«“√ 

“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
«“√ “√¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬
«“√ “√√“¬ Û ‡¥◊Õπ
∑’˪√÷°…“
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.™—¬Õπ—πµå  ¡ÿ∑«≥‘™ 𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.ª°√≥å Õ¥ÿ≈æ—π∏ÿå Õÿªπ“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.°“≠®π“ 𓧠°ÿ≈ Õÿªπ“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
»“ µ√“®“√¬å‰æ±Ÿ√¬å æß»–∫ÿµ√ ª√–∏“π ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
»“ µ√“®“√¬å摇»… ¥√. —π∑—¥ ‚√®π ÿπ∑√ ª√–∏“π ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
»“ µ√“®“√¬å»√’ ÿ√“ߧå æŸ≈∑√—æ¬å ª√–∏“π ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
π“ß®‘πµπ“ æ—π∏ÿøí° ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬åÕ—»π’¬å ™ŸÕ√ÿ≥ √“™∫—≥±‘µ
ºŸâ™à«¬∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
¥√.‚ ¿“ ™Ÿæ‘°ÿ≈™—¬ ™ªï≈¡—ππå √“™∫—≥±‘µ
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å¡“≈‘∑—µ æ√À¡∑—µµ‡«∑’ ¿“§’ ¡“™‘°
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ ”π—°
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.º≈‘π ¿Ÿà®√Ÿ≠ ¿“§’ ¡“™‘°
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥ ¿“§’ ¡“™‘°
§≥–∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ ”π—°
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.∑‘»π“ ·¢¡¡≥’  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
¥√.ª∞¡“¿√≥å ∫ÿ…ª∏”√ß  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.¿—∑√æ√  ‘√‘°“≠®π  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.«√«ÿ≤‘ À‘√—≠√—°…å  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ‘«≈’ »‘√‘‰≈  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√. π‘∑ Õ—°…√·°â«  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√. ¡™“¬ «ß»å«‘‡»…  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
»“ µ√“®“√¬å πæ. ¡æ≈ æß»å‰∑¬  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√. ‘√‘«—≤πå «ß…å»‘√‘  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√. ÿ∑—»πå ¬° â“π  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.™≈¥“ ‡√◊Õß√—°…å≈‘¢‘µ  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å¡“≈‘∑—µ æ√À¡∑—µµ‡«∑’  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.√◊Ëπƒ∑—¬  —®®æ—π∏ÿå  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
»“ µ√“®“√¬å æ≈‡√◊Õµ√’  ¡¿æ ¿‘√¡¬å  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√. ‘∑∏“ æ‘π‘®¿Ÿ«¥≈  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
π“ß “«»‘√‘æ√ Õ‘π∑√‡™’¬√»‘√‘ π“ß “« “«‘µ√’ · π «à“ß
π“ß “«°π°«≈’ ™Ÿ™—¬¬– π“ßπ—¬π“ «√“Õ—»«ªµ‘
π“ß “« ÿªí≠≠“ ™¡®‘𥓠𓬠”√«¬ π—°°“√‡√’¬π
π“ß®”‡√’¬ß ®—π∑√ª√–¿“ π“ß “« ¡∑√ß »°ÿπµπ“§
π“ß “«æ√∑‘æ¬å √Õ¥æ—π∏å π“¬Õ¿‘‡¥™ ∫ÿ≠ ß§å
ºŸ®â ¥— °“√
𓬫‘»“≈ ÕŸà‡®√‘≠
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Publication of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Quarterly Journal
ADVISORY BOARD
Chai-Anan Samudavanija President of the Royal Institute
Pakorn Adulbhan Vice-President of the Royal Institute
Karnchana Nacaskul Vice-President of the Royal Institute
Paitoon Pongsabutra FRI (Thailand)
Santhad Rojanasoonthon FRI (Thailand)
Srisurang Poolthupya FRI (Thailand)
Chintana Bhandhufalck Secretary-General
EDITOR
Asanee Chooarun FRI (Thailand)
ASSISTANT EDITORS
Sobha Chupikulchai Spielmann FRI (Thailand)
Malithat Promathatavedi AFRI (Thailand)
ACADEMY EDITORS
Palin Phoocharoon AFRI (Thailand)
Mongkol Dejnakarintra FRI (Thailand)
Nitaya Kanchanawan AFRI (Thailand)
EDITORIAL BOARD
Tisana Khemmani Academy of Moral and Political Sciences
Pattamaporn Busapathumrong Academy of Moral and Political Sciences
Pataraporn Sirikanchana Academy of Moral and Political Sciences
Vorawoot Hirunruk Academy of Moral and Political Sciences
Sivalee Sirilai Academy of Moral and Political Sciences
Sanit Aksornkoae Academy of Science
Somchai Wongwises Academy of Science
Sompol Pongthai Academy of Science
Siriwat Wongsiri Academy of Science
Suthat Yoksan Academy of Science
Cholada Ruengruglikit Academy of Arts
Malithat Promathatavedi Academy of Arts
Ruenruthai Sujjapun Academy of Arts
Sompop Piromya Academy of Arts
Sidtha Pinitpouvadol Academy of Arts
DEPARTMENTAL STAFF
Siriporn Intarachiensiri Sawitri Sanswang
Kanokwalee Chuchaiya Naiyana Vara-asvapati
Supanya Chomjinda Samruai Nakkanrien
Jamriang Chantharaprapa Somsong Sakuntanak
Pornthip Rotphan Apidej Boonsong
MANAGER
Visarn Oucharearn
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡°√“§¡-¡’π“§¡ Úıı
Õ“‡»’¬√«“∑
»√’ ÿ√“ߧå æŸ≈∑√—æ¬å
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√·∂≈ß
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑ ·≈–°“√
ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å (·ª≈)
 ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
Doctor Zhivago: §«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™’«‘µ
°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß
 —≠™—¬  ÿ«—ß∫ÿµ√
°“√»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ·≈–¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜
·Ààß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå
°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫„π —ߧ¡ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ :
∑√√»π–∑“ߪ√—™≠“·≈–∫∑«‘æ“°…凙‘ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å
 ‘«≈’ »‘√‘‰≈
·π«‚π⡺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
π”æ«—≈¬å °‘®√—°…å°ÿ≈
Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß : °“√®—¥°“√™—Èπ§√Ÿ
º≈‘π ¿Ÿ®à √Ÿ≠
❖ Volume 32 Number 1 January-March 2007
Ò IN PRAISE OF HIS MAJESTY THE KING
Srisurang Poolthupya
Ú EDITORûS NOTE
Û Buddhadasa, Theravada Buddhism
and Modernist Reform in Thailand
Mongkol Dejnakarintra (trans.)
THE ACADEMY OF MORAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
Ú˜ Doctor Zhivago: Conflict between
Life and PoliticConstitution
Sanchai Suwangbutra
ÙÛ A Comparative Contextual Study of the 18th
and 27th Amendments of The U.S. Constitution
Kovit Wongsurawat
ı¯ Civil Disobedience in Democratic Society:
Philosophical and Ethical Criticism
Sivalee Sirilai
˜ Trend of Old Population in Thailand
Numpawon Kitrakool
¯˜ Innogineering: The Management Master Class
Palin Phoocharoon
 ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE
«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß ˘˜ A High-frequency Switched-capacitor,
·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß DC Power Supply Circuit
¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å Mongkol Dejnakarintra

°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ ÿ¢¿“æ ‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ Ò¯ Producing Healthy Jasmine Brown Rice Using

ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π√à«¡°—∫°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» Combined Techniques of Fluidization and
¥≈ƒ¥’ „® ÿ∑∏‘Ï ·≈–§≥– Tempering
Donludee Jaisut, et al.

π‚¬∫“¬°“√Õπÿ√—°…åæ≈—ßß“π·≈–∫∑∫“∑æ≈—ßß“π ÒÚı Thailandûs Energy Conservation Program and

∑¥·∑π¢Õ߉∑¬ the Role of New & Renewable Energy in Energy
™«≈‘µ æ‘™“≈—¬ Conservation
Chavalit Pichalai

 ¡∫—µ‘¢Õ߉À¡‰∑¬‡™‘ßÕÿµ “À°√√¡ “«¥â«¬¡◊Õ ÒÛÙ Properties of Industrial Thai Silks Reeled

·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√ by Hand and by Machine
Õÿ…“ · ß«—≤π“‚√®πå ·≈–§≥– Usa Sangwatanaroj, et al.

ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µ¿—≥±å ÒÙ˘ Energy Efficiency in Plastic Product Industry

æ≈“ µ‘° Sirichan Thongprasert
»‘√®‘ π— ∑√å ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘∞

 ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ THE ACADEMY OF ARTS

 «π “∏“√≥– ÒıÙ Public Parks
‡¥™“ ∫ÿ≠§È” Decha Boonkham

°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬ ∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ Òˆ¯ Popular Etymology: Vocabulary Adaptations

·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ… Between Thai, Pali-Sanskrit, and English
𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥ Languages
Nitaya Kanchanawan

®‘µ√°√√¡¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈ Ωïæ√–À—µ∂å Ò¯ King Rama IXûs Portraiture: A Reminiscence

æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« √—™°“≈∑’Ë ˘ Panya Vijinthanasarn
ªí≠≠“ «‘®‘π∏π “√ Lertsiri Bovornkitti
‡≈‘»»‘√‘√å ∫«√°‘µµ‘
°“√π”‡√◊ËÕß Tortilla Flat ¢Õß John Steinbeck Ò¯˘ Adapting John Steinbeckûs Tortilla Flat
¡“®—¥· ¥ß‡ªìπ≈–§√‡æ≈߉∑¬ as a Thai Musical Play
¡“≈‘∑—µ æ√À¡∑—µµ‡«∑’ Malithat Promathatavedi

»‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π§≈“  ‘° Ò˘˜ The Art of Piano Playing

≥—™™“ ‚ §µ‘¬“πÿ√—°…å Natchar Socatiyanurak

ª°‘≥°– MISCELLANEOUS
§ÿ≥§à“∑“ß»‘≈ª– Ú˘ Artistic Value
«‘∑¬å æ‘≥§—π‡ß‘π Wit Pinkunngern

√“¬ß“πº≈°“√ª√–™ÿ¡«‘™“°“√ ‡√◊ÕË ß °“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå ÚÒÚ Water Resources for Development Power

®“°∑√—欓°√πÈ”„π°“√º≈‘µæ≈—ßß“π‰øøÑ“ Generation
ª°√≥å Õ¥ÿ≈æ—π∏ÿå Pakorn Adulbhan

√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–¿“§’ ¡“™‘° ÚÒˆ Fellows and Associate Fellows of the Royal

°—∫«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙ˘ Institute and the 2006 Journal
Õ—»π’¬å ™ŸÕ√ÿ≥ ·≈–§≥– Asanee Chooarun, et al.

§”™’È·®ß°“√‡µ√’¬¡µâπ©∫—∫∫∑§«“¡ ÚÚÒ Guides for Manuscript Preparation

 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

Õ“‡»’¬√«“∑

æ√–∑√߇ªìπ¥—Ëß·°â« °≈“ß„®
®÷߇À≈à“ª√–™“‰∑¬ ∑—«Ë ∂â«π
„π«“√–Õ¿‘ ¡—¬  «— - ¥‘ƒ°…å
·ª¥ ‘∫æ√√…“≈â«π ·´à´âÕß∂«“¬æ√–æ√
¢Õ«Õπ‰µ√√—µπåªÑÕß ª°Õߧå
 ‘Ëß»—°¥‘Ï ‘∑∏‘Ï≈â«π®ß ¡ÿàß„Àâ
∑ÿ° ‘Ëß ∏ ª√– ß§å ∫—߇°‘¥ º≈‡Õ¬
¿—¬∑ÿ°¢åÕ¬à“°√“¬„°≈â æ√–ºŸ∑â √ß∏√√¡
√âÕ¬§”‡∑Õ¥æ√–¥â«¬ „®¿—°¥‘Ï
®“°‡À≈à“ºŸâ®ß√—° §Ë”‡™â“
µà“ß√à«¡®‘µ ¡“π ¡—§√ ‡ ¡◊ÕπÀπ÷Ëß ‡¥’¬«·Œ
°àÕ°ÿ»≈πâÕ¡‡°≈â“ ·¥à‰∑â®—°√‘π∑√å
æ√–¿Ÿ¡π‘ ∑√å¡“°æ√âÕ¡ æ√–§ÿ≥
·®ß®—°§√∫∑ÿ°∫ÿ≠ ∫à‰¥â
¢Õæ≈—ßæ√–‡π◊ËÕßÀπÿπ ¡‘À¬ÿ¥ ¬—È߇լ
¢Õæ√–™π¡å¬Õ¥‰∑â §ŸàøÑ“¬◊π¬ß
∑√߇ªìπ¥—ßË ©—µ√·°â« ª°‰∑¬
‡»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬߄™â ™à«¬·°â
§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å¬“°À¡¥‰ª À“°‡™◊ËÕ æ√–π“
Ω“¬‡¢◊ËÕπΩπ‡∑’¬¡„Àâ ™ÿ¡à ™◊πÈ ª∂æ’
¢Õ§«“¡¥’ ∏  √â“ß ®ÿßà ¥≈
„Àâ ∏ Õ¬Ÿà§Ÿà °≈ ·°√àß°≈â“
æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘∑—Ë«·ÀàßÀπ √Ÿâ®—° æ√–π“
™“«‚≈°√—°∂â«πÀπâ“ °≈à“«°âÕß ç∑√ßæ√–‡®√‘≠é

¢â“æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ »“ µ√“®“√¬å‡°’¬√µ‘§ÿ≥»√’ ÿ√“ߧå æŸ≈∑√—æ¬å

√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–ª√–∏“π ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

Õ“‡»’¬√«“∑
1
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007 ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ ·∂≈ß

æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ Úıı π—∫‡ªìπªï¡À“¡ß§≈¬‘Ëß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡ªìπªï∑’Ëæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√߇®√‘≠
æ√–™π¡æ√√…“ ¯ æ√√…“ «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ®÷߉¥â®—¥æ‘¡æå∫∑§«“¡‡æ◊ËÕ‡∑‘¥æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘
∂«“¬‡ªìπæ√–√“™ ¥ÿ¥’ ‡√‘Ë¡¥â«¬‡√◊ËÕß ç®‘µ√°√√¡¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈ Ωïæ√–À—µ∂åæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«
√—™°“≈∑’Ë ˘é „π©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π¡◊Õ¢Õß∑à“πºŸâÕà“π¢≥–π’È πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’∫∑§«“¡‡π◊ËÕß„π‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‰¥â®—¥‚§√ß°“√√≥√ߧå çªï Úıı ‡ªìπªï¿“…“‰∑¬ ‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘‡π◊ËÕß„π¡À“¡ß§≈
‡©≈‘¡æ√–™π¡æ√√…“ ¯ æ√√…“ ı ∏—𫓧¡ Úııé Õ’°¥â«¬ §◊Õ‡√◊ËÕß ç°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬
∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ ·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ…é πÕ°®“°∑—Èß Ú ‡√◊ËÕߥ—ß°≈à“«·≈â« ¬—ß¡’∫∑§«“¡¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–¿“§’ ¡“™‘°
®“°∑—Èß Û  ”π—°¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π √«¡∑—Èß∫∑§«“¡¢ÕߺŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘ ´÷Ëß≈â«π‡ªìπ∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“
πà“ π„®∑—ßÈ  ‘πÈ
°“√®—¥∑”«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π„π æ.». Úıı π’È ¥”‡π‘π°“√‚¥¬§≥–ºŸâ®—¥∑”«“√ “√™ÿ¥„À¡à
¥—ß√“¬™◊ËÕ∑’Ëæ‘¡æ剫â¥â“πÀπâ“ ∑—Èßπ’È §≥–ºŸâ®—¥∑”‰¥âª√–™ÿ¡À“√◊Õ°—π·≈⫇ÀÁπ§«√„Àâª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π„À¡à ‚¥¬¡ÿà߇πâπ„À⇪ìπ‡«∑’ ”À√—∫‡º¬·æ√àº≈ß“π§âπ§«â“«‘®—¬¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–
¿“§’ ¡“™‘° „π∞“π– ¡“™‘°¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ´÷Ëß¡’æ—π∏°‘®„π°“√ ç§âπ§«â“ «‘®—¬ ·≈–∫”√ÿß √√æ«‘™“
·≈â«π”º≈ß“π∑’ˉ¥â √â“ß √√§åÕÕ°‡º¬·æ√à„À⇪ìπ§ÿ≥ª√–‚¬™πå·°àª√–‡∑»·≈–ª√–™“™πé µ“¡∑’Ë√–∫ÿ‰«â
„πæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.».‹ ÚıÙÙ „Àâ ¡°—∫∑’ˇªìπ çª√“™≠å¢Õß·ºàπ¥‘πé º≈ß“π‡À≈à“π’È
‰¥âºà“π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¥â«¬°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå·≈–«‘®“√≥å¡“·≈â«„π∑’˪√–™ÿ¡¢Õß·µà≈– ”π—° Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ∫∑§«“¡
¢ÕߺŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘®“°¿“¬πÕ°∑’ˇ πÕ¡“„π¢Õ∫¢à“¬ “¢“«‘™“¢Õß·µà≈– ”π—° ∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë«‘‡§√“–Àå/ —߇§√“–Àå
‡√◊ËÕß√“«∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬ À√◊Õ∫∑§«“¡‡π◊ËÕß„π‚Õ°“ æ‘‡»… °Á®–¬—ߧߡ’Õ¬Ÿàµ“¡·µà∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ ”π—°
·≈–∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√®–‡ÀÁπ ¡§«√ ‚¥¬ºŸâæ‘®“√≥“°≈—Ëπ°√Õß·≈–µ√«®·°â‰¢°àÕπ‡ πÕæ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à
Õ“®‡ªìπ√“™∫—≥±‘µ ¿“§’ ¡“™‘°¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π À√◊ÕºŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘®“°¿“¬πÕ°°Á‰¥â  à«π¢à“«·≈–
°‘®°√√¡µà“ß Ê ¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“ππ—Èπ ∑à“π “¡“√∂µ‘¥µ“¡‰¥â®“°®¥À¡“¬¢à“«·≈–√“¬ß“πª√–®”ªï
¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
¥â“π°“√æ‘¡æå ‰¥â·¬°∫∑§«“¡‡√’¬ßµ“¡≈”¥—∫ ”π—° ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟âÕà“π¡ÿà߇πâπ„π “¢“«‘™“∑’˵π π„®‰¥â –¥«°
Õ’°∑—È߇ÀÁπ¿“æ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¢Õß·µà≈– ”π—°™—¥‡®π¢÷Èπ ‡æ√“–√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡ªìπÀπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë„™â‡ß‘π
ß∫ª√–¡“≥„π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√ ·≈–º≈ß“π°“√§âπ§«â“«‘®—¬¢Õß ”π—°‡ªìπµ—«™’È«—¥Àπ÷Ëß„π°“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√
ªØ‘∫—µ‘√“™°“√¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß„¥ Ê ¬àÕ¡¡’∑—ÈߺŸâ∑’ˇÀÁπ¥â«¬·≈–ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·¬âß ·µà§≥–ºŸâ®—¥∑”°Á¡‘‰¥â∑âÕ„® ¬—ߧß
®—¥∑”Õ¬à“߇µÁ¡°”≈—ߧ«“¡ “¡“√∂‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ∑à“πºŸâÕà“π‰¥â√—∫ “√–·≈–ª√–‚¬™π宓°«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
¥â«¬¡“µ√∞“π∑’ˉ¡à¬àÕÀ¬àÕπ‰ª°«à“‡¥‘¡ æ∫°—π„À¡à„π©∫—∫Àπⓧ√—∫.

√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬åÕ—»π’¬å ™ŸÕ√ÿ≥ √“™∫—≥±‘µ

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√·∂≈ß
2
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“ ¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å*

√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑ ·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

π—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
§”π”
„π‚Õ°“ ∑’ËÕߧ尓√°“√»÷°…“ «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡·Ààß Àª√–™“™“µ‘ (¬Ÿ‡π ‚°) ‰¥âª√–°“»
¬°¬àÕß„Àâ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  ·Ààß «π‚¡°¢æ≈“√“¡ Õ”‡¿Õ‰™¬“ ®—ßÀ«—¥ ÿ√“…Æ√å∏“π’ ‡ªìπ∫ÿ§§≈ ”§—≠¢Õß‚≈°
‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ú µÿ≈“§¡ æ.». ÚıÙ¯ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ√”≈÷°∂÷ß∑à“π„π«“√–§√∫ Ò ªï™“µ°“≈¢Õß∑à“π„π æ.». ÚıÙ˘
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡ÀÁπ§«√‡ πÕª√–«—µ‘·≈–º≈ß“π¢Õß∑à“𠵓¡∑’˪√“°Ø„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ Buddhadasa, Theravada
Buddhism and Modernist Reform in Thailand ´÷Ëß Peter A. Jackson ·Ààß Australian National University
‡ªìπºŸâ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß ·≈– ”π—°æ‘¡æå Silkworm Books ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à ‰¥â®—¥æ‘¡æå®”Àπà“¬‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚıÙˆ
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ºŸâ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß·≈– ”π—°æ‘¡æ废⮗¥æ‘¡æåÀπ—ß ◊Õ µ“¡∑’ˇÕà¬π“¡¢â“ßµâππ’È
´÷Ë ß ‰¥â Õ πÿ ≠ “µ„Àâ √ “™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“ππ”Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ µâ π ©∫— ∫ ¿“…“Õ— ß °ƒ…¡“·ª≈·≈–æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ º¬·æ√à „ π«“√ “√
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“𠇪ìπµÕπÊ ‚¥¬‰¡à§‘¥§à“≈‘¢ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡√‘Ë¡µ—Èß·µà©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ªï∑’Ë ÛÒ (¡°√“§¡-¡’π“§¡ ÚıÙ˘)

∫∑∑’Ë Ù ´÷ßË æ√–æÿ∑∏‚¶…“®“√¬å·µàߢ÷πÈ ¥â«¬ π’ȉ¥â√—∫Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈Õ¬à“ß¡“°®“°§—¡¿’√å

∑—»π–¢Õßæÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ‡°’ˬ«
°—∫°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à·≈–ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª-
∫“∑
§”«‘æ“°…å«®‘ “√≥åæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°
°“√µ’§«“¡À≈—°§” Õπ„πæÿ∑∏-
»“ π“µ“¡·π«„À¡à¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏-
∑“ π—Èπ πÕ°®“°®–Õ‘ßÕ“»—¬∑ƒ…Æ’
¿“…“§π-¿“…“∏√√¡·≈â « ¬— ß Õ‘ ß
Õ“»— ¬ °“√‡≈◊ Õ °·ª≈∂â Õ ¬§”„πæ√–
‰µ√ªîÆ°·≈–Õ√√∂°∂“Õ’°¥â«¬ ∑à“π
æÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ‰¡à „ ™â ¢â Õ §«“¡„π à « π∑’Ë ¡’
¢π“¥„À≠à À ≈“¬ à « π¢Õßæ√–Õ¿‘
∏√√¡ªîÆ° ·≈–§—¡¿’√å«‘ ÿ∑∏‘¡√√§
‡Àµÿº≈∑’«Ë “à  à«πµà“ß Ê ‡À≈à“π’‰È ¡à®”‡ªìπ
·°à°“√µ’§«“¡¢Õß∑à“π À√◊Õ‰¡à‡™àππ—πÈ
°Á¢“¥§«“¡·¡à𬔠∑à“π„™â«‘∏’∑’ˇ¥Á¥
¢“¥√ÿ π ·√߇™à π π’È · °à æ √–§— ¡ ¿’ √å · ≈–
Õ√√∂°∂“¢Õßπ‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑ ‡æ√“–
∑à“π欓¬“¡°”®—¥∫√√¥“§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ
‡°’ˬ«°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’ËÕ¬ŸàπÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ∏√√¡™“µ‘
ÕÕ°‰ª®“°æÿ∑∏»“ π“¢Õߧπ‰∑¬
·≈–„Àâæÿ∑∏»“ π“¡’®ÿ¥‡πâπ¬È”„À¡à
Õ¬Ÿà∑’˧«“¡‡√àߥà«π¢Õß™’«‘µ§π‡√“∑’Ëπ’Ë
·≈–‡¥’ά«π’È ∑à“π¡ÿàßµ‘µ‘߇√◊ËÕß°√√¡
·≈–°“√‡°‘¥„À¡àµ“¡§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ·∫∫
¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ „πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“¢Õ߉∑¬‚¥¬
‡©æ“– ‡æ√“–∑à“π‡ÀÁπ«à“‡√◊ËÕß∑—Èß Õß
«‘ ÿ∑ ∏‘¡√√§·≈–°“√µ’§«“¡æ√–Õ¿‘
∏√√¡ªîÆ°µ“¡·∫∫ª√–‡æ≥’π‘¬¡
æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ° ´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«π
∑’Ë Û ‡¡◊ËÕπ—∫®“° à«π∑’Ë Ò §◊Õæ√–
«‘𗬪îÆ° ·≈– à«π∑’Ë Ú §◊Õæ√– ÿµ-
µ—πµªîÆ°¢Õßæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°π—È𠇪ìπ
ªîÆ°∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ª°√≥å∑’Ë´—∫´âÕπ
√«¡ ˜ ª°√≥å¥â«¬°—π ºŸâ√®π“æ√–
Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°µ—Èß„®∑’Ë®–𔇠πÕæ√–
æÿ∑∏«®π–∑’∫Ë π— ∑÷°‰«â„πæ√– ÿµµ—πµ-
ªîÆ°µ“¡√Ÿª·∫∫„À¡à §◊Õ‡ªìπæ—≤π“
°“√∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’∑’Ë¡’‡Àµÿº≈ Õ¥§≈âÕß
µâ Õ ß°— 𠇪ì π Õ¬à “ ߥ’ ‡ °’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ À≈— °
Õπ‘®®µ“·≈–Õπ—µµ“ §—¡¿’√åÕ¿‘∏√√¡

* ºŸâ·ª≈®“°µâπ©∫—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…¢Õß ªï‡µÕ√å ‡Õ. ·®Á° —π

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
3
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

®–‰¡àæ√√≥π“ ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê „π·ßà∑’ˇªìπ ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ∫√√¥“√®π“®“√¬åºŸâ‡√’¬∫ ‡ ’¬¥â«¬´È” ∑à“π·ª≈§”Õÿª √√§§◊Õ

µ—«µπÀ√◊ÕÕ—µµ“Õ—π‡ªìπªí®‡®°¿“«–
„π∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡ æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°
®–°≈à“«∂÷ß ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê „πª√– ∫°“√≥å
¢Õߧπ‡√“„π·ßà ¢ Õß∏“µÿ ∑—È ß À≈“¬
∑’Ë¡“ª√–°Õ∫‡¢â“¥â«¬°—π ·≈–§«“¡
 — ¡ æ— π ∏å ∑’Ë · ª√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ πÕ¬Ÿà ‡ ªì π π‘ ® „π
√–À«à“ß∏“µÿ‡À≈à“π—Èπ ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ◊ËÕ„Àâ Õ¥
√— ∫ °— ∫ À≈— ° §” Õπ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ Õπ— µ µ“
°“√«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå µ “¡·∫∫Õ¿‘ ∏ √√¡π’È
æ—≤π“¢÷Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπÕÿª°√≥å™à«¬Ωñ°®‘µ
¢ÕߺŸâ∑’˪√– ß§å®–‡Õ“™π–§«“¡À≈ß
·≈–‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“ªí≠≠“∑’Ë®–¡Õ߇ÀÁπ
 ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê µ“¡§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß ‚¥¬°“√
«‘‡§√“–Àå√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥ª≈’°¬àÕ¬¢Õß
ª√– ∫°“√≥å„π·ßà¢Õߧ«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å
∑’Ë · ª√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ πÕ¬Ÿà ‡  ¡Õ√–À«à “ ß∏“µÿ
‡√’¬ßæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°‡™◊ËÕ«à“ «‘∏’°“√
π’È ® –™à « ¬„Àâ ºŸâ Ωñ ° ®‘ µ  “¡“√∂°”®— ¥
§«“¡À≈߬÷ ¥ µ‘ ¥ „π·°à π  “√∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ¡’
®√‘ߢÕß«—µ∂ÿ·Ààߪ√– ∫°“√≥剥â
∑—Èß Ê ∑’Ëæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°‡ªìπ
 à«πÀπ÷ßË ¢Õßæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ∑à“πæÿ∑∏-
∑“ °Á ¬— ß °≈â “ «‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å Õ ¬à “ ß
√ÿ π ·√߇°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√∑’Ë ºŸâ   Õπ∏√√¡–
„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡πâπªîÆ° à«ππ’È¡“°
‡°‘π‰ª ∑à“πÕâ“ß«à“ ®√‘ß Ê ·≈â«æÿ∑∏-
»“ π“¢Õ߉∑¬πà “ ®–‡®√‘ ≠ √ÿà ß ‡√◊ Õ ß
°«à “ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π Õ¬Ÿà À “°‰¡à ¡’ √ “¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥
∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’ ∑’Ë ´— ∫ ´â Õ πÕ¬Ÿà „ 𧔠Õπ
∑à “ π‡ÀÁ π «à “ æ√–Õ¿‘ ∏ √√¡ªî Æ °π—È π ¡’
¢âÕ§«“¡∑’Ë´—∫´âÕπ‚¥¬‰¡à®”‡ªìπ ·≈–
¡’‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–∑”„À⺟âªØ‘∫—µ‘‡¢â“„®º‘¥
çÕ¿‘é «à“À¡“¬∂÷ß ç¬‘Ëßé À√◊Õ ç‡°‘πé
·≈–‡√’ ¬ °æ√–Õ¿‘ ∏ √√¡ªî Æ °«à “ ‡ªì π
ç à«π‡°‘πéÒ ¢Õßæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ‚¥¬
°≈à“««à“ çπ’ˇªìπ à«π¢Õßæ√–∏√√¡∑’Ë
‰¡à‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√¥—∫∑ÿ°¢å‚¥¬µ√ß
À√◊Õ„π∑—π∑’é Ú §«“¡À¡“¬„𧔰≈à“«
¢Õß∑à“π°Á§◊Õ«à“ æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°
‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß√–∫∫¿Ÿ¡ª‘ ≠í ≠“∑’™Ë «à ¬‡ √‘¡
°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ ¡“∏‘Õ—π‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√À≈—°
‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ”À√—∫°“√‡ÀÁπ·®âß
∑“ß®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‡ÀÁπ
«à“æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°‰¡à®”‡ªìπ ”À√—∫
®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å„π°“√∫√√≈ÿπ‘ææ“π ¥—ß
®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°¢âÕ‡¢’¬π¢Õß∑à“π∑’Ë«à“

„π∫“ߧ√—Èßæ√–æÿ∑∏Õߧ剥âµ√—  [„πæ√– ÿµµ—πµªîÆ°] ∂÷ߧ”«à“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡

·≈–Õ¿‘«‘π—¬ §”‡À≈à“π’ÈÀ¡“¬∂÷ß à«π¢Õßæ√–∏√√¡∑’ˇªìπ à«π‡°‘π À√◊Õ à«π∑’Ë
Õ∏‘∫“¬¢¬“¬§«“¡Õ¬à“ß≈÷°´÷Èß¡“°‡°‘π‰ª ´÷Ëߧπ∑’Ë¡ÿàß®–∫√√≈ÿπ‘ææ“π‰¡à®”‡ªìπ
µâÕß√ŸâÀ√◊Õ®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’ Û

Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ¡’ªí≠À“‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ¢ÕßÀ≈—°§” Õπ„πæÿ∑∏»“ π“ ·≈–  ÿµµ—πµªîÆ°Õ¬Ÿà Ú À√◊Õ Û »µ«√√…

‡¡◊Ë Õ ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ·ª≈§«“¡À¡“¬ ‡¡◊Ë Õ ª√“°Ø¢÷È π „πæ√– ÿ µ µ— 𠵪î Æ ° ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬  ÿ™’æ ªÿ≠≠“πÿ¿“æ
¢Õߧ”«à “ Õ¿‘∏√√¡ ¥— ß °≈à “ «·≈â « §”§”π’È °Á ® –¡’ § «“¡À¡“¬æ‘ ‡ »…∑’Ë ºŸâ ‡ √’ ¬ ∫‡√’ ¬ ßÀπ— ß  ◊ Õ æ√–‰µ√ªî Æ °
∑—Èßπ’È °Á‡æ√“–«à“§”§”π’ȉ¡à§àÕ¬®– ‰¡à‰¥âÀ¡“¬∂÷ßæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°‚¥¬  ”À√—∫ª√–™“™πÙ µ—ÈߢâÕ —߇°µ«à“
ª√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà„πæ√– ÿµµ—πµªîÆ° ´÷Ëß ‡©æ“– ‡Àµÿº≈°Á§◊Õ«à“ æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ §”«à“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡ „π°‘𵑠Ÿµ√ı ¢Õß
‡ªì π  à « π¢Õßæ√–‰µ√ªî Æ °∑’Ë ∑à “ π ªîÆ°´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«π ÿ¥∑⓬¢Õßæ√–‰µ√ æ√– ÿ µ µ— 𠵪î Æ ° À¡“¬§«“¡∂÷ ß
æÿ∑∏∑“ ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ·À≈àß∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥â ªîÆ°‡∂√«“∑π—Èπ √®π“¢÷ÈπÀ≈—ßæ√– ç∏√√¡–∑’Ë Ÿß‡¥àπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëßéˆ ‡¡◊ËÕ°≈à“«
Ò
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ. çÕÿª √√§·Ààß°“√‡º¬·æ√à∏√√¡é „π Õ–‰√∂Ÿ°Õ–‰√º‘¥, ªÿÉπ ®ßª√–‡ √‘∞ (∫°.),  ¡ÿ∑√ª√“°“√ : Õߧ尓√øóôπøŸæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“,
æ.». ÚıÚı, Àπâ“ ¯Ú.
Ú
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß.
Û
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß, Àπâ“ ¯Ú-¯Û.
Ù
 ÿ™’æ ªÿ≠≠“πÿ¿“æ. æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ”À√—∫ª√–™“™π. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æå¡À“¡°ÿØ√“™«‘∑¬“≈—¬, æ.». ÚıÚı
ı
°‘𵑠Ÿµ√ ¡—™¨‘¡π‘°“¬. æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ‡≈à¡∑’Ë ÒÙ §“∂“∑’Ë ÙÚ-ı Àπâ“ ÛÒ-Ûˆ.
ˆ
 ÿ™’æ ªÿ≠≠“πÿ¿“æ. æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ”À√—∫ª√–™“™π. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æå¡À“¡°ÿØ√“™«‘∑¬“≈—¬, æ.». ÚıÚı Àπâ“ ÙˆÒ.

æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
4
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

Õ¬à“߇®“–®ß §”§”π’ÈÀ¡“¬∂÷ß ‚æ∏‘-
ªí°¢‘¬∏√√¡ Û˜ ´÷Ëß∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπªí®®—¬
 ”À√—∫°“√∫√√≈ÿπ‘ææ“π˜ „π¡À“
ª√‘π‘ææ“π Ÿµ√¯ ¡’¢âÕ§«“¡∑’Ë°≈à“«
«à“∏√√¡ Û˜ ª√–°“√π’ȇªìπªØ‘∫—µ‘
∏√√¡∑’ˇ≈¬æâπ®“°æ◊Èπ∞“π®√‘¬∏√√¡
„πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“ „π°“√·ª≈§«“¡
À¡“¬¢Õߧ” Ú §” §◊Õ Õ¿‘∏√√¡°—∫
Õ¿‘≠≠“«‘‡  ‘µ∏√√¡ ´÷ßË µà“ß°ÁÀ¡“¬
∂÷ß∏√√¡– ç∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“é À√◊Õ ç Ÿß‡¥àπé
π—Èπ ¡’¢âÕ¬ÿà߬“°„π·ßà∑’Ë«à“ «‘‡  ‘µ–
À√◊Õ ç Ÿß‡¥àπé Õ“®À¡“¬∂÷ß ç¥’‡¬’¬Ë ¡é
À√◊Õ ç‡≈‘»°«à“é √«¡∑—ÈßÕ“®À¡“¬
§«“¡‡æ’¬ß ç¡’®ÿ¥‡¥àπ®”π«π¡“°é
À√◊Õ ç¡’ à«πµà“ß Ê À≈“¬ à«πé ∑à“π
æÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ‰¥â  — ß ‡°µ§«“¡°”°«¡„π
§”»—æ∑å‡À≈à“π’È ·≈–°≈à“«¬◊π¬—π«à“
Õ¿‘ „π Õ¿‘∏√√¡ π—ÈπÕ“®À¡“¬∂÷ß
笑Ëßé À√◊Õ ç‡°‘πé ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫∫√‘∫∑
∑à“π¬—߬ա√—∫¥â«¬«à“ æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡
ªîÆ° Õ“®¡’ª√–‚¬™πå çÕ¬à“߬‘ßË é À√◊Õ
¡‘ © –π—È π °Á Õ “® 燪ì π  à « π‡°‘ π é ∑’Ë
°’¥¢«“ß°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑“ß®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥
¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ºŸâ„™â·≈–«‘∏’°“√„™âæ√–ªîÆ°
 à«ππ’È ∑à“π°≈à“««à“

æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°Õ“®¡’ª√–‚¬™πåÀ√◊Õ‰¡à¡’ª√–‚¬™πå ·≈–Õ“®°àÕ§«“¡ —∫ π
À√◊Õ‰¡à°àÕ§«“¡ —∫ π°Á‰¥â ‡æ√“–ªîÆ° à«ππ’È¡’∑—Èß ‘Ëß∑’Ë®√‘ß·∑â·≈– ‘Ëß∑’ˇ°‘𧫓¡
®”‡ªìπ ˘

∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ¬Õ¡√—∫«à“ °“√ ¢Õߧπ√–¥—∫ª√°µ‘∏√√¡¥“ ∑à“π„Àâ „π°“√µ’§«“¡¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‡°’¬Ë «

»÷°…“æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°‡À¡“–·°à§π
∑’ˇ¢â“„®∏√√¡–Õ¬à“ß√Ÿâ·®âß·∑ßµ≈Õ¥
·≈â« ·≈–µâÕß°“√»÷°…“À≈—°æ√–æÿ∑∏-
»“ π“‡æ◊ËÕ‡ √‘¡ √â“ß¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“ ·µà
æ√âÕ¡°—ππ—Èπ∑à“π°ÁÕâ“ß«à“ æ√–Õ¿‘
∏√√¡ªîÆ°‡ªìπ∑—ÈߪîÆ° à«π‡°‘π·≈–
‡ªìπÕÿª √√§°’¥¢«“ß°“√æ—≤π“®‘µ
𑬓¡¢ÕßÕ¿‘∏√√¡ À√◊Õ ç∏√√¡Õ—π
¬‘Ëßé ∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß«à“‰¥â·°à  ÿ≠≠µ“ À√◊Õ
§«“¡«à“ß ´÷ßË ∑à“π∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ çÕ¿‘∏√√¡
∑’ˉ¡à¡’„§√„Àâ™◊ËÕ«à“Õ¿‘∏√√¡éÒ ·π«
§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫ ÿ≠≠µ“ ´÷Ëß‚¥¬‡©æ“–
°Á §◊ Õ ·π«§‘ ¥ ∑’Ë µ’ § «“¡√«¡°— π ‰«â °— ∫
®‘µ«à“ßπ—Èπ ¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠Õ¬à“ß¡“°
°—∫°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡À≈—°æÿ∑∏»“ π“
·≈–®–‰¥âÕ¿‘ª√“¬°—πÕ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥
„π∫∑µà“ß Ê ∑’Ë®–¡’µ“¡¡“
∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ‰¥â π‘ ¬ “¡§”«à “
Õ¿‘∏√√¡µàÕ‰ª ‚¥¬‡√‘Ë¡¥â«¬°“√·¬°
„Àâ ‡ ÀÁ π ¢â Õ ·µ°µà “ ß√–À«à “ ߪ√— ™ ≠“
°—∫«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å¥ß— π’È

‚¥¬‡π◊ÈÕ·∑â·≈â«æÿ∑∏»“ π“‰¡à„™àª√—™≠“ ‰¡à„™à«‘∑¬“»“ µ√凰’ˬ«°—∫«—µ∂ÿ
·µà‡ªìπ«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å∑“ß®‘µÀ√◊Õ«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å∑“ßπ“¡∏√√¡ (®‘µ„®)ÒÒ

„π∑’Ë π’È ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ „™â §”«à “ §«“¡√Ÿâ ∑’Ë °”Àπ¥·πà · ≈–· ¥ßº≈ ®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥ À√◊Õ§π∑’˵’§«“¡æ√–
çª√—™≠“é „π§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√§‘¥ ∑—π∑’ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ „™â∑ƒ…Æ’¿“…“ ‰µ√ªîÆ°„π√–¥—∫¿“…“§ππ—È𠧔«à“
§–‡π‚¥¬„™â¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“ ·≈–„™â§”«à“ §π-¿“…“∏√√¡ „π°“√Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬«à “ Õ¿‘∏√√¡ ®–¡’§«“¡À¡“¬‡æ’¬ß√–∫∫
ç«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åé „π§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß  ”À√—∫§π∑’ˬ—߉¡à∫√√≈ÿ∂÷ß —®®–∑“ß §«“¡§‘¥·∫∫§“¥§–‡πÕ¬à“ß∑’ªË √“°Ø

˜
‚æ∏‘ªí°¢‘¬∏√√¡ Û˜ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬  µ‘ªíØ∞“π Ù  —¡¡—ªª∏“π Ù Õ‘∑∏‘∫“∑ Ù Õ‘π∑√’¬å ı æ≈– ı ‚æ™¨ß§å ˜ ·≈–¡√√§ ¯
¯
¡À“ª√‘π‘ææ“π Ÿµ√ ∑’¶π‘°“¬ æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ‡≈à¡∑’Ë Ò §“∂“∑’Ë Ò˜ Àπâ“ ˘˘.
˘
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ. Õ¿‘∏√√¡§◊ÕÕ–‰√. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°Àπ—ß ◊Õ∏√√¡∫Ÿ™“, æ.». ÚıÒ˜ Àπâ“ ˘.
Ò
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß, Àπâ“ ÒÒ.
ÒÒ
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ. ‡µ°‘®®°√√¡. ‰™¬“ : ∏√√¡∑“π¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÒ˘ Àπâ“ Ú˘Ù.

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
5
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

„πæ√–Õ¿‘ ∏ √√¡ªî Æ °‡∑à “ π—È π ·µà À¡“¬∂÷ß¿“«–∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà®√‘ߢÕߧ«“¡√Ÿâ °‘‡≈ ÒÚ ∑à“π¬—߉¥â¬°¢âÕ§«“¡®“°

 ”À√—∫§π∑’Ë ç√Ÿâé  —®®–·≈–µ’§«“¡
æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°„π√–¥—∫¿“…“∏√√¡·≈â«
§”«à“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡ ®–À¡“¬∂÷ß ç§«“¡√Ÿâ
‡™‘ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åé ∑’ˇªì𧫓¡®√‘ß
¢—Èπ Ÿß ÿ¥ À√◊Õª√¡—µ∂ —®®– ´÷Ëß∑à“π
æÿ∑∏∑“ À¡“¬∂÷ßÕπ—µµ“ À√◊Õ ÿ≠≠-
µ“ ·≈–„™â§”„π¿“…“‰∑¬∏√√¡¥“
«à“ 秫“¡«à“ßé π—Ëπ§◊Õ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ° §π‡√“°Á “¡“√∂∫√√≈ÿ
‡ÀÁπ«à“Õ¿‘∏√√¡‰¡à‰¥âÀ¡“¬∂÷ߪ°√≥å
À√◊ÕÀ≈—°§” ÕπÕ–‰√∫“ßÕ¬à“ß ·µà
‡°’ˬ«°—∫Õπ—µµ“ À√◊Õ ç§«“¡«à“ß®“°
µ—«µπé ´÷Ëß®–∫√√≈ÿ∂÷߉¥â¥â«¬ªí≠≠“
∑’ˇ°‘¥®“° ¡“∏‘
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ∑⓬∑’Ë ÿ¥∑à“π
æÿ∑∏∑“ °Á √ÿª«à“ æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°
‡ªìπªîÆ° à«π‡°‘π ∑—Èßπ’È°Á‡æ√“–∑à“π
‡ÀÁπ«à“ ∂÷ß·¡â®–‰¡à√Ÿâ¢âÕ§«“¡„πæ√–
‰¥â∂÷ߧ«“¡‡ªìπÕ√‘¬∫ÿ§§≈ Õ—π‡ªìπ
∫ÿ§≈‘°¿“«–¢ÕߺŸâµ√— √ŸâÀ√◊Õæâπ®“°
‚¬∏“™’««√√§ „𠵑°π‘∫“µ ՗ߧÿµ√-
π‘ ° “¬ÒÛ ¢Õßæ√– ÿ µ µ— 𠵪î Æ °¡“
 π— ∫  πÿ π ¢â Õ §‘ ¥ ‡ÀÁ π π’È ¥â « ¬ «à “ °— π
µ“¡®√‘ß·≈â« ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‰¥â‡ πÕ
·π–«à“ À“°™“«æÿ∑∏‰¡à π„®æ√–
Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°‡ ’¬‡≈¬ æÿ∑∏»“ π“
π‘ ° “¬‡∂√«“∑πà “ ®–¥’ ° «à “ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π Õ¬Ÿà
∑à“π°≈à“««à“

∂Ⓡ√“‚¬πæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°∑‘È߇ ’¬„ÀâÀ¡¥... ‡√“°Á®–‰¡à Ÿ≠‡ ’¬Õ–‰√ ‡æ√“–

‡√“¬—ß¡’æ√– Ÿµ√ [æ√– ÿµµ—πµªîÆ°] ‡À≈◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà ´÷Ëß°Á‡ªìπæ√–§—¡¿’√å∑’Ë™’È·π«ªØ‘∫—µ‘
‡æ◊ËÕ∫√√≈ÿπ‘ææ“π‰¥âÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ... ·µàÕ–‰√°—ππ’Ë! µÕππ’ȇ√“ [„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬]
°≈—∫®–∑”„π∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡ §◊Õ欓¬“¡®–‚¬πæ√– ÿµµ—πµªîÆ°∑‘È߉ª ‡À≈◊Õ‰«â
·µà‡æ’¬ßæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ° Õ¬à“ßπ’Èæÿ∑∏»“ π“°Á‡ ’¬À“¬À¡¥! ... ∂Ⓡ√“µ—¥
æ√– ÿµµ—πµªîÆ°∑‘È߉ª ‡À≈◊Õ‰«â·µàæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ° ¡πÿ…¬™“µ‘°Á§ß®–≈à¡®¡
‡æ√“–‡√“®–‰¡à “¡“√∂ªØ‘∫—µ‘‰¥â∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡¡√√§·ª¥ (Õ√‘¬¡√√§) ´÷Ëß𔉪 Ÿà
π‘ææ“π ·µà∂Ⓡ√“µ—¥æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°ÕÕ°‰ª‡ ’¬„ÀâÀ¡¥... ‡√“°Á®–¬—ß “¡“√∂
‡¥‘πµ“¡∑“ß Ÿàπ‘ææ“π‰¥â‚¥¬‰¡à¬“° ‡æ√“–∑“߇¥‘π¢Õ߇√“®–‰¡à∂Ÿ°∑”„Àâ«°«π
·≈–®‘µ„®¢Õ߇√“®–‰¡à∂Ÿ°∑”„Àâ —∫ π ¥â«¬æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ° ÒÙ

§”«‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å ∑—È ß À≈“¬
‡À≈à“π’È¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  ∑’Ë¡ÿà߇ªÑ“
‰ª¬— ß ç§«“¡‡ªì π  à « π‡°‘ π é ¢Õß
æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°π—Èπ ‰¡à„™àª√–‡¥Áπ
∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ·µà‡°’ˬ«
¢â Õ ß°— ∫ °“√∑’Ë ∑à “ π‡Õßµâ Õ ß°“√„Àâ
¶√“«“  “¡“√∂ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ∏ √√¡„π
æÿ∑∏»“ π“‰¥â‡∑à“‡∑’¬¡°—∫æ√– ß¶å
µ“¡ª√–«—µ‘·≈â« °“√∑’Ë®–‡¢â“„®º≈
°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÕ—π´—∫´âÕπ„πæ√–Õ¿‘
∏√√¡ªîÆ°‰¥âπ—Èπ µâÕßÕ“»—¬«‘∏’°“√
ªØ‘∫—µ‘ ¡“∏‘·∫∫Àπ÷ËߢÕß¿‘°…ÿ ·µà
°“√„™âæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°‡ªìπÕÿª°√≥å
π”°“√∑” ¡“∏‘‰¡à„™àÀπ∑“߇¥’¬«¢Õß
√–∫∫°“√Ωñ °  ¡“∏‘ „ πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“
¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√∑’Ë∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ «‘æ“°…å
«‘ ® “√≥å æ √–Õ¿‘ ∏ √√¡ªî Æ °®÷ ß À¡“¬
∂÷ß«à“ ¶√“«“ ‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇ ’¬‡«≈“
À≈“¬ªï‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°
°àÕπ∑’Ë®–‡√‘Ë¡Ωñ° ¡“∏‘

ÒÚ
æ√–Õ√‘¬∫ÿ§§≈ Ù ®”æ«°„πæÿ∑∏»“ π“°Á§◊Õ æ√–‚ ¥“∫—π æ√– °∑“§“¡’ æ√–Õ𓧓¡’ ·≈–æ√–Õ√À—πµå
ÒÛ
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ Õâ“ß∂÷߇≈à¡∑’Ë Ú §“∂“∑’Ë ı¯ Àπâ“ Û˜ ¢Õßæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°¿“…“∫“≈’∑’Ë‚√ßæ‘¡æå¡À“¡°ÿØ√“™«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ®—¥æ‘¡æå ¢âÕ§«“¡∑’ËÕâ“ß∂÷ßπ’È
µ√ß°—∫Õ—   Ÿµ√∑’ËÀπ÷Ëß „πæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°¿“…“‰∑¬ ‡≈à¡∑’Ë Ú §“∂“∑’Ë ı¯ Àπâ“ Ú˜˘.
ÒÙ
Õâ“ß∂÷ß‚¥¬ ∫ÿ≠¡’ ‡¡∏“ß°Ÿ√ „πÀπ—ß ◊Õ ‚µâ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‡√◊ËÕß®‘µ«à“ß ‡≈à¡ Ò. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õߧ尓√æ‘∑—°…åæÿ∑∏»“ π“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚÚ
Àπâ“ ÛÛ-ÛÙ.

æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
6
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

§”«‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å ¢ Õß∑à “ π ºà“π ‘ßË ∑’∑Ë “à π‡ÀÁπ«à“‡ªì𧔵’§«“¡º‘¥ §” ÕπÕ¿‘∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬π—Èπ

æÿ∑∏∑“ ¬—߇°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫≈—°…≥–‡™‘ß
Õπÿ√—°…å·°àπ·∑â „π√–∫∫°“√µ’§«“¡
À≈—°§” Õπµ“¡«‘∏’„À¡à¢Õß∑à“π¥â«¬
·¡â«à“∑—»π–À≈“¬ Ê Õ¬à“ߢÕß∑à“π
®–‡ªìπ ‘Ëß·ª≈°„À¡à°Áµ“¡ ∑à“π°Á¬—ß
µ— ¥  ‘ 𠧫“¡∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß„π°“√µ’ § «“¡
À≈—°§” Õπµ“¡«‘∏’„À¡à¢Õß∑à“π‚¥¬
Õâ“ß«à“ «‘∏’„À¡àπ’È Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫æ√–
æÿ∑∏«®π–‡¥‘¡µ“¡∑’ˉ¥â∫—π∑÷°‰«â„π
æ√– ÿµµ—πµªîÆ° ¥—ßπ—πÈ æ√– ÿµµ—πµ-
ªîÆ°®÷߇ªìπ à«π∑’Ë∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ∂◊Õ
«à“ ”§—≠∑’Ë ÿ¥„π∫√√¥“ à«π∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬
¢Õßæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ´÷ßË ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“ß
¬‘Ëß°Á§◊Õ à«πµà“ß Ê ∑’Ëæ√–æÿ∑∏«®π–
¬—߇ªìπ∑’Ë‚µâ·¬âß°—πÕ¬Ÿà ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  ∑—Èß«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å¢Õß°“√»÷°…“π’ÈÕ’°
‰¥â¬÷¥·π«Õπÿ√—°…å·°àπ·∑âπ’È ‡æ◊ËÕµ’ΩÉ“
æ≈“¥„πÕ√√∂°∂“™—ÈπÀ≈—ß ®π∑–≈ÿ
∂÷ ß ·°à π ·∑â ¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ ¢Õßæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“
¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È ‡¡◊ËÕ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ °≈à“«
«à “ çæ√–Õ¿‘ ∏ √√¡ªî Æ °‰¡à ‰ ¥â Õ ¬Ÿà „ π
√Ÿª¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏«®π–é Òı ∑à“π°Á‰¥â
· ¥ß§«“¡‡ÀÁπ¢Õß∑à“πÕÕ°¡“¥â«¬
«à“ æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°¢“¥ ‘∑∏‘Õ”π“®
∑“ß»“ π“Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’„πæ√– ÿµµ—πµ-
ªîÆ° ·≈–‰¡à§«√¡’ ∂“π¿“æ‡∑’¬∫
‡∑à“æ√–æÿ∑∏«®π–¢Õß·∑â∑’Ë∫—π∑÷°‰«â
„πæ√– ÿµµ—πµªîÆ°
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ¬—߉¥âµ‘µ‘ß«‘∏’°“√
»÷°…“æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°¢Õß™“«æÿ∑∏
‰∑¬µ“¡∑’˪ؑ∫—µ‘ ◊∫µàÕ°—π¡“ √«¡
¥â«¬ ∑à“π°≈à“««à“ æ√–¿‘°…ÿ∑’Ë»÷°…“
∑’Ë ® √‘ ß ·≈â « æÕ„®Õ¬Ÿà · µà ‡ æ’ ¬ ß∫√√¥“
Õ√√∂°∂“∑’Ë ¡’  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ Õ”π“®πâ Õ ¬°«à “
æ√–Õ¿‘ ∏ √√¡ªî Æ °‡Õ߇ ’ ¬ ¥â « ¬´È”
·≈–‰¡à ¬ Õ¡»÷ ° …“ª°√≥å ¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ ∑’Ë
‡¢â“„®‰¥â¬“°°«à“ ∑à“πµ—ßÈ ¢âÕ —߇°µ«à“
„π√“«æÿ∑∏»µ«√√…∑’Ë ÒÚ (§√‘ µå
»µ«√√…∑’Ë ˆ-˜) Õ√√∂°∂“®“√¬å
™“«»√’≈—ß°“‰¥â¬àÕ§«“¡æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡
ªî Æ °≈߇ªì π ª°√≥å ∑’Ë ° –∑— ¥ √— ¥ °«à “
‡¥‘¡ §◊Õ Õ¿‘∏√√¡—µ∂ —ߧÀ–Òˆ ·≈–
µ≈Õ¥À≈“¬»µ«√√…∑’˺à“π¡“°Á‰¥â¡’
ºŸâ·µàßÕ√√∂°∂“„À¡à Ê ¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬Õ‘ß
Õ“»—¬ª°√≥å©∫—∫∑’ˬàπ¬àÕÕ¬à“ß¡“°
π’È¢Õßæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°‡¥‘¡ π“ß√‘ 
‡¥«‘¥ å µ—ÈߢâÕ —߇°µ«à“

§—¡¿’√åÕ¿‘∏√√¡—µ∂ —ߧÀ–π—Èπ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ‡æ√“–‰¥â√«∫√«¡ ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê ®“°

ª°√≥å∑’Ë™◊ËÕ«à“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡‰«â‰¥â¡“°°«à“§—¡¿’√åÕ◊Ëπ Ê À√◊Õ‡æ√“–‰¥â¬àπ¬àÕÕ¿‘∏√√¡
·∫∫√«∫√—¥µ—¥ —ÈπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß À√◊Õ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ§Ÿà¡◊Õ∑’Ë¥’‡¬’ˬ¡°Áµ“¡ ‰¥â°√–µÿâπ„Àâ¡’
ºŸâ·µàߪ°√≥几√‘¡¢÷Èπ¡“°°«à“ª°√≥å„¥ Ê ∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷ß°àÕππ’È [„π√“¬°“√Õ√√∂°∂“
¿“…“∫“≈’] Ò˜

∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ™’È«à“ Õ√√∂°∂“ „π§—¡¿’√套߰≈à“«π’ȇÕß‹ ∑à“πÕâ“ß«à“  Õπ°—π„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’ȧ«√

µà“ß Ê ∑’ËՑߧ—¡¿’√åÕ¿‘∏√√¡—µ∂ —ߧÀ– ·π«‚πâ ¡ °“√µ’ § «“¡Õ¿‘ ∏ √√¡∑’Ë ‰ ª ‰¥â™◊ËÕ«à“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡√—ßÀπŸÒ¯ ‡æ√“–¡’ ‘Ëß
π—Èπ ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß¢÷Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ‡πâπ¬È” ‘ËßπÕ° ∑“ß ‘ËßπÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ∏√√¡™“µ‘‡™àππ’È ‰¥â ≈–Õ—πæ—π≈–πâÕ¬‡µÁ¡‰ªÀ¡¥ π—Ëπ§◊Õ
‡Àπ◊ Õ ∏√√¡™“µ‘ · ≈–Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ª “Ø‘ À “√‘ ¬å æ—≤π“‰ªÕ¬à“ß¡“°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‡ÀÁπ«à“ æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡
·∑π∑’Ë®–‡πâπ¬È”°“√«‘‡§√“–À套È߇¥‘¡ ∂÷ ß ¢—È π ∑’Ë Õ ¿‘ ∏ √√¡Õ¬à “ ß∑’Ë ‡ √’ ¬ π·≈– ªîÆ°‰¥â —¡æ—π∏凰’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫»“ π“

Òı
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ. Õ¿‘∏√√¡§◊ÕÕ–‰√. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°Àπ—ß ◊Õ∏√√¡∫Ÿ™“, æ.». ÚıÒ˜ Àπâ“ Ù.
Òˆ
„π§”π”¢ÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ Õ¿‘∏√√¡—µ∂ —ߧÀ– ©∫—∫∑’ˉ¥â·°â‰¢ª√—∫ª√ÿ߇ ’¬„À¡àπ—Èπ π“ß√‘  ‡¥«‘¥ å ‰¥â°–ª√–¡“≥¬ÿ§ ¡—¬¢ÕߢâÕ§«“¡‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß‡¥‘¡
‚¥¬∑à“πÕπ‘√ÿ∑∏–«à“ Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë ¯-ÒÚ.
Ò˜
Rhys Davids, Mrs. Compendium of Philosophy›Translation of the Abhidhammattha-Sanghaha. London: Pali Text Society, 1972, 8.
Ò¯
√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‡À≈à“π’ȉ¥â¡“®“°¢âÕ§«“¡∑’ËÕâ“ß∂÷ßÀπ—ß ◊Õ Õ¿‘∏√√¡§◊ÕÕ–‰√ ¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  „π ∫ÿ≠¡’ ‡¡∏“ß°Ÿ√. ‚µâ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‡√◊ËÕß®‘µ«à“ß
‡≈à¡ Ò. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õߧ尓√æ‘∑—°…åæÿ∑∏»“ π“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚÚ Àπâ“ ÒÒ.

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
7
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

·∫∫∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ„πæ≈—ßÕ”π“®‡Àπ◊Õ∏√√¡- °—∫Õ”π“®‡Àπ◊Õ∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈–æ∫ ¡“ «¥Àπâ“»æ ‡æ√“–‡™◊ËÕ°—π·∫∫

™“µ‘Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’ºŸâ‡™◊ËÕ°—π‚¥¬¡“°‰ª‡ ’¬ ‡ÀÁπ‰¥â∫àÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬π—Èπ ª√—¡ª√“«à“ ®– “¡“√∂µ‘¥µàÕ ◊ËÕ “√
·≈â« ´÷Ëß°Á¢—¥°—∫§«“¡ª√– ß§å¢Õß Õ¬Ÿà ∑’Ë æ‘ ∏’ ° √√¡„πß“π»æ °≈à “ «§◊ Õ ‰ª∂÷ ß ºŸâ µ “¬‰¥â ‡§π‡π∑ ‡«≈≈ å
ºŸâ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß‡¥‘¡¢Õߧ—¡¿’√åπ’È  ‘ËßÀπ÷Ëß ∏√√¡‡π’ ¬ ¡°“√„Àâ æ √–¿‘ ° …ÿ π”¢â Õ · ¥ß§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“
∑’·Ë  ¥ß«à“æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°‡°’¬Ë «¢âÕß §«“¡ à«πÀπ÷Ëß„πæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°

‡®â“¿“æ®—¥„Àâ¡’°“√ «¥Õ¿‘∏√√¡„πß“π»æ‡æ√“–‡™◊ËÕ«à“ ¢âÕ§«“¡∑’Ë «¥π—Èπ
‡ªìπ·°à𧔠Õπ¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ ·≈–‡æ√“–æ√–æÿ∑∏Õߧå‡Õß°Á‰¥â∑√ß„™â¢âÕ§«“¡
π’‡È ¡◊ÕË ∑√߇∑»π“‚ª√¥æ√–æÿ∑∏¡“√¥“∑’‡Ë  ¥Á® «√√§µ·≈â«®ÿµ„‘ π «√√§å™π—È ¥“«¥÷ß å Ò˘

°“√∑’Ëæ√–¿‘°…ÿπ”¢âÕ§«“¡∫“ß °Á „ 𧔵’ § «“¡·∫∫Õ‘ ß æ≈— ß ‡Àπ◊ Õ æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡®–‰¡à¡’æ√–æÿ∑∏«®π–

 à«π„πæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°¡“ «¥„πæ‘∏’
»æ¢Õߧπ‰∑¬π—Èπ ‰¡à‰¥â‡ªìπ‡æ√“–
¢âÕ§«“¡ à«π¥—ß°≈à“«¡’§” Õπ∑’ˇ¢â“
°—∫ ∂“π°“√≥å‚¥¬‡©æ“–·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥
·∑â ∑’Ë ® √‘ ß ·≈â « ¢â Õ §«“¡ à « π„À≠à „ π
æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°—∫∫√‘∫∑
‡™àπ«à“π’ȇ≈¬ ·µà°“√∑’Ë™“«æÿ∑∏‰∑¬
∂◊Õ«à“∫∑ «¥Õ¿‘∏√√¡¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠
°Á‡æ’¬ß‡æ√“–‡™◊ËÕ°—π«à“ «‘≠≠“≥¢Õß
ºŸâµ“¬®–‰¥â√—∫º≈“π‘ ß å®“°§” Õπ
„π∫∑ «¥π—Ëπ‡Õß „π∫√‘∫∑π’È ∑à“π
æÿ∑∏∑“ ‰¡à‰¥âµàÕµâ“π§—¥§â“πµ—«æ√–
Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°‡Õß·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ ·µà„π
Õ’°ª√–‡¥ÁπÀπ÷Ëß ∑à“π‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬°—∫
°“√µ’§«“¡æÿ∑∏»“ π“‰ª„π·ßà∑’Ëæâπ
«‘ —¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ ´÷Ëß¡—°®–‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫
°—π„π§—¡¿’√åÕ¿‘∏√√¡ À√◊Õ‰¡à‡™àππ—Èπ
∏√√¡™“µ‘‚¥¬‡©æ“–¢Õßæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡
ªîÆ°‡Õß
æ«°™“«æÿ ∑ ∏‰∑¬∑’Ë µ’ § «“¡
À≈— ° §” Õπ·≈–¬÷ ¥ «‘ ∏’ ª Ø‘ ∫— µ‘ „ π
æÿ∑∏»“ π“ ‚¥¬Õ‘ßÕ“»—¬æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡
ªîÆ°‡ªì𠔧—≠π—Èπ Õ¬Ÿà„π°≈ÿà¡¢Õß
∫√√¥“ºŸ∑â µ’Ë Õà µâ“π∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ Õ¬à“ß
√ÿπ·√ß∑’Ë ÿ¥ ∑—Èßπ’È°Á‡æ√“–∑à“πæÿ∑∏-
∑“ ‰¥â‚®¡µ’∞“π√“°¢Õßæÿ∑∏»“ π“
µ“¡·∫∫∑’Ë æ «°‡¢“‡™◊Ë Õ ·≈–ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘
µ“¡ ‡™àπ‡¡◊ËÕ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ °≈à“««à“
æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ° ç‰¡à‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà„π√Ÿª
¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏«®π–é «‘ π— ¬ »‘ « °ÿ ≈
°Á ‚ µâ «à “ 结 µ√å ¢ Õß°“√æâ π ∑ÿ ° ¢å
„π™’«‘µÕ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’„πæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°
π—Èπ‡ªìπº≈¡“®“°°“√µ√— √Ÿâ¢Õßæ√–
æÿ∑∏‡®â“é Ú π—Ëπ§◊Õ «‘π—¬Õâ“ß«à“ ·¡â
‚¥¬µ√ß §—¡¿’√åπ’È°Á¬—ß Õ¥√—∫°—∫≠“≥
ªí ≠ ≠“Õ¬à “ ß∑’Ë ·  ¥ß‰«â „ πæ√– ÿ µ -
µ—πµªîÆ°Õ¬Ÿàπ—Ëπ‡Õß
°“√π”≈— ∑ ∏‘ ∫Ÿ ™ “º’   “߇∑«¥“
‡¢â “ ¡“‡°’Ë ¬ «‚¬ß°— ∫ æÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“π—È π
∂Ÿ ° ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ «‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å
Õ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß ∑à“π°≈à“««à“ ç‡√“‰¡à
§«√ª≈à Õ ¬„Àâ æ √–æÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“Õ— π
∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å°≈“¬‡ªìπ≈—∑∏‘‡™◊ËÕº’
 “߇∑«¥“Õ¬à“ß∑’Ëæ«°‰√âÕ“√¬∏√√¡
π—∫∂◊Õ°—πé ÚÒ ∑à“π¬—߉¥â„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈
Õ∏‘∫“¬ª√“°Ø°“√≥å‡Àπ◊Õ∏√√¡™“µ‘
·≈–™’ȥ⫬«à“ §«“¡‡™◊ËÕ‡√◊ËÕߺ’ “ß
‡∑«¥“πà“®–¡“®“°ª√“°Ø°“√≥å∑“ß
®‘ µ «‘ ∑ ¬“À√◊ Õ °“√ –°¥®‘ µ ¢Õߧπ
®”π«π¡“° ¥— ß §”°≈à “ «¢Õß∑à “ π
‡Õß«à“

Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßÕ”π“®®‘µ‚¥¬√«¡®“°°≈ÿࡧπ∑’ˉ√âªí≠≠“  “¡“√∂ √â“ßæ≈—ß∑’Ë
‡æ’¬ßæÕ·°à°“√‡¢â“‡°“–°ÿ¡®‘µ„®§π‚ßà√“¬∫ÿ§§≈‰¥â... ·≈–∑”„Àâ∫ÿ§§≈ºŸâπ—Èπ‡°‘¥

Ò˘
Wells, Kenneth E. Thai Buddhism, Its Rites and Activities. Bangkok: Suriyaban Publishers, 1975, 225.
Ú
«‘π—¬ »‘«°ÿ≈. ®‘µ§◊ÕÕ–‰√. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õ¿‘∏√√¡¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚı, Àπâ“ Û.
ÚÒ
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ. º’¡’®√‘ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à.  ¡ÿ∑√ª√“°“√ : Õߧ尓√øóôπøŸæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“, æ.». ÚıÚÚ, Àπâ“ Ò.

æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
8
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°‡™◊ËÕ«à“ ‘Ëß∑’˪√“°Ø„𮑵„®¢Õßµπ‡ªìπ¢Õß®√‘ß ´÷Ëß°Á∑”„À⇙◊ËÕµàÕ‰ª«à“
º’·≈– ‘Ëß»—°¥‘Ï ‘∑∏‘Ï¡’®√‘ß...  ‘Ëß∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ Õ«‘™™“ (§«“¡‰¡à√Ÿâ) π—Ëπ‡Õß∑’Ë √â“ß·≈–
 – ¡§«“¡‡™◊ËÕº‘¥ Ê Õ¬à“ßπ—Èπ ÚÚ
°“√∑’Ë ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ «‘ æ “°…å Õπ—πµå ‡ π“¢—π∏å ÕÕ°¡“ª°ªÑÕß æàÕ·¡à Õπ—πµå‡™◊ËÕ«à“ ‚Õªª“µ‘°–‡ªìπ
«‘®“√≥åæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ° ‚¥¬‡πâπ¬È” æ√–Õ¿‘ ∏ √√¡ªî Æ °„πµÕπ∑’Ë ∑à “ π ·∫∫«‘∏’°“√ 燰‘¥é ¢Õ߇∑«¥“·≈–
‡ªÑ“¢Õß°“√‚®¡µ’‰ª∑’˧«“¡‡™◊ËÕ‡√◊ËÕß æÿ ∑ ∏∑“ «‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å §— ¡ ¿’ √å π’È  —µ«åπ√° À√◊Õ‡ªìπ·∫∫«‘∏’°“√®ÿµ‘„π
æ≈—߇Àπ◊Õ∏√√¡™“µ‘π—Èπ ‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥ ‡¢“‰¥âÕâ“ß∂÷ß‚¬π‘À√◊Õ°”‡π‘¥¢Õß —µ«å  «√√§å ·≈–π√° „π∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡
®“°¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß∑’Ë«à“ ∫√√¥“π—°Õ¿‘ Ù ™π‘¥µ“¡∑’°Ë ≈à“«‰«â„πæ√– ÿµµ—πµ- ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ µ’§«“¡·π«§‘¥‡°’¬Ë «°—∫
∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬∑’ÕË Õ°¡“ª°ªÑÕß ªî Æ ° §◊ Õ ™≈“æÿ ™ –À√◊ Õ  — µ «å ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ç°“√‡°‘¥é (À√◊Õ™“µ‘ „π¿“…“∫“≈’)
§«“¡‡™◊ÕË ¢Õßæ«°µπ‚¥¬°“√µÕ∫‚µâ „π§√√¿å Õ—≥±™–À√◊Õ —µ«å∑’ˇ°‘¥„𠵓¡·∫∫¿“…“∏√√¡«à“ À¡“¬∂÷ß°“√
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ π—Èπ 欓¬“¡· ¥ß„Àâ ‰¢à  —߇ ∑™–À√◊Õ —µ«å∑’ˇ°‘¥„π∑’Ë™◊È𠧑¥º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫ªí®‡®°¿“«– §◊Õ°“√
‡ÀÁπ«à“ —µ«–πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ∏√√¡™“µ‘À√◊Õ ·©– ·≈–‚Õªª“µ‘°–À√◊Õ —µ«å∑’ˇ°‘¥ §‘¥«à“¡’µ—«µπ∫ÿ§§≈À√◊ÕÕ—µµ“ ∑à“π
Õ¡πÿ…¬åπ—Èπ¡’Õ¬Ÿà®√‘ß ´÷Ëß°Á‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë ºÿ¥¢÷Èπ  —µ«å™π‘¥ ÿ¥∑⓬π’ÈÀ¡“¬∂÷ß °≈à“««à“
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬ ‡™àπ‡¡◊ËÕ  —µ«å∑’Ë ç‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡Õßé ‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß¡’
§”«à“ 癓µ‘é À√◊Õ ç°“√‡°‘¥é π—ÈπÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°“√§‘¥º‘¥‰ª«à“¡’ çµ—«°Ÿé ·≈–
ç¢Õß°Ÿé §”§”π’ȉ¡à‰¥âÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°“√‡°‘¥∑“ß√à“ß°“¬Õ¬à“ß∑’˧π∑—Ë«‰ª‡¢â“„®°—π
§«“¡‡¢â“„®º‘¥«à“ 癓µ‘é À¡“¬∂÷ß°“√‡°‘¥∑“ß√à“ß°“¬π’ˇÕß ‡ªìπÕÿª √√§ ”§—≠
¢Õß°“√‡¢â“„®§” Õπ¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ ÚÛ
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ·ª≈§«“¡À¡“¬ ¢Õߧ«“¡§‘¥§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°«à“ ç©—π‡ªìπ ‡Àπ◊ Õ ∏√√¡™“µ‘ ≈ ߇ªì π  ∂“π–∑“ß
¢Õß ç‚Õªª“µ‘°–é µ“¡·∫∫¿“…“ ªí®‡®°∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë¡’∑ÿ°¢åé À√◊Õ ç©—π ®‘µ«‘∑¬“‡™àππ’È ‡¢“°≈à“««à“
∏√√¡«à“ ‡ªìπ ”π«π¿“…“∑’ËÀ¡“¬ ‡ªìπªí®‡®°∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë¡’ ÿ¢é ·µàÕπ—πµå
∂÷ ß °√–∫«π°“√‡°‘ ¥ „π∑— π ∑’ ∑— π „¥ ‰¡à ¬ Õ¡√— ∫ «‘ ∏’ ° “√≈¥√–¥— ∫  ∂“π–
‚Õªª“µ‘°–‡ªìπ —µ«–∑’Ë¡’∑—Èß à«π√Ÿª∏√√¡·≈–π“¡∏√√¡  —µ«–æ«°π’È¡’∑—Èß
√à“ß°“¬·≈–®‘µ„® ·µà√à“ß°“¬¢Õßæ«°‡¢“ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬Õπÿ¿“§ª√¡“≥Ÿ∑’Ë‚ª√àß
„  ÚÙ ‡√“Õ“®°≈à“««à“æ«°‡¢“¡’°“¬∑‘æ¬å ·µà∑’Ë®√‘ß·≈â«æ«°‡¢“¡’√à“ß°“¬∑’ˇªìπ
«— ¥ÿ≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ‚Õªª“µ‘°–§◊Õ —µ«–∑’ˇ√“¡Õߥ⫬µ“‡ª≈à“‰¡à‡ÀÁππ—Ëπ‡Õß Úı

ÚÚ
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß, Àπâ“ Ù-ı.
ÚÛ
Buddhadasa Bhikkhu. Another Kind of Birth. Trans. R.B. (no further details given). Bangkok: n.p., 1974, 3.
ÚÙ
∫ÿ≠¡’ ‡¡∏“ß°Ÿ√ °≈à“«‰«â„π¢âÕ‚µâ·¬âß∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—π ‚¥¬Õâ“ß∂÷ßÕ√√∂°∂“¢ÕßÕ¿‘∏√√¡«à“ ‰¥â«‘‡§√“–Àå·¬°  “√ÕÕ°‡ªìπ à«π¬àÕ¬ Ê ¥—ßπ’È §◊Õ
‡¡≈Á¥∂—Ë« (∏—≠≠¡“ ) Ò ‡¡≈Á¥¡’¢π“¥‡∑à“°—∫‡À“ (Õÿ°–) ˜ µ—« ‡À“ Ò µ—«‡∑à“°—∫‰¢à‡À“ (≈‘°¢–) ˜ øÕß ‰¢à‡À“ Ò øÕ߇∑à“°—∫ΩÿÉπ√∂ (√∂‡√≥Ÿ) Ûˆ ‡¡Á¥
ΩÿÉπ√∂ Ò ‡¡Á¥‡∑à“°—∫ Ûˆ ∑—™™√‘ Ò ∑—™™√‘‡∑à“°—∫ Ûˆ Õ≥Ÿ Ò Õ≥Ÿª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ Ûˆ ª√¡“≥Ÿ ´÷Ëß°ÁÀ¡“¬∂÷ß«à“ ª√¡“≥Ÿ Ò µ—«¡’¢π“¥‡∑à“°—∫ Ò/¯Ú,ÛÒ,Ò¯Ù
‡∑à“¢Õ߇¡≈Á¥∂—Ë« ®“°π—Èπ∫ÿ≠¡’°≈à“««à“ ‚Õªª“µ‘°–ª√–°Õ∫¢÷Èπ¥â«¬ª√¡“≥Ÿ·∫∫∑’Ë‚ª√àß„  ¢âÕ§«“¡π’È¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π ∫ÿ≠¡’ ‡¡∏“ß°Ÿ√. ‚µâ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ 
‡√◊ËÕßÕ«‘™™“·≈–º’ “߇∑«¥“ ‡≈à¡ Ú. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õߧ尓√æ‘∑—°…åæÿ∑∏»“ π“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚÛ Àπâ“ Ú˜.
Úı
Õπ—πµå ‡ π“¢—π∏å (∫°.) §” Õπ‡¥’¬√∂’¬.å °√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õߧ尓√æ‘∑—°…åæÿ∑∏»“ π“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚÚ Àπâ“ ˆÒ.

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
9
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

„π°“√µ’§«“¡À≈—°§” Õπ∑“ß
»“ π“µ“¡·∫∫¿“…“∏√√¡π—Èπ ∑à“π
æÿ∑∏∑“ ∂◊Õ«à“æ«°Õ¡πÿ…¬åÕ¬à“߇™àπ
‡∑«¥“·≈– —µ«åπ√°¡’Õ¬Ÿà„𧫓¡§‘¥
‡™‘ßπ“¡∏√√¡‡∑à“π—Èπ  ”À√—∫∑à“π
æÿ∑∏∑“ ·≈â« ‡∑«¥“·≈– —µ«åπ√°
‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß ∂“π–∑“ß®‘µ·≈–‰¡à‰¥â¡’
Õ¬Ÿ®à √‘ß„π‡™‘ß√Ÿª∏√√¡À√◊Õ«—µ∂ÿ ß‘Ë ¢Õß
·µà Õπ—πµå ‡ π“¢—π∏å 欓¬“¡‚µâ
·¬âß°“√≈¥ ∂“π–¢Õß —µ«–‡À≈à“π’È
≈߇ªìπ ∂“π–∑“ß®‘µ«‘∑¬“‡™‘ßπ“¡
∏√√¡·∑â Ê ‚¥¬‡πâπ¬È”«à“ Õ¡πÿ…¬å
¥—ß°≈à“«¡’µ—«µπ®√‘ß∑’ˇªìπ«—µ∂ÿ∏“µÿ
À√◊Õª√¡“≥Ÿ∑’Ë≈–‡Õ’¬¥
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‰¡à‰¥âπß‘Ë ‡©¬µàÕ§”
«‘æ“°…å«‘®“√≥å¢ÕßÕπ—πµå‡ ’¬∑’‡¥’¬«
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ §”µÕ∫‚µâ¢Õß∑à“π‰¡à
‰¥â¬Õâ π‰ª¬—ߺŸ«â æ‘ “°…å«®‘ “√≥å‚¥¬µ√ß
·µà𔇠πÕ„π∫√‘∫∑¢Õß°“√∫√√¬“¬
À≈—°§” Õπ‡√◊ËÕßÕ‘∑—ªªí®®¬µ“ À√◊Õ
À≈—°°“√æ÷ßË æ“Õ“»—¬°—π¢Õß ‘ßË µà“ß Ê
∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß°—π·∫∫≈Ÿ°‚´à ∑à“π
æÿ∑∏∑“ æ‘®“√≥“‡ÀÁπ«à“§” Õπ¢Õß
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“‡°’ˬ«°—∫ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑
‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à “ ߬‘Ë ß  à « π∑’Ë ‡ °’Ë ¬ «°— ∫
°“√µ“¬·≈–°“√‡°‘¥„À¡àπ—Èπ ¡’ºŸâ·ª≈
§«“¡À¡“¬‰«â Õ ¬à “ ߺ‘ ¥ æ≈“¥ ◊ ∫
‡π◊ËÕß°—π¡“‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π·≈â« ‡æ√“–
¬Õ¡√—∫·π«§‘¥‡√◊ËÕßÕ—µµ“°—πÕ¬Ÿà‚¥¬
ª√‘ ¬ “¬ §◊ Õ ‡™◊Ë Õ °— π «à “ ¡’ µ— « µπÀ√◊ Õ
Õ“µ¡—π¢Õßªí®‡®°∫ÿ§§≈Õ¬Ÿà®√‘ß ∑à“π
¬◊π¬—π«à“ ∑—»π–∑’˺‘¥æ≈“¥‡æ√“–‡™◊ËÕ
‡√◊ËÕß°“√¡’µ—«µπ·≈–°“√ ◊∫µàÕ¢Õß
µ— « µπ®“°™“µ‘ À π÷Ë ß  Ÿà ™ “µ‘ ∂— ¥ ‰ªπ—È π
‰¥â ‡ ªì π ∑’Ë ¬ Õ¡√— ∫ °— π ‚¥¬ª√‘ ¬ “¬„π
·«¥«ß¢Õßæÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
π—∫µ—Èß·µà°“√ —ߧ“¬π“æÿ∑∏»“ π“
§√—Èß∑’Ë Û ´÷Ëß®—¥¢÷ÈπÀ≈—ß®“°∑’Ëæ√–
æÿ∑∏‡®â“ª√‘π‘ææ“π·≈â«‡æ’¬ß Û ªï
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ¬Õ¡√—∫«à“ °“√µ’§«“¡
æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°‡™àππ’ȧ߮–‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߺ‘¥
æ≈“¥‚¥¬‰¡à‡®µπ“ §◊Õ‡ªìπ‡æ√“–
ºŸâµ’§«“¡¢“¥§«“¡√Ÿâ·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“
∑’Ë ® –·ª≈§«“¡À¡“¬¢ÕßÀ≈— ° §”
 Õπ à«π∑’˧≈ÿ¡‡§√◊Õ„πæÿ∑∏»“ π“
„Àâ ∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß‰¥â ∂÷ ß °√–π—È π ∑à “ π¬— ß
™’È·π–¥â«¬«à“ °“√∑’Ë™“«æÿ∑∏¬Õ¡√—∫
‡√◊Ë Õ ßÕ— µ µ“π’È Õ “®®–‡ªì π º≈¡“®“°
°“√§∫§‘ ¥ °— π ∑”≈“¬æÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“
°Á ‡ ªì 𠉥â ∑à “ π°≈à “ «∂÷ ß ª√–‡¥Á π π’È
‰«â«“à

Õ“®¡’ºŸâ§‘¥§¥∑√¬»∫“ߧπ·Õ∫·ΩßÕ¬Ÿà„π·«¥«ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“ ·≈–‰¥âÕ∏‘∫“¬
ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑Õ—π‡ªìπ∞“π√“°¢Õßæÿ∑∏»“ π“„À⺑¥æ≈“¥Õ¬à“ß [®ß„®·≈–]
¡ÿßà √⓬ ´÷ßË °Á∑”„ÀâÀ≈—°§” Õπ„πæÿ∑∏»“ π“‡ªìπ·∫∫∑’¡Ë Õ’ µ— µ“‡∑’¬Ë ß·∑â ( — µ∑‘Ø∞‘)
Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’„π»“ π“Œ‘π¥Ÿ À√◊Õ [‡¡◊ËÕ°≈à“«Õ’°Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß] ∑”„Àâæÿ∑∏»“ π“°≈“¬‡ªìπ
»“ π“æ√“À¡≥å... ∂â“¡’ºŸâ∑”º‘¥§‘¥√⓬‡™àππ—Èπ®√‘ß °ÁÀ¡“¬∂÷ß«à“¡’„§√∫“ߧπ‰¥â
®ß„®Õ∏‘∫“¬§«“¡À¡“¬ [¢Õߪؑ®® ¡ÿª∫“∑] ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªî¥™àÕß„Àâ≈—∑∏‘Õ—µµ“‡¢â“¡“
·ΩßÕ¬Ÿà„πæÿ∑∏»“ π“ µàÕ®“°π—Èπ»“ π“æ√“À¡≥å°Á®–°≈◊πæÿ∑∏»“ π“‰¥â... π’Ë
‡ªìπ°“√§“¥§–‡π®“°¡ÿ¡¡Õß∑’ˇÀÁπ«à“Õ“®¡’‡√◊ËÕß [Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¿“¬„πæÿ∑∏»“ π“]
∑’ˇªìπÕ—πµ√“¬Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬ Úˆ

∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‰¥â· ¥ßÕÕ°∂÷ß ¥—ß°≈à“«·≈â«π—Èπ °Á§◊Õ°“√∑’Ë ç»“ π“ ‰¥â ¡’ ‡ Àµÿ º ≈‡æ’ ¬ ß·ßà ¡ÿ ¡ ∑“ߪ√–«— µ‘

°“√‡¢â“¢â“ßπ‘°“¬¢Õß∑à“πÕ¬à“ß∑’ˉ¡à æ√“À¡≥凪ìπ»—µ√Ÿ¢Õßæÿ∑∏»“ π“ »“ µ√å‡∑à“π—Èπ ·∑â∑’Ë®√‘ß∂âÕ¬§”¢Õß
‡§¬ª√“°Ø¡“°àÕπ ¥â«¬°“√°≈à“««à“ ·≈–µâ Õ ß°“√°≈◊ π æÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“é Ú˜ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ¡’π—¬·ΩßÕ¬Ÿà«à“ À“°
·√ß®Ÿ ß „®‡∫◊È Õ ßÀ≈— ß ·ºπ°“√∑√¬» ∫√√¥“§”«‘æ“°…å«‘®“√≥å‡À≈à“π’ȉ¡à ·π«§‘ ¥ ¢Õß»“ π“æ√“À¡≥å ‡ °’Ë ¬ «

Úˆ
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ. ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑®“°æ√–‚Õ…∞å. ‰™¬“ : ∏√√¡∑“π¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚÙ Àπâ“ ˜˜.
Ú˜
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß.

æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
10
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

°— ∫ µ— « µπÀ√◊ Õ Õ“µ¡— π ∂“«√‡ªì π  ‘Ë ß
Õ—πµ√“¬‡¡◊ËÕ°«à“ Ú, ªï°àÕπÀπâ“
π’È · ≈â « ·π«§‘ ¥ π’È √ «¡∑—È ß æ«°§π∑’Ë
‡√’¬°µ—«‡Õß«à“™“«æÿ∑∏·µà°≈—∫ Õπ
«à“ §π‡√“®–‡°‘¥„À¡à‡ªìπ«‘≠≠“≥À√◊Õ
º’ “߉¥â °Á®–‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬·°à§π¬ÿ§
ªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥âæÕ Ê °—π  √ÿª·≈â«∑à“π
æÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ‰¥â µ Õ∫‚µâ æ «°∑’Ë ° ≈à “ «À“
«à “ ∑à “ π°”≈— ß ∑”≈“¬æÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“
‚¥¬„™â¢âÕ°≈à“«À“‡¥’¬«°—ππ—Ëπ‡Õß
®√‘ ß ¢Õߧ” Õπ¢Õßæ√–æÿ ∑ ∏‡®â “ ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ®÷ ß «‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å
π— ∫ ‡ªì π ª°√≥å Õ— π ¥— ∫  Õß√Õß®“° ∑—»π–¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏‚¶…“®“√¬åÕ¬à“ß
æ√–∫“≈’‰µ√ªîÆ°‡Õ߇∑à“π—Èπé Ú¯ Õ“® ‰¡à §à Õ ¬‡µÁ ¡ ª“°‡µÁ ¡ §”‡∑à “ ‰√π— °
‡ªì π ‡æ√“–«à “ §— ¡ ¿’ √å π’È ‡ ªì π ∑’Ë ¬ °¬à Õ ß ¥—߇™àπ„π¢âÕ§«“¡µàÕ‰ªπ’È
π— ∫ ∂◊ Õ  ◊ ∫ µà Õ °— π ¡“¬“«π“ππ—Ë π ‡Õß
Õ“µ¡“‰¡à‰¥âπ—∫∂◊ÕÀ√◊Õ‡™◊ËÕæ√–æÿ∑∏‚¶…“®“√¬å§√∫∑—Èß Ò ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå
‡æ√“–¬—ß¡’ à«πµà“ß Ê [„π§—¡¿’√å«‘ ÿ∑∏‘¡√√§] ∑’ËÕ“µ¡“¬—ßÕÕ°®–‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬
Õ¬Ÿà∫â“ß Õ“µ¡“¬Õ¡√—∫∂âÕ¬§”¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏‚¶…“®“√¬å‰¥â —° ˘ À√◊Õ ˘ı
‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå‡∑à“π—Èπ Ú˘

¢â Õ «‘ ® “√≥å ‡ °’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ §— ¡ ¿’ √å «‘  ÿ ∑ ∏‘ - ®ÿ¥„À≠à„®§«“¡∑’∑Ë “à πæÿ∑∏∑“  ·≈–∫√√≈ÿπ‘ææ“π‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ ¢—ÈπµÕπ

¡√√§·≈–§”µ’§«“¡·∫∫¥—È߇¥‘¡
¢Õߪؑ®® ¡ÿª∫“∑
æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°‰¡à„™àª°√≥å
‡¥’¬«∑’Ë∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ µ—ÈߢâÕ ß —¬„π
 ‘∑∏‘Õ”π“® ‡¡◊ËÕ∑à“πµ—Èß∑ƒ…Æ’¿“…“
∏√√¡¢÷Èπ¡“‡æ◊ËÕµ’§«“¡À≈—°§” Õπ
„πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“·∫∫∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ¡’ ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß
ª√—¡ª√“ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ¬—ß«‘æ“°…å
«‘ ® “√≥å §— ¡ ¿’ √å «‘  ÿ ∑ ∏‘ ¡ √√§¢Õßæ√–
æÿ∑∏‚¶…“®“√¬å·Ààß»√’≈—ß°“Õ’°¥â«¬
§— ¡ ¿’ √å «‘  ÿ ∑ ∏‘ ¡ √√§π’È ‡ √’ ¬ ∫‡√’ ¬ ߢ÷È π
„π§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë ı ‡æ◊ËÕ √ÿª√«¡
§” Õπ¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ ·≈–‰¥â‡ªìπ
∑’Ë ¬ Õ¡√— ∫ π— ∫ ∂◊ Õ ¡“°∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ „π∫√√¥“
Õ√√∂°∂“¢Õßπ‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑  ÿπ∑√
≥ √—ß…’ °≈à“«∂÷ߧ—¡¿’√åπ’È«à“ ç‰¥â√—∫
§«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ ∂◊ Õ ®“°™“«æÿ ∑ ∏‡∂√«“∑
„π∞“π–∑’Ë ‡ ªì π µâ π ©∫— ∫ ∑’Ë ∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß·∑â
‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬°—∫æ√–æÿ∑∏‚¶…“®“√¬åππ—È
°Á§◊Õ§”µ’§«“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫ ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª-
∫“∑ À√◊Õ°“√æ÷Ëßæ“Õ“»—¬°—π‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
 ◊ ∫ µà Õ °— π ·∫∫≈Ÿ ° ‚´à ¢ Õ߇Àµÿ ° “√≥å
„π™’«‘µ§π‡√“ „π¢—ÈπµÕπµà“ß Ê ´÷Ëß
‡°’ˬ«‚¬ß ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß°—π¢Õ߇Àµÿ°“√≥å
¥—ß°≈à“«π’È ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑· ¥ß„Àâ
‡ÀÁπ«à“Õ«‘™™“ (§«“¡‰¡à√Ÿâ) ∑”„À⇰‘¥
Õÿª“∑“π (§«“¡¬÷¥¡—Ëπ∂◊Õ¡—Ëπ) ·≈–
Õÿª“∑“π∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡∑ÿ°¢åÕ’°∑Õ¥
Àπ÷Ë߉¥âÕ¬à“߉√ ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑· ¥ß
§”Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬Õ¬à “ ߇ªì π √–∫∫‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫
À≈—°§” Õπ„πæÿ∑∏»“ π“‡Õ“‰«â«à“
§«“¡‰¡à√ Ÿâ ®— ∏√√¡§◊Õ¡Ÿ≈‡Àµÿ¢Õߧ«“¡
∑ÿ°¢å„π™’«µ‘ ¢Õߧπ‡√“ „πÕ’°∑“ßÀπ÷ßË
ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑°Á· ¥ß∂÷ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥
‡°’ˬ«°—∫«à“ °“√‡°‘¥ªí≠≠“∑’ˇՓ™π–
§«“¡‰¡à√Ÿâ‰¥âπ—Èπ ∑”„Àâ§π‡√“æâπ∑ÿ°¢å
√«¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ÒÚ ¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«‚¬ß
°—π‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ·∫∫≈Ÿ°‚´à„πªØ‘®® ¡ÿª-
∫“∑ À√◊ Õ ∑’Ë ‡ √’ ¬ °Õ’ ° Õ¬à “ ßÀπ÷Ë ß «à “
¿«®—°√ («ß√Õ∫¢Õß°“√ª√“°Ø¢÷Èπ)
π—Èπ ¡’≈”¥—∫¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È §◊Õ
Ò. Õ«‘™™“ §«“¡‰¡à√Ÿâ
Ú.  —ߢ“√ ç°“√°àÕé À√◊Õ°“√
ª√ÿ ß ·µà ß ∑“ß®‘ µ ∑’Ë ‡ °’Ë ¬ «¢â Õ ß°— ∫ °“√
°√–∑”‚¥¬‡®µπ“´÷Ëß∑”„À⇰‘¥°√√¡
Û. «‘≠≠“≥ §«“¡√—∫√Ÿâ
Ù. π“¡√Ÿª ¢—π∏åÀ√◊Õ°Õß∑—Èß ı
∑’Ë ª √–°Õ∫°— π ¢÷È π ‡ªì π ªí ® ‡®°∫ÿ § §≈
ı.  Ã“¬µπ– Õ“¬µπ–À√◊ Õ
∞“π∑—È ß À°∑’Ë √— ∫ §«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° ∑“ß°“¬
À√◊Õ„®Û
ˆ. º—    – °“√°√–∑∫°— π
√–À«à“ßÕ“¬µπ–¿“¬„π°—∫Õ“¬µπ–
¿“¬πÕ°

Ú¯
Sunthorn Na-rangsi. The Buddhist Concept of Karma and Rebirth. Bangkok: Mahamakut Rajavidyalaya Press, 1976, 86.
Ú˘
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ. ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑®“°æ√–‚Õ…∞å. ‰™¬“ : ∏√√¡∑“π¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚÙ Àπâ“ ˘ı.
Û
æÿ∑∏»“ π“°≈à“«∂÷ßÕ“¬µπ–¿“¬πÕ° ˆ Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ √Ÿª ‡ ’¬ß °≈‘Ëπ √   —¡º— ∑“ß°“¬ (‚ºØ∞—ææ–) ·≈–Õ“√¡≥å∑’ˇ°‘¥·°à„® (∏√√¡“√¡≥å)  ÿπ∑√
≥ √—ß…’ µ—ÈߢâÕ —߇°µ«à“ çæÿ∑∏»“ π“∂◊Õ«à“®‘µÀ√◊Õ„®‡ªìπÕ“¬µπ–∑’Ë ˆ ‚¥¬¡’ ∂“π–∑“ß®‘µÀ√◊Õª√“°Ø°“√≥å∑“ß®‘µ‡ªìπº≈¢Õߺ—  –√–À«à“ß∏√√¡“√¡≥å
°—∫„® ¢âÕ§«“¡π’È¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π Sunthorn Na-rangsi. The Buddhist Concept of Karma and Rebirth. Bangkok: Mahamakut Rajavidyalaya Press,
1976, 61.

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
11
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

˜. ‡«∑π“ °“√‡°‘ ¥ Õ“√¡≥å ™√“¡√≥–· ¥ß∂÷ ß §«“¡∑ÿ ° ¢å ¢—ÈπµÕπ·µà≈–¢—ÈπµÕπ„π«ß®√π’ȉ¥â√—∫

‡¡◊ËÕ¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°∑“ß°“¬À√◊Õ„®
¯. µ—≥À“ §«“¡Õ¬“°„π«—µ∂ÿ
·ÀàßÕ“√¡≥å ˆ Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë√—∫√Ÿâ‰¥â
˘. Õÿª“∑“𠧫“¡¬÷¥¡—Ëπ∂◊Õ
¡—Ëπ„π«—µ∂ÿ·ÀàßÕ“√¡≥å
Ò. ¿æ °“√ª√“°Ø¢÷Èπ
ÒÒ. ™“µ‘ °“√‡°‘¥µ“¡‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢
¢Õß¿æ
ÒÚ. ™√“¡√≥– §«“¡·°à · ≈–
§«“¡µ“¬
√–∑¡∑’‡Ë ªìπº≈¡“®“°°“√‡°‘¥ (™“µ‘)ÛÒ
´÷Ë ß °Á ¡’   “‡Àµÿ  ◊ ∫ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß¡“®“°ªí ® ®— ¬
µà“ß Ê √«¡ Ò Õ¬à“ß°àÕπÀπâ“π—Èπ
‚¥¬‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π ∑’Ë § «“¡‰¡à √Ÿâ (Õ«‘ ™ ™“)
°“√ª√– ∫°—∫™√“¡√≥–π’È∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ
‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‰¡à√ŸâÕ’°∑Õ¥
Àπ÷Ëß ·≈–‡ªìπ®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¢Õß«ß√Õ∫
ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑«ß„À¡àµàÕ‰ª ¥—ßπ—Èπ
ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑®÷߇ªìπ —ß “√«—ØÀ√◊Õ
«ß®√Õÿ∫“∑«å„π∑ÿ°§«“¡À¡“¬ ‚¥¬∑’Ë
‡™◊È Õ ¡“®“°¢—È π µÕπ°à Õ πÀπâ “ ·≈–
‡ªìπ‡™◊ÈÕ„ÀⷰࢗÈπµÕπ∂—¥‰ª
ªØ‘ ® ® ¡ÿ ª ∫“∑‡ªì π ∑’Ë ¬ Õ¡√— ∫
π—∫∂◊Õ ◊∫µàÕ°—π¡“«à“ ‡ªìπ∞“πÀ≈—°
∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’  ”À√— ∫ Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬°√–∫«π
°“√‡°‘ ¥ „À¡à æ√–æÿ ∑ ∏‚¶…“®“√¬å
‰¥â·ª≈§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß´’Ë°”∑—Èß ÒÚ
´’Ë „ π°ß·Àà ß °“√°à Õ ‡°‘ ¥ À√◊ Õ «ß≈â Õ
¿«®—°√«à“ °‘π‡«≈“ Û ™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ¢Õß
§π‡√“ ·≈–‰¥â‡¢’¬π‰«â„π§—¡¿’√«å  ‘ ∑ÿ ∏‘-
¡√√§«à“

™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ„πÕ¥’µ ªí®®ÿ∫π— ·≈–Õ𓧵 §◊Õ™à«ß‡«≈“∑—ßÈ  “¡ [¢Õߪؑ®® ¡ÿª∫“∑]

„π∫√√¥“™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ‡À≈à“π’È ‡√“§«√®–‡¢â“„®µ“¡∂âÕ¬§”„πª°√≥å«à“ ªí®®—¬ Ú Õ¬à“ß
§◊Õ §«“¡‰¡à√Ÿâ (Õ«‘™™“) °—∫°“√ª√ÿß·µàß∑“ß®‘µ ( —ߢ“√) Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ßÕ¥’µ ªí®®—¬
∂—¥¡“√«¡ ¯ Õ¬à“ß´÷Ë߇√‘Ë¡¥â«¬§«“¡√—∫√Ÿâ («‘≠≠“≥) Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ßªí®®ÿ∫—π  à«πªí®®—¬
Ú Õ¬à“ß ÿ¥∑⓬ §◊Õ °“√‡°‘¥ (™“µ‘) °—∫§«“¡·°à·≈–§«“¡µ“¬ (™√“¡√≥–) Õ¬Ÿà
„π™à«ßÕ𓧵 ÛÚ

„𧔷ª≈§«“¡¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏- °—∫§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å·∫∫摇»…√–À«à“ß „À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“ „πªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑

‚¶…“®“√¬å π—È π ∑à “ π‰¥â Õ ∏‘ ∫ “¬∂÷ ß «‘≠≠“≥ (§«“¡√—∫√Ÿâ) °—∫  —ߢ“√ π—πÈ
°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à ‚¥¬¬÷¥¢âÕ ¡¡ÿµ‘‡°’ˬ« (°“√ª√ÿß·µàß®‘µ)  ÿπ∑√ ≥ √—ß…’

«‘≠≠“≥∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë Ú Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ °“√√Ÿâ∂÷ß«—µ∂ÿ∑’˺à“π‡¢â“¡“∑“ßÕ“¬µπ– ·≈–

°àÕ„À⇰‘¥°√–· ®‘µ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà≈÷°≈߉ª (¿«—ߧå) Õ—π‡ªìπ∞“πÀ≈—°¢Õßªí®‡®°∫ÿ§§≈ ÛÛ

µ“¡§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¥—È߇¥‘¡·≈â« §«“¡ ‡Õ°≈— ° …≥å  ”À√— ∫ ∫ÿ § §≈·µà ≈ –§π π—¬∑’Ë™’È∫àß«à“ À≈—°§” Õπ‡°’Ë¬«°—∫

√—∫√Ÿ„â π√–¥—∫ ç≈÷°≈߉ªé À√◊Õ„π√–¥—∫ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫À≈—°§” Õπ °“√‡°‘¥„À¡à°”Àπ¥„Àâ¡’Õߧ¿“«–∑’Ë
¿«— ß §å ∂◊ Õ °— π «à “ ‡ªì π ∞“πÀ≈— ° ¢Õß ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ Õπ— µ µ“ Õ’ ° ∑—È ß À≈’ ° ‡≈’Ë ¬ ß ‡°‘¥„À¡à„𙓵‘µà“ß Ê ∑’Ë ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß°—π

ÛÒ
§”«à“ 癓µ‘é „π¿“…“∫“≈’¡’§«“¡À¡“¬µ√ßµ“¡µ—«Õ—°…√«à“ ç°“√‡°‘¥é ·µà‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª¡—°®–„™â„𧫓¡À¡“¬«à“ ç°“√‡°‘¥„À¡àé ¥â«¬ πÕ°®“°π’È
癓µ‘é ¬—ßÕ“®„™â„𧫓¡À¡“¬¢Õß ç™’«‘µé °Á‰¥â Õ¬à“߇™àπ„π§”«à“ ç™“µ‘°àÕπé ·≈– 癓µ‘Àπâ“é œ≈œ
ÛÚ
Buddhaghosa. The Path of Purification›Visuddhimagga. Translated by Bhikkhu Nanamoli. 4th ed., Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publica-
tion Society, 1979, XVII, 287.
ÛÛ
Sunthorn Na-rangsi. The Buddhist Concept of Karma and Rebirth. Bangkok: Mahamakut Rajavidyalaya Press, 1976, 191.

æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
12
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

§«“¡√—∫√Ÿâ√–¥—∫≈÷°≈߉ª¥—ß°≈à“«®÷ß ·µà ≈ –§π®“°™“µ‘ À π÷Ë ß  Ÿà ™ “µ‘ ∂— ¥ ‰ª Àπ÷Ëß ∑à“π‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à

¡’§”Õ∏‘∫“¬«à“‰¡à„™àÕߧ¿“«–À√◊Õµ—«
µπ∑’Ë¡’®√‘ß·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ „π∑“ßµ√ß°—π
¢â“¡ §«“¡√—∫√Ÿâ·∫∫π’È´÷Ë߇√’¬°°—π«à“
ç¿«—ߧ«‘≠≠“≥é π—Èπ ¡’§”æ√√≥π“
«à“‡ªìπ°√–∫«π°“√∑’Ë¡’®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ·≈–
®ÿ¥ ‘Èπ ÿ¥∑’Ë·πà™—¥ ºŸâ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß§—¡¿’√å
Õ¿‘∏√√¡¬◊π¬—π«à“ ¿«—ߧ«‘≠≠“≥∑’Ë
‡ªìπ∫“∑∞“π¢Õß™’«µ‘ „π·µà≈–™“µ‘´ß÷Ë
 ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß°—π¡“π—Èπ ·µ°µà“ß°—π·≈–
·¬°®“°°—π ‚¥¬‡√‘Ë¡¡’„πµÕπ∑’Ë —µ«–
‡√‘Ë ¡ ªØ‘   π∏‘ · ≈– ‘È π  ÿ ¥ ≈߇¡◊Ë Õ  — µ «–
π—È𵓬  à«πµ—«‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß
√–À«à“ß™“µ‘µà“ß Ê ∑’Ë ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß°—π
(§◊ Õ √–À«à “ ß°“√ ‘È π  ÿ ¥ ¢Õß¿“«–
¿«—ß§å µÕ𵓬°—∫°“√‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¢Õß
¿“«–¿«—ߧå„À¡à„πµÕπªØ‘ π∏‘§√—Èß
µàÕ‰ª) ‡√’¬°°—π«à“ªØ‘ π∏‘«‘≠≠“≥
µ—«ªØ‘ π∏‘«‘≠≠“≥π’ˇÕß∑’Ë∂à“¬‚Õπ
º≈°√√¡À√◊ Õ  — ß ¢“√´÷Ë ß °”Àπ¥
≈— ° …≥–π‘  — ¬ À√◊ Õ ™–µ“¢Õß∫ÿ § §≈
π—Ë π §◊ Õ §” ÕπΩÉ “ ¬‡∂√«“∑·∫∫
¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ ‡ πÕ·π–«à “ º≈°√√¡¢Õß
§π‡√“®–∂Ÿ ° ∂à “ ¬‚Õπ®“°™“µ‘ À π÷Ë ß
 ŸàÕ’°™“µ‘Àπ÷Ëß (ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√ ◊∫
∑Õ¥∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ ªØ‘ π∏‘«‘≠≠“≥)
·µà™’«‘µ„π·µà≈–™“µ‘®–·µ°µà“ß°—π
·≈–·¬°®“°°— π ∑—È ß π’È °Á ‡ æ√“–«à “
¿«— ß §«‘ ≠ ≠“≥∑’Ë ‡ ªì π µ— « °”Àπ¥
‡Õ°≈— ° …≥å ·≈–√Õß√— ∫ ™’ «‘ µ ·µà ≈ –
™’«‘µπ—Èπ ¡’∞“𖇪ìπª√“°Ø°“√≥å∑’Ë
·πàπÕ𵓬µ—« ·≈–®”‡æ“–‡®“–®ß
·°à ™’ «‘ µ ¢Õß∫ÿ § §≈·µà ≈ –§π‡∑à “ π—È π
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  µà“ß Ê ∑’Ë·ª≈°·À«°·π«∑’Ë ÿ¥¢Õß
‰¡à ¬ Õ¡√— ∫ À≈— ° °“√∑’Ë ‡  πÕ«à “ µ— «
‡™◊ÕË ¡‚¬ß·∫∫≈Ÿ°‚´à„πªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑
‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à∑“ß√à“ß°“¬
∑à“π¬÷¥·π«§‘¥„À¡à∑’Ë«à“ «ß√Õ∫¢Õß
°“√‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ßª√“°Ø°“√≥å·∫∫≈Ÿ°‚´à
π’ȧ«√∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπµ—«Õ∏‘∫“¬∂÷ß°“√‡°‘¥
§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å„π„®§π ≥ ¢≥–„¥¢≥–
«à“‡ªìπÀ—«„®¢ÕßÀ≈—°§” Õπ„πæÿ∑∏-
»“ π“ ºŸâ‡¢’¬π‰¥âµ—ÈߢâÕ —߇°µ‰«â°àÕπ
Àπâ“π’‡È °’¬Ë «°—∫§”°≈à“«¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏-
∑“ ∑’Ë«à“ ‡√“§«√µ’§«“¡ ç°“√‡°‘¥é
µ“¡·∫∫¿“…“∏√√¡ §◊ÕÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°“√
‡°‘¥¢Õߧ«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ·∫∫º‘¥ Ê «à“¡’
µ—«µπ ·≈–‰¡à§«√µ’§«“¡«à“À¡“¬∂÷ß
°“√‡°‘¥À√◊Õ°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à∑“ß√à“ß°“¬
°“√∑’∑Ë “à πæÿ∑∏∑“ ªØ‘‡ ∏§«“¡
 ”§—≠¢Õß·π«§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫ ç°“√‡°‘¥
„À¡àé „πÀ≈—°§” Õπ∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“
π—È π π—∫‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕßÀπ÷Ëß„π∫√√¥“‡√◊ËÕß
∑à “ π ´÷Ë ß πÕ°®“°®–¢— ¥ °— ∫ ¢π∫
ª√–‡æ≥’ ° “√µ’ § «“¡À≈— ° §” Õπ
¢Õßπ‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’„π§—¡¿’√å
«‘  ÿ ∑ ∏‘ ¡ √√§·≈â « ¬— ß ¢— ¥ ·¬â ß °— ∫ ¢â Õ
§«“¡∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷ß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à‰«âÕ¬à“ß
™— ¥ ·®â ß „πæ√– ÿ µ µ— 𠵪î Æ °Õ’ ° ¥â « ¬
 ÿπ∑√ ≥ √—ß…’ °≈à“««à“

„πæ√–∫“≈’‰µ√ªîÆ°π—Èπ ¡’‡√◊ËÕß√“«µà“ß Ê ¡“°¡“¬∑’ˇ≈à“«à“  “«°¢Õßæ√–

æÿ∑∏‡®â“∫“ß√Ÿª∑’Ë¡√≥¿“æÀ√◊Õ§π∫“ߧπ∑’˵“¬·≈⫉ª‡°‘¥„π‚≈°„À¡à·Ààß„¥
·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß ‡√◊ËÕßµà“ß Ê ‡À≈à“π’È≈â«π·µà‡ªìπ¢âÕæ‘ Ÿ®π凰’ˬ«°—∫°“√‡°‘¥„À¡àµ“¡∑’Ë
∫—π∑÷°‰«â„πæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ÛÙ

¡’‡√◊ËÕ߇≈à“∑’˪√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà∑—Ë«‰ª„πæ√– ÿµµ—πµªîÆ°‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√√–≈÷°™“µ‘°àÕπ‰¥â Õ¬à“߇™àπ¢âÕ§«“¡µàÕ‰ªπ’È´÷Ëß
π”¡“®“° ‚ªµ≈‘¬ Ÿµ√ §◊Õ

¥Ÿ°àÕπÕÿ∫“ ° æ√–Õ√‘¬ “«° (ºŸâªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“) „πæ√–∏√√¡«‘π—¬

π’È∑’˪ؑ∫—µ‘Õÿ‡∫°¢“ (§«“¡«“߇©¬„πÕ“√¡≥å) „π∞“π–¢Õß∏√√¡∑’Ë™”√–®‘µ„Àâ
∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘ω¥â‚¥¬‰¡à¡’∏√√¡„¥¬‘Ëß°«à“ ¬àÕ¡ “¡“√∂√–≈÷°™“µ‘„πÕ¥’µ‰¥âÀπ÷Ëß™“µ‘

ÛÙ
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß, Àπâ“ xi.

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
13
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

 Õß™“µ‘...  ‘∫™“µ‘... Àπ÷Ëß√âÕ¬™“µ‘ Àπ÷Ëßæ—𙓵‘ Àπ÷Ëß· π™“µ‘ ºà“π™à«ß‡«≈“

À≈“¬°—ªªá°—≈ªá∑’Ë‚≈°π’ȇ°‘¥·≈–·µ°∑”≈“¬‰ª Ûı

·¡â«à“‡√“®– “¡“√∂µ’§«“¡§” ç‚≈°é «à“À¡“¬∂÷ß¿“«–∑“ß®‘µÕ¬à“ß ¬“°°«à“π’È ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“ß„π  ‘ß§“≈°-

«à“ 癓µ‘é À√◊Õ ç°“√‡°‘¥é „π¢âÕ§«“¡ Àπ÷Ëß°Áµ“¡ ¬—ß¡’¢âÕ§«“¡Õ◊Ëπ Ê Õ’°  Ÿ µ √ ´÷Ë ß ¡’ ¢â Õ §«“¡∑’Ë æ √–æÿ ∑ ∏‡®â “
¢â“ß∫ππ’ȵ“¡·∫∫¿“…“∏√√¡ ‚¥¬ „πæ√– ÿ µ µ— 𠵪î Æ °∑’Ë ° ≈à “ «∂÷ ß °“√ ∑√ßµ—°‡µ◊Õπ¶√“«“ ™◊ËÕ  ‘ߧ“≈°–
„À⧫“¡À¡“¬‡ªìπ°“√°àÕ‡°‘¥§«“¡ ‡°‘ ¥ ∑“ß√à “ ß°“¬·≈–Õ“®µ’ § «“¡„π ‚¥¬µ√—   «à “ ∫ÿ § §≈∑’Ë ª √–惵‘ µ “¡
√Ÿâ  ÷ ° ‡ªì π µ— « µπ ·≈–µ’ § «“¡§”«à “ ‡™‘ ß ‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫·∫∫π“¡∏√√¡‰¥â æ√–«‘𗬄𻓠π“¢Õßæ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ

µ“¡∏√√¡¥“·≈⫬àÕ¡®–ªØ‘∫—µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ‡Õ“™π–‚≈°∑—Èß Õß... ∑—Èß‚≈°π’È·≈–‚≈°Àπâ“
„π¿“¬¿“§ÀπⓇ¡◊ËÕ‡¢“µ“¬‡æ√“–√à“ß°“¬·µ° ≈“¬≈ß Õ√‘¬ “«°ºŸâπ—Èπ ¬àÕ¡
‡¢â“∂÷ß ÿ§µ‘‚≈° «√√§å‡ªìπ∏√√¡¥“ Ûˆ

æ√–æÿ ∑ ∏‚¶…“®“√¬å ‰ ¥â ·  ¥ß ∑à“π‰¡àª√– ß§å„Àâ·ª≈§«“¡À¡“¬ ÒÒ „π«ß√Õ∫ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑ „π‡™‘ß

‰«âÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π„π§—¡¿’√«å  ‘ ∑ÿ ∏‘¡√√§«à“ ¢Õß ç™“µ‘é À√◊Õ°“√‡°‘¥ ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ°ß´’∑Ë ’Ë ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ ∑à“π°≈à“««à“°“√‡°‘¥π—πÈ

§«√∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπº≈°“√ª√–°Õ∫æ√âÕ¡‡ªìπ°Õß (¢—π∏å) ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èππ—∫µ—Èß·µàµÕπ∑’Ë¡’µ—«

‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß„À⇰‘¥„À¡à (ªØ‘ π∏‘«‘≠≠“≥) ®π∂÷ßµÕπ∑’Ë∑“√°§≈Õ¥ÕÕ°®“°§√√¿å
¢Õß¡“√¥“ Û˜

‡√“®÷߇ÀÁπ‰¥â«“à °“√∑’∑Ë “à πæÿ∑∏- ªîÆ° ·µà∑à“π‰¡à‰¥â¢—¥·¬âß°—∫À≈—° Õ¬à“ß„¥ π—Ëπ°Á§◊Õ«à“ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ 

∑“ ‚µâ · ¬â ß §” Õπ∑’Ë ¬ Õ¡√— ∫ °— π ¡“
¬“«π“π‡™àππ’ȬàÕ¡‰¡à„™à‡√◊ËÕ߇≈àπ‡≈¬
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ‡√“§«√ —߇°µ«à“ „π
æ√– ÿ µ µ— 𠵪î Æ °‡Õ߉¡à ¡’ ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß¢Õß
§«“¡‡™◊ÕË ‡°’¬Ë «°—∫°“√‡°‘¥„À¡àª√“°Ø
Õ¬Ÿà„πÀ≈—°§«“¡‡™◊ËÕÀ√◊ÕÀ≈—°§” Õπ
 ”§— ≠ Ê ¢Õßæÿ∑∏»“ π“ „π°“√
ªØ‘‡ ∏‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à ∑à“πæÿ∑∏-
∑“ ®÷ߢ—¥·¬âß∑—Èß°—∫§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¥—È߇¥‘¡
·≈–°—∫¢âÕ§«“¡∫“ßµÕπ„πæ√–‰µ√
§” Õπæ◊È π ∞“πÕ¬à “ ߇™à π Õπ— µ µ“
Õπ‘®®µ“ ∑ÿ°¢å À√◊Õπ‘ææ“π °“√∑’Ë
∑à “ πæ√â Õ ¡®–¢— ¥ ·¬â ß ·¡â ° √–∑—Ë ß °— ∫
∫“ß à«π∫“ßµÕπ¢Õßæ√– ÿµµ—πµ-
ªîÆ° πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“°∑’ˉ¥âªØ‘‡ ∏ ‘∑∏‘
Õ”π“®¢Õßæ√–Õ¿‘ ∏ √√¡ªî Æ °·≈–
Õ√√∂°∂“¢ÕߪîÆ° à«ππ’ȉª·≈â« ®÷ß
· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ «‘∏’°“√µ’§«“¡æÿ∑∏-
»“ π“„π·π«„À¡à¢Õß∑à“ππ—Èπ ‡πâπ
‡√◊ËÕßÀ≈—°§” Õπ ‰¡à„™àµ—«§—¡¿’√å·µà
¡ÿà ß ∑’Ë ® –𔇠πÕ§”µ’ § «“¡§” Õπ
„πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“π‘ ° “¬‡∂√«“∑µ“¡
·∫∫∑’Ë   Õ¥§≈â Õ ß°— ∫ À≈— ° §” Õπ
 ”À√—∫∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‡Õß·≈â« §«“¡
¡’ ‡ Àµÿ º ≈ Õ¥§≈â Õ ßµâ Õ ß°— π °— ∫ À≈— °
§” Õπæ◊È π ∞“π„πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“π—Ë π
‡Õß §◊Õ ‘Ëß ”§—≠∑’Ë ÿ¥∑’Ë™’È™—¥∂÷ß ‘∑∏‘
Õ”π“®¢Õߧ”µ’ § «“¡À≈— ° §” Õπ
·¡â«à“æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°®–„Àâ·π«∑“ß·≈–
§«“¡À¬—Ë߇ÀÁπ‡°’Ë¬«°—∫∏√√¡– ∑à“π

Ûı
‚ªµ≈‘¬ Ÿµ√ ¡—™¨‘¡π‘°“¬ æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ‡≈à¡∑’Ë ÒÛ §“∂“∑’Ë ıÙ Àπâ“ Û˘-Ù.
Ûˆ
 ‘ߧ“≈° Ÿµ√ ∑’¶π‘°“¬ æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ‡≈à¡∑’Ë ÒÒ §“∂“∑’Ë Ò˜Ù Àπâ“ ÒÛ˘.
Û˜
Buddhaghosa. The Path of Purification›Visuddhimagga. Translated by Bhikkhu Nanamoli. 4th ed., Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist
Publication Society, 1979, XVI, 33.

æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
14
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

æÿ∑∏∑“ °Á‰¡à‰¥â∂◊Õ«à“ª°√≥å ”§—≠π’È ‰ª∑ÿ°§√—ßÈ „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬π—πÈ ¢—¥°—∫À≈—°Õπ—µµ“

‡ªìπ·À≈àß∑’Ë∑√ß ‘∑∏‘Õ”π“® Ÿß ÿ¥„π ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ‰¥â „ Àâ ‡ Àµÿ º ≈∑’Ë ∑à“πÕâ“ß«à“ ‡ªìπ°“√ßà“¬∑’˧«“¡‡™◊ËÕ
æÿ∑∏»“ π“ ‡¡◊ËÕ‰√°Áµ“¡∑’Ë∫“ß à«π ∑à“π·ª≈§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß ç°“√‡°‘¥é ‡√◊Ë Õ ßπ’È Õ “®°≈“¬‡ªì π À≈— ° §” Õπ
∫“ßµÕπ¢Õßæ√–‰µ√ªî Æ °¢— ¥ °— ∫ ‰ª„π‡™‘ß‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫·∫∫π“¡∏√√¡ πÕ°æÿ∑∏»“ π“Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇ√’¬°°—π«à“
∑— » π–∑’Ë ‡ ¢â ¡ ß«¥¢Õß∑à “ π‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ‰«â«à“ ‡ªìπ‡æ√“–§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ‡°’ˬ«°—∫  — µ∑‘Ø∞‘ ´÷Ëß Õπ«à“¡’µ—«µπ∑’ˇ∑’ˬß
À≈—°§” Õπ·≈–§«“¡∑—π¬ÿ§∑—π ¡—¬ °“√‡°‘¥„À¡àÕ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’„π§—¡¿’√å«‘ ÿ∑∏‘- ·∑â∂“«√ ∑à“π‰¥â‡µ◊Õπ™“«æÿ∑∏‰«â«à“
∑à“π°Á®–µ—¥ à«πÀ√◊ÕµÕπ‡À≈à“π’ÈÕÕ° ¡√√§ ·≈–‡ªìπ∑’ˇ¢â“„®°—π‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª
¢Õ„Àâ√–«—߇√◊ËÕß ç™“µ‘Àπâ“é ‡Õ“‰«â„À⥒ ∂Ⓡ™◊ËÕº‘¥‰ª —°‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ °Á®–°≈“¬
‡ªìπ — µ∑‘Ø∞‘ (§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ‡√◊ËÕßµ—«µπ∂“«√) ¢Õß»“ π“æ√“À¡≥剥âßà“¬ π—Ëπ§◊Õ
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ„§√§π„¥§πÀπ÷Ëßµ“¬‰ª·≈â« „§√§ππ—Èπ‡Õß°Á®–‡°‘¥„À¡àÕ’° Û¯
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ Õ∏‘∫“¬«à“ µ“¡§”µ’§«“¡ ç°“√‡°‘¥é ·∫∫¥—È߇¥‘¡„πæÿ∑∏»“ π“·≈â«
°‘‡≈ ¢Õߧπ‡√“„𙓵‘°àÕπ∑”„À⇰‘¥º≈°√√¡„𙓵‘π’È... º≈°√√¡„𙓵‘π’È
∑”„À⇰‘¥°‘‡≈ ¢÷Èπ¡“„À¡à„𙓵‘π’È ´÷Ëß°Á √â“ߺ≈°√√¡¢÷Èπ¡“„π™“µ‘µàÕ Ê ‰ªÕ’°
‡¡◊ËÕ ÕπªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑°—πµ“¡·∫∫π’È §” Õπ°Á°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕ߇°’ˬ«°—∫Õ—µµ“ §◊Õ
°≈“¬‡ªì𧔠Õπ∑’Ë∫Õ°«à“¡’Õ—µµ“µ—«µπ ¡’ —µ«–·≈–∫ÿ§§≈‡ªìπµ—«µπ·µà≈–√“¬ Û˘
„π°“√µ’ § «“¡¢— ¥ ·¬â ß °— ∫ §” «‘≠≠“≥Ù ∑à“πÕ∏‘∫“¬‡ ’¬„À¡à«à“ · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ ·π«§‘¥‡√◊ËÕߪؑ π∏‘
Õ∏‘∫“¬∑’Ë¡’„π§—¡¿’√å«‘ ÿ∑∏‘¡√√§ ∑à“π «‘ ≠ ≠“≥À¡“¬§«“¡µ√߉ªµ√ß¡“ «‘ ≠ ≠“≥‡°’Ë ¬ «¢â Õ ß°— ∫ °“√‡°‘ ¥ „À¡à
æÿ∑∏∑“ ‰¡à∂◊Õ«à“Õߧåª√–°Õ∫Õߧå ∂÷ߧ«“¡√—∫√Ÿâ∑“ßÕ“¬µπ–À° Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë Õ¬à “ ß™— ¥ ‡®π„π≠“≥°∂“ ¢ÿ ∑ ∑°-
∑’Ë Û ¢Õߪؑ®® ¡ÿª∫“∑ §◊Õ«‘≠≠“≥ ¡’ „ 𧔠Õπ¢Õßæ√–æÿ ∑ ∏‡®â “ ∑—Ë « ‰ª π‘°“¬ ¡’¢âÕ§«“¡¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
π—ÈπÀ¡“¬∂÷ß çµ—«√—∫√Ÿâ∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°“√ π—Ë π ‡Õß ∑à “ πÕâ “ ߇Àµÿ º ≈¢Õß∑à “ π
‡°‘¥„À¡à„𙓵‘µà“ß Êé À√◊ժؑ π∏‘ Õ¬à“ßπ’È ∑—Èß Ê ∑’Ëæ√– ÿµµ—πµªîÆ°‰¥â
„𙓵‘°àÕπ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°°”Àπ¥¥â«¬°√√¡π—Èπ ‚¡À–À√◊Õ§«“¡À≈ߧ◊Õµ—«Õ«‘™™“
°“√ª√–°Õ∫‡¢â“¥â«¬°—π¢Õß°√√¡°Á§◊Õ —ߢ“√ §«“¡æÕ„® [„π°“¡“√¡≥å] §◊Õ
µ—≥À“ §«“¡À¡°¡ÿàπ [„π°“¡“√¡≥å] §◊ÕÕÿª“∑“π ·≈–°“√§‘¥æ‘®“√≥“ [‡√◊ËÕß
§«“¡¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ] °Á§◊Õ¿æ ∏√√¡Àâ“Õ¬à“ßπ’È„π™“µ‘°àÕπ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°√√¡π—È𠇪ìπ
ªí®®—¬∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ªØ‘ π∏‘„𙓵‘π’È ªØ‘ π∏‘°Á§◊Õ«‘≠≠“≥∑’Ëæ—≤𓇪ìππ“¡√Ÿªæ√âÕ¡
¥â«¬ª√– “∑√—∫§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷° ´÷Ëß°Á°≈“¬‡ªìπÕ“¬µπ–¿“¬πÕ°·≈–¿“¬„π√«¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
ÒÚ Õ¬à“ß ÙÒ
Û¯
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ. çÕÿª √√§·Ààß°“√‡º¬·æ√à∏√√¡é „π Õ–‰√∂Ÿ°Õ–‰√º‘¥, ªÿÉπ ®ßª√–‡ √‘∞ (∫°.)  ¡ÿ∑√ª√“°“√ : Õߧ尓√øóôπøŸæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“,
æ.». ÚıÚı, Àπâ“ ı˜.
Û˘
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ. ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑®“°æ√–‚Õ…∞å. ‰™¬“ : ∏√√¡∑“π¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚÙ Àπâ“ ˜Ù.
Ù
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß, Àπâ“ ˆˆ.
ÙÒ
≠“≥°∂“ ¢ÿ∑∑°π‘°“¬ æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ‡≈à¡∑’Ë ÛÒ §“∂“∑’Ë ˘¯ Àπâ“ Û˘.

