“™·≈–√— ™  ¡— ¬ ∑’Ë
æ‘∏’¡À“¡ß§≈‡©≈‘¡æ√–™π¡æ√√…“ ˆ „°≈⇧’¬ß°—π ∑’˪√–¡«≈‰¥â®“°µ”√“
√Õ∫ ı ∏— π «“§¡ ÚıÙÚ  ”À√— ∫ æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥å ¡’¥—ßπ’È ( –°¥
æ√–√“™∑“πµàÕ‰ª¬—ßÀπ૬ߓπ·≈– °“√— π µå ‰ ¥â ª √— ∫ ·°â ‰ ¢„Àâ ‡ ªì π ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π
Õߧå°√µà“ßÊ µ“¡æ√–√“™Õ—∏¬“»—¬. ‡æ◊ÕË  –¥«°·°à°“√∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®).
µ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥åπ’È °√–…—¬°≈àÕπ (°√– “¬°≈àÕπ)
πÕ°®“°®–„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ‡√◊ËÕß‚√§·≈–¬“ °≈—¥Õ°°≈—¥„®
√—°…“‚√§ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π√—™ ¡—¬ ¡‡¥Á® °‘π¢â“«‰¡à‰¥â °‘πÕ“À“√‰¡à‰¥â
æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™‡ªì𠔧—≠·≈â« °‘πÕ“À“√∫àÕ¬
¬—ß„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ëπà“ π„®‡°’ˬ«°—∫æ—≤π“ ¢—¥‡¢à“
°“√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬∑’Ë ”§—≠ ¢—¥√–¥Ÿ-‚≈À‘µ¢âπ-‚≈À‘µ·§àπ
ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß §◊Õ°“√∫Ÿ√≥“°“√§«“¡ -‚≈À‘µ°√—ß
√Ÿ∑â “ß°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬°—∫°“√·æ∑¬å ¢—¥À—«Àπà“«
µà“ߪ√–‡∑»¥â«¬. µ”√“π’ȉ¥â√–∫ÿ√“¬ ‰¢â
™◊ËÕÀ¡ÕºŸâª√ÿ߬“∂«“¬‰«â ˘ §π ‡ªìπ ‰¢âµ√’‚∑…
À¡Õ‰∑¬ ı §π À¡Õµà“ß™“µ‘ Ù §π ‰¢â≈‘ÈπÀ¥ ‡®√®“¡‘™—¥
¥—ß®–°≈à“«∂÷ßµàÕ‰ª¢â“ßÀπâ“ ·≈–¬—ß ‰¢â —ππ‘∫“µ
‰¥â 𔇧√◊Ë Õ ß¬“‡∑»‡¢â “ ¡“„™â ª √ÿ ß ¬“ ‰¢â„Àâ√Õâ π°√–À“¬πÈ”
À≈“¬µ”√—∫ ‡™àπ ‚°…∞åµà“ßÊ ‡∑’¬π ‰¢â„ÀâÕ“‡®’¬πÀπ—°
µà“ßÊ ‚À√“µà“ßÊ ¬“¥” ™–¡¥‡™’¬ß §≈◊Ëπ‡À’¬πÕ“‡®’¬π
πÈ”¥Õ°‰¡â‡∑» ¬‘ß ¡ (‚ ¡) ¡“µ–°’Ë §—π
¡¥¬Õ∫  ’‡ ’¬¥‡∑». πÕ°®“°π’È µ”√“ ßàÕ¬‡æ≈’¬
æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥嬗߇ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ ߟ摅 µ–¢“∫ ·¡≈ߪÉÕߢ∫
¢ÿ ¡ §«“¡√Ÿâ Õ— 𠇪ì π  À«‘ ™ “¢Õߧπ√ÿà π ®—°…ÿ‡¢’¬« ®—°…ÿ‡À≈◊Õß
ªí®®ÿ∫—π ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªì𧫓¡√Ÿâ„π¥â“π ®—∫‚ªß
™’«‘µ§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà «—≤π∏√√¡ Õ“À“√ ®ÿ°°√–º“¡¡â“¡¬âÕ¬ ®ÿ°°√–-
°“√°‘π æ√√≥æ◊™ æ√√≥ —µ«å ·√à∏“µÿ º“¡¡â“¡‡√◊ÈÕ¬
 ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡  ÿ¢Õπ“¡—¬ ·¡â°√–∑—ßË ‡√◊ÕË ß ®ÿ°Õ°
§” §«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ” »—æ∑å∑’Ë¡’„™â ‡®Á∫¢—¥
·≈–∑’‡Ë ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈߉ª„π·µà≈–¬ÿ§ ¡—¬. ‡®Á∫∑âÕß
¯ı˘
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

‡®Á∫‡π◊ÕÈ µ—«∑ÿ°‡ âπ¢π ª√–™«√‡æ◊ÕË ‚≈À‘µ ¡Õߧ√àÕ

´“ß (∑√“ß) ª«¥¢∫ ¡— ° ‚°√∏ ¡— ° ¢≈“¥ ‡®√®“
©—ππ«ÿµµ‘‚√§ ˘ˆ ª√–°“√ ª«¥¢∫¡’æ‘… ¥â«¬º’ ¡–‡¡Õ‡æâÕæ°§≈—Ëß
¥’°”‡√‘∫ ¥’√—Ë« ¥’¢âπÀ√◊Õ¥’≈â𠪫¥æ√–‡»’¬√, ª«¥»’√…– ‰§≈â„À≈À≈ß
µ°µâπ‰¡âµ°™â“ß¡â“‚§°√–∫◊Õ ªí  “«–¢—¥ ¡÷πßà«ß«‘߇«’¬π
µ°∑«“√∑—ßÈ ˘ ªí  “«–∫àÕ¬ ¡◊Õ·≈–‡∑⓵“¬
µ°∫ÿæ‚æ‚≈À‘µ ªí  “«–¡“° ‡¡◊ÕË ¬¢∫
µ°∫ÿ æ ‚æ‚≈À‘ µ ∑“ß∑«“√ ªí  “«–‡À≈◊Õß √âÕπª≈“¬¡◊Õª≈“¬‡∑â“
Àπ—°∑«“√‡∫“ ªÑ“ß √‘¥ ’¥«ß (√‘»¥«ß)
µ°¡Ÿ° ‡ªóÕò ¬§—π √‘¥ ’¥«ß°‘π„π‡≈Á∫æ√–À—µ∂å
µ°‡≈◊Õ¥ ‡ªóÕò ¬æ—ß √‘¥ ’¥«ßßÕ° (∑’Ë) ∑«“√Àπ—°
µ–§√‘« º¡√à«ß-§—π-ÀßÕ° ∑«“√‡∫“
µ–¡Õ¬¡’µ—« ºÕ¡‡À≈◊Õß √‘¥ ’¥«ß„πæ√–π“ ‘° æ√–»Õ
µ—«√âÕπ ºÕ¡·Àâß æ√–‡πµ√ (√‘¥ ’¥«ß„π®¡Ÿ°
µ“π (µ“≈) º“¬≈¡ §Õ µ“)
µ“‡À≈◊Õß µ“‡¢’¬« º‘«‡À≈◊Õß √‘¥ ’¥«ßºÕ¡‡À≈◊Õß
‡µ‚™∏“µÿ æ‘ ° “√, ‡µ‚™∏“µÿ º◊πË º¥ ‚ √ § Õ— π ‡ °‘ ¥ „ π æ √ – ‡ »’ ¬ √
«‘°“√ Ωï Òˆ ®”æ«° æ√–‡πµ√ π“ ‘° (‚√§Õ—π
∂Õ¬·√ß Ωï§π— ∑¡“≈“ ‡°‘¥„πÀ—« µ“ ®¡Ÿ°)
∂Ÿ°∑ÿ∫∂Õß‚∫¬µ’ Ω輪π∑ Ÿµ ≈ß·¥ß
∑âÕߢ÷Èπ ∑âÕßæÕß Ωï∑’Ëπ¡ ≈ß∑âÕß
∑âÕ߇¥‘π ΩóòÕ¬ Ωï‡πà“ ≈¡
∑âÕߺŸ° Ωïø°§Õ ≈¡ ¯ ®”æ«°
∑âÕß¡“π (∑âÕß¡“√) Ωïø°§“ß ≈¡°√–…—¬ (≈¡°√– “¬)
∑âÕß√ÿßâ æÿß¡“π (∑âÕß√ÿßâ æÿß¡“√) Ωïø°∑Ÿ¡πâÕ¬ ≈¡¢÷Èπ Ÿß
πÕπ‰¡àÀ≈—∫ Ωïø°∑Ÿ¡‡¡’¬ ≈¡®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥À“«‡√Õ
πÈ”‡À≈◊Õß Ωïø°∑Ÿ¡„À≠à ≈¡µ’¢÷Èπ„π∑âÕß¡’‡ ’¬ßÕ—π¥—ß
‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬Õÿª∑¡ Ωï≈°Ÿ ÀπŸ ≈¡∑âπ∑âÕß
·πàπÕ°·πàπ„® æ¬“∏‘, 欓∏‘∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ≈¡ªÉ«ß
∫«¡Àπâ“ ∫«¡¡◊Õ ∫«¡∑âÕß æ¬“∏‘‡°‘¥„π∑√«ßÕ° ≈¡ªíµ¶“Ø
∫«¡‡∑ⓠ欓∏‘Õ—π‡ªìπµ—«„π∑âÕß ≈¡ªíµ¶“Ø°≈àÕπ
∫“¥‡®Á∫ æ√√¥÷° ≈¡‡ªìπ°âÕπ‡¢â“„π∑âÕß
∫“¥·º≈‡®Á∫ª«¥‡ ’ȬπÀπ“¡ æ‘…· ∫√âÕπ ≈¡æ√√¥÷°
ÀÕ°¥“∫ ø° ≈¡¡À“ ¥¡¿å
∫ÿæ‚æ ø°™È”„πÕ° ≈¡√“∑¬—°…å
ª∂«’∏“µÿæ°‘ “√, ª∂«’∏“µÿ«°‘ “√ ø°∫«¡ ≈¡«‘À§

‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫„π√—™ ¡—¬ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™
¯ˆ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

≈¡ —π¥“π ‡Àß◊ÕË ÕÕ°¡“° ¬“√—°…“‚√§

≈¡Õ—π„À⇠’¬¥·∑ß™“¬‚§√ß ÀŸ§—π ‡©æ“–∑’˪√“°Ø„πÀπ—ß ◊Õµ”√“
 –‚æ°  —πÀ≈—ß ÀŸµ÷ß æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥å ¡’ ¯Ò µ”√—∫.
≈¡Õ—¡æ“µ Õߧ Ÿµ µ”√—∫∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡√’¬°‡©æ“– ¡’ ÛÙ
≈¡Õ—¡æ“µ®—∫„Àâ≈‘ÈπÀ¥ Õߧ ŸµÕÿª∑¡ µ”√—∫ ‡™à𠬓¡‚À ∂∏‘®—π∑πå ¬“∑‘æ-
≈¡Õÿ∑∏—ߧ¡“«“µ“ Õ“‡®’¬π °“» ¬“»ÿ¢‰ ¬“»πå ¬“Õ‘π∑«–¡—  —ß
≈‘ÈπÀ¥ ‡®√®“¡‘™—¥ Õ“‚ª∏“µÿæ‘°“√, Õ“‚ª∏“µÿ ¬“·°â«À“§à“¡‘‰¥â ¬“®‘µ√°“√‘¬æ‘®√Ÿ≠
‡≈◊Õ¥°”‡¥“, ‚≈À‘µ°”‡¥“ «‘°“√ ¬“Õ¿‘ – ¬“¡À“°∑—»„À≠à ¬“¡À“
‚≈À‘µ°”‡√‘∫ Õÿ®®“√–¢—¥ ¡“µ≈ÿ߇°…’.
‚≈À‘µµ° Õÿ®®“√–∫àÕ¬ µ”√—∫¬“πÈ”¡—π·≈–¬“¢’Ⱥ÷Èß Ò˜
‚≈À‘µÕÕ° Õÿ®®“√–‡À≈◊Õß µ”√—∫. ∫“ßµ”√—∫°Á¡’™◊ËÕ‡√’¬°‡©æ“–
«“µ–°”‡√‘∫ Õÿª∑¡ ∫“ßµ”√—∫‰¡à¡’.
«“‚¬∏“µÿ æ‘ ° “√, «“‚¬∏“µÿ ‰Õ µ”√—∫¬“·°â§«“¡º‘¥ª√°µ‘¢Õß
«‘°“√ ‚√§·≈–Õ“°“√‚√§¥—ß°≈à“«Õ“® ∏“µÿ∑—Èß Ù ‰¡à¡’™◊ËÕ‡√’¬°‡©æ“– ¡’ Û
«‘߇«’¬π  √ÿª‰¥â‡ªìπ ı ª√–‡¿∑ §◊Õ µ”√—∫.
 ≈∫ Ò. ‚√§·≈–Õ“°“√¢Õß√–∫∫∑“ß ∫“ßµ”√—∫∑’˪√ÿߢ÷Èπ∑Ÿ≈‡°≈â“∑Ÿ≈
‡ ‚∑µ°Àπ—° ‡¥‘π¢ÕßÕ“À“√ ‡™àπ Õ“°“√≈ß∑âÕß °√–À¡àÕ¡∂«“¬‚¥¬‡©æ“– ®–‡√’¬°«à“
‡ âπ°≈àÕ𠇪ìπæ√√¥÷° ‡∫◊ËÕÕ“À“√ ‡®Á∫„π∑âÕß ¬“æ√–՗ߧ∫æ√–‡ â𠬓∑“æ√–‡ âπ
‡ âπ·¢Áß √‘¥ ’¥«ß∑«“√ Õ“‡®’¬π ∑âÕߢ÷Èπ ∑âÕß ¬“∑√ßπ— µ ∂ÿå ¬“∑√ß∑“æ√–π≈“Ø
‡ âπµ÷ß æÕß æ¬“∏‘„π≈”‰ â ≈¡®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥. πÈ”¡—ππ«¥æ√–‡ âπÕ—π∑惰 πÈ”¡—π
‡ âπµ÷ß·≈–°√–¥â“ß Ú. ‚√§·≈–Õ“°“√∑’ˇ°’ˬ«·°à‡ âπ ∑√ß·°âæ√–‡°»“À≈àπ„À⧗π„ÀâÀßÕ°
‡ âπæ‘√∏ÿ ‡ÕÁ π °≈â “ ¡‡π◊È Õ ·≈–ª√– “∑ ‡™à 𠇪ìπµâπ. ∫“ßµ”√—∫√–∫ÿ™◊ËÕ·æ∑¬åºŸâ
‡ âπÕ—π∑惰 Õ“°“√‡ âπµ÷ß ‡ âπ°≈àÕπ ‡ âπÕ—¡æƒ°…å ª√ÿ߬“·≈–«—π‡¥◊Õπªï∑’Ëπ”¢÷Èπ∑Ÿ≈‡°≈â“
‡ âπÕ—π∑惰°√–¥â“ßµ÷ß Õ—¡æ“µ µ–§√‘« ‡¡◊ÕË ¬¢∫ ‚√§ª√– “∑. ∑Ÿ≈°√–À¡àÕ¡∂«“¬. ∫“ßµ”√—∫∑’Ë∑√ß
‡ âπÕ—π∑惰°≈àÕπ≈¡ Û. ‚√§·≈–Õ“°“√¢Õß√–∫∫°“√ „™â‡Õß®–¡’¢Õâ §«“¡√–∫ÿ¥«â ¬«à“‰¥â∑√ß„™â
‡ âπÕÿ∑∏—ߧ¡“«“µ“ Õ‚∏§¡“- À“¬„® µ“ ÀŸ ‡™à𠇪ìπÀ«—¥ §—¥®¡Ÿ° ≥ «—π‡¥◊Õπªï„¥. ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°µ”√—∫¬“
«“µ“ ª«¥»’√…– ª«¥®¡Ÿ° √‘¥ ’¥«ß®¡Ÿ° µ“ ·≈– √√æ§ÿ≥¬“‡À≈à“π’®È ß÷ ‡ªìπÀ≈—°∞“π
‡ ¡À– Ú ®”æ«° ·≈–§Õ ª«¥µ“ ‰Õ ¡Õߧ√àÕ ÀŸµ÷ß ÀŸ ∑’Ë Õ “®π”‰ª»÷ ° …“‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ æ√–‚√§
‡ ¡À–°”‡√‘∫ §—π ‡≈◊Õ¥°”‡¥“. ·≈–æ√–Õ“°“√ª√–™«√¢Õß ¡‡¥Á ®
‡ ¡À–µ’¢÷Èπ, ‡ ¡À–ª–∑–¢÷Èπ Ù. ‚√§µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ ‡™à π Ωï µà “ ßÊ æ√–π“√“¬≥å ¡ À“√“™À√◊ Õ ¢Õßæ√–
‡ ¡À–„π∑√«ßÕ° „π≈”§Õ ·º≈‡ªóòÕ¬ ¡’ÀπÕß Ωï„πÀŸ ®ÿ°°√–º“¡ ¡À“°…—µ√‘¬åæ√–Õߧ儥æ√–ÕߧåÀπ÷Ëß
‡ ’¬¥ —πÀ≈—ß ¡â“¡¬âÕ¬ ªÑ“ß (‰¢â®∫—  —πË ) °“¡‚√§ ‡™àπ ‚¥¬‡∑’¬∫®“°«—π‡¥◊Õπªï∑’Ë√–∫ÿ ‰«â ‰¥â
‰ â¥â«π ‰ â¥â«π ‰ â≈“¡. Õ¬à“ß„°≈⇧’¬ß§«“¡®√‘ß.
‰ â≈“¡ ı. ‚√§·≈–Õ“°“√‰¡à ∫“¬Õ◊ËπÊ
ÀÕ∫æ—° ‡™àπ ‰¢âµà“ßÊ ≈¡µà“ßÊ ∂Ÿ° —µ«åæ‘… ·æ∑¬åºŸâª√ÿ߬“
À◊¥ °—¥µàÕ¬ º¡√à«ß ªí  “«–¢—¥ ø°™È”. ·æ∑¬åº‡Ÿâ ªìπ‡®â“¢Õßµ”√—∫¬“À√◊Õ

∑√ß √√§å π‘≈°”·Àß,  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘

¯ˆÒ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
‡ªìπºŸªâ √ÿ߬“∂«“¬ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å
¡À“√“™·≈–æ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬åæ√–Õߧå
Õ◊πË Ê. „πµ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥å
¡’™◊ËÕª√“°Ø ˘ §π ‡ªìπÀ¡ÕÀ≈«ß ˜
§π (À¡Õ‰∑¬ Ù §π À¡Õ®’π Ò §π
À¡Õ·¢° Ò §π À¡ÕΩ√—Ëß Ò §π)
À¡Õ‡™≈¬»—°¥‘Ï Ò §π ·≈–À¡ÕΩ√—Ëß Ò
§π §◊Õ
À¡ÕÀ≈«ß
Ò. ÕÕ°æ√–·æ∑¬æß…“ ª√ÿß
πÈ”¡—πÕߧ ŸµÕÿª∑¡ „™â‡ªÉ“À√◊Õ∑“·°â
√‘¥ ’¥«ß Õߧ Ÿµ ‰ â¥â«π Õÿª∑¡.
Ú. ÕÕ°æ√– ‘∑∏‘ “√ ª√ÿ߬“
®”‡√‘≠æ√–∏“µÿ πÈ”¡—π¡À“«‘»§√√¿-
√“™‰µ≈ ·°âπÈ”‡À≈◊Õß ‡ªóòÕ¬§—π Ωï
‡ªóòÕ¬‡πà“ Õÿª∑¡ ‰ â¥â«π ·≈–ª√ÿß
 ’º÷Èß∫’È∑“‡ âπ ·°â‡ âπµ÷ß ‚≈À‘µ‰À≈
‡«’¬π‰¡à –¥«° ·≈–¬“·°â√‘¥ ’¥«ß
ªí  “«–¢—¥.
Û. ÕÕ°¢ÿ π ∑‘ æ ®— ° √ ª√ÿ ß ¬“
®”‡√‘≠æ√–∏“µÿ ·°â≈¡ ‡ ¡À– ·≈–
‚≈À‘µ°”‡√‘∫ ·≈–·°âæ√–‡ âπÕ—π∑惰.
Ù. ÕÕ°¢ÿπª√– ‘∑∏‘‚Õ ∂ ª√ÿß
¬“¡À“®ÿ≈∑‘æ¬å ·°âæ√–‡ âπÕ—π∑惰.
ı. ÕÕ°¢ÿ π ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ‚ Õ ∂®’ π
ª√ÿßπÈ”¡—π·°âæ√–‡ âπÕ—π∑惰.
ˆ. ÕÕ°æ√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘   “√æ√“À¡≥å
‡∑» ª√ÿßπÈ”¡—π𫥇 âπÕ—π∑惰.
˜. æ√–·æ∑¬å‚Õ ∂Ω√—Ëß ª√ÿß
¬“·°âªí  “«–¢—¥.
À¡Õ‡™≈¬»—°¥‘Ï
À¡“¬∂÷ßÀ¡ÕπÕ°∑”‡π’¬∫À√◊Õ
πÕ°√“™°“√.
𓬇æÁ™√ªí≠≠“ ª√ÿßπÈ”¡—π
¡À“ª√–‰≈¬°—≈ªá ·°â‡ âπÕ—π∑惰
°≈àÕπ≈¡ ∑”„Àâ¡◊Õ‡∑⓵“¬ßàÕ¬‡æ≈’¬.
À¡ÕΩ√—Ëß
‡¡ ’ ª√ÿ ß ¢’È º÷È ß ªî ¥ Ωï ‡ ªóò Õ ¬‡πà “
∫“¥·º≈„À≠àπâÕ¬ ·≈–ªî¥·°âæ‘…· ∫
√âÕπ∑”„À⇬Áπ.
À≈— ° ∞“π∑“ߪ√–«— µ‘ » “ µ√å
 ¡—¬Õ¬ÿ∏¬“
À≈— ° ∞“π„π√— ™  ¡— ¬  ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–
π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™¡‘‰¥â„Àâ√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥
‡°’ˬ«°—∫ ÿ¢Õπ“¡—¬·≈–‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫
¢Õß™“«°√ÿß»√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“¡“°π—°, ∑√“∫
°—π·µà«“à ¡’¬“à πªÉ“¬“¢“¬‡§√◊ÕË ß¬“‰∑¬
·≈–‡§√◊ÕË ß‡∑»∑ÿ°™π‘¥, ¡’‚√ßæ√–‚Õ ∂
¢ÕßÀ≈«ß∑’˪√ÿ߬“„™â„π√“™ ”π—°·≈–
„π°Õß∑— æ .  ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–π“√“¬≥å
¡À“√“™‡Õß∑√ß¡’ æ √–‚√§ª√–®”
æ√–Õß§å §◊ Õ æ√–‚√§‡ â π Õ— π ∑惰
(§◊Õ§«“¡º‘¥ª√°µ‘¢ÕßÕ—≥±–∑’∫Ë «¡‚µ
Õ“®®–‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰ â‡≈◊ËÕπ °“√Õ—°‡ ∫
À√◊Õ°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ∑”„À⪫¥).  ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–√“™Õπÿ™“æ√–ÕߧåÀπ÷Ëߪ√–™«√
¥â « ¬æ√–‚√§Õ— ¡ 擵æ√–À— µ ∂å · ≈–
æ√–∫“∑„™â°“√‰¡à‰¥â. ∫“ߧ√—È߇°‘¥
‚√§√–∫“¥„À≠à ‡™àπ ‰¢â∑√æ‘… ´÷Ëß
§√à“™’«‘µºŸâ§π‰ª‡ªìπÕ—π¡“°. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°‘¥
¿“«–·Àâß·≈âß ≈”πÈ”¢ÿàπ‡ªìπ ’‡¢’¬«
®π„™âÕÿª‚¿§∫√‘‚¿§‰¡à‰¥â Õ“°“»√âÕπ
®—¥ ‡°‘¥‰¢â∑’Ë¡’‚≈À‘µÕÕ°∑“ߪ“°·≈–
®¡Ÿ° ºŸâªÉ«¬®–µ“¬¿“¬„π Ú-Û «—π.
∫“∑À≈«ß·≈–¡‘™™—ππ“√’∑’ˇ¢â“¡“‡º¬
·æ√à » “ π“§√‘   µå ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°≈ÿà ¡
‚√¡— 𠧓∑Õ≈‘ ° ®“°Ω√—Ë ß ‡»  ®–¡’
°ÿ»‚≈∫“¬„π°“√π”·æ∑¬å¡“µ—È߇ªìπ
‚√ß欓∫“≈‡≈Á ° Ê √— ∫ √— ° …“§π‰¢â
‡¡◊ÕË √—°…“‚√§¿—¬∑“ß°“¬À“¬ π—° Õπ
»“ π“°Á®–√—°…“®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥µàÕ‰ª.
‡¡◊ËÕÀ≈—°∞“π∑“ߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√åΩÉ“¬
¯ˆÚ
‰∑¬¡’πâÕ¬ °Á®”‡ªìπµâÕßæ÷ËßÀ≈—°∞“π
¢Õß™“«µà “ ߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë ‡ ¢â “ ¡“‡®√‘ ≠
 —¡æ—π∏‰¡µ√’°—∫√“™ ”π—°‰∑¬„π√—™-
 ¡—¬ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™ ∑’Ë
¡—°®–∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈Õ—π‡ªìπ ‘Ëß≈–Õ—πæ—π
≈–πâÕ¬ ·µà‡¡◊ËÕª√–¡«≈°—π‡¢â“°ÁæÕ®–
„Àâ¿“æ√«¡¢Õß ÿ¢Õπ“¡—¬·≈–‚√§¿—¬
‰¢â‡®Á∫¢Õß™“«°√ÿß»√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“‰¥â¡“°
°«à “ ∑’Ë ª √“°Ø„πµ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–
π“√“¬≥å.
∫—π∑÷°¢Õß™“«µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
π“¬´’¡Õß ‡¥Õ ≈“≈Ÿ·∫√å ∫“∑-
À≈«ß‡¥Õ ™—«´’ 𓬬Õ√å® ‰«∑å ·≈–
𓬇´‡∫‡√µå ‰¥â‡¢’¬π∫—π∑÷°‡°’ˬ«°—∫
™’ «‘ µ §«“¡‡ªì π Õ¬Ÿà ¢ ÕߺŸâ § π∑’Ë ‡ ¢“‰¥â
æ∫‡ÀÁπ. ·¡â«à“∫ÿ§§≈‡À≈à“π’È®–‡¢â“¡“
Õ¬Ÿà„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡æ’¬ß™—Ë«√–¬–‡«≈“
Õ—π —Èπ Õ“®‰¥â√—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∫“ßÕ¬à“߉¡à
∂Ÿ°µâÕßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à‡æ’¬ßæÕ À√◊ÕÕ“®æ‘π‘®
«‘ ∂’ ™’ «‘ µ ¢Õß§πµ–«— π ÕÕ°Õ¬à “ ߢ“¥
§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π√“°∞“π∑“ß«—≤π∏√√¡.
·µà√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥∑’ˇ¢“∫—π∑÷°‰«â‰¥â™à«¬
‡µ‘ ¡ ‡µÁ ¡ „π™à Õ ß«à “ ß∑’Ë À ≈— ° ∞“πΩÉ “ ¬
‰∑¬¡‘‰¥â π„®∫—π∑÷°‰«â‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’
¥— ß ®–¢Õ¬°µ— « Õ¬à “ ß®“°∫— π ∑÷ ° ¢Õß
π“¬´’¡Õß ‡¥Õ ≈“≈Ÿ·∫√å.
π“¬´’¡Õß ‡¥Õ ≈“≈Ÿ·∫√å ‡ªìπ
Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ¢Õß ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“À≈ÿ¬ å∑Ë’
ÒÙ ·ÀàßΩ√—Ë߇»  ∑’ˇ¢â“¡“„π√—™ ¡—¬
 ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–π“√“¬≥å ¡ À“√“™ ‰¥â
∫—π∑÷°‡°’¬Ë «°—∫ ç√“™Õ“≥“®—°√ ¬“¡é
„π∑ÿ°·ßà∑ÿ°¡ÿ¡‰«âÕ¬à“ßπà“ π„® ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–‡√◊Ë Õ ß‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√·æ∑¬å · ≈–
‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫¢Õß™“«°√ÿß»√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“.
‡¢“∫—π∑÷°‰«â«à“ §πÕ“¬ÿ‰¡à Ÿâ®–¬◊ππ—°.
‚√§∑’ˇªìπ°—π¡“°§◊Õ ‚√§ªÉ«ß ∫‘¥ ‰¢â
‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫„π√—™ ¡—¬ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

µ—«√âÕπ (‰¢â®—∫ —Ëπ) ∑’Ëæ‘…Õ“®·≈àπ¢÷Èπ
 Ÿà ¡Õß°≈“¬‡ªìπ‚√§ªÕ¥∫«¡‰¥â ‰Õ
À«—¥ ‰ÕÀÕ∫ ‚√§∫«¡∑ÿ°™π‘¥ ‰¢¢âÕ
Õ—°‡ ∫ ¡–‡√Áß Ωï‚æ√ßÀπÕß·≈–ª√«¥
‰ø≈“¡∑ÿßà ‚√§º‘«Àπ—ß ‡ªìπ·º≈º◊πË µ“¡
µ—« °“¡‚√§. ‚√§∑’ˇªìπ°—ππâÕ¬§◊Õ
‚√§ª«¥µ“¡¢âÕ ≈¡Õ—¡æ“µ ≈¡∫â“À¡Ÿ
«—≥‚√§ªÕ¥ ‚√§ª«¥¡«π∑âÕß∑ÿ°™π‘¥
‰µÕ—°‡ ∫ ‰¡à¡’‚√§≈—°ªî¥≈—°‡ªî¥·≈–
‚√§∑âÕß¡“π. ‚√§µ‘¥µàÕ√⓬·√ß¡’
À≈“¬™π‘¥ ‡™àπ ‚√§Ω肋… (‰¢â∑√æ‘…)
®–ΩíߺŸâµ“¬‚¥¬‰¡à‡º“‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Û ªï
À√◊Õπ“π°«à“π—Èπ ¥â«¬‡™◊ËÕ«à“À“°¢ÿ¥
¢÷Èπ¡“‡º“‡√Á«°«à“∑’Ë°”Àπ¥‰¢â∑√æ‘…
®–°≈—∫√–∫“¥¢÷Èπ¡“Õ’°. πÕ°®“°π’È
¬—ß¡’‚√§ª√–À≈“¥Ê À≈“¬™π‘¥∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ
°—π«à“∂Ÿ°§ÿ≥‰ ¬.
𓬇¥Õ ≈“≈Ÿ·∫√å °≈à“««à“ À¡Õ
™“«‰∑¬‰¡à¡§’ «“¡√Ÿ¥â “â π»—≈¬°√√¡‡≈¬
®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ßæ÷Ë ß À¡Õ™“«¬ÿ ‚ √ª„π°“√
‡®“–°√–¥Ÿ°, ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß°“√
‡®“–°–‚À≈°»’√…–, °“√ºà“µ—¥∑’¬Ë “°Ê,
°“√ Ÿ ∫ ‡Õ“‚≈À‘ µ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π æ‘ … ÕÕ°®“°
√à“ß°“¬, ‰¡à¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ∑“ß°“¬«‘¿“§
»“ µ√å ‰¡à¡’°“√ºà“»æ. ∫—π∑÷°∫“ß
µÕπ‰¥â ·  ¥ß∂÷ ß ¡ÿ ¡ ¡ÕßÕ— π §— ∫ ·§∫
·≈–¢“¥§«“¡‡¢â“„® ‡™àπ∫—π∑÷°µÕπ
∑’°Ë ≈à“««à“ À¡Õ‰∑¬‰¡à»°÷ …“ √√æ§ÿ≥
¢Õßµ—«¬“·µà≈–™π‘¥ ‰¥â·µà∂◊Õ‡Õ“µ“¡
µ”√—∫∑’ Ë ß—Ë  Õπ°—πµàÕÊ ¡“ ‰¡à¥≈Ÿ °— …≥–
Õ“°“√‡©æ“–¢Õß‚√§·µà≈–‚√§ ç·¡â
°√–π—È π °Á ¬— ß ∫”∫— ¥ „Àâ À “¬‰ª‰¥â ¡‘ „ ™à
πâÕ¬. ∑—Èßπ’È °Á‡æ√“–™“« ¬“¡‰¡à§àÕ¬
¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥÕߢÕ߇¡“¡“°π—° ®÷߇ªìπ
‡§√◊ËÕߙ૬„Àâæâπ¿—¬®“°‚√§∑’Ë√—°…“
„ÀâÀ“¬‰¥â¬“°‡ªìπÕ—π¡“°é.
«‘∏’√—°…“‰¢â®–‡√‘Ë¡∑”„À⇠â𠓬
¬◊¥¥â«¬°“√„™â‡∑ⓇÀ¬’¬∫ ¡’°“√„™â¬“
√–∫“¬ ‡¢â“°√–‚®¡Õ∫„Àâ‡Àß◊ËÕÕÕ°.
¬“·°â‰¢âª√ÿߢ÷Èπ®“°·√à·≈– ¡ÿπ‰æ√
‡ªìπæ◊Èπ ¡—°‡ªìπ¬“√âÕπ ‰¡à√Ÿâ®—°µ—«¬“
∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡¬Áπ„π√à“ß°“¬ ·µà
®–„™â«‘∏’Õ“∫πÈ”‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâµ—«‡¬Áπ„π‡«≈“
®—∫‰¢â. Õ“À“√¢Õߧπ‰¢â„Àâ°‘π·µà
¢â“«µâ¡‡≈–Ê.  à«ππÈ”µâ¡‡π◊ÈÕ∂◊Õ«à“
‡ªìπ¢Õß· ≈ß.
·æ∑¬å À ≈«ßª√–®”æ√–Õߧå
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™ à«π¡“°
‡ªìπ™“«®’π ¡’À¡Õ™“«‰∑¬·≈–™“«
æ–‚§ (¡Õ≠) Õ¬Ÿ∫à “â ß ·≈–¡’𓬂ª¡“√å¥
(Paumard) ™“«Ω√—Ë߇»  ºŸâ‡ªìπ§√Ÿ
 Õπ»“ π“§√‘ µ—ßΩÉ“¬§ƒÀ— ∂å ‡ªìπ
·æ∑¬åÀ≈«ßª√–®”æ√–Õߧå ç∑’Ë∑√ß
‰«â « “ßæ√–√“™Àƒ∑— ¬ ¬‘Ë ß °«à “ ·æ∑¬å
À≈«ß§πÕ◊ËπÊé.
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ·¡â∫—π∑÷°∑’ˇ°’ˬ«
°—∫°“√·æ∑¬å·≈–°“√√—°…“‚√§¿—¬‰¢â
‡®Á∫¢Õß𓬇¥Õ ≈“≈Ÿ·∫√å ÕÕ°®–¡’
¡ÿ¡¡Õß∑’ˇµÁ¡‰ª¥â«¬Õ§µ‘. ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ
°≈—Ëπ°√Õ߇Փ‡©æ“– “√– ”§—≠·≈–
„™âª√–°Õ∫°—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥â“πÕ◊ËπÊ °Á®–„Àâ
§«“¡√Ÿâ‡°’ˬ«°—∫«‘∂’™’«‘µ§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà
·≈– ÿ¢Õπ“¡—¬¢Õß™“«°√ÿß»√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“
‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’.
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Ò. ™¬—πµå 摇™’¬√ ÿπ∑√, ·¡âπ¡“  ™«≈‘µ, «‘‡™’¬√
®’ √ «ß å . §”Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬µ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–
π“√“¬≥å ©∫—∫‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘ ˜Ú æ√√…“
¡À“√“™“ ı ∏—𫓧¡ æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÙÚ.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ: ∫√‘…—∑Õ¡√‘π∑√åæ√‘Èπµ‘Èß·Õπ¥å
æ—∫≈‘™™‘Ëß ®”°—¥ (¡À“™π), ÚıÙÙ.
Ú.  —πµå ∑. ‚°¡≈∫ÿµ√ ºŸ·â ª≈. ®¥À¡“¬‡Àµÿ
≈“≈Ÿ·∫√å ©∫—∫ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‡≈à¡ Ò. °√ÿ߇∑æœ:
°â“«Àπâ“, ÚıÒ.
Û. Àπ૬¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ¡ÿπ‰æ√ §≥–‡¿ —™»“ µ√å
¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ¡À‘ ¥ ≈. »— æ ∑å · æ∑¬å ‰ ∑¬.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : ∫√‘…∑— ª√–™“™π ®”°—¥, ÚıÛı.

Abstract Illness in Phra Narai’s Reign

Songsarn Nilkumhaeng, Somchai Bovornkitti
The Royal Institute, Thailand
Knowledge of illnesses in Thailand has been shown to exist long before the Sukhothai period
as documented in the ancient book entitled “Triphumikatha”. Subsequent indication of medical
practice in ancient Thailand appear in inscriptions and especially in a notable Phra Narai pharmaco-
poeia, which was recently elaborated upon by Chayant Picheansunthorn and his colleagues. The
latter extensively provides substantial knowledge regarding illnesses in that period, i.e. aspects of
diseases and their clinical manifestations, medications used, and medical personnel who prepared
drugs and provided treatment for King Narai and his relatives. Additional information was ex-
tracted from a personal record, a sort of diary, of Monsieur Simon de la Lubère.
Key words : illnesses, Phra Narai pharmacopoeia, Sukhothai period, Phra Narai’s reign

∑√ß √√§å π‘≈°”·Àß,  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘

¯ˆÛ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

Õ¿‘∏“π»—æ∑å
°√–…—¬°≈àÕπ (°√– “¬°≈àÕπ) °√–…—¬ ‡ªìπ‚√§∑’∑Ë ”„Àâ¡Õ’ “°“√ºÕ¡·Àâß·√ßπâÕ¬ ‚≈À‘µ®“ß º‘«Àπ—ß´’¥‡À≈◊Õß
ª«¥‡¡◊ËÕ¬µ“¡√à“ß°“¬·≈–°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ ‰Õ‡ªìπ§√—Èߧ√“« ∫“ߧ√—È߉Շªìπ‡≈◊Õ¥
°‘π‰¡à‰¥âπÕπ‰¡àÀ≈—∫ ªí  “«–‡À≈◊Õß °–ª√‘∫°–ª√Õ¬ ‰¡à¡’°”≈—ß ™“∑’Ë
ª≈“¬¡◊Õª≈“¬‡∑â“ ¡’‡Àß◊ËÕÕÕ°∑’ËΩÉ“¡◊ÕΩÉ“‡∑â“ ‡Àß◊ËÕÕÕ°¡“°µÕπ°≈“ߧ◊π
∑âÕߺŸ°‡ªìπª√–®” ‡ªìπµâπ.
°√–…—¬°≈àÕπ ‡°‘¥®“°§«“¡º—π·ª√À√◊Õº‘¥ª√°µ‘¢Õß∏“µÿ∑—Èß ’Ë·≈–‡ âπ
‡ÕÁπ §◊Õ °√–…—¬°≈àÕπ¥‘π (‡°‘¥®“°∏“µÿ¥‘π) °√–…—¬°≈àÕππÈ” (‡°‘¥®“°∏“µÿ
πÈ”) °√–…—¬°≈àÕπ‰ø (‡°‘¥®“°∏“µÿ‰ø) °√–…—¬°≈àÕπ≈¡ (‡°‘¥®“°∏“µÿ≈¡)
°√–…—¬°≈àÕπ‡∂“ (‡°‘¥®“°‡ âπ‡ÕÁπ). (¥Ÿ ‡µ‚™∏“µÿæ‘°“√, ª∂«’∏“µÿæ‘°“√,
«“‚¬∏“µÿæ‘°“√, Õ“‚ª∏“µÿæ‘°“√ ª√–°Õ∫).
°√–…—¬°≈àÕπ¥‘π (‰ â‡≈◊ËÕπÕ‘π‰°«π—≈).
°√–…—¬°≈àÕππÈ” (‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°¡¥≈Ÿ°À√◊Õ√—߉¢à, ‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°ªÕ¥„πºŸâ™“¬).
°√–…—¬°≈àÕπ‰ø
Ò. ¿“«–°√¥‡°‘π.
Ú. ‚√§∂ÿßπÈ”¥’.
°√–…—¬°≈àÕπ≈¡ (∑âÕßÕ◊¥ ∑âÕ߇øÑÕ).
°√–…—¬°≈àÕπ‡∂“ (π‘Ë«∑“߇¥‘πªí  “«–).
‰¢âµ√’‚∑… °≈ÿ¡à Õ“°“√‚√§∑’‡Ë °‘¥®“°§«“¡∫°æ√àÕߢÕß∏“µÿ Û Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ «“µ– (≈¡) ªîµµ–
(¥’) ·≈–‡ ¡À—ß (‡ ¡À–). °“√‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬∑’ˇ°‘¥æ√âÕ¡°—π®“° ¡ÿØ∞“π∑—Èß “¡
π’ȇ√’¬°«à“ ç —ππ‘∫“µé.
‰¢â —ππ‘∫“µ ¥Ÿ ‰¢âµ√’‚∑….
®—∫‚ªß Õ“°“√∫«¡·¥ß·≈–ª«¥∑’Ë¢âÕ‡¢à“ ¢âÕ‡∑â“.
®ÿ°°√–º“¡¡â“¡¬âÕ¬, Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§∑’¡Ë “â ¡‚µ.
®ÿ°°√–º“¡¡â“¡‡√◊ÈÕ¬
©—ππ«ÿµµ‘‚√§ ‚√§ ˘ˆ ª√–°“√ ¬—߉¡àæ∫À≈—°∞“π™—¥«à“¡’‚√§„¥∫â“ß.
´“ß ‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ „π‡¥Á°Õ“¬ÿµË”°«à“ ı ¢«∫ ¡’Õ“°“√‰¡à°π‘ π¡ ‰¡à°π‘ ¢â“« ‰Õ Õ“‡®’¬π
ª«¥»’√…– µ—«√âÕ𠇙◊ËÕ¡´÷¡ ¡◊Õ‡∑Ⓡ¬Áπ ∑âÕߢ÷Èπ ∑âÕ߇¥‘π °√–À“¬πÈ” ª“°
§Õ·Àâß ¡’‡¡Á¥¢÷Èπ„𪓰„π§Õ ≈‘Èπ‡ªìπΩÑ“.
¥’°”‡√‘∫ ¥’√—Ë« ¥’¢âπÀ√◊Õ¥’≈âπ Õ“°“√‚√§∑’‡Ë °‘¥®“°πÈ”¥’º¥‘ ª√°µ‘ ¡—°¡’‡Àµÿ·≈–Õ“°“√π” Ò ª√–°“√§◊Õ °‘π
Õ“À“√√âÕπ ‰¡à°‘πÕ“À“√‡¬Á𠇫âπ ‘Ë߇ª√’Ȭ« æÕ„®¢Õ߇ºÁ¥√âÕπ∫Ÿ¥‡πà“ ¡—°
º‘߉ø‰¡àÀ¬ÿ¥ ™Õ∫¥◊Ë¡πÈ”√âÕπ ¡—°‚°√∏‡¡◊ËÕ‡«≈“‡∑’Ë¬ß ¡—°°‘π‡«≈“°≈“ߧ◊π
πÕπ´¡‰¡àÕ¬“°µ◊Ëπ ¡’‡ ’¬ß°√π ™Õ∫Õ“∫πÈ”‡«≈“°≈“ߧ◊π πÕπ‰¡àÀ≈—∫,

‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫„π√—™ ¡—¬ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™
¯ˆÙ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

·≈–¡’Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§ Òı ª√–°“√ §◊Õ ‡ªìπ‰¢â Ÿß ª«¥»’√…– øíπ·Àâß §Õ·Àâß

°√–À“¬πÈ”¡“° √âÕπ„𪓰 √‘¡Ω望°·µ° √âÕπ®¡Ÿ° √âÕπÀπâ“·µà‰¡à¡’‡Àß◊ËÕ
查æ√Ë”‡æâÕ  µ‘øíòπ‡øóÕπ‡π◊ËÕß®“°æ‘…‰¢â Ÿß √Ÿâ ÷°‰¡à ∫“¬„® °“√¡Õ߇ÀÁπ¥’
°«à“ª√°µ‘ µ“‡À≈◊Õß ªí  “«–‡À≈◊Õß «‘߇«’¬π Õ“‡®’¬π‡ªìπ§√—Èߧ√“« √Ÿâ ÷°
¢¡„𪓰. ªí®®ÿ∫—πÀ¡“¬∂÷ß‚√§¥’´à“π ´÷ËßÕ“®‡°‘¥®“°µ—∫Õ—°‡ ∫À√◊Õ∑“ß
‡¥‘ππÈ”¥’Õÿ¥µ—π.
Ò. ‚√§√–∫∫πÈ”¥’.
Ú. ‚√§¥’´à“π.
µ–¡Õ¬¡’µ«— Ωï∑’Ëπ‘È«¡◊ÕÀ√◊Õπ‘È«‡∑â“∑’Ë¡’Õ“°“√Õ—°‡ ∫µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ·≈–·µ°ÕÕ°¡’ÀπÕß.
µ“π ‚√§¢Õ߇¥Á°Õ“¬ÿ ı ¢«∫¢÷Èπ‰ª ‚∫√“≥·∫à߇ªìπ Ú ª√–‡¿∑ §◊Õ
(Ò) µ“π¢‚¡¬ µ“π‚®√ À√◊Õµ“π´“ß (¥Ÿ ∑âÕß√ÿâßæÿß¡“π ª√–°Õ∫).
(Ú) µ“π®√ ¡—°‡°‘¥°—∫‡¥Á°Õ“¬ÿ Û ‡¥◊Õπ∂÷ß ˜ ¢«∫ ¡’À≈“¬™π‘¥ ‡™àπ
µ“π®√™◊ÕË ç°–√–é ¡’Õ“°“√≈ß∑âÕßÕ¬à“ß·√ß Õÿ®®“√–‡ªìπ ’¢“« µ“ø“ß Õ“‡®’¬π
®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥∑âÕß ª«¥∑âÕßÕ¬à“ß·√ß Õ“®¡’ÀπÕπ欓∏‘ÕÕ°¡“∑“ߪ“°À√◊Õ∑«“√
Àπ—°. ∂â“·°â‰¡à‰¥âÕ“®∑”„Àâ∂÷ßµ“¬‰¥â.
‡µ‚™∏“µÿæ‘°“√, ‡µ‚™∏“µÿ«‘°“√ §«“¡º—π·ª√À√◊Õº‘¥ª√°µ‘¢Õß∏“µÿ‰ø ´÷ßË ‡ªìπæ≈—ßß“π∑’„Ë À⧫“¡Õ∫Õÿπà „™â„π
°“√‡º“º≈“≠Õ“À“√„π√à“ß°“¬ ∑”„À⇰‘¥Õ“°“√ (Ò) √âÕπ∑’˪≈“¬¡◊Õª≈“¬
‡∑â“ ‡®Á∫ª«¥ ∫«¡µ“¡¡◊Õ‡∑â“„∫Àπâ“·≈–∫√‘‡«≥∑âÕß ¡’º◊Ëπ¢÷Èπ∑—Èßµ—«‡À¡◊Õπ
º¥ µ°‡≈◊Õ¥µ°ÀπÕß ¡◊Õ·≈–‡∑Ⓡªìπ‡ÀπÁ∫™“ À√◊Õ (Ú) ∑”„À⇰‘¥Õ“°“√
Õ÷¥Õ—¥‰¡à ∫“¬„πµ—« À◊¥ ‰Õ ‡ªìπ¡Õߧ√àÕ À“¬„®≈”∫“° À≈Õ¥≈¡‚ªÉßæÕß
∑âÕßÕ◊¥∑âÕߢ÷πÈ ∫«¡µ“¡¡◊Õµ“¡‡∑â“ ¡—°®–πÕπÀ≈—∫µ—ßÈ ·µà„π‡«≈“°≈“ß«—π À√◊Õ
(Û) ‰¡àÕ¬“°Õ“À“√ ∑âÕߺŸ° ∑âÕ߇¥‘π Õ“‡®’¬π ·πàπ∑âÕß ·πàπÕ° ≈¡‡¥‘¡
‰¡à –¥«°‡°‘¥‡ªìπ°âÕπ≈¡„π∑âÕß ª«¥À—« º‘«‡π◊ÈÕ·≈–µ“·¥ß Õÿ®®“√–
ªí  “«–‰¡à –¥«° ∑âÕߺŸ°™π‘¥æ√√¥÷° ª«¥¡«π∑âÕß¡“°.
∑âÕß√ÿâßæÿß¡“π (∑âÕß√ÿâßæÿß¡“√) Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§µ“π¢‚¡¬ µ“π‚®√ À√◊Õµ“π´“ß ¡—°‡°‘¥°—∫‡¥Á°Õ“¬ÿ ı-ÒÛ
ªï ‡ªì𧫓¡º‘¥ª√°µ‘¢Õß√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πÕ“À“√‡π◊ËÕß®“°æ¬“∏‘≈”‰ â, ¿“«–
∑ÿ‚¿™π“ ¡’Õ“°“√∑âÕ߇¥‘π Õÿ®®“√–°–ª√‘∫°–ª√Õ¬¡’°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Á𧓫®—¥ ™Õ∫
¢Õß· ≈ߢÕß ¥§“«µà“ßÊ ¡—°°‘πª≈“¡“°°«à“¢â“« °‘πÕ“À“√‰¡à§àÕ¬‰¥â.
µàÕ‰ª¡—°®–Õÿ®®“√–‡ªìπ¡Ÿ°‡≈◊Õ¥ ∑”„À⇥Á°´Ÿ∫´’¥ ºÕ¡·Àâß ·√ßπâÕ¬ æÿß‚√
°âπªÕ¥ »’√…–‚µ ¡’Àπ—ßÀÿâ¡°√–¥Ÿ° πÕπ –¥ÿâß À≈—∫Ê µ◊ËπÊ ¢’È¢≈“¥°≈—«
µ°„®ßà“¬.
∏“µÿ«µ— ∂ÿ ·√à∏“µÿµ“à ß Ê ∑’πË ”¡“„™â‡ªìπ‡§√◊ÕË ß¬“ ∑—ßÈ ∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ ‡Õß„π∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈–∑’ªË √– ¡
¢÷πÈ .

∑√ß √√§å π‘≈°”·Àß,  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘

¯ˆı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

ª∂«’∏“µÿæ‘°“√, ª∂«’∏“µÿ«‘°“√ §«“¡º—π·ª√À√◊Õº‘¥ª√°µ‘¢Õß∏“µÿ¥‘𠇪ìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫„π à«π∑’ˇªìπ

‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß√à“ß°“¬ §◊Õ (Ò) º¡ ∂â“æ‘°“√®–¡’Õ“°“√‡®Á∫µ“¡Àπ—ß»’√…–
º¡√à«ß º¡ÀßÕ°°àÕπ«—¬, (Ú) ¢π ∂â“æ‘°“√®–¡’Õ“°“√‡®Á∫µ“¡º‘«Àπ—ß ·≈–
¢π√à«ß, (Û) ‡≈Á∫ ∂â“æ‘°“√®–¡’Õ“°“√ª«¥À√◊Õ‡ªìπ‡¡Á¥‡ªìπÀπÕß∑’Ë‚§π‡≈Á∫,
(Ù) øíπ ¡’ Ú ™ÿ¥ ™ÿ¥·√°‡√’¬° øíππÈ”π¡ ¡’ Ú ´’Ë ™ÿ¥∑’Ë Ú ‡√’¬° øíπ·∑â ¡’
ÛÚ ´’Ë ∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„Àâøíπºÿ ¡’Õ“°“√ª«¥øíπ, (ı) Àπ—ß ‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕßÀàÕÀÿâ¡
√à“ß°“¬ ∂â“æ‘°“√∑”„Àâ§—π  “° ™“ · ∫√âÕπµ“¡º‘«Àπ—ß, (ˆ) ‡π◊ÈÕ ∂â“
æ‘°“√‡π◊ÈÕ®–‡ªìπº◊Ëπ·¥ß ™È” · ∫√âÕ𠇪ìπÀŸ¥ ‰Ω æ√“¬¬È” (˜) ‡ âπ‡ÕÁπ
∂â“æ‘°“√®–µ÷ß ‡§≈Á¥ ¢—¥¬Õ°, (¯) °√–¥Ÿ° ∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„À⇮Á∫ª«¥„π
°√–¥Ÿ° °√–¥Ÿ°·µ° °√–¥Ÿ°À—°, (˘) ‰¢°√–¥Ÿ° ∂â“æ‘°“√®–¡’Õ“°“√‡ÀπÁ∫™“,
(Ò) ¡â“¡ ∂â“æ‘°“√®–¡’Õ“°“√ –∑â“π√âÕπ –∑â“πÀπ“« ¡â“¡¬âÕ¬, (ÒÒ) À—«„®
∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„À⢒Ȅ®πâÕ¬ ¢’È‚¡‚À À‘«∫àÕ¬Ê, (ÒÚ) µ—∫ ∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„Àâµ—∫
¬âÕ¬ µ—∫™È” µ—∫·¢Áß ‡ªìπΩï∑’˵—∫, (ÒÛ) æ—ߺ◊¥ ∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„ÀâÕ°·Àâß
°√–À“¬πÈ”, (ÒÙ) ‰µ ∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„À⢗¥ ·πàπ„πÕ° ∑âÕßæÕß ÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬,
(Òı) ªÕ¥ ∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„Àâ°√–À“¬πÈ”∫àÕ¬ √âÕπ„πÕ° À“¬„®ÀÕ∫, (Òˆ)
≈”‰ â„À≠à ∂â“æ‘°“√®–·πàπ∑âÕß ∑âÕ߇ ’¬, (Ò˜) ≈”‰ â‡≈Á° À√◊Õ “¬√—¥‰ â
∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„ÀâÀ“« ‡√Õ ∂à“¬Õÿ®®“√–‡ªìπ‡≈◊Õ¥‡ªìπÀπÕß Àπâ“¡◊¥ µ“¡—«
ª«¥‡Õ« ‡¡◊ËÕ¬§Õ √âÕπ∑âÕß, (Ò¯) Õ“À“√„À¡à ‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π°√–‡æ“–
Õ“À“√·≈–≈”‰ â‡≈Á° ∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„Àâ∑Õâ ߇ ’¬ ®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥ æ–Õ◊¥æ–Õ¡ Õ“‡®’¬π
 –Õ÷°, (Ò˘) Õ“À“√‡°à“ ‡ªìπ°“°Õ“À“√∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π≈”‰ â„À≠àµÕπ≈à“ß·≈–µ°
ÕÕ°‰ª∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—° ∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„Àâ∂à“¬Õÿ®®“√–‰¡à‡ªìπª√°µ‘, (Ú) ¡—π
 ¡Õß ‡ªìπ°âÕπÕ¬Ÿà„π°–‚À≈°»’√…– ·≈–‰¢ —πÀ≈—ß µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß°—∫ª√– “∑
∑—Ë«‰ª„π√à“ß°“¬ ∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„ÀâÀŸµ÷ß µ“¡—« ≈‘Èπ°√–¥â“ß §“ß·¢Áß Õ“‡®’¬π.
ªÉ«ß Õ“°“√∑âÕ߇¥‘π√ÿπ·√ß√à«¡°—∫Õ“°“√Õ“‡®’¬π Õ“®®–‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õ“À“√‡ªìπæ‘…
µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ Õ“°“√· ¥ß®–·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ªµ“¡ “‡Àµÿ.
ªÑ“ß ‚√§‰¢â®—∫ —Ëπ™π‘¥‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß ¡—°‡ªìπ„π‡¥Á° ∑”„Àâæÿß‚µ‡æ√“–¡â“¡‚µ·≈–µ—∫‚µ ¡’
Õ“°“√‰¢âµ—«√âÕπ ®—∫‰¢â‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ∂⓪≈àÕ¬‰«âπ“π®–™—°.
Ω輪π∑¡“≈“, Ω輪≥±¡“≈“ Ωï¢÷Èπ∑’Ë§Õ „µâÀŸ À√◊Õ‚§π¢“°√√‰°√ ¡—°‡ªìπ°“√Õ—°‡ ∫¥â«¬‡°‘¥¡’ÀπÕß∑’Ë
√“°øíπ.
Ωï§π— ∑ Ÿµ, Ωï§≥
— ± Ÿµ√ Ωï∫√‘‡«≥ª“°∑«“√Àπ—° ¥â«¬‡°‘¥·º≈∑’Ë¡’∑àÕ∂÷ß∑«“√Àπ—°·≈–¡’ ‘Ëß °ª√°
‡¢â“‰ª„π∑àÕ ‡°‘¥‡ªìπΩï¢÷Èπ.
Ωïø°∑Ÿ¡, Ωïø°∑Ÿ¡„À≠à ‚√§§“ß∑Ÿ¡ ¡’Õ“°“√∫«¡∑’Ë¢“°√√‰°√∑—Èß Ú ¢â“ßÀ√◊Õ¢â“߇¥’¬« ¡’‰¢â µ—«√âÕπ
√âÕπ„π°√–À“¬πÈ”.
Ωï≈°Ÿ ÀπŸ Ωï∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‡¡Á¥πÈ”‡À≈◊Õß∫«¡‡ªìπ°âÕπ ¡—°æ∫∑’Ë‚§π¢“Àπ’∫À√◊Õ√—°·√â.

‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫„π√—™ ¡—¬ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™
¯ˆˆ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

æ√√¥÷° Õ“°“√∑âÕߺŸ°¡“° ∂à“¬‡ªìπ°âÕπ·¢Áß §≈⓬°âÕπ¢’È·æ– ¢’È·¡«.

惰…«—µ∂ÿ æ√√≥惰…™“µ‘π“π“™π‘¥ ∑—Èߪ√–‡¿∑µâπ ‡∂“ ‡§√◊Õ À—« º—° À≠â“ ·≈–æ◊™
摇»…‡™àπ‡ÀÁ¥·≈–æ◊™™—ÈπµË”Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕ߬“.
¡Õߧ√àÕ Õ“°“√∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¡’‡ ¡À–·ÀâßÕ¬Ÿà„πÀ≈Õ¥≈¡ ∑”„ÀâÀ“¬„®≈”∫“° À≈Õ¥≈¡
‚ªÉßæÕß ¡—°®–‰Õ¡“°„πµÕπ‡™â“ ‰Õ‡ ’¬ß°—ß«“π.
√‘¥ ’¥«ß (√‘»¥«ß) ‚√§°≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ëß Õ“®‡°‘¥„π≈”‰ â ™àÕßµ“ ®¡Ÿ° ∑«“√Àπ—° ‡ªìπµâπ.
∂Ⓡ°‘¥„π°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√·≈–≈”‰ â ‡√’¬° √‘¥ ’¥«ß≈”‰ â ¡’‡¡Á¥„π≈”‰ â
·≈–∑«“√Àπ—° Õ“‡®’¬π ∂à“¬Õÿ®®“√–‡ªìπ‡≈◊Õ¥.
∂Ⓡ°‘¥∑’™Ë Õà ßµ“ ‡√’¬° √‘¥ ’¥«ßµ“ ¡’π”È µ“‰À≈ ¢’µÈ “¡“° §—𠪫¥· ∫
ª«¥√âÕπ„𵓠∫“ß∑’¢Õ∫µ“‡ªóòÕ¬.
∂Ⓡ°‘¥∑’Ë®¡Ÿ° ‡√’¬° √‘¥ ’¥«ß®¡Ÿ° ¡’Õ“°“√À“¬„®¢—¥ ¡’πÈ”¡Ÿ°„ ‡À¡◊Õπ
πÈ”Ωπµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ∫“ß∑’¡’‡¡Á¥¢÷Èπ„π®¡Ÿ° ·µ°ÕÕ°¡’°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Áπ ∑”„À⪫¥
· ∫ª«¥√âÕπ¡“°.
∂Ⓡ°‘¥∑’∑Ë «“√Àπ—° ‡√’¬° √‘¥ ’¥«ß∑«“√Àπ—° ‡°‘¥®“°Õ“°“√∑âÕߺŸ°‡ ¡Õ
¡’‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°‡«≈“∂à“¬Õÿ®®“√–. ∑’Ë∑«“√Õ“®®–ßÕ°‡ªìπ°âÕπ‡π◊ÈÕ·¥ß ¡’‚≈À‘µ
‰À≈ ‡«≈“∂à“¬Õÿ®®“√–‡®Á∫ª«¥¡“°.
√‘¥ ’¥«ß°‘π„π‡≈Á∫æ√–À—µ∂å Àπ—ß ◊Õ§”Õ∏‘∫“¬µ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥å°≈à“««à“ πà“®–À¡“¬∂÷ß°“√
Õ—°‡ ∫∑’ˇ≈Á∫¥â«¬ “‡Àµÿµà“ßÊ ∑”„Àâ‡≈Á∫À≈ÿ¥.
≈¡°√–…—¬ (≈¡°√– “¬) ‚√§≈¡∑’ˇ°‘¥„πºŸâ„À≠à ¡’Õ“°“√§≈◊Ëπ‰ âÕ“‡®’¬π. ∂Ⓡªìπ¡“°®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ∫‘¥
‡°‘¥‚≈À‘µ·≈–‡ ¡À–.
≈¡ªÉ«ß ≈¡·√ß¿“¬„π∑âÕß∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‰ø∏“µÿ‡º“º≈“≠Õ“À“√∑’Ë°‘π‡¢â“‰ª‰¡à·À≈°
≈–‡Õ’¬¥ (Õ“À“√‰¡àà¬àÕ¬) ∑”„Àâ¡’Õ“°“√∑âÕß√à«ß ∑âÕ߇ ’¬ Õ“‡®’¬π (¥Ÿ ªÉ«ß
ª√–°Õ∫).
≈¡ªíµ¶“Ø ‡ªìπ≈¡∑’Ëæ—¥¢÷Èπ ∑”„Àâ¡’Õ“°“√‡®Á∫¢—¥¬Õ°µ“¡ –∫—°¢â“ß„¥¢â“ßÀπ÷Ëß À√◊Õ Ú
¢â“ßæ√âÕ¡°—𠇧≈◊ËÕπ‰À«‰¡à –¥«°.
≈¡æ√√¥÷° ≈¡∑’˧—ËßÕ¬Ÿà„π∑âÕß (∑âÕßÕ◊¥) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°∑âÕߺŸ° ∑”„Àâ®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥ ·πàπ °‘πÕ“À“√
‰¡à‰¥â.
≈¡¡À“ ¥¡¿å Ò. ≈¡∑’∑Ë ”„À⢓°√√‰°√·¢Áß.
Ú. ≈¡‡¡◊ÕË ·√°®—∫®–∑”„ÀâÀ“«πÕπ ßà«ß¡“° „®À«‘«Ê ·≈â«πÕπ·πàπßË‘ ‰¡à√ âŸ °÷ µ—«.
≈¡√“∑¬—°…å ≈¡∑’®Ë ∫— ‡¡◊ÕË ¡’‰¢â·≈â«®–∑”„Àâ™°— ¡◊Õ°”‡∑â“ßÕ ≈‘πÈ °√–¥â“ß §“ß·¢Áß §Õ·¢Áß ÀŸµß÷
µ“‡À≈◊Õß.

∑√ß √√§å π‘≈°”·Àß,  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘

¯ˆ˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

≈¡«‘À§ ≈¡∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¥’°”‡√‘∫Õ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß. ‡¡◊ËÕ®—∫Õ“®®–∑”„À⥑Èπ‰ª¡“‡À¡◊Õππ°

(ª«¥·∫∫‚§≈‘§).
≈¡ —π¥“π ≈¡ª√–®”µ—«¢Õß·µà≈–§π.
≈¡Õ‚∏§¡“«“µ“ ≈¡æ—¥≈ß ‡ªìπ≈¡∑’Ëæ—¥µ—Èß·µà»’√…–µ≈Õ¥ª≈“¬‡∑â“ ·≈–µ—Èß·µà≈”‰ â‡≈Á°≈߉ª
∂÷ß∑«“√Àπ—° ‡™àπ ≈¡º“¬ (µ¥).
≈¡Õ—¡æ“µ Õ“®À¡“¬∂÷ß
(Ò) ≈¡∑’Ë∑”„À⇧≈◊ËÕπ‰À«‰¡à‰¥â ·≈–¡’Õ“°“√°√–¥Ÿ°‡§≈◊ËÕπ.
(Ú) ≈¡∑’Ë®—∫µ—Èß·µà°âπ°∫¢÷Èπ‰ª∂÷ß√“«¢â“ß ®—∫À—«„® ∑”„Àâ¡÷π´÷¡ ·≈â«
¢÷Èπ‰ª∑’Ë√“«∫à“∑—Èß Õߢâ“ß ¢÷Èπ‰ª®—∫∑’˵âπ≈‘Èπ ∑”„Àâ查‰¡à‰¥âÀ√◊Õ查‰¡à™—¥.
≈¡Õÿ∑∏—ߧ¡“«“µ“ ≈¡æ—¥¢÷È𠇪ìπ≈¡∑’Ëæ—¥µ—Èß·µàª≈“¬‡∑⓵≈Õ¥»’√…– ·≈–®“°°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√
µ≈Õ¥≈”§Õ ‡™àπ ≈¡À“« ≈¡‡√Õ (¥Ÿ «“‚¬∏“µÿæ‘°“√ ª√–°Õ∫).
‚≈À‘µ°”‡√‘∫ Õ“°“√‚√§Õ—π‡°‘¥®“°‚≈À‘µ‡πà“‡ ’¬ ‡√’¬°Õ’°Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß«à“ ‚≈À‘µ∑ÿ®√‘µ‚∑… ¡’
ı ≈—°…≥– (Ò) ‚≈À‘µ√–¥Ÿ√â“ß √–¥Ÿ‰¡à¡“µ“¡ª√°µ‘ ¡’≈—°…≥–¥”‡À¡Áπ‡πà“
À√◊Õ‡À¡◊Õπ™“ππÈ”À¡“° πÈ”§“«ª≈“ πÈ”´“«¢â“« π“π‡¢â“°≈“¬‡ªìπ¡“π‚≈À‘µ
§◊ÕÕ“°“√∑âÕßæÕß‚µ ‡ªìπæ‘…®“°‚≈À‘µ, (Ú) ‚≈À‘µ§≈Õ¥∫ÿµ√ (πÈ”§“«ª≈“
‡ªìπæ‘…) ¡’Õ“°“√‚≈À‘µ§—Ë߇¥‘π‰¡à –¥«°‡ªìπ≈‘Ë¡‡ªìπ°âÕπ ∫“ß∑’∑”„Àâ§≈—Ëß
¢∫øí𠵓‡À≈◊Õ° ª“°‡¢’¬« ‡≈Á∫‡¢’¬« ¥—ߪ®‡¢â“ ‘ß, (Û) ‚≈À‘µµâÕß摶“µ
‡°‘¥®“°µ°µâπ‰¡â∂Ÿ°∑ÿ∫∂Õß‚∫¬µ’ ‡ªìπ‰¢âÀπ—° ‚≈À‘µπ—Èπ√–§π°—∫‚≈À‘µ√–¥Ÿ
®÷ß·Àâß°√—ßµ‘¥ —πÀ≈—ßÕ¬Ÿà, (Ù) ‚≈À‘µ‡πà“ (¿“«–‚≈À‘µ‡ªìπæ‘…) ‡°‘¥®“°
‚≈À‘µ√–¥Ÿ√â“ß ‚≈À‘µµâÕß摶“µ ·≈–‚≈À‘µÀ¡°™È”‡®◊Õ°—π‡πà“Õ¬Ÿà ‡°‘¥æ‘…
·≈àπ‰ª∑ÿ°¢ÿ¡¢π, (ı) ‚≈À‘µµ°À¡°™È” Õ“°“√‚≈À‘µ‡πà“∑’Ë„™â¬“·°â‰¡à∂÷ß
°”≈—ß‚≈À‘µ ®÷ßµ°À¡°™È”Õ¬Ÿ„à π‡ âπ‡ÕÁπ  —πÀ≈—ß À—«Àπà“« ‡°‘¥‚∑…‡ªìπΩﵓà ßÊ
·≈–¡“π‚≈À‘µ; ‡°‘¥®“°°“√√—°…“‰¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß.
‚≈À‘µ·§àπ √–¥Ÿ·Àâß À√◊Õ√–¥Ÿ‰¡à¡“.
«“‚¬∏“µÿæ°‘ “√, «“‚¬∏“µÿ«°‘ “√ §«“¡º—π·ª√À√◊Õº‘¥ª√°µ‘¢Õß∏“µÿ≈¡ ´÷Ë߇ªìπæ≈—ߢ—∫¥—π¿“¬„π√–∫∫¢Õß
√à“ß°“¬∑’Ë¡’°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π §◊Õ (Ò) ≈¡æ—¥¢÷Èπ (Õÿ∑∏—ߧ¡“«“µ“)
‡ªìπ≈¡∑’Ëæ—¥®“°ª≈“¬‡∑â“¢÷Èπ∂÷ß»’√…– ∂â“æ‘°“√®–¡’Õ“°“√√âÕπ„π∑âÕß ∑ÿ√π
∑ÿ√“¬ À“«‡√Õ ¡’‡ ¡À–, (Ú) ≈¡æ—¥≈ß (Õ‚∏§¡“«“µ“) ‡ªìπ≈¡∑’Ëæ—¥®“°
»’√…–≈ßµ≈Õ¥ª≈“¬‡∑â“ ∂â“æ‘°“√®–¬°¡◊Õ¬°‡∑Ⓣ¡à‰¥â ‡¡◊ËÕ¬¢∫‰ª∑ÿ°¢âÕ,
(Û) ≈¡„π∑âÕß ‡ªìπ≈¡∑’Ëæ—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π™àÕß∑âÕß ·µàπÕ°≈”‰ â ∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„Àâ
∑âÕß≈—Ëπ „® —Ëπ ‡¡◊ËÕ¬¢∫‰ª∑ÿ°¢âÕ, (Ù) ≈¡„π≈”‰ â ‡ªìπ≈¡∑’Ëæ—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π≈”‰ â
·≈–°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√ ∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„Àâ·πàπÀπâ“Õ° ®ÿ°‡ ’¬¥ §≈◊Ëπ‰ â Õ“‡®’¬π
‡∫◊ËÕÕ“À“√, (ı) ≈¡æ—¥„𰓬 ‡ªìπ≈¡∑’Ëæ—¥‰ª∑—Ë«√à“ß°“¬ ∂â“æ‘°“√®–∑”„Àâ

‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫„π√—™ ¡—¬ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™
¯ˆ¯
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

µ“≈“¬ Àπâ“¡◊¥ «‘߇«’¬π ‡®Á∫∑’ËÀπâ“¢“ ‡®Á∫∑’Ë°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß Õ“‡®’¬π¡’·µà≈¡

§√—Ëπ‡π◊ÈÕ§√—Ëπµ—« ‡∫◊ËÕÕ“À“√, (ˆ) ≈¡À“¬„® ∂â“æ‘°“√®–À“¬„®‰¡à –¥«°
À“¬„® —πÈ ‡¢â“®πÀ¬ÿ¥À“¬„®.
 —µ««—µ∂ÿ  —µ«åπ“π“™π‘¥‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ —µ«å∫°  —µ«åπÈ”  —µ«åÕ“°“» ∑—Èßµ—«À√◊Õ∫“ß à«π
∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕ߬“.
‡ âπÕ—π∑惰°√–¥â“ßµ÷ß ‡ âπ∑’«Ë ß‘Ë ®“°∑âÕßπâÕ¬‰ª∂÷ß∫—πÈ ‡Õ«∑—ßÈ Ú ¢â“ß ·≈â««‘ßË ‰ª∑’‚Ë §π≈‘πÈ ∑”„Àâ¡Õ’ “°“√
¡÷πµ÷ß ÀÕ∫ ßà«ß «‘߇«’¬π.
‰ â¥â«π ™“«∫â“π¡—°‡√’¬°≈÷ߧåÀ√◊ÕÕߧ™“µ‘«“à ‰ â. „πÀπ—ß ◊Õ§”Õ∏‘∫“¬µ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂
æ√–π“√“¬≥å °≈à“«‰«â‡ªìπ Ú §«“¡À¡“¬
(Ò) Õߧ™“µ¢“¥À√◊ÕÀ≈ÿ¥‰ª ¡—°‡°‘¥®“°°“¡‚√§∫“ß™π‘¥.
(Ú) º≈¢Õß‚√§µ‘¥µàÕ∑“߇滠—¡æ—π∏åª√–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ëß ‡√‘Ë¡®“°¡’‡¡Á¥‡∑à“
‡¡Á¥∂—Ë«¥”¢÷Èπ∑’˪≈“¬Õߧ™“µÀ√◊Õ√Õ∫Õߧ™“µ ·≈â«·µ°‡ªìππÈ”‡À≈◊Õß ª«¥
· ∫ª«¥√âÕπ ∑”„À⇪ìπ·º≈‡πà“µ—Èß·µàª≈“¬Õߧ™“µ≈“¡‰ª∂÷ß‚§πÕߧ™“µ
®–∑”„Àⵓ¬‰¥â. ‚∫√“≥«à“‰ â¥â«π‡°‘¥®“° Ù  “‡Àµÿ §◊Õ ®“°°“√‡ æ
‡¡∂ÿπ ” àÕπ‡ªìπ —≠®√‚√§, ®“°°“√‡ æ‡¡∂ÿπ°—∫ µ√’∑’Ë°”≈—ß¡’√–¥Ÿ, ®“°
°“√‡ æ‡¡∂ÿπ√ÿπ·√ßÀ—°‚À¡®πø°™È”, ·≈–®“°°“√‡ æ‡¡∂ÿπ°—∫ µ√’∑’ˇªìπ
°“¡‚√§. ‰ â¥â«ππà“®–‡ªìπ°“¡‚√§∑’Ëªí®®ÿ∫—π‡√’¬°«à“  ’¬åøî≈‘  (syphilis) (¥Ÿ
‰ â≈“¡ ª√–°Õ∫).
‰ â≈“¡ „πÀπ—ß ◊Õ§”Õ∏‘∫“¬µ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥å °≈à“«‰«â‡ªìπ Ú §«“¡À¡“¬
(Ò) ¡’·º≈≈ÿ°≈“¡∑’ËÕߧ™“µ.
(Ú) º≈¢Õß‚√§µ‘¥µàÕ∑“߇滠—¡æ—π∏åª√–‡¿∑Àπ÷ßË ¡’‡¡Á¥ºÿ¥®“°¿“¬„π
ÕÕ°¡“¿“¬πÕ°Õ«—¬«–‡æ»™“¬À√◊ÕÀ≠‘ß Õ“®≈ÿ°≈“¡®“°¿“¬„π∂÷ßÀ—«Àπà“«
·≈–∑âÕßπâÕ¬ºÿ¥‡ªìπΩï·µ°‡ªìπÀπÕßÕÕ°¡“∑“ß™àÕßªí  “«–. ‰ â≈“¡πà“
®–‡ªìπ°“¡‚√§∑’Ëªí®®ÿ∫—π‡√’¬°«à“ ÀπÕß„π (¥Ÿ ‰ â¥«â π ª√–°Õ∫).
Õߧ Ÿµ, Õߧ Ÿµ√ °≈ÿà¡¢Õß‚√§∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡º‘¥ª√°µ‘„π√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πªí  “«–·≈–Õ«—¬«–
 ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå¢ÕߺŸâ™“¬ ´÷Ëßπà“®–‡°‘¥®“°°“¡‚√§.
Õߧ ŸµÕÿª∑¡ ¥Ÿ Õÿª∑¡.
Õ‚∏§¡“«“µ“ Õ“°“√‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°«“‚¬∏“µÿ ∂â“Õ‚∏§¡“«“µ“·µ°À√◊Õæ‘°“√ ®–¡’Õ“°“√
¬°¡◊Õ¬°‡∑Ⓣ¡à‰¥â ‡¡◊ËÕ¬¢∫∑ÿ°¢âÕ°√–¥Ÿ° ‡®Á∫ª«¥¡“°.
Õ—π∑惰 Àπ—ß ◊Õ§”Õ∏‘∫“¬µ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥å °≈à“««à“ πà“®–‡ªìπ Õ—≥±æƒ°
À¡“¬∂÷ß §«“¡º‘¥ª√°µ‘¢ÕßÕ—≥±–∑’∫Ë «¡‚µ Õ“®‡π◊ÕË ß®“°‰ â‡≈◊ÕË π °“√Õ—°‡ ∫
À√◊Õ°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ∑”„À⪫¥.
Õ“‚ª∏“µÿæ‘°“√, Õ“‚ª∏“µÿ«‘°“√ §«“¡º—π·ª√À√◊Õº‘¥ª√°µ‘¢Õß∏“µÿπ”È ÒÚ Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ (Ò) πÈ”¥’ ∑”„Àâ¡Õ’ “°“√

∑√ß √√§å π‘≈°”·Àß,  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘

¯ˆ˘
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

ª«¥À—« µ—«√âÕπ ¡’‰¢â µ“‡À≈◊Õß ªí  “«–‡À≈◊Õß §≈ÿ⡧≈—Ëß ‡ ’¬®√‘µ,

(Ú) ‡ ≈¥À√◊Õ‡ ¡À– ∑”„Àâ¡’Õ“°“√‰Õ ‡®Á∫§Õ §Õ·Àâß ‡ªìπÀ◊¥ ºÕ¡‡À≈◊Õß
‡®Á∫· ∫Õ¬Ÿà„πÕ° Õÿ®®“√–‡ªìπ¡Ÿ°‡ªìπ‡≈◊Õ¥, (Û) πÈ”ÀπÕß ∑”„Àâ¡’Õ“°“√‰Õ
‡∫◊ÕË Õ“À“√ √à“ß°“¬´Ÿ∫ºÕ¡, (Ù) ‚≈À‘µÀ√◊Õ‡≈◊Õ¥ ∑”„Àâ¡Õ’ “°“√‰¢â ‡æâÕ§≈—ßË
ªí  “«–·¥ß ‡ªìπ‡¡Á¥µ“¡º‘«Àπ—ß, (ı) ‡Àß◊ËÕ ∑”„Àâµ—«‡¬Áπ ÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬,
(ˆ) ¡—π¢âπ ∑”„À⇪ìπµÿࡇªìπ·º≈ ¡’πÈ”‡À≈◊ÕßÕÕ° ª«¥· ∫ ª«¥√âÕπ,
(˜) πÈ”µ“ ∑”„À⇪ìπΩÑ“∑’˵“ πÈ”µ“‰À≈ µ“·©– µ“·¥ß µ“‡ªìπµâÕ, (¯) ¡—π
‡À≈« ∑”„À⺑«°“¬‡À≈◊Õß µ“‡À≈◊Õß ∑âÕ߇¥‘π, (˘) πÈ”≈“¬ ∑”„À⇮Á∫§Õ
‡ªìπ‡¡Á¥„π§Õ·≈–∑’Ë‚§π≈‘Èπ, (Ò) πÈ”¡Ÿ° ∑”„À⪫¥„π ¡Õß µ“¡—« πÈ”¡Ÿ°
‰À≈, (ÒÒ) πÈ”¡—π‰¢¢âÕ ∑”„À⇮Á∫µ“¡¢âÕ·≈–µ“¡°√–¥Ÿ°∑—Ë«µ—«, (ÒÚ) πÈ”
ªí  “«– ∑”„Àâªí  “«–‡ªìπ ’·¥ß ‡À≈◊Õß ¥” ¢“« ¢ÿàπ.
Õÿ∑∏—ߧ¡“«“µ“ Õ“°“√‚√§∑’‡Ë °‘¥®“°«“‚¬∏“µÿ ∂â“Õÿ∑∏—ߧ¡“«“µ“·µ°À√◊Õæ‘°“√ ®–¥‘πÈ √π∑ÿ√π
∑ÿ√“¬ ¡◊Õ‡∑â“¢«—°‰¢«à À“«·≈–‡√Õ∫àÕ¬Ê ‡ ¡À–ÕÕ°.
Õÿª∑¡ °≈ÿ¡à Õ“°“√‚√§∑’∑Ë ”„À⇰‘¥°“√Õ—°‡ ∫¢Õß∑àÕªí  “«–„πÕ«—¬«–‡æ»™“¬ ¡’ Ù
Õ¬à“ß (Ò) ‡°‘¥‡æ√“–‡ æ‡¡∂ÿπ°—∫ µ√’¬—߉¡à¡’√–¥Ÿ ¢à¡¢◊π°√–∑”™”‡√“¥â«¬
§«“¡°”Àπ—¥, (Ú) ‡°‘¥‡æ√“–‡ æ‡¡∂ÿπ°—∫À≠‘ß —≠®√‚√§ À√◊ÕÀ≠‘ß‚ ‡¿≥’
∑’ˇªìπ‚√§, (Û) ‡°‘¥‡æ√“–‚√§¥“π °√–…—¬°≈àÕπ ·≈–°“៵√ ¡—°‡°‘¥·µà
 –¥◊Õ≈߉ª∂÷ßÀ—«Àπà“« ‡√’¬°«à“ ‚√§ ”À√—∫∫ÿ√ÿ… ∫—߇°‘¥·°à∫ÿ§§≈∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï∑’Ë
¡‘‰¥â¡—°¡“°„π°“¡µ—≥À“ ¡’Õ“°“√Õߧ™“µ∫«¡ · ∫√âÕπ ªí  “«–‰¡à‰¥â
π“π‡¢â“°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡≈◊Õ¥ÀπÕ߉À≈ÕÕ°®“°∑àÕªí  “«– ∑”„À⇮Á∫ª«¥¡“°,
(Ù) ‡°‘¥‡æ√“–π‘Ë«. „πºŸâ™“¬¡—°‡°‘¥∑’˪≈“¬Õߧ™“µ ∫«¡·¢Á߇ªìπ¥“π ·≈â«
≈“¡‡¢â“‰ª„π∑àÕªí  “«–. „πºŸâÀ≠‘ßÕÕ°¡“®“°∑«“√§√√¿å (™àÕߧ≈Õ¥)
‡ªìπ¥—ߥ“° π“π‡¢â“≈“¡¡“∂÷ßÀ—«Àπà“« ∑”„Àâµ°‚≈À‘µ‡ªìπ≈‘Ë¡‡ªìπ·∑àß „Àâ
ª«¥À—«Àπà“«·≈–∑âÕßπâÕ¬‡À¡◊Õπ¥—ß®–¢“¥„®.

§”Õ∏‘∫“¬»—æ∑å·æ∑¬å‰∑¬‡À≈à“π’È ºŸâ π„®Õ“®»÷°…“‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡‰¥â
®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õ »—æ∑å·æ∑¬å‰∑¬ ¢ÕßÀπ૬¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ¡ÿπ‰æ√ §≥–‡¿ —™»“ µ√å
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ ·≈–Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬Õ◊ËπÊ.

‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫„π√—™ ¡—¬ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“√“¬≥å¡À“√“™
¯˜
∫—≠™√
¿“…“‰∑¬
»—æ∑å —∫ π
¡’»—æ∑å«‘™“°“√∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
À≈“¬§” ∑—È ß ¿“…“‰∑¬·≈–¿“…“
Õ—ß°ƒ… ∑’˺Ÿâ„™â¬—ß —∫ πÀ√◊Õ‰¡à‡¢â“„®
§«“¡À¡“¬∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß. ∫∑§«“¡π’ȉ¥â
®“°°“√√«∫√«¡»—æ∑åµ—«Õ¬à“ß®”π«π
Àπ÷ßË π”‡ πÕ‡æ◊ÕË À¬—ßË §«“¡‡ÀÁπºŸ â π„®
·≈–®–‰¥â√«∫√«¡µàÕÊ ‰ªµ“¡‚Õ°“  °âπ°∫Ò π. ª≈“¬°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß
Õ”π«¬ ®π°«à“®–§√∫∂â«π ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
∑’Ë ÿ¥.
»—æ∑å¿“…“‰∑¬∑’Ë„™â°—π —∫ π
°âπ °—∫ µŸ¥
°âπÒ π.  à«π‡∫◊ÈÕß≈à“ßÀ√◊Õ à«π
∑⓬¢Õß≈”µ—« (Àπâ“ ˆ).
µŸ¥Ò π. √Ÿ°πâ (Àπâ“ Ûıı); ¿“…“
 ÿ¿“æ ‡√’¬°∑«“√Àπ—° (Àπâ“ Û¯Ú).
buttockÚ n. one of the glu-
teal prominence, called also
breech (°âπ). (Àπâ“ ÚÙÚ).
anusÚ n. the distal or termi-
nal orifice of the alimentary ca-
nal (µŸ¥). (Àπâ“ ÒÚ).
¿“…“∑—Ë«‰ª °âπ À¡“¬∂÷ß à«π
¢Õß√à “ ß°“¬∑’Ë  — ¡ º—   °— ∫ æ◊È π ¢≥–π—Ë ß ,
Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«–,  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘
´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà∂—¥®“°µ–‚æ°≈ß¡“
À√◊Õ‡ªìπ∫√‘‡«≥µâπ¢“¥â“πÀ≈—ßπ—πË ‡Õß.
µ—«Õ¬à“ß: π—Ëß°âπ¬—߉¡à∑—π√âÕπ°Á®–‰ª
·≈â«. µŸ¥‡ªìπ™àÕߢ—∫∂à“¬.
°âπ°∫ °—∫ °√–¥Ÿ°À“ß (°∫)
∑’Ë ÿ¥≈ß¡“¢â“ß≈à“ß (Àπâ“ ˆ). ‰¡à‡√’¬°
°√–¥Ÿ°°âπ°∫.
coccyxÚ n. the caudal ex-
tremity of the vertebral column;
the small bone caudad to the
sacrum in man, formed by union
of three or four or five rudimen-
tary vertebrae. (kokkyx = cuckoo,
whose bill it is said to resemble =
®–ßÕ¬ª“°π°ªŸ¥) (Àπâ“ ÛÙ˜).
¥—ßπ—Èπ coccyx ®÷ߧ«√∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“
‡ªìπ°√–¥Ÿ°À“ß À√◊Õ°√–¥Ÿ°À“ß°∫.
°√≥’ °—∫ °√≥’¬å
°√≥’Ò π. §¥’, ‡√◊ËÕß ‡Àµÿ (‡™àπ
„π°√≥’π’È = „π‡√◊ËÕßπ’È) (Àπââ“ ˘).
°√≥’ ¬åÒ π. °‘® (°√≥’¬°‘® =
Àπâ“∑’ËÕ—πæ÷ß∑”) (Àπâ“ ˘).
¯˜Ò
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«–
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘
√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
°√–¥Ÿ °  — π À≈— ß , °√–¥Ÿ °  — π Õ°,
°√–¥Ÿ° —π§Õ
°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ßÒ π. °√–¥Ÿ°∑’ÕË ¬Ÿ„à π
·π«°÷Ëß°≈“ß∑“ߥâ“πÀ≈—ߢÕß≈”µ—«
‡ªìπ·°π¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ ¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ
¢âÕÊ µàÕ°—π‡ªìπ·π«µ—Èß·µà∫√‘‡«≥§Õ
µàÕ ®π∂÷ߥâ“πÀ≈—ߢÕß∑«“√Àπ—° (Àπâ“
Ú˜).
backboneÚ n. the vertebral
column, forming a continuous,
comparatively rigid structure in
the midline of the back. (Àπâ“
Ò˜Û).
°√–¥Ÿ° —πÕ° = sternum.
sternumÚ n. a longitudinal
unpaired plate of bone forming the
middle of the anterior wall of the
thorax. (Àπâ“ Òı˜˘).
°√–¥Ÿ° —π§Õ = cervical spine
À¡“¬∂÷ß°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß à«π§Õ ‡ªìπ
 à«π¢Õß°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß.
°√–∫«π°“√ °—∫ ¢∫«π°“√
°√–∫«π°“√Ò π. (Ò) ª√“°Ø-
°“√≥å∏√√¡™“µ‘∑’˧àÕ¬Ê ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
Õ¬à“ß¡’√–‡∫’¬∫ ‰ª Ÿàº≈Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß ‡™àπ
°√–∫«π°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õ߇¥Á°. (Ú)
°√√¡«‘∏À’ √◊Õ≈”¥—∫°“√°√–∑”´÷ßË ¥”‡π‘π
µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß°—π‰ª®π ”‡√Á®≈ß ≥ √–¥—∫
Àπ÷Ëß ‡™àπ °√–∫«π°“√‡§¡’‡æ◊ËÕº≈‘µ
 ‘ßË „¥ ‘ßË Àπ÷ßË . (Õ. process) (Àπâ“ Ûı-
Ûˆ).
¢∫«π°“√Ò π. °≈ÿà¡∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë√«¡
°—π‡æ◊ËÕ¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“ß„¥Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß
(Õ. movement) (Àπâ“ ÒÚˆ).
°“√√—°…“‚√§ À√◊Õ °“√√—°…“ºŸªâ «É ¬
√—°…“Ò °. √–«—ß, ¥Ÿ·≈, ªÑÕß°—π;
‡¬’¬«¬“. (Àπâ“ ˆ˘Û).
°“√√—°…“ π. °“√√–«—ß, °“√¥Ÿ·≈,
°“√ªÑÕß°—π, °“√‡¬’¬«¬“.
°“√√—°…“‚√§ π. °“√√–«—ß‚√§
·≈–°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§ (‡ªìπ¢Õߥ’ ‡À¡◊Õπ
°“√√–«—ß¿—¬ = ? prevention); °“√
¥Ÿ·≈‚√§ (‰¡à§Õà ¬µ√ß ‡æ√“–‰ª™à«à ¬‚√§
‡À¡◊Õπ°“√¥Ÿ·≈∫â“π); °“√‡¬’¬«¬“Ò
(‚√§) = °“√∫”∫—¥‚√§, °“√·°â‚√§;
°“√·°â‰¢, °“√∑”„À⥒¢÷Èπ (Àπâ“ ˆ¯)
(‡ªìπ°“√∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡ª√– ß§å)å .
°“√√— ° …“ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬ = °“√√–«— ß
ºŸâªÉ«¬, °“√¥Ÿ·≈ºŸâªÉ«¬, °“√ªÑÕß°—π
ºŸâªÉ«¬ ·≈–°“√‡¬’¬«¬“ºŸâªÉ«¬.
°”°—¥ °—∫ ®”°—¥
°”°—¥Ò °. ®”°—¥‡¢â“, ®”°—¥„Àâ
·§∫‡¢â“. (Àπâ“ ˘Û) (Õ. restrict).
µ—«Õ¬à“ß: º≈∑¥ Õ∫Àπâ“∑’˪ե
‡ªìπ·∫∫°”°—¥ (restrictive pattern).
®”°—¥Ò °. °”Àπ¥À√◊Õ¢’¥§—Ëπ‰«â
‡©æ“– ‡™àπ ®”°—¥Õ“¬ÿ, ®”°—¥§«“¡√âŸ
(Àπâ“ ÚÚ˜) (Õ. limit).
°”‡π‘¥æ¬“∏‘ À√◊Õ æ¬“∏‘°”‡π‘¥
°”‡π‘ ¥ 欓∏‘ À¡“¬∂÷ ß °“√
‡°‘ ¥ 欓∏‘   ¿“æÀ√◊ Õ ‚√§ Ú (Àπâ “
ÒÚÙÛ);
欓∏‘ °”‡π‘ ¥ ‡ªì 𠧔º‘ ¥ À≈— °
¿“…“ ‡°‘¥®“°°“√·ª≈µ√ßµ—«µ“¡
¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ….
pathogenesisÚ n. genesis of
morbid conditions or of diseases
(Àπâ“ ÒÚÙÛ). ¿“…“‰∑¬„™â§”π“¡
(genesis) π”§ÿ≥»—æ∑å (patho-) ®÷ß
‡ªì𰔇π‘¥æ¬“∏‘ ‰¡à„™à欓∏‘°”‡π‘¥.
°√‘¬“ °—∫ °‘√‘¬“
°√‘¬“Ò π. §”∑’Ë· ¥ßÕ“°“√¢Õß
π“¡À√◊Õ √√æπ“¡ (Àπâ“ ıÛ).
°‘√‘¬“Ò π. °“√°√–∑”; Õ“°“√∑’Ë
· ¥ßÕÕ°∑“ß°“¬ ‡™àπ °‘√‘¬“ –∑âÕπ
π. °“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«Õ¬à“ß©—∫æ≈—π¢Õß
°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ∑’ˉ¡ààÕ¬Ÿà„πÕ”π“® —Ëßß“π¢Õß
 ¡Õß (Õ. reflex) (Àπâ“ Ò).
°‘µµ‘ °—∫ °‘µ‘
°‘µµ‘Ò π. §”‡≈à“≈◊Õ, §” √√‡ √‘≠
‡™àπ °‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“» (Àπâ“ ˘¯).
°‘µ‘ ·≈–°‘µ‘°√√¡ª√–°“» (‡ªìπ
»—æ∑庑¥ ‰¡à¡’„πæ®π“πÿ°√¡).
°‘π À√◊Õ√—∫ª√–∑“π °—∫ ¥◊Ë¡
°‘πÒ °. ‡§’Ȭ«, ‡§’Ȭ«°≈◊π, ¥◊Ë¡,
∑”„Àâ≈à«ß≈”§Õ‰ª Ÿà°√–‡æ“–. (Àπâ“
˘¯).
§«“¡‡ÀÁπ à«πµ—« ç°‘πé πà“®–
À¡“¬∂÷ß Õ“°“√∑’Ë∑”„ÀâÕ“À“√À√◊Õ ‘Ëß
Õ◊Ëπ∑’˵âÕß°“√‡¢â“‰ª Ÿà°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√
®–‚¥¬‡§’Ȭ«À√◊Õ‰¡à‡§’Ȭ«°Á‰¥â (‡æ√“–
¯˜Ú
§π à«π„À≠à°‘π¬“‡¡Á¥ ¡—°°≈◊π‚¥¬
‰¡à‡§’Ȭ«). ºŸâªÉ«¬∫“ß√“¬‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√
∑“ß∑à Õ ∑’Ë   Õ¥‡¢â “ ∑“ß®¡Ÿ ° ≈߉ª∂÷ ß
°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√ (∑àÕ‡π‚ ·° µ√‘§)
‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß°≈◊π.  √ÿª«à“ ç°‘πé ‚¥¬
∑—Ë«‰ª §◊Õ∑”„Àâ ‘Ëß∑’˵âÕß°“√„À⇢ⓠŸà
°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√‚¥¬ºà“π‡¢â“∑“ߪ“°
ºà“π≈”§Õ ≈ß Ÿà°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√.
°≈◊πÒ °. Õ“°“√∑’Ë∑”„ÀâÕ“À“√
À√◊Õ ‘ËßÕ◊ËπÊ ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„𪓰≈à«ß≈”§Õ≈ß
‰ª. (Àπââ“ ˆÛ).
√—∫ª√–∑“π (°‘π) ªí®®ÿ∫—π‡ªìπ
§”¿“…“ª“°¢Õߧπ∑—Ë«‰ª ‰¡à§«√„™â
‡ªìπ¿“…“‡¢’¬π ‡æ√“–§«“¡À¡“¬
∑’·Ë ∑â®√‘ߥ—ßÈ ‡¥‘¡ §◊Õ‰ª¢Õ√—∫Õ“À“√µ“¡
‚√ß∑“π∑’ˇ®â“¢ÿπ¡Ÿ≈𓬠À√◊Õ‡»√…∞’
§À∫¥’®¥— ‰«â„Àâ§π¬“°®π; §«“¡À¡“¬
∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕߧ◊Õ°‘πø√’.
¥◊Ë ¡Ò °. °‘π¢Õ߇À≈«‡™àππÈ”.
(Àπâ“ Ûˆ). °‘ππÈ”„™â‰¥â ·µà∑∂Ë’ °Ÿ µâÕß
§«√¥◊Ë¡πÈ”.
‡°‘¥ °—∫ §≈Õ¥
‡°‘¥Ò °. ‡ªìπ¢÷Èπ, ¡’¢÷Èπ, °”‡π‘¥
(Àπâ“ ÒÒÙ).
§≈Õ¥Ò °. ÕÕ°, ÕÕ°≈Ÿ°; ÕÕ°
®“°§√√¿å (Àπâ“ Ò˜Ò).
genesisÚ n. the coming into
being anything; the process of
originating (Àπâ“ ˆ¯ˆ).
¥—ßπ—Èπ ‡°‘¥ªí≠À“«à“§” ç·√°
‡°‘¥é (newborn) °—∫ ç·√°§≈Õ¥é
(just delivered) ‡ªìπ™à«ß∑’ËÕ¬ŸàµÕπ
ªØ‘ π∏‘ À√◊ÕµÕπ§≈Õ¥. (·√°‡°‘¥ =
‡√‘Ë¡ªØ‘ π∏‘, ·≈–·√°§≈Õ¥ = µÕπ
À≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°®“°§√√¿å¡“√¥“).
»—æ∑å —∫ π