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
15
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‰¡à‰¥â¬Õ¡√—∫«à“
§”ªØ‘‡ ∏‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à¢Õß∑à“π
¢— ¥ ·¬â ß °— ∫ ¢â Õ §«“¡∑’Ë ª √“°ØÕ¬à “ ß
™—¥‡®π„πæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°Õ¬à“ß∑’ˬ°¡“
· ¥ß‰«â¢â“ß∫ππ’È π’Ë°Á· ¥ß«à“ À≈—°
π”„π°“√µ’ § «“¡À≈— ° §” Õπµ“¡
·π«„À¡à¢Õß∑à“ππ—Èπ °Á§◊Õ§«“¡ Õ¥
§≈âÕßµâÕß°—π°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’Ë∑à“π‡ÀÁπ«à“‡ªìπ
À≈— ° §” Õπæ◊È π ∞“π„πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“
‰¡à „ ™à § «“¡‡™◊Ë Õ ·∫∫¬÷ ¥ µ‘ ¥ Õ¬Ÿà °— ∫
ª°√≥å„¥ Ê ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
°“√∑’Ë ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ «‘ æ “°…å
«‘®“√≥å·π«§‘¥‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à∑“ß
√à“ß°“¬π’È ‡ªìπ°“√√◊ÈÕøóôπªí≠À“¢âÕ
¬ÿà ß ¬“°∑’Ë ¡’ Õ ¬Ÿà „ πÀ≈— ° §” Õπ¢Õß
æÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“¡“µ—È ß ·µà ‚ ∫√“≥°“≈
π—Ë π §◊ Õ ªí ≠ À“‡√◊Ë Õ ß°“√Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬À≈— °
Õπ— µ µ“„Àâ √—∫ °—∫§«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ‡°’Ë ¬«°—∫
°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à §”∂“¡¡’Õ¬Ÿà«à“ ∂â“¡’°“√
‡°‘¥„À¡à®√‘ß Õ–‰√‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’ˉª‡°‘¥
„π‡¡◊Ë Õ æ√–æÿ ∑ ∏Õß§å µ √—   «à “ ‰¡à ¡’ µ— «
µπÀ√◊ Õ Õ“µ¡— π ∑’Ë ® –‡°‘ ¥ „À¡à ‰ ¥â ?
§”Õ∏‘∫“¬∑’«Ë “à «‘≠≠“≥¡’∑ß—È  à«π∑’ÕË ¬Ÿà
„π√–¥—∫≈÷° (¿«—ߧ«‘≠≠“≥) ·≈– à«π
∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°“√µ“¬°—∫°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à
(ªØ‘ π∏‘«‘≠≠“≥) ¥—ß∑’ˉ¥â°≈à“«∂÷ß
°“√‡°‘¥„À¡àπ’˧◊ÕÕ–‰√°—π·πà? Õ–‰√≈à–∑’ˉª‡°‘¥„À¡à? °“√‡°‘¥∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷ßπ’È
‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∑“ß®‘µ„® ‡ªìπÕ–‰√∫“ßÕ¬à“ß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„𮑵„® ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’˧π‡√“
°àÕ¢÷Èπ„π à«π∑’ˉ¡à‡°’ˬ«°—∫√à“ß°“¬ π’˧◊Õ°“√‡°‘¥„𧫓¡À¡“¬¢Õß¿“…“∏√√¡ÙÙ
ÙÚ
Buddhadasa Bhikkhu. Another Kind of Birth. Trans. R.B. (no further details given). Bangkok: n.p., 1974, 1.
ÙÛ
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß.
ÙÙ
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß, Àπâ“ Ù-ı.
·≈â«π—È𠇪ìπ∑’ˬա√—∫ ◊∫°—π¡“«à“
‰¥â™à«¬·°âªí≠À“π’ȵ°‰ª·≈â« „π°“√
µ’§«“¡‡™àππ’È¡’§”Õ∏‘∫“¬«à“ «‘≠≠“≥
‡ªìπ≈—°…≥–∑’Ë¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à
„π·µà≈–§√—Èß ‰¡à„™à ‘Ëß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ‚¥¬
Õ‘ √‡ √’ ·≈–‰¡à‰¥â¡’µàÕ‡π◊ËÕ߉ªÕ’°
À≈—ß®“°√à“ß°“¬µ“¬·≈â« Õ¬à“߉√
°Áµ“¡ „π√–À«à“ß∑’Ë«‘≠≠“≥Õ¬Ÿà„π
¿“«–¿«—ߧåπ—È𠇪ìπ∑’ˬա√—∫°—π«à“
«‘≠≠“≥ “¡“√∂∂à“¬‚Õπ«‘∫“°°√√¡
®“°™“µ‘Àπ÷Ëß Ÿà™“µ‘∂—¥‰ª‰¥â ‚¥¬∑’Ë
≈— ° …≥–ª√–®”µ— « ∫“ßÕ¬à “ ߢÕß
¿«—ߧ«‘≠≠“≥„𙓵‘°àÕπ “¡“√∂
‰ªª√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà „ π¿«— ß §«‘ ≠ ≠“≥„π
™“µ‘„À¡à‰¥â
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‰¥â
·°âªí≠À“¢âÕ¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ßÕπ—µµ“
°—∫°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à ‚¥¬„™â«‘∏’°“√∑’Ë·µ°
µà“ßÕÕ°‰ªÕ¬à“ß ‘Èπ‡™‘ß §◊Õ‚¥¬∑’Ë
∑à“π𑬓¡§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß ç°“√‡°‘¥é
‡ ’¬„À¡à ∑à“π‰¥âæ—≤π“«‘∏’°“√µ’§«“¡
§”«à“ ç°“√‡°‘¥é ‚¥¬‡πâπ¬È”§” Õπ
¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“∑’Ë«à“ ç§«“¡ ÿ¢∑’Ë
·∑â®√‘߇°‘¥®“°°“√°”®—¥·π«§‘¥º‘¥
‡°’¬Ë «°—∫ ùµ—«°Ÿû (Õ— ¡‘¡“π—  – «‘𖂬
‡Õµ—ß ‡« ª√¡—ß  ÿ¢ß— )éÙÚ ∑à“π𑬓¡
·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
16
ç·π«§‘ ¥ º‘ ¥ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ùµ— « °Ÿ û À√◊ Õ
Õ—µµ“é «à“À¡“¬∂÷ßπ—¬¢Õßµ—«µπµ“¡
∑’˧π‡√“§‘¥‡Õ“‡Õß·≈–§µ‘¬÷¥µ—«‡Õß
‡ªìπ„À≠à∑’Ë¡’¡“æ√âÕ¡°—𠵓¡π‘¬“¡π’È
Õπ—µµ“¡’§«“¡À¡“¬‰¡à‡©æ“–‡æ’¬ß
秫“¡‰¡à„™àµ—«µπé À√◊Õ ç§«“¡‰¡à¡’
·°à π  “√é µ“¡À≈— ° §” Õπ·∫∫
ª√“°Ø°“√≥å «‘ ∑ ¬“‡∑à “ π—È π ·µà ¡’
§«“¡À¡“¬„π‡™‘ ß ®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡«à “
秫“¡‰¡à¬÷¥µ—«‡Õ߇ªìπ„À≠àé À√◊Õ
秫“¡‰¡à ‡ ÀÁ π ·°à µ— « é ¥â « ¬ ∑à “ π
æÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ·ª≈§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”
 Õπ∑’Ë«à“ §«“¡ ÿ¢∑’Ë·∑â®√‘߇°‘¥®“°
°“√°”®—¥·π«§‘¥º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫ çµ—«°Ÿé
‡ ’¬„À¡à«à“ §«“¡∑ÿ°¢å “¡“√∂°”®—¥
‰¥â¥â«¬°“√‡≈‘°¬÷¥∂◊Õµ—«‡Õ߇ªìπ„À≠à
„π∫√‘ ∫ ∑π’È ∑à “ π‰¥â ¬ °æÿ ∑ ∏¿“…‘ µ ∑’Ë
«à“ ç°“√‡°‘¥∑ÿ°§√“«‡ªìπ∑ÿ°¢å√Ë”‰ª
(∑ÿ°¢“ ™“µ‘ ªÿ𗪪ÿπ—ß)éÙÛ ¡“· ¥ß
‰«â¥â«¬ „π∑’Ëπ’È∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ °≈à“«
¬È”«à“ ç°“√‡°‘¥é ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ§π‡√“‡ªìπ
∑ÿ ° ¢å π—È π ‰¡à „ ™à ° “√‡°‘ ¥ ∑“ß√à “ ß°“¬
·µà‡ªìπ°“√‡°‘¥¢Õß·π«§‘¥º‘¥‡°’ˬ«
°—∫ çµ—«°Ÿé ·≈–§«“¡¬÷¥∂◊Õµ—«‡Õß
‡ªìπ„À≠à ∑à“πµ—Èߧ”∂“¡ ·≈–„À⧔
µÕ∫‰«â‡ √Á® √√æ«à“
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

µ“¡√–∫∫§«“¡§‘¥¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ·≈â« §π‡√“®– 燰‘¥„À¡àé ∑ÿ°§√—Èß∑’ˇª≈’Ë¬π§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ‡°’Ë¬«°—∫§«“¡‡ªìπ

µ—«µπÀ√◊Õ‡Õ°≈—°…≥åª√–®”µ—«®“°‡√◊ËÕßÀπ÷Ë߉ª ŸàÕ’°‡√◊ËÕßÀπ÷Ëß ∑à“π°≈à“«‰«â«à“
§”«à“ ç°“√‡°‘¥é À¡“¬§«“¡‡æ’¬ß°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧ√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß Ê ¢Õߧ«“¡
§‘¥‡√◊ËÕß çµ—«°Ÿé ·≈– ç¢Õß°Ÿé ∂Ⓡ√“§‘¥Õ¬à“ß‚®√ ‡√“°Á‡°‘¥‡ªìπ‚®√ ´÷Ëß°ÁÀ¡“¬∂÷ß«à“
‡√“‰¥â‡°‘¥§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß·≈â« ·≈–∑—π∑’∑’ˇ√“°≈—∫¡“§‘¥Õ¬à“ߧπ∏√√¡¥“ ‡√“°Á°≈—∫¡“
‡°‘¥‡ªìπ§π∏√√¡¥“ ´÷Ëß°Á‡ªìπ°“√‡°‘¥Õ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷ËßÙı

π—Ëπ°Á§◊Õ«à“ µ“¡¿“…“∏√√¡·≈â« ∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π ‚¥¬°≈à“««à“ ç°“√ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°°“√À¡¥§«“¡‡ÀÁ π º‘ ¥

°“√∑’ˇ√“ 燰‘¥é ‡ªìπ‚®√°Á§◊Õ°“√∑’Ë
‡√“§‘¥„Àâµ—«‡√“¡’‡Õ°≈—°…≥å‡À¡◊Õπ
Õ¬à“ß‚®√ ·≈–°“√∑’‡Ë √“‡°‘¥‡ªìπ ç§πé
°Á§◊Õ°“√∑’ˇ√“§‘¥„Àâµ—«‡Õ߇ªìπÕ¬à“ß
ç§πé ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ¬—߉¥â·ª≈§«“¡
·π«§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫ 秫“¡µ“¬é ‰«â„π
µ“¬À¡“¬§«“¡«à“ ùµ—«°Ÿû ·≈– ù¢Õß
°Ÿû À¡¥‰ªÕ¬à“ß ‘Èπ‡™‘ßé Ùˆ π—Ëπ§◊Õ
§«“¡µ“¬„π¿“…“∏√√¡‰¡à „ ™à ° “√
 ‘Èπ ÿ¥¢Õß™’«‘µ√à“ß°“¬ ·µà‡ªìπ°“√
 ‘Èπ ÿ¥¢Õß·π«§‘¥º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫§«“¡
‡ªìπµ—«µπ¢Õß·µà≈–§π ¬‘ßË ‰ª°«à“π—πÈ
‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ §«“¡‡ªì π µ— « µπÀ¡“¬∂÷ ß
°“√æâπ®“° ç°“√‡°‘¥„À¡àé ∑’ˇªìπ
µ—«°“√¢Õߧ«“¡∑ÿ°¢å ¥—ßπ—Èπ ¡—π®÷ß
À¡“¬∂÷ß°“√æâπ®“°§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å ´÷Ëß
°Á§◊Õ°“√∫√√≈ÿπ‘ææ“ππ—Ëπ‡Õß ∑à“π
æÿ∑∏∑“ „Àâ¢âÕ —߇°µ‰«â«à“

µ“¡§”查¢Õߧπ‚∫√“≥·≈â« çπ‘ææ“π°Á§Õ◊ µ“¬‡ ’¬°àÕ𵓬...é π—πË °Á§Õ◊ «à“

°‘‡≈ ∑’ˇªìπµ—«°“√∑”„Àâ‡√“§‘¥«à“¡’ çµ—«°Ÿé À√◊Õ ç¢Õß°Ÿé µ“¬‰ª°àÕπ∑’Ë√à“ß°“¬
®–µ“¬ Ù˜

∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‰¥âµ’§«“¡·π«§‘¥ ‡™àπ —ß “√«—Ø À√◊Õ«ß√Õ∫¢Õß°“√ ∏√√¡Õ¬à“߇ªìπ√–∫∫ ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“ß„π

∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à Õ¬à“ß ‡°‘¥„À¡à·≈–§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å ‚¥¬„™â¿“…“ ¢âÕ§«“¡∑’Ë∑à“π°≈à“«‰«â«à“ ∂â“

„π¢≥–„¥¢≥–Àπ÷Ë ß ‡√“‡°‘ ¥ §«“¡§‘ ¥ ‡ªì π çµ— « °Ÿ é - ç¢Õß°Ÿ é „π¢≥–π—È π ‡√“

°Á®–¡’°“√‡°‘¥ ¡’§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å ·≈– —ß “√«—Ø¢÷Èπ∑—π∑’ çµ—«°Ÿé ®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ¥”√ßÕ¬Ÿà
™—Ë«¢≥–Àπ÷Ëß ·≈â«°Á¥—∫‰ª ®“°π—Èπ çµ—«°Ÿé °Á‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¡“„À¡à µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà™—Ë«¢≥–Àπ÷Ëß
·≈â«°Á¥—∫‰ªÕ’°§√—Èß - ´÷Ëß°Á∑”„Àâ°√–∫«π°“√π’ȉ¥â™◊ËÕ‡√’¬°«à“ —ß “√«—Ø Ù¯

¥â « ¬‡Àµÿ ∑’Ë · 𫧑 ¥ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ‡ªìπ°“√‡°‘¥∑“ß√à“ß°“¬ ·≈–‡π◊ËÕß °—π„𧵑¥—È߇¥‘¡¢Õßπ‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑«à“

ç°“√‡°‘¥é „π«ßªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑‰¥â ®“°¿“«–π’È ‡ ªì π µ— « °“√¢Õß∑ÿ ° ¢å „ π °“√¡’‡π◊ÈÕÀπ—ß√à“ß°“¬¬àÕ¡®–‡°’ˬ«
√— ∫ °“√µ’ § «“¡µ“¡·∫∫¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ «à “ ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷߇ªìπ∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ ¢â Õ ß°— ∫ §«“¡∑ÿ ° ¢å Õ ¬à “ ßÀ≈’ ° ‡≈’Ë ¬ ß

Ùı
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ. çÕÿª √√§·Ààß°“√‡º¬·æ√à∏√√¡é „π Õ–‰√∂Ÿ°Õ–‰√º‘¥, ªÿÉπ ®ßª√–‡ √‘∞ (∫°.),  ¡ÿ∑√ª√“°“√ : Õߧ尓√øóôπøŸæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“,
æ.». ÚıÚı, Àπâ“ ˆ.
Ùˆ
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ. §«“¡ ÿ¢∑’Ë·∑â¡’Õ¬Ÿà·µà„πß“π. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°Àπ—ß ◊Õ∏√√¡∫Ÿ™“, æ.». ÚıÚÒ Àπâ“ Òı˜.
Ù˜
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß.
Ù¯
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß. Àπâ“ ˜.

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
17
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

‰¡àæâπ ‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȇÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥®“°°“√∑’Ë √”æ—𠧫“¡‰¡à ∫“¬°“¬ §«“¡‰¡à π—È π ‡ªì π º≈®“°°“√‡°‘ ¥ ¢Õߧ«“¡

§”Õ∏‘∫“¬‡°’¬Ë «°—∫§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å„π§—¡¿’√å
«‘ ÿ∑∏‘¡√√§‰¥â√«¡‡Õ“§«“¡·°à‡®Á∫
µ“¬∑“ß√à“ß°“¬‡¢â“‰«â¥«â ¬¥—ßπ’È ç‡æ√“–
¡’°“√‡°‘¥‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ ®÷ß¡’§«“¡·°à
·≈–§«“¡µ“¬ §«“¡‚»° §«“¡√Ë”‰√
 ∫“¬„® ·≈–§«“¡§—∫·§âπ„® π—Ëπ§◊Õ ¬÷¥∂◊Õµ—«‡Õ߇ªì𠔧—≠‡∑à“π—Èπ ‰¡à„™à
¡’§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å∑—Èß¡«≈‡°‘¥¢÷Èπé Ù˘ º≈¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥∑“ß√à“ß°“¬ ¥—ßπ—Èπ
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  ∑à“π®÷ß𑬓¡§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å«à“‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß
‡ÀÁ π «à “ §«“¡∑ÿ ° ¢å Õ— 𠇪ì π ¿“«–∑’Ë ¢Õß®‘ µ „®‚¥¬‡©æ“– ¥— ß ¢â Õ §«“¡
æÿ∑∏»“ π“ Õπ„Àâ‡√“‡Õ“™π–„À≥⠵àÕ‰ªπ’È

§π‡√“‡°‘¥∑“ß√à“ß°“¬§√—È߇¥’¬«·≈â«°Áµ“¬§√—È߇¥’¬« ·µàÕ“®®–‡°‘¥·≈–
µ“¬∑“ß®‘µ„®‰¥âÀ≈“¬ Ê §√—Èß ·¡â·µà„π«—π‡¥’¬« ‡√“°ÁÕ“®‡°‘¥·≈–µ“¬‰¥â
À≈“¬√Õ∫ ...·≈–„π·µà≈–§√—Èß [∑’Ë¡’°“√‡°‘¥∑“ß®‘µ„®] ¡—π°Á§◊Õ∑ÿ°¢å ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È
§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷ß„πÀ≈—°§” Õπ∑“ß∏√√¡–®÷ßÀ¡“¬∂÷ߧ«“¡∑ÿ°¢å∑“ß„® ı

π—Ë π §◊ Õ ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ‡ÀÁ π «à “ ‡Õ“§«“¡À¡“¬·Ωߥâ“π≈∫ÕÕ°‰ª ¢Õß‚≈°π’È·≈–™’«‘µ„𙓵‘π’È«à“ ‡ªìπ

§«“¡∑ÿ ° ¢å ‡ æ’ ¬ ßÕ¬à “ ߇¥’ ¬ «∑’Ë ¡’ π— ¬
 ”§—≠∑“ß»“ π“°Á§Õ◊ §«“¡∑ÿ°¢å∑“ß
„®À√◊Õ‚√§∑“ß„® ∑à“π‰¡à‰¥âªØ‘‡ ∏
§«“¡ ”§— ≠ ¢Õß∑ÿ ° ¢å ∑ “ß°“¬ ·µà
∑à“π‰¡à∂◊Õ«à“‡√◊ËÕßπ’È¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠„π
·ßà¢Õß»“ π“ §«“¡À¡“¬°Á§◊Õ«à“
‡π◊ËÕß®“°§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å∑“ß°“¬¡’ “‡Àµÿ
Õ¬Ÿà„π‚≈°∑“ß«—µ∂ÿ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ®÷ß
∂◊Õ«à“°“√∫√√‡∑“∑ÿ°¢å∑“ß°“¬ “¡“√∂
„™â«‘∏’∑“ß«—µ∂ÿ‰¥â ‚¥¬‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕß
Õ“»— ¬ «‘ ∏’ ∑ “ß»“ π“À√◊ Õ ∑“ß®‘ µ „®
 √ÿª·≈â« „π√–∫∫¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  °“√‡≈‘ ° ∏√√¡‡π’ ¬ ¡π’È ® –∑”‰¥â ¥â « ¬
π—È𠧫“¡∑ÿ°¢å∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°Õ«‘™™“µ“¡
π— ¬ ∑“ß»“ π“‰¡à ∂◊ Õ «à “ √«¡Õ¬Ÿà °— ∫
°“√‡°‘¥∑“ß√à“ß°“¬Õ¬à“ßÀ≈’°‰¡àæâπ
∑à“π‡ÀÁπ«à“°“√‡°‘¥¡’√à“ß°“¬Õ¬Ÿà„π
‚≈°·Àà ß «— µ ∂ÿ „ ™à «à “ ®–‡ªì π  ∂“π–∑’Ë
∫°æ√àÕ߇ ¡Õ‰ª °“√∑’Ë∑à“π‰¥â¢®—¥
®“°°“√‡°‘¥¡’√à“ß°“¬¢÷Èπ„π‚≈°·Ààß
«— µ ∂ÿ ‡ ™à π π’È π— ∫ «à “ ‡ªì π  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë  ”§— ≠
∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‘ËßÀπ÷Ëß„π√–∫∫°“√µ’§«“¡·∫∫
„À¡à¢Õß∑à“π ‡Àµÿº≈¢Õ߇√◊ËÕßπ’È´÷Ëß
ºŸâ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π®–°≈à “ «∂÷ ß Õ’ ° „π∫∑À≈— ß Ê
¡’ Õ ¬Ÿà «à “ ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ª√– ß§å ® –
¬°‡≈‘ ° ∏√√¡‡π’ ¬ ¡¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ „ππ‘ ° “¬
‡∂√«“∑ ∑’Ë·¬°∫∑∫“∑™“«æÿ∑∏ÕÕ°
‡ªìπ¶√“«“ ºŸâ¢âÕ߇°’ˬ«Õ¬Ÿà°—∫‡√◊ËÕß
∑“ß‚≈°ΩÉ“¬Àπ÷Ëß °—∫Õ’°ΩÉ“¬Àπ÷Ëߧ◊Õ
æ√–¿‘°…ÿºŸâµ—¥¢“¥®“°‡√◊ËÕß∑“ß‚≈°
°“√¬Õ¡„Àâ¶√“«“  “¡“√∂ªØ‘∫—µ‘
∏√√¡µ“¡·∫∫∑’Ëæ√–¿‘°…ÿ‡§¬ªØ‘∫—µ‘
¡“·µà ‡ ¥‘ ¡ ·≈–°“√„Àâ §ÿ ≥ §à “ ∑“ß®‘ µ
«‘≠≠“≥·°àß“π∑’˶√“«“ ∑”Õ¬Ÿà„π
 —ߧ¡
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ·ª≈§«“¡À¡“¬
Õ“≥“∫√‘ ‡ «≥„𧫓¡Àà « ß„¬¢Õß
æÿ∑∏»“ π“ ·≈–‡ªìπ ∂“π∑’Ë ”À√—∫
∫”‡æÁ ≠ µπ„Àâ æâ π ∑ÿ ° ¢å µ“¡¢π∫
ª√–‡æ≥’·≈â« §”«à“ ç‚≈°é „πÀ≈—°
§” Õπ„πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“®–À¡“¬∂÷ ß
‚≈°„π∑“ß«—µ∂ÿÕ¬Ÿà‚¥¬ª√‘¬“¬ §◊Õ
‚≈°∑’Ë ‡ ªì 𠥑 𠇪ì π À‘ π √«¡∑—È ß  ‘Ë ß ∑—È ß
À≈“¬∑—Èߪ«ß∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„π‚≈° §”
§”π’È ¬— ß „™â „ 𧫓¡À¡“¬¢Õß‚≈°
Õ◊Ë π Ê Õ¬à“߇™àπ «√√§å·≈–π√°Õ’°
¥â«¬ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ §”«à“ ç‚≈°é „π
§µ‘∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“¬—ß¡’§«“¡À¡“¬
Õ’ ° Õ¬à “ ßÀπ÷Ë ß ´÷Ë ß ‡°’Ë ¬ «¢â Õ ß°— ∫ ·ßà ¡ÿ ¡
∑’ˇªìπ≈∫ §◊Õ§«“¡‰¡à‡∑’ˬ߷∑â·≈–
§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å ·µà‡√“§«√µ—ÈߢâÕ —߇°µ
«à “ ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ‰¥â µ’ § «“¡§”«à “
ç‚≈°é µ“¡·∫∫¿“…“∏√√¡¢Õß∑à“π
‰«â¥ß— π’È

Ù˘
Buddhaghosa. The Path of Purification›Visuddhimagga. Translated by Bhikkhy Nanamoli. 4th ed., Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist
Publication Society, 1979, XVII, 2.
ı
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ. ¥«ßµ“∑’ˇÀÁπ∏√√¡. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°Àπ—ß ◊Õ∏√√¡∫Ÿ™“. æ.». ÚıÒÒ Àπâ“ ˘.

æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
18
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

„π¿“…“∏√√¡ §”«à“ ç‚≈°é À¡“¬∂÷ß ∂“π–¢Õß®‘µ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡§‘¥·∫∫‚≈° Ê

‡ªìπ¢—ÈπµÕπ¢Õßæ—≤π“°“√∑“ߧ«“¡§‘¥∑’ˇªìπ·∫∫‚≈°‘¬–... ‡ªìπ¿“«–∑’ˉ¡à‡∑’ˬß
·∑â∂“«√ ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ·≈–‰¡àπà“æÕ„® (§◊Õ‡ªì𧫓¡∑ÿ°¢å)... ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷߇ªìπ∑’Ë
°≈à“«°—π«à“ ç‚≈°é §◊Õ¿“«–∑’ˉ¡àπà“æÕ„® (§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å) À√◊Õ¿“«–∑’ˉ¡àπà“æÕ„®
°Á§◊Õ‚≈° ıÒ

„πº≈ß“π¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ π—Èπ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ·ª≈§«“¡ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª- ∂÷ß°“√°àÕ°”‡π‘¥¢÷πÈ ¢Õß —µ«å∑ß—È À≈“¬

‰¡à ª √“°Ø‡≈¬«à “ ∑à “ π¡Õß°‘ ® °√√¡
∑“ß‚≈°„π·ßà ≈ ∫Õ¬à “ ß∑’Ë ¡’ „ 𧵑 ¥—È ß
‡¥‘ ¡ ¢Õßæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“π‘ ° “¬‡∂√«“∑
∑à“π‰¥â≈¥™—Èπ°‘®°√√¡∑“ß®‘µ„𧵑
‡¥‘¡¢Õßæÿ∑∏»“ π“≈ß¡“ ®“°√–¥—∫
®—°√«“≈ Ÿà√–¥—∫®‘µ«‘∑¬“ ´÷Ëß°ÁÀ¡“¬
∂÷ ß «à “ ™’ «‘ µ „π∑“ß«— µ ∂ÿ ¢ Õߧπ‡√“π’È
Õ“®√Õ¥æâπ®“°∑ÿ°¢å (∑“ß„®) ‰¥â
·≈–°“√∑’˧π‡√“®– “¡“√∂æâπ∑ÿ°¢å
‰¥âπ—Èπ ‡√“‰¡àµâÕß∑”°‘®°√√¡Õ◊Ëπ„¥
¿“¬πÕ°Õ“≥“‡¢µ¢Õß®‘µ„®√–À«à“ß
∑’Ë„™â™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà„π‚≈°∑“ß«—µ∂ÿ °≈à“«Õ’°
Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ °“√µ’§«“¡À≈—°§”
 Õπ„πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“π‘ ° “¬‡∂√«“∑
‡ ’¬„À¡àµ“¡·π«¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√„Àâ § «“¡À¡“¬„À¡à
¡’π—¬«à“ ‚≈°∑“ß«—µ∂ÿ∑’Ëπ’Ë·≈–‡¥’ά«π’È
‡ªì π ¡≥±≈‡æ’ ¬ ß·Àà ß ‡¥’ ¬ « ”À√— ∫
°‘ ® °√√¡∑“ß®‘ µ «‘ ≠ ≠“≥„πæÿ ∑ ∏-
»“ π“ ·≈–‡ªìπÕ“≥“‡¢µ‡æ’¬ß·Ààß
‡¥’¬«∑’§Ë π‡√“®–‰¥â√∫— ª√–‚¬™π嵓à ß Ê
®“°°‘®°√√¡¥—ß°≈à“« Õ—π‰¥â·°à °“√
√Ÿâ·®âß·≈–°“√∫√√≈ÿπ‘ææ“π °“√∑’Ë
∫“∑‡ ’¬„À¡à ªØ‘‡ ∏‡√◊ÕË ß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à
Õ’°∑—ßÈ ‡πâπ¿“«–¢Õß®‘µ„®∑’πË ·’Ë ≈–‡¥’¬Î «
π’È®÷߇∑à“°—∫«à“∑à“π‰¥â«“ß√“°∞“π„Àâ
·°à°“√µ’§«“¡À≈—°§” Õπ„πæÿ∑∏-
»“ π“µ“¡·∫∫∑’Ë ç§«√·°à‚≈°é À√◊Õ
‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫ —ߧ¡¡“°°«à“‡¥‘¡ ·∑â
∑’Ë®√‘ß·≈â« °“√µ’§«“¡∑ƒ…Æ’∑“ß®‘µ
«‘≠≠“≥µ“¡·π«„À¡à¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏
∑“ π—Èπ  ◊∫µàÕ‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß„π√–¥—∫æ◊Èπ
∞“π°—∫∑ƒ…Æ’ —ߧ¡¢Õß∑à“π ¥—ß∑’Ë
ºŸâ‡¢’¬π®–«‘‡§√“–Àå„π∫∑µà“ß Ê ∑’Ë®–
¡’µ“¡¡“
§”«‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å æÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ¿‘ ° ¢ÿ
¢Õß ç°“√‡°‘¥é
∫√√¥“π—°Õ¿‘∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬µà“ß‚µâ·¬âß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ Õ¬à“ß
√ÿπ·√ß ‡¡◊ËÕ∑à“π„À⧫“¡À¡“¬„À¡à
¢Õߧ”«à“ ç°“√‡°‘¥é ·≈– ç°“√‡°‘¥
„À¡àé µ“¡·∫∫¿“…“∏√√¡ Õπ—πµå
‡ π“¢—π∏å ¬◊π¬—π«à“ ç°“√‡°‘¥ À¡“¬
µ“¡ª√–‡¿∑¢Õß¿æ¿Ÿ¡‘µà“ß Ê √«¡
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ÛÒ ª√–‡¿∑é ıÚ ´÷Ëß°Á π—∫
 πÿ π ®— ° √«“≈«‘ ∑ ¬“„πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“
·∫∫¥—È߇¥‘¡ ∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷ß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à
„π «√√§å · ≈–π√°™—È π µà “ ß Ê µ“¡
∫ÿ ≠ ·≈–∫“ª∑’Ë § π‡√“‰¥â ∑”‰«â °à Õ π
∫ÿ § §≈∑’Ë ‡ ÀÁ π ¥â « ¬°— ∫ Õπ— π µå § πÀπ÷Ë ß
´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π  ¡“™‘ ° Õ“«ÿ ‚  ¢ÕßÕ¿‘ ∏ √√¡
¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ §◊Õ ∫ÿ≠¡’ ‡¡∏“ß°Ÿ√ °≈à“«
‡ √‘¡«à“ ç∂â“«ß√Õ∫¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥·≈–
°“√µ“¬ [§◊Õ —ß “√«—Ø] ‰¡à‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß
°—∫ —µ«å∑’ˉª‡°‘¥„π∫√√¥“‚≈°µà“ß Ê
·≈â«≈–°Á æÿ∑∏»“ π“°Á§ßµ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà‰¡à
‰¥âé ıÛ „𧔰≈à“«π’È ∫ÿ≠¡’À¡“¬∂÷ß
ª√–‡¥Áπ Ú Õ¬à“ß §◊Õª√–‡¥Áπ·√°
‡¢“„À⧫“¡À¡“¬«à“ ∂â“«—Ø ß “√
‰¡à¡’®√‘ß·≈â« ·≈– ç∂Ⓡ√“‡°‘¥·≈â«
µ“¬Àπ‡¥’¬«‚¥¬‰¡à‡°‘¥„À¡à ‡√“°Á‰¡à
®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ Õ’ ° ∑—È ß §”
 Õπ¢Õßæ√–Õߧå°Á‰√⧫“¡À¡“¬éıÙ
ª√–‡¥Á π ∑’Ë Ú ∫ÿ ≠ ¡’ ™’È π— ¬ «à “ ∂â “
 —ß “√«—ØÕ—π‡ªìπª√“°Ø°“√≥å∑“ß

ıÒ
Buddhadasa Bhikkhu. Two Kinds of Language. Trans. Ariyananda Bhikkhu. Bangkok: n.p., 1974, 15.
ıÚ
Õπ—πµå ‡ π“¢—π∏å (∫°.), §” Õπ‡¥’¬√∂’¬å. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õߧ尓√æ‘∑—°…åæÿ∑∏»“ π“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚÚ Àπâ“ Ù.
ıÛ
∫ÿ≠¡’ ‡¡∏“ß°Ÿ√. ‚µâ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‡√◊ËÕß®‘µ«à“ß ‡≈à¡ Ò. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õߧ尓√æ‘∑—°…åæÿ∑∏»“ π“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚÚ Àπâ“ ı˜.
ıÙ
∫ÿ≠¡’ ‡¡∏“ß°Ÿ√. ç¿‘°…ÿºŸâ∑”≈“¬æÿ∑∏»“ π“é „π §” Õπ‡¥’¬√∂’¬å, Õπ—πµå ‡ π“¢—π∏å (∫°.), °√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õߧ尓√æ‘∑—°…åæÿ∑∏»“ π“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡
¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚÚ Àπâ“ ˘Ú.

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
19
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

Õ¿‘ª√—™≠“π—Èπ¡’®√‘ß ·µà∫ÿ§§≈Õ¬à“ß
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ °≈—∫ªØ‘‡ ∏«à“‰¡à¡’‡ ’¬
·≈â« §«“¡‡ÀÁπº‘¥‡™àππ’È°Á®–™—°π”
„À℧√ Ê ‡≈‘°· «ßÀ“§«“¡À≈ÿ¥æâπ
®“° —ß “√«—Ø ‰¡àµâÕß°≈à“«∂÷ß«à“®–
¡’ „ §√À≈ÿ ¥ æâ π «ß«ππ’È ‰ ¥â ‡  ’ ¬ ¥â « ¬´È”
‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡ªì 𠇙à π π’È æÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“°Á ‰ ¡à ™à « ¬
„À℧√æâπ∑ÿ°¢å‰¥â ·≈–‡∑à“°—∫‡ªì π
»“ π“∑’ˉ√⧫“¡À¡“¬π—Ëπ‡Õß
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ §”°≈à“«¢ÕßÕπ—πµå
·≈–∫ÿ≠¡’∑’Ë‚µâ·¬âß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ π—Èπ
¬—ß¡’π—¬Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß∑’ˉ¡àµ√߇ªÑ“‡ ’¬∑’
‡¥’¬« ‡æ√“–µ“¡§«“¡®√‘ß·≈â« ∑à“π
æÿ∑∏∑“ ‰¡à‰¥âªØ‘‡ ∏‡ ’¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥«à“
‰¡à¡’°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à ·µà∑à“π‡ÀÁπ«à“°“√
‡°‘¥∑“ß√à“ß°“¬‰¡à§àÕ¬ ”§—≠‡∑à“°—∫
‡√◊ËÕߢÕß®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥µ“¡À≈—°æÿ∑∏-
»“ π“ ∑à“π°≈à“««à“

∂Ⓡ√“ “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡°‘¥ [¢Õß çµ—«°Ÿé] ·∫∫π’ȉ¥â∑’Ëπ’Ë·≈–‡¥’ά«π’È ‡√“°Á

®– “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡°‘¥∑’Ë®–¡’¡“¿“¬À≈—ß°“√µ“¬∑“ß√à“ß°“¬‰¥â¥â«¬ ¥—ßπ—Èπ
Õ¬à“‡ªìπÀà«ß‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡°‘¥∑’Ë¡’À≈—ß®“°µ“¬·≈â« ·µà¢Õ„Àâ‡√“‡Õ“®√‘߇Փ®—ß°—∫‡√◊ËÕß
°“√‡°‘¥∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà°àÕπ°“√µ“¬∑“ß√à“ß°“¬π’Ë¥’°«à“ ıı

¥—ßπ—πÈ ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«“à ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  ∑”„Àâ § π‡√“µâ Õ ß‰ª‡°‘ ¥ „À¡à °Á µ “¡ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ∑à“π‰¡à‰¥â查ÕÕ°¡“

‰¡à‰¥âªØ‘‡ ∏‡√◊ËÕߢÕß°√√¡∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°
°“√°√–∑”„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂ àß
Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ„𙓵‘Àπâ“
‰¥â Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ∑à“π‰¥â‡ª≈’ˬπ®ÿ¥
‡πâπ¢Õßæÿ∑∏»“ π“‡ ’¬„À¡à ‚¥¬°“√
π‘ ¬ “¡„Àâ À ≈— ° §” Õπ¢Õß»“ π“π’È
‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫™’«‘µ„𙓵‘π’ȇ撬ßÕ¬à“ß
‡¥’¬« ∑à“π¬—ߧߥ”√ߧ«“¡‡™◊ËÕ·∫∫
¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√‡°‘ ¥ „À¡à ∑ “ß
√à“ß°“¬‡Õ“‰«â‚¥¬°≈à“««à“ °“√∑”¥’
„𙓵‘π®’È – àߺ≈„À♓µ‘Àπâ“¥’‰ª¥â«¬
¥—ßπ—Èπ ¢âÕ¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß∂âÕ¬§”¥—ß
°≈à “ «¢Õß∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ∑’Ë ¬ Õ¡√— ∫
«à“°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à¡’®√‘ß °—∫§”查¢Õß
∑à “ π∑’Ë ºŸâ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π‡§¬¬°¡“· ¥ß §◊ Õ
ç§π‡√“‡°‘ ¥ ∑“ß√à “ ß°“¬‡æ’ ¬ ߧ√—È ß
‡¥’¬«é ®÷߇ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߺ‘«‡º‘π ∂Ⓣ¡à¡’
Õ“µ¡—πÀ√◊Õ«‘≠≠“≥∑’Ë®–‰ª‡°‘¥„À¡à
Õ¬à“ß∑’ËÀ≈—°§” Õπ‡√◊ËÕßÕπ—µµ“∫Õ°
‰«â·≈â« ·¡â«à“°“√°√–∑”„𙓵‘π’È®–
§π∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ „À¡à °Á ‰ ¡à „ ™à § π‡¥‘ ¡ „𙓵‘
°àÕπ °≈à“«Õ¬à“ß®”‡æ“–‡®“–®ß°Á§◊Õ
«à“ §π·µà≈–§π∑’ˇªìπªí®‡®°∫ÿ§§≈
Àπ÷Ë ß ‡¥’ ¬ «π—È π ‡°‘ ¥ ∑“ß√à “ ß°“¬Àπ
‡¥’¬« ‡æ√“–Õ—µµ“À√◊Õªí®‡®°¿“«–
‰¡à “¡“√∂¢â“¡æâ𙓵‘ΩÉ“¬√Ÿª∏√√¡
™“µ‘„¥™“µ‘Àπ÷Ëß‚¥¬‡©æ“–‰ª‰¥â
∂÷ß°√–π—πÈ ‡√“µâÕ߬ա√—∫°—π«à“
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‰¥â∑”‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˇ ’ˬßÕ¬à“ß
¡“°°—∫§«“¡º‘¥æ≈“¥„π‡™‘ß∑ƒ…Æ’
¥â « ¬°“√∑’Ë ∑à “ π‡¥‘ π Õ¬Ÿà ∫ π‡ â π ·∫à ß
√–À«à “ ß°“√ªØ‘ ‡  ∏°— ∫ °“√¬Õ¡√— ∫
‡√◊ÕË ß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à∑“ß√à“ß°“¬ ∑à“π‰¥â
µ‘ µ‘ ß °“√∑’Ë æ √–æÿ ∑ ∏‚¶…“®“√¬å „ ™â
ªØ‘®® ¡ÿª∫“∑‡æ◊ËÕÕ∏‘∫“¬‡√◊ËÕß°“√
‡°‘¥„À¡à „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π∑à“π°Á°≈à“«
«à “ ç°“√‡°‘ ¥ é 秫“¡µ“¬é ·≈–
ç«—Ø®—°√¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥·≈–§«“¡µ“¬é
„πæ√–‰µ√ªî Æ °¢Õßæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“
π—È𠧫√µ’§«“¡„π‡™‘ß‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫
Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π·®à¡·®âß«à“ ∑à“πªØ‘‡ ∏
‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à∑“ß√à“ß°“¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ
∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ªØ‘ ‡  ∏§”µ’ § «“¡
ªØ‘ ® ® ¡ÿ ª ∫“∑¢Õßæ√–æÿ ∑ ∏-
‚¶…“®“√¬å ‰ ª·≈â « ∑à “ π°Á ‰ ¡à ¡’ ¢â Õ
Õâ “ ßÕ‘ ß „π∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’ ∑’Ë ® –„™â Õ ∏‘ ∫ “¬
°≈‰°¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à ·≈–‰¡à¡’∑“ß
ÕÕ° ”À√—∫§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß°“√
¥”√ßÀ≈— ° §” Õπ‡√◊Ë Õ ßÕπ— µ µ“°— ∫
°“√¬Õ¡√—∫«à“°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à¡’‰¥â®√‘ß
∂÷ß°√–π—Èπ ∑à“π°Á‰¡à‰¥â‡ªìπÀà«ß‡√◊ËÕß
§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß„π∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’¥—ß°≈à“«
π’È·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥  —߇°µ®“°°“√∑’Ë∑à“π
¬◊π¬—π«à“ æÿ∑∏»“ π“‡πâπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕß
™’ «‘ µ ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ∑’Ë π’Ë · ≈–‡¥’Î ¬ «π’È ‡ ∑à “ π—È π
¥—ßπ—Èπ ∑à“π®÷߉¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕßÀ“∑“ß
·°âª≠ í À“¢âÕ¬ÿßà ¬“°∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’∑∑’Ë “à π
‰¥â𑬓¡‰ª·≈â««à“ Õ¬ŸàπÕ°¢Õ∫¢à“¬
§«“¡ π„®¢Õß∑à“π

ıı
Buddhadasa Bhikkhu. Another Kind of Birth. Trans. R.B. (no further details given). Bangkok: n.p., 1974, 19.

æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
20
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

∂÷ ß ·¡â «à “ ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ®–‰¥â °“√‡°‘¥„À¡à¬—߇ªìπ·π«§‘¥‡™‘ß∑ƒ…Æ’ „π‚ªØ∞ª“∑ Ÿµ√ æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“µ√— 

π‘ ¬ “¡¢Õß¢à “ ¬§«“¡‡°’Ë ¬ «¢â Õ ß¢Õß
∑à “ π‰«â Õ ¬à “ ß™— ¥ ‡®π ‚¥¬°≈à “ ««à “
æÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“ Õπ‡√◊Ë Õ ß°“√æâ π ∑ÿ ° ¢å
„π™’«‘µªí®®ÿ∫—π∑’Ëπ’Ë·≈–‡¥’ά«π’È°Áµ“¡
∑à “ π°Á ‰ ¡à Õ “®ªØ‘ ‡  ∏‡√◊Ë Õ ß°“√‡°‘ ¥
„À¡à ‰ ¥â Õ ¬à “ ß ‘È π ‡™‘ ß ‡æ√“–„πæ√–
 ÿµµ—πµªîÆ°¡’¢âÕ§«“¡®”π«π¡“°
∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷߇√◊ËÕßπ’È ·≈–·∑â∑’Ë®√‘ß·≈â«
∑’Ë  ”§— ≠ „π‚§√ß √â “ ß∑“ߧ«“¡§‘ ¥
¢Õßæÿ∑∏»“ π“Õ’°¥â«¬
¢â Õ §«“¡∫“ßµÕπ„πæ√– ÿ µ -
µ—πµªîÆ°π—Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“·¬°®“°
°—π‡ªìπµÕπ Ê ®–™’È·π–‰ª„π∑”πÕß
«à “ æ√–æÿ ∑ ∏‡®â “ ‰¡à ∑ √ß π— ∫  πÿ π „Àâ
 “«°‡™◊ËÕ‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à À√◊Õ‰¡à
∑√߇πâπ‡√◊ËÕß™“µ‘Àπâ“ ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“ß
«à“ 祟°àÕπ‚ªØ∞ª“∑– ‡√◊ËÕ߇À≈à“π’È
‡√“‰¡à “¡“√∂ °”Àπ¥„Àâ·πà™—¥‰¥â
§◊ Õ À≈— ß ®“°∑’Ë µ “¬‰ª·≈â «  — µ «å ∑—È ß
À≈“¬®–‡°‘¥„À¡àÕ’°À√◊Õ‰¡à‡°‘¥„À¡à
Õ’°é ıˆ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ‚ªØ∞ª“∑–°√“∫∑Ÿ≈
∂“¡«à“∑”‰¡®÷߉¡àÕ“®°”Àπ¥„Àâ·πà
™—¥ æ√–æÿ∑∏Õߧå°Á∑√ßµÕ∫«à“

¥Ÿ°àÕπ‚ªØ∞ª“∑– ‡æ√“–‡√◊ËÕßπ—Èπ‰¡à¡’§«“¡À¡“¬ ‰¡à‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫∏√√¡–

‰¡à„™àÕ“∑‘·Ààßæ√À¡®√√¬å ‰¡à‡ªìπ‰ª‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡Àπà“¬ [®“°‚≈°‘¬–] §«“¡¥—∫°‘‡≈ 
§«“¡ ß∫√–ß—∫ ªí≠≠“∑’Ë Ÿß¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ °“√∑”„Àâ·®âß ·≈–æ√–π‘ææ“π ¥â«¬‡Àµÿ
‡À≈à“π’È ‡√“®÷߉¡àÕ“®°”Àπ¥ [‡√◊ËÕßπ’È] „Àâ·πà™—¥‰¥â ı˜

‚ªØ∞ª“∑ Ÿ µ √π’È ·  ¥ß∂÷ ß ¢â Õ
§«“¡„πæ√–‰µ√ªî Æ °∑’Ë ¬◊ π ¬— π «à “
æ√–æÿ∑∏Õߧå∑√߇πâπ‡√◊ËÕߪ√–‚¬™πå
„π‚≈°π’È §◊Õª√–‚¬™πå„π∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘
∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√¥—∫∑ÿ°¢å  Ÿµ√π’Ȭ—߬◊π¬—π
¥â«¬«à“ æ√–æÿ∑∏Õߧ剡à∑√ß πæ√–
∑— ¬ ∑’Ë ® –· ¥ß∑“߇≈◊ Õ °Õ◊Ë π  ”À√— ∫
°√–∫«π°“√‡°‘ ¥ „À¡à Õ ¬à “ ß∑’Ë æ √–
æÿ∑∏‚¶…“®“√¬å°≈à“«∂÷ß ∑à“πæÿ∑∏-
∑“ ‡¥‘ 𠵓¡·π«¢Õßæ√–æÿ ∑ ∏‡®â “
„π·ßà ∑’Ë ∑à “ π‡ÀÁ π «à “ °“√∂°ªí ≠ À“
‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß°“√Ωñ°„™â
¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“∑’ˉ¡à‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß‚¥¬µ√ß°—∫
‡ªÑ“À¡“¬„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ¥—∫∑ÿ°¢å
·≈–Õ¬ŸàπÕ°¢Õ∫¢à“¬§«“¡ π„®¢Õß
æÿ∑∏»“ π“ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ‡√“µâÕß
æ‘ ® “√≥“µ— « Õ¬à “ ߢâ Õ §«“¡∑’Ë ¬ °¡“
· ¥ß¢â “ ß∫ππ’È ‡ ∑’ ¬ ∫°— ∫ ¢â Õ §«“¡
Õ◊Ë π Ê Õ’°¡“°„πæ√– ÿµµ—πµªîÆ°
∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷ß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à∑“ß√à“ß°“¬
·≈–‚≈°Àπâ“ Õ¬à“߇™àπ„𠪓¬“-
 ‘√“™—≠≠ Ÿµ√ı¯ ¡’¢Õâ §«“¡«à“ §«“¡
‰¡à‡™◊ËÕ‡√◊ËÕß°√√¡ °“√‡°‘¥„À¡à ·≈–
‚≈°Àπâ“ ®—¥‡ªìπ¡‘®©“∑‘Ø∞‘ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
Õÿª √√§·°à°“√¬Õ¡√—∫§” Õπ¢Õß
æ√–æÿ∑∏Õߧå‡√◊ËÕß°“√¥—∫∑ÿ°¢å
∂÷ß°√–π—È𠧵‘∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“
¬—ߧ߮”‡ªìπµâÕߥ”√߇√◊ËÕß°“√‡°‘¥
„À¡à‡Õ“‰«â ∂⓬ա√—∫°—π«à“ °√√¡
·≈– —ߢ“√π—Èπ —Ëß ¡‰¥â®√‘ß ·≈–∂â“
º≈°√√¡À√◊Õ«‘∫“°ª√“°Ø¢÷Èπ‰¥â‰¡à
À¡¥„𙓵‘π’È·≈â« °Á®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’°“√
‡°‘ ¥ „À¡à Õ’ ° ‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ° √√¡„𙓵‘ π’È
√«¡∑—Èß°√√¡‡°à“∑’˵°§â“ß¡“®“°™“µ‘
°àÕπ Ê ‰¥âª√“°Øº≈®πÀ¡¥ ‘Èπ ∂â“
‰¡à¡’°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à æÿ∑∏»“ π“®–‰¡à
 “¡“√∂Õ”π«¬§«“¡¬ÿ µ‘ ∏ √√¡∑“ß
»’≈∏√√¡‰¥â ·≈–®–‰¡à “¡“√∂Õ∏‘∫“¬
‰¥â«à“ ‡Àµÿ„¥§π∫“ߧπ∑”¥’·≈⫉¥â
º≈√⓬ À√◊Õ∑”‰¡§π∫“ߧπ∑”™—Ë«
·≈â«°≈—∫‰¥â¥’ ∑—Èß Ê ∑’Ë°Æ·Ààß°√√¡
∫Õ°‰«â «à “ §π∑”¥’ ® –‰¥â √— ∫ º≈¥’ · ≈–
§π∑”™—Ë«®–‰¥â√—∫º≈√⓬ ¥â«¬‡Àµÿ∑’Ë
∫“ߧ√—Èß°“√°√–∑”¢Õߧπ‡√“„𙓵‘
π’Ȭ—߉¡à„Àâº≈∑’˪√“°Ø™—¥Õ¬à“ß∑—π∑’
∑—π„¥µ“¡À≈—°»’≈∏√√¡ æÿ∑∏»“ π“
®÷ßµâÕß¡’§µ‘‡°’ˬ«°—∫™“µ‘ÀπⓇՓ‰«â
‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâº≈¢Õß°√√¡¥’ °√√¡™—Ë« À√◊Õ
°√√¡∑’ˇªìπ°≈“ß ∑’˧π‡√“‡®µπ“∑”
„π‰«â ™ “µ‘ π’È ‰¥â¡’‚Õ°“ ª√“°Ø¢÷Èπ
°“√‡°‘ ¥ „À¡à ‡ ªì π À≈— ° °“√∑’Ë ®”‡ªì π

ıˆ
‚ªØ∞ª“∑ Ÿµ√ ∑’¶π‘°“¬ æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ‡≈à¡∑’Ë ˘ §“∂“∑’Ë Ú˘Ú Àπâ“ Ú˜.
ı˜
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß.
ı¯
ª“¬“ ‘√“™—≠≠ Ÿµ√ ∑’¶π‘°“¬ æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ‡≈à¡∑’Ë Ò §“∂“∑’Ë ÛÒ-ÛÛ Àπâ“ ÚÛÙ-Úˆ.

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
21
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
 ”À√—∫æÿ∑∏»“ π“ ∑—Èßπ’È°Á‡æ◊ËÕ∑”„Àâ
√–∫∫∑“ß»’ ≈ ∏√√¡·≈–®‘ µ «‘ ≠ ≠“≥
∑—Èß√–∫∫„π»“ π“π’È¡’‡Àµÿº≈ ¥â«¬
‡Àµÿ∑’Ë·π«§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫°√√¡ —¡æ—π∏å
°—∫°“√‡°‘¥„À¡àÕ¬à“ß„°≈♑¥ ®÷߉¡à„™à
‡√◊ËÕß∫—߇Ց≠∑’Ë·π«§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫°√√¡
·≈–§«“¡∑ÿ ° ¢å ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ®“°°√√¡‡°à “
‰¥â∂Ÿ°≈¥∫∑∫“∑≈߉ªÕ¬à“ß¡“°„π
√–∫∫§«“¡§‘ ¥ ¢Õß∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“  ∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ ∑à “ π‡Õß∂Ÿ ° «‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å
´÷Ë߇πâπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕß™“µ‘π’È¡“°°«à“™“µ‘
Õ◊Ë π Ê ºŸâ‡¢’¬π®–°≈à“«∂÷ß∑—»π–¢Õß
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡√◊ËÕß°√√¡‰«â
Õ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π∫∑∑’Ë ¯
‡π◊ÕË ß®“°‚§√ß √â“ß∑“ßÀ≈—°°“√
¢Õߧ” Õπ„πæÿ∑∏»“ π“¥—ß°≈à“«
¢â“ßµâπ ·≈–‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√∑’Ëæ√–‰µ√
ªîÆ°‰¥â°≈à“«∂÷ß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à‰«â¡“°
¡“¬À≈“¬·Ààß ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ®÷߉¡à
 “¡“√∂ªØ‘ ‡  ∏‡√◊Ë Õ ß°“√‡°‘ ¥ „À¡à
°√√¡ À√◊Õ‡√◊ËÕß™“µ‘Àπâ“¡’®√‘ß ‰¥â
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ „π°“√∑’Ë∑à“π欓¬“¡∑”„Àâ
æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑‡ªìπ»“ π“
∑’ˇπâπ™’«‘µ∑’Ëπ’Ë·≈–‡¥’ά«π’Èπ—Èπ Õ¬à“ߥ’
∑’Ë ÿ¥‡∑à“∑’Ë∑à“π®–∑”‰¥â°Á§◊Õ≈¥°“√
‡πâπ¬È”§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à
°√√¡ ·≈–™“µ‘Àπâ“ „𧔠Õπ¢Õß
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ ·µà‡πâπ¬È”§«“¡ ”§—≠
¢Õß™’«‘µªí®®ÿ∫—π„π‚≈°π’È„Àâ¡“°¢÷Èπ
ı˘
Mulder, Neils. Everyday Life in Thailand›An Interpretation. Bangkok: Duang Kamol Publisher, 1979, 146.
ˆ
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß.
ˆÒ
∫ÿ≠¡’ ‡¡∏“ß°Ÿ√. ç¿‘°…ÿºŸâ∑”≈“¬æÿ∑∏»“ π“é „π §” Õπ‡¥’¬√∂’¬å. Õπ—πµå ‡ π“¢—π∏å (∫°.), °√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õߧ尓√æ‘∑—°…åæÿ∑∏»“ π“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡
¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚÚ Àπâ“ ˘Ù.
°“√µà Õ µâ “ π‡™‘ ß °“√‡¡◊ Õ ß∑’Ë ¡’ · °à
∑—»π–¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  Õÿ¥¡°“√≥å¢Õß»“ π“π’È„π‚§√ß √â“ß
°“√∑’Ë∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‡≈◊Õ°∑’Ë®–
‡πâπ¬È”§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õߪ√–‡¥Áπ‡æ’¬ß
∫“ßÕ¬à“ß„πæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°¢Õ߇∂√«“∑
Õ’ ° ∑—È ß °“√∑’Ë ∑à “ π¡ÿà ß ¡—Ë π ‚®¡µ’ ∑— » π–
·≈–§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¥—È߇¥‘¡∑’Ë¡’¡“¬“«π“π
„ππ‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑ ‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ ”§—≠
‡™àπ°—𠵓¡∑’Ë π’≈ å ¡—≈‡¥Õ√å  —߇°µ
‰«âπ—Èπ §π‰∑¬ à«π¡“°‡ÀÁπ«à“ §”
«‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å ∑’Ë ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ¡’
µàÕ∑—»π–¥—È߇¥‘¡„πæÿ∑∏»“ π“∂◊Õ‰¥â
«à“ çπà“µ°„®é ‡æ√“– ç§π‰∑¬∑ÿ°§π
‡™◊ËÕ°—πµ≈Õ¥¡“«à“æ«°‡¢“‡ªìπ™“«
æÿ∑∏∑’Ë¥’ ·µà„πµÕππ’Èæ«°‡¢“µâÕß¡“
‰¥â¬‘π‰¥âøíß«à“‰¡à„™à‡™àππ—Èπ‡≈¬ ®÷ß
‡ªìπ∏√√¡¥“Õ¬Ÿà‡Õß∑’Ëæ«°‡¢“®–√Ÿâ ÷°
«à“∂Ÿ°§ÿ°§“¡é ı˘
§«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° «à “ ∂Ÿ ° §ÿ ° §“¡‡™à π π’È
™à « ¬Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬‰¥â  à « πÀπ÷Ë ß ∂÷ ß °“√∑’Ë ¡’
§πµàÕµâ“π∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  ·µà§«√®–
‡πâ π ¬È” ‰«â „ π∑’Ë π’È «à “  ‘Ëߧÿ°§“¡®“°
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ π—Èπ‰¡à„™à‡√◊ËÕߢÕß¿Ÿ¡‘
ªí≠≠“À√◊Õ‡√◊ËÕߢÕß»“ π“≈â«π Ê
·∑â ∑’Ë ® √‘ ß ·≈â « ∑— » π–¢Õß∑à “ π‰¥â ∑â “
∑“¬≈— ° …≥–¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ §◊ Õ §«“¡‡ªì π
 ∂“∫— π Õ¬à “ ßÀπ÷Ë ß ¢Õßæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“
·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
22
„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ √«¡∑—Èß∫∑∫“∑∑“ß
∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß·≈–«— ≤ π∏√√¡¢Õß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‡π◊ËÕß®“°«à“
¡√¥°∑“ß»“ π“∑’Ë ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ 
·≈–π—°ªØ‘√Ÿª§πÕ◊Ëπ Ê µâÕß°“√®–µ’
§«“¡‡ ’¬„À¡àπ—È𠇪ìπµ—«ª√–°Õ∫∑’Ë
 ”§—≠„π‚§√ß √â“ߥ—È߇¥‘¡¢Õß —ߧ¡
‰∑¬ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ·¡â·µà°“√‚µâ·¬â߇√◊ËÕß
À≈— ° §” Õπ„πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“∑’Ë §à Õ π
‰ª∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’°ÕÁ “®¡’π¬— ∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß
¢÷Èπ¡“‰¥â ´÷Ëß°ÁÕ∏‘∫“¬∂÷߇Àµÿº≈„π
¢âÕ —߇°µ¢Õß¡—≈‡¥Õ√å∑’Ë«à“ ‡Àµÿ„¥
π— ° ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª »“ π“„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬®÷ ß
ç∂Ÿ°µ√“ÀπⓉ¥âßà“¬«à“‡ªìπæ«°πÕ°
√’µ ‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬µàÕ§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß¢Õß
 —ߧ¡ ·≈–¡—°∂Ÿ°‡√’¬°«à“ ù§Õ¡¡‘«-
π‘ µåûéˆ
∫ÿ≠¡’ ‡¡∏“ß°Ÿ√ ª√–∏“πÕ¿‘∏√√¡
¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ («—¥æ√–‡™µÿæπ) «‘®“√≥å°“√
∑’Ë ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ¢®— ¥ ‡√◊Ë Õ ßª√— ¡ ª√“
ÕÕ°‰ª®“°À≈— ° §” Õπ¢Õßæÿ ∑ ∏-
»“ π“ ·≈–°“√∑’∑Ë “à π‡πâπ¬È”«à“æÿ∑∏-
»“ π“‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕß™“µ‘π’È ‡¢“°≈à“«
«à“ çæÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ§◊Õ§π∑’ˇªî¥ª√–µŸ
√— ∫ §π∑’Ë ™ Õ∫‡√◊Ë Õ ß°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß·≈–‰¡à
π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“¢Õ߇√“... ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâæ«°
π—Èπ‡¢â“¡“∑”≈“¬æÿ∑∏»“ π“é ˆÒ
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

π—Ëπ°Á§◊Õ«à“ ∫ÿ≠¡’‡ÀÁπ«à“∑à“π ¥—È߇¥‘¡¢Õßæ«°‡¢“ §”°≈à“«À“¢â“ß Õÿ ¥ ¡°“√≥å ‡ æ◊Ë Õ µà Õ µâ “ π≈— ∑ ∏‘ § Õ¡-

æÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ‡ªî ¥ ª√–µŸ   ∂“∫— π æÿ ∑ ∏-
»“ π“√—∫§πæ«°Õ◊πË ∑’‰Ë ¡à„™à™“«æÿ∑∏
(§◊Õæ«°§Õ¡¡‘«π‘ µå) ´÷Ëß∫ÿ≠¡’·≈–
 ¡“™‘°¢ÕßÕß°å°√µà“ß Ê Õ¬à“߇™àπ
Õ¿‘∏√√¡¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ µâÕß°“√°”®—¥¥â«¬
°“√‡º¬·æ√à æÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“µ“¡·∫∫
µâππ’È∑’Ë«à“ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ °”≈—ß∑”≈“¬
æÿ∑∏»“ π“∑—Èß„π·ßà¢ÕßÀ≈—°§” Õπ
·≈–„π·ßà∑∑’Ë “à π¬Õ¡„Àâ§ππÕ°»“ π“
‡¢â“¡“·∑√°´÷¡∫àÕπ∑”≈“¬æ√–»“ π“
π—πÈ ‰¡à‰¥â¡‡’ Àµÿº≈∑“ß»“ π“·µà‡æ’¬ß
Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« ‡æ√“–„π°“√√≥√ߧ凙‘ß
¡‘ « π‘   µå π—È π °≈ÿà ¡ Õπÿ √— ° …π‘ ¬ ¡¢Õß
‰∑¬‰¥â‡™‘¥™Ÿ·π«§‘¥∑’«Ë “à æÿ∑∏»“ π“
‡ªì π ∞“π√Õß√— ∫ √–∫Õ∫°…— µ √‘ ¬å · ≈–
§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß¢Õß™“µ‘ ∫ÿ≠¡’™’È«à“

æÿ∑∏»“ π“¬—ߧ߇ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å√«¡®‘µ„®¢Õß™“«‰∑¬ ´÷Ëß∑”„À♓«‰∑¬√«¡µ—«
°—π‰¥âÕ¬à“߇¢â¡·¢Áß ·µà‡¡◊ËÕæÿ∑∏»“ π“§àÕ¬ Ê ‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ≈“¬‰ª Õ–‰√®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ?
ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘·≈–æ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬å®–¥”√ßÕ¬Ÿà‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√? ˆÚ

°“√µàÕµâ“π§Õ¡¡‘«π‘ µå ∏”√ß »“ π“¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠ Ÿß ÿ¥‡ªìπÕ—π¥—∫ ªØ‘ √Ÿ ª ´÷Ë ß Õ“®§ÿ ° §“¡§«“¡‡ªì π ªñ °

√—°…“¢π∫ª√–‡æ≥’ ·≈–‡∑‘¥∑Ÿπæ√–
¡À“°…—µ√‘¬åºŸâ∑√߇ªìπ —≠≈—°…≥å¢Õß
¢π∫ª√–‡æ≥’·≈–Õ‘ √¿“æ¢Õ߉∑¬
π—Èπ §◊Õ®ÿ¥„À≠à„®§«“¡∑’ˬ°¢÷Èπ¡“
°≈à“«°—πÕ¬Ÿà‡ ¡Õ„π∫√√¥“ß“π‡¢’¬π
¢Õßπ—°Õπÿ√—°…π‘¬¡™“«æÿ∑∏
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ §”«‘æ“°…å«®‘ “√≥å
∑’Ë¡’µàÕæ√–¿‘°…ÿπ—°ªØ‘√ŸªÕ¬à“ß∑à“π
æÿ∑∏∑“  ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë∂Ÿ°¡Õß«à“
ç≈–∑‘Èߢπ∫ª√–‡æ≥’Õ—π¥’ß“¡∑’Ë¡’¡“
µ—Èß·µà‚∫√“≥éˆÛ °Á¡’·ßà¡ÿ¡∑’ˇ≈¬æâπ
‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡¡◊Õ߇Õߥ⫬‡™àπ°—𠧫“¡
¢—¥·¬âß„π∑’Ëπ’ÈÕ¬Ÿà∑’˧π Ú ΩÉ“¬¡Õß
≈— ° …≥–¢Õßæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“‰¡à µ √ß°— π
∑“ßΩÉ “ ¬Õπÿ √— ° …π‘ ¬ ¡‡ÀÁ π «à “ æÿ ∑ ∏-
»“ π“‡ªì π  ∂“∫— π À≈— ° ∑“ß — ß §¡
¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡ªìπ∞“πÀ≈—°¢Õß
 — ß §¡‰∑¬·≈–§«“¡¡’ √ –‡∫’ ¬ ∫¢Õß
 —ߧ¡ ·µà∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‡ÀÁπ«à“ æÿ∑∏-
·√°„π∞“π–∑’ˇªìπÀ≈—°§” Õπ∑’˙૬
„Àâ§π‡√“æâπ∑ÿ°¢å‰¥â‡©æ“–µ—« π—Ëπ°Á
§◊Õ«à“ §«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™“«æÿ∑∏
∑’Ë ¬÷ ¥ §µ‘ ª √–‡æ≥’ π‘ ¬ ¡°— ∫ ™“«æÿ ∑ ∏
π—°ªØ‘√Ÿªπ—Èπ „π√–¥—∫Àπ÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°
§«“¡¢— ¥ ·¬â ß √–À«à “ ß∑— » π–∑’Ë ¡ Õß
»“ π“„π·ßà¢Õß ∂“∫—π°—∫∑—»π–∑’Ë
¡Õß»“ π“„π·ßà ¢ Õßªí ® ‡®°∫ÿ § §≈
∂ⓇªìπÕ¬à“ß∑’ËÕπ—πµå‡ πÕ·π– §◊Õ
∂â “ ≈— ° …≥–¢Õßæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“„π‡™‘ ß
 ∂“∫—π‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë ”§—≠∑’Ë ÿ¥·≈â« ∑ÿ°
 ‘Ëß∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë¥”√ߧ«“¡‡ªìπªñ°·ºàπ
¢Õß ∂“∫—π∑“ß —ߧ¡ ∂“∫—ππ’ȇՓ
‰«â°Á¬àÕ¡ ”§—≠∑’Ë ÿ¥‡™àπ°—π „π·ßàπ’È
°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘„Àâ‡ÀÁπ‰ªµ“¡‡ªÑ“À¡“¬∑’Ë
°”À𥉫â √«¡∑—Èß·À≈àß∑’Ë¡“¥—È߇¥‘¡
¢Õߧ«“¡ “¡—§§’ Õ¬à“߇™àπÕ”π“®√—∞
·≈– —≠≈—°…≥å¢Õßæ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬å
°Á ® – ”§— ≠ °«à “ π«— µ °√√¡·≈–°“√
·ºàπ·≈–§«“¡ “¡—§§’ ·µà∂“â ¡Õßµ“¡
∑—»π–¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  §◊Õ¡Õß«à“
æÿ∑∏»“ π“‡ªìπ»“ π“∑’˙૬„Àâ§π
‡√“æâπ∑ÿ°¢å‡ªìπ√“¬∫ÿ§§≈·≈â« ·√ß
°¥¥— π ∑’Ë ® –„Àâ ª Ø‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡§«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ
·≈–æ‘ ∏’ ° √√¡·∫∫¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ °Á Õ “®¢— ¥
·¬âßÕ¬à“ß¡“° °—∫§«“¡¡ÿàß¡—Ëπ∑“ß®‘µ
«‘≠≠“≥¢Õߧπ‡√“·µà≈–§π∑’ªË √– ß§å
®–√Ÿâ·®â߇ÀÁπ®√‘ß
§«“¡¢— ¥ ·¬â ß ¥— ß °≈à “ «π’È ‰ ¡à „ ™à
‡√◊ËÕߢÕß»“ π“‚¥¬µ√ß ‡æ√“–‰¡à
 “¡“√∂·°â‰¥â¥â«¬°“√Õ¿‘ª√“¬À≈—°
§” Õπ‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«À√◊ե⫬°“√
Õâ“ßæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°ΩÉ“¬
‡∂√«“∑π—Èπ¬—ß¡’ à«π∑’˧≈ÿ¡‡§√◊Õ·≈–
¡’‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë¢—¥·¬âß°—π‡Õß ´÷Ëß∂⓬°¡“
„™â‡æ’¬ß∫“ß à«π∫“ßµÕπ °ÁÕ“® π—∫
 πÿπ°“√µ’§«“¡À≈—°§” Õπµ“¡·∫∫
∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ∑’ˇÀÁπ«à“ æÿ∑∏»“ π“

ˆÚ
∫ÿ≠¡’ ‡¡∏“ß°Ÿ√. ‚µâ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‡√◊ËÕß®‘µ«à“ß ‡≈à¡ Ò. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : Õߧ尓√æ‘∑—°…åæÿ∑∏»“ π“ Õ¿‘∏√√¡¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘, æ.». ÚıÚÚ Àπâ“ Ù¯.
ˆÛ
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß, Àπâ“ ¯ˆ.