‡°√Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥ À√◊Õ ‡°≈Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥
‡°√Á ¥ Ò π.  à « π¬à Õ ¬,  à « π
‡∫Á¥‡µ≈Á¥ ‡™àπ ‡°√Á¥æß»“«¥“√ (Àπâ“
Ò˘).
‡°≈Á¥Ò π.  à«π∑’‡Ë ªìπ·ºàπÊ ´âÕπ
‡À≈◊Ë Õ ¡°— π Àà Õ Àâÿ ¡ µ— « ª≈“·≈– — µ «å
‡≈◊ÈÕ¬§≈“π∫“ß™π‘¥;  ‘Ëß∑’Ë·¢Áßµ—«‡ªìπ
·ºàπ∫“ßÊ §≈⓬‡°≈Á¥ª≈“ (Àπâ“ ÒÒ).
platelet (thrombocyte) = plate
+ let = ·ºàπ + ‡≈Á° = ‡°≈Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥.
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘ °—∫  ¡∫—µ‘
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µÒ‘ π. §ÿ≥§«“¡¥’. (§ÿ≥
π. §«“¡¥’∑’Ë¡’ª√–®”Õ¬àŸ„π ‘Ëßπ—ÈπÊ)
(Àπâ“ Ò¯˘).
 ¡∫—µ‘Ò π. ≈—°…≥–ª√–®” ‡™àπ
‰Õ‚Õ¥’π¡’ ¡∫—µ‘‡ªìπÕ‚≈À–. (Àπâ“
˜˘˜). ‰¡à„™â§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘‡æ√“–°“√
‡ªìπÕ‚≈À–¢Õ߉Ղե’πÕ“®„À≥â∑—Èß
§ÿ≥ (‡ªìπ§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘) ·≈–‚∑… (‡ªìπ
‚∑… ¡∫—µ‘).
§≈—߇≈◊Õ¥ À√◊Õ ∏𓧓√‡≈◊Õ¥Ò
§≈—߇≈◊Õ¥ π.  ∂“π∑’ˇ°Á∫√—°…“
‡≈◊Õ¥‡æ◊ËÕ∫√‘°“√·°àºŸâªÉ«¬, ∏𓧓√
‡≈◊Õ¥ °Á„™â (Àπâ“ Ò˜Ú).
∏𓧓√ π. 𑵑∫ÿ§§≈∑’˵—Èߢ÷Èπ
µ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬ ª√–°Õ∫∏ÿ√°‘®‡°’ˬ«°—∫
‡ß‘π·≈–∏ÿ√°‘®À≈—°∑√—æ¬å (∏π + Õ§“√)
(Àπâ“ ÙÒ¯).
§«√„™â §≈—߇≈◊Õ¥ ‡æ√“–‰¡à¢¥— °—∫
𑬓¡¢Õß ∏𓧓√.
®√‘ß °—∫ ‡∑Á®
®√‘ßÒ «. ·∑â, ‰¡àª≈Õ¡, ‡™àπ ¢Õß
®√‘߉¡à„™à¢Õ߇∑’¬¡ (Àπâ“ ÚÒˆ).
Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«–,  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘
‡∑Á®Ò «. ‰¡à®√‘ß (Àπâ“ Ù˜).
trueÛ adj. real, genuine, au-
thentic (Àπâ“ ÒıˆÛ).
falseÛ adj. not true, not real
(Àπâ“ ıÚÙ).
¥—ßπ—Èπ false positive reaction
§«√®–‡ªìπ ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“∫«°‡∑Á® ´÷Ëßµ√ß
°«à“ ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“∫«°‡∑’¬¡.
®”π«π °—∫ ª√‘¡“≥
®”π«πÒ π. ¬Õ¥√«¡∑’Ë°”Àπ¥
π—∫‰«â‡ªìπ à«πÊ. (Àπâ“ ÚÚ¯).
ª√‘¡“≥Ò π. °”À𥧫“¡¡“°
πâÕ¬¢Õß®”π«π (Àπâ“ ıÒı).
ç®”π«πé π‘¬¡„™â°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’Ëπ—∫‰¥â
‡™àπ ®”π«πª√–™“°√∑’Ëπ”¡“»÷°…“
Ú §π; çª√‘¡“≥é „™â°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’Ëπ—∫
‰¡à‰¥â ‡™àπ ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”Ωπ, ª√‘¡“≥
‡π◊ÕÈ ∑’Ë œ≈œ.
µ—Èߧ√√¿å °—∫ ¡’§√√¿å
§√√¿åÒ π. ∑âÕß (Àπâ“ Òˆ˜).
µ—Èߧ√√¿åÒ °. ‡√‘Ë¡¡’∑âÕß (Àπâ“
ÛÛˆ-ÛÛ˜).
¡’§√√¿åÒ «. ¡’∑Õâ ß („™â‡©æ“–∑âÕß
ºŸâÀ≠‘ß∑’Ë¡’≈Ÿ°) (Àπâ“ Òˆ˜).
µ—Èߧ√√¿å °—∫ ¡’§√√¿å ®÷ß¡’§«“¡
À¡“¬µà“ß°—π.
∑âÕ߇¥‘π, ∑âÕß√à«ß, ∑âÕ߇ ’¬
∑âÕ߇¥‘πÒ «. Õ“°“√∂à“¬Õÿ®®“√–
‡À≈«‡ªìππÈ” (Àπâ“ Û¯ı).
∑â Õ ß√à « ß Ò «. Õ“°“√∑â Õ ß‡¥‘ π
√ÿπ·√ß (Àπâ“ Û¯ˆ).
∑âÕ߇ ’¬Ò «. Õ“°“√∂à“¬Õÿ®®“√–
°–ª√‘∫°–ª√Õ¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡§√◊ËÕ߬àÕ¬
¯˜Û
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
Õ“À“√‰¡à∑”Àπâ“∑’˵“¡ª√°µ‘ (Àπâ“
Û¯ˆ).
ª√– ∫ °—∫ ª√– æ
ª√– ∫Ò °. æ∫, æ∫ª–, æ∫‡ÀÁπ.
ª√– ∫°“√≥å π. §«“¡®—¥‡®π∑’ˇ°‘¥
®“°°“√°√–∑”À√◊ Õ ‰¥â æ ∫‡ÀÁ π ¡“.
(Àπâ“â ıÒ).
ª√– æÒ π. °“√‡°‘¥º≈. (Àπâ“
ıÒ)
ª“° °—∫ §Õ
ª“°Ò π. (Ò)  à«π¢Õß√à“ß°“¬∑’Ë
Õ¬Ÿà∫√‘‡«≥„∫Àπâ“ ‡ªìπ™àÕß ”À√—∫°‘π
Õ“À“√·≈–„™â ”À√—∫‡ª≈à߇ ’¬ß; (Ú)
¢Õ∫™àÕߢÕß ‘Ëßµà“ßÊ ‡™à𠪓°À¡âÕ,
ª“°‰À (Àπâ“ ıÛ), (ª“°™àÕߧ≈Õ¥,
ª“°¡¥≈Ÿ° œ≈œ).
§ÕÒ π. (Ò)  à«π¢Õß√à“ß°“¬∑’µË Õà
»’√…–°—∫µ—«; (Ú)  à«π¢Õß¿“™π–∑’Ë
§Õ¥Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ßµ—«°—∫ª“° ‡™àπ §Õ
À¡âÕ; (Û)  à«π¢ÕßÕ«—¬«–∑’˧եÀ√◊Õ
µàÕ°—∫µ—«∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π°—∫§Õ¢«¥
‡™àπ §Õ¡¥≈Ÿ° (Àπâ“ Ò˜ˆ).
cervixÚ n. the anterior por-
tion of the collum, or neck (the
part connecting the head and
trunk), or a constricted part of an
organ (e.g. cervix uteri) (Àπâ“ ÛÛ).
¥—ßπ—πÈ cervix uteri §◊Õ §Õ¡¥≈Ÿ°
‰¡à„™à ª“°¡¥≈Ÿ° ¥—ß∑’Ë¡—°„™â°—π ‡æ√“–
ª“°¡¥≈Ÿ° = uterine os.
ªí  “«– À√◊Õ πÈ”ªí  “«–
ªí  “«–Ò π. ‡¬’ˬ« (Àπâ“ ıÛ).
‡¬’¬Ë «Ò π. ¢Õ߇À≈«´÷ßË ‰µ¢—∫∂à“¬
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
ÕÕ°®“°‚≈À‘µ. (Àπââ“ ˆ¯).
ªí    “«–‡ªì π ¢Õ߇À≈«‡ªì π πÈ”
Õ¬Ÿà·≈â« çπÈ”ªí  “«–é ®÷߇ªìπ§”´âÕπ.
·ª√ °—∫ ·ª≈
·ª√Ò °. ‡ª≈’ˬπ°≈“¬‰ª®“°
≈—°…≥–À√◊Õ¿“«–‡¥‘¡. (Àπâ“ ıÙ¯).
(Õ. alterÛ Àπâ“ ÛÒ).
·ª≈Ò °. ∑”„À⇢Ⓞ®§«“¡À¡“¬.
(Àπâ“ ıÙ˘). (Õ. interpretÛ, Àπâ“
˜ˆÙ).
ºŸâª«É ¬ À√◊Õ §π‰¢â
ºŸâªÉ«¬Ò = ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’Õ“°“√º‘¥ª√°µ‘
À√◊Õ‡ªìπ‚√§.
§π‰¢âÒ π. ºŸâªÉ«¬, ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫.
(Àπâ“ Òˆı).
*π‘¬¡„™â§” 纟âªÉ«¬é ‡æ√“–
°“√„™â ç§π‰¢âé ∑”„ÀâÀ≈“¬§π§‘¥«à“
‡ªìπºŸâ∑’Ë¡’‰¢â (Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“¬ Ÿß‡°‘π Û˜
Õß»“‡´≈‡ ’¬ ).
¿“«–,  ¿“«–,  ∂“π–
¿“«–Ò π. §«“¡¡’, §«“¡‡ªìπ,
§«“¡ª√“°Ø (Õ—π‡ªìπº≈®“°¡’°“√
°√–∑”À√◊Õ°àÕ¢÷È𠇙àπª√–‡∑»°”≈—ß
µ°Õ¬Ÿ„à π¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘∑“߇»√…∞°‘®. (Õ.
condition) (Àπâ“ ˆÚ).
¿“«–©ÿ°‡©‘πÒ π. ¿“«–Õ—πÕ“®
‡ªì π ¿— ¬ µà Õ §«“¡¡—Ë π §ßÀ√◊ Õ §«“¡
ª≈Õ¥¿—¬, À√◊Õ∑”„Àâµ°Õ¬àŸ„π¿“«–
§—∫¢—π (Àπâ“ ˆÚ) (À√◊ÕµàÕ∫ÿ§§≈
‡™àπ ¿“«–«‘°ƒµ‘‡Àµÿ‚√§ªí®®ÿ∫—π∫“ß
™π‘¥).
¿“«°“√≥å π. ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∑’Ë°”≈—ß
‡ªìπ À√◊Õ∑’˪√“°Ø.
µ—«Õ¬à“ß: ¿“«°“√≥åªí®®ÿ∫—π∑ÿ°
§πµâ Õ ßª√–À¬— ¥ ; „π¿“«°“√≥å
 ß§√“¡‡§√◊Ë Õ ßÕÿ ª ‚¿§∫√‘ ‚ ¿§¢“¥
·§≈π.
 ¿“«–Ò π.  ¿“æ (Õ. nature)
(Àπâ“ ˜˘ˆ).
 ¿“æÒ π. §«“¡‡ªìπ‡Õßµ“¡
∏√√¡¥“¢Õß¡—π, ≈—°…≥–„πµ—«‡Õß;
‡ªìπ¿“«–∏√√¡™“µ‘ À√◊Õ≈—°…≥–§«“¡
‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‡™àπ  ¿“«–
Õ“°“»·ª√ª√«π;  ¿“æ√à “ ß°“¬
 ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å ¥’ ; µ÷ ° À≈— ß π’È ¡’   ¿“æ∑√ÿ ¥
‚∑√¡µ“¡°“≈‡«≈“ (Àπâ“ ˜˘ˆ).
 ¿“«°“√≥åÒ,  ¿“æ°“√≥å π.
‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∑‡’Ë ªìπ‰ªµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ (Àπâ“
˜˘ˆ).
µ—«Õ¬à“ß: „πƒ¥Ÿ¡√ ÿ¡  ¿“«-
°“√≥剡à‡À¡“–®–π”‡√◊ÕÕÕ°∑–‡≈.
 ∂“π–Ò π. ≈—°…≥–§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª,
§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬à.Ÿ (Àπâ“ ˜˘Ú). (Õ. state).
µ—«Õ¬à“ß:  ∂“𖬓°‰√â,  ∂“π–
¡—Ëπ§ß; πÈ”¡’À≈“¬ ∂“π– (‰Õ, ¢Õß
‡À≈« ·≈–¢Õß·¢Áß).
 ∂“π°“√≥åÒ π. ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∑°’Ë ”-
≈—߇ªìπÕ¬Ÿà (Õ. situation) (Àπâ“ ˜˘Ú)
‡™àπ  ∂“π°“√≥å∫â“π‡¡◊Õ߇ªìπª√°µ‘,
 ∂“π°“√≥å‡≈«√⓬
SituationÛ n. position or con-
dition with regard to circum-
stances. (Àπâ“ ÒÛˆÙ).
 ∂“π¿“æÒ π. ∞“π–, µ”·Àπàß
À√◊Õ‡°’¬√µ‘¬». (Àπâ“ ˜˘Ú) (Õ. sta-
tus)
µ— « Õ¬à “ ß:  ∂“π¿“æªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π
¢Õß√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π‡ªì π ·À≈à ß
 √√æ«‘™“; ‡¢“¡’ ∂“π¿“æ∑’Ë Ÿß.
¯˜Ù
¡Ÿ° °—∫ ‡¡◊Õ°
¡Ÿ°Ò π. πÈ”‡¡◊Õ°∑’ˉÀ≈®“°®¡Ÿ°
(πÈ”¡Ÿ°), πÈ”‡¡◊Õ°∑’ˉÀ≈ÕÕ°∑“ß∑«“√
Àπ—° (‡™àπ ¡Ÿ°„πÕÿ®®“√–ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§
≈”‰ â„À≠àÕ—°‡ ∫) (Àπâ“ ˆıÛ).
‡¡◊ Õ °Ò π.  ‘Ëß∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ
‡≈◊Õ°Ê §◊Õ ‡Àπ’¬«Ê ≈◊ËπÊ Õ¬à“߇¡◊Õ°
ª≈“ (Àπâ“ ˆı˜).
mucusÚ (¡Ÿ°) n. the free slime
of the mucous membrane, com-
posed of secretion of the glands,
along with various inorganic salts,
desquamated cells, and leukocytes
(Àπâ“ ÒˆÛ).
mucoidÚ = mucous (‡¡◊Õ°,
§≈⓬¡Ÿ°) adj. resembling mucus
(Àπâ“ ÒˆÒ).
mucous membrane = ‡¬◊Ë Õ
‡¡◊Õ°.
mucinÚ ( “√¡Ÿ°) n. protein-
containing glycoconjugates with
high sialic acid or sulfated poly-
saccharide content that compose
the chief constituent of mucus.
(Àπâ“ ÒˆÒ).
«‘∑¬“°“√√–∫“¥ À√◊Õ √–∫“¥«‘∑¬“
«‘∑¬“Ò π. §«“¡√Ÿ,â ¡—°„™âª√–°Õ∫
°—∫§”Õ◊πË . (Àπâ“â ˜ˆ˜).
√–∫“¥Ò °. æ≈—¥ÕÕ°®“°À¡Ÿà,
°√–®—¥°√–®“¬, ·æ√à‰ª. (Àπâ“ ˆ˘).
«‘∑¬“ + °“√√–∫“¥ = §«“¡√Ÿâ
¥â“π°“√√–∫“¥.
√–∫“¥«‘ ∑ ¬“‡ªì 𠧔∑’Ë   √â “ ߺ‘ ¥
À≈— ° ; Õ“®·ª≈§«“¡À¡“¬«à “ ‡ªì π
°√–®—¥°√–®“¬§«“¡√Ÿâ À√◊Õ·æ√৫“¡
»—æ∑å —∫ π

√Ÿâ (§«“¡À¡“¬‰¡àµ√ß°—∫«‘∑¬“°“√
√–∫“¥).
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥å °—∫  —¡∫Ÿ√≥å
 ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥åÒ «. ∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å¥â«¬§ÿ≥
 ¡∫—µ‘À√◊Õ§ÿ≥≈—°…≥– ‡æ√“–¡’ à«π
µà“ßÊ ª√– “π‡¢â“°—πÕ—πæ÷ߪ√“√∂π“
·≈–‰¡à¡ ’ «à π„¥¢“¥µ°∫°æ√àÕß. (Àπâ“
˜˘˜). (Õ. complete).
 — ¡ ∫Ÿ √ ≥åÒ «.  ¡∫Ÿ√≥嬑Ëß ‡™àπ
§«“¡™◊Èπ —¡∫Ÿ√≥å. (Àπâ“ ¯ÚÙ). (Õ.
absolute).
 “√øÕ ‡øµÕ‘ π ∑√’ ¬å À√◊ Õ  “√
øÕ øÕ√— Õ‘π∑√’¬å
øÕ øÕ√— Ò π. ∏“µÿ≈”¥—∫∑’Ë Òı
 —≠≈—°…≥å P ‡ªìπÕ‚≈À– ≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ
¢Õß·¢Áß ¡’À≈“¬Õ—≠√Ÿª (Àπâ“ ˆÒÛ).
øÕ ‡øµ Ò π. ‡°≈◊ Õ ¢Õß°√¥
øÕ øÕ√‘° (H3PO4) (Àπâ“ ˆÒÛ).
organophosphateÚ n. phos-
phate esterified to organic com-
pounds such as glucose or sorbi-
tol (Àπâ“ ÒÒ˘); phosphoric acid
esters (organic phosphates) are
named as if they were salts of the
parent acid, e.g. glucose 6-phos-
phate (Àπâ“ ÙıÒ).
organophosphorus Ú n. a
compound containing phosphorus
bound to an organic molecule;
several organophosphorus com-
pounds are used as insecticides,
and they are highly toxic acetyl-
cholinesterase inhibitors (Àπâ“
ÒÒ˘).
Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«–,  ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘
¥—ßπ—Èπ  “√øÕ øÕ√— Õ‘π∑√’¬å
®÷ßπà“®–‡ªìπ§”∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß„™â‡√’¬° “√
¶à “ ·¡≈ß°≈ÿà ¡ ∑’Ë ¡’ ∏ “µÿ ø Õ øÕ√—   ®— ∫
°—∫‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢Õß “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å, ·≈–‰¡à„™à
§”æâÕߢÕß “√øÕ ‡øµÕ‘π∑√’¬å¥—ß∑’Ë
„™â°π— Õ¬Ÿ∫à Õà ¬Ê.
Àπ—ß °—∫ º‘«Àπ—ß
Àπ—ßÒ π.  à«π¢Õß√à“ß°“¬∑’ËÀÿâ¡
‡π◊ÕÈ Õ¬Ÿ,à Àπ—ß —µ«å∑‡’Ë Õ“¡“∑”‡ªìπ¢Õß„™â
À√◊Õ‡ªìπÕ“À“√ (Àπââ“ ¯ˆı).
º‘«Àπ—ßÒ π. Àπ—ß∑’‡Ë ªìπº‘«™—πÈ πÕ°
 ÿ¥¢Õߧπ·≈– —µ«å, Àπ—ß°”æ√â“ °Á‡√’¬°
(Àπâ“ ıˆ).
¥—ßπ—Èπ ‚√§º‘«Àπ—ß ®÷ßπà“∑’Ë®–
À¡“¬∂÷ß‚√§∑’Ë¡’欓∏‘ ¿“æ∑’ËÀπ—ß°”
æ√â“ ´÷Ëߪ√“°Ø„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∫πº‘«°“¬‡∑à“
π—Èπ.
cutisÚ n. the skin; the outer
protective covering of the body,
consisting of the epidermis and
dermis, or corium, and resting
upon the subcutaneous tissue.
(Àπâ“ Ù˘).
cutaneousÚ n. pertaining to
the skin; dermal, dermic. (Àπâ“
Ù˘).
dermisÚ n. the layer of the
skin deep to the epidermis; call
also corium. (Àπâ“ Ùı).
À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ À√◊Õ ‡ âπ‡≈◊Õ¥
À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥Ò π. ∑“߇¥‘π‡≈◊Õ¥
‰ª ŸàÀ√◊ÕÕÕ°®“°Õ«—¬«–µà“ßÊ ¢Õß
√à“ß°“¬, ‡ âπ‡≈◊Õ¥ °Á‡√’¬°. (Õ. blood
vessel). (Àπâ“ ¯˜˘).
¯˜ı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‡ âπÒ π.  “¬, ·∂«, ·π«; ∑“ß
‡¥‘π¢Õ߇≈◊Õ¥·≈–ª√– “∑¢Õß√à“ß°“¬.
(Àπâ“ ¯Ù˘).
¢â Õ  — ß ‡°µ: µ— « Õ¬à “ ߢÕ߇ â π
πÕ°®“°‡ âπ‡≈◊Õ¥·≈⫇ªìπ‡ âπµ—π∑’Ë
‰¡à¡’√Ÿ∑—Èß ‘Èπ.
À≈Õ¥Ò π. ¢Õß°≈¡¬“«¢π“¥
‡≈Á°∑’Ë¡’√Ÿµ≈Õ¥. (Àπâ“ ¯˜˘).
¥—ßπ—È𠧔«à“ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ®÷ß
‡À¡“–·≈–∂Ÿ°µâÕß¡“°°«à“ ‡ âπ‡≈◊Õ¥.
Õߧå°√ °—∫ Õߧ尓√
Õߧå°√Ò π.  à«πª√–°Õ∫¬àÕ¬
¢ÕßÀπ૬„À≠à∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—π
À√◊Õ¢÷πÈ µàÕ°—π·≈–°—π (Õ. organ) (Àπâ“
˘Ò).
Õߧ尓√Ò π. »Ÿπ¬å√«¡¢Õß°‘®°“√
∑’˪√–°Õ∫°—π¢÷Èπ‡ªìπÀπà«¬ß“π‡¥’¬«
°—π (Õ. organization) (Àπâ“ ˘Ò).
Õ—µ‚π¡—µ,‘ Õ‘ √–, ‡ √’
Õ—µ‚π¡—µÒ‘ «. ‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â„πµ—«‡Õß,
∑”Àπâ“∑’ˉ¥â‡Õß (Õ. automatic) (Àπâ“
˘ÛÛ).
Õ‘ √–Ò «. ‡ªìπ„À≠à, ª°§√Õß
µπ‡Õß, ‡ªìπ‰∑·°àµ—« (Õ. indepen-
dent) (Àπâ“ ˘Ù˘).
‡ √’Ò «. ∑’Ë∑”‰¥â‚¥¬ª≈Õ¥Õÿª-
 √√§, ¡’ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–∑”‰¥â查‰¥â (Õ. au-
tonomic) (Àπâ“ ¯ıÚ).
automaticÚ adj. (1) done by
no act of the will; spontaneous or
involuntary. (2) self-moving; self-
regulating (Àπâ“ ÒˆÛ).
autonomicÚ adj. self-control-
ling; functionally independent
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
(Àπâ“ ÒˆÙ).
¥—ßπ—Èπ autonomic nervous
system §«√„™â«à“ √–∫∫ª√– “∑‡ √’
®–„°≈â ‡ §’ ¬ ß°— ∫ µâ π »— æ ∑å ¡ “°°«à “ ;
√–∫∫ª√– “∑Õ‘ √–À√◊Õ√–∫∫ª√– “∑
Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘ ‡ªìπ§”º‘¥.
Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√≥å °—∫ Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√
Õÿ∫—µ‘Ò π. °“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ, °”‡π‘¥,
°“√∫—߇°‘¥ (Àπâ“ ˘ıı).
Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√≥å (occurrenceÛ) n.
(1) the act or fact of occurring.
(2) something that occurs; event;
incident. (Àπâ“ ÒÒı).
Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√ (incidenceÚ n. the
rate at which a certain event oc-
curs, e.g. the number of new cases
of a specific diseases occurring
during a certain period) (Àπâ“
¯Ú˘).
¥—ßπ—Èπ Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√≥å ®÷ßÀ¡“¬∂÷ß
‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª.  à«π
Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√ À¡“¬∂÷ßÕ—µ√“‡Àµÿ°“√≥å
®”‡æ“–∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π™à«ß‡«≈“„¥‡«≈“
Àπ÷ßË .
¯˜ˆ
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Ò. æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.».
ÚıÚı, æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë ˆ. °∑¡.: ∫√‘…—∑
Õ—°…√‡®√‘≠∑—»πå; ÚıÛ˘.
Ú. Dorlandûs Illustrated Medical Dictio-
nary, Ed. 28. Philadelphia: W.B.
Saunders; 1994.
Û. Websterûs New World Dictionary of
the American Language, College Edi-
tion. Cleaveland: World Publishing
Co.; 1958.
»—æ∑å —∫ π
ª°‘≥°–
 √√æπ“¡  ”À√— ∫¿‘ ° …ÿ ·≈–
¿‘°…ÿ≥’
¿“…“™“««—¥À√◊ÕÕ“√“¡‘°¿“…“
‚¥¬‡©æ“–¿“…“∑’Ëæ√–∑à“π„™â查°—π
¡’√Ÿª·∫∫∑’Ë· ¥ßÕÕ°∂÷ߧ«“¡ ÿ¿“æ
§«“¡ÕàÕππâÕ¡ §«“¡‡§“√欰¬àÕß°—π
¢Õ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“ß„π¿“…“∫“≈’ ¥—ßπ’È
Ò. ¿‘°…ÿ查°—∫¿‘°…ÿ ∑à“π„™â
§”π”Àπâ“™◊ËÕºŸâ∑’Ë∑à“π°”≈—ß查¥â«¬«à“
Õ“¬ ⁄¡“ (Õ“¬—¥ –À¡“) ·ª≈«à“ ∑à“π
ºŸâ¡’Õ“¬ÿ. ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ„™âπ”Àπâ“™◊ËÕ¡—°·ª≈
‡ªìπ ”π«π‰∑¬«à“ ∑à“𠇙àπ Õ“¬ ⁄¡“
Õ“ππ⁄ ∑ = ∑à “ πÕ“ππ∑å , Õ“¬ ⁄ ¡ “
 “√‘ªÿµ⁄µ = ∑à“π “√’∫ÿµ√.
Ú. ¿‘°…ÿ查∂÷ß¿‘°…ÿ (∫ÿ√ÿ…∑’Ë Û)
„™â§”π”Àπâ“«à“ Õ“¬ ⁄¡“ ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π,
·µà§”π“¡∑’‡Ë ªìπ™◊ÕË ‡ª≈’¬Ë π«‘¿µ— ‰‘ ªµ“¡
‰«¬“°√≥å ·≈–¡—°¡’§”«à“ ç‡∂√é µàÕ
∑⓬™◊ËÕ‡æ◊ËÕ¬°¬àÕß·≈–„À⇰’¬√µ‘∑’ˇÕà¬
∂÷ß∑à“𠇙àπ Õ“¬ ⁄¡“ Õ“ππ⁄∑µ⁄‡∂‚√
= ∑à “ πæ√–Õ“ππ∑‡∂√–, Õ“¬ ⁄ ¡ “
Õ¥‘»—°¥‘Ï ∑Õß∫ÿ≠
 “√‘ªÿµ⁄µµ⁄‡∂‚√ = ∑à“πæ√– “√’∫ÿµ√
‡∂√–.
Û. ¿‘°…ÿ≥’查°—∫¿‘°…ÿ≥’ „™â
§”·∑π™◊ËÕ«à“ Õ¬⁄‡¬ (‰Õ-‡¬) ·ª≈«à“
·¡à‡®â“ ‡™àπ ¿‘°¢⁄ πÿ ‚‘ ¬ ∂ÿ≈≈⁄ ππ⁄∑Ì ¿‘°¢⁄ πÿ ÷
‡Õµ∑‚«® ç ÿπ∑⁄ √’ππ⁄∑“ ‚¢ Õ¬⁄‡¬ Õ®‘√-
«‘æ⁄¿π⁄µ“ «‘™“µ“é. ¿‘°…ÿ≥’∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬
‰¥â°≈à“«§”π—πÈ °–¿‘°…ÿ≥™’ ÕË◊ ∂ÿ≈≈π—π∑“
«à“ ·¡à‡®â“ ¿‘°…ÿ≥’™◊ËÕ ÿπ∑√’π—π∑“  ÷°
‰¥â‰¡àπ“π §≈Õ¥∫ÿµ√·≈â«.
Ù. ¿‘°…ÿ≥æ’ ¥Ÿ ∂÷ß¿‘°…ÿ≥’ (∫ÿ√…ÿ ∑’Ë
Û) „™â§”«à“ Õ¬⁄¬“ (‰Õ-¬“) π”Àπâ“™◊ÕË
‡™àπ Õ¬⁄¬“ Õÿªª⁄ ≈«≥⁄≥“‡∂√’ = æ√–·¡à
‡®â“Õÿ∫≈«—≥≥“‡∂√’.
§”«à“ çÀ≈«ßæàÕé ¿‘°…ÿ Õÿ∫“ °
À√◊ÕÕÿ∫“ ‘°“ „™â查°—∫¿‘°…ÿºŸâ‡ªìπæàÕ
µ—« À√◊ÕºŸâÕ¬Ÿà„π«—¬‡¥’¬«°—∫æàÕµ—« À√◊Õ
ºŸ∑⠵˒ π‡§“√æπ—∫∂◊Õ‡ªìπæàÕµ“¡∏√√¡-
‡π’¬¡‰∑¬.
¯˜˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
Õ¥‘»—°¥‘Ï ∑Õß∫ÿ≠
¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
§”«à“ çÀ≈«ß·¡àé ∂â“„™â°—∫æ√–
ºŸâÀ≠‘ßÀ√◊Õ¿‘°…ÿ≥’ °ÁæÕÕπÿ‚≈¡µ“¡
§”«à“ çÀ≈«ßæàÕé ‰¥â. ·µà∂â“„™â°—∫
 “¡‡≥√’ ´÷Ë߬—߉¡à‡ªìπ¿‘°…ÿ≥’ (æ√–)
°Á¬—ß ß —¬«à“æÕÕπÿ‚≈¡‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à.
≈Õßæ‘®“√≥“Õ’°µ—«Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷ßË §◊Õ
‡¡◊ËÕ‡√’¬° “¡‡≥√∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿæ√√…“¡“°
(‡≥√‚¢àß) «à“ çÀ≈«ßæàÕ‡≥√é ∂â“
Õπÿ‚≈¡‡√’¬° “¡‡≥√’ºŸâ¡’Õ“¬ÿªŸπ·¡àµ—«
À√◊Õ‡§“√欰¬àÕ߇ªìπ·¡à«à“ çÀ≈«ß
·¡à‡≥√é °Áπà“®–‰¥â.
Õ’°µ—«Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß §”«à“ çÕ“®“√¬å
·¡àé °Á„™â‰¥â ∂â“„™â°∫— Õ“®“√¬å∑‡Ë’ ªìπ·¡à
À√◊Õ∑’ºË æŸâ ¥Ÿ ‡§“√欰¬àÕ߇ªìπ·¡à. µàÕ‰ª
°Á§ß¡’§”«à“ çÕ“®“√¬åæàÕé ´÷ËßÕπÿ‚≈¡
„™â°—∫§”«à“ çÕ“®“√¬å·¡àé ‰¥â.
„π«ß°“√À¡Õ ®–„™â«à“ çÀ¡Õ
æàÕé çÀ¡Õ·¡àé ‰¡à‰¥â ‡æ√“–¡’§”
çæàÕÀ¡Õé ç·¡àÀ¡Õé „™âÕ¬Ÿà·≈â«.
∫∑
«‘®“√≥åÀπ—ß ◊Õ «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å ‰∑¬-≈“« ªî¬π“∂ ∫ÿππ“§

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
„𠓬µ“¢Õߧπ≈“« √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
‚¥¬ ‡¢’¬π ∏’√–«‘∑¬å, Õ¥‘»√ ‡ ¡·¬â¡ ·≈– ∑“πµ–«—π ¡‚π√¡¬å
æ‘¡æå·≈–‡º¬·æ√à‚¥¬ ”π—°ß“π°Õß∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬,
 ∂“∫— π ‡Õ‡™’ ¬ »÷ ° …“ ®ÿ à “≈ß°√≥å ¡ À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ , ·≈–‚√ßæ‘ ¡ æå · Àà ß
®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬, °√ÿ߇∑æœ æ.». ÚıÙÙ, Ú˘ Àπâ“.

„π«ß√’ „ π„ à æ◊È π  ’ § √’ ¡ 40%

∫∑§«“¡ —߇¢ª ‰¡à‡Õ“‡ âπ°√Õ∫ √ŸªÀπ—ß ◊Õ 4  ’
„ à‡ß“„À⥇Ÿ ≈à¡Àπ—ß ◊Õ≈Õ¬¢÷πÈ ‡≈Á°
πâÕ¬
ºŸ«â ®‘ ¬— ·∫àß°“√𔇠πÕ‡√◊ÕË ßπ’‡È ªìπ
Ú ¿“§ §◊Õ ¿“§∑’ËÀπ÷Ëß : ®‘πµ¿“æ
»÷°…“ (∫∑∑’Ë Ú-˘) ´÷ËߺŸâ«‘®—¬¡’®ÿ¥¡ÿàß
À¡“¬ ”§— ≠ §◊ Õ ‡æ◊Ë Õ ∑√“∫„π‡™‘ ß
ª√‘¡“≥ ·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æ ®”π«π ·≈–
√–¥—∫§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷° ∑—»π–¢Õߧπ≈“«∑’Ë¡’
µàÕ§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-≈“«, ·≈–¿“§∑’Ë
 Õß : °√≥’»°÷ …“ (∫∑∑’Ë Ò-ÒÚ) ‡æ◊ÕË
‡ πÕ„ÀâΩ“É ¬‰∑¬·≈–ΩÉ“¬≈“«æ‘®“√≥“
ª√–‡¥Áπµà“ßÊ ∑’Ëæ‘æ“∑°—πÕ¬à“ß√Õ∫
¥â“π ·≈–µâÕ߇√’¬π√Ÿâ´÷Ëß°—π·≈–°—π.
§π≈“«∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ª√–™“°√„πß“π ‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π π—È π ¡“®“°¡Ÿ ≈ ‡Àµÿ  ”§— ≠ Û ª√–°“√ ÿ¥∑⓬ §◊Õ Õ“√¡≥å√—° ‚≈¿
«‘®—¬π’È¡’ ÚÒˆ §π, ·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπºŸâπ” ª√–°“√ §◊Õ ª√–°“√·√° ª√– ∫- ‚°√∏ À≈ß ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫ª√–‡¥Áπ∑’Ë
√–¥—∫™“µ‘, ºŸâπ”·¢«ß π—°»÷°…“≈“« °“√≥å„π™’«‘µ, ¿Ÿ¡‘À≈—ß∑“ߪ√–«—µ‘- °”≈—ßæ‘®“√≥“Õ—π‡ªìπÕ§µ‘ à«πµ—«∑’Ë
„π‰∑¬ ·≈–§π≈“«∑’ˢⓡ¥à“π¡“¬—ß »“ µ√å, §à“π‘¬¡ ·≈–§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ´÷Ëß ·µà≈–§π¡’¡“°À√◊ÕπâÕ¬µà“ß°—π ‚¥¬
Ωíò߉∑¬„π Ù ®ÿ¥ ”§—≠. ¥—ßπ—È𧫓¡  —Ë ß  ¡¡“‡ªì 𠇫≈“π“π¢ÕߺŸâ ‡ ªì π ‰¡àÕ“®√–∫ÿ‰¥â«à“¡Ÿ≈‡Àµÿ„¥¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈
 — ¡ æ— π ∏å ‰ ∑¬-≈“«„𠓬µ“¢Õߧπ ª√–™“°√„π°“√»÷°…“; ª√–°“√∑’Ë Ú ¡“°°«à“°—π, ∑—Èßπ’È¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ à«π∫ÿ§§≈
≈“«„πß“π«‘®—¬π’È ®÷߇ªì𧫓¡ —¡æ—π∏å §◊Õ ∫∑‡√’¬π, §«“¡√Ÿâ, ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥‘∫ ·≈– ∞“𖧫“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë∑’Ë
∑’Ë¡“®“°¡ÿ¡¡ÕߢÕߪ√–™“°√°≈ÿà¡¥—ß Õß§å § «“¡√Ÿâ ∑’Ë · µà ≈ –§π¡’ „ π¢≥–∑’Ë µà“ß°—π, ∫√√¬“°“»·«¥≈âÕ¡„π¢≥–
°≈à“« ´÷Ëߧ≥–ºŸâ«‘®—¬‡ÀÁπ«à“¡ÿ¡¡Õß∑’Ë æ‘®“√≥“µÕ∫„π·µà≈–ª√–‡¥Áπ; ·≈– π—ÈπÊ ·≈–ª√–‡¥Áπ∑’Ë°”≈—߉¥â√—∫°“√

ªî¬π“∂ ∫ÿππ“§
¯¯Û
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
æ‘ ® “√≥“®“°·µà ≈ –§π´÷Ë ß ¡’ § «“¡
ºŸ°æ—πµà“ß°—π.
„π¿“§∑’Ë Ò π—πÈ ºŸ«â ®‘ ¬— ‰¥â𔇠πÕ
ª√–‡¥Áπµà“ßÊ ´÷Ëß √ÿª‰¥â¥—ßπ’È
°“√√—∫√Ÿâ¢à“« “√‡°’ˬ«°—∫§«“¡
 —¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-≈“«¢Õߧπ≈“«π—Èπ‡√‘Ë¡¡’
¡“°¢÷Èπ„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ·¡â«à“ª√‘¡“≥·≈–
§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß¢à“« “√ ¬—ß¡’Õ¬Ÿà
πâÕ¬°Áµ“¡. ≈“«¡’ ∂“π’«‘∑¬ÿ°√–®“¬
‡ ’¬ß√–¥—∫™“µ‘ Ú  ∂“π’, «‘∑¬ÿ°√–®“¬
‡ ’¬ß°”·æßπ§√‡«’¬ß®—π∑πå Û  ∂“π’
·≈–°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà „ π·¢«ßµà “ ßÊ Õ’ °
ª√–¡“≥ ÒÛ  ∂“π’, ‚¥¬¡’∑—Èߧ≈◊Ëπ
§«“¡∂’Ë√–∫∫ AM ·≈– FM. πÕ°
®“°π’È¡’ ∂“π’‚∑√∑—»πå√–¥—∫™“µ‘ Ú
 ∂“π’ ·≈–¡’°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà„π·¢«ßµà“ßÊ
Õ’°ª√–¡“≥ Òˆ  ∂“π’. Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’
∑—ßÈ «‘∑¬ÿ·≈–‚∑√∑—»π塇’ «≈“ÕÕ°Õ“°“»
πâÕ¬.  à«πÀπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå ≈“«¡’Àπ—ß ◊Õ
æ‘¡æå√–¥—∫™“µ‘∑’Ë ”§—≠ §◊Õ ª√–™“™π
ÕÕ°√“¬«—π‡«âπ«—πÕ“∑‘µ¬å, ‡«’¬ß®—π„À¡à
ÕÕ°√“¬«— π ¬°‡«â π «— π ‡ “√å · ≈–«— π
Õ“∑‘µ¬å, Vientiane Times ÕÕ°‡ªìπ
¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…√“¬ Û «—π, Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå
¢Õß√—∞·®°„Àâ·°àÀπ૬ߓπ¢Õß√—∞ ·≈–
Õß§å ° √¡«≈™π∑’Ë ¡’   ¡“™‘ ° ¢Õßæ√√§
ª√–™“™πªØ‘«—µ‘≈“«‡ªìπ·°ππ” ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–°√–∑√«ß·∂≈ß¢à“«·≈–«—≤π-
∏√√¡æ‘¡æå‡Õ° “√¿“¬„π∑—ßÈ ¿“…“≈“«
·≈–¿“…“Õ— ß °ƒ…·®°„Àâ · °à À πà « ¬
√“™°“√ª√–¡“≥‡¥◊ Õ π≈– Ú §√—È ß
·≈–æ‘ ¡ æå © ∫— ∫ æ‘ ‡ »…„π°√≥’ ∑’Ë ¡’
‡Àµÿ°“√≥å摇»…∑’Ë√—∞∫“≈≈“«µâÕß°“√
ª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å. πÕ°®“°π’È¡’𑵬 “√
√“¬ —ª¥“Àå·≈–√“¬‡¥◊ÕπÀ≈“¬©∫—∫
æ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à„π·¢«ßµà“ßÊ ¢Õß≈“«
¿“¬„µâ ° “√Õ”π«¬°“√¢Õß·ºπ°
·∂≈ß¢à“«·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡ª√–®”·¢«ß.
¬‘Ë ß °«à “ π—È π  ”π— ° ß“π·∂≈ß¢à “ «¢Õß
 ∂“π∑Ÿµ≈“«„π°√ÿß«Õ™‘ßµ—π¡’√–∫∫
∫√‘°“√¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√‡°’ˬ«°—∫≈“«∑“ß
Õ‘π‡∑Õ√å‡πÁµ. πÕ°®“°π’ÈÕߧå°√™“«
Àπÿà¡,  Àæ—π∏å°√√¡∫“≈ ·≈– Àæ—π∏å
·¡àÀ≠‘ß≈“«æ‘¡æå‡Õ° “√√“¬ —ª¥“Àå
·®°¿“¬„π‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¢Õßµπ·≈–‡§√◊Õ
¢à“¬¢Õßæ√√§.
 à « π°“√ ◊Ë Õ  “√„π√Ÿ ª ·∫∫Õ◊Ë π
‰¥â · °à °“√„™â ‚ ∑√»— æ ∑å µ‘ ¥ µ—È ß ·≈–
‚∑√»— æ ∑å ¡◊ Õ ∂◊ Õ °— π Õ¬à “ ß·æ√à À ≈“¬.
 à « π‚∑√ “√¡’ ° “√„™â ‡ ©æ“–„π‡¡◊ Õ ß
„À≠à. Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å·≈–
‚∑√ “√¬—ß¡’§«“¡¢—¥¢âÕßÕ¬Ÿà‡π◊ÕßÊ.
°“√„™â ‡ §√◊Ë Õ ß¡◊ Õ  ◊Ë Õ  “√‚¥¬Õ“»— ¬
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’   ¡— ¬ „À¡à ‡ æ◊Ë Õ √«∫√«¡
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√ ”À√—∫°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®„π
ªí ≠ À“µà “ ߪ√–‡∑»¬— ß ‡æ‘Ë ß Õ¬Ÿà „ π¢—È π
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ. ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â„™â‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ¥—ß
°≈à“«‡ªìπ™π™—ÈπºŸâπ”  à«π§π∑—Ë«‰ª¡’
‚Õ°“ √— ∫ √Ÿâ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ¢à “ « “√®“°«‘ ∑ ¬ÿ ,
‚∑√∑—»πå, Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå ·≈–§π„°≈â
‡§’¬ß∑’ˇ≈à“„Àâøí߇∑à“π—Èπ.
„π¥â“π ◊ËÕ¡«≈™π‰∑¬¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈
µàÕ§π≈“«‡æ’¬ß„¥π—È𠇪ìπ°“√¬“°∑’Ë
ºŸâ«‘®—¬®– √ÿªÕÕ°¡“‰¥â, ‡π◊ËÕß®“°§π
≈“«∑’Ë√—∫øíß·≈–™¡«‘∑¬ÿ·≈–‚∑√∑—»πå
¢Õ߉∑¬ ¡’æ◊Èπ‡æ ∞“π– Õ“™’æ ·≈–
§«“¡ π„®·µ°µà“ß°—π„π à«π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«
°— ∫ §«“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å ‰ ∑¬-≈“« ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–¿Ÿ¡‘À≈—ß∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ÕߢÕß·µà≈–
§π, ´÷Ëß àߺ≈„ÀâªØ‘°‘√‘¬“¢Õߧπ≈“«
µà Õ Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈¢Õß ◊Ë Õ ¡«≈™π‰∑¬·µ°
µà“ß°—π. Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’§π≈“« à«π„À≠à∑’Ë
∫∑«‘®“√≥åÀπ—ß ◊Õ : §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-≈“«„𠓬µ“¢Õߧπ≈“«
¯¯Ù
µÕ∫·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡‰¥â√–∫ÿ«à“ æ«°‡¢“
‰¥â√—∫√Ÿâ¢à“« “√‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
À√◊ Õ æƒµ‘ ° √√¡¢Õߧπ‰∑¬®“°
‚∑√∑—»πå‰∑¬ «‘∑¬ÿ‰∑¬ ·≈–‚∑√∑—»πå
≈“«µ“¡≈”¥—∫, ´÷ËߺŸâ«‘®—¬ √ÿª®“°°“√
 —߇°µ ·≈–À≈—°µ√√°–«à“ §π≈“«√Ÿâ
‡√◊ÕË ß‰∑¬¥’°«à“§π‰∑¬√Ÿ‡â √◊ÕË ß≈“«. °“√
·°â‰¢ªí≠À“§«“¡¢—¥·¬â߉∑¬-≈“«„π
Õ¥’ µ ®–‡ªì π °“√„™â °”≈— ß À√◊ Õ °“√∑Ÿ µ
≈“«‰¡à ¥â Õ ¬°«à “ ‰∑¬‡æ√“–≈“«√Ÿâ ®— °
‰∑¬¥’°«à“‰∑¬√Ÿâ®—°≈“«. §π‰∑¬¡’ à«π
 √â“ßæ≈—ß™“µ‘π‘¬¡„Àâ·°à≈“«‚¥¬‰¡à√Ÿâ
µ—«, ·≈–√–∫∫°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈– —ߧ¡‰∑¬
¡’ à«π à߇ √‘¡‡ ∂’¬√¿“æ ·≈–§«“¡
¡—Ëπ§ß„Àâ·°à√—∞∫“≈≈“«¿“¬„µâ°“√π”
¢Õßæ√√§ª√–™“™πªØ‘«—µ‘≈“«‰¡à¡“°
°ÁπâÕ¬.
 ”À√— ∫ ª√–‡¥Á π ∑’Ë «à “ ‰∑¬‡ªì π
¡‘ µ √∑’Ë ¥’ ¢ Õß≈“«À√◊ Õ ‰¡à ‡ æ’ ¬ ß„¥π—È π
º≈°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“ª√–™“°√„π°“√
»÷ ° …“ à « π„À≠à ‡ ÀÁ π «à “ §π‰∑¬À√◊ Õ
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡§¬· ¥ß§«“¡‡ªìπ¡‘µ√
µàÕ≈“«‚¥¬°“√„À⧫“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õµà“ßÊ
·°à≈“« ∑’Ë¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ¥â“π°“√»÷°…“
·≈–«‘™“°“√ ‰¥â·°à °“√„Àâ∑ÿπ°“√
»÷°…“ Õ∫√¡ ·≈–¥Ÿß“π, ∑’Ë√Õß≈ß¡“
µ“¡≈”¥—∫§◊Õ ¥â“π°“√æ—≤𓂧√ß
 √â“ßæ◊Èπ∞“π∑“߇»√…∞°‘® —ߧ¡¢Õß
≈“« ‡™à π °“√ √â “ ß∂ππ  –æ“π,
¥â“π‡»√…∞°‘® ‡™àπ °“√ à߇ √‘¡°“√
§â“¢“¬ °“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ·≈–°“√‡°…µ√
¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å·≈– “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ‡™àπ
°“√Õ∫√¡‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ °“√
∫√‘ ® “§‡§√◊Ë Õ ß«—   ¥ÿ Õÿ ª °√≥å ∑ “ß°“√
·æ∑¬å, ·≈–≈”¥—∫ ÿ¥∑⓬ §◊Õ ¥â“π
»“ π“ «—≤π∏√√¡ ·≈–ª√–‡æ≥’ ´÷Ëß

 à«π„À≠à§◊Õ°“√∑’˧π‰∑¬‰ª∑”∫ÿ≠∑’Ë
«—¥µà“ßÊ ·≈–°“√∫√‘®“§‡ß‘π∫Ÿ√≥–«—¥
„π≈“«.  à«π§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π„π¥â“π
§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ßπ—Èπ ¡’‡æ’¬ßπâÕ¬√“¬∑’Ë¡Õß
„π∑“ß∫«°«à“‰∑¬°—∫≈“«¡’§«“¡√à«¡
¡◊Õ°—π„π¥â“ππ’È.
„πª√–‡¥Á π ¿“«–§«“¡‡ªì π
ª√ªí°…å¢Õ߉∑¬µàÕ≈“«π—Èπ ª√–™“°√
„π°“√»÷°…“ à«π„À≠à¡Õß«à“§π‰∑¬
À √◊ Õ  — ß § ¡ ‰ ∑ ¬ ‡ § ¬ ∑”  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π
ª√ªí°…åµàÕ≈“« ´÷Ëß à«π¡“°‡ªìπ°“√
°√–∑”∑’Ë°√–∑∫µàÕº≈ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß
≈“«‡ªìπ à«π√«¡. 惵‘°√√¡∑’ˇªìπ
ª√ªí ° …å ® “°¡“°∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ ≈¥À≈—Ë π ≈ß¡“
µ“¡≈”¥—∫ §◊Õ °“√∑”≈“¬‡ ∂’¬√¿“æ
·≈–§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß¢Õß≈“«, °“√„Àâ¢à“«
¢Õß ◊ËÕ¡«≈™π‰∑¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫≈“«∑’ˇ°‘π
§«“¡®√‘ß ‚®¡µ’ ·≈–∫‘¥‡∫◊Õπ¢à“«„Àâ
√⓬≈“«, §«“¡‰¡à®√‘ß„®„π°“√™à«¬
‡À≈◊Õ≈“«∑“߇»√…∞°‘® ·≈–惵‘°√√¡
∫“ßÕ¬à“ߢÕߧπ‰∑¬∑’§Ë π≈“«∂◊Õ«à“‰¡à
‡ªìπ¡‘µ√ ‡™àπ °“√™Õ∫‡Õ“‡ª√’¬∫§π
≈“« ™Õ∫¥Ÿ∂Ÿ°≈“« ·≈–‰¡à®√‘ß„®„π
°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡ —≠≠“. ·¡â°√–π—Èπ°Á
¥’ ª √–™“°√„π°“√»÷ ° …“ à « π„À≠à
‡ÀÁ π «à “ ‰∑¬‡ªì π ¡‘ µ √¡“°°«à “ ‡ªì π
»—µ√Ÿ¢Õß≈“« ·≈–‰¥â®—¥Õ—π¥—∫„Àâ‰∑¬
‡ªìπ¡‘µ√∑’Ë¥’‡ªìπ∑’Ë Õß√Õß≈ß¡“®“°
‡«’¬¥π“¡, ‚¥¬∑’Ëæ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬å·≈–
æ√–∫√¡«ß»“πÿ«ß»å °—∫π—°«‘™“°“√
·≈–ªí≠≠“™π‰∑¬ ‡ªìπ¡‘µ√∑’Ë¥’¢Õß
≈“«„πÕ—µ√“ à«π Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥, ¢≥–∑’Ë°≈ÿà¡
 ◊ËÕ¡«≈™π∂Ÿ°®—¥„À⇪ìπæ«°∑’Ë∑”µ—«
‡ªìπª√ªí°…åµÕà ≈“«¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ , √Õß≈ß¡“
§◊Õ √—∞∫“≈ ¢â“√“™°“√ ·≈–µ”√«®‰∑¬.
„𧫓¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß°—ππ—Èπ
ªî¬π“∂ ∫ÿππ“§
‰∑¬‰¥â „ Àâ § «“¡™à « ¬‡À≈◊ Õ ·°à ≈ “«
À≈“¬¥â“π ∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ ‚§√ß°“√æ√–
√“™¥”√‘¢Õßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“
Õ¬ŸàÀ—« ·≈–‚§√ß°“√ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡∑æ
√—µπ√“™ ÿ¥“œ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“
™π∫∑ ·≈– à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ¢Õß
™“«≈“«. πÕ°®“°π’ȉ¥â·°à §«“¡™à«¬
‡À≈◊Õ∑“ß«‘™“°“√ ‡»√…∞°‘® °“√·æ∑¬å
·≈–°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ¥—ß°≈à“«¡“·≈â«.
ª√–™“°√„π°“√»÷ ° …“„Àâ §ÿ ≥ §à “ ·°à
§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ∑“ß«‘™“°“√¥â“π°“√
»÷°…“ Õ∫√¡ ·≈–¥Ÿß“π¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥, √Õß
≈ß¡“µ“¡≈”¥— ∫ §◊ Õ ‚§√ß°“√æ√–
√“™¥”√‘œ ·≈–§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ¥â“π
°“√·æ∑¬å·≈–°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢,  à«π
≈”¥—∫µË”∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ∑“ß
‡»√…∞°‘®. Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ §«“¡™à«¬
‡À≈◊Õ∑’ˉ∑¬¡’µàÕ≈“«π’È ª√–™“°√„π
°“√»÷ ° …“ à « π„À≠à ¡ Õß„π·ßà ¥’ „ π
≈—°…≥–∑’Ë«à“‡ªìπ‰ª‡æ◊ËÕºŸ°¡‘µ√ ·≈–
‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ§π≈“«Õ¬Ÿà¥’°‘π¥’¡“°¢÷Èπ,  à«π
§π à « ππâ Õ ¬∑’Ë ¡ Õߧ«“¡™à « ¬‡À≈◊ Õ
®“°‰∑¬„π·ßà‰¡à¥’π—Èπ ‡ÀÁπ«à“§«“¡
™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ®“°‰∑¬‡ªìπ‰ª‡æ◊ËÕ·¢àߢ—π
°—∫ª√–‡∑»Õ◊Ëπ„π°“√∑’Ë®–¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈„π
≈“«, ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑”„Àâ≈“«
æ÷Ë߉∑¬ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–§√Õ∫ß”≈“«µ“¡
≈”¥—∫.
 à«π§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑“߇»√…∞°‘®
π—È π ¥â “ π°“√§â “ ·≈–°“√≈ß∑ÿ 𠇪ì π
‡√◊ËÕß ”§—≠¡“°¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ‡æ√“–‰∑¬
‡ªìπ§Ÿà§â“√“¬„À≠à∑’Ë ÿ¥¢Õß≈“« ·≈–
‡ªì π π— ° ≈ß∑ÿ π √“¬„À≠à ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ ¥â « ¬.
ª√–™“°√„π°“√»÷°…“ à«π„À≠à‡ÀÁπ
«à“°“√§â“‰∑¬-≈“«¡’ à«π∑”„À⧫“¡
 —¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-≈“«¥’¢÷Èπ ·µà∑—Èßπ’ȵâÕß
¯¯ı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
‡ªì π °“√§â “ ∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡®√‘ ß „® ∑”®√‘ ß
µ“¡§”查 ‰¡à‡Õ“√—¥‡Õ“‡ª√’¬∫°—π
·≈–µâÕ߇ªìπ°“√§â“Õ¬à“߇ ¡Õ¿“§.
ª√–™“°√„π°“√»÷°…“ à«π¡“°‚¥¬
‡©æ“–™“«≈“«¢â“¡¥à“π¡“Ωíò߉∑¬´÷Ëß
¡— ° ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’ æ §â “ ¢“¬·≈–æπ— °
ß“πµâÕß°“√„Àâπ—°∏ÿ√°‘®‰∑¬‰ª≈ß∑ÿπ
„π≈“«‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ. ·µà°“√≈ß∑ÿπ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
π—È π µâ Õ ß°√–∑”Õ¬à “ ßµ√߉ªµ√ß¡“
®√‘ß„® ·≈– ÿ®√‘µ ‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡√–‡∫’¬∫
°ÆÀ¡“¬¢Õß≈“« ·≈–µâÕ߇§“√æ„π
‡Õ°√“™Õ∏‘ª‰µ¬¢Õß≈“«.  à«πºŸâ∑Ë’¡’
§«“¡‡ÀÁ π „Àâ ≈ ¥°“√≈ß∑ÿ π ®“°‰∑¬
°Á‰¥â„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ π—°≈ß∑ÿπ
 à«π„À≠à¡“À≈Õ°≈«ß·≈–‡Õ“‡ª√’¬∫
§π≈“«, ∫“ߧπµâ Õ ß°“√∂à « ߧ«“¡
‡®√‘ ≠ ¢Õß≈“« ‡¢â “ ¡“®Õß‚§√ß°“√
‡æ◊ËÕ°’¥°—π°“√≈ß∑ÿπ¢Õß™“µ‘Õ◊Ëπ. §π
°≈ÿà¡π’ȵâÕß°“√„Àâπ“¬∑ÿπ‰∑¬≈¥∏ÿ√°‘®
∑’ËÀ“°”‰√ ·≈–ºŸ°¢“¥√«¡∑—Èß∑’Ë¡’º≈
∑”≈“¬ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õß≈“«. Õ¬à“߉√°Á
¥’ª√–™“°√„π°“√»÷°…“‡°◊Õ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
µâÕß°“√„Àâ¡’°“√¢¬“¬°“√§â“°—∫‰∑¬
·≈–„Àâ π— ° ∏ÿ √ °‘ ® ‰∑¬‡¢â “ ‰ª≈ß∑ÿ π „π
≈“«‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬Õ¬Ÿà∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π∑’Ë
«à“π—°∏ÿ√°‘®ºŸ≈â ß∑ÿπ„π≈“«µâÕß欓¬“¡
∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°¢Õß™“«≈“«
¬÷¥À≈—°§«“¡¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡„π∑“ß°“√§â“
¢Õß∑—È ß  ÕßΩÉ “ ¬ ‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ° “√§∫À“
 ¡“§¡°— π π—È π ¡’ ≈— ° …≥–‡ªì π °“√
§∫À“°—π√–¬–¬“«.
„πª√–‡¥Áπ¢Õß°“√∑’Ë«à“§π‰∑¬
™Õ∫¥Ÿ∂Ÿ°§π≈“«À√◊Õ‰¡àπ—Èπ ª√–™“°√
„π°“√»÷°…“ à«π„À≠à‡ÀÁπ«à“§π‰∑¬
‡ªìπæ«°∑’Ë™Õ∫¥Ÿ∂Ÿ°≈“«¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥„π
‚≈°, ‚¥¬»‘≈ªîπ π—°√âÕß ·≈–¥“√“
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
‚∑√∑—»πå ‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¥Ÿ∂Ÿ°§π≈“«¡“°
∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ , √Õß≈ß¡“§◊ Õ  ◊Ë Õ ¡«≈™π.
πÕ°®“°π’È„π¥â“𧫓¡®√‘ß„®∑’ˉ∑¬¡’
µàÕ≈“«π—Èπ  “¡—≠™π≈“«§‘¥«à“‰∑¬¡’
§«“¡®√‘ß„®µàÕ≈“«¡“°°«à“ºŸâπ”·≈–
π—°»÷°…“≈“«„π‰∑¬´÷Ëß à«π„À≠à‡ÀÁπ
«à“°—¡æŸ™“¡’§«“¡®√‘ß„®µàÕ≈“«¡“°
°«à“‰∑¬. ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë≈“«®—¥Õ—π¥—∫„Àâ
¡’§«“¡®√‘ß„®µàÕ≈“«‡ªìπÕ—π¥—∫ Ò §◊Õ
‡«’ ¬ ¥π“¡.  à « π„π¥â “ 𧫓¡πà “
‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õπ—È𠇫’¬¥π“¡ ≠’˪ÿÉπ ·≈–®’π ¡’
§«“¡πà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ ”À√—∫≈“«¡“°°«à“
‰∑¬, ·µà‰∑¬°Á¥Ÿπà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ¡“°°«à“
°—¡æŸ™“ ·≈– À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“. ∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë
πà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥¢Õ߉∑¬„π∑—»π–
¢Õß≈“«§◊Õ π—°«‘™“°“√ ·≈–ªí≠≠“™π,
¢≥–∑’Ë ◊ËÕ¡«≈™π ¥“√“‚∑√∑—»πå π—°
· ¥ß ·≈–π—°√âÕß ‡ªìπºŸâ∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥â
πâÕ¬¡“°.
 ”À√— ∫ ∑à “ ∑’ ¢ Õ߉∑¬∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ¿— ¬
§ÿ ° §“¡§«“¡¡—Ë π §ß¢Õß≈“«π—È π
ª√–™“°√„π°“√»÷°…“‡ÀÁπ Õ¥§≈âÕß
°— π «à “ ¿— ¬ §ÿ ° §“¡¢Õ߉∑¬µà Õ ≈“«≈¥
πâÕ¬≈ß°«à“„πÕ¥’µ ·¡â°√–π—Èπ§π≈“«
§√÷ËßÀπ÷ËߢÕߪ√–™“°√„π°“√»÷°…“°Á
¬— ß ‰¡à · πà „ ®«à “ ¿— ¬ §ÿ ° §“¡π—È π ≈¥πâ Õ ¬
®√‘ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à, ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ºŸâπ”√–¥—∫™“µ‘
§‘¥«à“‰∑¬¬—ߧÿ°§“¡§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß¢Õß
≈“«Õ¬Ÿà. πÕ°®“°π’È ºŸâµÕ∫·∫∫ Õ∫
∂“¡ à « π„À≠à ¬— ß ¡Õß«à “ ‰∑¬‡ªì π ¿— ¬
§ÿ°§“¡µàÕ≈“«Õ¬Ÿà„πÕ—π¥—∫∑’Ë Ú √Õß
®“° À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“, „π¢≥–∑’‡Ë «’¬¥π“¡
°—¡æŸ™“ ≠’˪ÿÉπ ·≈–®’ππ—Èπ¡’§π≈“«
πâ Õ ¬¡“°∑’Ë ∂◊ Õ «à “ ‡ªì π ¿— ¬ §ÿ ° §“¡µà Õ
§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß¢Õß≈“«.
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-
≈“«¡’‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß„Àâ
¥’¢÷Èπ‚¥¬¡’‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢ ”§—≠ §◊Õ ∑—È߉∑¬
·≈–≈“«µâÕߪ√—∫ª√ÿß∑—»π–∑’Ë¥’µàÕ°—π,
‚¥¬‡©æ“–√—∞∫“≈‰∑¬µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘µ“¡
¢âÕ‡√’¬°√âÕߢÕß≈“« §◊Õ ‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡
™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ„Àâ·°à≈“«¡“°¢÷πÈ . ªØ‘∫µ— µ‘ Õà
≈“«„π∞“π–‡∑à“‡∑’¬¡°—π„π∑ÿ°‚Õ°“ ,
‡®√®“µ°≈ßªí°ªíπ‡¢µ·¥π°—∫≈“«„Àâ
‡√’ ¬ ∫√â Õ ¬‚¥¬°”À𥇠â 𠵓¬ ®— ∫
µ—«ºŸâ∑’ˇ§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«µàÕµâ“π√—∞∫“≈≈“«
„π‰∑¬ àß„Àâ≈“« ·≈–§«∫§ÿ¡°≈ÿࡵàÕ
µâ“π√—∞∫“≈≈“«¡‘„À⇧≈◊ÕË π‰À«„π‰∑¬.
πÕ°®“°π’È°Á¢Õ„Àâ‰∑¬‡≈‘°π‚¬∫“¬∑’Ë¡’
≈—°…≥–√—∫„™â¡À“Õ”π“®µ–«—πµ° „Àâ
À¬ÿ¥∫‘¥‡∫◊Õπª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√凰’ˬ«°—∫
≈“« ·≈–„À⇺¬·æ√àµ√«® Õ∫§«“¡
√Ÿâ‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å≈“«Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°
µâÕß, ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„πª√–‡¥Áπ∑’Ë«à“≈“«
‡ªì𙓵‘‡Õ°√“™¡“¬“«π“π ·≈–„Àâ
‡≈‘°·π«§«“¡§‘¥«à“‰∑¬‡ªìπ„À≠à°«à“
≈“«¥â«¬.
„π à«π¿“§∑’Ë Ú ºŸâ«‘®—¬‰¥â‡≈◊Õ°
°√≥’»÷°…“ Û ‡√◊ËÕß ‚¥¬„™â‡°≥±å
À≈“¬ª√–°“√„π°“√‡≈◊Õ°‡√◊ËÕßµà“ßÊ
¡“‡ªìπ°√≥’»÷°…“ ∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊ÕµâÕß
‡ªìπ°√≥’∑¡’Ë §’ «“¡À¡“¬„π‡™‘ß«‘™“°“√
·≈–‡ªì π ª√–‚¬™πå „ π°“√π”º≈ß“π
«‘ ®— ¬ ‰ªª√–¬ÿ ° µå „ ™â „ π∑“ߪؑ ∫— µ‘ ,
‡Àµÿ°“√≥åµà“ßÊ π—ÈπµâÕ߉¡à´È”°—π∑—Èß
„π¥â“π√“°‡Àßâ“¢Õߪí≠À“ √Ÿª≈—°…≥å
¢Õߪí≠À“ «‘∏’°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“ ·≈–
º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-≈“«.
πÕ°®“°π’ȵâÕ߇ªìπ°√≥’∑’Ë¡’ª√–‡¥Áπ
§”∂“¡-§”µÕ∫Õ¬Ÿà„π¿“§∑’Ë Ò ‚¥¬∑’Ë
°√≥’ »÷ ° …“®– “¡“√∂„Àâ §”µÕ∫∑’Ë
‡ªì π °“√¬◊ π ¬— π À√◊ Õ ·¬â ß §”µÕ∫∑’Ë ‰ ¥â
∫∑«‘®“√≥åÀπ—ß ◊Õ : §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-≈“«„𠓬µ“¢Õߧπ≈“«
¯¯ˆ
√—∫®“°·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡„π¿“§∑’Ë Ò §◊Õ
 “¡“√∂®–æ‘ Ÿ®πå„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“®‘πµ¿“æ
„π¿“§∑’Ë Ò °—∫§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß„π¿“§∑’Ë
Ú ¡’§«“¡ Õ¥§≈âÕßÀ√◊Õ·µ°µà“ß°—π
Õ¬à “ ߉√À√◊ Õ ‰¡à . °√≥’ »÷ ° …“§«“¡
 —¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-≈“«„πß“π«‘®—¬π’È §◊Õ
°√≥’∫â“π√ࡇ°≈â“-∫àÕ·µπ : ¡Õß®“°
§π≈–®ÿ¥¬◊π, °√≥’™àÕ߇¡Á°-«—߇µà“ :
°“√°∫ØÀ√◊Õ°“√°àÕ°“√√⓬¢â“¡™“µ‘,
·≈–°√≥’ ç𑂧≈é : „§√∑”√⓬„§√,
´÷Ëߺ≈ √ÿª¢Õß°√≥’»÷°…“°Á “¡“√∂
æ‘  Ÿ ® πå „ Àâ ∑ √“∫«à “ ®‘ π µ¿“æ„π¿“§
∑’Ë Ò ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß„π∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘„π
¿“§∑’Ë Ú ·≈– –∑âÕπ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“¬—ß¡’
ªí≠À“Õ’°¡“°∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°°“√∑’Ë≈“«
‡¢â“„®‰∑¬º‘¥Ê, ‚¥¬∑’Ë à«πÀπ÷Ëß°Á¡“
®“°∫∑∫“∑¢Õß ◊Ë Õ ¡«≈™π¢Õß∑—È ß
 ÕßΩÉ“¬.
∫∑«‘®“√≥å
ß“π«‘®—¬π’È¡’‡π◊ÈÕÀ“∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ÒÛ
∫∑ ·∫à߇ªìπ∫∑π” Ò ∫∑ ®“°π—Èπ
·∫à ß °“√𔇠πÕ‡ªì π Ú ¿“§ §◊ Õ
¿“§∑’Ë Ò : ®‘πµ¿“æ»÷°…“ µ—Èß·µà∫∑∑’Ë
Ú ∂÷ß∫∑∑’Ë ˘ ·≈–¿“§∑’Ë Ú : °√≥’
»÷°…“ µ—Èß·µà∫∑∑’Ë Ò ∂÷ß∫∑∑’Ë ÒÚ
≈ß∑⓬¥â«¬∫∑ √ÿª. πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’
·ºπ¿“æ ·ºπ∑’Ë √Ÿª¿“æ µ“√“ß ∂‘µ‘
·≈–¿“§ºπ«°Õ’°¥â«¬.
°“√𔇠πÕ‡√◊ÕË ßπ’‡È ªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß¡’
√–∫∫ ·≈–¡’§«“¡™—¥‡®ππ—∫µ—Èß·µà‡√‘Ë¡
µâπ®πµ≈Õ¥‡√◊ËÕß ¥—ß®–‡ªìπ‰¥â®“°„π
∫∑π”´÷ËߺŸâ«‘®—¬‰¥âÕ∏‘∫“¬√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥
‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√∑”«‘®—¬„πª√–‡¥Áπµà“ßÊ
Õ¬à“ß·®à¡·®âß ‡√‘Ë¡®“°§«“¡‡ªìπ¡“

¢Õßß“π«‘®—¬,  ¡¡µ‘∞“π¢Õß°“√«‘®—¬
«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å„π°“√∑”«‘®—¬, ª√–‡¥Áπ
§”∂“¡∑’˵âÕß°“√§”µÕ∫, «‘∏’°“√«‘®—¬
°“√·∫àßß“π¢Õߧ≥–«‘®—¬ ·≈–√–¬–
‡«≈“∑”«‘®—¬. „πª√–‡¥Á𧫓¡‡ªìπ¡“
¢Õßß“π«‘®—¬π—Èπ  ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√∑’Ë
ºŸ«â ®‘ ¬— ‡ÀÁπ«à“‰∑¬°—∫≈“«¡’ “¬ —¡æ—π∏å
∑“߇™◊È Õ ™“µ‘ »“ π“ ¿“…“ ·≈–
«—≤π∏√√¡¡“‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π  “¡“√∂
查§ÿ¬°—π‰¥â‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß„™â≈à“¡ ®÷ßπà“
®–¡’§«“¡‡¢â“„®´÷Ëß°—π·≈–°—π ·≈–¡’
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑’Ë¥’µàÕ°—π, ·µàª√“°Ø«à“
µ—Èß·µà æ.». ÚıÒ¯ π—∫®“°‡¡◊ËÕ≈“«
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß°“√ª°§√Õ߇ªìπ√–∫Õ∫
 “∏“√≥√—∞ª√–™“™π≈“«‡ªìπµâπ¡“
°“√æ— ≤ π“¡‘ µ √¿“æ√–À«à “ ß Õß
ª√–‡∑»‡ªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß≈ÿà¡Ê ¥ÕπÊ ·≈–
‡™◊ËÕߙⓡ“°, ®÷ßπ”¡“ Ÿà§«“¡µâÕß°“√
»÷ ° …“«à “ §π≈“«¡Õ߉∑¬Õ¬à “ ߉√
πÕ°‡Àπ◊ Õ ®“°∑’Ë § π‰∑¬¡Õߧπ≈“«
Õ¬à“߉√·≈â«. ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ◊ËÕ„À≥⿓æ∑’Ë·∑â
®√‘ß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ Õ—π®–𔉪 Ÿà°“√æ—≤π“
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß Õߪ√–‡∑»„Àâ
¥’¢÷Èπ°«à“∑’ˇªìπÕ¬Ÿà„πªí®®ÿ∫—π.
ºŸâ«‘®—¬‰¥â· ¥ß«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å¢Õß
°“√𔇠πÕ‡π◊È Õ À“„π·µà ≈ –¿“§«à “
‡ªìπ‰ª‡æ◊ËÕ®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬Õ–‰√ ¥—ß„π
 à « π¢Õß®‘ π µ¿“æ»÷ ° …“°Á ‡ æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ºŸâ
Õà“π∑√“∫„π‡™‘ßª√‘¡“≥·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æ
®”π«π·≈–√–¥— ∫ §«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° -∑— » π–
¢Õߧπ≈“«∑’Ë ¡’ Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈µà Õ §«“¡
 —¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-≈“««à“¡Õ߉∑¬Õ¬à“߉√.
„πª√–‡¥Á π µà “ ßÊ ∑’Ë ºŸâ «‘ ®— ¬ ‡ πÕ‰«â
·≈–§π≈“«‰¥â ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ µà “ ßÊ ¡“®“°
‰Àπ‡æ◊Ë Õ „™â „ π°“√°”Àπ¥∑à “ ∑’ · ≈–
∑—»π–µàÕ‰∑¬. °“√»÷°…“„π¿“§π’È®–
ªî¬π“∂ ∫ÿππ“§
‡ªì π °“√‡º¬·æ√à Õ ß§å § «“¡√Ÿâ „ Àâ § π
‰∑¬∑√“∫·≈–‡¢â “ „®¡ÿ ¡ ¡ÕߢÕßÕ’ °
ΩÉ“¬Àπ÷Ëß ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟â∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß¡’
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ”À√—∫ ”√«® ª√—∫ª√ÿß∑—»π–
惵‘°√√¡¢Õßµπ‡Õß, ‚¥¬æ‘®“√≥“
∂÷ß∑—»π–·≈–‡Àµÿº≈¢ÕßÕ’°ΩÉ“¬Àπ÷Ëß
·≈–ª√–惵‘ªØ‘∫—µ‘µàÕ°—π∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π
·Ààߧ«“¡‡ ¡Õ¿“§.  à«π¢Õß°√≥’
»÷°…“π—Èπ°Á‡æ◊ËÕ‡ πÕ„ÀâΩÉ“¬‰∑¬·≈–
ΩÉ“¬≈“«∑√“∫«à“ „πª√–‡¥Áπµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë
æ‘æ“∑°—ππ—Èπ ·µà≈–ΩÉ“¬µà“ß°Á¡’¢âÕ
‡∑Á®®√‘ß·≈–‡Àµÿº≈¢Õßµπ, ´÷ËßÕ“®
Õ“»—¬¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ºË ¥‘ À√◊Õ∂Ÿ°°Á‰¥â ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°
·µà≈–ΩÉ“¬π—Èπ¡’√–∫∫§«“¡§‘¥ ·≈–
‚§√ß √â“ß∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß∑’˵à“ß°—π, ®÷ß
¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇√’¬π√Ÿâ´÷Ëß°—π ·≈–
°— π . ∑â “ ¬∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ °“√«‘ ®— ¬ π’È °Á ® –‡ªì π
ª√–‚¬™πå · °à √— ∞ ∫“≈¢Õß∑—È ß  Õß
ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë®–‰¥â„™â‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ª√–°Õ∫
°“√æ‘ ® “√≥“°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬µà “ ß
ª√–‡∑»·≈–¥”‡π‘ π ß“π∑“ß°“√∑Ÿ µ
∫πæ◊È π ∞“π¢Õߧ«“¡√Ÿâ ∑’Ë · ∑â ® √‘ ß ‚¥¬
§”π÷ ß ∂÷ ß º≈ª√–‚¬™πå √à « ¡°— π Õ¬à “ ß
‡ ¡Õ¿“§ (Àπâ“ Û), æ√âÕ¡°—ππ—ÈπºŸâ
«‘®¬— ‰¥â· ¥ß®ÿ¥¬◊π·Ààߧ«“¡‡ªìπ°≈“ß
¢Õßµπ„π°“√∑”«‘®—¬ ‚¥¬°≈à“««à“ºŸâ
«‘®¬— 欓¬“¡∑”µ—«‡ªìπ§π Õß —≠™“µ‘
(‰∑¬·≈–≈“«) ‡æ◊ËÕ§âπÀ“§«“¡®√‘ß«à“
§π≈“«¡Õ߉∑¬Õ¬à“߉√ ·≈–ª√–‡¥Áπ
∑’Ë À ¬‘ ∫ ¬°¢÷È π ¡“∑¥ Õ∫°≈ÿà ¡ §π≈“«
´÷Ë߇ªìπª√–™“°√„π°√≥’»÷°…“π—Èπ ºŸâ
«‘®—¬‡≈◊Õ°‡Õ“‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ëßà“¬ Ê ¡“„ÀâµÕ∫
§”∂“¡‡æ◊Ë Õ ‰¡à „ Àâ ºŸâ µ Õ∫‡°‘ ¥ §«“¡
 —∫ π®π‡°‘π‰ª (Àπâ“ Ú).
‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ∫√√≈ÿ«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å„π°“√
∑”«‘®¬— ¥—ß°≈à“« ºŸ«â ®‘ ¬— ‰¥âµßÈ—  ¡¡µ‘∞“π
¯¯˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
„π°“√»÷°…“‰«â«à“ ¡πÿ…¬å‡ªìπ —µ«å∑’Ë¡’
‡Àµÿº≈ §‘¥∂÷ߪ√–‚¬™πå·≈–‡µÁ¡„®∑’Ë
®–ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß µ— « „π∫√√¬“°“»∑’Ë ‡ Õ◊È Õ
Õ”π«¬, ·µàªí®®—¬ ”§—≠∑’Ë®–π”¡“
„™â ª √— ∫ ª√ÿ ß µπ‡Õßπ—È π ®–µâ Õ ß√Ÿâ
 ∂“π¿“æªí®®ÿ∫—π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫ªí≠À“
µà“ßÊ °àÕπ, ¥—ßπ—ÈπºŸâ«‘®—¬®÷ßµâÕß°“√∑’Ë
®–‡ πÕÕß§å § «“¡√Ÿâ ‡ ∫◊È Õ ßµâ π ‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ
ΩÉ “ ¬‰∑¬·≈–ΩÉ “ ¬≈“«√Ÿâ «à “ „π∫“ß
ª√–‡¥Áπ¢Õߧ«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-≈“«π—πÈ
§π≈“«·≈–§π‰∑¬¡’®‘πµ¿“æ·≈–¡ÿ¡
¡ÕßÕ¬à “ ߉√ ´÷Ë ß ∂â “ ∑—È ß ‰∑¬·≈–≈“«
æ ¬ “ ¬ “ ¡  ◊ ∫ §â π À “ § « “ ¡ ® √‘ ß „ π
ª√–‡¥Áπªí≠À“∑’Ë°àÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°
∑’ˉ¡à¥’µàÕ°—π ·≈â« ”√«®µ—«‡Õß ·≈–
ª√—∫ª√ÿßµπ‡Õß æ√âÕ¡°—∫„À⧟à°√≥’
∑√“∫ªí ≠ À“·≈â « ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß π‚¬∫“¬
·≈–惵‘°√√¡¢Õ߇¢“¥â«¬. ¥—ßπ—Èπ
°“√欓¬“¡≈¥™àÕß«à“ß√–À«à“ß  ‘Ëß∑’Ë
‡ªìπ®√‘ß ·≈– ‘Ëß∑’˧«√‡ªìπ°Á®–‡√Á«¢÷Èπ
(Àπâ“ Û).
ª √ “ ° Ø «à “ ß “ π «‘ ®— ¬ π’È µ Õ ∫
 ¡¡µ‘∞“π∑’˺Ÿâ«‘®—¬µ—È߉«âπ—Ëπ§◊Õ Õߧå
§«“¡√Ÿâ‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ∑’˺Ÿâ«‘®—¬‡ πÕ®–∑”„Àâ
∑—È߉∑¬·≈–≈“«‡¢â“„®Õ’°ΩÉ“¬Àπ÷Ë߉¥â¥’
¬‘Ë ß ¢÷È π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‰∑¬®–‰¥â √— ∫ √Ÿâ
®‘ π µ¿“æ·≈–¡ÿ ¡ ¡ÕߢÕß≈“«„π
ª√–‡¥Áπµà“ßÊ ´÷Ë߉¡à‡§¬ª√“°Ø„π
≈—°…≥–‡™‘ß«‘™“°“√‡™àππ’¡È “°àÕπ ‰¥â·°à
ª√–‡¥Á π ¢Õß°“√∑’Ë ‰ ∑¬‡ªì π ¡‘ µ √∑’Ë ¥’
¢Õß≈“«À√◊Õ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß„¥, °“√„À⧫“¡
™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬ : ºŸâ„Àâ·≈–ºŸâ√—∫
µâÕß°“√Õ–‰√ °“√§â“ ·≈–°“√≈ß∑ÿπ∑’Ë
≈“«ª√“√∂π“, §π‰∑¬™Õ∫¥Ÿ∂Ÿ°≈“«
®√‘ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß„¥, §«“¡®√‘ß„®·≈–
§«“¡πà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ¢Õß≈“«µàÕ‰∑¬, ‰∑¬
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
‡ªìπ¿—¬µàÕ§«“¡¡—πË §ß¢Õß≈“«‡æ’¬ß„¥
·≈–§«“¡À«—ß„π°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß —¡æ—π∏-
¿“æ‰∑¬-≈“«„À⥒¢÷Èπ. ª√–‡¥Áπ¥—ß
°≈à“«π”‰ª Ÿà§«“¡‡¢â“„®°√≥’»÷°…“
´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«π –∑âÕπ®‘πµ¿“æ»÷°…“„π
 ∂“π°“√≥å®√‘ßÕ¬à“߇À¡“– ¡ ‰¥â·°à
°√≥’∫â“π√ࡇ°≈â“-∫àÕ·µπ, °√≥’¥à“π
™àÕ߇¡Á°-«—߇µà“ ·≈–°√≥’ ç𑂧≈é.
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’°“√∑’Ë®–π”¡“ Ÿà°“√ ”√«®
µπ‡Õß ·≈–ª√—∫ª√ÿßµπ‡Õß´÷Ëß àߺ≈
µà Õ °“√¥”‡π‘ π π‚¬∫“¬µà Õ °— π Õ— π ®–
∑”„À⧫“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»
∑—Èß Õß¡’§«“¡°â“«Àπâ“·πàπ·øÑπ¢÷Èπ
π—Èπ¬—߇ªìπ ¡¡µ‘∞“π∑’˵âÕßæ‘ Ÿ®πåµàÕ
‰ªÕ’°¢—ÈπÀπ÷Ëß.
„π°“√∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ §«“¡‡¢â “ „®∑’Ë
™—¥‡®π·°àºŸâÕà“π πÕ°®“°ºŸâ«‘®—¬®–‰¥â
·∫à ß ‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë »÷ ° …“ÕÕ°‡ªì π  Õß¿“§
‚¥¬√–∫ÿ‡Àµÿº≈·Ààß°“√·∫à߉«â Õ—π
‡ªìπ°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡‡¢â“„®·°àºŸâÕà“πµ—Èß
·µà‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ·≈â«, ºŸâ«‘®—¬¬—ß𔇠πÕ
ª√–‡¥Á 𠧔∂“¡„π·µà ≈ –∫∑‚¥¬‡√‘Ë ¡
®“°§”π” µ“¡¥â « ¬‡π◊È Õ À“´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π
®‘ π µ¿“æ»÷ ° …“Õ¬à “ ß™— ¥ ‡®π ‡™à π
‡¥’¬«°—∫°√≥’»÷°…“´÷Ë߇√‘Ë¡®“°§”π”
µ“¡¥â«¬¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß ·≈–‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∑’Ë
‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π . °“√¡Õߪí ≠ À“„π°√≥’ ¥— ß
°≈à“«¢ÕßΩÉ“¬‰∑¬·≈–ΩÉ“¬≈“« ®∫≈ß
¥â « ¬ √ÿ ª ¢â Õ  — ß ‡°µ ·≈–¢â Õ §‘ ¥
π Õ ° ® “ ° π’È ¬— ß ¡’ ∫ ∑  ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬   √ÿ ª
¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß ¢âÕ§‘¥ ¢âÕ —߇°µ ·≈–¢âÕ
‡ πÕ·π–√«¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥®”π«π ÒÚ ¢âÕ
(Àπâ “ Ò˘Ù-Ò˘˘) ´÷Ë ß ≈â « π‡ªì π
ª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ°“√æ—≤𓧫“¡ —¡æ—π∏å
¢Õß∑—Èß ÕßΩÉ“¬, ‡™àπ ≈“«§«√ à߇ √‘¡
„À⺟âπ”√–¥—∫µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë∑”ß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-≈“«¡’‚Õ°“ ªØ‘-
 —¡æ—π∏å·≈°‡ª≈’Ë¬π§«“¡√Ÿâ ·≈–§«“¡
‡ÀÁπ°—∫ΩÉ“¬‰∑¬¡“°¢÷πÈ ;  à«πΩÉ“¬‰∑¬
Õ”π“®√— ∞ ∑ÿ ° √–¥— ∫ §«√‡πâ π °“√„Àâ
‡°’¬√µ‘·°àΩÉ“¬≈“«¡“°¢÷Èπ. °“√π”
‡ πÕ¥— ß °≈à “ «„™â µ— « ‡≈¢‡ªì π ¢â Õ
°”Àπ¥ª√–‡¥Á 𠇪ì π ‡√◊Ë Õ ßʉª∑—È ß
ª√–‡¥Á π „À≠à · ≈–ª√–‡¥Á π ¬à Õ ¬„π
·µà ≈ –À— « ¢â Õ , ‚¥¬·∫à ß ·≈–°”Àπ¥
À—«¢âÕ‡ªìπµ—«‡≈¢„À≠à·≈–µ—«‡≈¢¬àÕ¬
µ“¡µ—«‡≈¢¢Õß∫∑ ‡™àπ ∫∑∑’Ë Ú ¡ÿ¡
¡ÕߢÕß≈“«‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ §«“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å
‰∑¬-≈“« (Àπâ “ ÒÛ-ÚÚ) °Á · ∫à ß
ª√–‡¥Áπ‡ªìπ Ú.Ò §”π”, Ú.Ú °“√
√— ∫ √Ÿâ ¢à “ « “√‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ §«“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å
‰∑¬-≈“«¢Õߧπ≈“«, Ú.Û Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈
¢Õß ◊ËÕ¡«≈™π‰∑¬, Ú.Ù §π≈“«‰¥â
¢à“«‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬À√◊Õ惵‘-
°√√¡¢Õߧπ‰∑¬¡“®“°‰Àπ ·≈– Ú.ı
§π≈“«√Ÿâ ®— ° ‰∑¬¥’ ‡ æ’ ¬ ß„¥. °“√π”
‡ πÕ®–„™â√–∫∫π’ȵ≈Õ¥∑—È߇√◊ËÕß ´÷Ëß°Á
®–∑”„À⺟âÕà“π‰¡àÀ≈ߪ√–‡¥Áπ ·≈–
 “¡“√∂µ‘¥µ“¡‡√◊ËÕ߉¥âßà“¬ ¡’ à«π
∑”„À⇢Ⓞ®‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë𔇠πÕ‰¥âßà“¬¢÷Èπ
·¡â«à“∫“ß∫∑®–¡’µ—«‡≈¢·¬°¬àÕ¬≈ß
‰ª¡“°°Á µ “¡ ‡™à π Ò.ı.Ú.Ò
Ò.ı.Ú.Ú „π∫∑∑’Ë Ò. °“√„Àâ
µ—«‡≈¢‡™àππ’¬È ß— √«¡‰ª∂÷ß·ºπ¿“æ ‡™àπ
ÒÒ.Ò · ¥ß∑’ˇ°‘¥‡Àµÿ™à«ß‡¡Á°-«—߇µà“
(Àπâ “ ÒÙÚ) ·ºπ∑’Ë ‡™à π Ò.Ù
·ºπ∑’Ë ·  ¥ß‡ â π ·∫à ß ‡¢µ·¥π‰∑¬-
≈“« ™à « ßÀ¡Ÿà ∫â “ π√à ¡ ‡°≈â “ -∫à Õ ·µπ
µ“¡À≈—°∞“π¢ÕßΩÉ“¬≈“« (Àπâ“ ÒÛÙ)
·≈–µ“√“ß ∂‘µ‘ ‡™àπ ¯.Ò ∑à“π√Ÿâ ÷°«à“
‰∑¬§ÿ°§“¡§«“¡¡—πË §ß¢Õß≈“«À√◊Õ‰¡à
(Àπâ“ ˜˘).
∫∑«‘®“√≥åÀπ—ß ◊Õ : §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-≈“«„𠓬µ“¢Õߧπ≈“«
¯¯¯
°“√𔇠πÕ¥— ß °≈à “ «πÕ°®“°
∑”„À⺟âÕà“π‡¢â“„®·≈–µ‘¥µ“¡‡√◊ËÕ߉¥â
ßà“¬·≈â« ¬—ß∑”„Àâß“π«‘®—¬¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ
√–∫∫·≈–‡ªìπ‡Õ°¿“æ¥â«¬ ¬‘Ëß°«à“
π—Èπ°“√∑’˺Ÿâ‡¢’¬π„™â·ºπ¿“æ ·ºπ∑’Ë
µ“√“ß ∂‘µ‘ ·≈–√Ÿª¿“æ ‡ªìπ®”π«π
¡“°¡“ª√–°Õ∫°“√Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬‡π◊È Õ À“
Õ¬à“߇À¡“– ¡ ‡™àπ ·ºπ¿“æ· ¥ß
 ∂“π∑’ˇ°‘¥‡Àµÿ™àÕ߇¡Á°-«—߇µà“ (Àπâ“
ÒÙÚ), ·ºπ∑’Ë∑’Ë· ¥ßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ëæ‘æ“∑
°—π√–À«à“߉∑¬°—∫≈“« : ∫â“π√ࡇ°≈â“-
∫àÕ·µπ (Àπâ“ ˘¯), µ≈Õ¥®πµ“√“ß
 ∂‘µ‘· ¥ß®‘πµ¿“æ¢Õߧπ≈“«µàÕ§π
‰∑¬ µ—Èß·µà∫∑∑’Ë Ú ∂÷ß∫∑∑’Ë ˘ °Á
∑”„Àâ ° “√𔇠πÕß“π«‘ ®— ¬ π’È ¡’ § «“¡
‡ªìπ√Ÿª∏√√¡ ´÷ËßπÕ°®“°°àÕ„À⇰‘¥
§«“¡‡¢â“„®·°àºâŸÕà“π¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ·≈â« ¬—ß
∑”„Àâ ° “√𔇠πÕ¡’ ≈— ° …≥– ¡‡Àµÿ
 ¡º≈, ¡’§«“¡πà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ, ¡’™’«‘µ™’«“
πà“ π„® ™«πµ‘¥µ“¡¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ.
πÕ°®“°π’È °“√𔇠πÕß“π«‘®—¬
π’È¡’≈—°…≥–µ√߉ªµ√ß¡“ ‰¡à‰¥â‚πâ¡
‡Õ’¬ß‡¢â“¢â“ßΩÉ“¬„¥ ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á
«‘®“√≥å∑—ÈßΩÉ“¬‰∑¬·≈–≈“«„π‡™‘ß«‘™“
°“√Õ¬à “ ߇∑’Ë ¬ ß∏√√¡µ“¡À≈— ° ∞“π∑’Ë
ª√“°Ø ‚¥¬∑’˺Ÿâ‡¢’¬π‰¥â‡ πÕ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
µà “ ßÊ ´÷Ë ß ¡’ ≈— ° …≥–√Õ∫¥â “ π ∑—È ß
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ à«π¢Õ߉∑¬·≈–≈“« √«¡∂÷ß
 ◊ËÕ¡«≈™π¢Õß∑—Èß Ú ΩÉ“¬ ·¡â°√–∑—Ëß
°“√ÕÕ°«‘ ®— ¬ ¿“§ π“¡‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ‰ ¥â
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‚¥¬µ√ߢÕߧ≥–ºŸâ«‘®—¬¥â«¬.
πÕ°®“°π’È °√–∫«π°“√∑’Ë®–π”
¡“ Ÿà ° “√𔇠πÕº≈ß“π«‘ ®— ¬ π’È °Á ¡’
≈—°…≥–‡∑’ˬߵ√ß‚¥¬ºà“π°“√¥”‡π‘π
°“√‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ‰ ¥â ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ Õ¬à “ ß√Õ∫¥â “ π
‡√‘Ë¡µ—Èß·µà°“√°”Àπ¥§π≈“«´÷Ë߇ªìπ