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
23
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

‡πâπ∑’Ëªí®‡®°∫ÿ§§≈ À√◊Õ‰¡à‡™àππ—Èπ°Á ∑’‰Ë ¡à¬Õ¡√—∫§«“¡‡™◊ÕË ‡√◊ÕË ß¿“«–‡Àπ◊Õ ¥—ß°≈à“«·≈â«°Áµ“¡ æ√–æÿ∑∏Õߧ剥â

Õ“® π— ∫  πÿ 𠧫“¡‡ÀÁ π ¢ÕßÕπ— π µå
·≈–π—°Õπÿ√—°…π‘¬¡§πÕ◊Ëπ Ê ∑’Ë∂◊Õ
«à“æÿ∑∏»“ π“‡ªìπ ∂“∫—πÕ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß
æ√–‰µ√ªî Æ °¡’ ¢â Õ §«“¡À≈“¬µÕπ
∑’Ë°≈à“«Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π∂÷ß «√√§å π√°
«‘ ≠ ≠“≥ ·≈–ª√“°Ø°“√≥å Õ◊Ë π Ê
„π·ßà∑’ˇªìπ¿æ¿Ÿ¡‘À√◊Õ —µ«–∑’Ë¡’®√‘ß
·≈–°Á¡’¢âÕ§«“¡Õ’°À≈“¬µÕπ‡™àπ°—π
∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‡ ™à π π—È π ‡∑√‡«Õ√å À≈‘ß
 —߇°µ«à“ æÿ∑∏»“ π“¡’ª√–«—µ‘‡°’ˬ«
°— ∫ °“√¬Õ¡„Àâ ¡’ § «“¡‡™◊Ë Õ ç‡√◊Ë Õ ß
æ«°Õ¡πÿ…¬å ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’ˬ°¬àÕß π—∫∂◊Õ
‡≈◊ÕË ¡„  À√◊Õ∫Ÿ™“ ¢Õߪ√–™“™π∑—«Ë ‰ª
®”π«π¡“°éˆÙ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ‡¢“°Á
 —߇°µ¥â«¬«à“ ∂÷ß·¡âæÿ∑∏»“ π“®–
¬Õ¡„Àâ¡’§«“¡‡™◊ËÕµ“¡·∫∫™“«∫â“π
∑√ßÀâ“¡æ√–¿‘°…ÿ‰«â‚¥¬‡©æ“– ¡‘„Àâ
‡¢â“‰ª¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°‘®°√√¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫
æ≈—ßÀ√◊Õª√“°Ø°“√≥å‡Àπ◊Õ∏√√¡™“µ‘
À≈‘߉¥â¬°¢âÕ§«“¡„πæ√–«‘𗬪îÆ°∑’Ë
°≈à“«∂÷ßæ√–¥”√— ¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏Õߧå
¡“· ¥ß‰«â¥ß— π’È

¿‘°…ÿ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ æ«°‡∏Õ‰¡àæ÷߇√’¬πÀ√◊Õ Õπ»‘≈ª–™—ÈπµË” (‡¥√—®©“π«‘™“)

Õ—π‰¥â·°à°“√∑”π“¬Õ𓧵 °“√„™â‡«∑¡πµå °“√¥Ÿ‚™§≈“ß ‚À√“»“ µ√å °“√
∫«ß √«ß‡∑«¥“ °“√∑”§ÿ≥‰ ¬ ·≈–°“√‡ªìπÀ¡Õ‡∂◊ËÕπ ˆı

À≈— ° §” Õπ„πæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“ „À¡à ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕßµâÕß°—π„π«ß°«â“ß Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“߉¥â

π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑π—Èπ Õ“®µ’§«“¡‰¥â·µ°
µà“ß°—π‰ªÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß ·≈–Õ“®„™â
 π—∫ πÿ𧫓¡‡ÀÁπ‡√◊ËÕß®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥
À√◊ Õ  — ß §¡∑’Ë · µ°µà “ ß°— π ÕÕ°‰ª‰¥â
¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷߇ªìπ°“√¬“°∑’Ë®–ª√–‡¡‘π
°“√µ’ § «“¡À≈— ° §” Õπ„πæÿ ∑ ∏-
»“ π“π‘ ° “¬‡∂√«“∑¢Õß™“«æÿ ∑ ∏
π—°ªØ‘√Ÿª ‚¥¬¬÷¥§«“¡´◊ËÕµ√ß®ß√—°
µàÕæ√–æÿ∑∏æ®πåÀ√◊Õæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°
·µà‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“„π
·ßà∑ƒ…Æ’À√◊ÕÀ≈—°§” Õπ·≈â« ‡√“
æÕ®– √ÿª‰¥â«à“ ∂÷ß·¡â®–¡’¢âÕ¢—¥·¬âß
Õ¬Ÿà À ≈“¬·Àà ß „π√“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥¢Õß
º≈ß“π¢Õß∑à“π°Áµ“¡ ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª·≈â«
∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ‰¥â ª √– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á ®
‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’„π°“√µ’§«“¡æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°
ÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπ·π«§‘¥∑’ Ë ”§—≠·≈–·ª≈°
∑—È ß °— ∫ ª°√≥å ∑’Ë ∑à “ π¬Õ¡√— ∫ «à “ ∑√ß
 ‘∑∏‘Õ”π“® ·≈–°—∫§«“¡§“¥À«—ß
∑“ß¿Ÿ ¡‘ ªí ≠ ≠“¢Õßπ— ° π« ¡— ¬ π‘ ¬ ¡
·µà‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“„π·ßà°“√‡¡◊ÕßÀ√◊Õ
 —ߧ¡«‘∑¬“·≈â« ‡√“°ÁÕ“® √ÿª‰¥â‡™àπ
°—π«à“ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ ‡ªìππ—°Õÿ¥¡§µ‘
π‘¬¡∑’ˉ¡à¬Õ¡√—∫§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ·∫∫ª√–-
™“π‘¬¡ ·≈–‰¡à‡ÀÁπ§ÿ≥§à“§«“¡ ”§—≠
∑’Ë æÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“„π√Ÿ ª ¢Õß ∂“∫— π ¡’
µàÕ§π‰∑¬∑—Ë«‰ª ´÷Ë߉¥â·°à ™“«π“
°√√¡°√ ¢â“√“™°“√æ≈‡√◊Õπ À√◊Õ
∑À“√ §”«‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å ¢ Õß™“«
æÿ∑∏À—«Õπÿ√—°…π‘¬¡Õ¬à“߇™àπ Õπ—πµå
‡ π“¢—π∏å ·≈–∫ÿ≠¡’ ‡¡∏“ß°Ÿ√ π—Èπ
∂◊Õ‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∫àß∫Õ°∂÷ß°“√∑’Ë∑à“π
æÿ∑∏∑“ ‰¡à “¡“√∂ªØ‘√ªŸ æÿ∑∏»“ π“
π‘ ° “¬‡∂√«“∑„Àâ ‡ ªì π ∑’Ë ¬ Õ¡√— ∫ °— π
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ „π∫√√¥“™π™—Èπ
°Æ¸ ¡ æ’ „ À¡à ¢ Õ߉∑¬π—È π ¡’ ° ≈ÿà ¡ ™“«
æÿ∑∏À—« ¡—¬„À¡à°≈ÿ¡à ‡≈Á° Ê °≈ÿ¡à Àπ÷ßË
∑’Ë ¬ Õ¡√— ∫ «à “ ß“π¢Õß∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ 
¡’π—¬ ”§—≠Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß„π∑“ß —ߧ¡·≈–
»“ π“ ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“ß«à“ „π°“√ ”√«®
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ∑“ß»“ π“¢Õßπ—°«‘™“°“√
‰∑¬®”π«π Ú¯Ù §π „π¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
¢Õß√—∞√«¡ ı ·Ààß ‡¥«‘¥ °Õ ≈‘ß
‰¥âæ∫«à“ ¡’π—°«‘™“°“√®”π«π‡æ’¬ß
√âÕ¬≈– Úı ‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ«à“™“µ‘Àπâ“
¡’®√‘ß ·≈– à«π„À≠à‰¡à¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ
‡°’ˬ«°—∫À≈—°§” ÕπÕ◊Ëπ Ê „πæÿ∑∏-
»“ π“ Õ¬à“߇™àππ‘ææ“π·≈–°√√¡
«à“®–‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â®√‘ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ∂÷ß°√–π—Èπ
π—°«‘™“°“√ à«π„À≠à°Á‡ÀÁπ«à“ À≈—°
¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à‡∑’ˬ߷∑â §◊ÕÕπ‘®®µ“π—Èπ

ˆÙ
Ling, Trevor. The Buddha›Buddhist Civilisation in India and Ceylon. London: Temple Smith, 1973, 74.
ˆı
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß, Àπâ“ ˜.

æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
24
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

 Õ¥§≈â Õ ß°— ∫ À≈— ° «‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å µ’§«“¡æÿ∑∏»“ π“¢ÕߺŸâ¬÷¥À≈—°§” º≈°“√ ”√«®∑’Ë ”§—≠‰«â«à“

‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° ·≈–‡¢â“°—π‰¥â°—∫§”  Õπ‡ªì𠔧—≠ °Õ ≈‘߉¥â√“¬ß“π

„π∫√√¥“π—°«‘™“°“√¢Õß®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à ·≈–«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ ∑’˵Õ∫ Õ∫∂“¡π—Èπ ¡’ºŸâµÕ∫®”π«π
√–À«à“ß Û% ∂÷ß ˜% ∑’ˇÕଙ◊ËÕ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ „π·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡ ˆˆ

°Õ ≈‘ ß µ—È ß ¢â Õ  — ß ‡°µ«à “ µ“¡
ª√°µ‘·≈⫺ŸâµÕ∫·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡¢Õß
‡¢“®–°≈à“«∂÷ß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“ „π‡™‘ß
π‘ ¬ ¡¬°¬à Õ ß‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à “ ߬‘Ë ß „π
∫√‘∫∑∑’Ëæ«°‡¢“ π—∫ πÿπ∑à“πæÿ∑∏-
∑“ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑à“πµ’§«“¡«à“ °“√‡°‘¥„À¡à
‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ßª√“°Ø°“√≥å∑“ß®‘µ«‘∑¬“
Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„𙓵‘π’È ¢âÕ √ÿª
¢Õß°Õ ≈‘ß· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ π—°«‘∑¬“
»“ µ√å ™ “«‰∑¬∑’Ë ‡ ¢“‰¥â  — ¡ ¿“…≥å
π—È π ¡’ ∑— » π–‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ æÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“
·≈–À≈— ° §” Õπ„π»“ π“π’È § ≈â “ ¬
°—∫∑—»π–¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  ‡¢“‰¥â
√“¬ß“π‰«â«“à

¡’ºŸâµÕ∫·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡®”π«ππâÕ¬¬‘Ëß∑’˧‘¥®–‡≈‘°π—∫∂◊Õæÿ∑∏»“ π“ ·≈–¥—ß
∑’ˉ¥â™’È„Àâ‡ÀÁπ‰«â°àÕπ·≈â«°Á§◊Õ«à“ ºŸâ∑’˪ؑ‡ ∏‡√◊ËÕߢÕß°“√‡°‘¥„À¡à„π·ßà∑’ˇªìπ°“√
°≈à“«Õ¬à“ßµ√߉ªµ√ß¡“∂÷߇Àµÿ°“√≥åµÕπ∑’˧π‡√“µ“¬À√◊ÕÀ≈—ß®“°µ“¬·≈â«π—Èπ
¡—°®–‡™◊ËÕ„π§”µ’§«“¡À≈—°§” Õ𠔧—≠∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“µ“¡·∫∫∑’ˇªìπæ≈«—µ
·≈–‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫‚≈°π’È ˆ˜

¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√µ’§«“¡À≈—°§” Õπ √–À«à“ߧ«“¡ª√– ß§å¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏- À≈— ° °“√¢Õßæÿ ∑ ∏»“ π“Õ’ ° ¥â « ¬

π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑µ“¡·π«„À¡à¢Õß∑à“π
æÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ®÷ ß Õ“®∂Ÿ ° «‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å
‰¥â„πÀ≈“¬ª√–‡¥Áπ¥â«¬°—π ª√–‡¥Áπ
·√° °“√∑’Ë ∑à “ π‰¡à ¬ Õ¡√— ∫  ‘ ∑ ∏‘
Õ”π“®¢Õߧ— ¡ ¿’ √å «‘  ÿ ∑ ∏‘ ¡ √√§·≈–
‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫«à“ «‘≠≠“≥¢Õߧπ∑’˵“¬
‰ª·≈â « Õ’ ° ∑—È ß ™“µ‘ À πâ “ ¡’ ® √‘ ß ¬à Õ ¡
‡ªìπ°“√§ÿ°§“¡‚¥¬µ√ß·°à§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ
¢Õß∫√√¥“™“«æÿ ∑ ∏∑’Ë µ’ § «“¡À≈— °
§” Õπ„πæÿ∑∏»“ π“‚¥¬Õ‘ߧ—¡¿’√å
¥— ß °≈à “ «·≈–§” Õπ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√
‡°‘¥„À¡à ª√–‡¥Áπ∑’Ë Ú §«“¡¢—¥·¬âß
∑“ ∑’Ë®–µ’§«“¡„Àâæÿ∑∏»“ π“‡ªìπ
»“ π“¢Õߧπ‡√“ ∑’Ë π’Ë · ≈–‡¥’Î ¬ «π’È
°—∫¢âÕ§«“¡„πæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ°∑’ˇπâπ¬È”
«à“™“µ‘Àπâ“¡’®√‘ß·≈–‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß ”§—≠
∑”„Àâº≈ß“π¢Õß∑à“π¡’ªí≠À“„π∑“ß
∑ƒ…Æ’ πÕ°®“°π’È °“√∑’Ë∑à“π¬÷¥À≈—°
§” Õπ‡ªì𠔧—≠·≈–°“√∑’Ë∑à“π‡πâπ
‡√◊Ë Õ ß°“√À≈ÿ ¥ æâ π ¢Õßªí ® ‡®°∫ÿ § §≈
´÷Ë ß °Á ¢— ¥ °— ∫ ∫∑∫“∑„π‡™‘ ß  ∂“∫— π
·∫∫¥—È߇¥‘¡¢Õßæÿ∑∏»“ π“„π —ߧ¡
‰∑¬ ¬—߉¥âµ—¥ºà“π·≈– «π∑“ß°—∫
 ‘Ëß∑’˧π‰∑¬ à«π„À≠৑¥«à“§«√‡ªìπ
·µà ∂÷ ß ®–¡’ ªí ≠ À“¢â Õ ¬ÿà ß ¬“°∑—È ß ∑“ß
∑ƒ…Æ’ · ≈–∑“ß — ß §¡°— ∫ °“√‡¡◊ Õ ß
‡™à π π’È  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ®√‘ ß °Á §◊ Õ °“√∑’Ë
∫√√¥“™“«æÿ∑∏À—«°â“«Àπâ“¢Õ߉∑¬
¬Õ¡√—∫«à“ ∑à“π‡ªìπÀπ÷Ëß„π∫√√¥“
æ√–¿‘ ° …ÿ π— ° »÷ ° …“§â π §«â “ ∑’Ë ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ
‡ ’¬ß·≈–‰¥â√—∫§«“¡‡§“√æ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥
„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬ÿ § ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ‡√◊Ë Õ ßπ’È
‰¡à ‰ ¥â ‡ ªì π ‡æ’ ¬ ߇æ√“–∑à “ π‰¥â ¢ ®— ¥
‡√◊ËÕߪ√—¡ª√“ÕÕ°‰ª®“°æÿ∑∏»“ π“
∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ ¬— ß ‰¥— √— ∫ §«“¡π‘ ¬ ¡
¬°¬à Õ ß®“°∫√√¥“™“«æÿ ∑ ∏∑’Ë ‡ ªì π

ˆˆ
Gosling, David. çThe Scientific and Religious Beliefs of Thai Scientists and Their Inter-relationships.é Southeast Asian Journal of Social
Science, Vol.4 no.1, 1975, 10.
ˆ˜
‡Õ° “√∑’ˇæ‘ËßÕâ“ß∂÷ß, Àπâ“ ÒÒ.

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
25
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

ªí≠≠“™πÕ’°¥â«¬ ‡æ√“–∑—»π–‡°’ˬ« ∏√√¡„π»“ π“‰¥â ·¡â«à“‡∑à“∑’˺à“π ∏√√¡–Õ—π‡ªìπÀ—«„® ”§—≠¢Õßæÿ∑∏-

°— ∫ °“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ¢ Õß™“«æÿ ∑ ∏∑’Ë ∑à “ π ¡“¶√“«“ ‰¥â∂Ÿ°·¬°ÕÕ°‰ªÕ¬Ÿàµà“ß »“ π“ §◊Õ°“√· «ßÀ“π‘ææ“π„π
‰¥âæ—≤π“¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬¬÷¥«‘∏’°“√µ’§«“¡ À“°®“°ΩÉ“¬∫√√晑µ°Áµ“¡ ºŸâ‡¢’¬π ∫∑µàÕ®“°π’È
À≈—°§” Õπµ“¡·∫∫¿“…“∏√√¡π—Èπ ®–‰¥â ° ≈à “ «∂÷ ß °“√∑’Ë ∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ 
‰¥â∑”„Àâ¶√“«“  “¡“√∂‡¢â“∂÷ß·°àπ π”ΩÉ“¬¶√“«“ ‡¢â“‰ª‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫ (¬—ß¡’µàÕ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú)

æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑
·≈–°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (µàÕ)
26
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

Doctor Zhivago:  —≠™—¬  ÿ«—ß∫ÿµ√

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–
§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™’«‘µ °“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß*

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
‡π◊ÈÕÀ“¢Õß çDoctor Zhivagoé «à“¥â«¬§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߪí≠≠“™π°—∫°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘„π√— ‡´’¬
√–À«à“ß §.». Ò˘Û-Ò˘Û ·≈–ªí≠À“§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™’«‘µ°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß ¬Ÿ√’ ™‘«“‚° µ—«‡Õ° ‡ªìπ
ªí≠≠“™π·≈–‡ªìπ𓬷æ∑¬å∑’ˬա√—∫°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ÕßÕ—π ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡
§.». Ò˘Ò˜ ·µà ß§√“¡°≈“߇¡◊Õß·≈–Õ”π“®‡º¥Á®°“√¢Õßæ√√§§Õ¡¡‘«π‘ µå∑’Ë∫’∫∫—ߧ—∫ª√–™“™π„Àâ
°â“«‡¥‘π∫π‡ âπ∑“ßÕÿ¥¡°“√≥å∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß·Ààßæ√√§∑”„À♑«“‚°µàÕµâ“π ‡¢“ªØ‘‡ ∏∑’Ë®– ≈–™’«‘µ„Àâ·°à
Õÿ¥¡°“√≥å∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈–欓¬“¡µàÕµâ“π‡æ◊ËÕ®–¡’™’«‘µÕ‘ √– ·µàª√– ∫§«“¡æà“¬·æâ ™‘«“‚°‰¥â‡ πÕ
§«“¡§‘¥«à“§«“¡ ”‡√Á®·≈–§«“¡™Õ∫∏√√¡¢Õß°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘®–‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫‰¥â°ÁµàÕ‡¡◊ËÕ°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘π—Èπ Õ¥§≈âÕß
°—∫™’«‘µ °“√欓¬“¡°”Àπ¥°√Õ∫°“√‡¡◊Õ߇æ◊ËÕ§«∫§ÿ¡·≈–∫—ߧ—∫ —Ëß°“√™’«‘µ§◊Õ§«“¡≈⡇À≈«¢Õß°“√
‰¡à‡¢â“„®™’«‘µ·≈–‡ªì𧫓¡æà“¬·æâ¢Õß°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘ Àπ—ß ◊Õ§◊Õ‡√◊ËÕß√“«°“√µàÕ Ÿâ¢Õßªí®‡®°™π∑’˵àÕµâ“π
Õ”π“®√—∞·≈–°“√‡¬“–À¬—π ‘Ëß∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ çÕÿ¥¡°“√≥å·Ààß√— ‡´’¬é ∑—È߇ªìπ∫∑∫—π∑÷°ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√堗ߧ¡∑’Ë
 –∑âÕπºà“π™–µ“™’«‘µ¢Õßªí®‡®°™π´÷ËßµàÕ Ÿâ¥‘Èπ√π¿“¬„µâ°√–· °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß —ߧ¡ °“√‰À≈‡≈◊ËÕπ¢Õß
™’«‘µ·≈–‡Àµÿ°“√≥åÕ—π‰¡à§“¥Ωíπ„π™’«‘µ
ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§„™âÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡ªìπ ◊ËÕ∂à“¬∑Õ¥§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¢Õ߇¢“°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπ√à«¡™“µ‘‚¥¬‡©æ“–ªí≠≠“™π
·≈–ª√–™“™π∑’˵âÕ߬ա®”ππ‡ªìπ‡À¬◊ËÕ¢Õß√–∫∫ ·µà¬—ߧ߰“√µ—¥ ‘π„®·≈–欓¬“¡¡’™’«‘µ∑’ˇªìπÕ‘ √–¢Õß
µπ‡Õß ·¡âÀπ—ß ◊Õ®–„Àâ¿“æ≈∫Õ—πÀ¡ÕßÀ¡àπ¢Õß°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘ ·µà°Á –∑âÕπ°“√¡Õß‚≈°„π·ß॒ ·≈–°“√„À⧫“¡
À«—ߢÕß°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧ√—Èß„À¡à∑’Ë°”≈—ß®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ´÷ËßÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°“√§“¥°“√≥å„πÕ𓧵∑’Ë«à“√—∞ —ߧ¡π‘¬¡
Õ“®æ—≤π“°â“«‰ª Ÿà®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬‰¥â ”‡√Á® çDoctor Zhivagoé ‡ªìπ«√√≥°√√¡‡√◊ËÕ߇հ¢Õß‚´‡«’¬µ∑’Ë √â“ߧ«“¡
ª√–∑—∫„®·°àºŸâÕà“π∑—Ë«‚≈°∑ÿ°°“≈ ¡—¬ ·≈–‰¥â√—∫√“ß«—≈‚π‡∫≈„π §.». Ò˘ı¯ çDoctor Zhivagoé ∂Ÿ°‡º¬·æ√à
‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°„π√— ‡´’¬„π §.». Ò˘¯˜ ·≈–‡ªìπÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡Àπ÷Ëß„π®”π«π Ò,Ò ‡≈à¡ ∑’Ë ¡“§¡°“√Õà“π
·≈– ¡“§¡π—°«‘®“√≥å∑—È߬ÿ‚√ª·≈– À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“√–∫ÿ«à“‡ªìπÀπ—ß ◊Õ∑’˧«√Õà“π°àÕπ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ

§” ”§—≠ : ∫Õ√‘  ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§, °“√ªØ‘«—µ‘√— ‡´’¬, √“ß«—≈‚π‡∫≈  “¢“«√√≥§¥’

* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ú˜ °—𬓬π æ.». ÚıÙ˘

 —≠™—¬  ÿ«ß— ∫ÿµ√

27
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
π«π‘¬“¬¢Õß∫Õ√‘  ª“ ‡µÕ√å-
·π§ (Boris Pasternak §.». Ò¯˘-
Ò˘ˆ)Ò ‡√◊ËÕß Doctor Zhivago ‡√‘Ë¡
‡ªìπ∑’Ë√—∫√Ÿâ·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√°≈à“«∂÷߇ªìπ
§√—Èß·√°„πÀπâ“𑵬 “√·≈–Àπ—ß ◊Õ
æ‘ ¡ æå ‚ ´‡«’ ¬ µÀ≈— ß Õ — ≠ °√√¡¢Õß
‚®‡´ø  µ“≈‘π (Josepf Stalin) ºŸâπ”
 À¿“æ‚´‡«’¬µ„πµâπ §.». Ò˘ıÛ
‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ Ú ªï ∑’ªË “ ‡µÕ√å·π§
´÷Ë߇ªìππ—°‡¢’¬π·≈–°«’·π«Àπâ“¢Õß
«ß«√√≥°√√¡‚´‡«’¬µ‰¡à¡’ß“π‡¢’¬π
‡º¬·æ√à„π∫√√≥æ‘¿æ ·µà„π‡¥◊Õπ
‡¡…“¬π §.». Ò˘ıÙ °«’π‘æπ∏å Ò
™‘Èπ ∑’Ëπ”¡“®“°π«π‘¬“¬‡√◊ËÕß Doc-
tor Zhivago ª√“°Ø„πÀπâ“«“√ “√
«√√≥°√√¡ ç√à¡∏ßé (Znamya) ¢Õß
 À¿“æπ—°‡¢’¬π‚´‡«’¬µ (All-Union
of Soviet Writers)Ú ·≈–„π∫∑·π–
π” —È π Ê ¡’≈“¬‡´Áπ≈ß∑⓬¢Õß çºŸâ
ª√–æ—π∏åé ‡¢’¬π‰«â«à“ ç...À“°‡ªìπ‰ª
‰¥â™‘«“‚°Õ“®®–‡¢’¬π‡ √Á®√“«°≈“ß
ƒ¥Ÿ√âÕπ (Ò˘ıÙ) ™à«ß‡«≈“¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß
Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß §.». Ò˘Û-Ò˘Ú˘ ·≈–
¡’ ∫ ∑ à ß ∑â “ ¬‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√ª°ªÑ Õ ß
ªîµÿ¿Ÿ¡‘„π¡À“ ß§√“¡‚≈° (§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú)
√«¡Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬ ¬Ÿ√’ Õ—π‡¥√‡¬«‘™ ™‘«“‚°
(Yuri Andreyevich Zhivago) µ—«‡Õ°
¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß ‘Èπ™’«‘µ„π §.». Ò˘Ú˘ ‡¢“
‡ªìπ𓬷æ∑¬å π—°§‘¥ π—°· «ßÀ“
 —®∏√√¡ºŸâ¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘·Ààß°“√ √â“ß
 √√§å · ≈–§«“¡‡ªì π »‘ ≈ ªî π Õ¬Ÿà „ πµ— «
°«’π‘æπ∏å∑’ˇ¢’¬π„π«—¬Àπÿà¡¢Õ߇¢“
®”π«πÀπ÷Ë ß ´÷Ë ß ∂Ÿ ° §â π æ∫∑à “ ¡°≈“ß
‡Õ° “√·≈–¢â Õ ‡¢’ ¬ π®–‡ªì π ¿“§
ºπ«°„π∫∑ ÿ¥∑⓬¢ÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ ∫“ß
 à«π¢Õß°«’π‘æπ∏套߰≈à“«‰¥âπ”¡“
æ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à‰«â∑’Ëπ’È...é Û
¢âÕ§«“¡¥—ß°≈à“« √â“ߧ«“¡µ◊Ëπ
‡µâπ√–§πª√–À≈“¥„®Õ¬à“ß¡“°„Àâ
°— ∫  “∏“√≥™π·≈–°≈ÿà ¡ ªí ≠ ≠“™π
‚´‡«’¬µ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–«ß«√√≥°√√¡
‚≈°µ–«—πµ° ‡æ√“–π—∫µ—Èß·µà §.».
Ò˘Ùˆ ‡ªìπµâπ¡“ ¬°‡«âπß“π·ª≈
‡°’ˬ«°—∫∫∑≈–§√§≈“  ‘°·≈â« °«’
π‘ æ π∏å · ≈–ß“πª√–æ— π ∏å ¢ Õߪ“ -
‡µÕ√å · π§¥â “ πÕ◊Ë π Ê ·∑∫®–‰¡à ¡’
ª√“°Ø„π À¿“æ‚´‡«’¬µ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
ª“ ‡µÕ√å · 𧇪ì π π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π∑’Ë ∂Ÿ °
∑“ß°“√‡æà߇≈Áß º≈ß“π¢Õ߇¢“¡—°
∂Ÿ°«‘æ“°…å‚®¡µ’®“°π—°«‘®“√≥åÀ√◊Õ
Õß§å ° “√π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π¢Õßæ√√§‡ ¡Õ
¢à“«‡°’ˬ«°—∫π«π‘¬“¬‡√◊ËÕß Doctor
Zhivago ®÷ß∑”„Àâπ—°Õà“π·≈–ªí≠≠“
™π®”π«π¡“°‰¡à · πà „ ®«à “ ∑“ß°“√
‚´‡«’ ¬ µ®–¬Õ¡Õπÿ ≠ “µ„Àâ ®— ¥ æ‘ ¡ æå
º≈ß“π¢Õßπ—°‡¢’¬πºŸâ∑’ˉ¥â™◊ËÕ«à“µàÕ
µâ“π·π«∑“ß«√√≥°√√¡·Ààßæ√√§
∫â“ß°Á‰¡à·πà„®„π√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õßπ«π‘¬“¬
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°ª“ ‡µÕ√å · π§¡’ ß “π√â Õ ¬
·°â«πâÕ¬™‘Èπ·≈–ß“π√âÕ¬·°â«∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà
°Á„™â√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß√âÕ¬°√Õ߇ªìπÀ≈—°
Doctor Zhivago ´÷Ëߪ“ ‡µÕ√å·π§
°≈à“««à“‡ªìππ«π‘¬“¬‡™‘ßÕ—µ™’«ª√–«—µ‘
¬— ß ∑”„Àâ π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ πÀ≈“¬§π‰¡à · πà „ ®
«à “ ß“πª√–æ— π ∏å ‡ √◊Ë Õ ßπ’È ® –·µ°µà “ ß
®“°ß“π‡¢’¬π‡™‘ßÕ—µ™’«ª√–«—µ‘‡√◊ËÕß
Safe Conduct (Ò˘ÛÒ) ¢Õ߇¢“¡“°
πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß„¥·≈–Õ◊Ëπ Ê Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
°Á‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫§≈◊Ëπ°√–∑∫Ωíòß ‡æ√“–
π— ∫ ®“°™à « ߪ≈“¬ƒ¥Ÿ √â Õ π√–À«à “ ß
28
§.». Ò˘ıÙ-Ò˘ıˆ ‰¡à ¡’ ¢à “ «§◊ ∫
Àπâ“„¥ Ê ‡°’ˬ«°—∫ß“πª√–æ—π∏å‡√◊ËÕß
Doctor Zhivago ÕÕ°¡“Õ’° ª“ -
‡µÕ√å·π§°Á¥Ÿ®–‡°Á∫µ—«‡ß’¬∫ ·¡â‡¢“
®–„Àâ  — ¡ ¿“…≥å ∫â “ ß„π∫“ß‚Õ°“ 
·µà °Á ¡— ° ®–‡ªì π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ß“π
·ª≈∫∑≈–§√¢Õ߇™§ ‡ªï¬√å∑’ˇ¢“∑”
‡ªìπ à«π„À≠à
°“√®—¥æ‘¡æå Zhivago
µà Õ ¡“„π‡¥◊ Õ πµÿ ≈ “§¡ §.».
Ò˘ı˜ Õ–‡≈Á°´’¬å ´Ÿ√å§Õø (Alexi
Surkov) ‡≈¢“∏‘ ° “√ À¿“æπ— °
‡¢’ ¬ π‚´‡«’ ¬ µºŸâ ‡ ¥‘ π ∑“ß¡“Õ‘ µ “≈’
‰¥â „ Àâ  — ¡ ¿“…≥å π‘ µ ¬ “√ Lû Unita
¢Õßæ√√§§Õ¡¡‘ « π‘   µå Õ‘ µ “≈’ «à “
§≥–°√√¡°“√·Ààß À¿“æπ—°‡¢’¬π
‚´‡«’¬µ∑ÿ°§π∑’ˉ¥âÕà“π Doctor Zhi-
vago ·≈⫵à“ß¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ‡Õ°©—π∑å
„πª√–‡¥Áπªí≠À“‡√◊ËÕß ç§«“¡®√‘ß„®
¢Õߪ“ ‡µÕ√å·π§é ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡π◊ÈÕ
À“Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ¡’ ∑— » π–µà Õ µâ “ π‚´‡«’ ¬ µ
Õ’°∑—Èß ç°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡ §.».
Ò˘Ò˜é ∑’Ë ª √“°Ø„π‡π◊È Õ À“¬— ß ¡’
≈—°…≥–∫‘¥‡∫◊Õπ‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊ÕπÕ“™≠“-
°√√¡Õ— π √â “ ¬·√ß∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ „πª√–«— µ‘ -
»“ µ√å « √√≥°√√¡‚´‡«’ ¬ µ Ù À“°
®–Õπÿ≠“µ„Àâ¡’°“√®—¥æ‘¡æå°Á®–µâÕß
·°â‰¢ª√—∫ª√ÿßµâπ©∫—∫ ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§
°Á¬Õ¡√—∫∑’Ë®–·°â‰¢ ·≈–‡¢“µâÕß°“√
µâπ©∫—∫∑’Ë ”π—°æ‘¡æåÕ‘µ“≈’¡’‰«â°≈—∫
§◊ π °“√„Àâ  — ¡ ¿“…≥å ¢ Õß´Ÿ √å § Õø
‰¥â ∑”„Àâ ¢à “ «∑’Ë ‡ ß’ ¬ ∫À“¬‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫
π«π‘¬“¬‡√◊ËÕß Doctor Zhivago ‡√‘Ë¡
°√–®à “ ߢ÷È π ·≈–‡ªì π ‡Àµÿ º ≈™— ¥ ‡®π
Doctor Zhivago:
§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™’«‘µ°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß

‡æ’¬ßæÕ∑’Ë«à“ ∑”‰¡∑“ß°“√‚´‡«’¬µ
®÷ß¡’¡µ‘‰¡à„À⮥— æ‘¡æåπ«π‘¬“¬¥—ß°≈à“«
‚¥¬¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß·≈⫪“ ‡µÕ√å-
·π§‰¥â àßµâπ©∫—∫ Doctor Zhivago
„Àâ ”π—°æ‘¡æåµà“ß Ê æ‘®“√≥“µ—Èß·µà
µâπ §.». Ò˘ıı ·µà∑ÿ° ”π—°æ‘¡æå
µà “ ߪؑ ‡  ∏¥â « ¬¢â Õ Õâ “ ß∑’Ë «à “ ‡π◊È Õ À“
¢Õ߇√◊Ë Õ ß‡∫’Ë ¬ ߇∫π®“°·π«∑“ß
«√√≥°√√¡·Àà ß æ√√§·≈–µà Õ µâ “ π
°“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ‡ ¥◊ Õ πµÿ ≈ “§¡ °“√µÕ∫
ªØ‘‡ ∏·≈–°“√Àπà«ß‡Àπ’ˬ«‡°Á∫µâπ
©∫—∫‰«â√«¡∂÷ߢâÕÕâ“ßµà“ß Ê ∑—Èß®“°
∑“ß°“√æ√√§·≈– ”π—°æ‘¡æåµà“ß Ê
‡°’ˬ«°—∫ªí≠À“¢ÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ ∑”„Àâ
ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§µ√–Àπ—°«à“ Doctor
Zhivago ®–‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√µ’æ‘¡æ出¬
·æ√à„π À¿“æ‚´‡«’¬µ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ‡¢“®÷ß
µ—¥ ‘π„®„Àâµâπ©∫—∫·°à‡ø≈µ√’‡π≈≈’
(Feltrinelli) ºŸâ·∑π ”π—°æ‘¡æå¢Õß
æ√√§§Õ¡¡‘ « π‘   µå Õ‘ µ “≈’ ∑’Ë · «–¡“
‡¬◊Õπ‡¢“∑’Ë°√ÿß¡Õ ‚°„π™à«ßƒ¥Ÿ√âÕπ
§.». Ò˘ıˆ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâπ”µâπ©∫—∫¥—ß
°≈à “ «‰ª®— ¥ æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ º¬·æ√à „ πµà “ ß
ª√–‡∑» ¢≥–∑’Ë Doctor Zhivago
©∫—∫¿“…“Õ‘µ“≈’°”≈—ßÕ¬Ÿà„π√–À«à“ß
°“√®— ¥ æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ø≈µ√’ ‡ π≈≈’ ∂Ÿ ° ¢à ¡ ¢Ÿà
·≈–∫’∫∫—ߧ—∫∑—Èß®“°æ√√§§Õ¡¡‘«-
π‘   µå Õ‘ µ “≈’ · ≈–´Ÿ √å § ÕøºŸâ · ∑π¢Õß
æ√√§§Õ¡¡‘«π‘ µå‚´‡«’¬µ´÷Ëß·«–¡“
‡¬◊ Õ πÕ‘ µ “≈’ „ Àâ ¬ °‡≈‘ ° °“√®— ¥ æ‘ ¡ æå
¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π‡¢“°Á‰¥â√—∫‚∑√‡≈¢®“°
ª“ ‡µÕ√å · π§¢Õ„Àâ  à ß µâ π ©∫— ∫ §◊ π
‡ø≈µ√’‡π≈≈’®÷ß·πà„®«à“¡’∫“ß ‘Ëß∫“ß
Õ¬à“ß∑’ˉ¡à™Õ∫¡“æ“°≈Õ¬Ÿà‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ß
‡¢“®÷ߪؑ‡ ∏∑’Ë®– àßµâπ©∫—∫§◊π·≈–
 —≠™—¬  ÿ«ß— ∫ÿµ√
¬◊π¬—π∑’Ë®–¥”‡π‘π°“√®—¥æ‘¡æåµàÕ‰ª
‚¥¬‰¡àÀ«“¥À«—ËπµàÕ¿—¬§ÿ°§“¡„¥ Ê
¥—ßπ—Èπ „π√“«ª≈“¬‡¥◊Õπ惻®‘°“¬π
§.». Ò˘ı˜ Doctor Zhivago ©∫—∫
¿“…“Õ‘ µ “≈’ °Á « “ß®”Àπà “ ¬‡ªì π §√—È ß
·√°„ππ§√¡‘≈“π
„π™à«ß‡«≈“Õ—π —ÈπÀ≈—ß°“√‡º¬
·æ√à‰¥â‡æ’¬ß ˆ ‡¥◊Õπ Doctor Zhi-
vago °Á‰¥â√—∫°“√®—¥æ‘¡æå∂÷ß ÒÒ §√—Èß
·≈–¿“¬„π™à « ߇«≈“‡æ’ ¬ ß Ú ªï
π«π‘ ¬ “¬‡√◊Ë Õ ßπ’È °Á ∂Ÿ ° ∂à “ ¬∑Õ¥‡ªì π
¿“…“¬ÿ ‚ √ªµà “ ß Ê ∂÷ß ÚÛ ¿“…“
©∫—∫·ª≈¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…æ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à
‡ªìπ§√—ßÈ ·√°‚¥¬¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡‘™·‘ °π
 À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ „π §.». Ò˘ı¯ ·≈–
√–À«à“ß §.». Ò˘ı¯-Ò˘ı˘ Doctor
Zhivago °Áµ‘¥Õ—π¥—∫ Ò ¢Õß∫—≠™’
√“¬™◊ËÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ¢“¬¥’¢Õß New York
Time ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Úˆ  —ª¥“Àå ºŸâÕà“π
®”π«ππ—∫≈â“π Ê §π∑’ˉ¡à√Ÿâ®—°√— ‡´’¬
‡¡◊ÕË Õà“π·≈â«°Á¥¡◊Ë ¥Ë”ª√–∑—∫„® „π¢≥–
∑’˺ŸâÕà“πÕ’°π—∫≈â“π Ê §π„π‚´‡«’¬µ
‰¡à¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â‡ÀÁπ·≈–Õà“ππ«π‘¬“¬
‡√◊ËÕßπ’È Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ÕÕ≈°“ Õ’«‘π-
 °“¬“ (Olga Ivinskaya)ı §Ÿà™’«‘µ
¢Õߪ“ ‡µÕ√å·π§°≈à“«„π‡«≈“µàÕ
¡“«à“ ‰¥â¡’°“√®—¥æ‘¡æåµâπ©∫—∫¿“…“
√—   ‡´’ ¬ Õ¬à “ ß≈— ∫ Ê °à Õ π©∫— ∫ ·ª≈
¿“…“Õ‘µ“≈’„π §.». Ò˘ıˆ ·µà‡º¬
·æ√à„π«ß®”°—¥ ‡¢â“„®°—π«à“‡ø≈-
µ√’ ‡ π≈≈’ ® –‡ªì π ºŸâ  —Ë ß „Àâ ¥”‡π‘ π °“√
πÕ°®“°π’È „π√–À«à“ß∑“ß∑’Ë¡’°“√
 à ß µâ π ©∫— ∫ ®“°Õ‘ µ “≈’ ¡ “®— ¥ æ‘ ¡ æå
„πŒÕ≈·≈π¥å ‰¥â ¡’ ° “√≈— ° ≈Õ∫π”
µâ π ©∫— ∫ ‰ª®— ¥ æ‘ ¡ æå ‚ ¥¬‰¡à ‰ ¥â √— ∫
29
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
Õπÿ ≠ “µ ¥â « ¬®ÿ ¥ ª√– ß§å ∑’Ë ® –‡º¬
·æ√à „ Àâ °— ∫ ™“«‚´‡«’ ¬ µ∑—È ß „π·≈–
πÕ°ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë ‡ ¥‘ π ∑“ß¡“√à « ¡ß“π
π‘∑√√»°“√√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑» ≥ °√ÿß
∫√— ‡´≈ å„π §.». Ò˘ı¯ °≈à“«°—π
«à “ ‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ   –¥«°µà Õ °“√≈— ° ≈Õ∫
π”‡¢â“ª√–‡∑» Doctor Zhivago
‰¥â∂Ÿ°®—¥æ‘¡æ凪ìπ√Ÿª‡≈à¡¢π“¥‡≈Á°
Ú ‡≈à ¡ ·≈–µâ π ©∫— ∫ ¥— ß °≈à “ «¥Ÿ ® –
·æ√à°√–®“¬‰ªÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«„πµ≈“¥
¡◊¥¢Õß‚´‡«’¬µˆ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ Õ’°
Û ªïµàÕ¡“„π §.». Ò˘¯˜ Doctor
Zhivago ´÷Ë ß ™“«√—   ‡´’ ¬  à « π„À≠à
‰¡à‡§¬‰¥âÕà“π·≈–√Ÿâ®—°·µà™◊ËÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ
°Á ‰ ¥â √— ∫ °“√æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ º¬·æ√à ‡ ªì π §√—È ß
·√°„π À¿“æ‚´‡«’¬µ ·≈–„π‡«≈“
Õ— π  —È π °Á µ‘ ¥ Õ— π ¥— ∫ Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ¬Õ¥π‘ ¬ ¡
¢Õß«ß°“√Àπ—ß ◊Õ‚´‡«’¬µ
°√≥’‡√◊ËÕߪ“ ‡µÕ√å·π§
„π‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡ §.». Ò˘ı¯
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ¿“·Ààß «’‡¥πª√–°“»
„Àâ√“ß«—≈‚π‡∫≈ “¢“«√√≥§¥’ª√–®”
§.». Ò˘ı¯ ·°à∫Õ√‘  ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§
„π∞“π–ºŸâ   √â “ ß √√§å « √√≥°√√¡
¬Õ¥‡¬’Ë ¬ ¡‡√◊Ë Õ ß Doctor Zhivago
°“√‰¥â√—∫√“ß«—≈Õ—π¡’‡°’¬√µ‘¥—ß°≈à“«
‡ªìπ¢à“«„À≠à∑—Èß„π·≈–πÕ° À¿“æ
‚´‡«’¬µ ·≈–ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§π—∫‡ªìπ
π—°‡¢’¬π√— ‡´’¬§π∑’Ë Ú µàÕ®“°Õ’«“π
∫Ÿ π‘ π (Ivan Bunin) ´÷Ë߇§¬‰¥â√—∫
√“ß«— ≈ ‚π‡∫≈‡ªì π §π·√°„π §.».
Ò˘ÛÚ  À¿“æπ— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π‚´‡«’ ¬ µ
‡§≈◊Ë Õ π‰À«µà Õ µâ “ 𪓠‡µÕ√å · π§
∑— π ∑’ ¥â « ¬¢â Õ À“ √â “ ßß“πª√–æ— π ∏å
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
∑’Ë ∫‘ ¥ ‡∫◊ Õ π¢â Õ ‡∑Á ® ®√‘ ß „π°“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘
‡¥◊ Õ πµÿ ≈ “§¡·≈–≈— ° ≈Õ∫ à ß ß“π
ª√–æ—π∏å∑’Ë„Àâ√⓬µàÕª√–‡∑»™“µ‘‰ª
æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ º¬·æ√à π Õ°ª√–‡∑» ª“ -
‡µÕ√å · π§∂Ÿ ° ¢— ∫ ‰≈à ® “°°“√‡ªì π
 ¡“™‘° À¿“æπ—°‡¢’¬π‚´‡«’¬µ·≈–
º≈ß“π¢Õ߇¢“∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∂Ÿ°Àâ“¡æ‘¡æå
‡º¬·æ√à „ πª√–‡∑» ¢≥–‡¥’ ¬ «°— π
ÕÕ≈°“ Õ’«‘π °“¬“ §Ÿà™’«‘µ¢Õ߇¢“
°Á∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡¢—ߥ⫬¢âÕÀ“¡’ à«π√Ÿâ‡ÀÁπ
‡√◊ËÕß°“√ àß Doctor Zhivago ‰ªµ’
æ‘¡æåπÕ°ª√–‡∑»  À¿“æπ—°‡¢’¬π
‚´‡«’ ¬ µ¬— ß ‡√’ ¬ °√â Õ ß„Àâ æ √√§§Õ¡-
¡‘ « π‘   µå „ ™â ¡ “µ√°“√≈ß‚∑…ª“ -
‡µÕ√å·π§ ¥â«¬°“√∂Õ¥∂Õ𧫓¡
‡ªìπæ≈‡¡◊Õß‚´‡«’¬µ·≈–„Àâ‡π√‡∑»
‡¢“ÕÕ°πÕ°ª√–‡∑» °“√µà Õ µâ “ π
ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§∑”„Àâªí≠≠“™ππÕ°
ª√–‡∑»√«¡∑—È ß  ¡“§¡π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π
 “°≈ (P.E.N. International) √≥√ߧå
 π—∫ πÿ𪓠‡µÕ√å·π§  À¿“æπ—°
‡¢’¬π‚´‡«’¬µ®÷ßµÕ∫‚µâ¥â«¬°“√®—¥
™ÿ¡πÿ¡‡¥‘π¢∫«π‡√’¬°√âÕß„Àâ√—∞∫“≈
≈ß‚∑…ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§·≈–ª≈ÿ°√–¥¡
°“√µàÕµâ“𪓠‡µÕ√å·π§∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»
°√≥’‡√◊ËÕߪ“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ (Pasternakûs
Affair) ®÷ß𔉪 Ÿà§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß∑“ß
§«“¡§‘¥√–À«à“ß°≈ÿà¡π—°‡¢’¬π·π«
∑“ßæ√√§°—∫°≈ÿà¡π—°‡¢’¬π‡ √’π‘¬¡
·≈–°≈“¬‡ªì π ªí ≠ À“°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß∑’Ë  à ß
º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß
‚´‡«’¬µ°—∫ª√–‡∑»µ–«—πµ°˜
ª“ ‡µÕ√å · π§æ¬“¬“¡¬ÿ µ‘
¢∫«π°“√µàÕµâ“π‡¢“¥â«¬°“√‡¢’¬π
®¥À¡“¬‡ªî¥ºπ÷°∂÷ß π’ °’ µ “ §√ÿ ™ -
™Õø (Nikita Khrushchev) ºŸâπ”
‚´‡«’¬µ ‡æ◊ËÕ¢Õ‰¡à„Àâ∂Õ¥∂Õ𧫓¡
‡ªìπæ≈‡¡◊Õß‚´‡«’¬µ·≈–‡π√‡∑»‡¢“
ÕÕ°πÕ°ª√–‡∑» ‚¥¬‡¢“®–ªØ‘‡ ∏
√“ß«—≈‚π‡∫≈ ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π‡¢“°Á∑”
®¥À¡“¬¬Õ¡√— ∫ §«“¡º‘ ¥ ∑—È ß À¡¥
∑’Ë ∂Ÿ ° °≈à “ «À“æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ º¬·æ√à „ πÀπâ “
Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå Pravda ¢Õßæ√√§ °“√
°√–∑”¢Õߪ“ ‡µÕ√å·π§¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â
∑”„Àâ°√–· °“√µàÕµâ“𪓠‡µÕ√å-
·π§¬ÿ µ‘ ≈ ß·≈–¡’ π— ¬ ∂÷ ß ™— ¬ ™π–¢Õß
π—°‡¢’¬π·π«∑“ßæ√√§µàÕπ—°‡¢’¬π
‡ √’π‘¬¡ µàÕ¡“„π‡¥◊Õπ情¿“§¡
§.». Ò˘ı˘ §√ÿ™™Õø‰¥â°≈à“« ÿπ-
∑√æ®πå„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡„À≠à§√—Èß∑’Ë Û
¢Õß À¿“æπ—°‡¢’¬π‚´‡«’¬µ¥â«¬°“√
‡πâπÀ≈—°°“√ —®π‘¬¡·π« —ߧ¡π‘¬¡
(Socialist Realism)¯ „π°“√ √â“ß
ß“π»‘≈ª«√√≥°√√¡·≈–∫∑∫“∑¢Õß
π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π„π°“√ √â “ ß®‘ µ  ”π÷ ° ∑“ß
 —ߧ¡·°àª√–™“™π·≈–‡ªìπ°√–∫Õ°
‡ ’¬ß¢Õßæ√√§ æ√√§®÷ßµâÕߧ«∫§ÿ¡
·≈–™’È · π–°“√ √â “ ß √√§å ß “π¢Õß
π—°‡¢’¬π„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà„π°√Õ∫§«“¡§‘¥¢Õß
À≈—°π‚¬∫“¬æ√√§  ÿπ∑√æ®πå¢Õß
§√ÿ ™ ™Õø®÷ ß ¡’ π— ¬ «à “ ∫√√¬“°“»‡ √’
∑“ߧ«“¡§‘ ¥ ∑’Ë æ √√§¬Õ¡ºà Õ πª√π
„Àâµ—Èß·µà §.». Ò˘ıˆ °”≈—ß®– ‘Èπ
 ÿ¥≈ß
æ≈—ߺ≈—°¥—π¢ÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ
„π∫∑ à ß ∑â “ ¬¢Õßπ«π‘ ¬ “¬
Doctor Zhivago ª“ ‡µÕ√å · π§
∫√√¬“¬°“√∫ÿ° À¿“æ‚´‡«’¬µ¢Õß
‡¬Õ√¡π’‚¥¬‰¡à¡’°“√‡µ◊Õπ≈à«ßÀπâ“
30
‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ÚÚ ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π §.». Ò˘ÙÒ
«à“°“√∫ÿ°‚®¡µ’¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â ç∑”≈“¬
∫√√¬“°“»§«“¡‡ß’ ¬ ∫‡™’ ¬ ∫∑“ß
§«“¡§‘¥é ‡æ√“–√—∞∫“≈‚´‡«’¬µ‰¥â
ºàÕπ§≈“¬°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‡¢â¡ß«¥∑“ß
 —ߧ¡·≈–¬°‡≈‘°π‚¬∫“¬°“√®—∫°ÿ¡
°«“¥≈â “ ßµ≈Õ¥®π„Àâ  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ‡  √’ ¿ “æ
·°à  ◊Ë Õ ¡«≈™π·≈–ª√–™“™π„π°“√
· ¥ßÕÕ° ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Áª≈ÿ°√–¥¡
§«“¡√—°™“µ‘·≈–‡√’¬°√âÕß°“√ºπ÷°
°”≈—ßµàÕ Ÿâ»—µ√Ÿ ∑—Èß®—¥µ—ÈßÀπ૬ߓπ
‚¶…≥“·≈–ª≈ÿ°√–¥¡ (The Directo-
rate of Propaganda and Agitation)
‡æ◊ËÕ°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬»‘≈ª«—≤π∏√√¡
„À⇢â“∂÷ߪ√–™“™π∑ÿ°√–¥—∫™—Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ
™’È · π–„Àâ µ √–Àπ— ° ∂÷ ß ∫∑∫“∑·≈–
æ—π∏°‘®¢Õßµπ„π ß§√“¡ °“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π
·ª≈ßπ‚¬∫“¬∑“ß —ߧ¡·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
¥— ß °≈à “ «®÷ ß ∑”„Àâ ™à « ߇«≈“√–À«à “ ß
 ß§√“¡∂◊Õ‡ªìπ™à«ß·Ààß°“√ª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬
æ≈‡¡◊Õß‚´‡«’¬µ®“°Õ”π“®∑¡‘âÕß
√—∞·≈–∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√§“¥À«—ß°—π«à“
‡¡◊Ë Õ  ß§√“¡ ‘È π  ÿ ¥ ≈ß ª√–‡∑»®–
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧ√—Èß„À¡à‚¥¬
√–∫Õ∫ª°§√Õß·∫∫‡º¥Á ® °“√Õ— π
™—Ë«√⓬®–‰¡àÀ«π°≈—∫§◊πÕ’° °√–· 
§«“¡√—°™“µ‘·≈–§«“¡À«—ßµàÕÕ𓧵
∑’Ë¢¬“¬µ—«∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»®÷ß¡’ à«π∑”„Àâ
æ√√§ ºŸâπ”·≈–ª√–™“™πºŸ°æ—π°—π
¡“°¢÷Èπ‡æ√“–µà“ß¡’‡ªÑ“À¡“¬√à«¡°—π
∑’Ë®–µàÕ Ÿâ‡Õ“™π–‡¬Õ√¡π’„π ß§√“¡˘
∫√√¬“°“»‡ √’ ∑ “ß — ß §¡·≈–
°“√∑“߇¡◊Õß¿“¬„π‚´‡«’¬µ¥—ß°≈à“«
‰¥â∑”„À⪓ ‡µÕ√å·π§‡°‘¥·√ß∫—π¥“≈
„®·≈–§«“¡µâÕß°“√Õ¬à“ß·√ß°≈â“∑’Ë
Doctor Zhivago:
§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™’«‘µ°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

®–‡¢’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ∑’ËπÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ‰ª®“° ·¢Á ß ·°√à ß ¢ÕßÕÿ ¥ ¡°“√≥å ∑ “ß°“√ ¥â«¬¢âÕÀ“ √â“ßß“πª√–æ—π∏å∑’Ë„Àâ√⓬

°«’π‘æπ∏å·≈–ß“π·ª≈∑’ˇ¢“∑”‡ªìπ
ª√–®” ß“π‡¢’¬π¥—ß°≈à“«‰¡à‡æ’¬ß®–
‡ªì π °“√∂à “ ¬∑Õ¥§«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° π÷ ° §‘ ¥
‚¥¬µ√ß√–À«à “ ߇¢“°— ∫ ‡æ◊Ë Õ π√à « ¡
™“µ‘ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ª≈ÿ ° ‡√â “ §«“¡√— ° ™“µ‘ · ≈–
°“√¡ÿàß¡—Ëπ‡Õ“™π–»—µ√Ÿ‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà¬—ß
µâÕß –∑âÕπ¿“æ¢ÕßÕ𓧵∑’Ë¥’°«à“
‡¡◊Ë Õ ¡’  — 𠵑 ¿ “懰‘ ¥ ¢÷È π Õ’ ° §√—È ß Àπ÷Ë ß
¥â«¬ §«“¡§‘¥·≈–§«“¡ª√“√∂π“
¥— ß °≈à “ «‰¥â ∑”„Àâ ‚ §√߇π◊È Õ À“¢Õß
Doctor Zhivago ‡√‘Ë¡°àÕµ—«¢÷Èπ
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ À≈—ߠߧ√“¡‚≈°
§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú  ‘Èπ ÿ¥≈ß √—∞∫“≈‚´‡«’¬µ
‰¥â¬°‡≈‘°π‚¬∫“¬°“√ºàÕπ§≈“¬∑“ß
 — ß §¡·≈–°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß·≈–°≈— ∫ ¡“„™â
π‚¬∫“¬°“√§«∫§ÿ¡ª°§√ÕßÕ¬à“ß
‡¢â¡ß«¥Õ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß π‚¬∫“¬À≈—°
¢Õß√—∞∫“≈§◊Õ °“√‡ √‘¡ √â“ߧ«“¡
‡¡◊Õ߇æ◊ËÕ °—¥°—Èπ·π«§«“¡§‘¥®“°
ª√–‡∑»ª√–™“∏‘ ª ‰µ¬µ–«— π µ°
√–∫∫‡´π‡´Õ√å · ≈–°“√§«∫§ÿ ¡
ª√–™“™π®÷ ß ∂Ÿ ° π”¡“„™â Õ’ ° §√—È ß
¡’°“√Àâ“¡‚¬°¬â“¬·≈–‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬·≈–ª√–™“™π∑ÿ°§πµâÕß
„™â À π— ß  ◊ Õ ‡¥‘ π ∑“ß¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»
 ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“∑ÿ°√–¥—∫µâÕ߇πâπ
°“√‡ √‘ ¡  √â “ ߧ«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ ¡—Ë π „π°“√
π”¢Õßæ√√§§Õ¡¡‘«π‘ µå °“√ª≈Ÿ°
Ωí ß ·π«§«“¡§‘ ¥ ≈— ∑ ∏‘ ¡ “°´å - ‡≈π‘ π
√«¡∑—È ß À≈— ° °“√ — ® π‘ ¬ ¡·π« — ß §¡
π‘¬¡·≈–Õ◊Ëπ Ê ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§º‘¥À«—ß
Õ¬à“ß¡“°µàÕ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑’ˇ°‘¥
¢÷È π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡¡◊Ë Õ √— ∞ ∫“≈®— ∫ °ÿ ¡
Õ—ππ“ Õ—§¡“‚µ«“ (Anna Akhma-
tova) °—∫¡’Œ“Õ‘≈ ‚´‡™π‚° (Milhail
Zoschenko)Ò  Õßπ—°‡¢’¬π‡√◊Õßπ“¡
ªÑ “ ¬ ’ ª √–‡∑»™“µ‘ „π®¥À¡“¬∑’Ë
‡¢’¬π∂÷ßÕ–‡≈Á°´“π‡¥Õ√å °≈“¥§Õø
(Alexander Gladkov)ÒÒ „π°≈“ß §.».
Ò˘Ùˆ ‡¢“°≈à“««à“‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡À«—ß∑’Ë
®–‡ÀÁ π °“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß Ÿ ≠  ≈“¬
§«“¡ª√“√∂π“∑’Ë ® –‡¢’ ¬ πÀπ— ß  ◊ Õ
¢Õ߇¢“‰¥â ∂Ÿ ° °√–µÿâ π Õ¬à “ ß¡“°Õ’ °
§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß „π§√—Èßπ’ȉ¡à«à“®–¡’Õ–‰√‡°‘¥
¢÷Èπ ‡¢“µâÕ߇¢’¬πß“πÕÕ°¡“„À≥â
‡√◊ËÕß√“«¢Õß Doctor Zhivago ∑’ˇªìπ
‡æ’¬ß‡§â“√à“ß„π§«“¡§‘¥®÷߇√‘¡Ë ª√“°Ø
‡ªìπµ—«Õ—°…√„πª≈“¬ §.». Ò˘Ùˆ
À≈—ß®“°‡¢“‡√‘Ë¡‡¢’¬π‰¥â‰¡àπ“ππ—°
ª“ ‡µÕ√å · π§∫Õ°‡≈à “ „Àâ ÕÕ≈°“
‡ø√‡¥π∫Ÿ√å° (Olga Freidenburg)ÒÚ
≠“µ‘ “«∑’ˇ¢“ π‘∑ π¡·≈–ºŸ°æ—π
¡“µ—Èß·µà‡≈Á°«à“

ç...æ’Ë°”≈—߇¢’¬πÕ–‰√∫“ßÕ¬à“ß∑’Ë≈÷°´÷Èß·≈–‡ªìπ —®∏√√¡ π«π‘¬“¬√âÕ¬°√Õß
¢π“¥¬“«‡≈à¡Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˇªìπß“π‡¢’¬πÕ—π·∑â®√‘߇√◊ËÕß·√°¢Õßæ’Ë ß“π¥—ß°≈à“«‰¡à‡æ’¬ß®–
„Àâ¿“æ∑“ߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å¢Õß√— ‡´’¬„π™à«ß°«à“ Ùı ªï∑’˺à“π¡“ ·µà¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π
®– –∑âÕπ¿“æ∑ÿ°·ßà¡ÿ¡¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß√“«™’«‘µÕ—πÀ¡ÕßÀ¡à𠇻√â“ ≈¥Õ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥...
√«¡∑—Èß∑—»π–¢Õßæ’˵àÕ»‘≈ª– »“ π“ ™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬å ·≈–‡√◊ËÕß√“«Õ◊Ëπ Ê Õ’°π—∫‰¡à∂â«π...
‡π◊ÈÕÀ“∑’Ë∂à“¬∑Õ¥π’È¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠Õ¬à“ß¡“°µàÕæ’Ë æ’ˉ¡àÕ“®¡’™’«‘µµàÕ‰ª‰¥âÕ’°·¡â·µà
ªï‡¥’¬« À“°π«π‘¬“¬∑’ˇªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπµ—«·∑π™’«‘µ¢Õßæ’ˇ√◊ËÕßπ’ȉ¡à‰¥â‡¢’¬π¢÷Èπé ÒÛ