ª√–™“°√„π°“√»÷°…“∂÷ß ÚÒˆ §π
´÷Ë߬—ß·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ Ù ª√–‡¿∑ §◊Õ
°≈ÿࡺŸâπ”√–¥—∫™“µ‘, °≈ÿࡺŸâπ”·¢«ß,
°≈ÿà¡π—°»÷°…“≈“«„π‰∑¬ ·≈–§π≈“«
∑’ˢⓡ¥à“π¡“¬—ßΩíò߉∑¬ π—∫‡ªìπ°“√
°”Àπ¥ª√–™“°√„π°“√»÷ ° …“∑’Ë ¡’
®”π«π·≈– ∂“π¿“æ‡À¡“– ¡¡“°
æÕ∑’Ë®–„À≥⧔µÕ∫´÷Ë߇ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë®–
¡“µ√«® Õ∫´÷Ëß°—π·≈–°—π ®π∑”„Àâ
‰¥â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ëπà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥â æ√âÕ¡°—ππ—Èπ
„π à«π¢Õß¿“§ºπ«°°Á· ¥ß·∫∫ Õ∫
∂“¡∑’Ë„™â„πß“π«‘®—¬®”π«π ÚÙ ¢âÕ
·≈–¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°’ˬ«°—∫ºŸâ„Àâ —¡¿“…≥å („™â
‡©æ“–§π≈“«∑’¢Ë “â ¡ºà“π¡“‰∑¬) Õ’° Ù
¢âÕ (Àπâ“ ÚÒ-Ú˘) ´÷Ëß∑”„À⺟â
Õà “ π‰¥â ‡ ÀÁ π ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡¢ÕߺŸâ «‘ ®— ¬
Õ— π ®–∑”„Àâ   “¡“√∂æ‘ ® “√≥“‰¥â «à “
·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡π—Èπ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ‡ªìπ
º≈ ‡∑’ˬߵ√ß ·≈–„™â‰¥âÕ¬à“߇À¡“–
 ¡À√◊ Õ ‰¡à ´÷Ë ß ‡¡◊Ë Õ æ‘ ® “√≥“¥Ÿ · ≈â «
·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡°Á¡’§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡∑’Ë®–
„À≥⧔µÕ∫µ√ßµ“¡‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë«‘®—¬. ¥—ß
π—È π ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡¥— ß °≈à “ «®÷ ß π”¡“ Ÿà
°“√‰¥â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’˺Ÿâ«‘®—¬®–π”¡“«‘‡§√“–Àå
µ’§«“¡‰¥â ´÷ËߺŸâ«‘®—¬°Á· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ
«à “ °“√π”¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ¡“„™â ∑—È ß ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ®“°
°“√ —¡¿“…≥å ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡Õ° “√µà“ß Ê
√«¡∑—È ß ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ®“°°“√ ”√«®¿“§
  π “ ¡ π—È π ¡’ ° “ √ µ √ « ®   Õ ∫ Õ ¬à “ ß
√Õ∫§Õ∫·≈–√Õ∫¥â “ π·≈â « 𔇠πÕ
ªî¬π“∂ ∫ÿππ“§
Õ¬à“ßµ√߉ªµ√ß¡“ ¥Ÿ‡À¡◊Õπª√“»-
®“°Õ§µ‘‡¢â“¢â“ßΩÉ“¬„¥ À√◊Õ∂â“®–¡’
∫â“ß°ÁπâÕ¬¡“°  ¡¥—ß®ÿ¥¬◊π∑’˺Ÿâ«‘®—¬‰¥â
ª√–°“»‰«âµ—Èß·µà‡√‘Ë¡·√°„π∫∑π”.
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ß“π«‘®—¬π’È¡’®ÿ¥∑’ËÕ“®
°≈à“«‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ¢âÕ¥âÕ¬‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬
„𠓬µ“¢ÕߺŸâ«‘®“√≥å§◊Õ „π¿“§∑’Ë Ò
 à«π∑’ˇªìπ®‘πµ¿“æ»÷°…“ ´÷ËߺŸâ«‘®—¬
𔇠πÕ‡ªì π ª√–‡¥Á 𠧔∂“¡°≈ÿà ¡
ª√–™“°√„π°“√»÷°…“·µà≈–ª√–‡¥Áπ
„π·µà≈–∫∑π—Èπ ∑”„Àâ¡’∫∑µà“ßÊ „π
 à«ππ’È∂÷ß ¯ ∫∑ (∫∑∑’Ë Ú ∂÷ß∫∑∑’Ë ˘)
·≈–·µà≈–∫∑¡’‡æ’¬ß‰¡à°’ËÀπâ“ (∫∑≈–
ª√–¡“≥ Ò-Ú Àπâ“). ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“·µà
≈–∫∑¡ÿàßÕ∏‘∫“¬ Ÿàª√–‡¥Áπ∑’˵âÕß°“√
‚¥¬¢“¥°“√æ√√≥𓧫“¡∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
 ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß„π·µà≈–∫∑ ´÷Ëß„π·ßàÀπ÷Ëß°Á
∑”„Àâ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“¡’§«“¡µ√߉ªµ√ß¡“·≈–
°√–™— ∫ , ·µà „ πÕ’ ° ·ßà À π÷Ë ß °Á ∑”„Àâ
°“√𔇠πÕ§àÕπ¢â“ß ç·Àâßé ‚¥¬∑’Ë
§«“¡ß“¡·≈–§«“¡ ≈– ≈«¬¢Õß
¿“…“¥Ÿ®–¢“¥‰ª.  à«π„π¥â“π°“√„™â
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π°“√«‘®—¬π—Èπ ß“π«‘®—¬π’È„Àâ
§«“¡ ”§— ≠ µà Õ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ® “°°“√
 —¡¿“…≥å¡“°°«à“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡Õ° “√ ´÷Ëß
Õ“®®–‡ªì 𠧫“¡µ—È ß „®¢ÕߺŸâ «‘ ®— ¬ ∑’Ë
µâÕß°“√»÷°…“∑—»π–¢Õß™“«≈“«, ·µà
„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π∂â“π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡Õ° “√
„πª√–‡¥Áπ‡¥’¬«°—π¡“»÷°…“ª√–°Õ∫
¥â«¬°Á®–∑”„Àâº≈ √ÿª¢Õß°“√»÷°…“¡’
¯¯˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
§«“¡™—¥‡®π ‡∑’ˬߵ√ß·≈–√Õ∫¥â“π
¬‘Ë ß ¢÷È π . ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡Õ° “√æ«°π’È ‡™à π
∫—π∑÷° à«πµ—« ¢âÕ§«“¡„π ‘Ëßæ‘¡æå∑’Ë
· ¥ß§«“¡§‘ ¥ ‡ÀÁ π ·≈–®¥À¡“¬
‚µâ µ Õ∫ ´÷Ë ß ºŸâ «‘ ® “√≥å §‘ ¥ «à “ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈
‡Õ° “√¥— ß °≈à “ «πà “ ®–æÕÀ“‰¥â .
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ‡√◊ËÕßπ’È°Á¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ºŸâ«‘®—¬«à“
µâ Õ ß°“√„™â «‘ ∏’ ° “√»÷ ° …“·∫∫„¥‡ªì π
À≈—°. ºŸâ«‘®“√≥å‡ÀÁπ«à“°“√„™â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
§«√„™â ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ∑—È ß ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡Õ° “√·≈–
¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ®“°°“√ — ¡ ¿“…≥å ¡ “»÷ ° …“
√à«¡°—π.
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ‚¥¬¿“æ√«¡·≈â«
ß“π«‘®—¬‡√◊ËÕßπ’È· ¥ß∂÷ߧ«“¡æ¬“¬“¡
¢Õߧ≥–ºŸâ «‘ ®— ¬ „π°“√»÷ ° …“·≈–π”
‡ πÕº≈ √ÿª¢Õß°“√«‘®—¬Õ¬à“߇∑’ˬß
∏√√¡ µ√߉ªµ√ß¡“ ·≈–‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå
µàÕºŸâ π„®‡√◊ËÕßπ’È ‚¥¬‡©æ“–µàÕºŸâ¡’
∫∑∫“∑„π°“√°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬ ·≈–
¥”‡π‘ππ‚¬∫“¬§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß
ª√–‡∑»∑—ÈßΩÉ“¬≈“«·≈–ΩÉ“¬‰∑¬, ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘ËßΩÉ“¬‰∑¬π—Èπ ç°“√√Ÿâ‡¢“
√Ÿâ‡√“é π—Èπ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß ”§—≠∑’Ë ÿ¥µàÕ°“√
¥”‡π‘𧫓¡ —¡æ—π∏å°∫— ª√–‡∑»µà“ß Ê
 ¡¥—ß∑’˺Ÿâ«‘®—¬‰¥â°≈à“«‰«â„π à«π∫∑π”
µÕπÀπ÷ßË «à“ ç...π‚¬∫“¬∑’¥Ë ·’ ≈–Ցߺ≈
ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õߪ√–™“™π¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥
§◊Õ Õ“»—¬§«“¡®√‘ß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √Ÿâ®—°
‡¢“√Ÿ®â °— ‡√“¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ ...é.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002 ®¥À¡“¬∂÷ß

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπ„π¿“…“‰∑¬

‡√’¬π ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

º¡‰¥âÕ“à π®¥À¡“¬∂÷ß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√‡√◊ÕË ß ç¿“…“‰∑¬°—∫‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπé „π«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

©∫—∫‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π-¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π ÚıÙı ·≈–§”µÕ∫¢Õß∑à“π∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ ´÷Ëߺ¡√⟠÷°«à“∑à“π‰¥âµÕ∫‰ª∑”πÕß·∫àß
√—∫·∫àß âŸ. ∫—߇Ց≠º¡¡’ ”‡π“∫∑§«“¡‡√◊ËÕß ç°“√·π–π”°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπ„π¿“…“‰∑¬é ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß‚¥¬
§ÿ≥π‘¬¡ «“®“ππ∑å ´÷ßË ¡Õ∫„À⺡‡¡◊ÕË ‡√Á«Ê π’È º¡®÷ß àß¡“„Àâ∑“à πæ‘®“√≥“π”≈ßæ‘¡æ剫â‡æ◊ÕË ‡ªìπ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ßµàÕ‰ª.

»“ µ√“®“√¬å‡°’¬√µ‘§ÿ≥ πæ.Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«–

𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

·π–π”°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπ„π¿“…“‰∑¬Ò
°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπ„π¿“…“‰∑¬ ª√“°Ø«à“‰¥â¡’°“√„™â°—π¡“π“π·≈â« µ—Èß·µà ¡—¬¡’µ”√“‡°’ˬ«°—∫
À≈—°¿“…“‰∑¬ ‡™àπ À≈—°¿“…“‰∑¬ (Õ—°¢√«‘∏’, «®’«‘¿“§, «“°¬ —¡æ—π∏å, ·≈–©—π∑≈—°…≥å) ¢Õßæ√–¬“Õÿª°‘µ»‘≈ª-
 “√. ·µà∂â“∂“¡ª√–™“™π§π‰∑¬ ¡—¬ªí®®ÿ∫—π„π«—¬ ˆ ªï≈ß¡“  à«π„À≠à®–∫Õ°«à“‰¡à‰¥â‡√’¬πÀ≈—°¿“…“‰∑¬‡≈à¡
¥—ß°≈à“«π’È ∑—ßÈ π’‡È æ√“–‰¡à¡’°“√ Õπ„π‚√߇√’¬π —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß»÷°…“∏‘°“√¡“π“π·≈â«.
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π´÷ßË  —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß»÷°…“∏‘°“√ æ÷ßË ®–¡“√◊ÕÈ øóπô °“√„™â‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπ„π¿“…“‰∑¬
‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ ‘ßÀ“§¡ ÚıÚı; ‰¥â·µàßµ—Èߧ≥–°√√¡°“√™ÿ¥Àπ÷Ëß‚¥¬¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ‡√’¬°«à“§≥–°√√¡°“√°”Àπ¥
À≈—°‡°≥±å‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√„™â¿“…“‰∑¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ°”Àπ¥À≈—°‡°≥±å°“√‡¢’¬π, °“√Õà“π, °“√„™â¿“…“‰∑¬ ·≈– à߇ √‘¡
°“√„™â¿“…“‰∑¬ „À⇪ìπ‡Õ°¿“懥’¬«°—π.
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‰¥â®¥— æ‘¡æåÀπ—ß ◊Õ çÀ≈—°‡°≥±å°“√„™â‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπ·≈–‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬Õ◊πË Êé
‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ¡’π“§¡ ÚıÛ ·≈–§√—Èß∑’Ë ı ‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ∏—𫓧¡ ÚıÛÛ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√ à߇ √‘¡·≈–‡º¬·æ√à
À≈—°‡°≥±å°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπ¥—ß°≈à“«. ºâŸ‡¢’¬π®÷߉¥â‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡‡√◊ËÕß ç·π–π”°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬
«√√§µÕπ„π¿“…“‰∑¬é µ“¡·π«¢ÕßÀ≈—°‡°≥±åœ ¥—ß°≈à“« ‚¥¬‰¥â¥—¥·ª≈ß√Ÿª·∫∫„Àâµà“ßÕÕ°‰ª∫â“ß.
«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å°Á‡æ◊ËÕµâÕß°“√„ÀâÕà“π‡¢â“„®ßà“¬¢÷Èπ ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È:-

Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«– ®¥À¡“¬∂÷ß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

¯˘
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπ„π¿“…“‰∑¬ ‡∑à“∑’Ë√«∫√«¡‰¥â¡’ ÚÙ ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬ §◊Õ

Ò. ‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬¡À—æ¿“§ µ√ß°—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…«à“ full stop À√◊Õ period ¡’√Ÿª¥—ßπ’È . ‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬
∑’Ë„™â°—π¡“°„π¿“…“µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ¿“…“µ–«—πµ° ·≈–¿“…“≠’˪Éÿ𠇪ìπµâπ ¡’À≈—°‡°≥±å°“√„™â ¥—ßπ’È
Ò.Ò „™â‡¡◊ËÕ®∫¢âÕ§«“¡À√◊Õª√–‚¬§ ‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß«à“®∫¢âÕ§«“¡À√◊Õ®∫ª√–‚¬§ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò)  ‘∫√⟉¡à‡∑à“™”π“≠.
(Ú) ∑⓬∑’ Ë ¥ÿ π’¢È “â 懮Ⓞ§√à¢Õ¢Õ∫æ√–§ÿ≥ ¡“§¡π—°‡√’¬π‡°à“≠’ªË πÉÿ ∑’‰Ë ¥â„Àâ‚Õ°“ ·°àº‡Ÿâ ¢’¬π‰¥â‡¢â“
√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡ RE-UNION §√—Èß∑’Ë ÚÚ ≥ ª√–‡∑»≠’˪Éÿπ.
Ò.Ú „™â‡¢’¬πÀ≈—ßµ—«Õ—°…√µ—«‡¥’¬«À√◊ÕÀ≈“¬µ—« ‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß«à“‡ªìπ Õ—°…√¬àÕ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) æ.∫. ¬àÕ¡“®“°§”«à“ [·æ∑¬»“ µ√∫—≥±‘µ]
(Ú) «ªÕ. ¬àÕ¡“®“°§”«à“ [«‘∑¬“≈—¬ªÑÕß°—π√“™Õ“≥“®—°√]
Ò.Û „™â‡¢’¬πÀ≈—ßµ—«Õ—°…√À√◊Õµ—«‡≈¢ ‡æ◊ËÕ∫Õ°≈”¥—∫À—«¢âÕ„À≠à·≈–À—«¢âÕ¬àÕ¬ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) ®. Õà“π«à“ [¢âÕ-®Õ]
(Ú) Ò.Û.ÒÛ Õà“π«à“ [¢âÕÀπ÷Ëß-®ÿ¥ “¡-®ÿ¥ ‘∫ “¡ (‰¡àÕà“π«à“¢âÕÀπ÷Ëß-®ÿ¥ “¡-®ÿ¥Àπ÷Ëß “¡)]
Ò.Ù „™â‡ªìπ®ÿ¥∑»π‘¬¡¢ÕßÀπ૬«—¥µà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß‡»… à«π¢ÕßÀπ૬«—¥π—ÈπÊ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) ˘.ı˘ı kHz Õà“π«à“ [‡°â“®ÿ¥ÀⓇ°â“Àâ“ °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√åµ´å]
(Ú) Ú.ı ∫“∑ Õà“π«à“ [ Õß∫“∑ Àâ“ ‘∫ µ“ߧå (À√◊Õ®–Õà“π«à“  Õß®ÿ¥Àâ“»Ÿπ¬å∫“∑ °Á‰¥â)]
Ò.ı „™â·∑π‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬§Ÿ≥„π∑“ߧ≥‘µ»“ µ√å µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) A.B À¡“¬∂÷ß A × B
(Ú) Ú.Û.Ù À¡“¬∂÷ß Ú × Û × Ù
Ò.ˆ „™â‡¢’¬π®ÿ¥∫πµ—«‡≈¢ ‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß‡»… à«π¢ÕßÀπ૬«—¥π—ÈπÊ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
.
(Ò) ˆ.˜ À¡“¬∂÷ß ˆ.˜˜˜˜.... Õà“π«à“ [À°®ÿ¥‡®Á¥‡®Á¥‡®Á¥ÊÊÊ]*
Ò.˜ „™â‡¢’¬π§—Ëπ Ÿµ√‡§¡’ ‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß Ÿµ√¢Õß “√¬àÕ¬„π “√ª√–°Õ∫„À≠à µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) CuSO4.5H2O
Ò.¯ „™â„ àÀ≈—߇§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬Õ—≠ª√–°“»À√◊Õ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬«ß‡≈Á∫ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ÀÁπ«à“®∫¢âÕ§«“¡ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) ¥—ß∑’¡Ë °’ ≈à“«‰«â„πÕ“π“ª“π µ‘ µŸ √ 祟°Õà π¿‘°…ÿ∑ß—È À≈“¬Õ“𓪓𠵑∑¿’Ë °‘ …ÿ‡®√‘≠·≈â«Õ¬à“ß
π’È ∑”„Àâ¡“°·≈â«Õ¬à“ßπ’È ®÷ß¡’º≈¡“°¡’Õ“π‘ ß å¡“°é.
(Ú) „π™à«ß√–¬–°“√„™â·ºπæ—≤𓇻√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë ˆ (ªïß∫ª√–¡“≥ ÚıÛÒ-
ÚıÛÙ ‰¥â √ÿª‰«â«à“¡’√“¬‰¥â‡©≈’ˬµàÕªïµàÕÀ—« ÙÒ, ∫“∑).
Ú. ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬®ÿ≈¿“§ µ√ß°—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…«à“ comma ¡’√Ÿª¥—ßπ’È , ‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬∑’„’Ë ™â°—π¡“°æÕÊ
°—∫¡À—æ¿“§ ¡’À≈—°‡°≥±å°“√„™â¥—ßπ’È

*§«√Õà“π«à“ À°®ÿ¥‡®Á¥ ‡®Á¥‰¡à√Ÿâ®∫

¯˘Ò
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

Ú.Ò „™â·¬°«≈’À√◊ÕÕπÿª√–‚¬§ ‡æ◊ÕË °—𧫓¡‡¢â“„® —∫ π À√◊Õ‡æ◊ÕË „À⡧’ «“¡‡¢â“„®µ√ß°—π√–À«à“ߺ⇟ ¢’¬π

°—∫ºâŸÕà“π ·≈–√–À«à“ߺâŸÕà“π°—∫ºâŸÕà“π¥â«¬°—π µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) §«“¡·°à·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ Ù Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ·°à‚¥¬Õ“¬ÿ ‡æ√“–‡°‘¥¡“π“π, ·°à‚¥¬ —ߢ“√ §◊Õ·°àµ“¡
 ¿“æ√à“ß°“¬, ·°à‚¥¬®‘µ„® §◊Õ·°à‰ªµ“¡§«“¡π÷°§‘¥, ·°à‚¥¬ —ߧ¡ §◊Õ·°à‡æ√“–‡Àµÿ·«¥≈âÕ¡.
∑—ßÈ  ’ªË √–°“√π’,È ·°à‚¥¬ —ߢ“√‡ªìπ·°à∑‡Ë’ ¥Á¥¢“¥∑’ Ë ¥ÿ ·≈–·°â‰¢‰¥â¬“°. (®“°∫∑§«“¡ ‡√◊ÕË ß·°à
Õ¬à“ß ßà“ ª“∞°∂“¢Õß πæ. ÿ¥ · ß«‘‡™’¬√ §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√廑√‘√“™æ¬“∫“≈ Û 惻®‘°“¬π ÚıÚÚ, ª√—∫ª√ÿß
·≈–¬àÕ‚¥¬ πæ.Õ«¬ ‡°µÿ ‘ßÀå).
(Ú) 𓬷¥ß∑’Ëπ—Ëߥâ“π¢«“¡◊Õ¢Õß𓬥”, ‡ªìπºâ„Ÿ À≠à∫“â π.
Ú.Ú „™â§—Ë𧔄π√“¬°“√∑’ˇ¢’¬πµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß°—πµ—Èß·µà Û √“¬°“√¢÷Èπ‰ª‚¥¬‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕß„ à‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬
®ÿ≈¿“§§—Ëπ„π√“¬°“√∑’Ë Û (´÷Ë߇ªìπ√“¬°“√ ÿ¥∑⓬) ∑’Ë¡’·≈–/À√◊Õ π”Àπâ“√“¬°“√π—ÈπÕ¬àŸ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) Õ√‘¬ —®¡’ Ù Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ ∑ÿ°¢å, ∑ÿ°¢ ¡ÿ∑—¬, ∑ÿ°¢π‘‚√∏ ·≈– ∑ÿ°¢π‘‚√∏§“¡‘π’ªØ‘ª∑“. („π∑’Ëπ’È¡’
Ù √“¬°“√).
(Ú) °√–‚®¡‰ø, ª√–¿“§“√ À√◊Õ‡√◊Õπµ–‡°’¬ß §◊ÕÀÕ Ÿß´÷Ëßµ“¡‰ø©“¬· ßÕ¬à“ß·√߉«â∫π¬Õ¥
‡æ◊ËÕ∫Õ° —≠≠“„π°“√‡¥‘π‡√◊Õ ‡ªìπµâπ.
Ú.Û „™â„π°“√‡¢’¬π∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ ¥√√™π’ ·≈–π“¡“πÿ°√¡ ‡ªìπµâπ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) ª“ ‡µÕ√å, À≈ÿ¬ å
(Ú) ≠“≥ —ß«√,  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–
(Û) ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬, √–∫Õ∫
(Ù) ‰∑¬, ª√–‡∑»
Ú.Ù „™â„πÀπ—ß ◊Õª√–‡¿∑æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ‡æ◊ÕË §—πË §«“¡À¡“¬ À√◊Õ∫∑𑬓¡¢Õߧ”∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡À¡“¬À≈“¬
Õ¬à“ß ·µà¡’§«“¡À¡“¬§≈â“¬Ê °—π µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) ·®âß °. · ¥ß„Àâ√âŸ, ∫Õ°„Àâ√âŸ, ·®âߧ«“¡ª√– ß§å,
(Ú) °√–µ◊Õ√◊Õ√âπ °. √’∫√âÕπ, ‡√àß√’∫, ¢¡’¢¡—π, ¡’„®Ωí°„ΩÉ√’∫√âÕπ.
Ú.ı „™â§—Ëπ®”π«πµ—«‡≈¢®“°À≈—°Àπ૬‰ª∑’≈– Û À≈—° ‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√π—∫‡≈¢ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) ı, Õà“π«à“ Àâ“À¡◊Ëπ ‰¡àÕà“π«à“ Àâ“ ‘∫æ—π
(Ú) Ù,,, Õà“π«à“  ’Ëæ—π≈â“π
Û. ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬Õ—≤¿“§ µ√ß°—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…«à“ semicolon ¡’√Ÿª¥—ßπ’È ; ‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬∑’ˉ¡à§àÕ¬„™â
°—π¡“°„π¿“…“‰∑¬ Õ“®‡ªìπ‡æ√“–‰¡à§âÿπ°—∫°“√„™â¥—߇™àπ„π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ¡’À≈—°‡°≥±å°“√„™â ¥—ßπ’È
Û.Ò „™â§π—Ë √–À«à“ߪ√–‚¬§∑’¡Ë √’ ªŸ ª√–‚¬§·≈–„®§«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥åլෟ ≈â« ‡æ◊ÕË · ¥ß§«“¡µàÕ‡π◊ÕË ßÕ¬à“ß„°≈â
™‘¥¢Õߪ√–‚¬§π—ÈπÊ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-

Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«– ®¥À¡“¬∂÷ß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

¯˘Ú
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

(Ò) ‡µ‚™∏“µÿ §◊Õ∏“µÿ‰ø ∏“µÿ∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–√âÕ𠧫“¡√âÕπ; „π√à“ß°“¬ ‰¥â·°à‰ø∑’ˬ—ß°“¬„ÀâÕ∫

Õàπÿ ‰ø∑’¬Ë ß— °“¬„Àâ∑√ÿ¥‚∑√¡ ‰ø∑’¬Ë ß— °“¬„Àâ°√–«π°√–«“¬ ·≈–‰ø∑’‡Ë º“Õ“À“√„Àâ¬Õà ¬. (®“°æ®π“πÿ°√¡æÿ∑∏»“ πå
©∫—∫ª√–¡«≈»—æ∑å ‚¥¬æ√–‡∑懫∑’ Àπâ“ ˜ı)
Û.Ú „™â·¬°ª√–‚¬§‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ÕÕ°®“°°—π µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) ‡¡◊ËÕπâÕ¬„Àâ‡√’¬π«‘™“; „ÀâÀ“ ‘π¡“‡¡◊ËÕ„À≠à.
(¿“…‘µ‰∑¬-Ω√—Ëß æ—π‡Õ° «’.Õ’. ‡°Õ√‘π’ «“√ “√ ¬“¡ ¡“§¡„πæ√–∫√¡√“™Ÿ∂—¡¿å ‡≈à¡∑’Ë Ò ªï
§.». Ò˘Ù)
Û.Û „™â·∫àß°≈à¡ÿ µ—«‡≈¢ ª√–‚¬§ À√◊Õ°≈à¡ÿ §”∑’¡Ë ‡’ §√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬®ÿ≈¿“§Õ¬à·Ÿ ≈â« ‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ‡ÀÁπ™—¥‡®π¬‘ßË ¢÷πÈ
·≈–‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—𧫓¡ —∫ π µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) (Ò:Ú, ı:Ò); (Ò:Û, Ú:ˆ)
(Ú) Õ√‘¬∫ÿ§§≈ §◊Õ∫ÿ§§≈ºâŸ‡ªìπÕ√‘¬–, ∑à“πºâŸ∫√√≈ÿ∏√√¡«‘‡»… ¡’ Ù §◊Õ æ√–‚ ¥“∫—π, æ√– °∑“-
§“¡’, æ√–Õ𓧓¡’ ·≈–æ√–Õ√À—πµå; ·∫àßæ‘»¥“√‡ªìπ ¯ §◊Õ æ√–‚ ¥“ªíµµ‘¡√√§ ·≈–æ√–‚ ¥“ªíµµ‘º≈, æ√–
 °∑“§“¡‘¡√√§ ·≈–æ√– °∑“§“¡‘º≈, æ√–Õ𓧓¡‘¡√√§ ·≈–æ√–Õ𓧓¡‘º≈, æ√–Õ√À—µµ¡√√§ ·≈–æ√–
Õ√À—µµº≈.
Û.Ù „™â§—Ë𧔄π√“¬°“√∑’Ë¡’®”π«π¡“°Ê ‡æ◊ËÕ®”·π°√“¬°“√ÕÕ°‡ªìπæ«°Ê µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) °“√ —¡¡π“§√—Èßπ’È ºâŸ·∑π®“°Àπ૬√“™°“√µà“ßÊ ‡¢â“√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡¥â«¬ ‡™àπ °√¡«‘™“°“√,
°√¡Õ“™’«»÷°…“„π —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß»÷°…“∏‘°“√; °√¡ªÉ“‰¡â, °√¡«‘™“°“√‡°…µ√„π —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√·≈– À°√≥å;
°√¡Õπ“¡—¬, °√¡°“√·æ∑¬å„π —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢.
Û.ı „™â„πÀπ—ß ◊Õª√–‡¿∑æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ§—πË ∫∑𑬓¡¢Õߧ” ·≈–‡æ◊ÕË §—πË Õ—°…√¬àÕ∫Õ°∑’¡Ë “¢Õߧ”
µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) °‘Ëß π.  à«π∑’Ë·¬°ÕÕ°®“°µâπ, ·¢πß; „™â‡√’¬° à«π¬àÕ¬∑’Ë·¬°ÕÕ°‰ª®“° à«π„À≠à ·µà¬—ߢ÷Èπ
լట ∫—  à«π„À≠à ‡™àπ °‘ßË Õ”‡¿Õ, °‘ßË  ∂“π’µ”√«®; ≈—°…≥π“¡‡√’¬°ß“™â“ß«à“ °‘ßË ; ‡√◊Õ™π‘¥Àπ÷ßË „π°√–∫«πæ¬ÿÀ¬“µ√“.
(Ú) °“√ÿ≠, °“√ÿ≥¬å [°“√ÿπ] π. §«“¡°√ÿ≥“ (ª;  .).
Ù. ‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬∑«‘¿“§ µ√ß°—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…«à“ colon ¡’√ªŸ ¥—ßπ’È :  à«π¡“°„™â°∫— µ—«‡≈¢ ¡’À≈—°‡°≥±å
°“√„™â ¥—ßπ’È
Ù.Ò „™â· ¥ß¡“µ√“ à«π·ºπ∑’Ë µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) ·ºπ∑’Ë¡“µ√“ à«π Ò:ı, Õà“π [¡“µ√“ à«π Àπ÷ËßµàÕÀâ“æ—π]
Ù.Ú „™â· ¥ßÕ—µ√“ à«π µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) „π°“√Àÿߢ⓫ „™â¢â“«·≈–πÈ”„πÕ—µ√“ à«π Ò:Ú Õà“π«à“ Õ—µ√“ à«π Àπ÷ËßµàÕ Õß
Ù.Û „™â· ¥ß —¥ à«π µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-

¯˘Û
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

(Ò) „π°“√º ¡§Õπ°√’µ „™âªŸπ´’‡¡πµå, À‘π ·≈–∑√“¬ „π —¥ à«π Ò:Ú:Ù ‚¥¬ª√‘¡“µ√ Õà“π«à“

„π —¥ à«π Àπ÷ËßµàÕ ÕßµàÕ ’Ë
Ù.Ù „™â· ¥ßªØ‘¿“§ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) ı:Ò = Ò:Ú Õà“π«à“ À⓵àÕ ‘∫ ‡∑à“°—∫Àπ÷ËßµàÕ Õß À√◊ÕÕ’°π—¬Àπ÷Ëß ı/Ò=Ò/Ú.
Ù.ı „™â§—Ëπ√–À«à“ß™—Ë«‚¡ß°—∫π“∑’°—∫«‘π“∑’ ‡æ◊ËÕ∫Õ°‡«≈“ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) ı:Û π. Õà“π«à“ Àâ“π“Ãî°“  “¡ ‘∫π“∑’
(Ú) Ò:Òı:Úı π. Õà“π«à“  ‘∫™—Ë«‚¡ß  ‘∫Àâ“π“∑’ ¬’Ë ‘∫Àâ“«‘π“∑’
À¡“¬‡Àµÿ π’ȇªìπÀ≈—° “°≈ ·µà√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¬—ߧ߰”Àπ¥«à“ ı.Û π. ‡ªìπµâπ.
Ù.ˆ „™â‰¢§«“¡·∑π§”«à“§◊Õ ‡æ◊ÕË Õ∏‘∫“¬¢¬“¬§«“¡¢ÕߢâÕ§«“¡π—ÈπÊ µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò) °ƒ…≥“: °ƒ…≥“ ÕππâÕß ·∫∫‡√’¬π°«’π‘æπ∏å.
Ù.˜ „™âµàÕ®“°§” 祗ßπ’È, ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È œ≈œé ‡æ◊ËÕ·®°®à“¬¢¬“¬¢âÕ§«“¡ÕÕ°‰ª µ—«Õ¬à“ß:-
(Ò)  «π¢Õß𓬮Õπ¡’º≈‰¡âÀ≈“¬™π‘¥¥—ßπ’È: ‡ß“–, ∑ÿ‡√’¬π, ¢πÿπ, ¡—ߧÿ¥, ≈“ß “¥ ·≈–≈–¡ÿ¥.
πÕ°®“°‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπ Ù ‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬ µ“¡∑’‰Ë ¥â°≈à“«¡“π’È ¬—ß¡’™ÕË◊ ‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπÕ◊πË Ê
Õ’° ∑’ˬ—ߧ߄™â„π¿“…“‰∑¬Õ¬àŸÕ’°À≈“¬‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬ ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È:-
ı. «‘¿—™¿“§ (colon and dash) :-
ˆ. ¬—µ¿‘ ß— §å (hyphen) -
˜. «ß‡≈Á∫ À√◊Õ π¢≈‘¢µ‘ (parentheses) ()
¯. «ß‡≈Á∫‡À≈’ˬ¡ (square brackets) []
˘. «ß‡≈Á∫ªï°°“ (braces) {}
Ò. ª√—»π’ (question mark) ?
ÒÒ. Õ—»‡®√’¬å (exclamation mark) !
ÒÚ. Õ—≠ª√–°“» (double quotation marks) çé
ÒÛ. Õ—≠ª√–°“»‡¥’ˬ« (single quotation marks) ùû
ÒÙ. ‰¡â¬¡° À√◊Õ ¬¡° Ê
Òı. ‰ª¬“≈πâÕ¬ À√◊Õ ‡ª¬¬“≈πâÕ¬ œ
Òˆ. ‰ª¬“≈„À≠à À√◊Õ ‡ª¬¬“≈„À≠à (et cetera, etc.) œ≈œ
Ò˜. ‰¢àª≈“ À√◊Õ ®ÿ¥‰¢àª≈“ (ellipsis, dotted line) ......
Ò¯. ‡ âπª√– (dash line)
Ò˘. ‡ ¡Õ¿“§ À√◊Õ ‡∑à“°—∫ (equals) =
Ú.  —≠ª√–°“» (underline)

Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«– ®¥À¡“¬∂÷ß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

¯˘Ù
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

ÚÒ. ∫ÿæ —≠≠“ (ditto mark) é

ÚÚ. ¡À—µ∂ —≠≠“ (paragraph) ¶
ÚÛ. ¥Õ°®—π (remark, note) ⴱ
ÚÙ. ∑—∫ (virgule, slant, slash) /
°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπ µ—Èß·µà≈”¥—∫∑’Ë ı ∂÷ß≈”¥—∫∑’Ë ÚÙ ¡’Õ∏‘∫“¬Õ¬àŸ„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ çÀ≈—°‡°≥±å°“√„™â
‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπ·≈–‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬Õ◊πË Ê À≈—°‡°≥±å°“√‡«âπ«√√§ À≈—°‡°≥±å°“√‡¢’¬π§”¬àÕé ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ
‡Õ° “√‡º¬·æ√à ™ÿ¥∑’Ë Ù ‡π◊ËÕß„π«—π ∂“ªπ“√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ÛÒ ¡’π“§¡ ÚıÛ.

À¡“¬‡Àµÿ
(Ò) ºâŸ‡¢’¬π‰¥â∑”°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß√Ÿª·∫∫°“√æ‘¡æ几’¬„À¡à „πÀπ—ß ◊Õ™◊ËÕ·ºàπ¥‘π‰∑¬-·ºàπ¥‘π∑Õß (Àπâ“
ÒÙ˜) µ“¡∑’˧≥–°√√¡°“√‚§√ß°“√ à߇ √‘¡»‘≈ª–·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡‰∑¬, ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘√à«¡®‘µµåπâÕ¡‡°≈â“œ ‡æ◊ËÕ
‡¬“«™π„πæ√–∫√¡√“™‘πŸª∂—¡¿å ‰¥âπ”≈ßµ’æ‘¡æ凪ìπ∫∑§«“¡æ‘‡»… ‚¥¬π‘¬¡ «“®“ππ∑å ‰ª‡¡◊ËÕ ÚÚ °√°Æ“§¡
ÚıÛ¯.
(Ú) ‡√◊ËÕ߇¥’¬«°—ππ’È ¡’ª√“°ØÕ¬àŸ„π «“√ “√  .π.≠.  ¡“§¡π—°‡√’¬π‡°à“≠’˪Éÿπ „πæ√–∫√¡√“™Ÿª∂—¡¿å
©∫—∫‡¥◊Õπ ¡°√“§¡-¡’π“§¡ ÚıÛ¯ Àπâ“ Ù¯.

[π‘¬¡ «“®“ππ∑å ÚÛ °—𬓬π ÚıÙÙ]

¯˘ı
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

™◊ËÕ∑’ˬ—ß —∫ π

‡√’¬π ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ÕË ‰¡àπ“π¡“π’È ¡’°“√Õ¿‘ª√“¬‡√◊ÕË ß™◊ÕË «“√ “√ çÕ’ “π

Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√åé ∑’Ë∑“ߧ≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ¢Õ„Àâ™à«¬µ—Èß™◊ËÕ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…„Àâ. ª√“°Ø«à“„π∑ÿ°
π—¥¡’ºâŸÕÕ°§«“¡‡ÀÁπ°—πÀ≈“°À≈“¬ ‰¡à§àÕ¬‡ªìπ‡Õ°©—π∑å ·¡â°√–∑—Ëß∫“ß∑à“πÕ¬“°„À⇪≈’ˬπ™◊ËÕ¿“…“‰∑¬¢Õß
«“√ “√‡ªìπ ç«“√ “√Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√åÕ’ “πé ‚¥¬§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“™◊ËÕ‡¥‘¡‰¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡À≈—°¿“…“‰∑¬ ·µà·≈â«∑’˪√–™ÿ¡
 √ÿª«à“§«√µ—È߇©æ“–™◊ËÕ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…∑’ˇ¢“¢Õ§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ¡“‡∑à“π—Èπ. ∑’˪√–™ÿ¡„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ≈à“ ÿ¥«à“§«√„™â™◊ËÕ
¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…«à“ çIsan Journal of Medicineé º¡‡Õßøíß·≈â«°Á¬—߉¡à Ÿâ‡¢â“„®π—° ·µà„π™à«ßπ’Ⱥ¡¢Õ‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ßºâŸøíß
‰ª§‘¥µ“¡‰ª¥’°«à“ ‡æ√“–„π ”π—°¡’ºâŸ√⟡“°¡“¬ ·≈–º¡µâÕ߇®’¬¡µπ«à“¬—߉¡à‚µæÕ∑’Ë®–¢÷Èπ —߇«’¬π‰¥â. ∑’ˇ¢’¬π¡“
«—ππ’ȇæ√“–¡’§«“¡π—∫∂◊Õ∑à“π∫√√≥“∏‘°“√‡ªìπ à«πµ—«¡“π“π·≈â«„π‡√◊ËÕß»—æ∑å∑—È߉∑¬·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ… ·µà‰¡à‡ÀÁπ∑à“π
ÕÕ°§«“¡‡ÀÁπ„π∑’˪√–™ÿ¡ ®÷ßÕ¬“°øíߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπ¢Õß∑à“π„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’È∫â“ß.

¢Õ· ¥ß§«“¡π—∫∂◊Õ
». ∑æ. ‘∑∏‘  . »√’‚ ¿“§

µÕ∫∑à“π√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ‘∑∏‘  . »√’‚ ¿“§

¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥Õ“®“√¬å∑„Ë’ À⇰’¬√µ‘™¡∫√√≥“∏‘°“√‡ ’¬‡≈‘»≈Õ¬. ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√‚µ„π«—¬«ÿ≤‘ ·µàΩªï “°¬—ßÕàÕ𠇫∑’
Õ¬àŸ. ‡√◊ËÕß™◊ËÕ«“√ “√∑’Ë∑“ߢÕπ·°àπ¢Õ¡“π—Èπ ®–‰¡à π„®™◊ËÕ¿“…“‰∑¬°Á∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·µà®–≈Õߧ‘¥°—ππÕ° —߇«’¬π§ß
‰¡à‡ªìπ‰√. ™◊ËÕ çÕ’ “πÕ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√åé π—ÈπÀ“°∑“߇®â“¢Õß«“√ “√µâÕß°“√ÕÕ°«“√ “√‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ßº≈ß“π«‘™“°“√
¥â“πÕ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å (·¢πßÀπ÷ßË ¢Õß·æ∑¬»“ µ√å‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫ »—≈¬»“ µ√å,  Ÿµ»‘ “ µ√å π√’‡«™«‘∑¬“ œ≈œ) ¢Õß¿“§Õ’ “π
°Á§«√‡ªìπ çÕ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√åÕ’ “πé ‡æ√“–∂Ÿ°À≈—°¿“…“‰∑¬. ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√‡™◊ËÕ«à“§ß‰¡à¡’„§√™«π°—π‰ª°‘π çÕ’ “π
Õ“À“√é (Õ“À“√Õ’ “π).  ”À√—∫™◊ÕË ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ∂⓬÷¥™◊ÕË ¿“…“‰∑¬„𧫓¡À¡“¬∑’°Ë ≈à“«¢â“ßµâππà“®–‡ªìπ Isan
Medicine ·µà∂â“®–‡µÁ¡¬»‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß°“√µ—Èß≈âÕ™◊ËÕ¿“…“‰∑¬®π‡°‘π‰ª °Á„™â The Journal of Isan Medicine
‰¡à§«√„™â Isan Journal of Medicine ‡æ√“–·æ∑¬åÕ’ “π (Õ’ “π·æ∑¬å) Õ“®ª√–∑â«ß«à“«“√ “√π—ÈπÊ ‰¡à„™à¢Õß
·æ∑¬åÕ’ “π∑—Èß¿“§ ·≈–Õ“®¢Õ√âÕß„Àâ„™â Khon Kaen Journal ·∑π. ∑’Ë«à“¡“‡ªì𧫓¡‡ÀÁπ à«πµ—« ‰¡à„™à∑“ß°“√
∂â“°√–∑∫π—°¿“…“µâÕߢÕÕ¿—¬.

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

 ‘∑∏‘  . »√’‚ ¿“§ ®¥À¡“¬∂÷ß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

¯˘ˆ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

‡√’¬π ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡ªìπÀπ—ß ◊Õ∑’¡Ë §’ ≥
ÿ §à“∑“ß«‘™“°“√Õ¬à“߬‘ßË  ”À√—∫ª√–™“™π·≈–π—°»÷°…“∑ÿ°√–¥—∫
‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√‡ πÕ∫∑§«“¡ à«π„À≠ஓ°√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–¿“§’ ¡“™‘° ´÷Ë߇ªìπºâŸ¡’§«“¡√⟧«“¡
™”π“≠·≈–ª√– ∫°“√≥å„π·µà≈– “¢“«‘™“ Õ—π‡ª√’¬∫‡ ¡◊Õπ· ß «à“ߥ«ßª√–∑’ª·Ààߧ«“¡√⟠∑’Ë𔉪 àŸ§«“¡
°â“«Àπâ“∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢ÕßÀ≈“¬Ê  “¢“«‘™“¡“‚¥¬µ≈Õ¥.
‡¡◊ËÕ»“ µ√“®“√¬å‡°’¬√µ‘§ÿ≥ πæ.Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«– ‰¥â‡¢â“¡“¥”√ßµ”·Àπàß𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
°Á‰¥âªØ‘√Ÿªª√—∫ª√ÿß«“√ “√œ ∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æÕ¬àŸ·≈â«„À⥒¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ‰ªÕ’°. ∑—Èßπ’È ‰¥â·µàßµ—Èߧ≥–∑”ß“π™ÿ¥„À¡à¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬¡’
»“ µ√“®“√¬å‡°’¬√µ‘§ÿ≥ ¥√. πæ. ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ‡ªìπ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√¢Õß«“√ “√œ. §≥–∑”ß“π™ÿ¥„À¡à‰¥â∑”°“√
ª√—∫ª√ÿß√Ÿª·∫∫ ª° ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ œ≈œ ¡àÿßÀ«—߇æ◊ËÕ®–𔉪 àŸ§«“¡‡ªìπ«“√ “√∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å·∫∫¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ º¡®÷ß
À«—ßÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß«à“«“√ “√¢Õ߇√“®–‰¥â√—∫§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°æ«°‡√“À≈“¬Ê ΩÉ“¬ Õ—π®– √â“ß √√§å„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡®√‘≠
°â“«Àπâ“„Àâ·°à«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π„Àâ ¡‡°’¬√µ‘·°à ∂“∫—π«‘™“°“√ Ÿß ÿ¥¢Õߪ√–‡∑»µàÕ‰ª.

√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.¿‘≠‚≠  ÿ«√√≥§’√’

®“°∫√√≥“∏‘°“√.....
®¥À¡“¬ —ÈπÊ ¢Õß∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å¿‘≠‚≠  ÿ«√√≥§’√’©∫—∫π’È ∑à“π¡’§«“¡µ—Èß„®À≈—°‡æ◊ËÕ ◊ËÕ “√°—∫™“«
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π „π°“√√à«¡·√ß√à«¡„®‡ √‘¡ √â“ß«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π„Àâ·¢Áß·°√àß¡’‡°’¬√µ‘ ¡‡ªìπ ∂“∫—π
 ”§—≠ ·≈–‡ªìπ™àÕß∑“ß°√–®“¬§«“¡√âŸ∑“ß«‘™“°“√∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß·°àª√–™“™π¢Õߪ√–‡∑». ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√¡—Ëπ„®«à“™“«
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π∑ÿ°∑à“π¡’§«“¡√⟠÷°‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å ¥√.¿‘≠‚≠. º¡¢Õ∂◊Õ‚Õ°“ π’È·∂≈ß«à“ À“°æ«°
‡√“‰¥â√à«¡·√ß√à«¡„®Õ¬à“߇µÁ¡°”≈—ß «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¢Õ߇√“®–∫√√≈ÿ‡ªÑ“ª√– ß§å„π√–¬–‡«≈“Õ—π —Èπ.
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ßºâŸ√«∫√«¡∫∑§«“¡·≈–®—¥°√– «π¢Õß«“√ “√„Àâµ√ßµ“¡∑’Ë°”Àπ¥. ¥—ßπ—Èπ À“°æ«°‡√“
‰¥âæ∫§«“¡º‘¥æ≈“¥À√◊Õ ‘Ëß∑’ˉ¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß ‚ª√¥®¥À¡“¬∂÷ß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√‡æ◊ËÕ‰¥â¡’‚Õ°“ ∑√“∫·≈–∑”°“√·°â‰¢
ª√—∫ª√ÿß πÕߧ«“¡ª√– ß§å¥¢’ Õß∑à“πµàÕ‰ª.

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

¯˘˜
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

¢âÕº‘¥æ≈“¥„π∫∑§«“¡ 燰≥±åµ—¥ ‘π°“√„™â¿“…“é

‡√’¬π ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

µ“¡∑’Ë∑à“π‰¥â≈ß∫∑§«“¡‡√◊ËÕß ç‡°≥±åµ—¥ ‘π°“√„™â¿“…“é „π«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë

Ú π—Èπ ª√“°Ø«à“¡’¢âÕº‘¥æ≈“¥©°√√®å„π∫∑§«“¡¥—ß°≈à“« °≈à“«§◊Õ „πµÕπ∑⓬∫∑§«“¡ ‰¥â‡√’¬ßæ‘¡æå¢âÕ§«“¡
„πµâπ©∫—∫µ°‰ªÀπ÷Ëß∫√√∑—¥ (¢âÕ§«“¡∑’Ë¢’¥‡ âπ„µâ) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√– ”§—≠¢Õß∫∑§«“¡¥—ß°≈à“« ¥—ßπ’È
... ‘Ëß∑’Ë√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“ππà“®–¥”‡π‘π°“√‰¥â„π·ßàÀ≈—°∞“π°“√„™â¿“…“µ“¡∑’Ë¡’Õ¬àŸ®√‘ßµ—Èß·µààÕ¥’µ®π∂÷ß
ªí®®ÿ∫—π °Á§◊Õ °“√ √â“ß∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¿“…“‰∑¬ ‚¥¬ª√–¬ÿ°µå§«“¡√â∑Ÿ “ß¿“…“»“ µ√åºπ«°°—∫‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ “√ π‡∑».
Õπ÷Ëß„π°“√°”À𥧔 ”§—≠„π∫∑§«“¡ ∑à“ππà“®–‰¥âª√÷°…“ºâ⟇¢’¬π≈à«ßÀπâ“°ààÕπ ‡æ√“–ª√“°Ø«à“„π
∫∑§«“¡π’È¢“¥§” ”§—≠Õ’°§”Àπ÷Ëß §◊Õ ç∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¿“…“‰∑¬é (Thai language database) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ·π«§‘¥
„À¡à ”À√—∫π—°¿“…“ à«π„À≠à„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–‡ªìπª√–‡¥Áπ∑’Ë°√–º¡‰¥ââ‡√’¬°√âÕß„Àââ√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“𥔇π‘π
°“√¡“À≈“¬ªï·≈â« ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ√“°∞“𠔧—≠„π°“√™”√–æ®π“πÿ°√¡·≈–°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å.
®÷߇√’¬π¡“‡æ◊ËÕ¢Õ„Àâ∑à“π‰¥â₪√¥·°â≢¢âÕº‘¥æ≈“¥¥—ß°≈à“«„π«“√ “√©∫—∫µàÕ‰ª¥â«¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ¡‘„ÀââºâŸÕà“π
 —∫ πÀ√◊Õ ß —¬.

(√». ¥√. ¡»’≈ ¨“π«—ß»–)

√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡

®“°∫√√≥“∏‘°“√.....
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√µâÕß°“√‰¥â√—∫®¥À¡“¬·∫∫π’È ‡æ√“–™à«¬„À≥â∑√“∫¢âÕ§‘¥‡ÀÁπ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß°“√∑”ß“π. °“√
°√–∑”∫“ßÕ¬à“ߢÕß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“§«“¡‰¡à≈—°≈—Ëπ¢Õß√Ÿª·∫∫∫∑§«“¡, ·µà°Á√—∫øí߇Àµÿº≈‡æ◊ËÕ·°â‰¢µàÕ‰ª. ‡√◊ËÕß
§” ”§—≠π—πÈ Õ¬“°„ÀâºπŸâ æ‘ π∏凪ìπºâ‡Ÿ µ√’¬¡µ—ßÈ §”¡“„Àâ ·µà∂“â ‰¡à‰¥â∑”¡“„Àâ°¬Á ß—  “¡“√∂·°â‰¢„πª√äøŸ ∑’ Ë ßà ¡“„Àâµ√«®. „π°√≥’
‡®â“¢Õß∫∑§«“¡‰¡à‰¥âµ√«®ª√äŸø °Á‡ªì𧫓¡º‘¥æ≈“¥¢Õß√–∫∫®—¥°“√´÷ËßµâÕߪ√—∫ª√ÿß.

 ¡»’≈ ¨“π«—ß»– ®¥À¡“¬∂÷ß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

¯˘¯
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı

§≥–∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ °—∫ °Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

‡√’¬π ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

º¡‰¥â√—∫·≈–Õà“π«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú (‡¡…“¬π-¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π ÚıÙı) ·≈â« §ÿ≥¿“扡଑Ëß

À¬àÕπ°«à“‡¥‘¡  ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¢÷Èπ°«à“‡¥‘¡Õ’°¢ÿ¡Àπ÷Ëß. º¡¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥∑à“π∫√√≥“∏‘°“√∑’Ë°√ÿ≥“µÕ∫®¥À¡“¬‡√◊ËÕß
ç¿“…“‰∑¬°—∫‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπé ¢Õߺ¡¥â«¬ ∑”„À≥⧫“¡°√–®à“ß. ®¥À¡“¬©∫—∫π’È¢Õߺ¡°Á¡’§”∂“¡∂÷ß
∑à“π∫√√≥“∏‘°“√Õ’° §◊Õ«à“ „πÀπâ“·ºààπ√Õߪ°∑’Ë¡’√“¬™◊ËÕ§≥–ºŸâ®—¥∑”«“√ “√œ ∫Õ°µ”·Àπàß ∫∑∫“∑·≈–§≥–
∑”ß“π‡ªìπÀ—«¢âÕÊ. º¡ ß —¬À—«¢âÕ ç§≥–∫√√≥“∏‘°“√é ·≈– ç°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√é «à“§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ” ·≈–
∫∑∫“∑·µ°µàà“ß°—πÕ¬à“߉√. ‡∑à“∑’˺¡‡§¬‡ÀÁπ¡“ «“√ “√Õ◊Ëπ„™âÀ—«¢âÕ„¥À—«¢âÕÀπ÷Ë߇∑à“π—Èπ.

Õ¿‘™¬— ¿‘√¡¬å√°— …å
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√»‘≈ª°√√¡
§≥–®‘µ√°√√¡ ª√–µ‘¡“°√√¡·≈–¿“ææ‘¡æå
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬»‘≈ª“°√

µÕ∫∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√»‘≈ª°√√¡
§”∂“¡π’∑È ”‡Õ“∫√√≥“∏‘°“√Õ÷ßÈ ‰ª‡À¡◊Õπ°—π. ®–¢ÕµÕ∫µ“¡§«“¡‡ÀÁπ à«πµ—« º‘¥∂Ÿ°§ß®–¡’º∑⟠°— ∑â«ß·≈–
™à«¬‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡„π‚Õ°“ µàÕ‰ª. À—«¢âÕ§≥–ºŸâ®—¥∑”«à“ ç§≥–∫√√≥“∏‘°“√é ¡’∑’Ë„™â∫àÕ¬°«à“ ç°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√é.
º¡‡§¬‡ªìπ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ “√»‘√‘√“™ √—∫¡Õ∫„Àâ∑”ß“πµàÕ®“°∑à“π»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√. 𓬷æ∑¬åÕ«¬ ‡°µÿ ‘ßÀå. „π
Àπâ“√“¬™◊ËÕ§≥–ºŸâ®—¥∑”¢Õß “√»‘√‘√“™°Á¡’√“¬™◊ËÕ çª√–®”°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√é ‰¡à¡’ ç§≥–∫√√≥“∏‘°“√é º¡
‰¥â„™âµ“¡‡¥‘¡¡“‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ¥â«¬§«“¡‡§“√æÕ¥’µ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√. ·¡â∫√√≥“∏‘°“√§πªí®®ÿ∫—π°Á¬—ß„™â‡À¡◊Õπ‡¥‘¡ Õ“®
‡ª≈’ˬπµ√ß∑’ˇՓÀπâ“√“¬™◊ËÕ¿“…“‰∑¬¢Õߧ≥–ºŸâ®—¥∑”‰ª‰«âÀ≈—ßÀπâ“√“¬™◊ËÕ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…µ“¡·∫∫§π√ÿàπ„À¡à.
°“√∑’˺¡π”À—«¢âÕ ç§≥–∫√√≥“∏‘°“√é °—∫ ç°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√é ∑—Èß Ú §” ¡“„ à‰«â„π√“¬°“√§≥–ºŸâ®—¥
∑”«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π °Á‡æ◊ËÕ·¬°∑’Ë¡“¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√µ“¡Àπ૬ߓπ ·≈–µ“¡Àπâ“∑’Ëß“π∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π.
ºŸâ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π§≥–∫√√≥“∏‘°“√π—Èπ‡ªìπ√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–¿“§’ ¡“™‘° ´÷Ë߇ªìππ—°«‘™“°“√™—Èππ”„π·¢πß«‘™“µà“ßÊ ¢Õß
 ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å,  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß ·≈– ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡, ¡’Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπºŸâµ√«®æ‘®“√≥“·≈–™”√–
∫∑§«“¡∑’˺Ÿâπ‘æπ∏å àß¡“‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ‡À¡“–∑’Ë®–π”≈ßæ‘¡æå„π«“√ “√, ·≈–‡µ√’¬¡∫∑§«“¡µ“¡Õ—∏¬“»—¬≈ßµ’æ‘¡æ凪ìπ
‡°’¬√µ‘·°à√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.  ”À√—∫ºŸâ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√‡ªìππ—°«‘™“°“√®“°°Õß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å, °Õß∏√√¡
»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß ·≈–°Õß»‘≈ª°√√¡ ¡’Àπâ“∑’˪√– “πß“π„Àâ°—∫§≥–∫√√≥“∏‘°“√·≈–∫√√≥“∏‘°“√°—∫ ºŸâπ‘æπ∏å
∑”°“√µ√«®·°â‰¢∫∑§«“¡„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕß∑“ß¿“…“ ·≈–Õ“®π‘æπ∏å∫∑§«“¡„Àâ«“√ “√¥â«¬.

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

¯˘˘
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

¿“æª√–°Õ∫∫∑§«“¡
‡√’¬π∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ·≈–∑’Ë Ú ¢Õߪï

π’È π— ∫ ‡ªì π π«— µ °√√¡¢Õß ∂“∫— π √“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“πÕ— π ∑√ß
‡°’¬√µ‘ ∑’ˇ ¡◊Õπ‰¥âº≈‘µ®¥À¡“¬‡Àµÿ∑’Ë∫—π∑÷° “√– ”§—≠
 ”À√—∫„™â»÷°…“·≈–𔉪Õâ“ßՑ߉¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’. ‡¡◊ËÕÕà“π “√
®“°π“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π„π©∫—∫ª∞¡ƒ°…å ·≈â«√⟠÷°∑√“∫
´÷Èß„πª≥‘∏“π¢Õß∑à“π𓬰œ ‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß.
‰¥âÕà“π∫∑§«“¡„π©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú (‡¡…“¬π-¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π
ÚıÙı) ™Õ∫∑ÿ°‡√◊ËÕß, ·µà∑’Ë™Õ∫‡ªìπ摇»… §◊Õ∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë
∑∫∑«π‡Àµÿ°“√≥åµ—Èß·µàÕ¥’µ ‡™àπ‡√◊ËÕß ç‡¡◊ËÕª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å
‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ·Ààߧ«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™“µ‘„π‡Õ‡™’¬é, 燠âπ∑“ß
 “¬‰À¡é ç°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª‡»√…∞°‘®°“√‡¡◊ÕߢÕߪ√–‡∑»®’πé.
·≈–Õ’°À≈“¬‡√◊ËÕß. ‡ ’¬¥“¬∑’ˇ®â“¢Õß∫∑§«“¡‡√◊ËÕß ç‡¡◊ËÕ
ª√–«—µ»‘ “ µ√凪ìπ‡Àµÿ·Ààߧ«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™“µ‘„π‡Õ‡™’¬é
‰¡à„Àâ¿“æª√–°Õ∫‡π◊ÈÕ‡√◊ËÕß∫â“߇≈¬, ∑”„Àâ∫∑§«“¡·Àâß·≈âß
‰ªÀπàÕ¬. æ√âÕ¡°—∫®¥À¡“¬©∫—∫π’ȉ¥â·π∫¢âÕ§«“¡µ—¥®“°
Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå àß¡“„Àâæ‘¡æåª√–°Õ∫®¥À¡“¬‡æ√“–§‘¥«à“¡’
 “√–∑’Ë Õ “®‡°‘ ¥ ª√–‚¬™πå ∑’Ë ® –𔉪„™â ª √–°Õ∫∫∑§«“¡
ª√–‡¿∑π’„È π‚Õ°“ Àπâ“.
𑵬“ ®—π∑√‡√◊Õß ¡À“º≈
‚¶…° °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå∫“ß°Õ°‚æ µå ©∫—∫
«—π∑’Ë Ú¯ ‡¡…“¬π æ.». ÚıÙı
µÕ∫§ÿ≥𑵬“ ®—π∑√‡√◊Õß ¡À“º≈
‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬°—∫°“√¡’¿“æª√–°Õ∫∫∑§«“¡ ·µà§ßµâÕß®”°—¥≈ß„À⇩擖∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ ´÷Ëß°Áµ—¥ ‘𬓰, ·≈–¡—°‡°‘¥§«“¡
¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√°—∫‡®â“¢Õß∫∑§«“¡‡ ¡Õ. Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ §π‰∑¬‡√“¡’§«“¡Õ≈àÿ¡Õ≈૬µàÕ°—π‡ ¡Õ ‰¡à¬÷¥µ‘¥°—∫
§«“¡§‘¥ ÿ¥‚µàߢÕßΩÉ“¬Àπ÷ËßΩÉ“¬„¥, Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬°Á®–¬◊¥À¬àÿπ°—π¡“°„π√–¬–‡√‘Ë¡µâπ°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õß«“√ “√.
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√¢Õ∫§ÿ≥‡®â“¢Õß®¥À¡“¬∑’ËπÕ°®“°„Àâ°”≈—ß„®·≈â« ¬—ß¡Õ∫‡Õ° “√∑’Ë¡’ “√–ª√–‚¬™πå. ®¥À¡“¬‡√◊ËÕß
çHistory supports the case for Israelé ®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå∫“ß°Õ°‚æ µåπ—Èπ¡’‡π◊ÈÕÀ“πà“ π„®∂â“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∂Ÿ°µâÕß·¡àπ¬”.
À≈—ß®“°‡¡◊ËÕ‡Õ° “√™‘Èπ¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â≈ßæ‘¡æå„π©∫—∫π’È·≈â« Õ“®¡’π—°ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√åºâŸ√⟢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‚µâ·¬âßÀ√◊Õ‡æ‘Ë¡
‡µ‘¡°Á®–‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå.

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
𑵬“ ®—π∑√‡√◊Õß ¡À“º≈ ®¥À¡“¬∂÷ß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
˘
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å‚Õ¿“  ¢Õ∫‡¢µµå
®“°°“√∑’Ë √ Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å
‚Õ¿“  ¢Õ∫‡¢µµå √“™∫—≥±‘µª√–‡¿∑
«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å™’«¿“æ  “¢“«‘™“ —µ«-
«‘∑¬“  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ªÉ«¬°√–-
∑—πÀ—π‚¥¬‰¡à¡Õ’ “°“√· ¥ß«à“‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬
¡“°àÕπ‡≈¬ ·≈–‰¥â∂ß÷ ·°à°√√¡‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë
Ù ‡¡…“¬π æ.». ÚıÙı  √â“ߧ«“¡
Õ“≈— ¬ ·°à § π„°≈â ™‘ ¥ ‡æ◊Ë Õ π√à « ¡ß“π
·≈–ºŸ∑â √Ë’ ®âŸ °— ∑à“π¬‘ßË π—°.
√ Õ ß » “   µ √ “ ® “ √ ¬å ‚ Õ ¿ “   À≈“¬ ∑—Èß∑’ˇªìπß“π§âπ§«â“«‘®—¬ ß“π
¢Õ∫‡¢µµå ‡°‘¥‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ò °√°Æ“§¡
æ.». ÚÙ¯˜ ®∫°“√»÷°…“«π»“ µ√-
∫—≥±‘µ ®“°§≥–«π»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑-
¬“≈— ¬ ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ·≈–ª√‘ ≠ ≠“
«‘∑¬“»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ ¥â“π™’««‘∑¬“
®“°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡¥’¬«°—π, ‡ªìπ¿“§’
 ¡“™‘°¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë
Ú 情¿“§¡ æ.». ÚıÛ ‰¥â√—∫
°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°„À⇪ìπ√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–¡’
æ√–∫√¡√“™‚Õß°“√‚ª√¥‡°≈â“œ ‡¡◊ËÕ
«—π∑’Ë Ú µÿ≈“§¡ æ.». ÚıÙÛ
µ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“∑’ªË Ø‘∫µ— À‘ πâ“∑’„Ë π
∞“π– ¡“™‘°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“𠉥â√«à ¡
‡ªìπ°√√¡°“√„π§≥–°√√¡°“√µà“ßÊ
¢Õß√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“𠇙à π §≥–
°√√¡°“√®—¥∑”Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π —µ«å, §≥–
°√√¡°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å —µ««‘∑¬“ ·≈–
„À⧫“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ºŸâ¢Õ§”ª√÷°…“
À“√◊Õ„π¥â“π∑’∑Ë “à π‡ªìπºŸ‡â ™’¬Ë «™“≠ §◊Õ
¥â“π™’««‘∑¬“ªÉ“‰¡â °“√®—¥°“√ °“√
‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß ·≈–惵‘°√√¡¢Õß —µ«åªÉ“
‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à “ ߬‘Ë ß ‡√◊Ë Õ ßπ°. √Õß
»“ µ√“®“√¬å‚Õ¿“ ¡’º≈ß“πÀ≈“°
æ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à ·≈–°“√®—¥∑”‡Õ° “√
ª√–°Õ∫°“√ Õπ∑—Èß∑’Ë¡À“«‘∑ ¬“≈—¬
‡°…µ√»“ µ√å·≈–¡À“«‘∑ ¬“≈—¬Õ◊Ëπ.
·µàß“π∑’Ë∑à“π¿“§¿Ÿ¡‘„®∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ °“√
‰¥â¡‚’ Õ°“  πÕßß“π‡ªìπºŸªâ √– “πß“π
‚§√ß°“√Õ—π‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°æ√–√“™¥”√‘
„π ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“œ æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π-’
π“∂ „π™à«ß æ.». ÚıÚ˜-ÚıÛÒ ∑’Ë
∑√ß¡’æ√–√“™ª√– ß§å„Àâ®—¥∑”‚§√ß
°“√ «π —µ«å∏√√¡™“µ‘¿Ÿ‡¢’¬« ‚¥¬„Àâ
æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∫π¿Ÿ‡¢’¬«∫√‘‡«≥∑ÿàß°–¡—ß·≈–
∫√‘‡«≥„°≈⇧’¬ß¡’ µ— «åª“É ÕÕ°¡“À“°‘π
·≈–Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿàµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘‚¥¬‰¡à¡’
°“√°—°¢—ß. ®“°°“√Õÿ∑‘»µπ„Àâ°—∫
(»“ µ√“®“√¬å πæ.Õ√√∂ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡«™™“™’«–)
𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
˘Ù
¢à“«
¡√≥°√√¡
°“√§â π §«â “ ·≈–‡º¬·æ√à § «“¡√Ÿâ „ π
¥â“π™’««‘∑¬“ —µ«åªÉ“ Õ—π‡ªìπ°“√ª≈Ÿ°
®‘µ ”π÷°·°à‡¬“«™π·≈–ª√–™“™π„π
°“√Õπÿ √— ° …å ∑ √— æ ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ,
¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ®÷ ß ‰¥â
¬°¬àÕß∑à“π„À⇪ìπ∫ÿ§§≈µ—«Õ¬à“ߥ’‡¥àπ
„π æ.». ÚıÙÛ.
√ Õ ß » “   µ √ “ ® “ √ ¬å ‚ Õ ¿ “  
¢Õ∫‡¢µµå ‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕßπ—°«‘™“°“√
ºŸâ ¡’ § «“¡√Ÿâ  ÿ ¿ “æ ∂à Õ ¡µπ ·≈–¡’
§«“¡¡“π–Õ¥∑π‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß. √“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¢Õ· ¥ß§«“¡‡ ’¬„®
µàÕ§√Õ∫§√—«¢Õß∑à“π¡“ ≥ ‚Õ°“ π’È
π— ∫ «à “ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â  Ÿ ≠ ‡ ’ ¬ ∫ÿ § §≈
§ÿ≥¿“扪Ւ°ºŸÀâ π÷ßË ¥â«¬«—¬‡æ’¬ß ı˜
ªï ∑’Ë ¬— ß  “¡“√∂√— ∫ „™â ª √–‡∑»™“µ‘ „ π
¥â“π«‘™“°“√‰¥âÕ’°π“π.
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å‚Õ¿“  ¢Õ∫‡¢µµå
¿“§
ºπ«°
‡√◊ËÕß∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å
(‡¢’¬πÕ¬à“ߪ“°°“擉ª)*
‡ ¥Á ® „π°√¡À¡◊Ë π π√“∏‘ ª æß»å
ª√–æ—π∏å ‚ª√¥°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å ‡æ◊ËÕ
ª√—∫°—∫§”µà“ߪ√–‡∑»´÷Ë߬—߉¡à¡’§”
„™â„π¿“…“‰∑¬, „Àâ¡’¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ®”π«π
‰¡àπâÕ¬·≈–µ°¡“‡ªìπ ¡∫—µ‘‰∑¬∑“ß
«—≤π∏√√¡°√–∑”„Àâ¿“…“‰∑¬ßÕ°ß“¡
‡ªì𧫓¡°â“«Àπâ“. ∫—¥π’‡È  ¥Á®„π°√¡œ
®–¡’ æ √–™π¡“¬ÿ § √∫À°√Õ∫·Àà ß ªï
π—°…—µ√ ®—¥«à“∑√߇®√‘≠·≈⫥⫬æ√–
«—¬«ÿ≤‘ §«√·°à°√≥’‡ªìπ∑’ˬ‘π¥’. ∂â“
æ√–Õߧå ∑ √ßπ÷ ° ∂Õ¬À≈— ß ‰ª„πÕ¥’ µ
¬âÕπ‰ª∂÷߇Àµÿ°“√≥å∑’˺à“πæâπ¡“·≈â«
¢â“懮⓰Á‡™◊ËÕ«à“¡’Õ¬àŸÕ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß ´÷Ëß
§ß®–¬‘π¥’À“πâÕ¬‰¡à §◊Õ °“√∫—≠≠—µ‘
»— æ ∑å ∑’Ë ∑ √ß∫”‡æÁ ≠ ‡ªì π Õ¬à “ ßß“π
Õ¥‘‡√° ·µàß“πÕ—ππ—Èπ°≈“¬‡ªìπº≈¥’
„Àâ·°à à«π√«¡ ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ¿“…“‰∑¬¡’§”
√Ë”√«¬¢÷Èπ. ∂â“®–¬°‡Õ“∂âÕ¬§”¢Õß
ª√“™≠å√ — °‘π (Ruskin) ¢÷πÈ ¡“°≈à“««à“
æ√–Õߧå ∑ √ߪ√–°Õ∫·≈â « ¥â « ¬¥’ „ π
°√≥’ ¬ –§√∫∂â « π Û ª√–°“√ §◊ Õ
Àπâ“∑’˵àÕÕ¥’µ ªí®®ÿ∫—π ·≈–Õ𓧵.
*®“° : §«“¡√⇟ °’¬Ë «°—∫¿“…“‰∑¬. °√¡»‘≈ª“°√, Õߧ尓√§â“¢Õߧÿ√ ÿ ¿“ ·≈–¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‡‘  ∞’¬√‚°‡»»-𓧖ª√–∑’ª ®—¥æ‘¡æå‡π◊ÕË ß„π«“√–§√∫ Ò ªï »“ µ√“®“√¬å
æ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π, ÚıÛÚ.
æ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π
¢â“懮ⓇÕ߇¡◊ËÕπ÷°∂Õ¬À≈—߉ª
‡¡◊ËÕ§√—Èß Û ªï∑’Ë≈à«ß¡“π’È °Á√⟠÷°¬‘π¥’
·≈–‡∫‘°∫“π„®·≈–§«√®–∂◊Õ‚Õ°“  ∑à “ π‡Õß ‰¡à ¡’ À π∑“ß®–·°â µ— « ‰¥â .
¢Õ∫æ√–§ÿ≥æ√–Õߧå∑“à π‰«â„π∑’πË ¥’È «â ¬
∑’Ëæ≈Õ¬„Àâ¢â“懮â“√—°„§√à·≈–√⟿“…“
‰∑¬¢¬“¬µ— « ÕÕ°‰ª‰¥â ° «â “ ߢ«“ß.
°≈à“«§◊Õ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°◊Õ∫ Û ªï∑’Ë≈à«ß¡“π’È
®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡√‘Ë¡®—¥„Àâ¡’
°“√»÷°…“«‘™“™—Èπª√‘≠≠“¢÷Èπ„π§≥–
Õ—°…√»“ µ√凪ìπ§√—Èß·√°, ¢â“懮â“
‡¢â“„®«à“ æ√–Õߧå∑à“π§ß®–∑√߇ÀÁπ
«à“¿“…“‰∑¬‡ªìπ à«π ”§—≠ ‰¡àπâÕ¬
Àπâ “ ‰ª°«à “ «‘ ™ “ “¢“Õ◊Ë π Ê ®÷ ß §«√
 Õπ«‘™“¿“…“»“ µ√å¥â«¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ¢¬“¬
«ß§«“¡§‘¥‡√◊ËÕß¿“…“„Àâ°«â“ßÕÕ°‰ª
¥—Ëß∑’Ë∑”°—πÕ¬àŸ„πµà“ߪ√–‡∑» ®÷߉¥â
∑√ß°”Àπ¥„Àâ¡’«‘™“π‘√ÿ°µ‘»“ µ√å¢÷Èπ
·≈–∑√߇≈◊Õ°µ—«ºâŸ∫√√¬“¬«‘™“ “¢“π’È
§◊Õ¢â“懮â“. ·µà¢â“懮⓰Á∑Ÿ≈ªØ‘‡ ∏
«à“‰¡à¡§’ «“¡√⟠¥Ÿ‡À¡◊Õπµ√— «à“ 牡à√âŸ
π—Ëπ·À≈–√âŸé ·≈–µ√— ‡ªìπ‡™‘ß∫—ߧ—∫«à“
燮⠓ §ÿ ≥  Õπ‰¥â Õ¬à “ ªØ‘ ‡  ∏‡≈¬é.
˘ı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
æ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π
Õ¥’µÕÿªπ“¬°·≈–√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
¢â“懮⓵°„π∞“π–≈”∫“° °ÁµâÕß√—∫
 πÕߧ”‡√’¬°√âÕß´÷Ëß¡“®“°æ√–Õߧå
‡Àµÿ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°∫—ߧ—∫Õ¬à“ß°—π‡Õßπ’È ‡ªìπº≈
„À⠢⠓ 懮⠓ µâ Õ ß¢«π¢«“¬À“§«“¡√âŸ
„ àµ—«¥â«¬µπ‡Õ߇æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡‡√◊ËÕ¬¡“ ‡æ◊ËÕ
„Àâ√⟠‘Ëß´÷Ë߬—߉¡à√âŸ. æÕ√⟷≈â«°Á¡’ ‘Ëß´÷Ëß
‰¡à√⟇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¬‘Ëß°«à“‡°à“µ“¡µ‘¥¡“¥â«¬
Õ¬à“߇ߓµ“¡µ—« µ√ß°—∫∑’˵√— «à“ 牡à
√âπŸ π—Ë ·À≈–√âéŸ ∂Ÿ°¢Õßæ√–Õߧå∑“à π ·≈–
 ‘Ëß∑’Ë√⟡“„π¿“¬À≈—ß°Á‰¥â®“° ç°“√
»÷°…“Õ—π·∑â®√‘ß §◊Õ°“√»÷°…“¥â«¬
µπ‡Õßé ·≈⫵π‡Õßπ’È·À≈–®–‡ªìπ§√Ÿ
 Õπµπ‰¥â¥«â ¬Õ¬à„Ÿ πµ—«. °“√»÷°…“À“
§«“¡√âŸπ—Èπ ·¡â¡’¡“°«‘™“·µà‡¡◊ËÕ¬àÕ≈ß
°Á¡ ’ ÕßÕ¬à“߇∑à“π—πÈ §◊Õ°“√‡√’¬π√⇟ √◊ÕË ß
¢Õߧπ·≈– ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë § π„π à « π√«¡º≈‘ µ
 √â“ߢ÷Èπ§◊Õ«—≤π∏√√¡ ·≈–‡√◊ËÕߢÕß
∏√√¡™“µ‘∑’Ë·«¥≈âÕ¡§πÕ¬àŸ. ¢â“懮â“
π÷°∂÷ߧ«“¡À≈—ߧ√—Èß„¥ °ÁæÕ„®·≈– ÿ¢
„®„π™’«‘µ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¡“·≈â«. ¢â“懮⓮÷ß
µâÕߢժ√–∑“π¢Õ∫æ√–§ÿ≥æ√–Õߧå
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
∑à “ π‰«â „ π∑’Ë π’È ¥â « ¬§«“¡∫√‘  ÿ ∑ ∏‘Ï „ ®
 π‘ ∑ „®, ‡ªì π °“√ª√–°“»§ÿ ≥ ∑à “ π
¥â«¬°µ‡«∑’ 窟™“ ® ªŸ™π’¬“πÌé.
§√“«π’È ® –¢Õ‡¢’ ¬ π‡¢â “ ª√–‡¥Á π
‡√◊ËÕß∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å. ‡ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ ‡¡◊ËÕ
®–∑√ß∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑委µà“ߪ√–‡∑»§”
„¥‡ªì 𠧔‰∑¬ æ√–Õß§å ® –µâ Õ ß∑√ß
∑√“∫‡ ’¬°àÕπ«à“ §”π—Èπ¡’§«“¡À¡“¬
‡¥‘ ¡ ‡ªì π ¡“Õ¬à “ ߉√ ·≈–µà Õ ¡“
§≈’˧≈“¬¢¬“¬µ—«„𧫓¡À¡“¬®π∂÷ß
ªí®®ÿ∫—π‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ ·≈â«°Á∑√ߧ‘¥À“
§”‰∑¬∑’Ë®–∫—≠≠—µ‘¢÷Èπ Û ¢—Èπ:
¢—πÈ ∑’ÀË π÷ßË ∑√ߧ‘¥À“§”‰∑¬Ê
‡ ’¬°àÕπ ∂â“À“¬—߉¡à‰¥â‡À¡“– À√◊Õ
À“‰¥â ·µà‡ªì𧔠“¡—≠∑’„Ë ™â°π— Õ¬à∑Ÿ «—Ë ‰ª
∂â “ π”‡Õ“¡“„™â ‡ ªì π »— æ ∑å ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ Õ “®
∑”„À⇢Ⓞ®º‘¥ ‰¢«â‡¢«„𧫓¡À¡“¬
Õ—π‡ªìπ‡©æ“–‰¥âßà“¬, À√◊Õ‰¡àÕ’°Õ¬à“ß
Àπ÷Ëß §”∑’Ë∫—≠≠—µ‘π—Èπ‰¡à°–∑—¥√—¥ ¥â«¬
¡’√Ÿª‡ªìπª√–‚¬§À√◊Õ«≈’¡’‡ ’¬ß¬“«‰ª
¬—߉¡à‡À¡“–‡æ√“–‡¬‘Ëπ‡¬âÕ °ÁµâÕßæ÷Ëß
À≈—°∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å.
¢—È π ∑’Ë   Õß ∑√ߧ‘¥À“§”®“°
¿“…“ —π °ƒµ·≈–¿“…“∫“≈’ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
¿“…“§≈“  ‘§¢Õ߉∑¬·≈–§”∑’˧‘¥‰¥â
π—Èπ ®–µâÕ߇ªìπ§”¡“®“°∑’Ë¡’„™âÕ¬àŸ
°àÕπ·≈â«„π¿“…“‰∑¬ ·≈–ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß
‰¥âßà“¬, ∂Ⓣ¥â§”¡’‡ ’¬ß ≈– ≈«¬‰¥â°Á
¬‘Ëߥ’. ∂⓬—ßÀ“‰¡à‰¥â‡À¡“– °ÁµâÕß„™â
À≈—°∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å.
¢—È π ∑’Ë   “¡ §◊ Õ „™â §”¢Õ߇¥‘ ¡
‡ªìπ∑—∫»—æ∑剪°àÕπ ®π°«à“®–À“§”
Õ◊Ë π ‰¥â ‡ À¡“–. ·¡â ° √–π—È π §”∑’Ë ∑— ∫
»—æ∑å·≈â« ®–µâÕ߉¥â‡ ’¬ß‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡
√–∫∫‡ ’¬ß¢Õß¿“…“‰∑¬ ´÷ßË ‰¡à®”‡ªìπ
µâ Õ ßæâ Õ ß°— ∫ ¢Õß¿“…“Õ◊Ë π ‡ ¡Õ‰ª.
‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡À¡◊ Õ π§πÕ◊Ë π º‘ « ¢“«·≈–º¡
‡À≈◊Õß ·µà‰∑¬º‘«‡À≈◊Õß·≈–º¡¥”
‰¡à®”‡ªìπ∑’ˇ√“®–µâÕßæÕ°·ªÑß„À⇪ìπ
 ’¢“«Õ¬à“߇≈àπ≈–§√ ·≈–¬âÕ¡º¡¥”
„À⇪ìπ‡À≈◊Õß „À⇪ìπ ‘Ë߇∑Á®‡∑’¬¡.
‡Àµÿπ’È‚∫√“≥®÷ßÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß pipe «à“
·ªÖ∫, ‰ π¬– ‡ªìπ · π¬–, ‰«∑¬å
‡ªìπ ·æ∑¬å ‡ªìπµâπ „À⇢â“√–∫∫‡ ’¬ß
¿“…“‰∑¬.
‡∑à“∑’Ë°≈à“«π’È ‡ªìπ°“√°≈à“«µ“¡
§«“¡‡¢â“„® ¥â«¬°“√„™â°“√ —߇°µ
¢Õߢâ“懮⓮“°∂âÕ¬§”¢Õßæ√–Õߧå
∑à “ πµ√—   „π∑’Ë ª √–™ÿ ¡ «à “ §ß¡’ À ≈— °
‡°≥±å°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘»—∑æ凪ìπ¥—ßπ’È. ∂â“
¢âÕ§«“¡·Ààß„¥∑’Ë°≈à“«‰«â¢â“ßµâπ ¡’
∫°æ√àÕß°ÁµâÕߢժ√–∑“πæ√–Õ¿—¬
¥â«¬.
Õπ÷ßË §”∑’∑Ë √ß∫—≠≠—µ‰‘ «â §”„¥¡’ºŸâ
∑—°∑â«ß‡æ√“–‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑√ß
‡ÀÁ π æâ Õ ß¥â « ¬‡Àµÿ º ≈°Á ∑ √߬ա·≈–
‡ª≈’ˬπ„Àâßà“¬ ‡™à𧔠heart failure
„π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ∑√ß∫—≠≠—µ‘‡ªìπ§”
‰∑¬∑’·√°«à“ çÀ—«„®«Õ¥é, ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ºâŸ
∑—°∑â«ß°Á∑√߇ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ çÀ—«„®«“¬é
´÷Ëߥ’°«à“‡°à“ ‡æ√“–«“¬ ·¡â®–À¬ÿ¥‰ª
®√‘ß·µà°ÁÕ“®°≈—∫‡µâπ¢÷ÈπÕ’°‰¥â Õ¬à“ß
·µàµ≈“¥µ‘¥µ≈“¥«“¬. Õ’°µ—«Õ¬à“ß
§”«à“ «—≤π∏√√¡ ‡¥‘¡∑√ß∫—≠≠—µ‰‘ «â«“à
惵‘∏√√¡ ·µà§”π’ȉ¡àµ‘¥ ‡æ√“–‰¡à¡’
„§√π‘ ¬ ¡„™â °Á ∑ √߇ª≈’Ë ¬ π„À¡à ‡ ªì π
«—≤π∏√√¡ °Á‡ªìπ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„™â°—πÕ¬àŸÕ¬à“ß
·æ√àÀ≈“¬®π°√–∑—Ëß∑ÿ°«—ππ’È. ·µà§”
„¥∑√ß∫—≠≠—µ‘‰«â·≈â«·≈–„™â°—πÕ¬àŸ‡ªìπ
ª√°µ‘ ∂â“¡’ºâŸ√⟇∑à“‰¡à∂÷ß°“√≥å§â“π¢÷Èπ
‚¥¬‰¡à„ÀâÀ¬—Ëß≈÷°∂÷߇®µπ“‡¥‘¡¢Õߧ”
π—Èπ °Á‰¡à∑√߬ա‡ª≈’ˬπ„À¡à‡ªìπ‡¥Á¥
˘ˆ
¢“¥. ‡√◊ËÕßÕ¬à“ßπ’ȇ§¬‡∂’¬ß°—π¡“
Õ¬à “ ßÀπâ “ ¥”Àπâ “ ·¥ß„π∑’Ë ª √–™ÿ ¡
‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕßπ—∫∂◊Õµπ‡Õß„π∑“ß∑’Ë™Õ∫∑’Ë
∂Ÿ°‰¡à„™à‡ªìπ‡æ√“–∂—¡¿–Õ¬à“ß çÀ—«™π
°”·æßé.
‡§¬¡’º°Ÿâ ≈à“«‡ªìπ‡™‘ßµ”Àπ‘«“à §”
„À¡àÊ ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„™â°—πÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬„π
æ®π“πÿ°√¡©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
®÷߉¡à¡’. ∑’ˉ¡à¡’°Á‡æ√“–¬—ß∑√“∫‰¡à‰¥â
·πà«à“ §”∑’ˇ°‘¥„À¡à ®–Õ¬àŸÀ√◊Õ®–µ“¬
‰ª°à Õ π®–∫√√≈ÿ ¿ “«–‡ªì 𠧔‡Õ“¢÷È π
∑–‡∫’ ¬ π‰¥â . ∂â “ ∂“¡«à “ ®–‡Õ“¢÷È π
∑–‡∫’¬π‰¥â‡¡◊ËÕ‰√. µÕ∫«à“ ç‡∑»π“
µ“¡‡π◊ÕÈ ºâ“é ‡Õ“‡ªìπ‡§√◊ÕË ß«‘π®‘ ©—¬‡ªìπ
§”Ê ‰ª ∂⓺Ⓡπ◊ÈÕ¥’ ¡’§π„™â¡“°°Á
‡Õ“¢÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬π‰¥â‡√Á«, ∂Ⓡªìπºâ“‡π◊ÈÕ
‰¡à¥’ ∂÷ß¡’§π„™â¡“° °ÁµâÕß™â“ÀπàÕ¬.
π’Ë ‡ ªì π À≈— ° ∑—Ë « ‰ª„π°“√‡°Á ∫ §”¢÷È π
∑–‡∫’ ¬ πæ®π“πÿ ° √¡ ·µà ¢ Õ„Àâ
¢â “ 懮⠓ Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬Õâ Õ ¡§â Õ ¡‡ªì π Õ¬à “ ß
µ“¡·µàª“°°“®–擉ª¥’°«à“‡æ√“–
 πÿ°¥’ °≈à“«§◊Õ :-
ª√–™“™π§π‰∑¬ À√◊ Õ °≈à “ «
∑—Ë«‰ª∂÷ߪ√–™“™π§πÕ◊Ëπ¥â«¬ ¬àÕ¡¡’
√Ÿ ª √à “ ßÀπâ “ µ“·≈–º‘ « æ√√≥º‘ ¥ ·º°
·µ°µà“ß°—π. §π‰∑¬°Á¡’≈—°…≥–√«¡
Õ¬à“ߧπ‰∑¬‡ªìπ‡Õ°‡∑»‡À¡◊Õπ°—π∑ÿ°
§π„π à«π√«¡‚¥¬ª√‘¬“¬ ∂â“®–µà“ß
°—π∫â“ß°Á‡ªìπ·µà «à πª√–°Õ∫ª≈’°¬àÕ¬
Õ— π ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°°“√ — ß  √√§å °— π °— ∫ ™π
‡™◊È Õ ™“µ‘ Õ◊Ë π „π∑“ß — ß §¡ ·≈–∑“ß
ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√凪ìπ à«π„À≠à ∑“ßÕ◊Ëπ°Á
¡’‡À¡◊Õπ ·µà‡ªìπ à«ππâÕ¬. ‡æ√“–
©–π—Èπ §π‰∑¬∑ÿ°§π ‡¡◊ËÕ«à“∑“ß√Ÿª
√à“ßÀπ⓵“‡ªìπ à«π√«¡®÷߇À¡◊Õπ°—π
·µà«à“‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—π  ÿ¥·≈â«®–°≈à“«
‡√◊ËÕß∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å