„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ËÕ ÕÕ≈°“ ‡ø√- µ—«ºŸâÀ≠‘ß¡“°°«à“®–„™â “¬µ“¡Õß „π°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√𑵬 “√√“¬‡¥◊Õπ

‡¥π∫Ÿ√å° ¡’‚Õ°“ Õà“π Doctor Zhi-
vago ‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√° ‡∏Õ‰¥â‡¢’¬π∂÷ß
ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§·≈–°≈à“««à“ ç...Zhi-
vago ‡ªì π Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ∑’Ë πà “ ‡°Á ∫ ‰«â ‡ ªì π
 ¡∫—µ‘¡“°°«à“∑’Ë®–„™âÕà“π ‡À¡◊Õπ
°— ∫ ºŸâ ™ “¬∑’Ë µâ Õ ß°“√®–‡ªì π ‡®â “ ¢Õß
...é ÒÙ
„π™à«ß‡«≈“°àÕπÀπâ“°“√‡¢’¬π
Doctor Zhivago ‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ ª“ -
‡µÕ√å · π§¡’ ‚ Õ°“ æ∫·≈–√Ÿâ ®— ° °— ∫
ÕÕ≈°“ Õ’ «‘ π  °“¬“ ‡ªì π §√—È ß ·√°
„π°≈“ß §.». Ò˘Ùˆ ‡∏Õ‡§¬∑”ß“π
Novy Mir ·µàµàÕ¡“≈“ÕÕ° ·≈–¬÷¥
Õ“™’ æ ‡ªì π π— ° ·ª≈Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ·≈–°«’
π‘æπ∏å ‡∏Õ·µàßß“π°—∫‡¢“„πªïµàÕ¡“
·≈–°≈“¬‡ªì π §Ÿà ™’ «‘ µ ∑’Ë ¬◊ 𠇧’ ¬ ß∫à “
‡§’¬ß‰À≈à°—∫ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§µ√“∫®π
‡¢“ ‘Èπ™’«‘µ„π §.». Ò˘ˆ ÕÕ≈°“

 —≠™—¬  ÿ«ß— ∫ÿµ√

31
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
‡ªì π ·√ß∫— 𠥓≈„®·≈–·√ߺ≈— ° ¥— π
 ”§—≠∑’Ë∑”„Àâ Doctor Zhivago ‡ √Á®
 ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å ‡ √Á « ¢÷È π ≈“√“ (Lara) µ—«
≈–§√‡Õ°¢ÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ¡’∫§ÿ ≈‘°≈—°…≥–
À≈“¬ Ê Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë∂à“¬∑Õ¥¡“®“°‡∏Õ
·≈–°«’ π‘ æ π∏å ®”π«π‰¡à πâ Õ ¬∑’Ë ‡ ªì π
 à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õ߇π◊ÈÕÀ“„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ
°Á‡ªìπ°“√‡¢’¬πÕÿ∑‘»„Àâ‡∏Õ À√◊Õ‰¡à°Á
‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß√“«∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫‡∏Õ‚¥¬µ√ß
„π°“√„Àâ ¡— ¿“…≥å·°àπ°— ¢à“«Õ—ß°ƒ…
·Õπ‚∑π’ ∫√“«πå ‡¡◊Ë Õ ª≈“¬‡¥◊ Õ π
°√°Æ“§¡ §.». Ò˘ı˘ ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§
‰¥â ° ≈à “ ««à “ çÕÕ≈°“§◊ Õ ‡æ◊Ë Õ π§Ÿà §‘ ¥
∑’Ë „ °≈â ™‘ ¥ ‡∏Õ¡’  à « π™à « ¬¢â “ 懮⠓
Õ¬à “ ß¡“°∑—È ß „π°“√‡¢’ ¬ πÀπ— ß  ◊ Õ
·≈–„π™’«‘µª√–®”«—π ¥â«¬¡‘µ√¿“æ
¢Õ߇√“ ‡∏Õ∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘π≈ß‚∑… ı ªï
„π«—¬Àπÿà¡ ...‰¡à¡’≈“√“À√◊Õ„§√·¡â
·µà§π‡¥’¬«≈“√“„π«—¬Àπÿà¡ ¢â“懮â“
‰¥â ¡ “®“°ª√– ∫°“√≥å ∑—Ë « Ê ‰ª
·µà≈“√“„π∫—Èπª≈“¬™’«‘µ ¢â“懮â“
∫— π ∑÷ ° ¥â « ¬À— « „®®“°‡≈◊ Õ ¥·≈–°“√
∂Ÿ°§ÿ¡¢—ߢÕßÕÕ≈°“...é Òı
‡¡◊ËÕ‡√‘Ë¡‡¢’¬π Doctor Zhivago
ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§µ—Èß„®®–„Àâ™◊ËÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ
«à“ Boys and Girls À√◊Õ Picture from
Fifty Years of Daily Life ·µà√–À«à“ß
‡¥‘π‡≈àπ°—∫ÕÕ≈°“§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ë߇¢“‰¥âæ∫
Ω“ªî¥∑àÕ∑’Ë¡’µ√“ºŸâº≈‘µ«à“ 癑«“‚°é
‚¥¬∫—߇Ց≠ §«“¡·ª≈°¢Õß™◊ËÕ·≈–
§«“¡À¡“¬∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «‚¬ß°—∫§”„π¿“…“
√—   ‡´’ ¬ ∑’Ë «à “ ç°“√¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿàé À√◊Õ
ç°“√§ßÕ¬Ÿ¢à Õß™’«µ‘ é ∑”„À⪓ ‡µÕ√å-
·π§µ— ¥  ‘ π „®∑’Ë ® –„™â ‡ ªì π ™◊Ë Õ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß
‡π◊ËÕß®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õ®–‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß√“««à“
¥â«¬»√—∑∏“§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„π™’«‘µ·≈–
°“√‡ πÕ·π«§«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë«à“™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà
πÕ°°Æ‡°≥±å¢Õß —ߧ¡ ·≈– ‘Ëß∑’Ë
‰¡à§“¥Ωíπ “¡“√∂Õ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π™’«‘µ
‰¥â‡ ¡Õ ™’«‘µ¢Õß™‘«“‚°§◊Õ‡√◊ËÕß√“«
¢Õߪí≠≠“™πºŸâµàÕ Ÿâ‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡‡ªìπ
Õ‘ √–¢Õß™’«‘µ ·≈–‡Àµÿ°“√≥åµà“ß Ê
∑’Ë ‡ ¢“ª√– ∫°Á ‡ ªì π ‡Àµÿ ° “√≥å ∑’Ë Õ “®
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â°—∫™“«‚´‡«’¬µ∑ÿ°§πÒˆ
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª·∑∫∑ÿ°§√—Èß∑’Ëæ∫°—∫
‚Õ≈°“ ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§¡—°®–查∂÷ß
§«“¡§◊∫Àπâ“¢Õßß“π‡¢’¬π·≈–Õà“π
‡π◊ÈÕÀ“„Àâ‡∏Õøí߇æ◊ËÕ¢Õ§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ
®“°‡∏Õ ∫àÕ¬§√—Èߧπ∑—Èß Õß®–Õà“π
‡π◊ÈÕÀ“∫“ßµÕπÀ√◊Õ∫“ß∫∑„Àâ‡æ◊ËÕπ
ΩŸ ß ∑’Ë „ °≈â ™‘ ¥ À√◊ Õ §π√Ÿâ ®— ° ‡æ◊Ë Õ ¢Õ§”
µ‘™¡ „π™à«ß∑’ˇ¢“‡√‘Ë¡‡¢’¬π Doctor
Zhivago ¢à“«°“√‡¢’¬ππ«π‘¬“¬¥—ß
°≈à “ «‡ªì π ∑’Ë √— ∫ √Ÿâ °— π ·æ√à À ≈“¬·≈–
„πÀ¡ŸàºŸâ„°≈♑¥À√◊Õ°≈ÿà¡∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë™◊Ëπ
™Õ∫º≈ß“π¢Õߪ“ ‡µÕ√å · π§°Á ¡’
‚Õ°“ ‰¥â Õà “ π‡π◊È Õ À“∫“ßµÕπ¢Õß
π«π‘¬“¬ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ‡¡◊ËÕ√—∞∫“≈
‚´‡«’ ¬ µ‡√‘Ë ¡ §«∫§ÿ ¡ §«“¡§‘ ¥ ‡ÀÁ π
· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õߪ√–™“™π·≈–°«“¥
≈â“ߪí≠≠“™πÕ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß ∑“ß°“√
‚´‡«’¬µ®÷ß„™â¢“à «‡°’¬Ë «°—∫Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡ªìπ
 “‡Àµÿ®—∫°ÿ¡ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ „π‡¥◊Õπ
µÿ≈“§¡ §.». Ò˘Ù˘ ÕÕ≈°“°Á∂Ÿ°®—∫
·≈–∑“ß°“√∫’∫∫—ߧ—∫„Àâ‡∏Õ¬Õ¡√—∫
«à“ Doctor Zhivago ∑’˪“ ‡µÕ√å·π§
°”≈— ß ‡¢’ ¬ π‡ªì π ß“πª√–æ— π ∏å ∑’Ë ¡’ ®ÿ ¥
¡ÿà ß À¡“¬„Àâ √â “ ¬ªÑ “ ¬ ’ µà Õ  À¿“æ
‚´‡«’ ¬ µ·≈–Õÿ ¥ ¡°“√≥å  — ß §¡π‘ ¬ ¡
·µà°“√ªØ‘‡ ∏¢ÕßÕÕ≈°“∑”„Àâ¢Õâ Õâ“ß
32
∑’Ë ® –®— ∫ °ÿ ¡ ª“ ‡µÕ√å · π§≈â ¡ ‡À≈«
ÕÕ≈°“∂Ÿ°§ÿ¡¢—ß ≥ »Ÿπ¬å∫—≠™“°“√
µ”√«®≈—∫∑’Ë≈Ÿ‡∫’¬π°“‡ªìπ‡«≈“À≈“¬
‡¥◊ Õ π°à Õ π∑’Ë ® –∂Ÿ ° µ— ¥  ‘ π ‚∑…„Àâ ‰ ª
∑”ß“πÀπ—°‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ı ªï∑’Ë§à“¬°—°
°—π (Collective Labour Camp)Ò˜ ·¡â
«à“°“√®—∫°ÿ¡®–∑”„À⪓ ‡µÕ√å·π§
¢«—≠‡ ’¬ ·µà‡¢“°Á‰¡àÀ«“¥°≈—«µàÕ
Õ”π“®√—∞·≈–¬—ߧߡÿàß¡—Ëπ‡¢’¬πß“π
µàÕ∑—ÈߥŸ®–¡’°”≈—ß„®¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕ
ÕÕ≈°“„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“‰¥â√—∫Õ‘ √¿“æ
„π §.». Ò˘ıÛ µâπ©∫—∫ Doctor
Zhivago °Á‡¢’¬π‡°◊Õ∫®–‡ √Á® ¡-
∫Ÿ√≥å„πµâπ©∫—∫∑’ˇ¢“¡Õ∫„Àâ·°à‡∏Õ
„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“ ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§‡¢’¬π
§”Õÿ ∑‘ » ‰«â «à “ ç ”À√—∫≈“√“®“°¬Ÿ√’
¥â«¬À—«„® ·≈–§«“¡∑√ß®”∑—ÈßÀ¡¥é
‡π◊ÈÕÀ“¢Õß Zhivago
‡«√“ Õ–‡≈Á ° ´— π ¥√Õøπ“
(Vera Alexandrovna) π—°«‘®“√≥å
«√√≥°√√¡‚´‡«’¬µ°≈à“««à“  “√–
À≈— ° ¢ÕßÀπ— ß  ◊ Õ §◊ Õ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«§”
 “√¿“æ¢Õߪí ≠ ≠“™πºŸâ ‰ ¡à ¡’  à « π
√à«¡„π°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«ªØ‘«—µ‘‰¡à«à“®–
‡ªìπ°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘„π §.». Ò˘ı (Revo-
lution of 1905) À√◊Õ°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘‡¥◊Õπ
µÿ≈“§¡ §.». Ò˘Ò˜ §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°°âπ
∫÷Èß„πÀ—«„®·≈–‚≈°·Ààß®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥
∑’ˇªìπÕ‘ √–¢Õß™‘«“‚°§◊Õ‡√◊ËÕß√“«∑’Ë
‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπµ—«·∑π¢Õß™’«‘µªí≠≠“
™π√— ‡´’¬Ò¯ ¬Ÿ√’ ™‘«“‚° µ—«≈–§√‡Õ°
‡ªìππ—°§‘¥°«’ ·≈–‡ªìπ𓬷æ∑¬å∑’Ë
¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂ ·¡â‡¢“®–‡µ‘∫‚µ·≈–
∂Ÿ°‡≈’ȬߥŸ∑à“¡°≈“ß ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡
Doctor Zhivago:
§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™’«‘µ°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß

„π·«¥«ß¢Õß™π™—Èπ Ÿß ·µà„π∞“π–
ªí®‡®°™π™‘«“‚°°Á·ª≈°·¬°®“°°≈ÿ¡à
™π™—ÈπºŸâ¥’¥—ß°≈à“« ‡¢“»÷°…“ª√—™≠“
«√√≥§¥’ ·≈–¡’§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ∑’ˇªìπ
Õ‘ √–µàÕ‡√◊ËÕßµà“ß Ê ™‘«“‚°‡¢’¬π°«’
π‘æπ∏å (ÚÙ ∫∑ ‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ à«π
Àπ÷ËߢÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ) ·≈–¥◊Ë¡¥Ë”°—∫™’«‘µ
·≈–„™â™’«‘µÕ¬à“ß¡’§ÿ≥§à“·≈–§«“¡
À¡“¬ (¥â«¬°“√‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß
∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈–‰¡à∂Ÿ°®”°—¥‡ √’¿“æ)
·¡â ™‘ « “‚°®–¡’  à « π√à « ¡‡°’Ë ¬ «
¢âÕß∑“ßÕâÕ¡„π ß§√“¡‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Ò
·≈–°“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ‡ ¥◊ Õ πµÿ ≈ “§¡ §.».
Ò˘Ò˜ ·µà°“√‡¢â“√à«¡¢Õ߇¢“°ÁÕ¬Ÿà
„π∞“π–§ππÕ° ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡¢“‰¡àµâÕß
°“√®–ºŸ ° æ— π µπ‡Õß°— ∫ ‡Àµÿ ° “√≥å
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ
„π√–¬–·√°™‘ « “‚°¬Õ¡√— ∫ °“√¬÷ ¥
Õ”π“®¢Õßæ√√§∫Õ≈‡™«‘ § (Bol-
sheviks)Ò˘ ·≈–™◊Ëπ™¡°—∫°√–· °“√
ªØ‘«—µ‘·≈–°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑’ˉÀ≈∫à“
‰ª∑—Ë«√— ‡´’¬ ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ‡¢“‡√‘Ë¡∂Ÿ°ΩÉ“¬
ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ∫’ ∫ ∫— ß §— ∫ „Àâ ¡’ «‘ ∂’ ™’ «‘ µ µ“¡
·π«∑“ß∑’Ëæ√√§§Õ¡¡‘«π‘ µå°”Àπ¥
™‘«“‚°®÷ßµàÕµâ“π·≈–Õæ¬æ§√Õ∫§√—«
≈’È¿—¬®“°°√ÿß¡Õ ‚°‰ª¬Ÿ√“≈ √–À«à“ß
‡ âπ∑“߇¢“æ∫°—∫¿—¬æ‘∫—µ‘·≈–§«“¡
À“¬π–∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°∑ÿæ¿‘°¢¿—¬ §«“¡
Õ¥Õ¬“° ·≈– ß§√“¡°≈“߇¡◊ Õ ß
(§.». Ò˘Ò¯-Ò˘ÚÒ) „π¬Ÿ√“≈ ·¡â
™‘ « “‚°®–¡’ ™’ «‘ µ Õ¬à “ ß ß∫ ÿ ¢ ·µà °Á
‡æ’¬ß™à«ß‡«≈“Õ—π —Èπ ·≈–∑’Ëπ’ˇ¢“æ∫
°—∫≈“√“ 欓∫“≈ “«ºŸâ‡§¬√à«¡ß“π
°— π „π·π«Àπâ “ °“√æ∫°— π §√—È ß π’È ‰ ¥â
π”¡“´÷Ë ß ‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«¢Õߧ«“¡√— ° ·≈–
 —≠™—¬  ÿ«ß— ∫ÿµ√
ºŸ ° æ— π ∑’Ë ∂à “ ¬∑Õ¥‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ߥ◊Ë ¡ ¥Ë”
≈–‡¡’¬¥≈–‰¡·≈–πà“ª√–∑—∫„®∑’Ë ÿ¥
„π«√√≥°√√¡‚´‡«’¬µ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
„πµÕπ®∫¢ÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ ™‘«“‚°°ÁµâÕß
æ≈—¥æ√“°®“°≈“√“ §√Õ∫§√—«¢Õß
‡¢“∂Ÿ ° ‡π√‡∑»ÕÕ°πÕ°ª√–‡∑»
™‘«“‚°‡¥‘π∑“ß°≈—∫°√ÿß¡Õ ‚°¥â«¬
À—«„®∑’Ë·µ° ≈“¬  ‘ÈπÀ«—ß ·≈–∑⓬
∑’Ë ÿ¥®∫™’«‘µÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«¥“¬¥â«¬‚√§
À—«„®∑’Ë∑âÕß∂ππ¢Õßπ§√‡§√¡≈‘π
√Ÿª·∫∫°“√‡¢’¬π∑’˺ ¡º “π
·≈– ≈— ∫ °≈— ∫ ‰ª¡“√–À«à “ ß°“√
æ√√≥π“·∫∫¡À“°“æ¬å°—∫°“√„™â
¿“…“ ≈– ≈«¬ß¥ß“¡·≈–ÕàÕπÀ«“π
„π√Ÿ ª °«’ π‘ æ π∏å ∑”„Àâ Doctor Zhi-
vago ¡’‚§√ß √â“߇©æ“–µ—«∑’¡Ë ≈’ °— …≥–
摇»…·µ°µà“ß®“°√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õßπ«-
π‘ ¬ “¬∑—Ë « ‰ª ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°«’ π‘ æ π∏å
Úı ∫∑ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π  à « πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß
Àπ—ß ◊Õ °«’π‘æπ∏套߰≈à“«‰¡à‡æ’¬ß
 –∑âÕ𧫓¡¥◊Ë¡¥Ë”µàÕ™’«‘µ·≈–§«“¡
§‘¥§”π÷ߢÕߪ“ ‡µÕ√å·π§„π∞“π–
°«’‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà¬—ß‡ªìπ —≠≈—°…≥å·Ààß
°“√¥”√ßÕ¬Ÿà¢Õß™’«‘µ·≈–™—¬™π–¢Õß
™‘«“‚°„π¢—Èπ ÿ¥∑⓬ Àπ—ß ◊Õ®÷߇ªìπ
∑—Èß∫∑∫—π∑÷°ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√堗ߧ¡∑’Ë
 –∑âÕπºà“π™–µ“™’«‘µ¢Õßªí®‡®°™π
·≈–‡ªì π π«π‘ ¬ “¬‡™‘ ß Õ— µ ™’ « ª√–«— µ‘
∑’Ë ∂à “ ¬∑Õ¥ª√– ∫°“√≥å ™’ «‘ µ ¢Õß
ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§Ú  “√–À≈—°¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß
Õ¬Ÿà ∑’Ë ° “√µà Õ  Ÿâ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ §«“¡‡ªì π Õ‘   √–
¢Õßªí®‡®°™π µ—«≈–§√À≈—°≈â«π‡ªìπ
ªí ≠ ≠“™πºŸâ ¡’ ™’ «‘ µ ∑à “ ¡°≈“ߧ«“¡
º— π º«π‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß
√–À«à“ß §.». Ò˘Û-Ò˘Û ·¡âµ—«
33
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
≈–§√À≈—°®– —ß°—¥„π™π™—Èπªí≠≠“
™π·≈–π— ° «‘ ® “√≥å µ –«— π µ°®”π«π
‰¡àπâÕ¬¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“Àπ—ß ◊Õ§◊Õ‡√◊ËÕß
√“«§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߪí≠≠“™π
°— ∫ °“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ · ≈–°“√‡ ’ ¬ ¥ ’  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë
‡√’¬°«à“ çÕÿ¥¡°“√≥å√— ‡´’¬é (Rus-
sian Ideology) À√◊Õ Ÿµ√ ”‡√Á®¢Õß
π‚¬∫“¬æ√√§∑’˪í≠≠“™π∑—Ë«‰ªµà“ß
¬Õ¡√—∫ ·µàµ—«≈–§√ª√–°Õ∫Õ◊Ëπ Ê
°Á ¡ “®“°™’ «‘ µ ºŸâ § π∑ÿ ° √–¥— ∫ ™—È π ¢Õß
 —ߧ¡ ºŸâ§π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥À≈Õ¡√«¡‡ªìπ
™’«‘µ‡¥’¬«°—π„µâ°√–· ∏“√°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘
·≈–°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑“ß —ߧ¡·≈–
°“√‡¡◊Õß ·µà≈–§πµà“ß¡’∫∑∫“∑∫π
‡ â π ∑“ß™’ «‘ µ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ¢Õßµπ‡Õß‚¥¬
‡©æ“– µ—«≈–§√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„π∑—»π–¢Õß
π—°«‘®“√≥å∫“ß°≈ÿà¡®÷ß∂◊Õ«à“¡‘„™à¿“æ
µ—«·∑π·Ààߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å ·µà‡ªìπ
¿“æ√«¡‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«¢Õß¡πÿ … ¬å ∑—Ë « ‰ª
∑’Ë¡’™’«‘µµàÕ Ÿâ¥‘Èπ√π¿“¬„µâ°√–· °“√
‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ߢÕß — ß §¡·≈–‚≈°
°“√‡≈◊ËÕπ‰À≈¢Õß™’«‘µ·≈–‡Àµÿ°“√≥å
§«“¡∫—߇Ց≠Õ—π‰¡à§“¥Ωíπ
™’«‘µ°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß
Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡ªî¥‡√◊ËÕߥ⫬°“√∫√√-
¬“¬æ‘ ∏’ » æ·¡à ™‘ « “‚°·≈–„Àâ ¿ “æ
¿Ÿ¡À‘ ≈—ߢÕߧ√Õ∫§√—«À≈“¬§√Õ∫§√—«
∑’˺Ÿ°æ—π°—π¥â«¬ “¬‚≈À‘µ §«“¡‡ªìπ
≠“µ‘·≈–§«“¡ π‘∑ π¡©—π¡‘µ√ À“¬
ºŸâÕà“π®–‡ÀÁπ™’«‘µ¢ÕߺŸâ§π Û √ÿàπ ·µà
‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«¢ÕߧπÀπÿà ¡  “«√ÿà π ≈Ÿ ° ºŸâ ¡’
™–µ“™’«‘µæ—«æ—π°—∫‡Àµÿ°“√≥åªØ‘«—µ‘
·≈–§«“¡º—πº«π∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß §◊Õ
·π«§‘¥À≈—°¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß „π√–¬–·√°
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
·¡â°“√ª√“∫ª√“¡°“√™ÿ¡πÿ¡ª√–∑â«ß
Õ¬à “ ß — 𠵑 ¢ Õߪ√–™“™π„π°“√
ªØ‘«—µ‘√— ‡´’¬ §.». Ò˘ı ®–„Àâ¿“æ
§«“¡‚À¥√⓬ªÉ“‡∂◊ËÕπ¢Õß√–∫∫´“√å
·µàµ—«≈–§√À≈—°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‚¥¬‡©æ“–
™‘ « “‚°°Á ‡ ªì π ‡æ’ ¬ ߺŸâ  — ß ‡°µ°“√≥å
¿“¬πÕ° °“√‡¡◊ÕßÀ√◊Õ°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘
∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ™’«‘µ¢Õßæ«°
‡¢“πâ Õ ¬¡“° ™‘ « “‚°·¡â ® –‡ÀÁ π „®
°≈ÿà ¡ ºŸâ ™ÿ ¡ πÿ ¡ ·µà ‡ ¢“‰¡à   π„®ªí ≠ À“
°“√‡¡◊Õ߇æ√“–§«“¡ π„®¢Õ߇¢“
Õ¬Ÿà∑’˪√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å »‘≈ª– ·≈–§«“¡
µâÕß°“√∑’Ë®–‡¢’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ
™‘«“‚°‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ«à“§«“¡ “¡“√∂
 √â “ ß √√§å ∑”„Àâ ¡ πÿ … ¬å ‡ ªì π ºŸâ   √â “ ß
§ÿ≥§à“·≈–„À⧫“¡À¡“¬∑ÿ° Ê Õ¬à“ß
·°à  — ß §¡·≈–‚≈° ·≈–™’ «‘ µ §◊ Õ °“√
º®≠¿—¬Õ—ππà“¡À—»®√√¬å„π‚≈°·Ààß
§«“¡ª√“√∂π“¢Õß«‘≠≠“≥ Õ“√¡≥å
 — ≠ ™“µ≠“≥·≈–§«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° π÷ ° §‘ ¥
µ—Èß·µà·√°™‘«“‚°ªØ‘‡ ∏ ∂“π¿“æ
¢Õß¡πÿ … ¬å „ π∞“π– — µ «å ° “√‡¡◊ Õ ß
·≈–‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫«à“™’«‘µ∂Ÿ°°”Àπ¥¥â«¬
‡ß◊Ë Õ π‰¢∑“߇»√…∞°‘ ® ·≈– — ß §¡
‡¢“®÷ß·¬°µ—«‚¥¥‡¥’ˬ«®“°°“√‡¡◊Õß
‡æ√“–‡ÀÁ π «à “ ™’ «‘ µ ‰¡à Õ “®¡’ Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈
µàÕ°“√‡¡◊Õ߉¥â ·¡Á° ‡Œ¬å«“√å¥ (Max
Hayward) π—°«√√≥§¥’‚´‡«’¬µ»÷°…“
°≈à“««à“ ∑—»π–¢Õß™‘«“‚°µàÕ°“√‡¡◊Õß
‡ªìπ∑—»π–‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°¢Õß
™“«√— ‡´’¬µàÕ¥‘πøÑ“Õ“°“»∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“
çObyvateé °≈à“«§◊Õ °“√«“߇©¬‰¡à¬ßÿà
‡°’ˬ« ≈—°…≥–¥—ß°≈à“«À“°æ‘®“√≥“
®“°·ßà¡ÿ¡°“√‡¡◊Õß ·¡â®–¥Ÿ‡ªìπ°“√
¬Õ¡®”ππ·µà °Á ¡’ § «“¡¬◊ ¥ À¬ÿà π Õ¬Ÿà
„πµ— « ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°§«“¡§‘ ¥ ·≈–°“√
°√–∑”¢÷È π Õ¬Ÿà °— ∫ °“√µ— ¥  ‘ π „®¢Õß
ªí®‡®°™π‡ªì𠔧—≠ ™‘«“‚°‡ÀÁπ«à“
æ— ≤ π“°“√§«“¡‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß∑“ß
 —ߧ¡·≈–ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√凪ìπ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“
 à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß™’«‘µ·≈–‚≈°∏√√¡™“µ‘
·≈–™’«‘µπ—Èπ¬‘Ëß„À≠à·≈– Ÿß à߇Àπ◊Õ
 ‘ËßÕ◊Ëπ„¥ ·¡â√— ‡´’¬®–‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
·≈–∑ÿ°™’«µ‘ µâÕ߇º™‘≠°—∫°“√ªØ‘«µ— -‘
∑—Èß„π à«π∑’ˇªìπ°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘¢Õß à«π
∫ÿ§§≈·≈– à«π√«¡ ·µà§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß
√–À«à“ß™’«‘µ°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß°Á‰¡àÕ“®¢—¥
¢«“ß°“√· «ßÀ“ ‘Ëß∑’Ë®– √â“ߧ«“¡
æ÷ßæÕ„®„Àâ·°à™’«‘µ‰¥â ÚÒ
™‘«“‚°µàÕµâ“π ç™’«‘µ ”‡√Á®√Ÿªé
∑’Ëæ√√§∫Õ≈‡™«‘§°”Àπ¥ ·≈–‡≈◊Õ°
®–¡’ ™’ «‘ µ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π Õ‘   √–πÕ°‡Àπ◊ Õ °Æ
‡°≥±å¢Õß —ߧ¡·≈–°“√‰¢«à§«â“¬÷¥
¬◊ÈÕ¢Õß°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑“ߪ√–«—µ‘-
»“ µ√å ·¡â‡¢“®–¡’™’«‘µÕ‘ √–∑’ˇªìπ
¢Õßµπ‡Õß„π√–¬–‡«≈“Õ—π —Èπ ·µà
∑⓬∑’Ë ÿ¥°“√À≈Õ¡√«¡¢Õß™’«‘µ°—∫
°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß∫π‡ â π ∑“ß°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π
·ª≈ßÕ—πÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߉¡à‰¥â¢Õߪ√–«—µ‘-
»“ µ√剥â∑”„À♑«“‚°µâÕß®∫™’«‘µ≈ß
¥â«¬æ≈—ß∫’∫°¥¢Õß —ߧ¡ °√–π—Èπ
°“√§√Ë”§√«≠¢Õß≈“√“µàջ晑«“‚°
„πµÕπ∑⓬‡√◊ËÕß°Á –∑âÕπ°“√°Õ∫°Ÿâ
‡°’¬√µ‘‡æ◊ËÕª°ªÑÕß„π ‘Ëß∑’Ë™‘«“‚°‡™◊ËÕ
¡—Ëπ ·≈–π—Ëπ§◊ժؑ°‘√‘¬“µÕ∫‚µâ¢Õß
ª“ ‡µÕ√å · π§µà Õ √–∫∫°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß∑’Ë
¥”√ßÕ¬Ÿà´÷Ëß¡’π—¬∂÷ß™—¬™π–„π¢—Èπ ÿ¥
∑⓬¢Õß™‘«“‚°
ª“ ‡µÕ√å · π§∂◊ Õ «à “ Doctor
34
Zhivago §◊ Õ ß“π™‘È π ‡Õ°¢Õ߇¢“
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ  –∑â Õ π™–µ“™’ «‘ µ
„π à«π∑’ËÀ¡ÕßÀ¡à𠬓°≈”∫“°·≈–
‡µÁ¡‰ª¥â«¬§«“¡À¥ÀŸà∑âÕ·∑âÕ—π‰¡à¡’
∑’Ë ‘Èπ ÿ¥„À⺟âÕà“π‰¥â‡ÀÁπ ·µà§«“¡
À«— ß ·≈–§«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ ¡—Ë π µà Õ ™’ «‘ µ ¢Õß
™‘«“‚°‰¥â∑”„À⇢“‡ªìπ‰∑ À≈ÿ¥æâπ
®“°æ—π∏π“°“√·≈–§«“¡™—Ë«√⓬¢Õß
 —ߧ¡ ™‘«“‚°®÷߇ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπµ—«·∑π
æ≈—ß°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«¢Õß™’«‘µ ª“ -
‡µÕ√å · 𧂥¬∑“ßÕâ Õ ¡‰¥â ª Ø‘ ‡  ∏
·π«∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ÕßÀ√◊ÕÀ≈—°°“√¢Õß
∫Õ≈‡™«‘§∑’Ë®–‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß‚≈°·≈–
°“√ √â“ß —ߧ¡„À¡à µ≈Õ¥∑—ÈßµàÕµâ“π
§«“¡§‘¥¢Õß≈—∑∏‘¡“°´å (Marxism)
∑’Ë«à“ ¡πÿ…¬å‡ªìπº≈º≈‘µ¢Õß —ߧ¡
·≈– ¿“槫“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà∑“ß —ߧ¡§◊Õ
 ‘Ë ß °”À𥧫“¡π÷ ° §‘ ¥ ¢Õß¡πÿ … ¬å
Àπ—ß ◊Õ®÷߇ πÕ§«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë«à“ §«“¡
 ”‡√Á ® ·≈–§«“¡™Õ∫∏√√¡¢Õß°“√
ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ® –‡ªì π ∑’Ë ¬ Õ¡√— ∫ ‰¥â °Á µà Õ ‡¡◊Ë Õ
°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘π—Èπ Õ¥§≈âÕߪ√– “π°—∫
™’ «‘ µ °“√欓¬“¡°”Àπ¥√Ÿ ª ·∫∫
∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß — ß §¡¡“∫— ß §— ∫ „™â °— ∫
™’ «‘ µ §◊ Õ æ◊È π ∞“π·Àà ß §«“¡‰¡à ‡ ¢â “ „®
™’«‘µ·≈–‡ªì𧫓¡≈⡇À≈«¢Õß°“√
ªØ‘«—µ‘
™‘ « “‚°µ√–Àπ— ° «à “ °“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘
‰¡à‡æ’¬ß®– √â“ߧ«“¡À«—ß ·≈–π”¡“
´÷Ëߧ«“¡‡ªìπ√–‡∫’¬∫·Ààß —ߧ¡„À¡à
‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà¬—ß𔧫“¡À“¬π– §«“¡
 ¬¥ ¬Õ߇À’È ¬ ¡‚À¥ ·≈–°“√πÕß
‡≈◊Õ¥¥â«¬ ‡¢“ —߇°µ«à“„π™à«ß¢Õß
°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß·≈–
 —ߧ¡ ™’«‘µ∑“ß«—≤π∏√√¡·≈–§«“¡
Doctor Zhivago:
§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™’«‘µ°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß

‡ªìπÕ‘ √–¢Õßªí®‡®°™π‰¥â∂Ÿ°∑”≈“¬
≈ß ·≈– ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ¬÷ ¥ ‡Àπ’Ë ¬ «„Àâ °”≈— ß „π
ºŸâ§π°Á§◊Õ “¬ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈„π
§√Õ∫§√—«·≈–§«“¡ºŸ°æ—π√–À«à“ß
ºŸâ „ °≈â ™‘ ¥ „π°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß∑“ß
°“√‡¡◊ÕßÕ—π ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘
™π™—Èπªí≠≠“™π∑’ˇ§¬¡’∫∑∫“∑∑“ß
§«“¡§‘¥„π ¡—¬´“√剥âÀ¡¥Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈
≈ß ·≈–®”π«π‰¡àπâÕ¬‰¥âª√–°“»µπ
‡ªìπ∫Õ≈‡™«‘§‡æ◊ÕË  π—∫ πÿπ°“√ªØ‘«µ— ‘
‡æ√“–‡ÀÁ π «à “ °“√¢ÿ ¥ √“°∂Õπ‚§π
 —ߧ¡‡°à“‡ªìπ ‘Ëß®”‡ªìπ ”À√—∫°“√
«“ß√“°∞“π¢Õß —ߧ¡„À¡à ·≈–°“√
„™â§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß„π°“√ªØ‘«µ— ‡‘ ªì𧫓¡
®”‡ªìπ∑’ËÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߉¡à‰¥â ·¡â«à“™‘«“‚°
®–‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬°—∫∑—»π–¥—ß°≈à“« ·≈–
µà Õ µâ “ π°“√ Ÿ ≠ ‡ ’ ¬ §«“¡‡ªì π Õ‘   √–
¢Õßªí®‡®°™π∑’¬Ë Õ¡„À♫’ µ‘ ∂Ÿ°À≈Õ¡
√«¡‡¢â “ ‡ªì π  à « πÀπ÷Ë ß ¢Õß°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß
·µà ‡ ¢“°Á ¬ Õ¡√— ∫ °“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß∑’Ë
‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ·¡â‡¢“®–«‘µ°°—ß«≈°—∫Õ𓧵
·Àà ß √–∫Õ∫ — ß §¡π‘ ¬ ¡∑’Ë ¬— ß ‰¡à Õ “®
§“¥°“√≥剥⠷µà‡¢“°Áæ√âÕ¡∑’Ë®–‡ ’¬
 ≈–µπ‡Õ߇æ◊ËÕº≈ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß à«π
√«¡ §«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—ËπµàÕÕ𓧵·≈–°“√
¬Õ¡√—∫°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß™‘«“‚°
®÷߉¡à‰¥â‡°‘¥®“°»√—∑∏“§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ
„πæ≈—ß√«¡·Ààß¡«≈™π ·µà¡“®“°
§«“¡‡ÀÁπÕ°‡ÀÁπ„®‡æ◊ËÕπ¡πÿ…¬å·≈–
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„𧫓¡‡ªìπÕ‘ √–·≈–
§«“¡ “¡“√∂ √â“ß √√§å¢Õßªí®‡®°-
™π
Õ¬à “ ߉√°Á µ “¡ ª√– ∫°“√≥å
™’«‘µ∑’Ë™‘«“‚°‰¥â√—∫„π™à«ß·Ààß°“√°àÕ
µ—«¢Õß ç —ß§¡„À¡àé µ“¡Õÿ¥¡°“√≥å
 —≠™—¬  ÿ«ß— ∫ÿµ√
¢Õß°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘∑à“¡°≈“ߧ«“¡æ‘π“»
À“¬π–„π ß§√“¡°≈“߇¡◊Õß√— ‡´’¬
§.». Ò˘Ò¯-Ò˘ÚÒ ¡’  à « π∑”„Àâ
§«“¡‡™◊ÕË ¡—πË µàÕ°“√ªØ‘«µ— ¢‘ Õß™‘«“‚°
‡√‘Ë¡‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß §«“¡∑“√ÿ≥‚À¥√⓬
·≈–§«“¡¬‚ ‚ÕÀ— ß ¢Õßπ— ° ªØ‘ «— µ‘
∫Õ≈‡™«‘§∑’˵âÕß°“√∑”≈“¬∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß
‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ∫√√≈ÿ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß
∑”„À♑«“‚°‡√‘Ë¡µ—Èߧ”∂“¡°—∫ —ߧ¡
·≈–µπ‡Õß „π™à«ß∑’ˇ¢“≈⡇®Á∫¥â«¬
‰¢â√“° “¥∑’Ë°”≈—ß√–∫“¥‰ª∑—Ë«°√ÿß
¡Õ ‚° ‡¢“Ωíπ∂÷ß°“√µàÕ Ÿâ√–À«à“ß
§«“¡µ“¬°—∫§«“¡µâÕß°“√¡’™«’ µ‘ √Õ¥
·≈–§«“¡ ”‡√Á®¢Õ߇¢“„π∞“π–°«’
¿“槫“¡Ωíπ·≈–§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß∑“ß
§«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë∫’∫§—È𮑵„®¡’º≈„À♑«“‚°
´÷ËßÕ¬Ÿà„π ¿“«–√–À«à“ߧ«“¡‡ªìπ°—∫
§«“¡µ“¬„π∑â “ ¬∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ µ√–Àπ— ° «à “
Õ–‰√§◊Õ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ¢“µâÕß°“√ ‡¢“®÷ߪؑ-
‡ ∏∑’Ë ® –¬Õ¡ ≈–™’ «‘ µ „Àâ · °à  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ¬— ß
¡Õ߉¡à‡ÀÁπ (√–∫Õ∫ —ߧ¡π‘¬¡) ·≈–
µâÕß°“√®–¡’™’«‘µÕ‘ √–¢Õßµπ‡Õß ¡’
§«“¡√—°·≈–™◊Ëπ™¡°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’Ë„Àâ§ÿ≥§à“
·≈–§«“¡À¡“¬·°à™’«‘µ ‡ªìπµâπ«à“
°«’πæ‘ π∏å »‘≈ª– ∏√√¡™“µ‘ §√Õ∫§√—«
·≈–Õ◊πË Ê ™‘«“‚°®÷ߪؑ‡ ∏Õÿ¥¡°“√≥å
∑—ÈßΩÉ“¬´â“¬·≈–ΩÉ“¬¢«“·≈–‰¡àµâÕß
°“√ºŸ°¡—¥™’«‘µ¢Õ߇¢“°—∫Õÿ¥¡°“√≥å
∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß ‡¢“µ—¥ ‘π„®∑’Ë®–‡≈◊Õ°
‡ âπ∑“ß™’«‘µ¢Õßµπ‡Õß ¥â«¬·π«§‘¥
·≈–®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬¥—ß°≈à“« ™‘«“‚°®÷ß
¡’ ™’ «‘ µ ∑’Ë   Õ¥§≈â Õ ß°— ∫ À≈— ° ª√— ™ ≠“
¢Õߪ“ ‡µÕ√å·π§´÷Ë߇™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„πæ≈—ß
Õ”π“®¢Õß™’ «‘ µ ·≈–§«“¡ “¡“√∂
¢Õßªí®‡®°™π ‚¥¬π—¬¥—ß°≈à“« ·¡â
35
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
‡¢“®–µàÕµâ“π√–∫∫°“√‡¡◊Õß ·µà™«‘ “-
‚°°Á‰¡à‰¥âµàÕ Ÿâ∑”≈“¬¡—𠧫“¡æà“¬
·æâ¢Õ߇¢“„πµÕπ®∫®÷߇ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß√“«
Õ—ππà“‡»√â“¢Õß ç‡À¬◊ÕË ºŸ¬â Õ¡®”ππé
∑’‡Ë ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫‰¥â°∫— ‡√◊ÕË ß√“«°“√¬Õ¡
®”ππ¢Õ߇À≈à“ªí≠≠“™π√— ‡´’¬µàÕ
Õ”π“®°“√‡¡◊Õß„π™à«ß ¡—¬ µ“≈‘π
√–À«à“ß §.». Ò˘ÚÙ-Ò˘ıÛÚÚ
À≈—ß®“°À“¬ªÉ«¬ ™‘«“‚°·≈–
§√Õ∫§√—«Õæ¬æ®“°°√ÿß¡Õ ‚°‰ª
¬Ÿ√“≈ ·≈–æ—°∑’Ë«“√’°‘‚π (Varikino)
™π∫∑‡≈Á° Ê ¢Õ߇¡◊Õ߬Ÿ‡√’¬µ‘π (Yu-
riatin) °“√‡¥‘π∑“ߧ√—Èßπ’ȇªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ
§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡∑’Ë®–°â“«„ÀâÀ≈ÿ¥æâπ‰ª
®“°ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å‡æ◊ËÕ‡¢â“ Ÿà‚≈°·Ààß
™’«‘µ∑’ˇªìπ¢Õßµπ‡Õß ·µà‚¥¬§«“¡
‡ªì π ®√‘ ß ·≈â « §√Õ∫§√— « ¢Õß™‘ « “‚°
°”≈—߇√‘Ë¡µâπ°“√‡¥‘π∑“ßÕ—π¬“«π“π
¥—ßπ—Èπ ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“¢ÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ„π§√÷Ë߇≈à¡
À≈—ß®÷߇ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß√“«°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß·≈–
Õÿª √√§∑’˵âÕ߇º™‘≠‚¥¬ –∑âÕπºà“π
™’«‘µ¢Õßªí®‡®°™π §√Õ∫§√—« ·≈–
°Õß∑—æ·¥ß (Red Army) ∑à“¡°≈“ß
 ¿“æ°≈’¬ÿ§·Ààߠߧ√“¡°≈“߇¡◊Õß
ºŸâ Õà “ π®–‡ÀÁ π ™’ «‘ µ ∑’Ë ∂Ÿ ° æ≈— ¥ æ√“°
·µ°·¬° ·≈–°“√À«π°≈— ∫ ¡“æ∫
°—πÕ’°Õ¬à“߉¡à§“¥Ωíπ √«¡∑—Èß°“√
æ≈—¥æ√“°°—πÕ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß °“√‡¥‘π
∑“ßæ—°·√¡∑’Ë«“√’°‘‚πæ√âÕ¡°—∫°“√
®— ∫ °ÿ ¡ ™‘ « “‚°„π√–À«à “ ߇Àµÿ ° “√≥å
∑’Ë « “√’ °‘ ‚ π§√—È ß ∑’Ë Ò ·≈–§√—È ß ∑’Ë Ú
§◊ÕÀ—«„® ”§—≠¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß ‡√◊ËÕß√“«∑’Ë
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„Àâ¿“æ™’«‘µ„π™à«ß‡«≈“·Ààß
 —πµ‘¿“æ·≈– ß§√“¡ √«¡∑—Èß™’«‘µ∑’Ë
µ°Õ¬Ÿà¿“¬„µâ°√–· °“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

¢Õߪ√–«—µ»‘ “ µ√å·≈–∑’ÕË ¬Ÿπà Õ°‡Àπ◊Õ
‡ âπ∑“ß·Ààߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å ÚÛ
„π°“√æ—°æ‘ß∑’Ë«“√’°‘‚π§√—Èß·√°
™‘«“‚°„™â™’«‘µ√à«¡°—∫§√Õ∫§√—«·≈–
¡’™’«‘µÕ‘ √–∑’Ë ß∫ ÿ¢Àà“߉°≈®“°¿—¬
§ÿ°§“¡¢Õߠߧ√“¡°≈“߇¡◊Õß ‡¢“
µ—¥øóπ À«à“π‰∂ ‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ° ´àÕ¡·´¡
∫â“π ·≈–§âπ§«â“‡¢’¬π∫—π∑÷°‡°’ˬ«°—∫
™’««‘∑¬“ µ≈Õ¥®πÕà“π«√√≥°√√¡
∑à“¡°≈“ß ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ—π√◊Ëπ√¡¬å
·≈–ߥߓ¡¢Õß∏√√¡™“µ‘ ´÷Ë߇µÁ¡‰ª
¥â « ¬§«“¡√— ° ·≈–§«“¡Õ∫Õÿà π ¢Õß
§√Õ∫§√—«∑—ßÈ ¡’‡ √’¿“æÕ¬à“߇µÁ¡‡ªï¬ò ¡
™‘«“‚°¡’‚µ‡π’¬‡ªìπ§Ÿà™’«‘µ„πÕÿ¥¡§µ‘
Àπ—ß ◊Õ –∑âÕπ¿“æ™’«‘µÕ—π ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
‡∑à“∑’™Ë «’ µ‘ ®–æ÷ß¡’‰¥â ·µà„π°“√æ—°·√¡
∑’Ë«“√’°‘‚π§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë™‘«“‚°
∂Ÿ ° ®— ∫ ·≈–µâ Õ ß∑”Àπâ “ ∑’Ë · æ∑¬å „ π
°Õß∑—æ·¥ß√–¬–Àπ÷ßË ™’«µ‘ „π°Õß∑—æ
·¥ß –∑âÕπ¿“晑«“‚°∑’˵âÕß°“√Àπ’
®“° ¡√¿Ÿ ¡‘ ° “√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß∑“ß
ª√–«— µ‘ » “ µ√å · ≈–∑’Ë  ”§— ≠ ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ ‰¥â
„Àâ √ “¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥Õ— π ·®à ¡ ™— ¥ ¢Õßæ≈— ß
·Àà ß §«“¡À“¬π–∑’Ë °”≈— ß §◊ ∫ §≈“π
‡¢â “  Ÿà À ≈— ° ™— ¬ ·≈–§«“¡æ‘ π “»∑’Ë ® –
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ „π°“√æ—°·√¡∑’Ë«“√’°‘‚π§√—Èß
π’È ® –‰¡à ¡’ ∫ √√¬“°“»·Àà ß §«“¡ ÿ ¢
‡À¡◊Õπ„π™à«ß·√° ºŸâÕà“π‡ÀÁπ ÿπ—¢ªÉ“
·≈–‰¥â¬‘π‡ ’¬ß‡Àà“ÀÕπ¢Õß¡—π¬“¡
§Ë” §◊ π Õ— π À𓫇¬Á π ‡ ∫’ ¬ ßÕ“À“√
·≈–øó π ¡’ ®”°— ¥ ¿— ¬ §ÿ ° §“¡¢Õß
 ß§√“¡·≈–°≈‘ËπÕ“¬§«“¡µ“¬¡’Õ¬Ÿà
√Õ∫µ—« ·µà§«“¡·¢Áß·°√àß¡—Ëπ§ß¢Õß
≈“√“∑”„Àâ ∑—È ß  Õß “¡“√∂º®≠°— ∫
§«“¡À“¬π–∑’˧◊∫§≈“π‡¢â“¡“‚¥¬
ª√“»®“°§«“¡À«“¥°≈—« ™‘«“‚°‡√‘Ë¡
‡¢’ ¬ π°«’ π‘ æ π∏å · ≈–¥◊Ë ¡ ¥Ë” °— ∫ §«“¡
√Ÿâ ÷°ºŸ°æ—π∑’Ë¡’µàÕ™’«‘µ·≈–‚≈°∑—Èß Ê
∑’Ë™’«‘µ¢Õ߇¢“°”≈—ß∂Ÿ°§ÿ°§“¡Õ¬à“ß
‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥ ‡¡◊ËÕµ√–Àπ—°«à“‚≈°¢Õß
‡¢“·≈–≈“√“°”≈—ß∂Ÿ°∑”≈“¬ ™‘«“‚°
∑”Õÿ∫“¬„Àâ≈“√“À≈∫Àπ’  à«π‡¢“
‡¥‘ π ∑“ß°≈— ∫ ‰ª°√ÿ ß ¡Õ ‚°·≈–¡’
™’«‘µ¬“°‡¢Á≠®π°√–∑—Èß ‘Èπ™’«‘µ≈ß„π
∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∑’Ë«“√’°‘‚π∑—Èß Ú §√—Èß
®÷ ß ‡ªì π ‡ ¡◊ Õ π‡ â π ·∫à ß ∑’Ë   –∑â Õ π®ÿ ¥
 Ÿß ÿ¥·≈–®ÿ¥·µ°¥—∫¢Õß™’«‘µ
·¡â™‘«“‚°®–¬Õ¡√—∫«à“ª√– ∫-
°“√≥å™’«‘µ∑ÿ°¥â“π§◊Õ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß
§«“¡À¡“¬·Àà ß °“√¥”√ßÕ¬Ÿà ·µà
°√–π—È π °“√ — ß À“√™’ «‘ µ ·≈–§«“¡
∑“√ÿ≥‚À¥‡À’Ȭ¡¢Õß°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘°Áπà“
 –æ√÷ ß °≈— « ®π∑”≈“¬§«“¡À¡“¬
¢Õß™’«‘µ·≈–§à“§«“¡‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å≈ß
™‘«“‚°‡√‘Ë¡À¡¥»√—∑∏“‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„π°“√
ªØ‘∫—µ‘·≈–µàÕµâ“𧫓¡√ÿπ·√ߢÕß
°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘¡“°¢÷Èπ ™‘«“‚°‰¡à·πà„®«à“
秫“¡ ”‡√Á® √â“ߧ«“¡™Õ∫∏√√¡
„Àâ·°à«‘∏’°“√é (the end justified the
means) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡¢“‡ÀÁπ«à“π—°ªØ‘«—µ‘
ºŸâ°≈à“««à“®– √â“ß™’«‘µ„À⇪ìπ‰ªµ“¡
À≈— ° °“√¢Õß°“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ‡ ªì π  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ‰ √â
 “√– ™‘«“‚°°≈à“«‡ ’¬¥ ’∫Õ≈‡™«‘§
«à“

ç...°“√ √â“ß™’«‘µ „§√∑’Ë查·∫∫π—Èπ¥Ÿ√“«¡’ª√– ∫°“√≥åÕ¬à“ß¡“°°—∫™’«‘µ
·µà·∑â®√‘ß·≈â«æ«°‡¢“‰¡à‡§¬√ŸâÕ–‰√‡°’ˬ«°—∫™’«‘µ·¡â‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ‰¡à√Ÿâ·¡â
°√–∑—Ëß≈¡ª√“≥·≈–°“√‡µâπ¢ÕßÀ—«„®... æ«°‡¢“‡ÀÁπ™’«‘µ‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß°âÕπ‡π◊ÈÕ
°âÕπÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë√Õ°“√ªíôπ·µàß —¡º— ®“°æ«°‡¢“ ·µà™’«‘µ¡‘„™à«—µ∂ÿ ‘ËߢÕß∑’Ë„§√ Ê
®–®—∫¬—¥„ à·¡àæ‘¡æ剥â... ™’«‘µ¡’À≈—°·Ààß°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß„À¡à Ê ¢Õßµπ‡Õß
¡—π¡’°“√‡√‘Ë¡µâπ·≈–°“√ √â“ß √√§å„À¡à Ê √«¡∂÷ß°“√·ª√‡ª≈’ˬπ·≈–·ª√ ¿“æ
Õ¬à“ß ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ„πµ—«¢Õß¡—π ™’«‘µ°«â“ß„À≠à‰æ»“≈ ‰√â¢Õ∫‡¢µ‡°‘π°«à“∑’Ë∑ƒ…Æ’
¢Õß„§√®–¡“°”Àπ¥∫—ߧ—∫¡—π‰«â‰¥â...é ÚÙ

™‘ « “‚°ªØ‘ ‡  ∏∑’Ë ® –¡’ ™’ «‘ µ µ“¡ ¥—¥·ª≈ߧ◊Õ°“√∑”≈“¬Õ∏‘ª‰µ¬·Ààß „π ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë µ √ß°— π ¢â “ ¡°— ∫ §«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ °
°√Õ∫§«“¡§‘¥∑’Ëæ√√§§Õ¡¡‘«π‘ µå ™’«‘µ ∑—È߇ªìπ™’«‘µ∑’Ë ç...«‘≠≠“≥·Ààß ‡°≈◊Õ°°≈—È«°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ°≈’¬¥™—ß ·≈–
°”Àπ¥ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°™’«‘µ∑’Ë∂Ÿ° √â“ß·≈– ªí®‡®°™π∂Ÿ°≈à«ß≈–‡¡‘¥... µâÕß查 ™◊Ë π ™¡°— ∫  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë π”¡“·µà § «“¡∑ÿ ° ¢å

Doctor Zhivago:
§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™’«‘µ°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß
36

∑π...é ‡¢“‡≈◊Õ°°“√¥”√ßÕ¬Ÿà¿“¬„µâ
°“√‡§≈◊Ë Õ π‰À«¢Õß™’ «‘ µ ·≈–°“√
‡≈◊Õ°¥—ß°≈à“« –∑âÕπ«à“«‘∏’°“√ (À√◊Õ
·π«∑“ß∑’Ë ® –‰ª Ÿà ‡ ªÑ “ À¡“¬) ‰¥â
∑”≈“¬§«“¡ ”‡√Á® (¢Õß°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘)
Õ¬à“ß ‘Èπ‡™‘ß ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§‰¥â‡¬“–
À¬—𧫓¡‡ªìπ«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·Ààß≈—∑∏‘
¡“°´å - ‡≈π‘ π ∑’Ë ¡’ ≈— ° …≥–§— ∫ ·§∫
∑—ßÈ Àà“߉°≈®“°§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ߢÕß™’«µ‘
‡¢“¬— ß ªØ‘ ‡  ∏À≈— ° «— µ ∂ÿ π‘ ¬ ¡«‘ ¿ “…
·≈–«—µ∂ÿπ‘¬¡ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å¥â«¬°“√
‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å·≈–°“√
æ— ≤ π“°“√∑“ß — ß §¡°— ∫ Õ“≥“®— ° √
·Ààßæ◊™æ√√≥„π‚≈°∏√√¡™“µ‘´÷Ëß¡’
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑’˧≈⓬§≈÷ß°—π
§«“¡À¡“¬„π°“√µàÕ Ÿâ¢Õß™‘«“‚°
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª«√√≥°√√¡‚´‡«’¬µ
À≈— ß °“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ‡ ¥◊ Õ πµÿ ≈ “§¡ §.».
Ò˘Ò˜ ¡’‡π◊ÈÕÀ“«à“¥â«¬™—¬™π–¢Õß
°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡·≈– ß§√“¡
°≈“߇¡◊Õß °“√™’Èπ”∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ÕßÕ—π
ª√“¥‡ª√◊ËÕߢÕ߇≈π‘πºŸâπ”∫Õ≈‡™«‘§
·≈–°“√µà Õ  Ÿâ ‡  ’ ¬  ≈–¢Õ߇À≈à “ π— °
ªØ‘«µ— ‡‘ æ◊ÕË „À≥⡓´÷ßË  —ߧ¡·Ààߧ«“¡
‡ ¡Õ¿“§∑’Ë ª √“»®“°™π™—È π µ“¡
Õÿ ¥ ¡°“√≥å ≈— ∑ ∏‘ ¡ “°´å ‡À≈à “ π— °
ªØ‘«—µ‘¥—ß°≈à“«®÷߇ªìπ·∫∫©∫—∫¢Õß
°“√¡’ ™’ «‘ µ Õ¬Ÿà ‡ æ◊Ë Õ Õÿ ¥ ¡°“√≥å ª Ø‘ «— µ‘
´÷Ë ß ª≈ÿ ° ‡√â “ ·≈–º≈— ° ¥— π æ≈‡¡◊ Õ ß
‚´‡«’ ¬ µ„Àâ ‡ ™◊Ë Õ ¡—Ë π „π°“√π”·Àà ß
æ√√§ ·µàª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ªØ‘‡ ∏™’«‘µ
¥—ß°≈à“« ‡¢“‡ÀÁπ«à“ºŸâπ”æ√√§∫Õ≈-
‡™«‘ § π— ° ªØ‘ «— µ‘ À √◊ Õ  ¡“™‘ ° æ√√§
≈â « π·µà ‡ ªì π æ«°∫â “ §≈—Ë ß „πÕÿ ¥ ¡-
 —≠™—¬  ÿ«ß— ∫ÿµ√
°“√≥å · ≈–‡ªì π ºŸâ „ ™â ¡ “¬“¿“æ·Àà ß
 — ® ∏√√¡·≈–§«“¡™Õ∫∏√√¡‡æ◊Ë Õ
¥”‡π‘π°“√„Àâ∫√√≈ÿ∂÷߇ªÑ“À¡“¬¥â«¬
«‘∏’°“√Õ—π‡À’Ȭ¡‚À¥ §«“¡ª√“√∂π“
¢Õßæ«°‡¢“®÷ ß ®–π”¡“´÷Ë ß §«“¡
À“¬π–·≈–°“√πÕ߇≈◊Õ¥ ‡À≈à“π—°
ªØ‘«µ— ¥‘ ß— °≈à“«µà“߇ªìπºŸ∑â ”≈“¬§«“¡
À¡“¬Õ—π·∑â®√‘ߢÕß°“√ªØ‘«µ— ‘ ¥—ßπ—πÈ
Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ®÷ ß ‰¡à ‰ ¥â „ Àâ ¿ “槫“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ °
¢Õß™“«‚´‡«’ ¬ µ„π°“√µà Õ  Ÿâ ª Ø‘ «— µ‘
‡æ◊Ë Õ  ß§√“¡∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ∏√√¡ (a just
war) ·µà®–‡πâπ‡√◊ËÕß√“«§«“¡∑“√ÿ≥
‚À¥√â “ ¬·≈–§«“¡ ¬¥ ¬Õßπà “
 –æ√÷ß°≈—«¢Õߠߧ√“¡·≈– ‘Ëß∑’Ë°“√
ªØ‘«—µ‘π”¡“ ‚¥¬™’È„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“™—¬™π–
¢—Èπ ÿ¥∑⓬¢Õß°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘§◊Õ “¬∏“√
‡≈◊Õ¥¢Õߪ√–™“™π∑’Ë°”≈—߉À≈‡Õ◊ËÕ¬
≈ß Ÿà∑–‡≈ πÕ°®“°π’È ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§
¬—ß°≈â“∑’Ë®–ª√–¡“≥§«“¡≈⡇À≈«
¢Õß‚§√ß°“√π“√«¡ (collectiviza-
tion) ·≈–π‚¬∫“¬√ÿ π ·√ß„π°“√
ª√“∫ª√“¡°«“¥≈â“ߪí≠≠“™π
ç≈“√“é §Ÿà™’«‘µ¢Õß™‘«“‚°´÷Ëß
‡ΩÑ“¡Õß°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß√— ‡´’¬
æ√âÕ¡°—∫‡¢“∑’ˬŸ‡√’¬µ‘π°Á¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ
·≈–§«“¡√Ÿ â °÷ §≈⓬§≈÷ß°—π°—∫™‘«“‚°
°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘‰¡à‡æ’¬ß®–π”¡“´÷Ëߧ«“¡
À“¬π–‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà¬—ß∑”≈“¬√“°∞“π
¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√— « ·≈–§ÿ ≥ ∏√√¡¢Õß
ª√–™“™π¥â « ¬ ºŸâ § π à « π„À≠à µà “ ß
¡’ ™’ «‘ µ ∑à “ ¡°≈“ߧ«“¡À«“¥√–·«ß
æ√—Ë π æ√÷ ß ∑—È ß  Ÿ ≠ ‡ ’ ¬ §«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ ¡—Ë π
„πµπ‡Õß ·≈–§π®”π«π¡“°°Á¬Õ¡
ª≈à Õ ¬„Àâ ™’ «‘ µ ‡≈◊Ë Õ π‰À≈‰ª°— ∫ °“√
™’Èπ”¢Õßæ√√§§Õ¡¡‘«π‘ µå °√–π—Èπ
37
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
°“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ·≈–°“√µà Õ  Ÿâ
∑”≈“¬ºŸâ ° ¥¢’Ë ° ≈— ∫ ¡’  à « π∑”„Àâ ™’ «‘ µ
µâ Õ ß¢— ¥ ·¬â ß °— ∫ ª√–«— µ‘ » “ µ√å · ≈–
™’«‘µ‰¥â∂Ÿ°º≈—°„Àâµ°≈߉ª„πÀÿ∫‡À«
≈÷°·Ààߧ«“¡À“¬π– ≈“√“µ√–Àπ—°
«à“ª√– ∫°“√≥åÕ—π·∑â®√‘ß„π™’«‘µ¡’
§«“¡À¡“¬¬‘ßË „À≠à¡“°°«à“Õÿ¥¡°“√≥å
ªØ‘«—µ‘À√◊Õ√–∫∫°“√‡¡◊Õß §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°
π÷°§‘¥¢Õ߇∏Õ´÷Ëߧ≈⓬§≈÷ß°—∫™‘«“‚°
®÷ßπ”¡“´÷Ëߧ«“¡√—°Õ—π¬‘Ëß„À≠à §π
∑—Èß Õßµà“ߺŸ°æ—π°≈“¬‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷Ëß
¢Õß°—π·≈–°—π∑—Èß„π¬“¡∑ÿ°¢å·≈– ÿ¢
™‘ « “‚°°≈à “ ««à “ ç...‡∏Õ°—∫©—π‡ªìπ
‡ ¡◊ÕπÕ¥—¡°—∫Õ’ø ¡πÿ…¬å§Ÿà·√°ºŸâ‰¡à
¡’Õ–‰√ÀàÕÀÿ¡â √à“߇¡◊ÕË ‚≈°‡√‘¡Ë µâπ... ·≈–
¢≥–π’È„π‡«≈“∑’Ë‚≈°°”≈—ß·µ° ≈“¬
‡√“∑—ßÈ  Õß°Á‡ª≈◊Õ¬‡ª≈à“·≈–∫â“π·µ°
 “·À√°¢“¥‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π...é Úı
≈“√“‰¡à‡æ’¬ß‡ªìπ§Ÿà™’«‘µ∑’Ë™‘«“-
‚°¡Õ∫À—«„®·≈–«‘≠≠“≥„Àâ‡∑à“π—Èπ
·µà‡∏Õ¬—߇ªìπ —≠≈—°…≥å·Ààß«‘≠≠“≥
§«“¡‡ªìπÕ‘ √– ™’«‘µ ·≈–°“√ √â“ß
 √√§åÕ’°¥â«¬ ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ √â“ß„Àâ
‡∏Õ‡ªìπµ—«·∑π·Ààß™’«‘µ·≈–ª√–‡∑»
√— ‡´’¬ ·¡â∂Ÿ°‡À¬’¬∫¬Ë” ∫¥¢¬’È ·µà
°Á ¬— ß §ß§«“¡ ßà “ ß“¡·≈–¡’ »— ° ¥‘Ï » √’
„π∫∑∫“∑∑’ˇª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫‰¥â°—∫ ·¡√’
·¡Á ° ¥“≈’ π (Mary Magdalene)
‚ ‡¿≥’ ºŸâ ≈â “ ߇∑â “ æ√–‡¬´Ÿ § √‘   µå
¥â«¬πÈ”µ“·≈–‡™Á¥„Àâ·Àâߥ⫬‡ âπº¡
¢Õ߇∏Õ °“√§√Ë” §√«≠¢Õß≈“√“
µàջ晑«“‚°µÕπ®∫¢ÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ§◊Õ
 — ≠ ≈— ° …≥å · Àà ß °“√‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π §√—È ß „À¡à
¢Õߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å‚´‡«’¬µ·≈–°“√
‡°‘¥„À¡à¢Õß™’«µ‘ ‡∏Õ√Ë”‰Àâæ√Ë”‡æâÕ«à“
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

ç...„π∑’Ë ÿ¥‡√“‰¥âæ∫°—πÕ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß ¬Ÿ√’∑’Ë√—° ·≈–¡—π™à“ß‚À¥√⓬‡æ’¬ß‰√∑’Ë

æ√–‡®â“∑√ß™—°π”„Àâ‡√“æ∫°—π‡™àππ’È §ÿ≥µ√–Àπ—°∂÷߇§√“–Àå°√√¡‡™àππ’ÈÀ√◊Õ‰¡àπ–
¥‘©—π‰¡àÕ“®∑π¡—π‰¥â ‚Õ ...æ√–‡®â“™à«¬‡∂‘¥ ¥‘©—π‰¡àÕ“®À¬ÿ¥√âÕ߉À≥⠧‘¥¥Ÿ´‘§–
°“√æ∫°—π·≈–°“√æ√“°¥Ÿ®–‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√·≈– ‘Ëß∑’Ë √â“ߢ÷Èπ¡“ ”À√—∫‡√“ °“√®“°‰ª
¢Õߧÿ≥§√—Èßπ’È ¡—πÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°“√ ‘Èπ ÿ¥∑ÿ° ‘Ëß∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß ”À√—∫¥‘©—π °“√®“°°—π§√—Èßπ’È
„À≠àÀ≈«ßπ—° ·≈–‡√“®–‰¡à‰¥âæ∫°—πÕ’°‡≈¬ ª√‘»π“§«“¡≈÷°≈—∫·Ààß™’«‘µ·≈–§«“¡
µ“¬ §«“¡¡’‡ πàÀå¢ÕßÕ—®©√‘¬¿“æ §«“¡ÀÕ¡À«“πߥߓ¡¢Õߧ«“¡√—° „™à·≈â«≈–
 ‘Ë߇À≈à“π’È∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‡√“µà“߇¢â“„®°—π¥’ ·µà‡√◊ËÕßÕ—π°√–®‘¥°√–®âÕ¬√àÕ¬¢Õß™’«‘µ‡™àπ
°“√¥—¥·ª≈ß √â“ß‚≈°„À¡à  ‘Ë߇À≈à“π’ȉ¡à„™à ‘Ëß∑’ˇ√“ π„®...é Úˆ

§”§√Ë” §√«≠¥— ß °≈à “ «§◊ Õ °“√ §≈“  ‘°¢Õß‚´‡«’¬µ∑’˺Ÿâ§π∑—Ë«‚≈° ‡¢“·≈–™‘«“‚°µà“ß√—°ºŸâÀ≠‘ß§π‡¥’¬«

µ’ § «“¡‡¢â “ „®™’ «‘ µ ´÷Ë ß ¡’ π— ¬ ∂÷ ß °“√
ª≈¥ª≈à Õ ¬§«“¡ª«¥√â “ «∑ÿ ° ¢å ∑ π
¢Õß™‘ « “‚° ºŸâ Õà “ π®÷ ß µ√–Àπ— ° «à “
§«“¡µ“¬·≈–§«“¡æà“¬·æâ„π°“√
µà Õ  Ÿâ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ™’ «‘ µ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ‰∑¢Õß™‘ « “‚°
§◊Õ ç§«“¡™Õ∫∏√√¡é ·µà™—¬™π–
¢Õß√–∫∫°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß∑’Ë ¡’ µà Õ ‡¢“°Á §◊ Õ
秫“¡º‘¥æ≈“¥é ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§‰¥â
·π–‡ªìπ𗬫à“√Ÿª·∫∫™’«‘µ„À¡àÕ“®
∂◊ Õ °”‡π‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ®“°§«“¡µ“¬¢Õß
√— ‡´’¬‡°à“·≈–π—Ëπ§◊Õ§«“¡À«—ß·≈–
°“√‡√‘¡Ë µâπ„À¡à¢Õß√— ‡´’¬éÚ˜ ™‘«“‚°
®÷ ß „Àâ ∫ ∑‡√’ ¬ 𧫓¡º‘ ¥ æ≈“¥∑’Ë ® –
µâÕ߉¡à‡°‘¥¢÷ÈπÕ’° °“√µàÕ Ÿâ‡æ◊ËÕ™’«‘µ
·≈–§«“¡‡®Á ∫ ª«¥¢Õ߇¢“‰¥â   √â “ ß
§«“¡ºŸ°æ—πÕ—π≈÷°´÷Èß°—∫ºŸâÕà“π ·≈–
π—Ë π §◊ Õ ‡Àµÿ º ≈Àπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ Doctor
Zhivago ‡ªì π «√√≥°√√¡Õ¡µ–∑’Ë
 √â “ ߧ«“¡ª√–∑— ∫ „®„Àâ °— ∫ π— ° Õà “ π
∑—Ë«‚≈°∑ÿ°°“≈ ¡—¬ πÕ°®“°π’È ‡¡◊ËÕ
ŒÕ≈≈’ «Ÿ ¥ ‰¥â ¥— ¥ ·ª≈ßπ«π‘ ¬ “¬¡“
 √â“߇ªìπ¿“æ¬πµ√å„π §.». Ò˘ˆı
Doctor Zhivago °Á°≈“¬‡ªìπß“π
µà“ß®¥®”·≈–™◊Ëπ™Õ∫ µàÕ¡“„π §.».
ÚÒ ¡’°“√π” Doctor Zhivago ¡“
 √â“߇ªìπ¿“æ¬πµ√å„À¡àÕ’°§√—Èß‚¥¬
‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥¢Õ߇√◊Ë Õ ß√“«
™’«‘µ∑—ÈߢÕß™‘«“‚°·≈–≈“√“·≈–‡Àµÿ
°“√≥å∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈– —ߧ¡∑’ˇ°’ˬ«
¢âÕß°—∫§π∑—Èß Õß ·µà¿“æ¬πµ√å∑’Ë
 √â“ߢ÷Èπ„À¡à°Á‰¡àÕ“® √â“ߧ«“¡¥◊Ë¡
¥Ë”‰¥â‡∑à“°—∫¿“æ¬πµ√å‡√◊ËÕß·√°
ª“‡«≈ Õ—πµ’ªÕø (Pavel Anti-
pov) À√◊Õ  ‡µ√≈π’§Õø (Strenikov)
‡ªì π µ— « ≈–§√ ”§— ≠ Õ’ ° §πÀπ÷Ë ß ¢Õß
‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë¡’«‘∂’™’«‘µ·≈–∑—»π§µ‘·µ°µà“ß
®“°™‘«“‚° §«“¡¢—¥·¬âߥâ“πÕÿ¥¡-
°“√≥å · ≈–·π«∑“ߪؑ ∫— µ‘ ¢ Õߧπ
∑—Èß Ú §π§◊Õ “√– ”§—≠Õ’°ª√–°“√
Àπ÷ËߢÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§‰¡à
≈— ß ‡≈∑’Ë ® – –∑â Õ π„Àâ ‡ ÀÁ π ™— ¥ ‡®π«à “
‡¢“ π—∫ πÿπΩÉ“¬„¥  ‡µ√≈π’§Õø
‡ªìπµ—«·∑π·ÀàßÕÿ¥¡°“√≥åÕ—π Ÿß àß
·µà ‡  ◊Ë Õ ¡ ≈“¬ ‡¢“‡ªì π π— ° ªØ‘ «— µ‘
ºŸâ°√–µ◊Õ√◊Õ√âπ ‡Õ“°“√‡Õ“ß“π·≈–¡’
À≈— ° °“√™’ «‘ µ Õ— π ¡—Ë π §ß¢Õßµπ‡Õß
°—π ·µà ‡µ√≈π’§Õø欓¬“¡‡Õ“™π–
‚≈°·≈–≈“√“¥â « ¬§«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ ¡—Ë π µà Õ
°“√ªØ‘«µ— ·‘ ≈–欓¬“¡∫’∫∫—ߧ—∫™’«µ‘
„Àâ ‡ ªì 𠉪µ“¡°√Õ∫§«“¡§‘ ¥ ·Àà ß
Õÿ¥¡°“√≥åªØ‘«—µ‘  à«π™‘«“‚°°≈—∫
‡¬“–À¬—πÕÿ¥¡°“√≥åªØ‘«—µ‘·≈–¬Õ¡
®”ππµàÕ™’«‘µ∑—È߇ ’¬ ≈–µπ‡Õß„Àâ·°à
ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ¥â«¬§«“¡√—° „π°“√æ∫°—π§√—Èß
·√°  ‡µ√≈π’§Õø‡À¬’¬¥À¬“¡™‘«“‚°
ºŸâ ª Ø‘ ‡  ∏∑’Ë ® –‡ ’ ¬  ≈–µπ„Àâ · °à ° “√
ªØ‘«—µ‘ ‚¥¬‡¥‘π∑“ßÀπ’¡“¬Ÿ√“≈‡æ◊ËÕ
· «ßÀ“§«“¡Õ‘   √–·≈– ß∫ ÿ ¢ „Àâ
·°à™’«‘µ ·µà„π°“√æ∫°—π§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú ≥
ç«“√’°‚‘ πé Õ—π∂◊Õ‡ªìπµÕ𠔧—≠µÕπ
Àπ÷ËߢÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ  ‡µ√≈π’§Õø°”≈—ß
∂Ÿ°µ“¡≈à“„π∞“𖇪ìπºŸâ∑√¬»µàÕ√—∞
‚´‡«’¬µ ‡¢“‡√‘Ë¡‡¢â“„®§«“¡À¡“¬Õ—π
·∑â®√‘ߢÕß™’«µ‘ ·≈–µ√–Àπ—°∂÷ߧ«“¡
‡ªìπ®√‘ߢÕß°“√ªØ‘«µ— ·‘ ≈–¿“æÀ≈Õπ
¢ÕßÕÿ¥¡°“√≥å∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ ‡¢“®÷߬ա
√—∫∑—»π–¢Õß™‘«“‚°∑’Ë¡’µàÕ™’«‘µ ·µà
‡¢“°ÁÕàÕπ·Õ‡°‘π°«à“∑’Ë®–°≈Ⓡº™‘≠
Àπâ “ ∑â “ ∑“¬™’ «‘ µ  ‡µ√≈π’ § Õø´÷Ë ß

Doctor Zhivago:
§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™’«‘µ°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß
38
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

 Ÿ≠‡ ’¬»√—∑∏“µàÕ°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘®÷߇≈◊Õ° ™’«‘µ¢Õß «≈“¥’¡’√å ¡“¬“§Õø °’ °Á∂Ÿ°∑”≈“¬¥â«¬Õÿ¥¡°“√≥å∑’˵π‡Õß

∑“ßÕÕ°¢Õß™’«‘µ¥â«¬°“√¬‘ßµ—«µ“¬
«‘ § ‡µÕ√å ·ø√ß°å (Victor Frank)
·≈–ÕÕ≈°“ Õ’«‘π °“¬“ §Ÿà ™’ «‘ µ ¢Õß
ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§°≈à“««à“ ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§
®”≈Õß∫ÿ § ≈‘ ° ¢Õß ‡µ√≈π’ § Õø®“°
(Vladimir Mayakovsky) °«’‡Õ°·Ààß
‚´‡«’ ¬ µ §π∑—È ß  Õßµà “ ß¡’ ™’ «‘ µ Õ— π
≈”‡§Á≠·≈–‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„π°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘Õ¬à“ß
¥◊Ë ¡ ¥Ë” ∑—È ß ªØ‘ ‡  ∏∑’Ë ® –¬Õ¡√— ∫ §«“¡
‡ªìπ®√‘ß·Ààß™’«‘µ ·µà∑—ÈߧŸà„π∑⓬∑’Ë ÿ¥
‡™◊ËÕ¡—ËπÚ¯ „πµÕπ®∫¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß ºŸâÕà“π
∑√“∫«à“¿“¬À≈—ß™‘«“‚° ‘Èπ™’«‘µ ≈“√“
欓¬“¡®–√«∫√«¡¢â Õ ‡¢’ ¬ π·≈–
‡Õ° “√¢Õß™‘«“‚° ·µà‡∏Õ∑”‰¡à ”‡√Á®
¡’∫—π∑÷°¢ÕߺŸâ„°≈♑¥‡¢’¬π‰«â«à“

ç«—πÀπ÷Ëß ≈“√“ øï‚¥√Õøπ“ ‰¥âÀ“¬ÀπⓉª·≈–‰¡àª√“°Øµ—«Õ’°‡≈¬ ‡∏Õ§ß

µâÕß∂Ÿ°®—∫∑’Ë∂ππÕ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ ·≈–„π‡«≈“π—Èπ‡Àµÿ°“√≥凙àππ’ȇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡ ¡Õ®π
‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߪ√°µ‘∏√√¡¥“ ‡∏Õ “∫ Ÿ≠Õ¬à“߉√â√àÕß√Õ¬·≈–Õ“® ‘Èπ™’«‘µ∑’ˉÀπ —°·Ààß
‡√◊ËÕß√“«·≈–™◊ËÕ¢Õ߇∏Õ‰¥â∂Ÿ°≈∫‡≈◊Õπ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫®”π«π∫—≠™’∫ÿ§§≈π‘√π“¡¢Õß
∑“ß°“√´÷Ëß¿“¬À≈—ßÕ“®∂Ÿ°ªπ‡ª —∫ π°—∫‡Õ° “√Õ◊Ëπ Ê À√◊Õ°—∫∫—≠™’√“¬™◊ËÕ¢Õß
ºŸâÀ≠‘ß„π§à“¬°—°°—π...é Ú˘

™‘«“‚°·≈–≈“√“µ—«‡Õ°¢Õ߇√◊ÕË ß √–∫Õ∫ — ß §¡π‘ ¬ ¡∑’Ë ¡’ ¡ πÿ … ¬∏√√¡ ∫∑ àß∑⓬

‰¥â®∫∫∑∫“∑™’«µ‘ ≈ß ·µà‡√◊ÕË ß√“«À√◊Õ
°“√°√–∑”¢Õߧπ∑—Èß ÕßÀ“‰¥â®∫≈ß
‡æ’¬ß·§àπ’ȉ¡à Õ“≥“®—°√·Ààߧ«“¡™—Ë«
√⓬ ( —ߧ¡π‘¬¡) ¬—ߧߥ”√ßÕ¬Ÿà ·≈–
¬—ߧ߇ªì𧫓¡À«—ß·≈–§” —≠≠“∑’¬Ë ß—
‰¡àª√“°Ø„Àâ‡ÀÁπ ºŸâÕà“π®÷ß∂Ÿ°∑â“∑“¬
„Àâ¢∫§‘¥ µ’§«“¡ ·≈–· «ßÀ“∑“ß
ÕÕ°¥â«¬µπ‡ÕßµàÕ‰ª
„π°“√„Àâ —¡¿“…≥å°—∫ÕÕ≈°“
§“√å ≈‘   ‡≈Õ (Olga Carlisle) π— °
‡¢’ ¬ π™“«Ω√—Ë ß ‡»  — ≠ ™“µ‘ √—   ‡´’ ¬
ºŸâ‡¥‘π∑“ß¡“∂÷ß°√ÿß¡Õ ‚°„π §.».
Ò˘ˆ ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ °≈à“««à“

ç...‡¡◊ËÕ¢â“懮Ⓡ¢’¬π Doctor Zhivago π—Èπ ¢â“懮ⓡ’§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°‡ ¡◊Õπ‡ªìπ

Àπ’ȇæ◊ËÕπ√à«¡¬ÿ§Õ¬à“ß∑à«¡∑âπ ·≈–µ—Èß„®®–欓¬“¡™¥„™âÀπ’Èπ—Èπ µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“∑’Ë
æ“°‡æ’¬√‡¢’¬ππ«π‘¬“¬‡√◊ËÕßπ’È §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â§√Õ∫ß”§«“¡§‘¥ À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë
¡—«·µàß°«’π‘æπ∏åÀ√◊Õ·ª≈«√√≥°√√¡‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π ¢â“懮ⓧ‘¥‰¥â«à“¡—π‡ªìπæ—π∏–
Àπâ“∑’Ë∑’Ë®–µâÕß∫Õ°‡≈à“‡°’ˬ«°—∫¬ÿ§ ¡—¬´÷Ëß·¡â®–≈à«ß‡≈¬¡“·≈â«·µà°Á¬—߉¡àÀà“߉°≈
‰«â‡ªìπÀ≈—°∞“𠇫≈“¢Õß°“√¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë¡’‰¡à¡“°π—°∑”„Àâ¢â“懮⓵âÕß°“√∫—π∑÷°
‡Àµÿ°“√≥å¢ÕßÕ¥’µ ¬°¬àÕ߇™‘¥™Ÿ à«π∑’Ë¥’ß“¡¢Õß√— ‡´’¬„π‡«≈“¢≥–π—Èπ„Àâª√“°Ø
„π Doctor Zhivago «—π‡«≈“‡À≈à“π—Èπ ™à«ß ¡—¬ªŸÉ¬à“µ“¬“¬∑’Ë®–‰¡à¡’«—πÀ«π§◊π¡“Õ’°
·µà¢â“懮⓰ÁæÕ®–§“¥°“√≥剥â«à“§ÿ≥§à“‡À≈à“π’È®–øóôπ§◊πÕ’°„πÕ𓧵 ¢â“懮â“
欓¬“¡·®°·®ß·≈–æ√√≥𓉫â„ππ«π‘¬“¬‡√◊ËÕßπ’È ¢â“懮Ⓣ¡à·πà„®«à“ Doctor
Zhivago ®–ª√– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á®Õ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å„π∞“π–π«π‘¬“¬À√◊Õ‰¡à ·µà·¡â®–¡’¢âÕ
∫°æ√àÕ߇撬߄¥ ß“π‡¢’¬π™‘Èππ’È°Á¡’§ÿ≥§à“ Ÿß¬‘Ëß°«à“°«’π‘æπ∏å∑’Ë¢â“懮⓷µà߉«â„π
√–¬–·√° Ê ·≈–ߥߓ¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¡“°¬‘Ëß°«à“ß“πª√–æ—π∏噑Èπ„¥ Ê ∑’Ë¢â“懮Ⓡ§¬
‡¢’¬π¡“„π«—¬Àπÿà¡é Û

 —≠™—¬  ÿ«ß— ∫ÿµ√

39
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
ª“ ‡µÕ√å · π§‰¥â „ ™â Doctor
Zhivago ‡ªìπ ◊ËÕ∂à“¬∑Õ¥§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°
π÷°§‘¥√–À«à“߇¢“°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπ√à«¡™“µ‘
‚¥¬‡©æ“–µà Õ °≈ÿà ¡ ªí ≠ ≠“™π·≈–
ª√–™“™πºŸâ¬Õ¡®”ππ‡ªìπ‡À¬◊ËÕ¢Õß
√–∫∫ ·µà ¬— ß §ß‰«â ´÷Ë ß °“√µ— ¥  ‘ π „®
·≈–§«“¡‡ªìπÕ‘ √–¢Õßµπ‡Õß ‡√◊ËÕß
√“«¢Õß™‘ « “‚°‰¡à ‡ æ’ ¬ ß®–„Àâ · √ß
∫—π¥“≈„®·≈– √â“ߧ«“¡À«—ß„Àâ·°à
ª√–™“™π‚´‡«’¬µ„π°“√¬◊πÀ¬—¥µàÕ Ÿâ
‡æ◊ËÕ™’«‘µ ·µà¬—߇ªìπ°“√‡µ◊Õ𧫓¡
∑√ß®”ºŸâ § π√ÿà π À≈— ß ¡‘ „ Àâ À ≈ß≈◊ ¡ µà Õ
¿“æ¥â “ π≈∫¢Õß°“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ π— ∫ ®“°
§«“¡Õ”¡À‘µ‡À’Ȭ¡‚À¥ §«“¡‚°≈“-
À≈ªíòπªÉ«π §«“¡∫ⓧ≈—Ë߉√â µ‘·≈–
Õ◊Ë π Ê ·¡â™‘«“‚°®–„Àâ¿“æÕ—πÀ¡àπ
À¡ÕߢÕß°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘·µà„πµÕπ∑⓬
¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß Àπ—ß ◊Õ°Á‰¥â„Àâ∫√√¬“°“»
·Ààߧ«“¡À«—ߢÕß°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
§√—Èß„À¡à∑’Ë°”≈—ß®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ·≈–π—Ëπ§◊Õ
°“√§“¥À«—ßµàÕÕ𓧵∑’Ë«à“ √—∞ —ߧ¡
π‘¬¡‚´‡«’¬µ¬—ߧßÕ“®æ—≤𓉪 Ÿà®ÿ¥
¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬‰¥â ”‡√Á® ´÷ËßÀ¡“¬∂÷ß —ߧ¡
·Ààߧ«“¡¡’‡ √’¿“æ·≈–¿√“¥√¿“æ
∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß Doctor Zhivago ®÷߬—ߧß
‡ªìπß“πª√–æ—π∏åÕ¡µ–∑’ˬ◊𬓫°«à“
™’«‘µ¢Õßµ—«≈–§√‡Õ°·≈–ºŸâª√–æ—π∏å
·≈–°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπª√–®—°…å欓π
·ÀàßÕ¥’µ∑’Ë°”≈—߇ΩÑ“À«—ß·≈–√Õ§Õ¬
«—π§◊πÕ—π ¥„ ·ÀàßÕ𓧵 Õ¬à“߉√
°Á µ “¡ °“√≈à ¡  ≈“¬¢Õß À¿“æ
‚´‡«’¬µ„π §.». Ò˘˘Ò °Á∑”„Àâ·π«
§«“¡§‘ ¥ ·≈–°“√µà Õ  Ÿâ ¢ Õß™‘ « “‚°
¡’™—¬™π–„π∑⓬∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡æ√“– À¿“æ
‚´‡«’ ¬ µ‰¥â °â “ « Ÿà ° “√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß
§√—Èß„À≠à∫π‡ âπ∑“ß·Àà߇ √’¿“æ·≈–
ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ πÕ°®“°π’È ∫â“πæ—°
¢Õß™‘«“‚°∑’ˇª‡√‡¥≈§’‚π (Peredel-
kino) ∑“ßµ–«—πµ°‡©’¬ß„µâ¢Õß°√ÿß
¡Õ ‚°°Á‰¥â√—∫°“√®—¥∑”‡ªìπæ‘æ‘∏-
¿—≥±å‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπÕπÿ √≥å·°à‡¢“
 à«π ÕÕ≈°“ Õ’«‘π °“¬“ À√◊Õ
ç≈“√“é „π™’«‘µ®√‘ß ¿“¬À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë
ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§‡ ’¬™’«µ‘ „π‡¥◊Õπ情-
¿“§¡ §.». Ò˘ˆ Õ’° Ú ‡¥◊ÕπµàÕ¡“
‡∏Õ°—∫‰Õ√“ (Ira) ∫ÿµ√ “« ∂Ÿ°√—∞∫“≈
‚´‡«’ ¬ µ®— ∫ °ÿ ¡ ¥â « ¬¢â Õ °≈à “ «À“‡ªì π
®“√™π·≈–π— ° · «ß‚™§ºŸâ ™— ° ®Ÿ ß „Àâ
ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§‡¢’¬πß“π‡√◊ËÕß Doctor
Zhivago ·≈– à ß ‰ª‡º¬·æ√à µà “ ß
ª√–‡∑»‚¥¬¡’º≈ª√–‚¬™πå¡À“»“≈
®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õ∑’˵àÕµâ“π‚´‡«’¬µ Õ’«‘π-
 °“¬“∂Ÿ ° µ— ¥  ‘ π ‚∑…„Àâ „ ™â · √ßß“π
„π§à“¬°—°°—π∑’ˉ´∫’‡√’¬‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ¯ ªï
·≈– Û ªï  ”À√—∫‰Õ√“ ·¡â™’«‘µ¥Ÿ
®–‚À¥√⓬‰√⧫“¡ª√“π’µàÕÕÕ≈°“
·µà‡∏Õ°ÁÀ“À«“¥À«—ËπÀ√◊Õ∑âÕ·∑≡à
§«“¡√—° §«“¡ºŸ°æ—π ·≈– “¬„¬Õ—π
≈È”≈÷°√–À«à“߇∏Õ°—∫ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§
µ≈Õ¥®π∂â Õ ¬§”¢Õ߇¢“∑’Ë ‡ ∏Õ¡— °
®¥®”‰¥â‡ ¡Õ∑’Ë«à“ ç‰¡à«à“®–Õ¬Ÿà„π
 ¿“«°“√≥å„¥ ‡√“®–µâÕ߉¡à∑âÕ·∑â
µàÕ§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å¬“°·≈–§«“¡‡≈«√⓬
¡—π‡ªìπÀπâ“∑’¢Ë Õ߇√“∑’®Ë –µâÕ߇ΩÑ“À«—ß
·≈–≈ß¡◊ժؑ∫µ— ‘ (∫“ß ‘ßË ∫“ßÕ¬à“ß)é
¥—ßπ—Èπ ∑à“¡°≈“ߧ«“¡Õâ“ß«â“ß· π
‡Àß“¢Õß™’«‘µ∑’ˬ—ߧߥ”√ßÕ¬Ÿà ÕÕ≈°“
‰¥â √â Õ ¬‡√’ ¬ ߧ«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° π÷ ° §‘ ¥ ·≈–
§«“¡∑√ß®”∑—ßÈ À¡¥‡¢’¬π‡ªìπÀπ—ß ◊Õ
A Captive of Time : My Years with
40
Pasternak ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ™’ «‘ µ ‡∏Õ°— ∫
ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ „π©∫— ∫ √à “ ß∑’Ë ‡ ¢’ ¬ π
‡ √Á® ¡∫Ÿ√≥凡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π §.».
Ò˘˜Ú (æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ º¬·æ√à ‡ ªì π ¿“…“
Õ— ß °ƒ…§√—È ß ·√°„π §.». Ò˘˜¯)
‡∏Õ®∫∫— π ∑÷ ° ≈ߥ⠫ ¬¢â Õ §«“¡∑’Ë «à “
ç... ®“°ª√– ∫°“√≥å™’«‘µÕ—π¢≈“¥
‡¢≈“·≈–‡≈«√⓬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ·≈–®“°
§«“¡«à “ ߇ª≈à “ ‰√â §à “ ¢Õß°“√¥”√ß
Õ¬Ÿà∑’ËÕâ“ß«â“ß‚¥¥‡¥’ˬ«¢Õß©—𠥑©—π
¢Õ¬◊Ëπ¡◊Õ„Àâ°—∫§ÿ≥ (ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§)
·≈–°≈à“««à“
ç...now, as life begins to fade
And I stand by my dear oneûs graves
I know I may knock at heavenûs gate,
For wasnût I loved by you ?é.
‡™‘ßÕ√√∂
Ò ∫Õ√‘  ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ ‡ªìπ°«’·≈–‡ªìπ
π—°‡¢’¬π‡√◊Õßπ“¡™“«√— ‡´’¬ ‡¢“‡°‘¥„π
§√Õ∫§√—«ªí≠≠“™π‡™◊ÈÕ “¬¬‘«∑’Ë¡’∞“π–
‡≈‚Õ𑧠ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ ∫‘¥“‡ªìπ»“ µ√“-
®“√¬å¥â“π»‘≈ª– ·≈–¡“√¥“‡ªìππ—°‡ªï¬-
‚π∑’Ë¡’Ωó¡◊Õ ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§µ—Èß„®®–‡ªìπ
«“∑¬“°√·≈–‡¢â“‡√’¬π¥πµ√’∑’Ë°√ÿß¡Õ ‚°
·µà µà Õ ¡“‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π„®·≈–≈“ÕÕ°‰ª»÷ ° …“
¥â “ πª√— ™ ≠“∑’Ë ¡ À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ¡“√å ∫Ÿ √å °
(Marburg) Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ µàÕ¡“‡¢“À—π¡“
¬÷¥Õ“™’æπ—°·ª≈·≈–‡ªìπ°«’ „π√–À«à“ß
 ß§√“¡‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Ò ‡¢“ ÕπÀπ—ß ◊Õ
·≈–∑”ß“π∑’Ë ‚ √ßß“π‡§¡’ „ π¬Ÿ √ “≈ ´÷Ë ß
ª√– ∫°“√≥å™’«‘µ¥—ß°≈à“«„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“
°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ˇ¢“π”¡“„™â‡¢’¬π
„π Doctor Zhivago „πƒ¥Ÿ√âÕπ §.».
Ò˘Ò˜ ‡¢“æ—°Õ“»—¬„π∑âÕß∑ÿàß ‡µªªá„°≈â
‡¡◊Õß´“√“µÕø·≈–µ°À≈ÿ¡√—° “«™“«¬‘«
´÷Ë߇¢“π”‡√◊ËÕß√“«¢Õߧ«“¡√—°¡“√âÕ¬‡√’¬ß
‡ªìπÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡√◊ÕË ß My Sister Life (Ò˘ÚÒ)
‡¡◊ËÕ‡°‘¥°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘√— ‡´’¬„π‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡
§.». Ò˘Ò˜ ª“ ‡µÕ√å · π§‰¡à ‰ ¥â ‡ ¥‘ π
∑“ßÕÕ°πÕ°ª√–‡∑»‡™àπªí≠≠“™π§π
Doctor Zhivago:
§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™’«‘µ°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß

Õ◊Ëπ Ê ‡æ√“–‡¢“§“¥À«—ß«à“°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘®–
𔧫“¡‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß¡“„Àâ · °à ™’ «‘ µ ·≈–
 — ß §¡ ª“ ‡µÕ√å · π§‡≈’È ¬ ß™’ æ ¥â « ¬°“√
·ª≈Àπ—ß ◊Õß“π‡¢’¬π‡≈à¡ ”§—≠¢Õ߇¢“
„π™à « ß°≈“ß∑»«√√… Ò˘Ú ∂÷ ß µâ π
∑»«√√… Ò˘Û §◊Õ√«¡‡≈à¡°«’π‘æπ∏å
Rupture ·≈–Àπ—ß ◊ÕÕ—µ™’«ª√–«—µ‘‡√◊ËÕß
The Childhood of Luvers ·≈– Safe
Conduct „πª≈“¬∑»«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘Û
ª“ ‡µÕ√å · π§‡√‘Ë ¡ º‘ ¥ À«— ß °— ∫ π‚¬∫“¬
æ√√§§Õ¡¡‘«π‘ µå ‡¢“‡≈‘°‡¢’¬π°«’π‘æπ∏å
·≈–‡≈’È ¬ ß™’ æ ¥â « ¬°“√·ª≈º≈ß“π¢Õß
‡™§‡ªï ¬ √å ‡°Õ‡∏ ·≈–π—°‡¢’¬πµ–«—πµ°
§πÕ◊Ëπ Ê µàÕ¡“‡¢“·≈–§√Õ∫§√—«Õæ¬æ
‰ªµ—Èß√°√“°∑’ˇª‡√‡¥≈§’‚π∑“ßµ–«—πµ°
‡©’¬ß„µâ¢Õß¡Õ ‚° ·≈–∑’Ëπ’ˇ¢“‡√‘Ë¡‡¢’¬π
π«π‘¬“¬™‘È𠔧—≠‡√◊ËÕß Doctor Zhivago
Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ º¬·æ√à § √—È ß ·√°∑’Ë Õ‘ µ “≈’
„π §.». Ò˘ı˜ ·≈–„π §.». Ò˘ı¯ ‰¥â
√—∫√“ß«—≈‚π‡∫≈ “¢“«√√≥§¥’ Doctor
Zhivago ‰¥â√∫— °“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥‡ªìπ¿“…“‰∑¬
‚¥¬ Õ“…“¢Õ®‘µµå‡¡µ π—°·ª≈Õ“«ÿ‚  §.». Ò˘ˆ À≈—߉¥â√—∫Õ‘ √¿“æ ÕÕ≈°“
∑’Ë ¡’ Ωï ¡◊ Õ „π™◊Ë Õ «à “𓬷æ∑¬å™‘«“‚° ·≈–
‰¥â √— ∫ °“√®— ¥ æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ º¬·æ√à √ «¡ Ù §√—Èß
∫Õ√‘  ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë
Û 情¿“§¡ §.». Ò˘ˆ ¢≥–Õ“¬ÿ
˜ ªï
Ú  À¿“æπ— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π‚´‡«’ ¬ µ ®— ¥ µ—È ß ¢÷È π „π
§.». Ò˘ÛÚ ¡’Õ”π“®§«∫§ÿ¡·≈–æ‘®“√≥“
 ‘Ë ß æ‘ ¡ æå ∑ÿ ° ª√–‡¿∑√«¡∑—È ß °“√µ— ¥  ‘ π
≈ß‚∑…π—°‡¢’¬π  ”π—°ß“π„À≠àÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë°√ÿß
¡Õ ‚°·≈–¡’¢à“¬ß“π„π∑ÿ° “∏“√≥√—∞
‚´‡«’¬µ  ‘Ëßæ‘¡æå ”§—≠¢Õß À¿“æπ—°
‡¢’¬π‚´‡«’¬µ§◊Õ Àπ—ß ◊Õ√“¬«—π Literary
Gazette ·≈–𑵬 “√√“¬‡¥◊Õπ Novy
Mir ·≈– Oktyabar ¥Ÿ John and Carol
Garrad, Inside the Soviet Writers
Union (N.Y. : Free Press, 1990)
Û Mallac, G. de, Boris Pasternak (Paris:
Editions Universitaries, 1963), 120.
Ù Deming, Brown, Soviet Russian Litera-
ture since Stalin (Cambridge : Cam-
bridge University Press, 1978), 145.
ı ÕÕ≈°“ Õ’«‘π °“¬“ (§.». Ò˘ÚÒ-Ò˘˘)
‡ªìπ∫ÿµ√ “«§√Ÿ‚√߇√’¬π¡—∏¬¡ ‡∏Õ ”‡√Á®
°“√»÷ ° …“¥â “ π¿“…“·≈–«√√≥§¥’ ® “°
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡Õ ‚° ‡∏Õ·µàßß“π Ú §√—Èß
·≈–¡’∫ÿµ√ “«°—∫∫ÿµ√™“¬∑’ˇ°‘¥®“° “¡’
 —≠™—¬  ÿ«ß— ∫ÿµ√
§π·√°·≈–§π∑’Ë Ú √–À«à“ß∑”ß“π„π
°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√𑵬 “√√“¬‡¥◊Õπ Novy
Mir ™à«ß §.». Ò˘Ùˆ ‡∏Õæ∫√—°°—∫ª“ -
‡µÕ√å·π§ µàÕ¡“‡∏Õ≈“ÕÕ°·≈–∑”ß“π
·ª≈Àπ—ß ◊Õ√à«¡°—∫ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ „π
§.». Ò˘Ù˘ ÕÕ≈°“∂Ÿ°®—∫¥â«¬¢âÕÀ“‡ªìπ
ªØ‘ªí°…åµàÕ‚´‡«’¬µ ·≈–∑“ß°“√µ—¥ ‘π
‚∑…„Àâ„™â·√ßß“π„π§à“¬°—°°—π‡ªìπ‡«≈“
ı ªï À≈—ß®“°∂Ÿ°§ÿ¡¢—ß Ù ªï ‡∏Õ‰¥â√—∫
°“√Õ¿—¬‚∑…„π §.». Ò˘ıÛ ·µà„π‡¥◊Õπ
 ‘ßÀ“§¡ §.». Ò˘ˆ À≈—ß®“°¡√≥°√√¡
¢Õߪ“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ Ú ‡¥◊Õπ ‡∏Õ∂Ÿ°®—∫
Õ’ ° §√—È ß ·≈–§√—È ß π’È ∂Ÿ ° µ— ¥  ‘ π ‚∑…‡ªì π
‡«≈“ ¯ ªï Àπ૬µ”√«®≈—∫‡§®’∫’‰¥â¬÷¥
‡Õ° “√·≈–®¥À¡“¬√«¡∑—Èß∫—π∑÷°µà“ß Ê
¢Õߪ“ ‡µÕ√å · π§∑’Ë ‡ ∏Õ¡’ Õ ¬Ÿà · ≈–𔉪
‡°Á∫‰«â∑’ËÀÕ®¥À¡“¬‡Àµÿ‚´‡«’¬µ ¢à“«°“√
®—∫°ÿ¡∑’ˉª∂÷ß‚≈°µ–«—πµ°‰¥â𔉪 Ÿà°“√
√≥√ߧå‡√’¬°√âÕß„Àâª≈àÕ¬µ—«‡∏Õ·≈–·¡â
°“√‡√’¬°√âÕß®–ª√– ∫§«“¡≈⡇À≈«·µà
ÕÕ≈°“°Á ‰ ¥â √— ∫ Õ‘   √¿“æ°à Õ π°”Àπ¥„π
¥”√ß™’«‘µÕ¬à“ß —π‚¥…„π°√ÿß¡Õ ‚°·≈–
‡≈’Ȭߙ’æ¥â«¬°“√·ª≈°«’π‘æπ∏åÀ√◊Õ‡¢’¬π
∫∑°«’ „π §.». Ò˘˜Ú ‡∏Õ‡¢’¬π§«“¡
∑√ß®”‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ √–À«à“ß
§.». Ò˘Ùˆ-Ò˘ˆ ·≈–‡√◊ËÕß√“«™’«‘µ¢Õß
‡∏Õ°— ∫ ≈Ÿ ° Ê ¿“¬À≈—ß®“°∑’˪“ ‡µÕ√å-
·π§‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ß“π‡¢’¬π™‘Èππ’ȉ¥â√—∫°“√
∂à“¬∑Õ¥‡ªìπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…§√—ßÈ ·√°„π §.».
Ò˘˜¯ „π™◊ËÕ‡√◊ËÕß A Captive of Time :
My Years With Pasternak (Fontana
1979) „π∑»«√√… Ò˘˘ ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ™à«ß ¡—¬
ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’∫Õ√‘  ‡¬≈µå´‘π ÕÕ≈°“
√â Õ ß‡√’ ¬ π√— ∞ ∫“≈‚´‡«’ ¬ µ„Àâ §◊ π ‡Õ° “√
µà“ß Ê ∑’ˉ¥â‡§¬¬÷¥‰«â·°à‡∏Õ ·µà≈⡇À≈«
ÕÕ≈°“ Õ’«‘π °“¬“ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ÒÚ
°—𬓬π §.». Ò˘˘ ¢≥–Õ“¬ÿ ¯Û ªï
ˆ Deming, Brown, Soviet Russian Litera-
ture since Stalin (Cambridge : Cam-
bridge University Press, 1978), 151.
˜ Õπ—πµå™—¬ ‡≈“À–æ—π∏ÿ,  —≠™—¬  ÿ«—ß∫ÿµ√,
√—   ‡´’ ¬  ¡— ¬ ´“√å · ≈– — ß §¡π‘ ¬ ¡ (°√ÿ ß -
‡∑æœ : »—°¥‘‚ ¿“°“√æ‘¡æå, ÚıÙ¯),
ÙÛ.
¯ À≈— ° °“√ — ® π‘ ¬ ¡·π« — ß §¡π‘ ¬ ¡§◊ Õ °“√
 √â “ ß∫√√∑— ¥ ∞“π∑“ߧ«“¡§‘ ¥ „π°“√
 √â“ß √√§åß“π»‘≈ª«√√≥°√√¡‚´‡«’¬µ
41
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
 “√– ”§—≠§◊Õ ß“π»‘≈ª–·≈–«√√≥°√√¡
µâÕß√—∫„™â·≈–µÕ∫ πÕßπ‚¬∫“¬æ√√§
·≈–¢÷ÈπµàÕ¿“√°‘®°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘µ“¡∑’Ëæ√√§
°”Àπ¥ µâÕß¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‡Õ°¿“æ√–À«à“ß
‡π◊ÈÕÀ“°“√‡¡◊Õß∑’˪ؑ«—µ‘°—∫√Ÿª·∫∫∑“ß
»‘ ≈ ª–∑’Ë   ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å µâ Õ ß –∑â Õ π·π«
π‚¬∫“¬æ√√§·≈–ª≈ÿ°√–¥¡®—¥µ—Èß∑“ß
§«“¡§‘ ¥ √«¡∑—È ß „Àâ ° “√»÷ ° …“·°à ª √–-
™“™πµ“¡Õÿ ¥ ¡°“√≥å  — ß §¡π‘ ¬ ¡ µâ Õ ß
 –∑âÕ𧫓¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß∑“ߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å
·≈–™’È „ Àâ ‡ ÀÁ π æ— ≤ π“°“√∑’Ë °â “ «Àπâ “ ¢Õß
™’«‘µ·≈– —ߧ¡µ“¡∑‘»∑“ß·Ààß°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘
¥Ÿ  —≠™—¬  ÿ«ß— ∫ÿµ√, ªí≠≠“À≈—ß¡à“π‡À≈Á° :
ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å«√√≥°√√¡‚´‡«’¬µ §.».
Ò˘Ò˜-Ò˘˘Ò ‡≈π‘π ∂÷ß°Õ√å∫“™Õø (°√ÿß-
‡∑æœ : π“§√, ÚıÙ).
˘ Õπ—πµå™—¬ ‡≈“À–æ—π∏ÿ,  —≠™—¬  ÿ«—ß∫ÿµ√,
√— ‡´’¬ ¡—¬´“√å·≈– —ߧ¡π‘¬¡, Û¯ˆ.
Ò Õ—ππ“ ‡Õ Õ—§¡“‚µ«“ (§.». Ò¯¯˘-Ò˘ˆˆ)
‡ªìπ Ò „π Ù §π¢Õß°«’À≠‘ß∑’ˇ¥àπ∑’Ë ÿ¥
¢Õß√—   ‡´’ ¬ [Û §π∑’Ë ‡ À≈◊ Õ §◊ Õ Õ’ ‡ ´’ ¬
(Isyetaeva), °‘ªª≈ÿ  (Gipplus) ·≈–
ªíø‚≈«“ (Pavlova)] °àÕπ°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘ §.».
Ò˘Ò˜ º≈ß“π¢Õ߇∏Õ‡ªìπ∑’Ë·æ√àÀ≈“¬
·≈–π‘ ¬ ¡Õà “ π°— π ¡“°„π°≈ÿà ¡ ªí ≠ ≠“™π
·µàπ—∫®“° µ“≈‘π°â“« ŸàÕ”π“®„πª≈“¬
∑»«√√… Ò˘Ú Õ—§¡“‚µ«“‡¢’¬πß“π
ÕÕ°¡“πâÕ¬™‘Èπ „π™à«ß∑»«√√… Ò˘Ù
‡∏Õ∂Ÿ°¢—∫ÕÕ°®“°°“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘° À¿“æ
π—°‡¢’¬π‚´‡«’¬µ·≈–µâÕß‚∑…§ÿ¡¢—ß „π
 ¡—¬ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’π’°’µ“ §√ÿ™™Õø ‡∏Õ
‰¥â√—∫°“√°Ÿâ‡°’¬√µ‘°≈—∫§◊π ß“π‡¥àπ¢Õß
‡∏ÕÀ≈—ß°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘§◊Õ°«’π‘æπ∏å¢π“¥¬“«
‡√◊ËÕß Requiem (§.». Ò˘Ûı-Ò˘ı¯)
·≈– Poem without a Hero (§.». Ò˘Ù-
Ò˘ÙÚ)  à«π¡’Œ“Õ‘≈ ‚´‡´π‚° (§.».
Ò¯˘ı-Ò˘ı¯) ‡ªìππ—°‡¢’¬π‡√◊ÕË ß —πÈ ¡’™Õ◊Ë
ß“πª√–æ—π∏å‡√◊ËÕ߇¥àπ¢Õ߇¢“§◊Õπ«π‘¬“¬
®‘ µ «‘ ‡ §√“–Àå Õ— µ ™’ « ª√–«— µ‘ ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß Before
Sunrise (Ò˘ÙÛ) ·≈–‡√◊ËÕß The Adven-
ture of An Ape (Ò˘Ùˆ) ‡¢“∂Ÿ°®—∫·≈–
∂Ÿ ° ª≈¥®“°°“√‡ªì π  ¡“™‘ °  À¿“æπ— °
‡¢’¬π‚´‡«’¬µæ√âÕ¡°—∫Õ—§¡“‚µ«“ ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â
√—∫Õ‘ √¿“æ ‡¢“‡≈’Ȭߙ’«‘µ¥â«¬°“√‡ªìπ
π—°·ª≈
ÒÒ Õ–‡≈Á°´“π‡¥Õ√å °≈“¥§Õø (§.». Ò˘ÒÚ-
˜ˆ) ‡ªì π π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π∫∑≈–§√·≈–‡æ◊Ë Õ π
√à«¡ ¡—¬¢Õߪ“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ ß“πª√–æ—π∏å
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

¢Õ߇¢“‡√◊ËÕß Meeting with Pasternak
(Ò˘˜˜) „Àâ‡√◊ËÕß√“«Õ—ππà“ π„®‡°’ˬ«°—∫
§«“¡∑√ß®”∑’Ë¡’µàÕª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§„π™à«ß
°àÕπ·≈–À≈—ߠߧ√“¡‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú
ÒÚ ÕÕ≈°“ ‡ø√‡¥π∫Ÿ√å° ‡ªìππ—°«‘™“°“√∑’Ë
‡¥à π ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ §πÀπ÷Ë ß „π¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ‡´πµå
ªï‡µÕ√å‡∫‘√å° ·≈–‡ªìπºŸâ°àÕµ—Èß Leningrad
Institute of Philosophy, Language,
Literature and Philosophy ‡∏Õ‡ªìπ≠“µ‘
Àà“ß Ê ∑’˪“ ‡µÕ√å·π§ π‘∑ π¡¥â«¬
™à«ß∑’˪“ ‡µÕ√å·π§æ—°Õ¬Ÿà„π°√ÿß¡Õ ‚°
‡¢“‡¢’ ¬ π®¥À¡“¬µ‘ ¥ µà Õ °— ∫ ‡∏Õ‡ ¡Õ
·≈–®¥À¡“¬¢Õߧπ∑—È ß  Õß∑’Ë µà Õ ¡“π”
√«∫√«¡æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ ªì π ‡≈à ¡ ‰¥â „ Àâ ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß√“«∑’Ë
™—¥‡®π¢Õß™’«‘µª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§„π¢≥–∑’Ë
‡√‘Ë¡‡¢’¬π Doctor Zhivago √«¡∑—Èߧ«“¡
§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¢ÕßÕÕ≈°“∑’Ë¡’µàÕª“ ‡µÕ√å·π§
·≈– —ߧ¡√— ‡´’¬„π™à«ß ¡—¬ µ“≈‘π·≈–
™à«ßÀ≈—ߠߧ√“¡‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú
ÒÛ Elliot Mossman, ed. The Correspond-
ence of Boris Pasternak and Olga
Freidenberg 1910-1945 (New York :
Basic Book, 1958), 97.
ÒÙ Ibid, 112.
Òı Shane, A.M., The Life and Works of
Boris Pasternak (New York : Praeger,
1965), 170.
Òˆ Gleb Struve, Russian Literature under
Stalin (London: Routledge, 1972), 98.
Ò˜ ¥Ÿ Ann Applebaum, Gulag A History
(London: Penguin Books, 2004).
Ò¯ Gleb Struve, Russian Literature under
Stalin, 145.
Ò˘ æ√√§∫Õ≈‡™«‘ § ‡ªì π æ√√§ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ≈— ∑ ∏‘
¡“°´å´÷Ë߇§¬ —ß°—¥„πæ√√§·√ßß“π —ߧ¡
ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬√— ‡´’¬ (Russian Social
Democratic Workersû Party-RSDLP)
·≈–‡ªìπ·°ππ”¢Õߢ∫«π°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘√— -
‡´’¬√–À«à“ß §.». Ò˘ÒÚ-Ò˘ÒÙ „π §.».
Ò˘ÒÚ ∫Õ≈‡™«‘§ª√–°“»µπ‡ªìπæ√√§
°“√‡¡◊ÕߢÕß™π™—Èπ°√√¡“™’æ·≈–µàÕ¡“
‡ªìπºŸâπ”¬÷¥Õ”π“®∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß„π√— ‡´’¬
‰¥â„π°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡ §.». Ò˘Ò˜
Ú Wolfgang Kasack, Russian Literature
since 1917 (New York: Columbia Uni-
versity Press, 1988), 297.
ÚÒ Ibid.,
ÚÚ Freeze, George, ed. Russia A History
(New York : Oxford University Press,
1997), 245.
ÚÛ Flecher, L. Doctor Zhivago A Critical
Companion (New York : Free Press,
1972).
ÚÙ  —≠™—¬  ÿ«—ß∫ÿµ√, √«¡∫∑§«“¡«√√≥-
°√√¡·≈–ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å‚´‡«’¬µ (π§√-
ª∞¡ : §≥–Õ—°…√»“ µ√å, ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
»‘≈ª“°√, ÚıÙÒ), ÒÚˆ.
Úı ‡√◊ËÕ߇¥’¬«°—π, ÒÚ˜.
Úˆ ‡√◊ËÕ߇¥’¬«°—π, ÒÚ¯.
Ú˜ James H. Billington, The Icon and
the Axe An Interpretative History of
Russian Culture (New York : Vintaqe,
1970), 560.
Ú¯ Malia Martin, The Soviet Tragedy A
History of Socialism in Russia 1917-
1991 (New York : Free Press, 1994),
146.
Ú˘  —≠™—¬  ÿ«—ß∫ÿµ√, √«¡∫∑§«“¡«√√≥-
°√√¡·≈–ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å‚´‡«’¬µ, ÒÛ.
Û Rosalind Marsh, History and Litera-
ture in Contemporary Russia (Lon-
don : Macmillan, 1995), 246.

Abstract Doctor Zhivago: Conflict between Life and Politic

Sanchai Suwangbutra
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, The Royal Institute, Thailand

Doctor Zhivago is a novel in verse which covers the period of Russian history from 1903
to 1929, and also a novel about the Russian intelligentsia, by whom the author himself is, in
search of truth with a creative and artistic bent. It is an anti-soviet novel and, therefore, was
interpreted as against the spirit of the Russian revolution and banned in the USSR. Doctor
Zhivago was first published in Italy in 1957; then translated into all major languages, making
Boris Pasternak the best known contemporary Russian writer. In 1958 he was awarded the
Noble Prize for Literature. This set off such a hue and cry among the literary functionaries in
the USSR. Pasternak was forced to refuse to accept the honor and prize and expelled from
the All-Union of Soviet Writers. Doctor Zhivago was used as a partial mouthpiece for the
authors’ own philosophical and aristic beliefs. Zhivago, the hero in the novel, presented the
author’s view as a man who believed in submitting to life and opposed to Bolshevik ideology.
The revolution, therefore, would be justified and fulfill its promise as long as it remained in
harmony with the overriding claims of life. After 30 years, in 1987 Doctor Zhivago was finally
published in the USSR and became a best-seller overnight, The American Critic Association
Stated that Doctor Zhivago was one of the world’s 1001 most-must read books for everybody
before going to the grave.

Key words: Boris Pasternak, Russian Revolution, anti-soviet novel, Noble Prize of Literature

Doctor Zhivago:
§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß™’«‘µ°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß
42
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

°“√»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∫√‘∫∑ ‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå**

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–
¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ °“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ·≈–¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜
·Ààß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“*
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
∫√‘∫∑ (context) ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’˵âÕß»÷°…“æ‘®“√≥“Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß„π°“√§âπ§«â“«‘®—¬ª√“°Ø°“√≥å∑“ß —ߧ¡
∑ÿ°‡√◊ËÕß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°∫√‘∫∑‡ªìπ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õ߬ÿ§ ¡—¬∑—Èß∑“ߥâ“𰓬¿“æ·≈–∑“ßπ“¡∏√√¡´÷Ë߉¡à “¡“√∂
·¬°ÕÕ°®“°°—π‰¥â‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫‡§√◊ËÕߧա摫‡µÕ√å∑’˵âÕßπ”¡“„™â∑—Èߌ“√奷«√å·≈–´Õøµå·«√å„π‡«≈“‡¥’¬«°—π
‡æ√“–À“°¢“¥Õ¬à“ß„¥Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß°Á‰¡à¡’ª√–‚¬™πå·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥
°“√»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ·≈–¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ·Ààß
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“π’È· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁ𧫓¡·µ°µà“ߢÕß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„πª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“∑’Ë¡’™à«ß‡«≈“
∑—∫´âÕπ°—π °≈à“«§◊Õ ™à«ß¢Õß°“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ π—Èπ¡’™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ë —Èπª√–¡“≥ Û ªï
‡∑à“π—Èπ  à«π™à«ß‡«≈“¢Õß°“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ °≈—∫¬◊¥¬“«°‘π‡«≈“∂÷ß Ú ªï‡≈¬
∑’‡¥’¬« („π™à«ß‡«≈“π’È°Á∑—∫´âÕπ™à«ß¢Õß°“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ¥â«¬) ´÷Ëß∫√‘∫∑¡’§«“¡
 ”§—≠Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß„π§«“¡ª√–®«∫‡À¡“–¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥ª√“°Ø°“√≥åµà“ßÊ ∑“ß —ߧ¡∑’Ë¡’§à“§«√·°à°“√»÷°…“
Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß ‡æ√“–«à“∫√‘∫∑‡ªìπ∫∑æ‘ Ÿ®πå«à“ çª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√剡ࡒ∑“ß∑’Ë®–´È”√Õ¬‰¥âé ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫§” ÿ¿“…‘µ∑’Ë«à“
çOne cannot jump into the same river twice.é
∫√‘∫∑„π™à«ß‡«≈“¢Õß°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥ ‘Ë߇ æµ‘¥¡÷π‡¡“ Õ—π‰¥â·°à  ÿ√“‡¡√—¬¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë Ò¯ π—Èπ ‰¥â‡°‘¥¡’°“√º≈‘µπȔ՗¥≈¡ª√–‡¿∑ çπÈ”¥”-colaé ¢÷Èπ ·≈–™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—πÀ—π¡“
¥◊Ë¡πȔ՗¥≈¡ª√–‡¿∑πÈ”¥”π’ÈÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß ∑”„Àâ¡’§«“¡µ√–Àπ—°«à“Õ“®®–„™âπȔ՗¥≈¡π’È·∑π ÿ√“‡¡√—¬‰¥â
ª√–°Õ∫°—∫∫√‘…—∑πȔ՗¥≈¡¬—°…å„À≠à Ú ∫√‘…—∑‰¥â‡ÀÁπ‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®– √â“ߧ«“¡¡—Ëߧ—Ëß®“°°“√‰¥âµ≈“¥ ÿ√“‡¡√—¬
¡“‡ªìπ¢Õßµπ ®÷ß√≥√ߧåÕ¬à“ߢ—π·¢Áß∑—Èß∑“ߥâ“π°“√‡ß‘π·≈–°“√µ≈“¥„π°“√∑’Ë®–º≈—°¥—π„Àâ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ºà“π√—∞ ¿“·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π®“°¡≈√—∞µà“ßÊ ®π‡ªìπº≈ ”‡√Á®
 à«π∫√‘∫∑¢Õß°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«º≈—°¥—π„Àâ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ π—Èπ ·µ°µà“ß
‰ª®“°∫√‘∫∑¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ‚¥¬ ‘Èπ‡™‘ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°·∑∫®–‡ªìπº≈ß“π¢Õß
∫ÿ§§≈¡◊Õ ¡—§√‡≈àπ‡æ’¬ß§π‡¥’¬«·∑âÊ ∑’Ë欓¬“¡º≈—°¥—π®π‡ªìπº≈ ”‡√Á®

§” ”§—≠ : ∫√‘∫∑, ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡, √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“

* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ò¯ µÿ≈“§¡ æ.». ÚıÙ˘

** √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√., ¿“§«‘™“√—∞»“ µ√å·≈–√—∞ª√–»“ π»“ µ√å §≥– —ߧ¡»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å

‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå
43
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
À≈—°°“√·≈–‡Àµÿº≈
∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
¢Õß√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ·Àà ß  À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “
‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫∑’Ë ”§—≠¬‘Ëß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ
 À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“¡’√∞— ∏√√¡πŸ≠≈“¬≈—°…≥å
Õ— ° …√∑’Ë ‡ °à “ ·°à ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ „π‚≈°∑’Ë ¬— ß §ß
∫—ߧ—∫„™âÕ¬Ÿà §◊Õ¡’Õ“¬ÿ°«à“ ÚÒ˜ ªï
·≈â « ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ ‰¥â™à«¬ª√—∫„Àâ√—∞∏√√¡-
πŸ ≠  À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “ ¡ ¡— ¬ Õ¬Ÿà ‡  ¡Õ
∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ·≈–¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ‡ªìπ
∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ∑’Ë πà “
 π„®·≈–¡’ § «“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å °— π ∑—È ß Ú
¡“µ√“ °≈à“«§◊Õ ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ‡ªìπ∫∑·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’˪√– ∫§«“¡
≈⡇À≈«„𧫓¡æ¬“¬“¡∑’Ë®–∑”„Àâ
ª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‡ªìπª√–‡∑»∑’Ë
ª√“»®“°‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ´÷Ë ß
‡ªì𧫓¡æ¬“¬“¡∑’Ëπà“ √√‡ √‘≠·µà
µâÕ߬°‡≈‘°‰ª„π∑’Ë ÿ¥
 à«π∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡-
πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ‡ªì𧫓¡æ¬“¬“¡
∑’Ë®–„™â√–∫∫‡ß‘πµÕ∫·∑π∫—ߧ—∫„Àâ
∫√√¥“ ¡“™‘°√—∞ ¿“∑—ßÈ À≈“¬≈¥°“√
· «ßÀ“º≈ª√–‚¬™πå à«πµ—«„π∞“π–
∑’‡Ë ªìπºŸ¡â Õ’ ”π“®„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡ß‘π
¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥„Àâ°ÆÀ¡“¬
°“√¢÷È π ‡ß‘ 𠇥◊ Õ π§à “ µÕ∫·∑π¢Õß
 ¡“™‘°√—∞ ¿“π—Èπ®–¡’º≈∫—ߧ—∫„™â‰¥â
°ÁµàÕ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‡«≈“À≈—ß ¡—¬‡≈◊Õ°µ—Èß
Ò
‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå, À≈—°√—∞»“ µ√å (°√ÿ߇∑æœ : §≥– —ߧ¡»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å, ÚıÙ¯), Àπâ“ ˘˜, ˘¯.
§√—ÈßµàÕ‰ª ´÷Ëß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞-
∏√√¡πŸ ≠ π’È ‰ ¥â ∂Ÿ ° ‡ πÕ¢÷È π „π§√“«
‡¥’¬«°—∫∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘¡Ë ‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
Ò ¡“µ√“·√° ·µàµâÕß„™â‡«≈“∂÷ß
ÚÛ ªï ®÷ ß ºà “ π°“√„Àâ  — µ ¬“∫— π
∫—ߧ—∫„™â‰¥â
Õπ÷Ëß ∫∑·°â‰¢√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∫∑
∑’Ë Ò¯ ·≈– Ú˜ π’È ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å
‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—π∑’Ëπà“ π„®ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß
§◊ Õ ∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
∫∑∑’Ë Ò¯ ‡ªì π ∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠©∫—∫·√°∑’Ë¡’°“√°”Àπ¥
‡«≈“°“√„Àâ  — µ ¬“∫— π ´÷Ë ß °”À𥉫â
˜ ªï À“°‰¡à√—∫°“√„Àâ —µ¬“∫—πÕ¬à“ß
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥å°Á®–µâÕßµ°‰ª ´÷Ëß∂◊Õ‡ªìπ
∫√√∑—¥∞“π ”À√—∫∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“µàÕ‰ª „π¢≥–∑’Ë
∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ∫∑∑’Ë
Ú˜ ‰¡à¡’‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢°”À𥇫≈“°“√„Àâ
 —µ¬“∫—π·µàÕ¬à“߉√
°“√»÷°…“π’ÈÕ“®‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå
„π°“√¥”‡π‘ π °“√·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·Ààß√“™Õ“≥“®—°√‰∑¬
æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÙ
≈—°…≥–¢Õß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë¥’
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë¥’ §◊Õ √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡°—∫ ¿“æÕ—π·∑â®√‘ߢÕß
√— ∞ °≈à “ «§◊ Õ ‡æ◊Ë Õ º≈ª√–‚¬™πå µà Õ
ª√–™“™π‡ªìπ à«π√«¡ ™’«‘µ§«“¡
‡ªì π Õ¬Ÿà ª √–®”«— π ¢Õß·µà ≈ –∫ÿ § §≈
√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ∑’Ë ¥’ ¡’ ≈— ° …≥– ”§— ≠
°“√»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ·≈–¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ·Ààß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
44
ı ª√–°“√ ¥—ßπ’È Ò
Ò. ¡’ ¢â Õ §«“¡∑’Ë ™— ¥ ‡®π·πà
πÕπ ∑—Èßπ’È ‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–‰¥â‡¢â“„®‰¥âßà“¬
‰¡à„™â§”∑’Ë°”°«¡´÷Ëß≈àÕ·À≈¡µàÕ°“√
µ’§«“¡º‘¥ Ê ®–µâÕß„™â∂âÕ¬§”∑’ˇ≈◊Õ°
 √√¡“·≈â««à“¡’§«“¡À¡“¬∑’Ë·πàπÕπ
∑’Ë ÿ¥ §”À√◊Õ¢âÕ§«“¡∑’Ë¡’§«“¡À¡“¬
 Õß·ßà Õß¡ÿ¡À√◊Õ°”°«¡ ´÷ËßÕ“®
∑”„À⇢Ⓞ®‰ª‰¥âÀ≈“¬°√≥’‰¡à§«√
π”¡“„™â„π°ÆÀ¡“¬√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
Ú. §«√¡’°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘∂÷ß ‘∑∏‘
·≈–‡ √’¿“æ¢Õߪ√–™“™π‰«âÕ¬à“ß
™—¥‡®π·πàπÕπ √«¡∑—Èß°“√§ÿ⡧√Õß
 ‘∑∏‘‡ √’¿“æ¢Õߪ√–™“™πÕ’°¥â«¬
‡æ◊Ë Õ ∑’Ë ® –‡ªì π À≈— ° ª√–°— π  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ‡  √’
¿“æ¢Õߪ√–™“™π ªÑÕß°—π¡‘„Àâ√—∞
À√◊ Õ ‡Õ°™π¡“°¥¢’Ë ∫— ß §— ∫ ‰¥â ´÷Ë ß ∂â “
√—∞ÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬„¥∑’Ë≈‘¥√Õπ ‘∑∏‘‡ √’
¿“æ¢Õߪ√–™“™π·≈â « °ÆÀ¡“¬
π—È π °Á ® –¢— ¥ °— ∫ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π
°ÆÀ¡“¬ Ÿß ÿ¥¢Õß™“µ‘·≈–®–µâÕß
∂◊Õ«à“°ÆÀ¡“¬π—Èπ‡ªìπ‚¡¶–‰ª ¥—ß
‡™à π  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ‡  √’ ¿ “æ¢Õߪ√–™“™π
´÷Ë ß °”Àπ¥‰«â „ π√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß
 ‘∑∏‘„π∑√—æ¬å ¡∫—µ‘¢Õßµπ ‡ √’¿“æ
„π°“√查 °“√‡¢’¬π ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ°Æ
À¡“¬ Ÿß ÿ¥´÷Ëß®–≈â¡≈â“߉¡à‰¥â
Û. µâÕߧ√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘
‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√ª°§√ÕߢÕß√— ∞ ‰«â
Õ¬à“ߧ√∫∂â«π °≈à“«§◊Õ √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
§«√®–¡’∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘∂÷ß°“√„™âÕ”π“®
Õ∏‘ª‰µ¬ °“√·∫àßÕ”π“®Õ∏‘ª‰µ¬

§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢ÕßÕߧ尓√∑’„Ë ™âÕ”π“®
Õ∏‘ ª ‰µ¬·≈– ∂“∫— π ∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß
¢Õß√— ∞ °“√°”À𥫑 ∏’ ° “√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π
·ª≈ß√—∞∫“≈µ“¡«‘∂∑’ “ߢÕß√—∞∏√√¡-
πŸ≠ œ≈œ
Ù. ‰¡à§«√¬“«‡°‘π‰ª ‡æ√“–
√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ∑’Ë ¥’ § «√®–¡’ ∫ ∑∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘
À≈—°°“√®—¥√Ÿª°“√ª°§√ÕߢÕß√—∞∑’Ë
 ”§—≠·≈–®”‡ªìπ‡∑à“π—Èπ √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
∑’Ë ¡’ ∫ ∑∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ¬◊ ¥ ¬“«·≈–¡’ √ “¬
≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥¡“°‡°‘ 𠉪®–∑”„Àâ ° “√µ’
§«“¡¬ÿà ß ‡À¬‘ ß ¡“°¢÷È π ·≈–®–‰¡à ‰ ¥â
√—∫§«“¡‡§“√æ‡∑à“∑’˧«√ ‡æ√“–∫∑
∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ´÷Ë ß ≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥øÿÉ ¡ ‡øó Õ ¬‡°‘ 𠉪
Õ“®‰¡à ‡ À¡“–°— ∫  ∂“π°“√≥å · ≈–
®–∑”„À⇰‘¥¡’°“√·°â‰¢∫àÕ¬®π‡°‘π
‰ª  ”À√— ∫ √“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥ª≈’ ° ¬à Õ ¬
¢Õß°“√ª°§√Õߪ√–‡∑»π—Èπ§«√‡ªìπ
Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ¢ ÕßÕß§å ° √ΩÉ “ ¬π‘ µ‘ ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ∑’Ë
®–ÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬∏√√¡¥“¡“„™â ¡‘„™à
‡√◊ËÕß∑’˧«√∫—≠≠—µ‘‰«â„π√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
∫∑∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ¢ Õß√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
π—Èπ¢âÕ„À≠à„®§«“¡®–‡ªìπ°“√®—¥√Ÿª
√— ∞ ∫“≈ °“√∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘   ¿“æ«‘ ∏’ ° “√
°àÕµ—Èß·≈–Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë¢ÕßÕߧ尓√
µà“ß Ê ¢Õß√—∞∫“≈ µ≈Õ¥®π«‘∏’°“√
∑’ËÕߧ尓√‡À≈à“π’È®–„™âÕ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë
°”À𥉫â„π∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘ ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë®–
≈–‡≈¬‰¡à‰¥â„π°ÆÀ¡“¬√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
∑—Èßπ’È√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠®–µâÕ߉¡à —Èπ®π‡°‘π
‰ª°√–∑—Ë߉¡à¡’∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘‡À≈à“π’ÈÕ¬Ÿà
ı. §«√¡’°“√°”À𥫑∏’°“√
·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ µ“¡
°ÆÀ¡“¬¢÷Èπ‰«â ‡æ√“–√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
∑’Ë¥’µâÕß¡’§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫
‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå
°“≈ ¡—¬ °“√∑’Ë¡’«‘∏’°“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡
‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ µ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬π—È π
°Á‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π°“√≈â¡≈â“ß À√◊Õ·°â‰¢
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠‚¥¬°“√„™â°”≈—ßÕ—π‡ªìπ
∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ∑’ˇ¡◊ËÕ‰¡à¡’∑“ß
ÕÕ°Õ“®‡°‘¥°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘À√◊Õ√—∞ª√–-
À“√¢÷Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–·°â‰¢√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
 à«πÀ≈—°°“√„π°“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡
‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠π—Èπ µâÕ߉¡àßà“¬®π
‡°‘π‰ª ‡æ√“–®–∑”„Àâ√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
‰¡à‰¥â√—∫§«“¡‡§“√殓°ª√–™“™π
‡∑à“∑’˧«√ ·≈–°“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡§«√
‡ªì π °“√∂“«√æÕ ¡§«√‰¡à „ ™à ‡ ªì π
°“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡™—Ë«§√“«
°“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ °Á ‡ À¡◊ Õ π √√æ ‘Ë ß
∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬„π‚≈°„π·ßà∑’Ë«à“√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
π—Èπ≈â“ ¡—¬‰¥â √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠„π‚≈°π’È
‰¡à ¡’ © ∫— ∫ „¥∑’Ë   ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å · ≈–∑— π  ¡— ¬
µ≈Õ¥°“≈ ‡æ√“–‡¡◊ÕË °“≈‡«≈“‡ª≈’¬Ë π
·ª≈߉ª∑ÿ° ‘Ë߬àÕ¡‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßµ“¡
‰ª¥â«¬ ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
¢Õߪ√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“∑’˪√–°“»
„™â‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚÛÛ π—∫‡ªìπ‡«≈“
°«à“ Ú ªï¡“·≈â« „π¢≥–π—Èπ À√—∞
Õ‡¡√‘ ° “¡’ æ ≈‡¡◊ Õ ß‡æ’ ¬ ߪ√–¡“≥
Ù ≈â“π§π ¡’¡≈√—∞Õ¬Ÿà‡æ’¬ß ÒÛ ¡≈√—∞
´÷Ë ß ·µ°µà “ ß°— ∫ ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π π’È ∑’Ë   À√— ∞
Õ‡¡√‘°“ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¡≈√—∞∂÷ß ı √—∞
¡’‡π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë„À≠à°«à“‡¡◊ËÕ·√°µ—Èߪ√–‡∑»
À≈“¬‡∑à“ ·≈–æ≈‡¡◊Õß°Á‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¡“
®“° Ù ≈â“π§π‡ªìπ Úˆ ≈â“π§π‡»…
‡¡◊ËÕ§√—Èß æ.». ÚÛÛ π—Èπ √∂¬πµå
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß∫‘ π µ≈Õ¥®π§Õ¡æ‘ « ‡µÕ√å
45
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑’Ë∑—π ¡—¬°Á¬—߉¡à¡’
©–π—Èπ ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
¢Õߪ√–‡∑» À√— ∞ Õ¡√‘ ° “π—È π ‡¡◊Ë Õ
µÕπ‡¢’¬π√à“ß·≈–ª√–°“»„™âπ—ÈπÕ“®
®–‡À¡“– ¡°—∫°“≈‡«≈“·≈– ∂“π-
°“√≥å„π æ.». ÚÛÛ ·µà„πªí®®ÿ∫—π
ºŸâ§π·≈– ‘ËߢÕßµ≈Õ¥®π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
‰¥â ‡ ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈߉ªÕ¬à “ ß„À≠à À ≈«ß
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠®÷ßÕ“®®–‰¡à‡À¡“– ¡„π
∫“ß°√≥’ °“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡®÷߇ªìπ
 à « 𠔧— ≠ ¡“° ”À√— ∫ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
¢Õß∑ÿ°ª√–‡∑»
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬°Á ¡’ ° “√¬°‡≈‘ °
¥—¥·ª≈߇ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ª√—∫ª√ÿß√—∞-
∏√√¡πŸ ≠ Õ¬Ÿà ∫à Õ ¬ Ê (·µà  à « π¡“°
‡ªìπ°“√¬°√à“ß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠„À¡àÀ¡¥
∑—Èß©∫—∫ ¡’√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√„™â·µà≈–
©∫— ∫ ‰¥â  —È π ¬“«·µ°µà “ ß°— π ¡’ ° “√
ª√—∫ª√ÿß·°â‰¢¡“°∫â“ß πâÕ¬∫â“ß ·¡â
·µà √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ·Àà ß √“™Õ“≥“®— ° √
‰∑¬ æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÙ °Á‡ªìπ°“√
√à“ß„À¡à∑—Èß©∫—∫‡™àπ°—π) ‚¥¬¡—°®–
¡’ ¢â Õ Õâ “ ß«à “ ‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ‡ À¡“– ¡°— ∫
 ∂“π°“√≥å ´÷Ëß°Á¡’ à«π∂Ÿ°Õ¬Ÿà‡À¡◊Õπ
°—π ·µà®”‡ªìπµâÕß√–≈÷°‰«âÕ¬Ÿà‡ ¡Õ
«à “ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ π—È π ‰¡à „ ™à ° ÆÀ¡“¬
∏√√¡¥“∑—Ë « ‰ª·µà ‡ ªì π °ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë
 Ÿß ÿ¥·Ààß√—∞ ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ°“√·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠®”‡ªìπ®–µâÕß¡’
¡“µ√°“√·≈–À≈— ° °“√∑’Ë ‡ À¡“– ¡
·πàπÕπ ‡æ√“–°“√∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬åª°§√Õß
√—∞‚¥¬°ÆÀ¡“¬ ¡‘„™à‚¥¬µ—«∫ÿ§§≈
°“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë Ÿß ÿ¥
®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß°√–∑”¥â « ¬§«“¡√–¡— ¥
√–«— ß ·≈–¥â « ¬§«“¡¬‘ π ¬Õ¡¢Õß
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
ª√–™“™π à«π¡“°Õ’°¥â«¬
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ °“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘¡Ë ‡µ‘¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¢Õß√—∞µà“ß Ê µ“¡ª√–-
«—µ‘»“ µ√å∑’˺à“π¡“°ÁæÕ®–·∫àßÕÕ°
‰¥â‡ªìπ ı ª√–°“√¥â«¬°—π §◊ÕÚ
Ò. °“√·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ -
∏√√¡πŸ≠‚¥¬ΩÉ“¬π‘µ∫‘ ≠ — ≠—µ‘ ‚¥¬„™â
«‘∏’°“√‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√·°â‰¢‡ª≈’ˬπ
·ª≈ßÀ√◊Õ¬°√à“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬∏√√¡¥“
°≈à“«§◊Õ ∂◊Õ‡Õ“‡ ’¬ß¢â“ß¡“°„πΩÉ“¬
𑵑∫—≠≠—µ‘„π°“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞-
∏√√¡πŸ≠ ª√–‡∑» À√“™Õ“≥“®—°√
‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕß°“√·°â‰¢°ÆÀ¡“¬
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠‚¥¬«‘∏’°“√ßà“¬ Ê ‡™àππ’È
·µà®–µâÕß√–≈÷°‡Õ“‰«â‡ ¡Õ«à“ √—∞-
∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ¢Õß À√“™Õ“≥“®— ° √π—È π
‡ªìπ√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠®“√’µª√–‡æ≥’ ‡°‘¥
®“°°“√√«∫√«¡°ÆÀ¡“¬©∫—∫µà“ß Ê
‡¢â“‡ªìπ√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ ¡‘‰¥â‡ªìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠©∫—∫‡¥’¬«‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π
°—∫√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·∫∫≈“¬≈—°…≥åÕ—°…√
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·Ààß√“™Õ“≥“®—°√‰∑¬
æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÙ (À¡«¥ ÒÚ) ‰¥â
¡’°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘„Àâ¡’°“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡
‚¥¬«‘∏’π’È
Ú. °“√·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ -
∏√√¡πŸ≠‚¥¬ΩÉ“¬π‘µ‘∫—≠≠—µ‘·∫∫
≈ߧ–·ππ‡ ’¬ß摇»… ‚¥¬¡’«‘∏’°“√
摇»… §◊Õ µâÕß°“√§–·ππ‡ ’¬ß¡“°
°«à “ °“√·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ À√◊ Õ ¬°√à “ ß
°ÆÀ¡“¬∏√√¡¥“ °≈à “ «§◊ Õ ‰¡à „ ™à
·µà‡æ’¬ß‡ ’¬ß¢â“ß¡“°¢Õß ı ∫«°
¥â«¬√âÕ¬≈– Ò ‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µàµâÕ߇ªìπ
Ú
‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå, Õâ“ß·≈â«, Àπâ“ ˘˘, Ò.
§–·ππ‡ ’¬ß∑’Ë¡“°°«à“π—È𠇙àπ Ú „π
Û À√◊Õ Û „π Ù ¢Õß ¡“™‘°ΩÉ“¬
𑵑∫—≠≠—µ‘∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ª√–‡∑»Ω√—Ë߇»  ‡√’¬°«à“  ¿“√à“ß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ (Con-
≠’˪ÿÉπ πÕ√凫¬å ‰¥â„™â«‘∏’°“√π’È„π°“√
·°â‰¢‡æ‘¡Ë ‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
Û. °“√·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ -
∏√√¡πŸ≠‚¥¬ΩÉ“¬π‘µ‘∫—≠≠—µ‘·∫∫
„Àâ¡’°“√≈ߪ√–™“¡µ‘ ‡¡◊ËÕΩÉ“¬π‘µ‘
∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ‰ ¥â · °â ‰ ¢√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ·≈â « ®–
µâÕßπ”¡“„Àâª√–™“™π≈ߧ–·ππ‡ ’¬ß
√—∫√Õß ‡ªìπ°“√· ¥ßª√–™“¡µ‘«à“
®–√—∫À√◊Õ‰¡à√—∫À≈—°°“√ √—∞∏√√¡-
πŸ≠¢ÕßΩ√—Ë߇»  æ.». ÚıÒ ·≈–
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠‰∑¬ æ.». ÚÙ˘Ú ·≈–
ÚıÒ °Á‰¥â„™â«‘∏’°“√π’È
Ù. °“√·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ -
∏√√¡πŸ≠‚¥¬ª√–™“™π∑—Ë«‰ª ºŸâ¡’
 ‘ ∑ ∏‘ Õ Õ°‡ ’ ¬ ߇≈◊ Õ °µ—È ß ‡ªì π ºŸâ ¡’  ‘ ∑ ∏‘
ÕÕ°‡ ’ ¬ ߪ√–™“¡µ‘ (referendum)
À√◊ Õ ª√–™“™π¡’  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ∑’Ë ® –‡ πÕ¢â Õ
·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ (initiative)
‰¥â ‡ Õߥ⠫ ¬ «‘ ∏’ π’È „ ™â Õ ¬Ÿà „ πª√–‡∑»
 «‘µ‡´Õ√å·≈π¥å π—°√—∞»“ µ√åÀ≈“¬
§π°≈à“«°—π«à“ «‘∏’π’ȇªìπ«‘∏’∑’Ë¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥
‡æ√“–ª√–™“™πµà“ßÀ“°∑’˧«√®–¡’
Õ”π“®„π°“√√à “ ß√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ‰¡à „ ™à
√—∞∫“≈ ·µà«‘∏’°“√π’È®–„™â‰¥âº≈¥’°ÁµàÕ
‡¡◊ËÕª√–™“™π„π√—∞π—Èπ¡’°“√»÷°…“¥’
·≈–¡’ § «“¡√— ∫ º‘ ¥ ™Õ∫„π ‘ ∑ ∏‘ · ≈–
Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õßµπ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’
ı. °“√·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ -
∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ‚¥¬°“√®— ¥ µ—È ß Õß§å ° “√
摇»… ´÷ßË ‰¥â√∫— ‡≈◊Õ°µ—ßÈ ‚¥¬ª√–™“™π
°“√»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ·≈–¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ·Ààß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
46
„Àâ ¡’ À πâ “ ∑’Ë ‚ ¥¬‡©æ“–„π°“√·°â ‰ ¢
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ Õߧ尓√摇»…π’È
stitutional Convention) ‡¡◊ËÕ·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬·≈â« °Áπ”¡“‡ πÕ
„Àâ ª √–™“™π≈ߧ–·ππ‡ ’ ¬ ß°— π Õ’ °
∑’Àπ÷Ëß «‘∏’°“√π’È„™â°—π¡“°„π À√—∞
√–¥—∫¡≈√—∞ ¥—߇™àπ °“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡
‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¢Õß¡≈√—∞Õ‘≈≈‘πÕ¬ å
(Illinois) ‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚıÒÛ
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ—π¥’∑’Ë®–‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß«‘∏’°“√
·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ ‚¥¬°Æ
À¡“¬√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
‰¥â∫—≠≠—µ‘‰«â«à“ °“√∑’Ë®–‡ πÕ·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠π—Èπ  ¡“™‘° ¿“
§Õ߇°√ ∑’ˇªìπ ¿“π‘µ‘∫—≠≠—µ‘·Ààß
™“µ‘ ´÷ßË ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬«ÿ≤ ‘ ¿“ (senate)
·≈– ¿“ºŸâ · ∑π√“…Æ√ (House of
Representatives) µâÕß≈ߧ–·ππ‡ ’¬ß
‡ πÕ‰¡àµË”°«à“ Ú „π Û ®÷ß®–‡ πÕ
‰¥â À√◊ Õ  ¿“π‘ µ‘ ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ¢ Õß¡≈√— ∞
‰¡àµË”°«à“ Ú „π Û ¢Õß¡≈√—∞∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
´÷Ëßªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’Õ¬Ÿà ı ¡≈√—∞ ≈ß¡µ‘¢Õ
·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠®÷ß®–¡’ ‘∑∏‘
¢Õ‡ πÕ·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
䴉
°“√∑’Ë√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠´÷Ëß·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡
‡µ‘¡·≈â«®–¡’º≈„™â∫—ߧ—∫‰¥â°ÁµàÕ‡¡◊ËÕ
 ¿“π‘ µ‘ ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ¢ Õß¡≈√— ∞ ∑—È ß À¡¥
‰¡àµË”°«à“ Û „π Ù ‰¥â„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π
(ratify)  ¿“§Õ߇°√ ¡’Õ”π“®°”Àπ¥
«‘∏’°“√„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π¢Õß¡≈√—∞µà“ß Ê

‡¡◊Ë Õ æ‘ ® “√≥“¥Ÿ ° √–∫«π°“√·°â ‰ ¢
‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
 À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “Õ¬à “ ß≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥æÕ
 ¡§«√·≈â « °Á ® –‡ÀÁ π «à “ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
¢Õß À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “‡ªì π √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
∑’Ë·°â‰¢‰¥â¬“°√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠Àπ÷Ëß ·µà
‰¡à „ ™à «à “ ®–·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ ‰¡à ‰ ¥â ‡ ≈¬
‡æ√“–π— ∫ µ—È ß ·µà æ.». ÚÛÛ ®π
∂÷ ß ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ‰¥â ¡’ ° “√·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡
√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠  À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “·≈â « ∂÷ ß
Ú˜ ∫∑ ‚¥¬‰¡à ¡’ ° “√¬°‡≈‘ ° √— ∞ -
∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ©∫— ∫ ¥—È ß ‡¥‘ ¡ ‡≈¬ ‡æ’ ¬ ß
·µà ‡ æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ ‡¢â “ ‰ª„Àâ ‡ À¡“– ¡°— ∫
 ∂“π°“√≥å‡∑à“π—Èπ ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡
‡µ‘¡π’ȇ√’¬°«à“ çAmendmenté
§«“¡‡ªìπ¡“¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¢Õß À√—∞
Õ‡¡√‘°“
¿“¬À≈— ß ™— ¬ ™π–„π ß§√“¡
ª√–°“»Õ‘ √¿“æ¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
ª√–‡∑»‡ √’·Ààß„À¡à°Á∂◊Õ°”‡π‘¥¢÷Èπ
¡“„π‚≈° „π™à«ß·√°√–À«à“ß §.».
Ò˜¯Ò-Ò˜¯˘  À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“„™â√Ÿª
·∫∫°“√ª°§√Õß„π·∫∫ ¡“æ—π∏√—∞
´÷Ëß¡’À≈—°°“√ ”§—≠ Ú ª√–°“√∑’Ë
µâ Õ ß‰ª¥â « ¬°— π „π√–À«à “ ߠߧ√“¡
ª√–°“»Õ‘ √¿“æ §◊Õ ‡Õ°√“™ ·≈–
 À¿“æ ∑«à “ ‡¡◊Ë Õ  ß§√“¡ ß∫≈ß
§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë¡≈√—∞®–µâÕß√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π
‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π¿—¬√à«¡°—π°Áæ≈Õ¬À¡¥
≈߉ª¥â«¬ ¥— ß π—È π ¿“¬À≈—ߠߧ√“¡
ª√–°“»Õ‘ √¿“æ·≈â« À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
Û
‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå, °“√‡¡◊Õß°“√ª°§√Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ : ·π«æ‘π‘®∑“ߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å (°√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æå‚Õ‡¥’¬π ‚µ√å, ÚıÙ¯), Àπâ“ Ú˘,
Û.
‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå
°Áµ°Õ¬Ÿà„π ¿“æ∑’ˇª√“–∫“ßÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°¡≈√— ∞ µà “ ß Ê ¬— ß °√–∑∫
°√–∑—Ëß·≈–·µ°·¬°°—π ´÷Ëß ‘Ë߇À≈à“
π’È°àÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‰√⇠∂’¬√¿“æ∑“ß
°“√‡¡◊Õß ∑—È߬—߇°‘¥§«“¡µ°µË”∑“ß
‡»√…∞°‘®Õ’° ∑”„Àâ¡’∫“ߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë
‡æ‘Ë ß ®–¡’ ‡ Õ°√“™¡“‰¡à π “ππ’È ® – Ÿ ≠
 ‘Èπ≈߉ª‚¥¬ßà“¬
ªí≠À“¢Õß°“√ª°§√Õß„π·∫∫
 ¡“æ— π ∏√— ∞ (confederation) §◊ Õ
°“√∑’Ë√Ÿª·∫∫π’ȇªìπ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫°“√∑’Ë
ª√–‡∑»µà“ß Ê ¡“√«¡°≈ÿà¡°—π‡ªìπ
‡æ’¬ßæ—π∏¡‘µ√¡“°°«à“∑’Ë®–¡“À≈Õ¡
√«¡‡ªìπª√–‡∑»Àπ÷Ë߇¥’¬«°—π ∑”„Àâ
√— ∞ ∫“≈¢Õß¡≈√— ∞ ¡’ Õ”π“®¡“°°«à “
√—∞∫“≈°≈“ßÕ¬à“ß¡“°¡“¬¡À“»“≈
´÷Ëߪí≠À“∑’˵“¡¡“π—Èπ¡’¡“° ‡™àπ
ë √— ∞  ¿“¢Õß√— ∞ ∫“≈°≈“ß
‰¡à “¡“√∂‡°Á∫¿“…’À√◊Õ§«∫§ÿ¡°“√
§â“¢“¬‰¥â
ë √—∞ ¿“ “¡“√∂¢Õ‡ß‘π®“°
¡≈√— ∞ ‰¥â ·µà ° “√∑’Ë ¡ ≈√— ∞ ®–®à “ ¬„Àâ
À√◊Õ‰¡à ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫√—∞∫“≈¡≈√—∞π—Èπ Ê
√—∞ ¿“¢Õß√—∞∫“≈°≈“߉¡à¡’Õ”π“®
®–‰ª∫—ߧ—∫‰¥â
ë  À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “‰¡à   “¡“√∂
‡®√®“¥â«¬§«“¡‡ªìπÕ—πÀπ÷ËßÕ—π‡¥’¬«
°—π„π¥â“π°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»‰¥â
ë √— ∞  ¿“ “¡“√∂ÕÕ°°Æ
À¡“¬‰¥â · µà ‰ ¡à ¡’ ∑ “ß∑’Ë ® –√— ° …“°Æ
À¡“¬‰¥â ‡ π◊Ë Õ ß®“°‡ªì π ‡æ’ ¬ ßΩÉ “ ¬
π‘ µ‘ ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ‰¡à ‰ ¥â ‡ ªì π ΩÉ “ ¬∫√‘ À “√
·≈–ΩÉ“¬µÿ≈“°“√ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷ߢ÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫
47
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
√—∞∫“≈¡≈√—∞∑’Ë®–ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡À√◊Õ‰¡à
ë °“√∫—≠≠—µ‘°ÆÀ¡“¬°√–-
∑”‰¥â¬“° ‡π◊ËÕß®“°µâÕ߉¥â√—∫§«“¡
‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫®“°¡≈√—∞Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ ˘ ¡≈√—∞
(„π¢≥–π—Èπ¡’ ÒÛ ¡≈√—∞) ·≈–°“√
·°â ‰ ¢√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ¢Õß ¡“æ— π ∏√— ∞
®–µâÕ߉¥â√—∫§«“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫®“°∑ÿ°
¡≈√—∞‡ªìπ‡Õ°©—π∑å
§«“¡¬ÿà ß ¬“°¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»
·≈–§«“¡‰¡à¡—Ëπ§ß∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß Õ—π
‡ªìπº≈®“°°“√∑’Ë√—∞∫“≈ ¡“æ—π∏√—∞
‰¡à “¡“√∂À“‡ß‘π¡“„™â®à“¬·≈–®à“¬
¥Õ°‡∫’ȬÀπ’È ‘π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë°àÕ¢÷Èπ
‡¡◊Ë Õ §√—È ß  ß§√“¡ª√–°“»Õ‘   √¿“æ
¬‘Ëß°«à“π—Èπ√—∞∫“≈ ¡“æ—π∏√—∞¬—߉¡à¡’
Õ”π“®∑’Ë ® –ª√“∫ª√“¡°“√®≈“®≈
´÷Ë ß ‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‡ªì π Õ“®‘ ≥ πÕ°®“°π’È
¡≈√—∞µà“ß Ê °Á·°àß·¬àߺ≈ª√–‚¬™πå
°—𠇙àπ ªí≠À“‡√◊ËÕßæ√¡·¥π√–À«à“ß
¡≈√—∞𑫬Õ√å°°—∫¡≈√—∞π‘«·Œ¡ªá‡™’¬√å
°“√µ—Èß°”·æß¿“…’√–À«à“ß·¡ ´“-
™Ÿ‡´µ å°—∫§Õπ‡πµ∑‘§—µ ·≈–°“√·°àß
·¬à ß °“√§«∫§ÿ ¡ ≈”πÈ” ∑“߇¥‘ π ‡√◊ Õ
¢Õß·¡√’·≈π¥å°—∫‡«Õ√宑‡π’¬ ´÷Ëß°“√
∑–‡≈“–°—π√–À«à“ß¡≈√—∞π’ÈÕ“®π”¡“
´÷Ë ß  ß§√“¡°≈“߇¡◊ Õ ß‰¥â „π¢≥–
‡¥’¬«°—πª√–‡∑»µà“ß Ê „π¬ÿ‚√ª°Á
‰¡à¡’§«“¡‡°√ß„® ¡“æ—π∏√—∞·Ààßπ’È
‡æ√“–‡ÀÁπ«à“√—∞∫“≈ ¡“æ—π∏√—∞‰¡à
 “¡“√∂·¡â·µà®–§«∫§ÿ¡ ∂“π°“√≥å
¿“¬„π‰¥â Û
‡æ◊ËÕ·°â‰¢ªí≠À“µà“ß Ê ∑’ˇ°‘¥
¢÷Èπ  À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“®÷ßµâÕß®—¥„Àâ¡’°“√
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
ª√–™ÿ ¡ ‡æ◊Ë Õ √à “ ß√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ∑’Ë ‡ ¡◊ Õ ß
øî≈“‡¥≈‡øfflπ §.». Ò¯¯˜ ‚¥¬
¡’ ‡ æ’ ¬ ß¡≈√— ∞ ‚√¥‰Õ√å · ≈π¥å ‡ ∑à “ π—È π
∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ¬ Õ¡ à ß ºŸâ · ∑π‡¢â “ √à « ¡ª√–™ÿ ¡
ªí ≠ À“´÷Ë ß ºŸâ ‡ ¢â “ √à « ¡°“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ √à “ ß
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠‡º™‘≠π—Èπ ·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ
Ù ª√–°“√ §◊ÕÙ
Ò. ∑”Õ¬à“߉√®÷ß®–‰¥âº∫Ÿâ √‘À“√
∑’Ë ¡’ ª √– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ‚¥¬‰¡à µâ Õ ß‡ªì π
°…—µ√‘¬å
Ú. ®–·∫àß·¬°Õ”π“®√–À«à“ß
ºŸâª°§√Õß°—∫ “¡—≠™πÕ¬à“߉√
Û. ∑”Õ¬à “ ߉√®÷ ß ®–¡’ √— ∞ ∫“≈
°≈“ß∑’Ë ‡ ¢â ¡ ·¢Á ß ‚¥¬‰¡à µâ Õ ß≈‘ ¥ √Õπ
 ‘∑∏‘¢Õß¡≈√—∞µà“ß Ê ∑’ˇªìπ ¡“™‘°
Ù. ®–§ÿâ ¡ §√Õß ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¢ Õßªí ® -
‡®°™π®“°°“√„™âÕ”π“®µ“¡Õ”‡¿Õ
„®¢ÕߺŸâ¡’Õ”π“®∑—ÈßΩÉ“¬æ≈‡√◊ÕπÀ√◊Õ
ΩÉ“¬»“ π“‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√
·¡â «à “ °“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ §√—È ß π’È ® –¡’
À≈— ° °“√‡ªì π °“√·°â ‰ ¢√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
°Áµ“¡ ·µà„𧫓¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß·≈â«∫√√¥“
ºŸâ·∑π®“°¡≈√—∞µà“ß Ê °≈—∫‡ÀÁπ«à“
√à “ ß√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ¢÷È π ¡“„À¡à ® –¥’ ° «à “
·µà‡π◊ËÕß®“°§«“¡·µ°µà“ß√–À«à“ß
¡≈√—∞¬—ß¡’Õ¬Ÿà¡“° √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë√à“ß
¢÷Èππ’È®÷ßµâÕß¡’°“√ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡„π
À≈—°°“√ ”§—≠ Ê À≈“¬ª√–°“√§◊Õ
Ò. °“√ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡√–À«à“ß
√—∞‡≈Á°°—∫√—∞„À≠à ‚¥¬°“√°”Àπ¥
„Àâ√—∞ ¿“ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ Ú  ¿“ §◊Õ
Ù
«‘≈‡≈’¬¡ ·Õ≈. ·∫√¥≈’, ç√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠°—∫π‚¬∫“¬µà“ߪ√–‡∑»¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“é, ‡ âπ∑“ß¡À“Õ”π“® : ‡Õ° “√¥â“ππ‚¬∫“¬µà“ߪ√–‡∑» Õ‡¡√‘°“
µàÕ‡Õ‡™’¬ (°√ÿ߇∑æœ : ‚§√ß°“√®—¥æ‘¡æå§∫‰ø, ÚıÙÙ), Àπâ“ Ú˘.
ı
‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå, °“√‡¡◊Õß°“√ª°§√Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ : ·π«æ‘π‘®∑“ߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å (°√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æå‚Õ‡¥’¬π ‚µ√å, ÚıÙ¯), Àπâ“ ÛÚ.
 ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√∑’ˇ≈◊Õ°µ—Èß ¡“™‘°
¡“µ“¡®”π«π¢Õߪ√–™“™π°— ∫
«ÿ ≤‘   ¿“∑’Ë ∑ÿ ° ¡≈√— ∞ ®–¡’ ºŸâ · ∑π„π
«ÿ≤ ‘ ¿“®”π«π‡∑à“°—π §◊Õ ¡≈√—∞Àπ÷ßË
¡’ºŸâ·∑π„π«ÿ≤‘ ¿“ Ú §π ‡∑à“°—π
∑ÿ ° √— ∞ ´÷Ë ß °“√®–ºà “ π°ÆÀ¡“¬„¥°Á
µ“¡®–µâÕ߉¥â√—∫§«“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫®“°
∑—Èß Ú  ¿“ ·≈–°“√ÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬
‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√‡ß‘π®–µâÕ߇√‘Ë¡µâπ∑’Ë ¿“
ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√°àÕπ∑ÿ°§√—È߉ª
Ú. °“√ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡√–À«à“ß
√—∞∑’Ë¡’∑“ ·≈–√—∞∑’ˉ¡à¡’∑“  ‚¥¬
„π°“√π—∫®”π«πæ≈‡¡◊Õ߇æ◊ËÕ𔉪
§‘¥®”π«π¢ÕߺŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√¢Õß·µà
≈–√— ∞ ·≈–‡æ◊Ë Õ °“√‡°Á ∫ ¿“…’ ®–§‘ ¥
∑“ π‘‚°√√«¡‡¢â“„π®”π«πæ≈‡¡◊Õß
¥â«¬ ∑«à“∑“ π‘‚°√®–‰¥â√—∫°“√π—∫
„πÕ—µ√“ à«π Û „π ı (§◊Õ ∑“ π‘‚°√
ı §π ®–π—∫‡ªìπ®”π«πæ≈‡¡◊Õß Û
§π)
Û. °“√ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡√–À«à“ß
√— ∞ ° ‘ ° √√¡°— ∫ √— ∞ æ“≥‘ ™ ¬å ‚¥¬
°”Àπ¥«à“√—∞ ¿“‰¡à¡’ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–ÕÕ°
°ÆÀ¡“¬Àâ“¡°“√§â“∑“ °àÕπ §.».
Ò¯¯ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√Àâ“¡‡°Á∫¿“…’
¢“ÕÕ°¢Õß  ‘ π §â “ ¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»
´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π º≈‘ µ º≈∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√‡ªì π
 à«π„À≠à
Ù. °“√ª√–π’ª√–πÕ¡‡°’ˬ«
°—∫°“√¥÷ßÕ”π“®‡¢â“ Ÿà»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß
∑—È ß À¡¥°— ∫ ·∫∫ ¡“æ— π ∏√— ∞ ´÷Ë ß
°“√»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ·≈–¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ·Ààß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
48
Õ”π“®°√–®—¥°√–®“¬®π‡°‘π‰ª
‚¥¬°“√µ—Èß√–∫∫ À√—∞¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß√–∫∫
π’È Õ”π“® ”§— ≠ ·≈–®”‡ªì π „π°“√
ª°§√Õߪ√–‡∑» ¡≈√—∞¡Õ∫„Àâ·°à
√—∞∫“≈ À√—∞  à«πÕ”π“®Õ◊Ëπ Ê ¡≈-
√— ∞ °Á ¬— ß §ß¡’ Õ ¬Ÿà √— ∞ ∫“≈ À√— ∞ ®–‰ª
¬ÿßà ‡°’¬Ë «¥â«¬‰¡à‰¥â
‡¡◊Ë Õ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ √à “ ߇ √Á ®  ‘È π
·≈–µâÕß¡’°“√√—∫√Õß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠‚¥¬
°”Àπ¥«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ„¥∑’Ë¡’¡≈√—∞√—∫√Õß
˘ ¡≈√— ∞ „Àâ ∂◊ Õ «à “ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ π’È ¡’
º≈∫— ß §— ∫ „™â ∑«à “ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ π’È ‰ ¥â
ª√“°Ø¡’ºŸâ∑’˧—¥§â“π‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°
‚¥¬¢â Õ Õâ “ ß ”§— ≠ ∑’Ë „ ™â §— ¥ §â “ π√à “ ß
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠©∫—∫π’È°Á§◊Õ ¢âÕÕâ“ß∑’Ë«à“
ç√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠©∫—∫π’‰È ¡à¡°’ “√ª√–°—π
 ‘∑∏‘‡ √’¿“æ¢Õߪ√–™“™πé
‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√√—∫√Õß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
 ”‡√Á®¥â«¬¥’ Õ–‡≈Á°´“π‡¥Õ√å ·Œ-
¡‘≈µ—𠇮¡ å ‡¡¥‘ —π ·≈–®ÕÀå𠇮¬å
´÷ßË ‡ªìπÀ—«Àπâ“¢Õßæ«°‡ø‡¥Õ√“≈‘ µå
°Á‰¥â„À⧔¡—Ëπ —≠≠“«à“‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√√—∫
√Õß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·≈â«®–√’∫‡æ‘Ë¡∫∑·°â
‰¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ‡æ◊Ë Õ ª√–°— π
 ‘∑∏‘‡ √’¿“æ¢Õߪ√–™“™π∑—π∑’ ∑”
„Àâ§π§≈âÕ¬µ“¡‰ª‰¡àπâÕ¬ ª√–°Õ∫
°—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ¢Õß®Õ√å™ «Õ™‘ßµ—π
∑”„Àâª√–™“™π‡ÀÁπ¥’‡ÀÁπß“¡‰ª¥â«¬
®”π«π¡“°ı
‡¡◊ËÕ°“√√—∫√Õß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠‡ √Á®
 ‘È π ≈ß √— ∞  ¿“ À√— ∞ °Á √’ ∫ ®— ¥ ∑”∫∑

·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫
 ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¢ Õßæ≈‡¡◊ Õ ß‚¥¬‰¡à √ ՙ⠓ ·≈–
°Áª√“°Ø‡ªìπ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞-
∏√√¡πŸ≠ Ò ∫∑∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ ∫—≠≠—µ‘
«à“¥â«¬ ‘∑∏‘æ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õßæ≈‡¡◊Õß
(Bill of Rights) ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫°“√„Àâ
 —µ¬“∫—πæ√âÕ¡°—π∑—Èß Ò ∫∑ „π
§.». Ò˜˘Ò) ‚¥¬∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑—Èß Ò ∫∑¡’¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’Ȉ
∫∑∑’Ë Ò √— ∞  ¿“®–µ√“°Æ
À¡“¬ ∂“ªπ“»“ π“‰¡à‰¥â À√◊Õ®–
µ√“°ÆÀ¡“¬Àâ“¡°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘»“ π-
°‘ ® °Á ‰ ¡à ‰ ¥â À√◊ Õ ®–µ— ¥ ∑Õπ‡ √’ ¿ “æ
„π°“√æŸ ¥ °“√µ’ æ‘ ¡ æå À√◊ Õ °“√∑’Ë
ª√–™“™π®–™ÿ ¡ πÿ ¡ °— π ‚¥¬ ß∫
·≈–°“√√âÕß∑ÿ°¢åµàÕ√—∞∫“≈‡æ◊ËÕ¢®—¥
§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å√âÕπ¢Õߪ√–™“™π‰¡à‰¥â
∫∑∑’Ë Ú °Õß°”≈—ßÕ“ “ ¡—§√
∑’Ë¡’«‘𗬥’‡ªìπ ‘Ëß®”‡ªìπ„π°“√√—°…“
§«“¡¡—Ë π §ßª≈Õ¥¿— ¬ ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
¥—ßπ—Èπ  ‘∑∏‘∑’˪√–™“™π®–¡’·≈–∂◊Õ
Õ“«ÿ∏®–µâÕ߉¡à∂Ÿ°≈à«ß≈–‡¡‘¥
∫∑∑’Ë Û Àâ“¡∑À“√‡¢â“¡“æ—°
„π∫â“π¬“¡ ß∫‚¥¬‡¥Á¥¢“¥ ·¡â·µà
„π¬“¡ ß§√“¡°Á Àâ “ ¡‡™à π °— π ·µà
Õ“®¡’¢âÕ¬°‡«âπµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬
∫∑∑’Ë Ù  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¢ Õߪ√–™“™π
·Ààßµ—«‡Õß ∫â“π‡√◊Õπ ‡Õ° “√·≈–
 ‘ËߢÕß ®–µâÕ߉¡à∂Ÿ°§âπÀ√◊Õ¬÷¥‚¥¬
‰¡à¡’‡Àµÿº≈‡æ’¬ßæÕ ·≈–Àâ“¡°“√
ÕÕ°À¡“¬§âπ¥â«¬ ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ¡’‡ÀµÿÕ—π
æ÷߇™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥â π—∫ πÿπ‚¥¬§” “∫“π
ˆ
‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå, √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß°“√ª°§√Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ (°√ÿ߇∑æœ : §≥– —ߧ¡»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å, ÚıÙÙ),
Àπâ“ ˜ˆ-¯ˆ.
‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå
À√◊Õ°“√¬◊π¬—π∑’√Ë ∫— º‘¥™Õ∫°Á “¡“√∂
‡¢â“§âπ ∂“π∑’Ë ®—∫ À√◊Õ¬÷¥∫ÿ§§≈
À√◊Õ ‘ßË ¢Õ߉¥â
∫∑∑’Ë ı°“√¥”‡π‘ 𠧥’ Õ “≠“
∑’Ë√⓬·√ßπ—Èπ®–∑”‰¡à‰¥âÀ“°‰¡àºà“π
°√–∫«π°“√°≈à “ «‚∑…®“°§≥–
≈Ÿ°¢ÿπ„À≠à ¬°‡«âπ°√≥’∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π
°Õß∑—æ∫° °Õß∑—æ‡√◊Õ À√◊Õ„π°Õß
°”≈—ßÕ“ “ ¡—§√„π¢≥– ß§√“¡ À√◊Õ
„π¢≥–∑’Ë ¡’ ¿ ¬— π µ√“¬µà Õ  “∏“√≥–
∫ÿ§§≈®–µâÕ߉¡à∂Ÿ°æ‘®“√≥“‚∑…„π
‡√◊ËÕ߇¥’¬«°—π Ú §√—Èß ∫ÿ§§≈®–µâÕß
‰¡à ‡ ªì π 欓π°≈à “ «‚∑…µπ‡Õß„π
§¥’Õ“≠“ ∫ÿ§§≈®—°‰¡à∂Ÿ°°’¥°—πÀ√◊Õ
¬÷¥‡Õ“‰ª´÷Ëß™’«‘µ ‡ √’¿“æ ·≈–∑√—æ¬å
 ‘π ‚¥¬ª√“»®“°«‘∂’∑“ß∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß
·Ààß°ÆÀ¡“¬ ∑√—æ¬å ‘π à«πµ—«¢Õß
∫ÿ§§≈ ‡¡◊ËÕ∂Ÿ°π”‰ª„™âª√–‚¬™πå·°à
 “∏“√≥–·≈â« ‡®â“¢Õß®–µâÕ߉¥â√—∫
§à“™¥‡™¬∑’ˇªìπ∏√√¡
∫∑∑’Ë ˆ „π°√–∫«π°“√øÑ Õ ß
√âÕß∑“ßÕ“≠“∑ÿ°§¥’ ºŸâ∂Ÿ°°≈à“«À“
®–µâÕß¡’ ‘∑∏‘‰¥â√—∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“§¥’
„π»“≈∑’ˇªî¥‡º¬·≈–√«¥‡√Á« ‚¥¬¡’
§≥–≈Ÿ ° ¢ÿ π ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π °≈“ß„π‡¢µÀ√◊ Õ
¡≈√—∞∑’ˇ°‘¥§¥’Õ“≠“¢÷Èπ ºŸâ∂Ÿ°°≈à“«
À“µâÕ߉¥â√—∫·®âß∂÷ߢâÕ°≈à“«À“‚¥¬
≈–‡Õ’¬¥ µâÕ߉¥â‡º™‘≠Àπâ“欓π∑’Ë
°≈à“«À“µπ  “¡“√∂∑’Ë®–‡√’¬°æ¬“π
ΩÉ “ ¬µπ¡“„Àâ ° “√·≈–¡’  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ∑’Ë ® –¡’
∑π“¬«à“§«“¡„Àâ¥â«¬
∫∑∑’Ë ˜ „𧥒 µ “¡°ÆÀ¡“¬
49
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
§Õ¡¡Õπ≈Õ«å ´÷Ë߇°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫∑√—æ¬å
 ‘π∑’Ë¡’√“§“‡°‘π°«à“ Ú ¥Õ≈≈“√å
 À√—∞ „Àâ§ß‰«â´÷Ëß ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–¥”‡π‘𧥒
‚¥¬¡’§≥–≈Ÿ°¢ÿπ ¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß∑’˧≥–
≈Ÿ°¢ÿπæ‘®“√≥“‰ª·≈⫉¡à„À⻓≈¢Õß
 À√—∞Õ◊Ëπ„¥‰ªæ‘®“√≥“Õ’° πÕ°®“°
®–„™âÀ≈—°·Ààß°ÆÀ¡“¬§Õ¡¡Õπ≈Õ«å
∫∑∑’Ë ¯ Àâ“¡µ—Èß√“§“§à“ª√–°—π
µ—«„À⠟߇°‘π°«à“‡Àµÿ °“√ª√—∫°ÁµâÕß
‰¡àª√—∫®π‡°‘π°«à“‡Àµÿ·≈–°“√≈ß‚∑…
°Á Àâ “ ¡≈ß‚∑…∑’Ë ∑ “√ÿ ≥ ‚À¥√â “ ¬·≈–
º‘¥ª√°µ‘
∫∑∑’Ë ˘  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ∑’Ë √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
°”À𥉫â„Àâ°∫— æ≈‡¡◊Õß·≈â«π—πÈ Àâ“¡
π”¡“µ’ § «“¡∑’Ë ® –¬°‡≈‘ ° À√◊ Õ ≈¥≈ß
‚¥¬‡¥Á¥¢“¥
∫∑∑’Ë Ò Õ”π“®Õ◊Ëπ„¥∑’Ë¡‘‰¥â
¡Õ∫„Àâ √— ∞ ∫“≈ À√— ∞ ·≈–¡‘ ‰ ¥â Àâ “ ¡
„Àâ ∫ √√¥“¡≈√— ∞ ∑’Ë ¡’ Õ ¬Ÿà Õ”π“®∑—È ß
À≈“¬‡À≈à “ π’È ®— ° µâ Õ ß‡ªì π ¢Õß¡≈√— ∞
·≈–ª√–™“™π
∫√‘ ∫ ∑¢Õß∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ·Ààß
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
∑’Ë Ò¯ ¡’§«“¡¥—ßπ’È
¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò ¿“¬À≈—ß Ò ªïπ—∫
·µà «— π „Àâ  — µ ¬“∫— π ·°à ¡ “µ√“π’È · ≈â «
„Àâ∂◊Õ«à“°“√º≈‘µ °“√¢“¬ °“√¢π àß
¿“¬„π °“√π”‡¢â“ À√◊ Õ  à ß ÕÕ°´÷Ë ß
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ¢Õß¡÷ π ‡¡“¿“¬„π À√— ∞
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
À√◊Õ¥‘π·¥π„πÕ”π“®¢Õß À√—∞‡æ◊ËÕ
∫√‘‚¿§ ‡ªìπ°“√°√–∑”∑’˵âÕßÀâ“¡
∑—Èß ‘Èπ
¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú „Àâ √— ∞  ¿“·≈–
¡≈√—∞µà“ß Ê ¡’Õ”π“®∑’Ë®–∫—ߧ—∫„™â
¡“µ√“π’È ‚ ¥¬°“√µ√“‡ªì π °ÆÀ¡“¬
µ“¡§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡
¡“µ√“∑’Ë Û ¡“µ√“π’È®–‰¡à¡’
º≈∫—ߧ—∫„™â ‡«âπ·µà ¿“𑵑∫—≠≠—µ‘
¡≈√— ∞ µà “ ß Ê ®–‰¥â „ Àâ  — µ ¬“∫— π „π
∞“π–∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
¿“¬„π°”À𥇫≈“ ˜ ªïπ—∫·µà«—π∑’Ë
√—∞ ¿“‰¥â‡ πÕ∫∑·°â‰¢‰ª∂÷ß¡≈√—∞
∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
∑’Ë Ò¯ π’Ȫ√–°“»„™â‡¡◊ËÕ §.». Ò˘Ò˘
∑«à “ À“°‰¥â æ‘ ® “√≥“µ“¡À≈— ° ·Àà ß
‡Àµÿªí®®—¬´÷Ëß¡’ “√– ”§—≠«à“ ç‡æ√“–
 ‘Ëßπ’È¡’  ‘Ëßπ—Èπ®÷ß¡’é ·≈â« ∫∑·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ¥— ß °≈à “ «°Á À π’
‰¡à æâ 𠉪®“°°Æ‡°≥±å ∏ √√¡¥“π’È
‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ªí®®—¬·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’ˇ√’¬°
«à“ ç∫√‘∫∑é Õ¬à“߉√ ∑’Ë°àÕ„À⇰‘¥∫∑
∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ · °â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
∑’Ë Ò¯ π’ȇªìπ ‘Ëß∑’˧«√®–‰¥âæ‘®“√≥“
°—πµàÕ‰ª
À“°®–°≈à “ «‰ª·≈â «  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà §Ÿà
°— ∫ ¥‘ π ·¥π À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “¡“µ≈Õ¥
π—Èπ°Á§◊Õ ç‡À≈â“é ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß
‡À≈â“√—¡ (ram) ·≈–«‘ °’È (whiskey)
„π à«π¢Õß«‘ °’ȇ√‘Ë¡‰¥â√—∫§«“¡π‘¬¡
¡“°¢÷È π „π™à « ß∑»«√√…∑’Ë Ò˜˘
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°‡À≈â “ π—È π ‡ªì 𠇧√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ∑’Ë
˜
¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ∂—ß¢π“¥‡≈Á°‰«â ”À√—∫„ àπÈ”‚´¥“µ—Èߢ“¬µ“¡√â“π‚¥¬¡’∑àÕµàÕ¢÷Èπ¡“ ”À√—∫‰¢‚´¥“¢“¬
∑”„Àâ ºŸâ ¥◊Ë ¡ √Ÿâ  ÷ ° «à “ °√–ª√’È°√–‡ª√à“
°√–µÿâ𮑵„®„Àâ°≈â“ (Õ¬à“ß∫â“∫‘Ëπ)
·≈–‡¡◊Ë Õ ¡“∂÷ ß ™à « ߧ√‘   µå » µ«√√…∑’Ë
Ò˘ ª√–™“™π¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‡√‘¡Ë ¡’
‡ß‘π¡“°¢÷Èπ ª√‘¡“≥°“√∫√‘‚¿§‡À≈â“
µà“ß Ê °Á¬‘Ë߇æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπµ“¡‰ª¥â«¬
Õ¬à “ ߉√°Á µ “¡ ·¡â «à “ ‡À≈â “ ®–
‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¡’ºŸâπ‘¬¡™◊Ëπ™Õ∫Õ¬Ÿà‚¥¬∑—Ë«
‰ª ·µà‡À≈â“π—Èπ°Á‡ªìπ ‘Ë߇ æµ‘¥„Àâ
‚∑…™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß ‡°‘¥®“°°“√À¡—°À√◊Õ
°“√°≈—Ë π ·≈–¡’  à « πº ¡¢Õß·Õ≈-
°ÕŒÕ≈å ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕ¥◊Ë¡„πª√‘¡“≥¡“°°Á
®–∑”„Àâ√à“ß°“¬∑√ÿ¥‚∑√¡ πÕ°®“°
π’È ºŸâ ∑’Ë ¥◊Ë ¡ ‡À≈â “ ·≈â « ‚¥¬¡“°°Á ¡— ° ®–
‡°‘¥Õ“°“√¡÷π‡¡“¢“¥ µ‘ —¡ª™—≠≠–
®π°√–∑—Ëß°àÕ‡Àµÿ«ÿà𫓬µà“ß Ê ‰¥â
‚∑… ¡∫—µ‘¢Õ߇À≈Ⓡ™àππ’ȇÕß∑”„Àâ
¡’ ° ≈ÿà ¡ §π®”π«π‰¡à πâ Õ ¬∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ™ Õ∫
‡À≈â“ ·≈–‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘ßË ‡¿ —™°√
‚¥¬∑—Ë « ‰ª„π§√‘   µå » µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘
°Á‡ªìπ°≈ÿ¡à ∑’‰Ë ¡à™Õ∫‡À≈ⓇªìπÕ¬à“߬‘ßË
 ‘Ëß∑’Ë¡’ à«π ”§—≠Õ¬à“߬‘Ëߪ√–-
°“√Àπ÷Ëß„π°“√µàÕµâ“π‡À≈â“·≈–¢Õß
¡÷π‡¡“°Á§◊Õ°“√‡µ‘∫‚µ¢÷Èπ¢Õß∏ÿ√°‘®
çπȔ՗¥≈¡é (soft-drinks) „π À√—∞
Õ‡¡√‘ ° “ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷ߧ«√∑’Ë®–‰¥â∑”
§«“¡‡¢â“„®‡°’ˬ«°—∫°‘®°“√πȔ՗¥≈¡
´÷Ë ß ¡’  à « 𠔧— ≠ µà Õ  — ß §¡Õ‡¡√‘ °— π
„π°“√µàÕµâ“π‡À≈Ⓡ ’¬°àÕπ
πÈ” Õ— ¥ ≈¡π’È · √°‡√‘Ë ¡ ‡√’ ¬ °«à “
çπÈ”§“√å∫Õ‡πµé (carbonated water)
‡ªìππȔ՗¥·°ä ¡’®ÿ¥°”‡π‘¥∑’˪√–‡∑»
°“√»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ·≈–¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ·Ààß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
50
‡¬Õ√¡π’ „π §.». Ò˜¯Û À≈—ß®“°π—πÈ
ı ªï °Á‰¥â¡’°≈ÿà¡∫ÿ§§≈ ‰¥â·°à æÕ≈
(Paul) ™‡«ªªá (Schweppe) ·≈–°Õ ´’
(Gossee) √à«¡°—π°àÕµ—Èß‚√ßß“πº≈‘µ
πÈ”§“√å∫Õ‡πµ¢÷Èπ∑’ˇ¡◊Õ߇®π’«“ À≈—ß
®“°π—Èπ„π∑»«√√…∑’Ë Ò˜¯ ™‡«ªªá
°Á · ¬°ÕÕ°‰ªµ—È ß °‘ ® °“√¢Õßµπ‡Õß
∑’ˇ¡◊Õß∫√‘ ∑Õ≈ (Bristol) ª√–‡∑»
Õ— ß °ƒ… ‚¥¬‡√’ ¬ °º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å ¢ Õß
‡¢“«à“ çπÈ”‚´¥“é (soda-water) ∏ÿ√°‘®
¢Õ߇¢“°≈“¬‡ªì π °‘ ® °“√√–À«à “ ß
ª√–‡∑»∑’ˬ‘Ëß„À≠à„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“ ‡¡◊ËÕ
∂÷ß §.». Ò¯˜ πÈ”‚´¥“π’ȉ¥â·æ√à
À≈“¬‰ª¬—ß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“·≈–‡√‘Ë¡„™â
‡ªìπ à«πº ¡¢Õ߬“πÈ” πÕ°®“°π’È
°Á ¬— ß ‰¥â ¡’ ° “√∑”πÈ” ‚´¥“∫√√®ÿ ¢ «¥
¢“¬°—π„πÀ≈“¬ Ê ‡¡◊ÕߢÕß À√—∞
Õ‡¡√‘°“ µàÕ¡“„π §.». Ò¯Ú πÈ”
‚´¥“°Á ‰ ¥â √— ∫ °“√∫√√®ÿ ‡ ¢â “ „π∫— ≠ ™’
çµ”√—∫¬“é ¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‚¥¬¡’
∞“𖇪ìπ 笓πÈ”é ™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß ·≈–
„π §.». Ò¯Û πÈ”‚´¥“π’È°Á‰¥â√—∫
°“√æ— ≤ π“‚¥¬ª√ÿ ß ·µà ß √ ™“µ‘ „ Àâ
°≈“¬‡ªì π πÈ” À«“πÀ√◊ Õ πÈ” ‡™◊Ë Õ ¡‰ª
„π™à«ß∑»«√√…∑’Ë Ò¯Ù ‡¡◊ËÕ
¡’°“√ª√–¥‘…∞å 燧√◊ËÕß∑”πȔ՗¥≈¡é
(soda-fountain)˜ ¢÷Èπ¡“‰¥â °“√¢“¬
πÈ”‚´¥“À√◊ÕπȔ՗¥≈¡ (¬ÿ§·√°) π’È
°Á‡√‘Ë¡·æ√àÀ≈“¬‰ª∑—Ë« À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
‚¥¬πÈ” ‚´¥“π’È ® –¡’ ¢ “¬°— 𠵓¡√â “ π
¢“¬¬“∑—Ë«‰ª ®π°√–∑—Ëß¡“∂÷ߪ≈“¬
∑»«√√…∑’Ë Ò¯¯ °Á¡’ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√

„π∏ÿ√°‘®πȔ՗¥≈¡π’È¡“°∂÷ß Ò,Û˜˜
√“¬ ∑—È߬—ß¡’°“√º≈‘µπȔ՗¥≈¡∫√√®ÿ
¢«¥‰¥â¡“°∂÷ß Ò˜.Ù ≈â“π¢«¥µàÕªï¯
∫ÿ § §≈ ”§— ≠ ¢Õß«ß°“√πÈ”
Õ—¥≈¡§◊Õ ®ÕÀåπ  µ‘∑ ‡æ¡‡∫Õ√åµ—π
(John Stith Pemberton) ‡¢“‡ªìπ
‡¿ — ™ °√™◊Ë Õ ¥— ß «— ¬ ıı ªï ¡’ § «“¡
 “¡“√∂„π¥â“π°“√ª√ÿ߬“Õ¬à“ß¡“°
·≈–‡™à 𠇥’ ¬ «°— ∫ ‡¿ — ™ °√∑—Ë « ‰ª„π
¬ÿ§π—Èπ‡¢“‡°≈’¬¥‡À≈â“·≈– ‘Ëß¡÷π‡¡“
‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° ‡¢“¡’§«“¡ª√“√∂π“
∑’Ë ® –º≈‘ µ πÈ” Õ— ¥ ≈¡∑’Ë   ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å · ∫∫
¢÷È π ¡“ ‚¥¬§ÿ ≥  ¡∫— µ‘ ¢ ÕßπÈ” Õ— ¥ ≈¡
∑’Ë ‡ ¢“µâ Õ ß°“√°Á §◊ Õ ®–µâ Õ ß‡ªì π
燧√◊ËÕß™Ÿ°”≈—ß ∫”√ÿß®‘µ„® ∑’ˉ¡à∑”
„Àâ¡π÷ ‡¡“˘
„π∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ ‡æ¡‡∫Õ√å µ— π °Á ª √– ∫
§«“¡ ”‡√Á® ‡¢“„™â “√ °—¥®“°„∫
¢Õßµâ 𠂧§“¡“∑”‡ªì π º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å
„À¡à ‚¥¬‡√’¬°«à“ 牫π傧§“Ω√—ßË ‡» é
(the French Wine of Coca) πÕ°
®“°π’È ‡¢“¬—߉¥â欓¬“¡∑¥≈Õß∑”
πÈ” º≈‰¡â ‚ ¥¬„™â º ≈¢Õßµâ 𠂧§“Õ’ °
¥â « ¬ °√–∫«π°“√º≈‘ µ ¢Õ߇æ¡-
‡∫Õ√å µ— π π’È ‡ ¢“‰¥â √— ∫ ·π«§‘ ¥ ¡“®“°
æ«°∑“ π‘ ‚ °√∑’Ë ¡ “®“°·Õø√‘ ° “
∑«à “ °«à “ ∑’Ë ‡ ¢“®–‰¥â º ≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å π’È ¡ “
°ÁµâÕ߇ ’¬‡«≈“§‘¥À“«‘∏’°”®—¥§«“¡
¢¡ÕÕ°‰ªÕ¬Ÿà π “π °√–∑—Ë ß „π∑’Ë  ÿ ¥
‡¢“°Á∑”°“√º ¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ Ú ™π‘ ¥
¯
J.J. Riley, A History of the American Soft-Drinks Industry, 1807-1957 (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1972), p. 251.
˘
Paul Johnson, A History of the American People (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), p. 674.
Ò
Pat Watters, Coca-Cola: an Illustrated History (New York: Charles Scribnerûs Sons, 1978), p. 15.
ÒÒ
Paul Johnson, Ibid., p. 675.
‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå
‡¢â“¥â«¬°—π‚¥¬Õ¬à“ß·√°‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß
¥◊Ë¡∑’Ë¡’√ À«“π Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë Ú π—Èπ‡ªìπ
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ∑’Ë ‡ ¢“‡ÀÁ π «à “ ¡’   √√æ§ÿ ≥
√–ß— ∫ √â Õ π·≈–™à « ¬™Ÿ °”≈— ß ¥— ß π—È π
‡¢“®÷ßµ—ßÈ ™◊ÕË «à“ 炧§“-‚§≈à“é (Coca-
Cola) ·≈–™◊Ë Õ π’È ‰ ¥â ° ≈“¬‡ªì π ™◊Ë Õ ∑’Ë
ª√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà „ π‚¶…≥“∑—È ß À≈“¬·≈–
„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π π’È §”§”π’È ° ≈“¬‡ªì 𠧔∑’Ë
¡’ § 𮥮”‰¥â ¡ “°∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ ¢Õß‚≈°§”
Àπ÷ßË Ò
‡æ¡‡∫Õ√å µ— 𠧑 ¥ §â π «‘ ∏’ ° “√∑’Ë
®–∑”„À⇧√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡¢Õ߇¢“¡’√ ™“µ‘∑’Ë
·πàπÕπ °√–∑—Ëß„π∑»«√√…∑’Ë Ò¯¯
‡¢“°Á ‰ ¥â ® ¥∑–‡∫’ ¬ ππÈ” Õ— ¥ ≈¡µ”√— ∫
∑’ˇ¢“§‘¥§âπ¢÷Èπ¡“‰¥â ´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ¬Õ¥
¢“¬¢Õ߇¢“‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¡“°¢÷È π ∂÷ ß √â Õ ¬≈–
Ò˜ı ·≈–¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈∑“ß°“√µ≈“¥
‚§§“-‚§≈à“ °Á‰¥â‡ª≈’ˬπ™◊ËÕ¡“‡ªìπ
炧â°é (Coke)  Ÿµ√≈—∫„π°“√º≈‘µ
‚§â°π—Èπ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’ˬ“°®–‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
‰¥â ‡æ√“–µ—Èß·µà®¥∑–‡∫’¬π„π §.».
Ò¯¯ˆ ·≈â « §«“¡æ¬“¬“¡∑’Ë ® –
‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß Ÿ µ √§√—È ß ·√°°Á ‡ æ‘Ë ß ®–
¡’ ¢÷È π „π §.». Ò˘¯ı ·≈–°Á ∂Ÿ °
µàÕµâ“π®“° “∏“√≥™πÕ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ „π‡√◊ËÕß Ÿµ√¢Õß‚§â°
π—È π À“°«à “ ®–µâ Õ ß°“√‡≈’ ¬ π·∫∫
°Á‰¡à„™à‡√◊ËÕ߬“° ”À√—∫π—°«‘‡§√“–Àå
∑“߇§¡’∑’ˇ™’ˬ«™“≠ ∑«à“∫√‘…—∑§Ÿà·¢àß
∑’Ë ¡’ »— ° ¬¿“ææÕ∑’Ë ® –µà Õ  Ÿâ °— ∫ ‚§â °
51
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
‰¥â π—È π °Á ¡’ ‡ æ’ ¬ ß∫√‘ …— ∑ ‡ªì ª ´’Ë - ‚§≈à “
(Pepsi-Cola) ‡∑à“π—Èπ
π— ∫ ®“°§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡¢Õß
‡æ¡‡∫Õ√å µ— π ∑’Ë µâ Õ ß°“√ √â “ ߇§√◊Ë Õ ß
¥◊Ë¡™Ÿ°”≈—ß·≈–∫”√ÿß®‘µ„®∑’ˉ¡à°àÕ„Àâ
‡°‘ ¥ §«“¡¡÷ π ‡¡“ ‚§â ° °Á ° ≈“¬‡ªì π
∫√‘…—∑¬—°…å„À≠à·≈–„π §.». Ò˘ı
‚§â°°Á‰¥â‚¶…≥“‰ª∑—Ë« À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
«à “ 癓µ‘ ∑’Ë ¬‘Ë ß „À≠à µâ Õ ß‰¡à ¥◊Ë ¡ ¢Õß
¡÷π‡¡“é (The Great National Tem-
perance Drink)ÒÒ ·≈– ‘Ëßπ’Èπ—∫‡ªìπ
°“√ª√–°“» ß§√“¡Õ¬à “ ß™— ¥ ‡®π
√–À«à“ß çπȔ՗¥≈¡é °—∫ ç‡À≈â“é
·≈– ‘Ë ß π’È ‡ ªì π ·√ߺ≈— ° ¥— π ∑’Ë  ”§— ≠
Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ¢∫«π°“√µàÕµâ“π
 ÿ√“¥”‡π‘π‰ªÕ¬à“ߧ÷°§—°
°“√µàÕµâ“π‡À≈â“π’ÈπÕ°®“°®–
‰¥â √— ∫ °“√º≈— ° ¥— π ®“°°≈ÿà ¡ ∏ÿ √ °‘ ®
πÈ” Õ— ¥ ≈¡·≈â « °Á ¬— ß ¡’ · √ß π— ∫  πÿ π
®“°°≈ÿࡺŸâ‡§√àß»“ π“ Õ“∑‘ »“ π‘°-
™πæ‘«√‘·µπ·Ààßπ‘°“¬‚ª√‡µ ·µπµå
À√◊ Õ ·§≈«‘ π‘   µå · Àà ß π‘ ° “¬·§≈«‘ π
´÷Ë ß ‡ÀÁ π «à “ §«√®–∑”„Àâ Õ ‡¡√‘ ° “π—È π
‡ªìπ¥‘π·¥π∑’Ëæâπ®“°§«“¡∫“ª·≈–
‡À≈â“°Á‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊ÕπÀπ÷Ëßµ—«·∑π¢Õß
§«“¡∫“ªÕ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëߥ⫬
·π«√à « ¡„π°“√µà Õ µâ “ π‡À≈â “
πÕ°®“°π’È · ≈â « °Á ¬— ß ¡’ ° ≈ÿà ¡ µà Õ µâ “ π
°“√§â“∑“ ·≈–°≈ÿࡵàÕµâ“π ◊ËÕ≈“¡°
Õ’°¥â«¬ ·Õπ‚∑π’ §—¡ µÁÕ° (Anthony
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
Comstock) ‡ªìπ·°ππ”¢Õß°≈ÿࡺŸâ
µà Õ µâ “ π ◊Ë Õ ≈“¡°∑’Ë „ Àâ ° “√ π— ∫  πÿ π
°“√√≥√ߧåµàÕµâ“π‡À≈â“Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß
‡¢“‡ªìπ§π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√
‚πâ¡πâ“«√—∞ ¿“Õ¬à“ß¡“°®π°√–∑—Ëß
 “¡“√∂„Àâ√—∞ ¿“ºà“π°ÆÀ¡“¬´÷Ëß
°”Àπ¥„Àâ°“√‡º¬·æ√à ◊ËÕ≈“¡°‡ªìπ
§«“¡º‘¥∑“ßÕ“≠“ ®π‡ªìπ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—°°—π
„ππ“¡¢Õß ç°ÆÀ¡“¬§—¡ µÁÕ°é
(Comstock Law) Õπ÷Ëß §—¡ µÁÕ°π—Èπ
‰¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ¥â“π°“√‡ß‘π®“°
¡À“‡»√…∞’À≈“¬§π Õ“∑‘ ·´¡¡«≈
§Õ≈‡°µ (Samuel Colgate)
§— ¡  µÁ Õ °‚®¡µ’ ∫ √√¥“ºŸâ º ≈‘ µ
 ◊ËÕ≈“¡° ‚ ‡¿≥’ ·≈–æ«°‡®â“¢Õß
°‘®°“√§â“‡À≈â“«à“§π°≈ÿà¡π’ȇ™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß
°—πºà“π∑“ß°“√§â“·≈–°“√§Õ√å√—ª-
™—π ∑”„À♓«Õ‡¡√‘°—π„π™à«ß§√‘ µå
»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘ ®”π«π¡“°‡™◊ËÕ«à“∂â“
‡æ’¬ß·µà∑”„Àâ°“√¢“¬‡À≈Ⓡªìπ ‘Ëß
∑’˺‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬‡∑à“π—Èπ ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß·µà®–
∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂√–ß—∫‚√§æ‘… ÿ√“‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß
·≈–°”®—¥§π‡¡“ÕÕ°‰ª®“°‡¡◊Õ߉¥â
‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà¬—ß®– “¡“√∂ª√—∫ª√ÿß
»’ ≈ ∏√√¡¢ÕߺŸâ § π„Àâ ¥’ ¢÷È π ‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ß
¡“°Õ’°¥â«¬
§«“¡‡ÀÁπ‡°’Ë¬«°—∫‡À≈â“π’ȉ¥â√—∫
°“√«‘æ“°…å∂÷ß°—πÕ¬à“ßÀ≈“°À≈“¬
®“°∫ÿ § §≈ ”§— ≠ „πÕ¥’ µ ¢Õß À√— ∞
Õ‡¡√‘°“¡“·≈â« ‡™àπ ∑Õ¡—  ‡®ø-
‡øÕ√å —π (Thomas Jefferson) ‡ÀÁπ«à“
°“√ª≈Ÿ ° Õßÿà π °Á ‡ À¡◊ Õ π°— ∫ °“√·ºâ «
∂“ßÀπ∑“߉ª Ÿà ° “√º≈‘ µ ‡À≈â “ ∑’Ë ¡’
ÒÚ
Paul Johnson, Ibid., p. 678.
·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å Ÿß (‡™àπ «‘ °’È ∫√—Ëπ¥’
·≈–®‘π) ‡®¡ å ‡¡¥‘ —π (James Madi-
son) µâÕß°“√„À⇥Á°Àπÿà¡∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬„Àâ
秔ªØ‘≠“≥é «à“®–‰¡à¬ÿà߇°’ˬ«°—∫
‡À≈â“·≈–¢Õß¡÷π‡¡“  à«πÕ—∫√“Œ—¡
≈‘π§Õ≈åπ °Á‡ÀÁπ«à“ ç‡À≈Ⓡªìπ ‘Ëß¡’
æ‘…é ‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ‡∑懮⓷Ààߧ«“¡
µ“¬
™à«ß∑»«√√… Ò¯Û ª√–¡“≥
«à“ª√–™“°√Õ‡¡√‘°—π Ò §π®–∫√‘‚¿§
·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ‡ ©≈’Ë ¬ ˜.Ò ·°≈≈Õπ
µà Õ ªï ´÷Ë ß µ— « ‡≈¢π’È ‡ ªì π µ— « ‡≈¢∑’Ë πà “
µ√–Àπ°¡“° ·≈–¡’§«“¡Àà«ß°—ß«≈
«à “ À“°ª≈à Õ ¬„Àâ ‡ Àµÿ ° “√≥å ¥”‡π‘ π
‰ª‡™àππ’È À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“°Á®–‰¥â√—∫°“√
¢π“ππ“¡«à“‡ªìπ ç “∏“√≥√—∞æ‘…
 ÿ√“‡√◊ÈÕ√—ßé (Alcoholic Republic)ÒÚ
µàÕ¡“„π∑»«√√… Ò¯Ù °Á‰¥â
¡’°“√»÷°…“∂÷ߺ≈°√–∑∫∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°
°“√¥◊Ë¡‡À≈â“ ·≈–º≈°“√»÷°…“∑’ˉ¥â
¡“π—È π °Á æ ∫«à “ §«“¡√ÿ π ·√ß¿“¬„π
§√Õ∫§√—« Õ“™≠“°√√¡ ·≈–§«“¡
¬“°®π √«¡∑—Èß°“√‰√⧫“¡ “¡“√∂
„π°“√º≈‘ µ ¢Õߧπß“π„π‚√ßß“π
≈â«π·µà¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫‡À≈â“ ·≈–
 “‡Àµÿ∑’Ë∑”„Àâª√–™“™π∫√‘‚¿§‡À≈â“
„πª√‘ ¡ “≥∑’Ë ¡ “°‡°‘ 𠧫√°Á ¡ “®“°
°“√·¢àߢ—π°—π√–À«à“ß√â“π‡À≈â“ À≈—ß
®“°π—È π °“√√≥√ß§å µà Õ µâ “ π°“√§â “
‡À≈â “ °Á ‡ ¢â ¡ ¢â π ¢÷È π ®π°√–∑—Ë ß ‡¡◊Ë Õ ∂÷ ß
§.». Ò¯ıı °Á¡’¡≈√—∞ ÒÛ ¡≈√—∞ ®“°
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ Û ¡≈√—∞ ∑’ËÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬
µàÕµâ“π°“√§â“‡À≈â“
°“√»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ·≈–¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ·Ààß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
52
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ·¡â«à“®–¡’ºŸâ π—∫
 πÿπ°ÆÀ¡“¬Àâ“¡§â“‡À≈â“¡“°¡“¬
·µà°≈ÿࡺŸâ∑’˵àÕµâ“π°“√Àâ“¡§â“‡À≈â“
‡Õß°Á¡’‰¡àπâÕ¬‡™àπ°—π ¥—ß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â
®“°°“√∑’Ë æ √√§√‘ æ— ∫ ≈‘ °— π ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π
æ√√§°“√‡¡◊Õß¢π“¥„À≠à´÷Ëß¡’π‚¬-
∫“¬ π— ∫  πÿ π °ÆÀ¡“¬°“√Àâ “ ¡
§â“‡À≈â“ µâÕß∂Õ¥π‚¬∫“¬π’ÈÕÕ°®“°
æ√√§  “‡Àµÿ‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°æ√√§µâÕß
°“√¢¬“¬∞“π‡ ’ ¬ ߇¢â “  Ÿà ¿ “§‡Àπ◊ Õ
‚¥¬√—∫™“«‰Õ√‘™·≈–™“«‡¬Õ√¡—π∑’Ë
π— ∫ ∂◊ Õ π‘ ° “¬§“∑Õ≈‘ ° √«¡∑—È ß ™“«
‡¬Õ√¡— π ·≈–™“« ·°π¥‘ ‡ π‡«’ ¬ ∑’Ë
π—∫∂◊Õπ‘°“¬≈Ÿ‡∑Õ√å√—π ´÷Ëߧπ°≈ÿà¡π’È
‰¡àπ‘¬¡°ÆÀ¡“¬Àâ“¡§â“‡À≈â“ πÕ°
®“°π’È °≈ÿà¡√â“π¢“¬‡À≈â“„πª√–‡∑»
 À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‡Õß°Á√«¡µ—«°—π‡æ◊ËÕµàÕ
µâ“π°ÆÀ¡“¬π’È
Õπ÷Ëß °“√√«¡µ—«°—π¢Õß°≈ÿà¡
√â“π¢“¬‡À≈â“π’È°Á∂Ÿ°µÕ∫‚µâ°≈—∫‚¥¬
ç°≈ÿ¡à µàÕµâ“π°≈ÿ¡à √â“π‡À≈â“·Ààß À√—∞
Õ‡¡√‘°“é (Anti-Saloon League of
America-ASL) ´÷Ëß°≈ÿà¡ ASL π’ȉ¥â
√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπÕ¬à“ß¡“°®“°°≈ÿà¡
∑À“√À≠‘ ß ∑’Ë ‡ ¢â “ √à « ¡√∫„π ß§√“¡
°≈“߇¡◊Õß °≈ÿà¡ ASL ¥”‡π‘π°“√
‚πâ¡πâ“«„Àâ ¿“𑵑∫—≠≠—µ‘„π¡≈√—∞
µà “ ß Ê ¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ‚Õπ‡Õ’¬ß‰ª„π
·π«∑“ß π—∫ πÿπ°ÆÀ¡“¬µàÕµâ“π
°“√§â“‡À≈Ⓣ¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
„π §.». Ò˘Òˆ ¡≈√—∞∑’Ë¡’°Æ
À¡“¬µàÕµâ“π°“√§â“‡À≈â“¡’®”π«π
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ ÚÒ ¡≈√—∞ ·≈–„πªïπ—Èπ

‡Õß°Á‡ªìπªï∑’Ë¡’°“√‡≈◊Õ°µ—Èß·Ààß™“µ‘
‡æ◊ËÕ‡≈◊Õ° ¡“™‘°√—∞ ¿“ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ°“√
‡≈◊Õ°µ—Èߺà“πæâπ‰ª ¡“™‘°√—∞ ¿“°Á
·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ Ú ΩÉ“¬ §◊Õ çΩÉ“¬ π—∫
 πÿπ°“√Àâ“¡§â“‡À≈â“é ´÷ßË ‡√’¬°°—π«à“
æ«° ç¥√“¬é (dry) ·≈– çΩÉ“¬µàÕµâ“π
°“√Àâ“¡§â“‡À≈â“é ´÷ßË ‡√’¬°°—π«à“æ«°
燫Áµé (wet) ‚¥¬∑’ËΩÉ“¬ π—∫ πÿππ—Èπ
¡’¡“°°«à“ΩÉ“¬µàÕµâ“πÕ¬Ÿà„π —¥ à«π
Ú µàÕ Ò  àߺ≈„Àâ„π‡¥◊Õπ∏—𫓧¡
§.». Ò˘Ò˜ √—∞ ¿“·Ààß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
π”‚¥¬·Õπ¥√Ÿ«å ‡®. ‚«≈ ‡µ¥ (An-
drew J. Volstead) °Á‰¥â‡ πÕ∫∑·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë Ò¯ µàÕ√—∞ ¿“
 À√—∞
‡¡◊ËÕ∂÷ß §.». Ò˘Ò˘ ∫∑·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë Ò¯ π’È°Á‰¥â√—∫
°“√„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π  àߺ≈„Àâ√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
·Àà ß  À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “Àâ “ ¡ ç°“√º≈‘ µ
°“√¢“¬ °“√¢π àß¿“¬„π °“√π”‡¢â“
À√◊Õ àßÕÕ°´÷Ë߇§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡¢Õß¡÷π‡¡“
¿“¬„π À√—∞À√◊Õ¥‘π·¥π„πÕ”π“®
¢Õß À√—∞‡æ◊ËÕ∫√‘‚¿§é
®“°∑’ˉ¥â∫√√¬“¬¡“π’ȇ√“®–æ∫
«à“µ√√°– ”§—≠¢Õß°≈ÿࡺŸâ π—∫ πÿπ
°ÆÀ¡“¬Àâ“¡§â“‡À≈â“°Á§◊Õ ‡À≈â“π—Èπ
‡ªì π  ‘Ë ß ‰¡à ¥’ ‡ π◊Ë Õ ß®“°∑”„Àâ √à “ ß°“¬
¢ÕߺŸâ¥◊Ë¡∑√ÿ¥‚∑√¡ ·≈–¬—ß∑”„À⺟â∑’Ë
¥◊Ë ¡ ®π‡¡“‰ª°à Õ §«“¡‡¥◊ Õ ¥√â Õ π«ÿà π
«“¬„Àâ·°à∫ÿ§§≈Õ◊Ëπ Ê ¥â«¬ ∑—È߬—߇ªìπ
∑’Ë ¡ “¢ÕßÕ“™≠“°√√¡À≈“¬Õ¬à “ ß
¥—ßπ—Èπ À“° “¡“√∂Àâ“¡°“√§â“‡À≈â“
‰¥â · ≈â « °Á ® –∑”„Àâ ª √–‡∑» À√— ∞
Õ‡¡√‘°“°≈“¬‡ªìπ‚≈°æ√–»√’Õ“√‘¬å
‰¥â ´÷Ëß°Á‡ªìπ‡Àµÿº≈∑’ˬ“°®–¡’ºŸâ„¥
‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå
ªØ‘‡ ∏‰¥â ·≈–°≈ÿࡺŸâ π—∫ πÿπ°Æ
À¡“¬Àâ“¡§â“‡À≈â“∑’Ë ”§—≠ ‰¥â·°à
Ò. °≈ÿà ¡ ºŸâ ‡ §√à ß »“ π“ ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëßæ«°æ‘«√‘·µπ ·≈–
·§≈«‘π‘ µå
Ú. °≈ÿࡵàÕµâ“π°“√§â“∑“  ·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë∂Ÿ°‡ πÕ
Û. °≈ÿࡵàÕµâ“π ◊ËÕ≈“¡°
Ù. °≈ÿà¡∏ÿ√°‘®πȔ՗¥≈¡
‡√“‰¡à “¡“√∂ªØ‘‡ ∏‰¥â«à“·√ß
º≈—°¥—𠔧—≠∑’∑Ë ”„Àâ°“√µàÕµâ“π°“√
§â“‡À≈â“°√–®“¬‰ª∑—Ë« À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«°Á§◊Õ ç°“√¢¬“¬µ—«¢Õß
∏ÿ √ °‘ ® πÈ” Õ— ¥ ≈¡é ·≈–¥â « ¬§«“¡∑’Ë
∫√‘…—∑µà“ß Ê ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π∏ÿ√°‘®π’È·¡â«à“®–
‡ªìπ§Ÿà·¢àߢ—π°—π·µà∑ÿ°§π°Á¡’§«“¡
‡ÀÁπ√à«¡°—π«à“»—µ√Ÿ∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ߢÕß çπÈ”
Õ—¥≈¡é °Á§◊Õ ç‡À≈â“é ¥—ßπ—Èπ ¥â«¬
°“√‚À¡‚¶…≥“·≈–·¡â°√–∑—Ëß°“√
®Ÿß„®∫√√¥“π—°°“√‡¡◊Õß®÷ß∑”„Àâ°“√
µà Õ µâ “ π°“√§â “ ‡À≈â “ ‡ªì π ‰ªÕ¬à “ ß¡’
ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ¬‘Ë ß ®π°≈“¬‡ªì π ∫∑
·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë Ò¯ ‰ª
„π∑’ Ë ¥ÿ
∫√‘ ∫ ∑¢Õß∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡
√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ∑’Ë Ú˜ ·Àà ß √— ∞ -
∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
ë ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡-
πŸ≠∑’Ë Ú˜ ¡’§«“¡¥—ßπ’È
ë °ÆÀ¡“¬„¥ Ê Õ—π‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß
°— ∫ Õ— µ √“‡ß‘ 𠇥◊ Õ π¢Õß ¡“™‘ ° «ÿ ≤‘
 ¿“ ·≈– ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√®–¡’º≈
∫—ߧ—∫„™â‰¡à‰¥â ®π°«à“¿“¬À≈—ß°“√
‡≈◊ Õ °µ—È ß  ¡“™‘ °  ¿“ºŸâ · ∑π√“…Æ√
 ¡—¬µàÕ‰ª
53
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
ë ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡-
πŸ≠∫∑π’È∂Ÿ°‡ πÕ‡¢â“ Ÿà°“√æ‘®“√≥“
æ√âÕ¡°—∫∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“¥â«¬ ‘∑∏‘æ◊Èπ∞“π
¢Õßæ≈‡¡◊Õß ‡¡◊ËÕ §.». Ò˜˘Ò ´÷Ëß
À“°®–°≈à “ «‰ª·≈â « „π§√—È ß π—È π ∫∑
„Àâ æ‘ ® “√≥“¡’ ∑—È ß  ‘È π ÒÚ ¡“µ√“
¥â«¬°—π ·µà∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π
„π §.». Ò˜˘Ò ¡’‡æ’¬ß Ò ¡“µ√“
¥—ß∑’ˉ¥â°≈à“«‰«â·≈â«¢â“ßµâπ  à«πÕ’°
Ú ¡“µ√“∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π
æ√â Õ ¡°— π °— ∫ ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ «à “ ¥â « ¬ ‘ ∑ ∏‘
æ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õßæ≈‡¡◊Õß Ò ¡“µ√“°Á
§◊Õ ∫∑∑’Ë«à“¥â«¬°“√°”Àπ¥®”π«π
 ¡“™‘° ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√„Àâ·πàπÕπ
∑«à“∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠π’È
‰¡àºà“π°“√æ‘®“√≥“®÷ßµ°‰ª  à«π
Õ’ ° ∫∑Àπ÷Ë ß °Á §◊ Õ ∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë«à“¥â«¬°ÆÀ¡“¬‡°’ˬ«
¢â Õ ß°— ∫ Õ— µ √“‡ß‘ 𠇥◊ Õ π¢Õß ¡“™‘ °
«ÿ ≤‘   ¿“·≈– ¡“™‘ °  ¿“ºŸâ · ∑π
√“…Æ√π’ȇÕß
ë „π§√—Èßπ—Èπ ·¡â«à“∫∑·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∫∑π’È®–ºà“π°“√
æ‘ ® “√≥“·µà ¡’ ¡ ≈√— ∞ ∑’Ë „ Àâ  — µ ¬“∫— π
‰«â‡æ’¬ß ˆ ¡≈√—∞‡∑à“π—Èπ ®“°®”π«π
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„π ¡—¬‡√‘Ë¡µ—Èߪ√–‡∑» À√—∞
Õ‡¡√‘°“ ÒÛ ¡≈√—∞ §◊Õ ·¡√’·≈π¥å
πÕ√å∑·§‚√‰≈π“ ‡´“∑å·§‚√‰≈π“
‡¥≈“·«√å ‡«Õ√å¡Õπµå ·≈–‡«Õ√宇‘ π’¬√å
´÷Ë ß µ“¡¢â Õ °”Àπ¥¢Õß√— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
·Ààß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“·≈â«°“√∑’Ë∫∑·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ®–¡’ º ≈∫— ß §— ∫
„™â‰¥âπ—Èπ®–µâÕ߉¥â√—∫°“√„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π
®“°¡≈√—∞µà“ß Ê µ—Èß·µà Û „π Ù ¢Õß
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
®”π«π¡≈√—∞∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‡ ’¬°àÕπ (ÒÒ
¡≈√—∞) µàÕ®“°π—Èπ „π §.». Ò˜˘Ú
¥‘ π ·¥π‡§π∑— ° °’ ‰ ¥â √— ∫ °“√¬Õ¡√— ∫
„Àâ ‡ ªì π ¡≈√— ∞ ®÷ ß ‰¥â „ Àâ  — µ ¬“∫— π µà Õ
∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑—Èß ÒÚ
¡“µ√“ „π‡¥◊Õπ‡¥’¬«°—ππ—Ëπ‡Õß
À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ„π™à«ß√à«¡ Ú ªï
°Á¡’¡≈√—∞„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π„π∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡
‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“π’È ‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡Õ’°
‡æ’¬ß Ú ¡≈√—∞‡∑à“π—Èπ §◊Õ„π §.».
Ò¯˜Û √—∞ ¿“¢Õß¡≈√—∞‚Õ‰Œ‚Õ‰¥â
„Àâ —µ¬“∫—πÀ≈—ß®“°∑’Ë ¡“™‘°√—∞ ¿“
‚Õ‰Œ‚Õ‰¥â ºà “ π°ÆÀ¡“¬‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡ß‘ π
‡¥◊Õπ„Àâ·°ààµπÕ’°∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– ı ·≈–
„π §.». Ò˘˜¯ √—∞ ¿“¢Õß¡≈√—∞
‰«‚Õ¡‘ß°Á„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π∫∑·°â‰¢‡æà‘Ë¡
‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ π’È ‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡ªì π °“√
§—¥§â“π°√≥’°“√‡ πÕ√à“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬
°“√¢÷Èπ‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπ¢Õß ¡“™‘°√—∞ ¿“
„π¢≥–∑’Ë®”π«π¡≈√—∞¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
 À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‡æà‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬ Ê ®”π«π
¡≈√—∞∑’Ë„Àâ —µ¬“∫—πµàÕ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡
‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ π’È°Á¡’
Õ¬Ÿà‡æ’¬ß ˘ ¡≈√—∞‡∑à“π—Èπ ®π°√–∑—Ëß
„π∑’Ë ÿ¥ «—π∑’Ë ı 情¿“§¡ §.».
Ò˘˘Ú ¡≈√—∞·Õ≈–·∫¡“‡ªìπ¡≈√—∞
∑’Ë Û¯ ∑’Ë„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡
‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∫∑π’È∑”„Àâ°≈“¬‡ªìπ
∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡∑’Ë Ú˜ „π√—∞∏√√¡-
πŸ≠·Ààß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ‡ªìπ∫∑≈à“ ÿ¥
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ·≈–°≈“¬‡ªìπ∫∑·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë„™â‡«≈“„π°“√
„Àâ —µ¬“∫—𬓫π“π∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ ‡ªì π
√–¬–‡«≈“∂÷ß ÚÛ ªï ·√°‡√‘Ë¡„π
ª√–«— µ‘ ¢ Õß∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ -
∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ π’È ‰¥â ‡ °‘ ¥
§«“¡‡¢â “ „®º‘ ¥ °— π Õ¬à “ ß°«â “ ߢ«“ß
«à“¡≈√—∞¡‘™‘·°π‡ªìπ¡≈√—∞∑’Ë Û¯ ∑’Ë
„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π„π«—π∑’Ë ˜ 情¿“§¡
§.». Ò˘˘Ú ´÷Ëߧ«“¡®√‘ß·≈â«¡≈√—∞
·Õ≈–·∫¡“‰¥â „ Àâ  — µ ¬“∫— 𠉪°à Õ π
·≈â«‡æ’¬ß Ú «—π‡∑à“π—Èπ  “‡Àµÿ¢Õß
§«“¡‡¢â“„®º‘¥π’È°Á§◊Õ ¡≈√—∞‡§π∑—°°’
„π™à « ß∑’Ë ‰ ¥â √— ∫ °“√¬Õ¡√— ∫ ‡¢â “ ¡“
‡ªìπ¡≈√—∞∑’Ë Òı „π §.». Ò˜˘Ú ‰¥â
„Àâ  — µ ¬“∫— π µà Õ ∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑—Èß ÒÚ ∫∑ ·µà≈◊¡! ·≈–
‰¥â„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π´È” „π §.». Úˆ
®÷ߧâπæ∫¢âÕº‘¥æ≈“¥
®–‡ÀÁ π «à “ ·∫∫∏√√¡‡π’ ¬ ¡„π
°“√°”Àπ¥√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√„Àâ
 —µ¬“∫—π‰¡à‡°‘π ˜ ªïπ—Èπ ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
¿“¬À≈—ß §.». Ò˘Ò˘ (‡√‘Ë¡¡’§√—Èß·√°
„π∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ∑’Ë
Ò¯) ¥—ßπ—Èπ ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞-
∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë Ú˜ π’È®÷ß “¡“√∂Õ¥∑π
√Õ§Õ¬°“√„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π®π “¡“√∂
∫— ß §— ∫ „™â ‰ ¥â ∂÷ ß ÚÛ ªï ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
‡¢â“√—∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“¡“µ—Èß·µà §.».
Ò˜¯˘ π—Ëπ‡Õß ·≈– ‘Ëßπ’ȇªì𧫓¡
·µ°µà“ßÕ¬à“ß ”§—≠√–À«à“ß∫∑·°â‰¢
‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë Ò¯ °—∫ Ú˜
®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡
‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë Ú˜ π’È°Á‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß
°— π ‰¡à „ Àâ ∫ √√¥“ ¡“™‘ ° √— ∞  ¿“√«¡
À— « °— π · «ßÀ“º≈ª√–‚¬™πå „ Àâ · °à
µπ‡Õß„π√Ÿ ª ¢Õß°“√¢÷È π ‡ß‘ 𠇥◊ Õ π
„Àⷰൗ«‡Õß ‡æ√“–À“°¡’°“√ºà“π
°ÆÀ¡“¬¢÷È π ‡ß‘ 𠇥◊ Õ π ª√–™“™π
°Á®–∑√“∫«à“ ¡“™‘°√—∞ ¿“§π„¥∫â“ß
°“√»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ·≈–¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ·Ààß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
54
∑’Ë≈ߧ–·ππ„Àâ°—∫°ÆÀ¡“¬¥—ß°≈à“«
·≈–À“°°“√¢÷È π ‡ß‘ 𠇥◊ Õ ππ—È π ‰¡à
 ¡‡Àµÿ   ¡º≈  ¡“™‘ ° √— ∞  ¿“∑’Ë ≈ ß
§–·ππ„Àâ°—∫°ÆÀ¡“¬¢÷Èπ‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπ
¥— ß °≈à “ «°Á ¡’ ‚ Õ°“  Ÿ ß ∑’Ë ® –‰¡à ‰ ¥â √— ∫
‡≈◊Õ°µ—Èß°≈—∫‡¢â“¡“„π ¡—¬Àπâ“ ´÷Ë ß
°ÁÀ¡“¬§«“¡«à“ °“√∑’˵π‡Õߺà“π
°ÆÀ¡“¬¢÷È π ‡ß‘ 𠇥◊ Õ ππ—È π ‡ªì π °“√
絒ߟ„Àâ°“°‘πé π—Ëπ‡Õß ·µàÕ¬à“߉√
°Áµ“¡ ¢—ÈπµÕπ¢Õß°“√ºà“π∫∑·°â
‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠π’È°ÁµâÕߺà“π
 ¡“™‘ °  ¿“π‘ µ‘ ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ¢ Õß¡≈√— ∞
µà“ß Ê Õ¬Ÿàπ—Ëπ‡Õß ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷߉¡àπà“
ª√–À≈“¥„®¡“°π—°∑’Ë∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡
‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ π’È®÷ß
„™â‡«≈“π“π∂÷ß ÚÛ ªï
‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ߢÕߧ«“¡ ”‡√Á®¢Õß
°“√∫√√®ÿ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡-
πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ≈ß„π√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
·Ààß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“π—Èπ‰¥â‡√‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ
§.». Ò˘˘Ú ‚¥¬π— ° »÷ ° …“√–¥— ∫
ª√‘≠≠“µ√’·Ààß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑°´— 
ÕÕ µ‘ π ™◊Ë Õ π“¬‡°√°Õ√’ «— µ  — π
(Gregory Watson) ‰¥â∑”°“√§âπ§«â“
À“¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ∑’Ë À Õ ¡ÿ ¥ ª√–™“™π¢Õß
‡¡◊ Õ ßÕÕ µ‘ π ‡æ◊Ë Õ ∑”√“¬ß“π à ß
Õ“®“√¬å „π«‘™“°“√ª°§√Õß (Govern-
ment) ‡¥‘ ¡ 𓬫— µ  — π µ—È ß „®®–∑”
√“¬ß“π‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ ∑’Ë„À⧫“¡‡ ¡Õ¿“§µàÕ
∫ÿ √ÿ … ·≈– µ√’ Õ ¬à “ ߇∑à “ ‡∑’ ¬ ¡°— π „π
∑ÿ°·ßà¡ÿ¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëߧ«“¡
‡ ¡Õ¿“§„πÕ“™’æ°“√ß“π (ERA)
·µà ∫ ∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ π’È
‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√„Àâ —µ¬“∫—π®“°¡≈√—∞∂÷ß
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

®”π«π Û „π Ù ®÷ßµ°‰ª„π√–À«à“ß „π√“¬ß“π¢Õß𓬇°√°Õ√’ 𓬇°√°Õ√’ «—µ —π º‘¥æ≈“¥„π°“√

°“√§âπ§«â“π’È π“¬«—µ —π‰¥âæ∫‡√◊ËÕß «—µ —π ∑’Ë àß„ÀâÕ“®“√¬å∑’Ë Õπ«‘™“°“√ æ‘®“√≥“√“¬ß“π„π¢âÕ∑’Ë Ò ·µà ”À√—∫
°“√‡ πÕ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡- ª°§√Õßπ—Èπ Õ“®“√¬å¢Õ߇¢“´÷Ë߇ªì𠧫“¡‡ÀÁπ¢ÕßÕ“®“√¬å„π¢âÕ∑’Ë Ú π—Èπ
πŸ≠™ÿ¥·√° ÒÚ ¡“µ√“∑’ˇ πÕµàÕ  ÿ¿“æ µ√’‰¥â„Àâ√–¥—∫§–·ππ C ‚¥¬ ¥Ÿ®–·¡àπµ√ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë
√— ∞  ¿“ À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “„π ¡— ¬ °“√ „Àâ‡Àµÿº≈ Ú ª√–°“√ §◊Õ ∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“
ª√–™ÿ¡§√—Èß·√°„π §.». Ò˜¯˘ ´÷Ëß ë √“¬ß“π©∫— ∫ π’È ‰ ¡à   “¡“√∂ ∑’Ë Ú˜ ¡’º≈„™â∫—ߧ—∫‰¡àπ“π √—∞ ¿“
∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ Ò „Àâ ‡ Àµÿ º ≈·≈–À≈— ° ∞“π‡æ’ ¬ ßæÕ∑’Ë  À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“°ÁÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬ ç°“√
¢â Õ ·√°‰¥â √— ∫ °“√„Àâ  — µ ¬“∫— π Õ¬à “ ß ®–¬Õ¡√— ∫ ‰¥â «à “ ∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ ª√—∫ª√ÿß§à“§√Õß™’æ¢Õß ¡“™‘°
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥å´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—°°—π„ππ“¡¢Õß √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ π’Ȭ—ߧ߄Àâ √—∞ ¿“ - Cost of Living Adjustment
ç∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ «à “ ¥â « ¬ ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ◊È π ∞“π¢Õß  — µ ¬“∫— π ®“°¡≈√— ∞ µà “ ß Ê ‰¥âÀ≈—ß (COLA)é ´÷Ë߬—ߺ≈„Àâ ¡“™‘°√—∞ ¿“
æ≈‡¡◊Õß (Bill of Right)é ·µà∫∑ ®“°∑’ˉ¥â‡ πÕ¡“°«à“ Ú ªï·≈â«  “¡“√∂‡æ‘Ë¡‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπ„Àⷰൗ«‡Õ߉¥â
·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ Õ’ ° Ú ë „π§«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ ¢ÕßÕ“®“√¬å ‡™àπ‡¥‘¡π—πË ‡Õß
¡“µ√“‰¡àºà“π π—Èπ‰¡à‡ÀÁ𧫓¡ —¡æ—π∏å„πª√–‡¥Áπ
∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ∑’Ë¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ π’È¡’§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡ À¡“¬‡Àµÿ
¡“µ√“Àπ÷Ë ß ‰¥â ° ≈“¬‡ªì π ∫∑·°â ‰ ¢ °—∫ ¿“槫“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß ”À√—∫√—∞- „π à«π∫√‘∫∑¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡
‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠ ¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ∫“≈ ¡—¬ªí®®ÿ∫π— ‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ·Ààß
´÷Ëß¡’𓬇°√°Õ√’ «—µ —π ºŸâ π’È ‡ Õß∑’Ë ‚¥¬ √ÿ ª ·≈â « À≈— ß ®“°∑’Ë π “¬ √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“π—Èπ ºŸâ‡¢’¬π
√‘ ‡ √‘Ë ¡ ·≈–µ—È ß µ— « ‡ªì π ºŸâ ª √– “πß“π ‡°√°Õ√’ «—µ —𠉥â√—∫√–¥—∫§–·ππ C ‰¥â „ ™â ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ∑“ßÕ‘ π ‡∑Õ√å ‡ πÁ µ ·≈–
¢∫«π°“√∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß·Ààß™“µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ  ”À√—∫√“¬ß“π¢Õ߇¢“‡¡◊ËÕ∑»«√√… Wikipedia (on-line encyclopedia) ‡ªìπ
°“√„Àâ  — µ ¬“∫— π ∫∑·°â ‰ ¢‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ ∑’˺à“π¡“π—È𠉥âæ‘ Ÿ®πå«à“Õ“®“√¬å¢Õß  à«π„À≠à ´÷ËߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈∑“ßÀπ—ß ◊Õπ—Èπ
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ (National
Coordinator of the Political Move-
ment to Ratify the 27th Amendment)
¥â«¬°“√‡¢’¬π®¥À¡“¬‰ª¬—ß ¡“™‘°
√— ∞  ¿“¢Õß¡≈√— ∞ µà “ ß Ê ´÷Ë ß ‰¥â √— ∫
º≈ ”‡√Á®Õ¬à“ß Ÿß‚¥¬¡≈√—∞‡¡π‡ªìπ
¡≈√— ∞ ·√°∑’Ë „ Àâ  — µ ¬“∫— π „π‡¥◊ Õ π
‡¡…“¬π §.». Ò˘¯Û ·≈–µ“¡¥â«¬
¡≈√—∞‚§‚√≈“‚¥ ·≈–„π §.». Ò˘˘Ú
‡¡◊Ë Õ ¡≈√— ∞ ·Õ≈“∫“¡“„Àâ  — µ ¬“∫— π
‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ı 情¿“§¡ §.». Ò˘˘Ú
§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡¢Õß𓬇°√°Õ√’
«— µ  — π °Á ª √– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á ® Õ¬à “ ß
ߥߓ¡

‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå
55
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
¡’πâÕ¬·≈–§«“¡®”°—¥„π∑√—欓°√
ÀâÕß ¡ÿ¥∑’¡Ë Õ’ ¬Ÿà ·µàº‡Ÿâ ¢’¬π‰¥â欓¬“¡
°≈—Ë π °√Õß ‡∑’ ¬ ∫‡§’ ¬ ߢâ Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â
®“°Õ‘π‡∑Õ√å‡πÁµÕ¬à“ß√–¡—¥√–«—߇ªìπ
∑’ Ë ¥ÿ .
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡
‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå, √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
°“√ª°§√Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
§≥– —ߧ¡»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√
»“ µ√å, ÚıÙÙ.
_____. °“√‡¡◊Õß°“√ª°§√Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ :
·π«æ‘π‘®∑“ߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
 ”π—°æ‘¡æå‚Õ‡¥’¬π ‚µ√å, ÚıÙ¯.
_____. À≈—°√—∞»“ µ√å. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : §≥– —ߧ¡
»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å, ÚıÙ¯.
„™â‡ªìπ∑’˪√–™ÿ¡√—∞ ¿“¡“µ—Èß·µà §.». Ò¯ ®π∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π
·∫√¥≈’, «‘≈‡≈’¬¡ ·Õ≈. ç√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠°—∫π‚¬∫“¬
µà“ߪ√–‡∑»¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“é. „π ‡ âπ
∑“ß¡À“Õ”π“® : ‡Õ° “√¥â“ππ‚¬∫“¬
µà“ߪ√–‡∑»Õ‡¡√‘°“µàÕ‡Õ‡™’¬. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
‚§√ß°“√®—¥æ‘¡æå§∫‰ø, ÚıÙÙ.
Brinkley, Alen. The Unfinished Nation.
Boston : McGraw-Hill, 1997.
Burns, James MacGregor. Roosevelt : The
Lion and the Fox. Harcourt Brace,
1970.
Dye, Thomas. Politics in America. New
Jersey : Prentice Hall, 1994.
Friedman, Milton & Rose. Free to Choose :
A Personal Statement. Harcourt, Brace,
Jovanovich, 1980.
Groenningy, Sven and Hawlly. To Be A
Congressman : The Promise and the
Power. Washington D.C. : Acropolis
µ÷°√—∞ ¿“ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ „π°√ÿß«Õ™‘ßµ—π ¥’.´’.
°“√»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õß∫∑·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠
¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ò¯ ·≈–¡“µ√“∑’Ë Ú˜ ·Ààß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
56
Berks Ltd., 1975.
Harrigan, John. Politics and American
Future. Boston : McGraw-Hill, 1996.
Paul Johnson, A History of the American
People. New York : Harper Perennial,
1998.
Parrington, Vernon L. Main Currents in
American Thought. Harcourt, Brace
and World, 1927.
Riley, J.J. A History of the American
Soft-Drinks Industry, 1807-1957.
New York : W.W. Norton & Company,
Inc., 1972.
Watters, Pat. Coca-Cola : an Illustrated
History. New York : Charles Scribnerûs
Sons, 1978.
Wilson, James. American Government.
Toronto : D.C. Health and Co., 1994.
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

Abstract A Comparative Contextual Study of the 18th and 27th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution
Kovit Wongsurawat
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Royal Institute, Thailand

In researching any social phenomenon, context is an issue which must be considered

very seriously. Context refers to the whole environment at any particular moment. Context is
a combination of material, cultural and psychological systems and factors which work together
in mutual dependence, like the hardware and software in a computer.
A comparative study of the story of the 18th and 27th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution
reveals different contexts in the American nation during two overlapping periods. From the time
it was first conceived to the day it was finally repealed, the story of the 18th Amendment was
relatively brief - only 30 years altogether. By contrast, what eventually became the 27th Amend-
ment, though it was first proposed over 200 years ago, was adopted only in 1992.
The stories of these amendments show that a context must exist in order for a particular
social phenomenon to flourish. But history never repeats itself, as the old saying goes: one
cannot jump into the same river twice.
The anti-liquor campaign reached its height with the arrival of Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola,
which offered alternatives to alcoholic drinks. The two soft-drink companies lent great support
to the movement to ban alcohol, hoping that their own markets would expand as a result.
The case of the 27th Amendment, regarding the rule for raising the salaries of members
of Congress, was quite different, since the chances of its final passage were greatly improved
by the efforts of a single, very determined citizen.

Key words: context, Amendment, the U.S. constitution

‚°«‘∑ «ß»å ÿ√«—≤πå
57
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫„π —ߧ¡  ‘«≈’ »‘√‘‰≈

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–
ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ : ∑√√»π–∑“ߪ√—™≠“ °“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

·≈–∫∑«‘æ“°…凙‘ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å *

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫À√◊Õ°“√¥◊ÈÕ·æàß (civil disobedience) ‡ªìπ·π«§«“¡§‘¥·≈–ª√“°Ø°“√≥å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ
„π —ߧ¡ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬µ—Èß·µà ¡—¬°√’°‚∫√“≥ ®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬¢Õß°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫§◊Õ°“√ªØ‘‡ ∏°ÆÀ¡“¬
·≈–π‚¬∫“¬¢Õß√—∞∑’Ë¢“¥§«“¡™Õ∫∏√√¡·≈–‰¡à‡ªìπ‰ª‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå ÿ¢¢Õß —ߧ¡ ∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ°“√≈¥∑Õπ
»—°¥‘Ï»√’¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å π—°ª√—™≠“ΩÉ“¬Àπ÷Ëß¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“ °“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫‡ªìπ ‘∑∏‘∑“ß»’≈∏√√¡
(moral right) ∑’ˇªìπ∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å‰¡à„™à ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë —ߧ¡¡Õ∫„Àâ ·µà¡’¢âÕ®”°—¥«à“°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫
µâÕߪ√“»®“°§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß·≈–ºŸâ°√–∑”µâÕßæ√âÕ¡√—∫º≈∑’˵“¡¡“ π—°ª√—™≠“Õ’°ΩÉ“¬Àπ÷Ëß¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“
ç„π —ߧ¡ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬¡’À≈—°π‘µ‘∏√√¡·≈–°ÆÀ¡“¬µà“ßÊ ‡ªìπÀ≈—° ®÷ß∂◊Õ‡ªìπ‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢¢âÕºŸ°æ—π∑“ß»’≈∏√√¡
(moral obligation) ∑’Ë∫ÿ§§≈„π —ߧ¡µâÕ߇§“√æ°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ‰¡à„À⠗ߧ¡‡°‘¥§«“¡ —∫ π«ÿà𫓬·≈–Õ“®
𔉪 Ÿà°“√°∫ØÀ√◊ժؑ«—µ‘√—∞ª√–À“√é

§” ”§—≠ : °“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫, ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬,  ‘∑∏‘, °ÆÀ¡“¬

§«“¡π” ∫√‘À“√ª°§√Õß·≈–‡ªìπ ‘ßË ∑’ªË √–™“™π ¢— ¥ ¢◊ π Õ¬à “ ß ß∫§«√‡ªì 𠉪„π

°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫À√◊Õ°“√¥◊ÕÈ
·æàß (civil disobedience) ‡ªìπª√“°Ø-
°“√≥å∑“ß —ߧ¡·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡
‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π µ—È ß ·µà   ¡— ¬ °√’ ° ‚∫√“≥·≈–
‡ªìπª√–‡¥Áπ∑’Ëπ—°ª√—™≠“‚µâ·¬âß°—π
¡“µ≈Õ¥∑ÿ°¬ÿ§∑ÿ° ¡—¬„π¢Õ∫¢à“¬
¢Õߪ√—™≠“°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈–®√‘¬»“ µ√å
 —ߧ¡ (social ethics) ª√–‡¥Á𠔧—≠
¢Õß°“√‚µâ·¬âßÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë«à“„π —ߧ¡ª√–-
™“∏‘ª‰µ¬´÷Ëß¡’À≈—°π‘µ‘∏√√¡ ¡’°Æ
À¡“¬µà“ß Ê ‡ªìπÀ≈—° ”§—≠„π°“√
æ÷ß„À⧫“¡‡§“√懙◊ËÕøíߪؑ∫—µ‘µ“¡
‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå ÿ¢¢Õß —ߧ¡‚¥¬√«¡
‡æ◊Ë Õ «‘ ∂’ ™’ «‘ µ ∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà ¥’ ¡’  ÿ ¢ ¢Õß∫ÿ § §≈
°“√∑’Ë ∫ÿ § §≈„¥∫ÿ § §≈Àπ÷Ë ß À√◊ Õ °≈ÿà ¡
„¥°≈ÿà ¡ Àπ÷Ë ß ªØ‘ ‡  ∏∑’Ë ® –ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡
°ÆÀ¡“¬¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈«à“°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¡à
‰¥â π”¡“´÷Ë ß §«“¡¬ÿ µ‘ ∏ √√¡„π — ß §¡
°“√∫—ߧ— ∫ „™â°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¡à ‰¥â‡ªì π‰ª
Õ¬à “ ߬ÿ µ‘ ∏ √√¡·≈–™Õ∫∏√√¡‡ªì π
 ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ‡ À¡“– ¡§«√°√–∑”À√◊ Õ ‰¡à
(justified) «‘∏’°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß°“√
≈—°…≥–„¥ °“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫∂◊Õ
‡ªìπ°“√°∫Ø (rebellion) ·≈–𔉪
 Ÿà°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘À√◊Õ‰¡à (revolution)Ò
°“√‚µâ·¬â߇√◊ËÕßπ’ȵ“¡∑√√»π–
¢Õßπ— ° ª√— ™ ≠“‡√‘Ë ¡ ®“°°“√æŸ ¥ ∂÷ ß
∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å °“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¢Õß
 —ߧ¡¡πÿ…¬å Õ”π“®Õ∏‘ª‰µ¬„π°“√
∫√‘À“√ª°§√Õß °ÆÀ¡“¬·≈–§«“¡
¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡ ∫∑§«“¡π’È¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å∑’Ë
®–𔇠πÕ∑√√»π–¢Õßπ—°ª√—™≠“
„π·µà ≈ –¬ÿ §  ¡— ¬ ∑’Ë ° ≈à “ «∂÷ ß ª√–‡¥Á π

* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ˆ ∏—𫓧¡ æ.». ÚıÙ˘

°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫„π —ߧ¡ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ :
∑√√»π–∑“ߪ√—™≠“·≈–∫∑«‘æ“°…凙‘ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å
58

‡À≈à“π’ÈæÕ —߇¢ª ‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–«‘æ“°…å
‡™‘ ß ®√‘ ¬ »“ µ√å «à “ „π — ß §¡ª√–™“-
∏‘ª‰µ¬ªí®®ÿ∫—π°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫
‡ªìπª√“°Ø°“√≥å∑’Ë™Õ∫¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈
·≈– ¡§«√°√–∑”À√◊ Õ ‰¡à ¥â « ¬«‘ ∏’
°“√Õ¬à“߉√
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß
 ß∫·≈–√Ÿª·∫∫°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘
°“√¢— ¥ ¢◊ π Õ¬à “ ß ß∫À¡“¬∂÷ ß
°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°Õ¬à“߇ªî¥‡º¬∑’Ë®–‰¡à
ªØ‘∫µ— µ‘ “¡°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’∫Ë §ÿ §≈À√◊Õ°≈ÿ¡à
∫ÿ§§≈¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“°ÆÀ¡“¬¥—ß°≈à“«
¢—¥µàÕÀ≈—°»’≈∏√√¡ (immoral) À√◊Õ
‰¡à ™ Õ∫∏√√¡µ“¡À≈— ° √— ∞ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠
(unconstitutional)Ú À—«„® ”§—≠¢Õß
°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫§◊Õ°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°
∑’Ë ‰ ¡à „ ™â «‘ ∏’ √ÿ π ·√ß∑’Ë ‡ ªì π Õ— π µ√“¬µà Õ
™’ «‘ µ ·≈–∑√— æ ¬å  ‘ π ¢Õß∫ÿ § §≈ ‡™à π
„™â«‘∏’°“√π—Ëߪ√–∑â«ß °“√Õ¥Õ“À“√
°“√‡¥‘π¢∫«πÕ¬à“ß ß∫ °“√ªØ‘‡ ∏
∑’®Ë –®à“¬¿“…’À√◊ժؑ∫µ— µ‘ “¡°ÆÀ¡“¬
∫“߇√◊ËÕß∑’˵π‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬ °“√„™â«‘∏’
°“√∑’Ë ‡ ªì 𠧫“¡√ÿ π ·√ß∑ÿ ° √Ÿ ª ·∫∫
‰¡à∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫
®“°Õ¥’µ∑’˺à“π¡“∑√√»π–·≈–
°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢ÕߺŸâ ∑’Ë ¥”‡π‘ π °“√
¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫·∫àßÕÕ°‰¥â‡ªìπ Ù
°≈ÿà¡ ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È Û
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ò ºŸâ∑’ˉ¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬°—∫
°ÆÀ¡“¬∫“߇√◊ËÕߢÕß —ߧ¡·≈–‰¡à
¬Õ¡√—∫ ·µà°Á¡’§«“¡§‘¥«à“∂÷ß·¡âµπ
®–‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬À√◊Õ‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫ °Á¬Õ¡
√—∫«à“‡ªìπ°“√µ—¥ ‘π¢Õ߇ ’¬ß¢â“ß¡“°
´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ≈— ° …≥–¢Õߪ√–™“∏‘ ª ‰µ¬
ºŸâ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π°≈ÿà¡π’ȇ≈◊Õ°∑’Ë®–ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡
‡ªìπæ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’ ‡§“√æ·≈–ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡
 ‘«≈’ »‘√‰‘ ≈
°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·µà°ÁÕ“®«‘æ“°…å«‘®“√≥å
„π‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë µ π‰¡à ‡ ÀÁ π ¥â « ¬‡æ√“–∂◊ Õ
‡ªì π  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ‡  √’ ¿ “æ∑“ߧ«“¡§‘ ¥ ‡ÀÁ π
„π —ߧ¡ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ú ºŸâ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π°≈ÿà¡π’ȧ≈⓬
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ò §◊Õ¬—ߧ߇§“√æªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡
°ÆÀ¡“¬ ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á¥”‡π‘π°“√
‡√’¬°√âÕß· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ„Àâ¡’°“√
·°â‰¢°ÆÀ¡“¬¥â«¬«‘∏°’ “√µà“ß Ê ‡™àπ
°“√· ¥ßª“∞°∂“ °“√‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡
≈ßÀπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå °“√ π∑π“ºà“π∑“ß
√“¬°“√‚∑√∑—»πå °“√‡ πÕ§«“¡§‘¥
‡ÀÁ π µà Õ  ¡“™‘ °  ¿“ºŸâ · ∑π√“…Æ√
‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥º≈µàÕ°“√°√–µÿâ𧫓¡§‘¥
‡ÀÁπ¢Õߪ√–™“™π„π —ߧ¡ ∫ÿ§§≈
„π°≈ÿà¡π’Ȭ—ߧߡ’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“ ∂÷ß·¡â
°ÆÀ¡“¬∫“߇√◊ËÕßÕ“®‰¡à‡ªìπ∏√√¡
·≈–µπ‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬ ·µà°“√ªØ‘‡ ∏‰¡à
¬Õ¡ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ“®π”º≈
‡ ’¬°√–∑∫µàÕ —ߧ¡‚¥¬√«¡¡“°°«à“
º≈¥’ „π ¡—¬°√’°‚∫√“≥‚ °√“µ’  ‡ÀÁπ«à“ ç°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫‡ªìπ ‘∑∏‘
(Socrates) π—°ª√—™≠“§π ”§—≠ºŸâ‡ªìπ
Õ“®“√¬å¢Õ߇æ≈‚µ (Plato) ¡’§«“¡§‘¥
¥—ß°≈à“«π’È·≈–¬Õ¡√—∫§«“¡µ“¬®“°
‚∑…ª√–À“√™’ «‘ µ ·∑π°“√À≈∫Àπ’
µ“¡§”¢Õ√â Õ ß¢Õß∫√√¥“»‘ … ¬å · ≈–
¡‘µ√ À“¬
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Û ‡ªìπºŸâ∑’Ë· ¥ß∑à“∑’
¢Õß°“√‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬°—∫°ÆÀ¡“¬∫“ß
‡√◊ËÕß·≈–ªØ‘‡ ∏∑’Ë®–ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡Õ¬à“ß
‡ªî¥‡º¬ ‚¥¬· ¥ß‡Àµÿº≈Õ¬à“ß™—¥
‡®π¢Õߧ«“¡§‘¥·≈–°“√°√–∑”√«¡
∂÷ßæ√âÕ¡∑’Ë®–√—∫º≈∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπµ“¡¡“
∑ÿ°√Ÿª·∫∫¥â«¬§«“¡ ß∫ ‡™àπ „π
 ¡— ¬ °≈“ßµÕπµâ π ºŸâ π— ∫ ∂◊ Õ »“ π“
§√‘ µå®”π«πÀπ÷Ë߬ա‡ ’¬™’«‘µ‡ªìπ
¡√≥ — ° ¢’ (martyrs) ‡æ◊Ëժؑ‡ ∏∑’Ë
59
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
®–ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡°ÆÀ¡“¬‚√¡— π ∑’Ë ∫’ ∫
∫—ߧ—∫‡√◊ËÕß»“ π“ °“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß
°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈‡À≈à“π’È
¡’§«“¡°≈â“À“≠¡—πË „® ¡’§«“¡»√—∑∏“
 Ÿß·≈–‡™◊ËÕ«à“ºŸâ∫√‘À“√À√◊ÕºŸâª°§√Õß
ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë°√–∑”º‘¥µàÕ‡æ◊ËÕπ¡πÿ…¬å
‡ªì π °“√°√–∑”º‘ ¥ µà Õ æ√–‡ªì π ‡®â “
¬àÕ¡®–µâÕß∂Ÿ°≈ß‚∑…Ù „π ¡—¬µàÕ¡“
¡À“µ¡“ §“π∏’ (Mahatama Gandhi)
·≈–¡“√åµπ‘ ≈Ÿ‡∑Õ√å §‘ß (Martin Luther
King Jr.) · ¥ßÕÕ°∂÷ß°“√¢—¥¢◊π
Õ¬à“ß ß∫ªØ‘‡ ∏°ÆÀ¡“¬∫“߇√◊ËÕß
¢ÕßÕ—ß°ƒ…·≈–¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°“„π¢≥–
π—Èπ ®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬¢Õß°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß
 ß∫§◊Õ°“√µàÕµâ“π ç ‘Ëß∑’ˇªì𧫓¡
™—Ë«√â“¬é  ”À√—∫¡πÿ…¬å ‰¥â·°à °“√
∫’∫∫—ߧ—∫‡√◊ËÕß°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ °“√
‡°Á∫¿“…’∑’ˉ¡à‡ªìπ∏√√¡ °“√ÕÕ°°Æ
À¡“¬∑’ˇªìπ°“√·∫àß·¬°·≈–°’¥°—Èπ
‡ √’¿“æ ¡À“µ¡“ §“π∏’ „À⧫“¡
∑’Ë·ΩßÕ¬Ÿà„π∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õߪ√–™“™π
∂⓪√“»®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘¥—ß°≈à“«π’È·≈â«
§«“¡‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å°Á®–¥âÕ¬§ÿ≥§à“≈ßé
ª√–™“™π·µà≈–§π¡’ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–ªØ‘‡ ∏
(to say no) ·≈–‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ‡¡◊ËÕ√—∞∫“≈
°√–∑”„π ‘Ëß∑’ˉ¡à™Õ∫∏√√¡ À√◊Õ≈¥
∑Õπ§ÿ ≥ §à “ »— ° ¥‘Ï » √’ ¢ Õߧ«“¡‡ªì π
¡πÿ … ¬å µ“¡∑√√»π–¢Õß¡À“µ¡“
§“π∏’ °“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫‡ªìπ ‘∑∏‘
∑“ß»’ ≈ ∏√√¡ (moral right) ∑’Ë æ÷ ß
°√–∑”ı «‘∏’°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß°“√
¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫µ“¡√Ÿª·∫∫°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Û
™à « ¬°√–µÿâ 𠧫“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° ‚¥¬√«¡¢Õß
ª√–™“™π„π —ߧ¡‡ªìπ°“√‡√’¬°√âÕß
„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ æ≈— ß °“√µà Õ µâ “ π𔉪 Ÿà ° “√
·°â‰¢°ÆÀ¡“¬µ“¡§«“¡ª√– ß§å
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ù °“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß
°≈ÿà¡π’È·µ°µà“߉ª®“° Û °≈ÿà¡·√°
∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“ ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ√Ÿª
·∫∫®“°°“√¢— ¥ ¢◊ π Õ¬à “ ß ß∫‡ªì π
°“√„™â«‘∏’√ÿπ·√߇æ◊ËÕµàÕµâ“π°ÆÀ¡“¬
À√◊Õ‚§√ß°“√¢Õß√—∞∫“≈∑’˵π‰¡à‡ÀÁπ
¥â«¬ «‘∏’°“√‡™àππ’È𔉪 Ÿà°“√‡º™‘≠
Àπâ “ √–À«à “ ßΩÉ “ ¬ª√–∑â « ßÀ√◊ Õ ΩÉ “ ¬
¢—¥¢◊π°—∫ΩÉ“¬√—∞∫“≈√«¡‰ª∂÷ß°“√
¢¬“¬«ß‰ª Ÿà°“√‡ªìπ»—µ√Ÿ°—π√–À«à“ß
ΩÉ “ ¬ª√–∑â « ß°— ∫ ΩÉ “ ¬∑’Ë   π— ∫  πÿ π
√—∞∫“≈´÷Ë߇ªìπª√“°Ø°“√≥å¢Õß°“√
·∫àßæ«° °“√¢“¥§«“¡ ¡“π©—π∑å
„π —ߧ¡·≈–Õ“®‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ
√—∞∫“≈‰¡àÕ“®Õ¥∑π π‘Ë߇©¬ ®”‡ªìπ
µâÕßµ—¥ ‘π„®¥”‡π‘π°“√∫“ߪ√–°“√
‡æ◊ÕË ªÑÕß°—πÕ—πµ√“¬∑’®Ë –‡°‘¥·°à ß— §¡
π—°ª√—™≠“°“√‡¡◊Õß∫“ß§π¡’§«“¡
‡ÀÁπ«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ„¥∑’Ë°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫
·ª√‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ°“√„™â§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß
°Á∂◊Õ‡ªìπ®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¢Õß°∫Ø·≈–π”
‰ª Ÿà°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘√—∞ª√–À“√‡æ◊ËÕ‡ª≈’ˬπ
Õ”π“®°“√ª°§√Õß ·µàπ—°ª√—™≠“
°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß·≈–π— ° ®√‘ ¬ »“ µ√å  — ß §¡
∫“ߧπ‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬°—∫¢âÕÕâ“ߥ—ß°≈à“«
π’È ‚ ¥¬„Àâ ‡ Àµÿ º ≈«à “ °“√π”‡Õ“‡Àµÿ
°“√≥å ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ „πÕ¥’ µ ¡“°≈à “ «Õâ “ ß
 π—∫ πÿπÀ√◊Õ§—¥§â“π°“√°√–∑”„π
ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ‰¡à „ ™à  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ‡ À¡“– ¡ ‡æ√“–
 ¿“æ¢Õß —ߧ¡  ∂“π°“√≥å„πÕ¥’µ
°—∫ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—𠇙àπ
∫“ß — ß §¡∑’Ë ª °§√Õߥ⠫ ¬√–∫Õ∫
 ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥“≠“ ‘ ∑ ∏‘ √ “™¬å °Á ¬à Õ ¡‰¡à ¡’
* »—æ∑å√—∞»“ µ√å Õ—ß°ƒ…-‰∑¬ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“ ∑√√“™
Õ”π“®·°â‰¢°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’ˉ¡à‡ªìπ∏√√¡
‰¥â¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫ °“√
ª√–∑â«ß‡√’¬°√âÕߥ⫬«‘∏’°“√∑’Ë√ÿπ·√ß
®÷߇ªìπ«‘∏’‡¥’¬«∑’Ë°√–∑”‰¥â
∑√√»π–·≈–«‘ ∏’ ° “√¢Õß°≈ÿà ¡
∑’Ë Ù Õ¬ŸàπÕ°¢Õ∫¢à“¬¢Õß°“√¢—¥¢◊π
Õ¬à “ ß ß∫ ·µà °Á ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ª√–‡¥Á π
°“√‚µâ·¬âßµàÕ‰ª«à“ °“√°∫Ø°Á¥’ °“√
ªØ‘«—µ‘√—∞ª√–À“√°Á¥’ ∂Ⓡ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°
§«“¡¡ÿßà À¡“¬‡æ◊ÕË ‡√’¬°√âÕߧ«“¡‡ªìπ
∏√√¡ §«“¡Õ¬Ÿà¥’¡’ ÿ¢¢Õß —ߧ¡®–
∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡§«√°√–∑”
À√◊Õ‰¡à ·≈–Õ–‰√§◊Õ‡Àµÿº≈ ”§—≠∑’Ë
√Õß√—∫°“√°√–∑” °“√æ‘®“√≥“‡√◊ËÕß
¥—ß°≈à“«π’È®”‡ªìπµâÕß»÷°…“∑√√»π–
¢â Õ ‚µâ · ¬â ß ¢Õßπ— ° ª√— ™ ≠“°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß
π—°®√‘¬»“ µ√堗ߧ¡·≈–‡Àµÿ°“√≥å
∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πÕ¥’µ¡“‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫
∑√√»π–¢Õßπ— ° ª√— ™ ≠“°√’ °
‚∫√“≥
 —ߧ¡°√’°‚∫√“≥ª√–¡“≥ ı
ªï °à Õ π§√‘   µå »— ° √“™ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬
π§√√—∞ (city-states) µà“ß Ê ∑’‡Ë ªìπÕ‘ √–
¡’√–∫∫°ÆÀ¡“¬ °“√ª°§√Õß ·≈–
√–∫∫‡»√…∞°‘®‡ªìπ¢Õßµπ‡Õß‚¥¬
¡’ «— ≤ π∏√√¡°√’ ° ‡ªì π ·°πæ◊È π ∞“π
π§√√—∞‡À≈à“π’È∑’Ë ”§—≠‰¥â·°à ∑’∫’  ºŸâÀ≠‘ß·≈–∑“   ¿“¡’Àπâ“∑’˵—¥ ‘π
(Thebes) °Õ√‘π∑å (Gorinth) Õ“°Õ  „®‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë  ”§— ≠ ‚¥¬§«“¡‡ÀÁ π ™Õ∫
(Argos)  ª“√嵓 (Sparta) ·≈–‡Õ‡∏π å
(Athens) ®“°∫— π ∑÷ ° ∑“ߪ√–«— µ‘ -
»“ µ√å  ª“√嵓‡ªìππ§√√—∞∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
 ”§—≠∑“ß°“√∑À“√ ¢≥–∑’ˇՇ∏π å
60
‡ªìππ§√√—∞∑’ˇ®√‘≠√ÿà߇√◊Õ߇ªìπ∫àÕ‡°‘¥
¢Õߧ«“¡√Ÿâ·≈–°“√ª°§√Õß√–∫Õ∫
ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ˆ
°à Õ π∑’Ë ° “√ª°§√Õß√–∫Õ∫
ª√–™“∏‘ ª ‰µ¬®–‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‡Õ‡∏π å
ª°§√Õß‚¥¬∫√√¥“ºŸâª°§√Õß∑’ˉ¡à„™à
°…—µ√‘¬å ·µà‰¥âÕ”π“®¡“¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√
„¥«‘∏°’ “√Àπ÷ßË ™“«°√’°‡√’¬°ºŸªâ °§√Õß
‡À≈à“π’«È “à çtyrantsé* ´÷ßË µà“ß®“°§«“¡
À¡“¬µ“¡∑’Ë„™â„πªí®®ÿ∫—π „π ¡—¬π—Èπ
§”«à“ tyrants À¡“¬∂÷ß ‡®â“π“¬À√◊Õ
À—«Àπâ“ (boss or chief) ´÷ËßÕ“®¡’∑—Èß
§π∑’Ë¥’·≈–‰¡à¥’ °ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπ
À≈—°„π°“√ª°§√Õß ‰¥â·°à °ÆÀ¡“¬
¢Õß‚´≈Õπ (Solonûs constitution)
µàÕ¡“∫√√¥“ºŸâª°§√Õ߇À≈à“π’È
‡°‘¥∑–‡≈“–«‘«“∑·≈–¶à“°—π‡Õß ∑”
„Àâ∫√√¥“¢ÿππ“ß (aristocrats) ‡ª≈’ˬπ
√–∫∫°“√∫√‘ À “√ª°§√Õß‚¥¬„Àâ
ª√–™“™π‡¢â“¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑·≈–¡’ à«π
√à«¡„π°“√ª°§√Õß ∑”„À₧√ß √â“ß
¢Õß°“√∫√‘ À “√ª°§√Õߪ√–°Õ∫
¥â«¬ ¿“ (a council) ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫
¥â«¬∫√√¥“¢ÿππ“ß∑’ˉ¥â™◊ËÕ«à“