√«¡‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß ç —ß‡§√“–Àåé (synthe-
sis - §”¢Õ߇ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ) À√◊Õ®–
°≈à “ «·¬°‡ªì π Õ¬à “ ß ç«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå é
(analysis - §”¢Õ߇ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ)
‡∑à“π—πÈ . π’¡È ©’ π— „¥«à“∂÷߇√◊ÕË ß«—≤π∏√√¡
´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π º≈‘ µ º≈¢Õߧπ„π à « π√«¡
À√◊Õ®–°≈à“«¢¡«¥„Àâ·§∫‡¢â“ ‡Õ“·µà
‡√◊ËÕß¿“…“‚¥¬‡©æ“– °Á¡’©—ππ—Èπ.
§πµâ Õ ß¡’ æà Õ ·¡à · ≈–¡’ ‡ °‘ ¥ ·°à
‡®Á∫µ“¬ ¿“…“°Á¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‚¥¬
∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π. §π‡¡◊ËÕ§≈Õ¥®“°
∑âÕß·¡à ‡ªìπ∑“√°√âÕß·«âÊ ‰¥â‰¡à‡∑à“‰√
¬—߉¡à∂ß÷ ç “¡«—π‡®Á¥«—πé Õ¬à“ß∑’ Ë ∫∂
°—π«à“ ç„Àⵓ¬ “¡«—π‡®Á¥«—πé °Áµ“¬
‡ ’¬·≈â«. ∂â“æâπ ç “¡«—π≈Ÿ°º’  ’Ë«—π≈Ÿ°
§πé °Á∂◊Õ‰¥â«à“™’«‘µ®–√Õ¥ ·µà°Á‰¡à·πà
π—°. µàÕ‡¡◊ËÕæâπ‡®Á¥«—π·≈â« ‡ÀÁπ∂â“«à“
®–√Õ¥ °Á¡’æ‘∏’∑”¢«—≠ ∑”°—π·µà¬àÕÊ
æÕ‡ªìπ°‘√‘¬“‡∑à“π—Èπ À√◊Õ‰¡à∑”‡ ’¬∑’
‡¥’¬«°Á¡’‡ªìπ à«π¡“° π’ˇªìπ‡æ√“–¬—ß
‰¡à·πà„®«à“∑“√°®–√Õ¥À√◊Õ®–µ“¬.
µàÕ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’Õ“¬ÿ‰¥â§√∫‡¥◊Õπ°≈â“·¢Áߢ÷Èπ
∫â“ß·≈â« ®÷ß®– ç√—∫¡‘ßË ™‘ߢ«—≠é °—π‡ªìπ
∑“ß°“√ ‡√’¬°«à“∑”¢«—≠‡¥◊Õπ ‡æ◊ËÕ
√—∫‡¥Á°π—Èπ¢÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬π °ÿ≈«ß»å. ·¡â
°√–π—Èπ°Á„™à«à“‡¥Á°π—Èπ®–‚µ«—π‚µ§◊π
‡À¡◊Õπ°—π∑ÿ°§π°ÁÀ“‰¡à ¬—߉¡à∑—π‚µ
‡ªìπÀπàÿ¡ “« µ“¬‰ª‡ ’¬°àÕπ°Á¡’ ‰¡à
®”‡ªìπµâÕß°≈à“«¬“«°«à“π’È ‡æ√“–√âŸ
°—π∑ÿ°§π ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕ߇∫◊ËÕÀŸ. ∂⓵âÕß°“√
øí ß ‡ªì π Õπÿ   µ‘ „ Àâ ≈ –‡Õ’ ¬ ¥≈ÕÕ øí ß
‡∑»πå ¥’ ° «à “ π’È ©— π „¥ §”‡°‘ ¥ „À¡à
‡ ¡◊Ë Õ ‰ √ ®÷ ß ® – √— ∫ ‡ Õ “ ¢÷È π ∑ – ‡ ∫’ ¬ π
æ®π“πÿ°√¡°Á©—ππ—Èπ.
§”‡°‘¥„À¡à‰¡à‰¥â°«’Ë π— °Á¡°— µ“¬‰ª
‚¥¬¡“°‡ªì𧔮”æ«° ç –·≈ßé ´÷Ëß
æ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π
‡ªì𧔙‘¡≈“ß„π¿“…“. §”®”æ«°π’È
‡°‘¥‡√Á«µ“¬‡√Á« ·≈â«°Á‡°‘¥¡“°·≈–
∫à Õ ¬‡ ’ ¬ ¥â « ¬ ‰¡à ¡’ „ §√∫— ß §— ∫ „Àâ §ÿ ¡
°”‡π‘¥. π’Ë°Á‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫‡√◊ËÕߢÕߧπ
‡∑à“°—∫‡¥Á°‡°‘¥¡“ ¡’‚√§ª√–®”‡ªìπ
°√√¡æ—π∏åÿ ç “¡«—π¥’ «’Ë π— ‰¢âé ‡ªìπ‡¥Á°
‰¡à ¡ª√–°Õ∫ °ÁµÕâ ßµ“¬‡√Á«, À√◊Õ‡¥Á°
‡°‘ ¥ ¡“°Á · ¢Á ß ·√ߥ’ ·µà æà Õ ·¡à ‰ ¡à ¡’
§«“¡√⟇√◊ËÕßÕπ“¡—¬ ‡¥Á°°ÁÕ“®µ“¬‰¥â
·µà‡¬“«å«—¬. §”¢Õ߇¢“¥’Ê ‡Õ“‰ª„™â
ªÑŸ¬’˪џ¬”Õ¬à“ß ¡∫ÿ° ¡∫—π °ÁÕ¬àŸ‰¡à‰¥â
„π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π, ·µà∑—Èßπ’È¡’¬°‡«âπ
≈“ߧ” ç√Õ¥ª“°‡À¬’¬Ë «ª“°°“é ¡“‰¥â
®πµâ Õ ß√— ∫ ‡Õ“¢÷È π ∑–‡∫’ ¬ π¿“…“°Á ¡’
‡™à𧔠∑÷Ëß ‡ªîò𠇪ìπµâπ „π¢—Èπ·√°°Á
¬Õ¡„À⇪ìπ¿“…“ª“°‰ª°àÕπ ·µà°Á
Õ“®‡≈◊ËÕπ¢—Èπ‡ªìπ¿“…“¡“µ√∞“πµàÕ
‰ª°Á‰¥â.
∑—ßÈ π’°È ‡Á æ√“– ‘ßË ∑—ßÈ À≈“¬´÷ßË ¡’™«’ µ‘
®–‚¥¬µ√ßÀ√◊ Õ ‚¥¬ª√‘ ¬ “¬°Á µ “¡∑’
∂â “ ®–¡’ ™’ «‘ µ ¬◊ π ¬ß§ßÕ¬àŸ ‰ ¥â °Á ¥â « ¬¡’
燠∂’¬√¿“æé (stability - §”¢Õß
‡ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ) §◊Õ §«“¡‡∑’ˬßÀ√◊ÕÕ¬àŸ
§ß∑’Ë, ·µà∂â“ ‘Ë߇À≈à“π—Èπ‰¡à¡’ çæ≈«—µé
(dynamic - §”¢Õ߇ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ) §◊Õ
§«“¡¡’ °”≈— ß À¡ÿ π ‡√◊Ë Õ ¬À√◊ Õ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π
·ª≈߇√◊ËÕ¬¥â«¬Õ“°“√‡ªìπª√°µ‘ ¡Ë”
‡ ¡Õ ‡ ∂’¬√¿“æ°Á¡’‰¡à‰¥â. §«“¡
‡ªìπ‰ª¢Õß‚≈° ¢Õߧπ ¢Õß«—≤π∏√√¡
¡’¿“…“ ‡ªìπµâπ °Áµ°Õ¬àŸ„π¢à“¬∑’Ë«à“π’È
°≈à“«§◊Õ ç‡∑’Ë¬ß ·µà«à“‰¡à‡∑’ˬßé. ‚≈°
¡’‡ ∂’¬√¿“æ §◊Õ ‡∑’Ë¬ß ®÷߇ªìπ‚≈°Õ¬àŸ
‰¥â ·µà∂â“‚≈°¢“¥æ≈«—µ §◊Õ ‰¡àÀ¡ÿπ
√Õ∫µ— « Õ¬à “ ß ¡Ë” ‡ ¡Õ‚≈°°Á À ¡¥
‡ ∂’¬√¿“æ §◊Õ ‰¡à‡∑’Ë¬ß ‰¡à‡ªìπ‚≈°
‰¥âÕ’°µàÕ‰ª. πÈ”µ°¡’πÈ”‰À≈‡√◊ËÕ¬‰¡à
˘˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
¢“¥ “¬ ¥Ÿ·µà‰°≈‡À¡◊Õπ«à“π‘ËßÕ¬àŸ∑’Ë
®÷߇ªìππÈ”µ°‡∑’ˬßÕ¬àŸ‰¥âµ√“∫‡∑à“∑’ˬ—ß
¡’πÈ”‰À≈‡√◊ËÕ¬‡ªìπæ≈«—µÕ¬àŸ. ‡æ√“–
©–π—Èπ∂Ⓣª¬÷¥∂◊Õ§”„π¿“…“«à“‡ªìπ
¢Õß·πà °Á‡ªìπ·πà·§à‡ªìπ çÕπ‘®®“é §◊Õ
‡ªìπ·πà·§à¢≥– ¡—¬∑’ˬ—ßπ‘¬¡„™â°—πÕ¬àŸ
‡∑à“π—πÈ .
‡¡◊ËÕ§”„π¿“…“¡’≈—°…≥–§«“¡
‡ªìπ‰ª ‡À¡◊Õπ§πºâŸ‡ªìπ‡®â“¢Õß¿“…“
°“√∑’Ë®–‡Õ“§”¢÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬π‰¥â °Á‡¡◊ËÕ
‡¢â“„®·πà«“à §”π—πÈ Ê ®–լൟ Õà ‰ª‰¥âπ“π.
·¡â°√–π—Èπ§”∑’ˇÀÁπ«à“·πà·≈–‡Õ“¢÷Èπ
∑–‡∫’¬π·≈â« æÕ¡’Õ“¬ÿ¬◊𬓫¡“π“π
°ÁµâÕ߇°à“§√Ë”§√à“‰ªµ“¡°Æ∏√√¡¥“
¡’ ¿“æßàÕπ·ßàπ°–ª≈°°–‡ª≈’¬È ‡µÁ¡∑’
‡æ√“–Õà Õ π·√ß≈ß∑ÿ ° ∑’ ¡’ æ ≈«— µ ‰¡à
 ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ, ‡™à𧔠≈“ß „𧔇™àπ ≈“ß
§π ≈“ß∑’ ªí®®ÿ∫π— π’ È «à π¡“°„™â«“à ∫“ß
Õ—π¡’§«“¡À¡“¬µ√ߢⓡ°—∫§” Àπ“.
§” ≈“ß ®–µâÕßµ“¬‰ª‡ªìπ·πà ·µà°Á
¬—ßµ“¬‰¡à π‘∑ ‡æ√“–‰ª‡°“–µ‘¥‡¢â“
°—∫§”«à“ ç≈“߇π◊ÈÕ™Õ∫≈“߬“é ®–„™â
«à“ ∫“ß ‰¡à‰¥â ‡æ√“– 燢“‰¡à„™â°—πé
¥â«¬‡ªìπ 秔·∫∫é (formal world).
‡§¬¡’ºâŸ∂“¡¢â“懮â“∫àÕ¬Ê «à“
∑”‰¡¢â“懮⓮÷ß„™â ≈“ß ‰¡à„™â«à“ ∫“ß
‡À¡◊Õπ§πÕ◊Ëπ ®–‰¥â‰¡à¢«“ß‚≈°´÷Ëß°”
≈—߇ªìπÕ¬àŸ. §«“¡®√‘ߢâ“懮⓰Á‰¡à„™à
‡ªìπ§π¥◊ÈÕ∂◊Õ∑‘∞‘ Õ—π‡ªìπ ¡∫—µ‘‚¥¬
ª√°µ‘¢Õߧπ·°à¡“°°«à“§π¬—߉¡à·°à
‡æ√“–¢â“懮Ⓞ™â ∫“ß °Á‡§¬¡’. ∑’Ë„™â
≈“ß °Á¥â«¬‡ÀÁπ«à“≈“ß ¬—ß¡’™’«‘µÕ¬àŸ ¬—ß
‰¡à µ “¬ π‘ ∑ ‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡À¡◊ Õ πºâŸ „ À≠à
°”≈—ߪɫ¬Àπ—° §Õ¬∑à“®–µ“¬«—𵓬
æ√àÿ߇∑à“π—Èπ ·µà„§√°Á‰¡àÕ¬“°µ“¬‰ª
‡ ’¬‚¥¬‡√Á«. ∑√“∫·≈â««à“ ç‡¡◊ËÕ„™â°Á
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
µ“¬ ‰¡à„™â°µÁ “¬é ·µà‡¡◊ÕË ¬—߉¡àµ“¬ ∂÷ß
®–À“¬„®ºß—∫Ê Õ¬àŸ °ÁµâÕß√—°…“ª–∑–
ª–∑— ß ™’ «‘ µ °— 𠵓¡‡æ≈߇Փ‰«â °à Õ π,
‰¡à„™à‡ÀÁπ«à“‰¡à‰À«°Á¬‘ß∑‘Èß. π—Ëπ‡ªìπ
§µ‘ ¢ ÕßΩ√—Ë ß µ‘ ¥ ¡“·µà ‡ ¡◊Ë Õ  ¡— ¬ ¥÷ ° ¥”
∫√√æå ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬àŸ¬—߇√à√àÕπ
‰¡à¡’À≈—°·À≈àß·ª≈ß∑’Ë §«“¡®”‡ªìπ
∫—ߧ—∫®÷ßµâÕß∑”, ∂Ÿ°‡À¡◊Õπ°—π·µà
‡ªì π §π≈–·ßà ‡ °’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ®”‡ªì π ·≈–‰¡à
®”‡ªì 𠵓¡ ‘Ë ß ·≈–‡Àµÿ ° “√≥å ∑’Ë · «¥
≈âÕ¡.
§”∑’˵“¬·≈â« °≈—∫¡’™’«‘µ„À¡à°Á¡’
‡æ√“–‰¥âÀ¡Õ¥’«“߬“·°â„Àâøó‘Èπ¢÷Èπ¡“
„À¡à‰¥â ‡™à𧔠çœæ≥œ ∑à“πé ‡ªìπ
µ—«Õ¬à“ß ´÷Ë߇ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ ∑√ß™ÿ∫„Àâ
§◊π™’«‘µ„À¡à ·¡â§«“¡À¡“¬®–‡ª≈’ˬπ
‰ª∫â“ß®“°‡¥‘¡ °Á¬—ߥ’°«à“„Àâ Ÿ≠À“¬
µ“¬ ç°«à“é ‡ ’¬∑’‡¥’¬«. π’ˇªì𧫓¡
„π„®¢Õߢâ“懮ⓠ∑’‡Ë ¢’¬π ∫“ß ‡ªìπ ≈“ß
´÷Ëß°Á‰¥â Õ∫§âπ·≈â««à“ ≈“ß ¡’Õ¬àŸ„π
¿“…“‰∑¬∑ÿ°∂‘πË ‡∑à“∑’‰Ë ¥âæ∫ ∫“ß ‡ ’¬
Õ’°´÷ßË ‰¡àæ∫„π∑’ÕË πË◊ .
≈“ߧ”¡’√Ÿª‡ª≈’ˬπ‡æ’È¬π‰ª®“°
‡¥‘¡ π’Ë°Á‡À¡◊Õπ§πÕ’°. ¢â“懮Ⓡ¡◊ËÕ
Àπÿ¡à ¬—ß°√–™ÿ¡à °√–™«¬Õ¬à¡Ÿ ’ 纡¥°ª°
‰À≈à √Ÿª‰≈⇩≈‘¡∑Õßé ¡“∫—¥π’‰È ¡à∑√“∫
«à“º¡¢Õߢâ“懮ⓡ—πÀπ’À“¬‰ª‰Àπ
∂÷ß®–À¡¥‰ª°Á‰¡à«‘µ° ‡æ√“–¢â“懮â“
°Á¬—߇ªìπ¢â“懮â“Õ¬àŸ §◊Õ¬—ß¡’∫ÿ§≈‘°
≈—°…≥–¢Õßµπ ‰¡à°≈“¬‡ªìπ§πÕ◊Ëπ.
√Ÿª√à“ßÀπ⓵“¢Õߧπ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉¥â
°Á · µà  à « πª√–°Õ∫∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ª≈’ ° ¬à Õ ¬
‡∑à“π—πÈ Õ—π‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡ —ߢ“√. √Ÿª‡ ’¬ß
¢Õߧ”°Á‡ª≈’ˬπ‰¥â„π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π
‡™àπ ‡Õ°√“™ ‡¥‘¡°ÁÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß‡ªìπ ç‡Õ°
À√“¥é ‡¢â “ ·π∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫‡¥’ ¬ «°— π °— ∫
»— ° √“™ ¬— ß ‡À≈◊ Õ ‡§â “ ¢Õ߇¥‘ ¡ „π§”
¿“…“ª“°«à“ ç‡Õ°À√–é Õ—π‡ªìπ§”
°√àÕπ (phonetic decay) ®“°‡Õ°√“™.
§”‡æ∑√“™“ ‡¥‘¡Õà“π ‡æ∑ ‡ªìπ
‡æÁ¥ ‡ªìπÕà“πº‘¥ ‡æ√“–‡æ∑ °ÁµÕâ ߇ªìπ
‡æ∑ ®–‡ªìπ ‡æÁ¥ ‰¡à‰¥â ¥â«¬ ‡æ∑ ·º≈ß
¡“®“° ‡«∑, ·µà ‡æ∑¬“∏√ ¬—ßÕà“π‡ªìπ
‡æÁ¥ Õ¬àŸ ∑”‰¡‰¡à·°â„À⇪ìπ ‡æ∑ ‡ ’¬
®–‰¥âª√—∫„À⇢â“√–¥—∫·π«‡∑’¬∫ (ana-
logical leveling) ‡¥’¬«°—π „Àâ√⟷≈â«
√âŸ√Õ¥, §«“¡®√‘ßÕà“π ‡æ∑ ‰¡à‡æ√“–
‚∫√“≥®÷ßÕà“π‡ªìπ ‡æÁ¥. ‡§√“–À奒
µ√Õ°æ√–¬“‡æ∑√“™“Õ¬àŸ ¢â “ ß°√¡
»‘≈ª“°√ √“…Æ√¬—߇√’¬°«à“µ√Õ°æ√–
¬“‡æÁ¥ ·µà∫—¥π’È ∂Ÿ°‡∑»∫“≈‡ª≈’ˬπ
™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬„À¡à„À⇪ìπ¢Õß„À¡à∑—π ¡—¬«à“
´Õ¬»‘≈ª“°√,  ‘Èπ‡§√“–À剪∑’ ®–‰¥â
‰¡à°—ß«≈§âπÀ“™◊ËÕ‡°à“´÷ËßÀ“¬‰ª·≈â«
«à“Õ¬à∑Ÿ ‰Ë’ Àπ„Àâ≈”∫“°·°à°“√»÷°…“.
¬—ߧ”«à“ ∂ππ ÿ√«ß»å,  ÿ√‘«ß»å
À√◊Õ ÿ√¬‘ «ß»å Õ¬à“߉Àπ‡ªìπ∂Ÿ°. ªÑ“¬
™◊ËÕª“°∂ππ¢â“ßÀπ÷Ë߇§¬‡ªìπÀ√◊Õ¬—ß
‡ªìπÕ¬àŸ ‰¡à∑√“∫·πà«à“∂ππ ÿ√«ß»å,
·µà™◊ËÕª“°∂ππÕ’°¢â“ßÀπ÷Ëß ‡ªìπ∂ππ
 ÿ √‘ ¬ «ß»å ,  à « π™◊Ë Õ µ”∫≈‡ªì π µ”∫≈
∂ππ ÿ√‘«ß»å. ¡“∫—¥π’ȇÀÁπª√–°“»
¢Õ߇∑»∫“≈„πÀπâ “ Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ æ‘ ¡ æå
‡√◊ËÕß √â“ßÕ“§“√§â“µ“¡∂ππµà“ßÊ ¡’
™◊ËÕ√–∫ÿÕ¬àŸ¥â«¬«à“ ∂ππ ÿ√«ß»å π’ˇªìπ
™◊ËÕ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·µà®–„Àâ∑”Õ¬à“߉√ ®÷ß
®–‰¡à∂Ÿ°∑â«ß∂Ÿ°µ‘ß„À⇠’¬‡«≈“. ∂â“
‡¢“∫Õ°„Àâ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π°√Õ°≈߉ª„π·∫∫
æ‘¡æå«à“ µ”∫≈∂ππ ÿ√‘«ß»å Õ—¥Õ—Èπ
Õ÷ ¥ Õ— ¥ Õ ¬àŸ ®÷ ß µâ Õ ß √ – ∫ “ ¬ Õ Õ ° „ Àâ
 ∫“¬„®‚≈àß„® ·µà‰¡à∂ß÷ °—∫ çÕ°·µ°é
Õ¬à“ߺâŸÀ≠‘ß∑’ËÕ—¥Õ—Èπ‰«â‰¡àÕ¬àŸµâÕ߇ªî¥
˘¯
„Àâ‡ÀÁπÀ¡¥.
≈“ߧ”Õ“®¡’§«“¡À¡“¬¥’¢π÷È À√◊Õ
‡≈«≈ß°Á¡’ π’Ë°Á‡À¡◊Õπ§πÕ’°, ‡™à𧔫à“
°‘√‘¬“ ´÷Ë߇ªìπÕ“°“√Õ¬àŸ°≈“ßÊ ‰¡à¥’
‰¡à‡≈« ·µàæÕ‰ªµ“¡À≈—ߧ”«à“¡’‡ªìπ ¡’
°‘√‘¬“ ‡¢â“‡∑à“π—Èπ °Á°≈“¬‡ªìπ¥’‰ª,
 à « π§”«à “ °≈‘Ë π °Á ‡ ªì 𠧔°≈“ßÊ
‡À¡◊ Õ π°— π ‰ªµ“¡À≈— ß §”«à “ ¡’ ‡ ¢â “
‡∑à“π—Èπ‡ªìπ ¡’°≈‘Ëπ °≈—∫‡≈«≈ß ·ª≈°
®√‘ß ·µà«à“°Á‰¡à·ª≈° ∂â“√⟇√◊ËÕߧ«“¡
‡ªìπ‰ª¢Õß¿“…“„ππ‘√ÿ°µ‘»“ µ√å. §”
∫à“« ‡¥‘¡À¡“¬§«“¡«à“™“¬Àπàÿ¡∑—Èß
·∑àß ∑”‰¡®÷߇ªìπ·∑àß°Á‰¡à∑√“∫ §”«à“
‡®â“∫à“« ·ª≈«à“ ºâŸ‡ªìπ„À≠àÀ√◊Õ‡ªìπ
𓬄𧫓¡‡ªì π Àπàÿ ¡ ∑—È ß ·∑à ß ¥’ ‰ ¡à
πâÕ¬∑’‡¥’¬«, ·µàµÕà ¡“ ∫à“« °≈“¬§«“¡
À¡“¬«à“ §π„™â  ¡πÈ”Àπâ“∑’‰Ë ª¬Õ¡µπ
çÀ≈∫Ω“°é ‡ªìπ 燢¬ àŸ‡¢¬Õ“ “é
√—∫„™âß“π‡¢“ ‡æ◊ËÕÀ«—ßµÕ∫·∑π§◊Õ
≈Ÿ° “«.
≈“ߧ”¡’§«“¡À¡“¬°≈—∫°—πµ√ß
¢â“¡ À√◊Õ§”«à“ ·æâ ´÷Ë߇¥‘¡·ª≈«à“
™π–, §π·æ⇡’¬°Á§Õ◊ §π™π–‡¡’¬ ¡’‡¡’¬
‡ªìπ‰¡à‰¥â ‡¡’¬µâÕßµ“¬‰ª°àÕπµπ∑ÿ°
§π º—«®÷߇ªìπΩÉ“¬™π–‡¡’¬; §π·æ⺡
°Á§◊Õ§π™π–º¡ º¡ âŸ‰¡à‰¥â ¬—߉¡à∑—π
·°à°ÁÀπ’À“¬‰ªÀ¡¥ ‡®â“¢Õߺ¡®÷ß
‡ªìπºâŸ·æâ§◊Õ™π–º¡π—Ëπ‡Õß.
≈“ߧ”‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’˧«“¡À¡“¬‡¥‘¡
‡™àπ§”«à“ ¡À“»“≈ ·ª≈«à“ ºâŸ¬‘Ëß„À≠à
À√◊ Õ ¬‘Ë ß „À≠à ¥â « ¬Õ”π“®∫√‘ « “√À√◊ Õ
¥â«¬∏π∑√—æ¬å ‡™àπ °…—µ√‘¬å¡À“»“≈
æ√“À¡≥å¡À“»“≈ æàէⓡÀ“»“≈,
·µà‡§¬‰¥â¬‘π«à“√∫°—πÕ¬à“ß¡À“»“≈
À√◊ Õ Õ–‰√Õ◊Ë π Ê „π∑”πÕßπ’È °Á ‡ §¬¡’
‡ÀÁπ∑’®–„ÀâÀ¡“¬§«“¡«à“°«â“ß„À≠à
‡√◊ËÕß∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å

‰æ»“≈. ·ª≈°Õ–‰√°—∫§” ‡¡◊ËÕπ÷°«à“
∂Ÿ°°Á‡ªìπ∂Ÿ° ‡¡◊ËÕπ÷°«à“º‘¥°Á‡ªìπº‘¥
‡æ√“–§”„π¿“…“‡ªìπ·µà ç —≠π‘¬¡é
(convention - §”¢Õ߇ ¥Á®„π°√¡œ)
‡∑à“π—Èπ. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡™àππ’È ®–‡Õ“Õ–‰√‡ªìπ
‡§√◊ËÕ߬÷¥∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ∂Ÿ°À√◊Õ‡ªìπº‘¥ °Á
∂◊Õ‡Õ“‡ ’¬ß¢â“ß¡“°π—Ëπ·À≈–‡ªìπ∂Ÿ°.
·µà∑—Èßπ’Ȭ°‡«âπ‡ ’¬ß¢â“ß¡“°∑’Ë¡“®“°
§π 砟ߵ˔¥”¢“«‰¡à‡∑à“°—πé ∂â“°√–‰√
‰¥â ¢ “«‡ªì π ¢“« ∂÷ ß ®–¢“«¡“°¢“«
πâÕ¬°Á¬‘Ëߥ’¥â«¬‡ªìπ¢“«¥â«¬°—π.
≈“ߧ”‡ªìπ‰∑¬‚¥¬°”‡π‘¥·∑âÊ
·µà ‰ æ≈à ‰ ªπ‘ ¬ ¡„™â §”´÷Ë ß ¡’ ‡ ≈◊ Õ ¥‡π◊È Õ
‡™◊ÈÕ‰¢¡“®“°Õ◊Ë𠇙àπ À‘π ß—« §«“¬
·≈–À¡Ÿ À¡“, ∂â“„Àâ ÿ¿“æ°ÁµâÕß„™â«à“
»‘≈“ ‚§ °√–∫◊Õ ·≈– ÿ°√  ÿπ—¢. π’Ë°Á
‡ÀÁπ‡Àµÿ∑’˵âÕ߇ª≈’Ë¬π®“°§”‰∑¬‡ªìπ
§”‡∑» °≈à“«§◊Õ:-
À‘π ∂â“®–π”‡Õ“ª√–‚¬§¢Õ߇°à“
¡“‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß„ à‰§≈â«“à 箑ßÈ ‡À≈πÀ“ß
°ÿ¥¡ÿ¥‡¢â“À‘π·ßàé À√◊Õ çπ—ßË ¬ÕßÊ ¡Õß
¥ŸÀ‘π ‚°âß‚§â߇≈’¬À‘π·≈∫≈‘Èπ‡≈’¬À‘πé
∂â“查„Àâ‡√Á«Ê À√◊Õ‡º≈Õ °Á®–‡ÀÁπ‡Õß
«à“∑”‰¡®÷ßµâÕ߇ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ »‘≈“.
ß—«§«“¬ ‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ„™â«à“ ‚§
°√–∫◊Õ. π’˧߇°‘¥®“°§«“¬°àÕπ ‡ ’¬ß
¡—π‰¡à¥’ ¥â«¬‡©’¬¥‰ª¢â“ßÀ¬“∫ ®÷ß
µâÕ߇ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ„™â«à“ °√–∫◊Õ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
§”¢Õßµ√–°Ÿ ≈ ¿“…“Õ‘ π ‚¥π’ ‡ ™’ ¬ π.
¿“…“‰∑¬·≈–¿“…“‡¢¡√‰¥â §”
°√–∫◊Õ¡“„™â‡ªìπ¿“…“¢Õßµπ, ·µà
¿“…“‰∑¬‡§√“–À奒°«à“¿“…“‡¢¡√ ∑’Ë
§”‡¥‘¡¢Õ߉∑¬¬—ߧßÕ¬àŸ‰¡àÀπ’À“¬‰ª
‰Àπ ·µà¢Õ߇¢¡√π—ÈπÀ¥‡À’ȬπÀ“¬‰ª
À¡¥·≈â « . „π¿“…“¡Õ≠´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π
¿“…“µ√–°Ÿ ≈ ‡¥’ ¬ «°— ∫ ‡¢¡√ ‡√’ ¬ °
æ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π
°√–∫◊Õ«à“ ‡ª√’¬ß, §”π’¢È Õ߇¢¡√°Á¡’ ·µà
À¡“¬§«“¡«à“‰¢¢âÕ¢Õßß—« Õ¬à“ߧ”«à“
æ‘∏’®Õ߇ª√’¬ß„πæ√–√“™æ‘∏’‡°à“¢Õß
‰∑¬´÷Ë߇≈‘°·≈â«, ·≈–‚ª√¥‡¢â“„®‰«â
¥â«¬Õ¬à“ßπÕ°‡√◊ËÕß §”«à“ ¢Õ¡ ‡¥‘¡
‰¡à‰¥âÀ¡“¬∂÷߇¢¡√, ‡√“¬°„Àâ«à“‡ªìπ
‡¢¡√ °Á„π√–¬– ¡—¬À≈—ßπ’ȇÕß.
ß—« ‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ„™â«à“ ‚§ µ“¡§”
∫“≈’ ∑”‰¡®÷߇ª≈’Ë¬π ‰¡à‡ÀÁπ«à“ß—«®–
‡ªìπ§”¡’‡ ’¬ß‰¡à ¿ÿ “æ∑’µË √߉Àπ. ‡√◊ÕË ß
°Á§ß¡“®“°§«“¬π—Ëπ‡Õß §«“¬‰¥â™◊ËÕ
„À¡à«à“ °√–∫◊Õ ‡∑à“°—∫‰¥â‡≈◊ËÕπ∞“π–
 Ÿß¢÷Èπ ß—«´÷Ë߇ªìπ —µ«å§àŸÀŸ·≈–∂Ÿ°§Õ°—∫
§«“¬Õ¬à“ß„°≈♑¥ ‰¡à‡ª≈’Ë¬πµ“¡ °Á
®–§∫À“°—π‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ ¥â«¬º‘¥™—Èπ
«√√≥–, ®–„™â«à“ß—«°√–∫◊Õ °Á„™â‰¥â·µà
·ª≈°ÀŸ, ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ ß—«®÷߉¥â ¡≠“
„À¡à«à“ ‚§ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ‡¢â“§àŸ°—π‰¥â π‘∑«à“
‚§°√–∫◊Õ. π’Ë°Á‡∑à“°—∫ß—«‡¡◊ËÕ°àÕππ’È
‡¢â“§àŸ°—∫§«“¬®÷߇ªìπ ç§∫æ“≈æ“≈
擉ªÀ“º‘¥é ·µà ç§∫∫—≥±‘µ∫—≥±‘µ
擉ªÀ“º≈é ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â‡¢â“§àŸ„À¡à«à“‚§
°√–∫◊Õ.
Õ—π∑’Ë®√‘ß ∂â“«à“∂÷ß»—°¥‘Ï»√’ ß—«°Á¥’
°«à“§«“¬ ‡æ√“–ß—«¡’‡°’¬√µ‘‡ªìπ∂÷ß
æ√–¬“Õÿ ¿√“™·≈–æ√–ππ∑‘°“√, ·µà
§«“¬‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß ∑√æ’ ·≈–∑√擇∑à“π—πÈ .
‚§‡ªì π  — µ «å ª √–‡ √‘ ∞ ¢Õßæ√“À¡≥å
·≈–¡’ ‘Ëߪ√–‡ √‘∞∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‚§∂÷ßÀâ“
Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ ¡Ÿµ√ §Ÿ∂ π¡ ‡π¬„  ·≈–
‡π¬¢âπ. ∂ⓇՓ ‘Ëߪ√–‡ √‘∞ ı Õ¬à“ßπ’È
º ¡√«¡√–§π„À⇢⓰—πÀ¡¥π—Ëπµ“¡
≈—∑∏‘æ‘∏’ ·≈â«°≈◊π¡—π‡¢â“‰ª„π∑âÕß
∫“ª¡’Õ¬àŸ„πµ—«‡∑à“„¥ °Á‡ªìπ Ÿ≠À“¬
¡≈“¬‰ªÀ¡¥ ‘Èπ ‰¡àµâÕß≈â“ß„À⇠’¬
‡«≈“.  ‘Ëߪ√–‡ √‘∞Àâ“Õ¬à“ßπ’È ‡√’¬°„π
˘˘
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
¿“…“ —π °ƒµ«à“ ªí≠®§–«–¬– ‡¢’¬π
Õ¬à“ßπ’È¥Ÿ·ª≈°µ“ ∂â“«à“‚¥¬À≈—°·≈â«
®–µâÕ߇¢’¬π§–«–¬–‰¡à¡ª’ √–«‘ √√™π’¬å
·µà°Á‰¡à°≈Ⓡ¢’¬π ¬àÿ߇µÁ¡∑’. ‡√◊ËÕߪ√–
·≈–‰¡à ª √–«‘   √√™π’ ¬å π’È ·¡â · µà „ π
æ®π“πÿ°√¡ §«“¡®”‡ªìπ∫—ߧ—∫µâÕß
·ª≈߇ ’¬ß « „π §–«–¬– „À⇪ìπ æ
‡ªìπ√Ÿª §—æ¬å, ·ª≈ß√Ÿª·≈⫺âŸ√⟰Á·ª≈
‰¡àÕÕ°«à“‡ªìπÕ–‰√ ®÷ßµâÕß·º≈ß®”·≈ß
√ŸªÕ’°µàÕÀπ÷Ë߇ªìπ §√√¿ ·ª≈«à“ ÀâÕß
‡™àπ ‡∫≠®§√√¿ ·ª≈«à“ Àâ“ÀâÕß.
‡ª≈’ˬπÕ¬à“ßπ’È¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…‡√’¬°«à“
learned etymology §◊Õ ≈“°‡¢â“À“
»—æ∑å¢ÕߺâŸ√⟠„Àâ·ª≈‡Õ“§«“¡‰¥â. ‡√“
‡§¬‡√’¬°°—π‡ªìπ¿“…“ª“° «à“≈“°
‡¢â“«—¥ ·µà‡ªì𧔷 ≈ßÀŸ‰¡à§«√„™â
Õ¬à“߬‘Ë߇æ√“–Õ“®∂Ÿ°‚°√∏‰¥âßà“¬Ê
‡À¡◊Õπæ«°ƒ…’™’‰æ√„π‡√◊ËÕß«√√≥§¥’
Õ‘π‡¥’¬‰¡à∂Ÿ°„®Õ–‰√π‘¥°Á‚°√∏.
‡¡◊ËÕ°≈à“«∂÷߇√◊ËÕß«—«§«“¬·≈â« °Á
µâÕßπ÷°‰ª∂÷ßÀ¡ŸÀ¡“ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ —µ«å¡’
‡ ’¬ß„π™◊ËÕÕ¬àŸ„°≈â°—π. ¡—π‡ªìπ —µ«å
´÷Ëß∂⓪≈àÕ¬µ“¡≈”æ—ß °Á °ª√°·≈–
µË”™â“ ¬‘Ë߇ªìπ¢Õß«—¥¥â«¬·≈â« ‡¡◊ËÕ
°à Õ ππ’È ¡— ° ¡’ À— « ‡ªóô Õ π®π·¥ß‡∂◊ Õ °
‡æ√“–¡—π∑—Èß§àŸ™Õ∫°‘π¢ÕßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«
°—π‡ ’¬¥â«¬. ‡√“‰¡à°‘π‡π◊ÈÕÀ¡“ ·µà«à“
™Õ∫°‘π‡π◊ÕÈ À¡Ÿ. À¡“ ‡ªì𧔄™â∫Õà ¬Ê
‡ªìπ‡™‘ßª√“¡“  ‡æ◊ËÕ ÿ¿“æ®÷ßµâÕß
‡ª≈’¬Ë π‡√’¬°«à“  ÿπ¢— °Á§«√·≈â«, ·µà‰ª
‡ª≈’¬Ë π —µ«å∑§’Ë °àŸ π— ‡©æ“– ÿπ¢— °Á≈”∫“°
‡æ√“–®–查‡¢â“§àŸ°—π«à“À¡Ÿ ÿπ—¢ °Á®–
‡ªìπ°≈“¬‡ªìπÀ¡“¬§«“¡«à“À¡ŸÕ¬à“ß
 ÿπ¢— ®÷ßµâÕ߇ª≈’¬Ë π À¡Ÿ ‡ªìπ  ÿ°√ µ“¡
‰ª¥â«¬. Õ—π∑’Ë®√‘ß®–‡√’¬°À¡Ÿ«à“À¡Ÿ
„𧔇™àπ ‡π◊ÈÕÀ¡Ÿ πÈ”¡—πÀ¡Ÿ °Á‰¡à
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
‡¥◊Õ¥√âÕπÕ–‰√, ¬°‡«âπ·µà§”«à“À¡Ÿ«—¥
∂Ⓡª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ ÿ°√«—¥À√◊Õ ÿ°√Õ“√“¡
°Á øí ß ¢÷È π ·µà ° ≈“¬‡ªì 𠧔™π‘ ¥ ∑’Ë „ π
¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…‡√’¬°«à“ malapropism
‡™àπ查«à“ ç≈Ÿ° ÿπ—¢°‘πÕÿ®®“√–é ‡ªìπ
ç∫ÿµ√ ÿπ—¢√—∫ª√–∑“πÕÿ®®“√–é, À√◊Õ
‡√’ ¬ °§”·¡à ° ≈Õß ≈Ÿ ° °ÿ ≠ ·® «à “
¡“√¥“°≈Õß ∫ÿµ√°ÿ≠·®, π’Ë°ÁøíßÕÕ°
‡ªìπ¿“…“‡À¡◊Õπ°—π ·µà‡ªìπ¿“…“
¢Õߺ⟠‰ ¡à √⟠·µà µâ Õ ß°“√®–‡Õ“Õ¬à “ ß
¿“…“¢Õߺâ√Ÿ .Ÿâ
‡√“查«à“ °‘πÀ¡Ÿ °‘π‡ªì¥ °‘π‰°à
·≈–°‘πª≈“, ·µà®–°‘πß—«°‘𧫓¬‰¡à‰¥â
µâÕß查«à“ °‘π‡π◊ÈÕß—«‡π◊ÈÕ§«“¬, ‡æ√“–
°‘πß—«°‘𧫓¬ ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß°‘π¢Õ߬—°…å
¢ÕßÀà“´÷ßË ‰¡à„™à§π. ‡√◊ÕË ß¿“…“π’·È ª≈°
„π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…¡’§”«à“ sheep, pig,
calf, ox ·µà‡π◊ÈÕ¢Õß¡—π‡√’¬°‰ª‡ ’¬
Õ’°Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß«à“ mutton, pork, veal,
beef π’ˇªìπ‡√◊ËÕß·∫àß™—Èπ«√√≥–°—π.
§”™ÿ¥·√°‡ªìπ¿“…“¢Õßæ«°·´°´—π
´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡®â“¢Õß∂‘Ëπ„πª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ…,
¿“¬À≈— ß æà “ ¬·æâ   ߧ√“¡·°à æ «°
πÕ√·¡π´÷Ë߇ªìπ™π™“µ‘¡“·µàÕ◊Ëπ µ°
‡ªìπ¢â“™à«ß„™âæ«°πÕ√·¡πºâŸ ç¡“‡ªìπ
‡®â“‡¢â“§√Õßé ‡À¬’¬¥ΩÉ“¬·æâ«“à ‡ªìπ§π
™—ÈπµË” ·¡â·µà§”‡¥‘¡¢ÕßΩÉ“¬·æâ ∂â“
®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇°’¬Ë «¢âÕß°—∫æ«°ºâ‡Ÿ ªìππ“¬
°ÁµâÕ߇ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ§”¢Õ߇®â“π“¬Õ¬à“ß
„π™ÿ¥∑’Ë Õß. ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ΩÉ“¬æà“¬
·æâ ‰ ¡à „ ™à ® –¡’ ∞ “π–µ°µË” Õ¬à “ ߇¥’ ¬ «
·¡â§”„π¿“…“¢Õßµπ‡Õß°ÁµâÕßµ°µË”
‰ª¥â«¬.
∑’Ë§π¡’™◊ËÕµ—««à“À¡“«à“À¡Ÿ ‰¡à
‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ§”«à“ ÿπ—¢«à“ ÿ°√ °Á‡æ√“–
·µà‚∫√“≥µâÕß°“√®–À≈Õ° 纒∑ª’Ë πíô ≈Ÿ°
µ‘¥®¡Ÿ° ≈Ÿ°µ“æ≈—πé «à“‡¥Á°∑’¡Ë π— ªíπô π—πÈ
„À⇰‘¥¡“π—È𠇪ìπÀ¡“‰¡à„™à§π ¡—π®–
‰¥âÀ≈߇™◊ËÕ‰¡à‡Õ“µ—«‰ª§◊Õ∑”„Àⵓ¬.
∂Ⓣª‡ª≈’ˬπ™◊ËÕÀ¡ŸÀ¡“‡ªìπ ÿπ—¢ ÿ°√
§π∑’Ë ™◊Ë Õ À¡Ÿ À ¡“°Á ‡ ¥◊ Õ ¥√â Õ π¡“°∂÷ ß
‚°√∏‰¥â ‡æ√“–º’¡—π‰¡à√⟻—æ∑å· ß ŸßÊ
Õ“®‡Õ“§π™◊ËÕÕ¬à“ß„À¡à‰ª°Á‰¥â. À“°
‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕßÕ◊Ëπ ∂Ⓣ¡à‡ª≈’Ë¬π‚¥¬‡©æ“–
§”À¡“ °Á‡°‘¥‡√◊ËÕß ‡æ√“–¡’°≈‘ËπÕ“¬
§«“¡À¡“¬‰¡à ‡ ∑à “ °— 𠇙à 𠧔«à “
µ”√«® ÿπ—¢ „™â‰¥â‰¡àº‘¥‡æ√“–¡’§”«à“
µ”√«®¡â“ ‡ªìπ·π«‡∑’¬∫Õ¬àŸ·≈â«. ∂â“
Õ“®À“≠‰ª‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªì𧔠“¡—≠ §◊Õ
‰∑¬·∑â °Á µâ Õ ß‡¥◊ Õ ¥√â Õ π‡ªì π ¢Õß·πà
∂Ⓣª‡πâπ´È” ÕßÀπ °Á¬‘Ëß·πà∂÷ߪ“°
·µ°‰¥â. ¢âÕ·ª≈°¢ÕßÀ¡“Õ’°Õ¬à“ß
Àπ÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ æ¡à“‡√’¬° À¡“ «à“ §«“¬,
·ª≈°∑’ËÀ¡“‡ªì𧫓¬‰¥â ·µà‡¢“ÕÕ°
‡ ’¬ß„°≈≪∑“ߧ«“¬„π‰∑¬≈“ß∂‘Ëπ.
‡√◊ËÕß ÿπ—¢¬—߉¡àÀ¡¥ °àÕππ’È ÿπ—¢
‰∑¬¡’§«“¡·√ߥ—π·Ààß‡æ» °Á‡©æ“–
„πƒ¥Ÿ‡¥◊Õπ ÒÚ ·Ààßªï ‡¥’ά«π’ȉ¡à‡ªìπ
ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈‡À¡◊Õπ‡¡◊ÕË °àÕπ·≈â« ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
‡∑à“∑’ Ë ß— ‡°µ‡ÀÁπ„π°√ÿ߇∑æœ ∑’‡Ë ª≈’¬Ë π
·ª≈߉ª ‡¢“«à“‡æ√“–¡—πÕÿµ√‘‰ªº ¡
æ—π∏åÿ°—∫ ÿπ—¢æ—π∏åÿµà“ߪ√–‡∑» ∑—Èß
Õ“À“√°‘π∑’Ë¢ÿπ¡—π °Á‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª¥â«¬
‰¡à‡©æ“–°‘π·µàπÈ”¢â“« ®÷ß∑”„À⧫“¡
·√ߥ—π°≈“¬‡ªìπæ√Ë”‡æ√◊ËÕº‘¥ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈
‰ª¥â«¬. ª√–‡æ≥’‚∫√“≥¢Õ߉∑¬‰¡à
¬Õ¡∑”æ‘∏’·µàßß“π‡¥◊Õπ ÒÚ ‡°√ß«à“
®–‰ª·¢àߢ—πª√–™—π°—π‡¢â“ ‡¥’ά«π’ȉ¡à
∂◊Õ·≈â« ‡æ√“–·µàß°—π„π‡¥◊Õπ ÒÚ °Á
¡’∫â“ß ·µà¬—ß¡’ª√–ª√“¬Õ¬àŸ. „π¿“…“
 —π °ƒµ¡’§”«à“ »“√∑ ∫“≈’‡ªìπ  “√∑
·ª≈°—π«à“ ƒ¥Ÿ„∫‰¡â√à«ß §”π’È∂â“·ª≈
˘Ò
°—πµ“¡√Ÿª»—æ∑å°«Á “à 烥ŸÕπ— ‡ªìπ∑’¬Ë π‘ ¥’
·Ààß ÿπ—¢é ¡—π®–¬‘π¥’°—π‡æ√“–¥â«¬
Õ–‰√°Á™à“߇∂‘¥, ·µà§”  “√∑ Õà“π
‡ ’¬ßÕ¬à“߉∑¬«à“  “¥ ‡™àπ µ√ÿ… “√∑
°√–¬“ “√∑ ∂â“À¥‡ ’¬ß “¥„Àâ —Èπ‡¢â“
°Á ‰ ªæâ Õ ß°— ∫ §”‰∑¬Õ’ ° §”Àπ÷Ë ß Õ¬à “ ß
·ª≈°ª√–À≈“¥.
¢â“懮Ⓡ¢’¬π‡√◊ËÕß∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å
‡¢’¬π‰ªÊ °Á‰∂≈°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¡
‡ªìπ¡“¢Õß¿“…“‰∑¬‡¥’ά«π’ȧ”„À¡à
‡™àπ ∂â“®–查«à“‡ªìπ √“¬§π ®–µâÕß
«à“‡ªìπ √“¬À—« ‡æ√“–Ω√—ßË „™â«“à À—« ‡√“
®÷ßµâÕß„™âÀ—«∫â“ß ®–‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“߇¢“.
¡–≈“¬Ÿ ‡«’¬¥π“¡ ‡¥’¬Î «π’‡È ªìπ ¡–≈“¬“
‡«’¬µπ“¡* °Á‡æ√“–Ω√—ßË ‡¢’¬π Malaya
Vietnam ‡√“°Áµ“¡‰ª¥â«¬, ·µà§”«à“
≠’˪Éÿπ ®’π ∑”‰¡®÷߉¡à‡ª≈’Ë¬πµ“¡Ω√—Ëß
‡ªìπ·¬Áª·ªπ ·≈–‰™π“ ‰™ «π °Á‰¡à
∑√“∫.
ªí ≠ ≠“§«“¡√⟠¢ Õ߇√“·≈–¢Õß
„§√Ê ∑“ßµ–«—πÕÕ° ·µà°àÕπ¡’°”‡π‘¥
¡“·µàæÿß ‡¥’ά«π’ÈÕ¬àŸ∑’Ë ¡Õß ®–·°â
§«“¡«à “ çÀ¡¥æÿ ß é ‡ªì π çÀ¡¥
 ¡Õßé „Àâ∂Ÿ°µ“¡§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß∑“ß
«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å °Áπà“®–‰¥â ·µà®–µâÕß·°â
°—π„À≠à‰ª∂÷ߧ”Õ◊Ë𠇙àπ µ–«—π¢÷Èπ
µ–«—πµ°¥‘π µ°ø“° À≈—ߧ“ πÈ”µ“≈
¬ÿß°—¥ ¬ÿß√âÕß ·≈–Õ–‰√Õ◊Ëπ„π®”æ«°π’È
´÷ßË ‰¡à‡ªì𧫓¡®√‘ß·≈⫉ª¥â«¬. ·°â‰ª
·°â¡“ ∑”„À⇢Ⓞ®º‘¥§«“¡À¡“¬„π
∑“ßµ√ߢⓡ°Á¡’ ‡™àπ Õ¿‘√¡¬å ·ª≈«à“
¬‘π¥’¬‘Ëß ·µà„π¿“…“°≈Õπ‡ªìπ ¿‘√¡¬å
*ªí®®ÿ∫—πª√–°“» ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’·≈–
√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π °”Àπ¥„Àâ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π«à “
‡«’¬¥π“¡ ¡≈“¬Ÿ ¡≈“¬“ - °√¡»‘≈ª“°√
‡√◊ËÕß∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å

Õ¬à“ß ç¿‘√¡¬å ¡ à Ÿ “¬ ¡√é  “¡—≠™π
∑’‰Ë ¡à√¿Ÿâ “…“ øíß·≈â«°Á‡¢â“„®«à“ Õ¿‘√¡¬å
°Á§◊Õ ‰¡à¿‘√¡¬åπ—Ëπ‡Õß.
§”«à“ ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « ∑’®Ë –π÷°«à“‡∑’¬Ë «
‰ª ∑”‰¡®÷ßµâÕß∑àÕߥ⫬ æÿ∑‚∏à ®–
‡∑’ˬ«°—π∑—Èß∑’ ∑”‰¡®÷ßµâÕß∑àÕßπÈ”
µâÕߧ‘¥§”„À¡à„™â·∑π«à“ ∑—»π“®√.
Õ—π∑’®Ë √‘ß ∑àÕß„π∑’πË ’È ·ª≈«à“  –¥«° ‰¡à
µ‘¥¢—¥ ‡™àπ ¢ÿπ∑àÕß ◊ËÕ ¢ÿπ∑àÕß«“√’
®–‡ªìπ∑Ÿµ‰ª‡®√‘≠∑“ßæ√–√“™‰¡µ√’
∑”‰¡®÷ß∑àÕßπÈ”∑àÕß«“√’¥â«¬. ‡§¬¡’ºâŸ
∑â«ß«à“ ∑—»π“®√ ª√–°Õ∫»—æ∑庑¥
‰¡à‰¥â·ª≈«à“ ‰ª‡æ◊ËÕ¥Ÿ™¡ ·µà·ª≈«à“
ç‰¡à‰ª‡æ◊ËÕ¥Ÿ™¡é, ∂â“¥Ÿ·≈–‰ª¥â«¬ °Á
µâÕ߇ªìπ ∑—»π®√ ®÷ß®–∂Ÿ°»—æ∑å, °Á‡ ’¬ß
¡—π‰¡à‡æ√“–‡∑à“°—∫«à“ ∑—»π“®√ „§√°Á
‰¡àÕ¬“°„™â. Õ—π∑’Ë®√‘ß ∑—»π“ ·≈–®√
æ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π
‡ªì𧔉∑¬ „§√Ê ·¡âµ“·°à¬“¬·°à°Á√âŸ
®—°,  Õߧ”π’È ∂÷ß«à“®–‡ªì𧔠◊∫¡“
®“°¿“…“∫“≈’ ·µà°Á¢÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬π‡ªìπ
§”‰∑¬‚¥¬ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å·≈â«. ∂â“查„Àâ
™—¥Õ¬à“߉∑¬«à“ ∑—»π“®√ ·¢°ºâŸ‡ªìπ
‡®â “ ¢Õ߇¥‘ ¡ °Á øí ß ‰¡à Õ Õ° ¥â « ¬‡ªì π
Õ—°¢√«‘∫µ— „‘ π‡ ’¬ß¿“…“¢Õ߇¢“ ‡æ√“–
‡√“·ª≈߇ ’¬ß‡ªìπ‰∑¬·≈â« ‰¡à‰¥â‡ªìπ
·¢°Õ’°µàÕ‰ª ∏ÿ√–Õ–‰√®–°≈—∫„À⇪ìπ
·¢°Õ’°‡≈à“. Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—∫§π‰∑¬
‡¥‘¡®–¡’‡™◊ÈÕ™“µ‘¡“®“°‰Àπ∫â“ß°Á™à“ß
‡∂‘¥ ·µà°Á‡ªìπ‰∑¬Õ¬àŸ«—π¬—ߧ˔ ‰¡à¡’
„§√„π‚≈°π’È∑’ˇ®√‘≠·≈⫉¡à¡’º ¡°—π
æ«°§πªÉ“‡∑à“π—πÈ ∑’‰Ë ¡à¬Õ¡º ¡°—∫„§√
·≈–„§√°Á‰¡àÕ¬“°º ¡¥â«¬. §”„π
¿“…“°Á‡ªìπ∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π ∑à“π∑√“∫
‰À¡«à“§”‡À≈à“π’ȇªì𧔉∑¬ À√◊Õ‡ªìπ
˘ÒÒ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
§”µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡™àπ ∫Ÿ¥ µ¡ µàÿ¡ Õàÿπ
≈∫ ‚≈π ‚≈‡≈ ‡ ≈¥ ¥Õ°°√–∑àÿ¡ µâπ
µ–‡§’¬π ≈â«π‡ªìπ§”¡’‡™◊ÕÈ  “¬∫“≈’ π— -
 °ƒµ∑—Èßπ—Èπ (§”À≈—ߺà“π‡¢â“¡“‡ªìπ
§”‰∑¬∂÷ß Õß §◊Õ °∑‘√ (∫“≈’) - °‡µ’¬«
(‡¢¡√) - µ–‡§’¬π (‰∑¬ ‡ªì𧔠—∫
‡ ’¬ß metathesis) ·µà¡“Õ¬àŸ„π —ߧ¡
‰∑¬°ÁµâÕ߇ªìπ‰∑¬·πàπÕπ ∂÷ß„§√®–
¡“∫Õ°«à“‰¡à„™à‰∑¬°Á‚°√∏·πà. ‡¡◊ËÕ
®‘ µ „®‡ªì π ‰∑¬Õ¬àŸ · ≈â « ‚¥¬ ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å
‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ§”«à“ ∑—»π“®√ ®÷߉¡àπà“
√—߇°’¬®«à“º‘¥·≈–‰¡à„™à§”‰∑¬ ∑—»π“®√
„§√øí ß °Á ‡ ¢â “ „®·≈–‰æ‡√“–‡ ’ ¬ ¥â « ¬
§π®÷ßπ‘¬¡„™â°—πŒ◊Õ„À≠à ‡ ’¬Õ¬à“ß
‡¥’¬«∑’Ëøíß·≈⫇ªìπ¬’ˇ°‰ª‡∑à“π—Èπ ¥â«¬
ª√–°“√©–π’È.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002

°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“¥â«¬ ª√–¬Ÿ√ °“≠®π¥ÿ≈

√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

‚¥¬ æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ√‘ “™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

æ.». ÚıÙÙ

¢âÕ Ò. °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß‚§√ß √â“ß
‡π◊ÕË ß®“°æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ√‘ “™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚÙ¯ı Õߧå°√¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¢÷Èπ
‰¥â„™â∫—ߧ—∫¡“‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π∂÷ß ˆ ªï ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ß“π„πÀπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‰¥â¢¬“¬µ—«ÕÕ°‰ª¡“°∑—Èß„π¥â“π°“√§âπ§«â“ «‘®—¬
„À¡à„À⇪ìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß∑“ß«‘™“°“√
·≈–°“√„Àâ ∫ √‘ ° “√∑“ß«‘ ™ “°“√·°à √— ∞ ∫“≈ Àπà « ¬ß“π¢Õß√— ∞ ·≈– ·Ààß™“µ‘
ª√–™“™π, ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘ßË ß“πª√—∫ª√ÿß·≈–µ√«®™”√–æ®π“πÿ°√¡ Ò. °“√„Àâ√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π„Àâ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å·≈–∑—π ¡—¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â‡ªìπ¡“µ√∞“π  ∂“π‡ªìπ à«π√“™°“√Õ‘ √–‰¡àÕ¬Ÿà„π
„π°“√‡¢’¬π °“√Õà“π·≈–°“√查¿“…“‰∑¬„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕ߇ªìπ√–‡∫’¬∫  —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß ∑∫«ß °√¡„¥ ·≈–
‡¥’¬«°—π, ß“π®—¥∑” “√“πÿ°√¡, Õ—°¢√“πÿ°√¡, Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π∑“ß«‘™“
°“√ “¢“µà“ßÊ, ß“π®—¥∑”æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ·≈–∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å«‘™“°“√
Õ¬Ÿà„π∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“¢Õß𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’
 “¢“∑’Ë ”§—≠Ê, ß“π∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å«‘™“°“√¿“…“µà“ߪ√–‡∑»‡ªìπ ‚¥¬µ√ß.
¿“…“‰∑¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâª√–™“™π„™â„π Ú. °“√®—¥„Àâ¡’ ¿“√“™-
°“√»÷°…“ §âπ§«â“Àπ—ß ◊Õµ”√“¿“…“µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ·≈– à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¡’ ∫—≥±‘µ.
°“√„™â »— æ ∑å «‘ ™ “°“√¿“…“‰∑¬·∑π»— æ ∑å ¿ “…“µà “ ߪ√–‡∑»„Àâ ‡ ªì π Û. °“√®—¥·∫àß ”π—°¢Õß
¡“µ√∞“π‡¥’¬«°—π, √«¡∑—Èß°“√∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß∑“ß«‘™“°“√„π
°“√Õπÿ√—°…å¿“…“‰∑¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ √‘¡ √â“߇հ≈—°…≥å·Ààß¿“…“‰∑¬.
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.
Ù. °“√®—¥µ—Èߧ≥–°√√¡-
§” ”§—≠ : °ÆÀ¡“¬√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
°“√ à߇ √‘¡°‘®°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.
ı. °“√®—¥µ—Èߧ≥–°√√¡-
°“√∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.
‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫∫∑∫“∑¿“√– ÒÛ æƒ»®‘°“¬π æ.». ÚıÙÙ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ ˆ. °“√·¬°‡®â“Àπâ“∑’ΩË “É ¬
Àπâ “ ∑’Ë · ≈– ¿“æ°“√≥å ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¢Õß «—π∂—¥®“°«—πª√–°“»æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘ √“™∫—≥±‘µ∑’Ë¡’°“√‡≈◊Õ°ÕÕ°®“°‡®â“
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ®÷߉¥â¡°’ “√ª√—∫ª√ÿß π’È„π√“™°‘®®“πÿ‡∫°…“. Àπâ“∑’∑Ë ‡Ë’ ªìπ¢â“√“™°“√ª√–®”.
°ÆÀ¡“¬«à “ ¥â « ¬√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π À≈—°°“√Õ—π‡ªìπ “√– ”§—≠¢Õß ¢âÕ Ú. °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß·≈–¢¬“¬
‚¥¬æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ√‘ “™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ √ “™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
æ.». ÚıÙÙ ∑’¡Ë º’ ≈„™â∫ß— §—∫µ—ßÈ ·µà«π— ∑’Ë æ.». ÚıÙÙ ¡’¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È  ∂“π ‚¥¬

°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“¥â«¬√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
˘ÒÚ
‚¥¬æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙÙ

Ò. °“√¢¬“¬Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
ʶҹ.
Ú. °“√¥”‡π‘πß“π‡°’¬Ë «°—∫°“√®—¥∑”æ®π“πÿ-
°√¡  “√“πÿ°√¡ Õ—°¢√“πÿ°√¡ Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π °“√∫—≠≠—µ‘
»—æ∑å«‘™“°“√ “¢“µà“ßÊ.
Û. °“√°”Àπ¥À≈—°‡°≥±åµ“à ßÊ ‡°’¬Ë «°—∫°“√
„™â¿“…“‰∑¬ °“√Õπÿ√—°…å·≈– à߇ √‘¡¿“…“‰∑¬´÷Ë߇ªìπ
‡Õ°≈—°…≥å¢Õß™“µ‘.
¢âÕ Ò. °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß‚§√ß √â“ßÕߧå°√¢Õß√“™∫—≥-
±‘µ¬ ∂“π„À⇪ìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß∑“ß«‘™“°“√·Ààß™“µ‘
Ò. °“√„Àâ√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡ªìπ
 à«π√“™°“√Õ‘ √–‰¡àÕ¬Ÿà„π —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß ∑∫«ß °√¡„¥
·≈–Õ¬Ÿà„π∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“¢Õß𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’‚¥¬µ√ß.
·µà‡¥‘¡¡“µ—Èß·µà‰¥â¡’°“√ª√–°“»„™âæ√–
√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚÙ¯ı √“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¡’∞“𖇪ìπ à«π√“™°“√∑’Ë¡’∞“𖇪ìπ°√¡∑’Ë
‰¡àÕ¬Ÿà„π —ß°—¥ ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’À√◊Õ°√–∑√«ß ∑∫«ß
°√¡„¥ ·≈–¢÷Èπµ√ßµàÕ𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’. ·µà„π ¡—¬µàÕ¡“
æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘ª√—∫ª√ÿß °√–∑√«ß ∑∫«ß æ.». ÚıÛÙ
¡“µ√“ ÛÙ ‰¥â∫—≠≠—µ‘„Àâ√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“πÕ¬Ÿà„π∫—ߧ—∫
∫—≠™“¢Õß√—∞¡πµ√’«“à °“√°√–∑√«ß»÷°…“∏‘°“√ ∑—ßÈ Ê ∑’¡Ë ‰‘ ¥â
¡’°“√¬°‡≈‘°À√◊Õ·°â‰¢æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚÙ¯ı ¡“µ√“ ı ∑’Ë∫—≠≠—µ‘„Àâ√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π‡ªìπ∑∫«ß°“√‡¡◊Õß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“¢Õß𓬰
√—∞¡πµ√’, ®÷߉¥â¡’°“√·°â‰¢‚¥¬æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘ª√—∫ª√ÿß
°√–∑√«ß ∑∫«ß °√¡ (©∫—∫∑’Ë ÚÛ) æ.». ÚıÙÙ ´÷Ëß
ª√–°“»„™â∫—ߧ—∫æ√âÕ¡°—∫æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙÙ „À⬰‡≈‘°§«“¡„π¡“µ√“ ÛÙ ·Ààß
æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µª‘ √—∫ª√ÿß°√–∑√«ß ∑∫«ß °√¡ æ.». ÚıÛÙ
·≈–∫—≠≠—µ‘‰«â„π¡“µ√“ Û „Àâ√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¡’Õ”π“®
Àπâ“∑’˵“¡∑’Ë°”À𥉫â„π°ÆÀ¡“¬§◊Õ °ÆÀ¡“¬«à“¥â«¬
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ·≈–„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà„π∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“¢Õß𓬰
√—∞¡πµ√’. √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π®÷ßæâπ®“°°“√Õ¬Ÿà„π∫—ߧ—∫
∫—≠™“¢Õß√—∞¡πµ√’«à“°“√°√–∑√«ß»÷°…“∏‘°“√ ·≈–§ßÕ¬Ÿà
„π∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“¢Õß𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’µ“¡‡¥‘¡. ∑—Èßπ’È°Á‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡ªìπ à«π√“™°“√∑’ˇªìπÕ‘ √–‰¡àÕ¬Ÿà„π
ª√–¬Ÿ√ °“≠®π¥ÿ≈
˘ÒÛ
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
 —ß°—¥ ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’ °√–∑√«ß ∑∫«ß °√¡„¥ „Àâ ¡
°—∫‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß∑“ß«‘™“°“√·Ààß™“µ‘∑’Ë„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁ𠧔
·π–π”·°à∑“ß√“™°“√ Àπ૬ߓπ¢Õß√—∞  ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“
Àπ૬ߓπ¢Õ߇հ™π·≈–ª√–™“™π∑—Ë«‰ª, √«¡∑—Èß°“√∑”
Àπâ“∑’Ë„π°“√°”Àπ¥À≈—°‡°≥±å‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√„™â¿“…“‰∑¬
°“√Õπÿ√—°…å·≈– à߇ √‘¡¿“…“‰∑¬, ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å¢Õß
™“µ‘.
Ú. °“√®—¥„Àâ¡’ ¿“√“™∫—≥±‘µ
°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“πÕ’°‡√◊ËÕßÀπ÷Ëß ‰¥â·°à °“√®—¥µ—Èß ¿“√“™∫—≥±‘µ¢÷Èπ
‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇪ìπÕߧå°√∑’˪√–™ÿ¡„À≠à¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ·∑π°“√
ª√–™ÿ¡√“™∫—≥±‘µ∑ÿ° ”π—°√à«¡°—𠵓¡æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚÙ¯ı ¡“µ√“ ÚÛ ´÷Ëß
‰¡à¡’∞“𖇪ìπÕߧå°√∑’˵—Èߢ÷Èπ‰«â‡ªìπª√–®”.
 ¿“√“™∫—≥±‘µ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ °√√¡°“√¥—ßµàÕ
‰ªπ’È
(Ò) 𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“𠇪ìπ𓬰
 ¿“.
(Ú) Õÿªπ“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π Ú §π
‡ªìπ°√√¡°“√.
(Û) √“™∫—≥±‘µ∑ÿ°§π‡ªìπ°√√¡°“√.
‡≈¢“∏‘ ° “√√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π‡ªì π
‡≈¢“πÿ°“√ ¿“ °—∫√Õ߇≈¢“∏‘°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡ªìπºŸâ
™à«¬‡≈¢“∏‘°“√ ¿“.
 ¿“√“™∫—≥±‘µ ¡’Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’µË “¡∑’°Ë ”Àπ¥
‰«â„π¡“µ√“ Ú˘ ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
(Ò) «“ßπ‚¬∫“¬„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¥â“π«‘™“
°“√µ“¡Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.
(Ú) æ‘ ® “√≥“„Àâ § «“¡‡ÀÁ π ™Õ∫„π°“√
°”Àπ¥ª√–‡¿∑«‘™“¢Õß ”π—°µà“ßÊ ·≈–°“√·∫àß«‘™“
·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑ÕÕ°‡ªìπ “¢“«‘™“µà“ßÊ.
(Û) æ‘®“√≥“„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫„π°“√®—¥µ—ßÈ
°“√√«¡ À√◊Õ°“√·¬° ”π—°.
(Ù) æ‘®“√≥“„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫„π°“√ÕÕ°
¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫ ·≈–√–‡∫’¬∫‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¢Õß ¿“
√“™∫—≥±‘µ.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
(ı) ‡≈◊Õ°π“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π Õÿª-
𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π √«¡∑—Èß¡’¡µ‘„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫„π
°“√‡ πÕ·µàßµ—Èß√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–√“™∫—≥±‘µ°‘µµ‘¡»—°¥‘Ï.
(ˆ) æ‘®“√≥“„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫·≈–Õπÿ¡—µ‘
„π‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫°‘®°“√¢Õß ¿“√“™∫—≥±‘µµ“¡∑’Ë𓬰
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡ πÕ.
 ¿“√“™∫—≥±‘µµâÕß¡’°“√ª√–™ÿ¡°—πÕ¬à“ß
πâÕ¬ªï≈– Ù §√—Èß.
√–‡∫’¬∫°“√ª√–™ÿ¡¢Õß ¿“√“™∫—≥±‘µ‡ªìπ
‰ªµ“¡¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫ ¿“√“™∫—≥±‘µ ´÷ËߢâÕπ’È°Á‡ªìπ¢âÕ·µ°µà“ß
°—∫æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ√‘ “™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π©∫—∫°àÕπ ¡“µ√“ ÚÙ
∑’Ë „ Àâ π”¢â Õ ∫— ß §— ∫ °“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ ·≈–°“√ª√÷ ° …“¢Õß ¿“ºŸâ
·∑π√“…Æ√¡“„™â ∫— ß §— ∫ ‚¥¬Õπÿ ‚ ≈¡„π°“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ √“™-
∫—≥±‘µ∑ÿ° ”π—°√à«¡°—π.
Û. °“√®—¥·∫àß ”π—°·≈–°“√®—¥√–‡∫’¬∫ ”π—°
¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.
µ“¡æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ √ “™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π
æ.». ÚıÙÙ ¡“µ√“ ¯ „Àâ · ∫à ß ß“π∑“ß«‘ ™ “°“√¢Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“πÕÕ°‡ªìπ Û  ”π—° §◊Õ
(Ò)  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
(Ú)  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
(Û)  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ√‘ “™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚÙ¯ı ¡“µ√“ ˜ ·µà‰¥â∫—≠≠—µ‘‰«â„π
¡“µ√“ ¯ «√√§ Õß ∑’Ë®–„Àâ¡’°“√®—¥µ—Èß ”π—°¢÷Èπ„À¡à °“√
¬ÿ∫ °“√√«¡À√◊Õ°“√·¬° ”π—° ‚¥¬µ√“‡ªìπæ√–√“™-
°ƒ…Æ’ ° “ ‰¡à µâ Õ ßµ√“æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ · °â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡
‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π©∫—∫°àÕπ
´÷Ëß∑”‰¥âßà“¬°«à“°“√µ√“‡ªìπæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘.
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°°“√®— ¥ ·∫à ß  ”π— ° ¢Õß√“™-
∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¬— ß ‰¡à ‡ ªì 𠉪µ“¡¡“µ√∞“π
‡¥’¬«°—π∑ÿ° ”π—° ‚¥¬‰¥â°”Àπ¥„Àâ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å¡’
 ¡“™‘°·≈–¿“§’ ¡“™‘° Õ߇∑à“¢Õß ”π—°Õ◊ËπÊ, ®÷߇ÀÁπ
 ¡§«√∑’®Ë –®—¥·∫àß ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åÕÕ°‡ªìπ Ú  ”π—° §◊Õ
 ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ·≈– ”π—°‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇪ìπ°“√
∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡À≈—°°“√®”·π° “¢“«‘™“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–
˘ÒÙ
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¢Õß UNESCO (United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Qrganizalron) Õߧ尓√»÷°…“
«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡·Ààß Àª√–™“™“µ‘, ·≈–§«√
®–·ª≈»— æ ∑å ‡ ∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ‡ ªì π »— æ ∑å ¿ “…“‰∑¬ ´÷Ë ß µ“¡
Àπ—ß ◊Õ»—æ∑å∫—≠≠—µ‘ Õ—ß°ƒ…-‰∑¬-‰∑¬-Õ—ß°ƒ… ∑’Ë√“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π®—¥∑”¢÷Èπ‰¥â∫—≠≠—µ‘‰«â«à“ ª√–¬ÿ°µ«‘∑¬“ (¥Ÿ
Àπâ“ ˜Û).
§”«à“ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ (technology) À¡“¬
§«“¡∂÷ß °“√π”‡Õ“À≈—°«‘∑¬“°“√¡“ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â„π°“√
ª√–°Õ∫°‘®°“√µà“ßÊ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß°‘®°“√Õÿµ “À-
°√√¡.
©–π—È π ®÷ ß §«√·ª≈§«“¡‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ «à “
«‘∑¬“°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå ·≈–‡√’¬°™◊ËÕ ”π—°«à“  ”π—°«‘∑¬“°“√
ª√–¬ÿ°µå.
 à«π°“√∑’®Ë –®—¥ª√–‡¿∑·≈– “¢“«‘™“‰«â„π
 ”π—°„¥π—È𠧫√®–®—¥«‘™“∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
‚¥¬µ√߉«â„π ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ·≈–®—¥«‘™“∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–
‡ªì π ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ · ≈–«‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å ª √–¬ÿ ° µå ‰ «â „ π ”π— °
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ À√◊Õ ”π—°«‘∑¬“°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå.
Õπ÷ßË °“√·∫àß “¢“«‘™“„π·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑π—πÈ
‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕß°”À𥉫â„Àâ§√∫∂â«π∑ÿ° “¢“«‘™“, §«√®–
°”Àπ¥·µà ‡ æ’ ¬ ß “¢“«‘ ™ “∑’Ë ¡’ ° “√‡√’ ¬ π°“√ Õπ„π
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·≈– ∂“∫—πÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“ ·≈– “¢“«‘™“∑’Ë√“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡ÀÁπ ¡§«√∫”√ÿß à߇ √‘¡¢÷Èπ‰«â °Á®–‡ªìπ°“√
‡æ’¬ßæÕ∑’Ë®–„™â‡ªìπ‡°≥±å„π°“√√—∫ ¡—§√∫ÿ§§≈‡¢â“‡ªìπ
¿“§’ ¡“™‘° ´÷Ëß°ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥°«à“µâÕß¡’§ÿ≥«ÿ≤‘‡ªìπºŸâ∑’Ë
¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠„π “¢“«‘™“„¥«‘™“Àπ÷Ëß ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫
ª√‘≠≠“À√◊Õª√–°“»π’¬∫—µ√‰¡àµË”°«à“∑’Ë°”À𥉫â„π¢âÕ
∫—ߧ—∫¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.
Ù. °“√®— ¥ µ—È ß §≥–°√√¡°“√ à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ °‘ ® °“√
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.
πÕ°®“°°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß‚§√ß √â“ßÕߧå°√¥—ß
°≈à“«·≈â« æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π©∫—∫„À¡à¬—ß
‰¥â∫—≠≠—µ‘„Àâ¡’§≥–°√√¡°“√ à߇ √‘¡°‘®°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π¢÷πÈ ¥â«¬.
µ“¡¡“µ√“ Ûı §≥–°√√¡°“√ à߇ √‘¡
°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“¥â«¬√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
‚¥¬æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙÙ

°‘®°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
(Ò) Õÿªπ“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ´÷Ëß𓬰
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¡Õ∫À¡“¬‡ªìπª√–∏“π°√√¡°“√ ·≈–
Õÿ ªπ“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“πÕ’°§πÀπ÷Ë߇ªìπ√Õߪ√–∏“π
°√√¡°“√.
(Ú) ª√–∏“π ”π—°·≈–‡≈¢“πÿ°“√ ”π—°
∑ÿ° ”π—° ‡ªìπ°√√¡°“√.
(Û) √“™∫—≥±‘µ´÷Ëß¡‘‰¥â‡ªìπª√–∏“π ”π—°
À√◊Õ‡≈¢“πÿ°“√ ”π—° ´÷Ëß·µà≈– ”π—°·µàßµ—Èß ”π—°≈– Ò §π
‡ªìπ°√√¡°“√.
(Ù) ‡≈¢“∏‘ ° “√√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π‡ªì π
°√√¡°“√·≈–‡≈¢“πÿ°“√ ·≈–√Õ߇≈¢“∏‘°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π‡ªìπ°√√¡°“√·≈–ºŸâ™à«¬‡≈¢“πÿ°“√.
°“√·µàßµ—ßÈ ·≈–«“√–°“√¥”√ßµ”·ÀπàߢÕß
°√√¡°“√µ“¡ (Û) °“√¥”‡π‘πß“π·≈–°“√ª√–™ÿ¡¢Õß
§≥–°√√¡°“√‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡√–‡∫’¬∫¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.
§≥–°√√¡°“√ à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ °‘ ® °“√√“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë„À⧔ª√÷°…“·≈–‡ πÕ¢âÕ·π–π”
·°à √ “™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π ª√– “πß“π·≈– π— ∫  πÿ π °“√
¥”‡π‘π°‘®°“√¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‚¥¬‡ πÕµàÕ𓬰
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.
ı. °“√®—¥µ—Èߧ≥–°√√¡°“√∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.
¡“µ√“ ÛÙ ∫—≠≠—µ‘„Àâ§≥–°√√¡°“√∑“ß
«‘ ™ “°“√¢Õß√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“πª√–®” “¢“«‘ ™ “µà “ ßÊ
§≥–Àπ÷Ë ß À√◊ Õ À≈“¬§≥– ´÷Ë ß ·µà ß µ—È ß ‚¥¬π“¬°√“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡æ◊ËÕ¥”‡π‘π°‘®°“√µ“¡Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π∑’Ë∫—≠≠—µ‘‰«â„π¡“µ√“ ˜(ı) ·≈– (ˆ)
‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕ߇ πÕ„Àâ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’·µàßµ—È߇À¡◊Õπ°—∫∑’Ëæ√–
√“™∫—≠≠—µ∫‘ ≠ — ≠—µ‰‘ «â„π‡¥‘¡ ´÷ßË ∑”„Àâ –¥«°·≈–√«¥‡√Á«¢÷πÈ .
πÕ°®“°§≥–°√√¡°“√∑“ß«‘™“°“√µ“¡∑’Ë
°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ·≈â« π“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¡’Õ”π“®·µàß
µ—È ß §≥–°√√¡°“√Õ◊Ë π ‡æ◊Ë Õ ∑”°“√„¥Ê Õ— π Õ¬Ÿà „ πÕ”π“®
Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß ¿“√“™∫—≥±‘µ¥â«¬.
°√√¡°“√∑“ß«‘™“°“√·≈–°√√¡°“√Õ◊Ëπ‰¥â
√—∫§à“µÕ∫·∑πµ“¡∑’˧≥–√—∞¡πµ√’°”Àπ¥.
ª√–¬Ÿ√ °“≠®π¥ÿ≈
˘Òı
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
°“√®—¥µ—Èߧ≥–°√√¡°“√∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“𠧫√®–µ—Èß∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ ·≈–¡’§«“¡
 π„®·≈– “¡“√∂¡“ª√–™ÿ¡‰¥âÕ¬à“ß ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ. ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ◊ËÕ
„Àâß“π¢Õߧ≥–°√√¡°“√µà“ßÊ ¥”‡π‘π‰ªÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«
·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“欑ßË ¢÷πÈ .
ˆ. °“√·¬°‡®â“Àπâ“∑’ËΩÉ“¬√“™∫—≥±‘µ∑’Ë¡’°“√
‡≈◊Õ°ÕÕ°®“°‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë´÷Ë߇ªìπ¢â“√“™°“√ª√–®”.
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°µ“¡æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ √ “™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π©∫—∫°àÕπ 𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡ªìπºŸâ
ª°§√Õß∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“¢â“√“™°“√√«¡∑—Èß≈Ÿ°®â“ß„π —ß°—¥
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ·≈–‡ªìπºŸ√â ∫— º‘¥™Õ∫„π°“√ªØ‘∫µ— √‘ “™-
°“√ß“π¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π∑—ßÈ ¥â“π«‘™“°“√·≈–¥â“π°“√
ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π„πµ”·Àπà߇∑’¬∫‡∑à“Õ∏‘∫¥’, ∑”„ÀâµâÕß¡’¿“√–
Àπâ“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫√“™°“√ª√–®”¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¥â«¬
®÷߉¥â¡’°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“¥â«¬√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
°”Àπ¥√–∫∫∫√‘À“√ß“π¥â“π«‘™“°“√·≈–¥â“π∫√‘À“√¢÷πÈ „À¡à
‚¥¬„Àâ𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π, Õÿªπ“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π ·≈–‡≈¢“∏‘°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π´÷Ëß¡“®“°°“√
‡≈◊Õ°¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π·µà‡©æ“–„π¥â“π«‘™“°“√.
æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π©∫—∫„À¡à®÷߉¥â∫—≠≠—µ‘
„Àâ ¡’ ° “√·¬°‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ΩÉ “ ¬«‘ ™ “°“√·≈–‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ΩÉ “ ¬
∏ÿ√°“√ÕÕ°®“°°—π ‚¥¬∫—≠≠—µ‘‰«â„π¡“µ√“ Ûˆ „Àâ¡’
‡≈¢“∏‘°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π§πÀπ÷Ë߇ªìπºŸâ∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“
¢â“√“™°“√√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π°“√ªØ‘∫µ— √‘ “™°“√∑’‡Ë ªìπß“πª√–®”
¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π·∑π‡≈¢“∏‘°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
´÷Ëßµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬‡¥‘¡„Àâ¡’°“√‡≈◊Õ°®“°∫√√¥“√“™∫—≥±‘µ,
‚¥¬„À⺟⥔√ßµ”·Àπà߇≈¢“∏‘°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡¥‘¡
æâπ®“°µ”·Àπà߇≈¢“∏‘°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‚¥¬·µàßµ—Èß
„À⇪ìπÕÿªπ“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ’°§πÀπ÷Ëß√«¡
‡ªìπ Õߧπ ·≈–‰¥â∫—≠≠—µ‘„Àâ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π·≈–√Õ߇≈¢“∏‘ ° “√√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“πµâ Õ ß‡ªì π
¢â “ √“™°“√æ≈‡√◊ Õ π “¡— ≠ ‚¥¬·µà ß µ—È ß ‡≈¢“∏‘ ° “√
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π®“°¢â“√“™°“√æ≈‡√◊Õπ “¡—≠ ´÷Ëß¡’
§«“¡√Ÿâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠„π “¢“«‘™“„¥«‘™“Àπ÷Ëß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„πÀπâ“∑’Ë
¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ·≈–°“√∫√‘À“√√“™°“√·ºàπ¥‘π
‚¥¬¥”‡π‘π°“√µ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“¥â«¬√–‡∫’¬∫¢â“√“™°“√
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002
æ≈‡√◊ Õ π, ‚¥¬„Àâ ‡ ≈¢“∏‘ ° “√√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“πªØ‘ ∫— µ‘
√“™°“√ª√–®” ·≈–„Àâ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡ªìπºŸâ
∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“¢â“√“™°“√ √—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘√“™°“√
µ“¡∑’ Ë ¿“√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¡Õ∫À¡“¬.
Õπ÷ßË ‡æ◊ÕË „À⇪ìπ‰ªµ“¡∫∑∫—≠≠—µ¢‘ Õßæ√–
√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙÙ ®÷߉¥â¡’°“√
µ√“æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ√‘ –‡∫’¬∫¢â“√“™°“√æ≈‡√◊Õπ (©∫—∫∑’Ë Ù)
æ.». ÚıÙÙ ¢÷È π „™â ∫— ß §— ∫ æ√â Õ ¡°— ∫ æ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙÙ ·°â‰¢Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß
Õ.°.æ. ´÷ßË ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë Õ.°.æ. °√–∑√«ß ·≈–°”Àπ¥„Àâ Õ.°.æ.
°√–∑√«ßª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’„π∞“π–√—∞¡πµ√’‡®â“
 —ß°—¥À√◊Õ√Õß𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’∑’Ë𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’¡Õ∫À¡“¬
‡ªì π ª√–∏“π ‡≈¢“∏‘ ° “√√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π‡ªì π √Õß
ª√–∏“π°√√¡°“√·≈–ºŸâ·∑π °.æ. ´÷Ëßµ—Èß®“°¢â“√“™°“√
æ≈‡√◊Õπ„π ”π—°ß“π °.æ. Àπ÷Ëߧπ ·≈–Õπÿ°√√¡°“√´÷Ëß
ª√–∏“π Õ.°.æ. ·µàßµ—Èß.
Ò. ºŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘¥â“π∫√‘À“√ß“π∫ÿ§§≈ ¥â“π
°“√∫√‘À“√·≈–°“√®—¥°“√ ¥â“π°ÆÀ¡“¬ ´÷Ëß¡’º≈ß“π‡ªìπ
∑’˪√–®—°…å„𧫓¡ “¡“√∂¡“·≈â«·≈–‡ªìπºŸâ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√
 √√À“µ“¡À≈—°‡°≥±å·≈–«‘∏‘°“√∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„π°Æ °.æ.
®”π«π “¡§π, ∑—Èßπ’È®–µâÕ߇ªìπÀ√◊Õ‡§¬‡ªìπ¢â“√“™°“√´÷Ëß
¥”√ßµ”·ÀπàßÀ√◊Õ‡§¬¥”√ßµ”·Àπà߉¡àµË”°«à“√–¥—∫ ˘
À√◊Õµ”·Àπàß∑’‡Ë ∑’¬∫‡∑à“.
Ú. ¢â“√“™°“√æ≈‡√◊ÕπºŸâ¥”√ßµ”·Àπàß„À¡àµË”
°«à“√–¥—∫ ˘ „π√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ´÷Ë߉¥â√—∫‡≈◊Õ°®“°
¢â“√“™°“√ºŸâ¥”√ßµ”·Àπàߥ—ß°≈à“«µ“¡À≈—°‡°≥±å·≈–«‘∏’
°“√∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„π°Æ °.æ. ®”π«πÀⓧπ.
Õ.°.æ. ¡’‡≈¢“πÿ°“√Àπ÷Ëߧπ´÷Ëß Õ.°.æ. µ—Èß.
Õπÿ°√√¡°“√´÷Ëß·µàßµ—Èß®“°¢â“√“™°“√ºŸâ¥”√ß
µ”·Àπàß·≈–‰¥â√—∫‡≈◊Õ°µ“¡ (Ú) ∂â“ÕÕ°®“°√“™°“√
æ≈‡√◊Õπ‰¥â√∫— ·µàßµ—ßÈ „À⥔√ßµ”·ÀπàßÕ◊πË ∑’¡Ë „‘ ™àµ”·Àπàßµ“¡
(Ú) À√◊Õ‚Õπ‰ª√—∫√“™°“√πÕ°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π µâÕß
æâπ®“°µ”·ÀπàßÕπÿ°√√¡°“√.
[¥Ÿ æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ√‘ –‡∫’¬∫¢â“√“™°“√æ≈‡√◊Õπ
(©∫—∫∑’Ë Ù) æ.». ÚıÙÙ]
πÕ°®“°π’¬È ß— ‰¥â√∫— °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿ߇°’¬Ë «°—∫°“√µ—ßÈ
˘Òˆ
𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π·≈–Õÿªπ“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
„À¡à ‚¥¬¡“µ√“ ÚÛ ·Ààßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ√‘ “™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
æ.». ÚıÙÙ ∑’Ë∫—≠≠—µ‘„Àâ ¿“√“™∫—≥±‘µª√–™ÿ¡‡≈◊Õ°
𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ·≈–Õÿªπ“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
∑—ßÈ  Õß§π®“°√“™∫—≥±‘µ ·≈⫇ πÕ™◊ÕË ‰ª¬—ß𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’
‡æ◊ÕË π”§«“¡°√“∫∫—ߧ¡∑Ÿ≈ ‡æ◊ÕË ∑√ßæ√–°√ÿ≥“‚ª√¥‡°≈â“œ
ª√–°“»·µàßµ—ßÈ , ´÷ßË µ“¡æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ√‘ “™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
©∫—∫‡¥‘¡ ¡‘‰¥â∫—≠≠—µ‘‰«â„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’È.
Õπ÷ßË ‰¥â¡°’ “√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈߇°’¬Ë «°—∫«“√–°“√
¥”√ßµ”·Àπàß𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π°—∫ª√–∏“π ”π—°
·≈–‡≈¢“πÿ°“√ ”π—° ¡‘„À⥔√ßµ”·Àπà߇°‘π Õß«“√–
µ‘¥µàÕ°—π´÷Ëß·µà‡¥‘¡¡‘‰¥âÀâ“¡‰«â (¥Ÿ ¡“µ√“ Úˆ ·≈–¡“µ√“
ÛÚ).
¢âÕ Ú. °“√ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß ·≈–¢¬“¬Õ”π“®Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ¢ Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
Ò. °“√¢¬“¬Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
ʶҹ
æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.».
ÚıÙÙ ‰¥â¢¬“¬Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë´÷Ëß·µà‡¥‘¡‰¥â°”À𥉫â„π
¡“µ√“ Û ·Ààßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æÿ∑∏-
»—°√“™ ÚÙ¯ı √«¡ Û ¢âÕ ‡ªìπ ˜ ¢âÕ, ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥
Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’ˉ«â„π¡“µ√“ ˜ ¥—ßπ’È
(Ò) §âπ§«â“ «‘®—¬ ·≈–∫”√ÿß √√æ«‘™“ ·≈â«
π”º≈ß“π∑’‰Ë ¥â √â“ß √√§åÕÕ°‡º¬·æ√à„À⇪ìπ§ÿ≥ª√–‚¬™πå
·°àª√–‡∑»·≈–ª√–™“™π.
(Ú) µ‘¥µàÕ ·≈°‡ª≈’¬Ë 𧫓¡√Ÿ·â ≈–ª√– “π
ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√°—∫Õߧå°√ª√“™≠å·≈– ∂“∫—π∑“ß«‘™“
°“√Õ◊Ëπ Ê ∑—Èß„πª√–‡∑»·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑».
(Û) „À⧫“¡‡ÀÁ𠧔·π–π” ·≈–§”ª√÷°…“
∑“ß«‘™“°“√·°à𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’À√◊Õ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’.
(Ù) „Àâ∫√‘°“√∑“ß«‘™“°“√·°à à«π√“™°“√
√—∞«‘ “À°‘® Àπ૬ߓπÕ‘ √–µ“¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ Õߧå°√¡À“™π
Àπ૬ߓπÕ◊Ëπ¢Õß√—∞  ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“ Àπ૬ߓπ¢Õß
‡Õ°™π·≈–ª√–™“π (‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ„À¡à).
(ı) ¥”‡π‘πß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√®—¥∑”æ®π“-
πÿ ° √¡  “√“πÿ ° √¡ Õ— ° ¢√“πÿ ° √¡ Õπÿ ° √¡«‘ ∏ “π °“√
°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“¥â«¬√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
‚¥¬æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙÙ

∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å«‘™“°“√µà“ßÊ √«¡∑—Èß°“√®—¥∑”æ®π“πÿ°√¡
»—æ∑å«‘™“°“√¿“…“µà“ߪ√–‡∑»‡ªìπ¿“…“‰∑¬ ·≈–ß“π
«‘™“°“√Õ◊ËπÊ (‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ„À¡à).
(ˆ) °”Àπ¥À≈—°‡°≥±åµ“à ßÊ ‡°’¬Ë «°—∫°“√
„™â¿“…“‰∑¬ °“√Õπÿ√—°…å¿“…“‰∑¬¡‘„Àâ·ª√‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª„π
∑“ß∑’ˇ ◊ËÕ¡ ·≈–°“√ à߇ √‘¡¿“…“‰∑¬´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å
¢Õß™“µ‘„Àâª√“°Æ‡¥àπ™—¥¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ (‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ„À¡à).
(˜) ªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√Õ◊Ëπµ“¡∑’Ë°ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥
„À⇪ìπÕ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π (‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ„À¡à).
∑—Èßπ’È ‰¥â¡’°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß·≈–¢¬“¬Õ”π“®
Àπâ“∑’¢Ë Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π®“°∑’¡Ë Õ’ ¬Ÿ·à µà‡¥‘¡ Û ¢âÕ ÕÕ°
‡ªìπ ˜ ¢âÕ ‚¥¬‰¥â°”Àπ¥ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√∑’Ë√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π®—¥∑”Õ¬àŸ·≈â«„À⇪ìπÕ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë∫—ߧ—∫¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ
„Àâ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“欑ßË ¢÷πÈ .
Ú. °“√¥”‡π‘πß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√®—¥∑”æ®π“-
πÿ ° √¡  “√“πÿ ° √¡ Õ— ° ¢√“πÿ ° √¡ Õπÿ ° √¡«‘ ∏ “π °“√
∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å«‘™“°“√ “¢“µà“ßÊ √«¡∑—Èß»—æ∑å«‘™“°“√
¿“…“µà“ߪ√–‡∑»‡ªìπ¿“…“‰∑¬.
°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ æ√–√“™-
∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ √ “™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙÙ ‰¥â „ Àâ § «“¡
 ”§—≠‰«â‡ªìπ摇»… ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥„À⇪ìπÕ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ’°¢âÕÀπ÷Ëß ‡æ√“–ß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫
°“√®—¥∑”æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëßæ®π“πÿ°√¡
¿“…“‰∑¬ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“𠇪ìπß“π∑’Ë ”§—≠·≈–
 √â“ß™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß„Àâ√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡ªìπÕ—π¡“° ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ
ß“π™‘Èπ‡Õ°¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√√—∫√Õß®“°
∑“ß√“™°“√‚¥¬¡’ ª √–°“» ”π— ° 𓬰√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ „ Àâ ∑ “ß
√“™°“√·≈–∑“ß°“√»÷ ° …“‡≈à “ ‡√’ ¬ π„π‚√߇√’ ¬ π „Àâ „ ™â
 –°¥µ“¡√–‡∫’¬∫·≈–æ®π“πÿ°√¡©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ª√–¬Ÿ√ °“≠®π¥ÿ≈
˘Ò˜
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙı
·≈–ª√–™“™π‚¥¬∑—«Ë ‰ª°Á‰¥â∂Õ◊ µ“¡√–‡∫’¬∫Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—π.
ß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√®—¥∑”æ®π“πÿ°√¡·≈–°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å
∑“ß«‘™“°“√ “¢“µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë ”§—≠ √«¡∑—Èß»—æ∑å∫—≠≠—µ‘«‘™“
°“√¿“…“µà “ ߪ√–‡∑»‡ªì π ¿“…“‰∑¬π—È π π— ∫ «à “ ‡ªì π
ª√–‚¬™πåÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß·°àª√–‡∑»™“µ‘ ®÷ß ¡§«√ª√—∫ª√ÿßß“π
¥â “ ππ’È „ Àâ °â “ «Àπâ “ ‚¥¬∂◊ Õ «à “ ‡ªì π ß“πÀ≈— ° ¢Õß√“™-
∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π.
¢âÕ Û. °“√°”Àπ¥À≈—°‡°≥±å‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√„™â¿“…“
‰∑¬ °“√Õπÿ√—°…å·≈– à߇ √‘¡¿“…“‰∑¬ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å
¢Õß™“µ‘.
‡π◊ÕË ß®“°„π ¡—¬ªí®®ÿ∫π— ¡’°“√„™â¿“…“‰∑¬„π
°“√‡¢’¬π °“√Õà“π ·≈–查∑’ˉ¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß ∑”„À⇰‘¥¿“…“
«‘∫—µ‘Õ¬Ÿà‡ ¡ÕÊ ·¡â«à“√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π°Á‰¥â欓¬“¡
∑—°∑â«ß·≈–·°â‰¢Õ¬Ÿàµ≈Õ¥¡“ ·µà°Á¬—߉¡à‰¥âº≈‡∑à“„¥π—°,
‡æ√“–¡‘‰¥â‡ªìπß“πÀ≈—°‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫°“√®—¥∑”æ®π“πÿ°√¡
·≈–°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å«‘™“°“√µà“ßÊ ¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ. æ√–
√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π©∫—∫„À¡à®÷߉¥â∫—≠≠—µ‘„Àâ
‡ªìπÀπâ“∑’ËÀ≈—°∑’Ë ”§—≠Õ’°¢âÕÀπ÷Ëß ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“𥔇π‘πß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫‡√◊ËÕßπ’È‚¥¬„Àâ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπß“π∑’Ë
 ”§—≠Õ’°Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷ßË ‡æ√“–¿“…“‰∑¬‡ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å¢Õß™“µ‘
∑’˧«√Õπÿ√—°…剫⡑„À⇪≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ª„π∑“ß∑’ˇ ◊ËÕ¡ ·≈–
§«√®–®—¥„Àâ¡’§≥–°√√¡°“√·≈– à«πß“π‰«â‡ªìπª√–®”
‡æ◊ËÕ‡º¬·æ√àÀ≈—°°“√„™â¿“…“‰∑¬„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·≈–§Õ¬
∑— ° ∑â « ß¡‘ „ Àâ ¡’ ° “√„™â ¿ “…“‰∑¬‰¡à ∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß∑“ß ◊Ë Õ  “√
¡«≈™π∑ÿ°·¢πß, µ≈Õ¥®π®—¥æ‘¡æå‡Õ° “√·≈–§”·π–π”
¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“ππ”‡º¬·æ√à„Àâª√–™“™πªØ‘∫—µ‘‡™àπ
‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√®—¥∑”æ®π“πÿ°√¡·≈–°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å«‘™“
°“√¿“…“‰∑¬¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ.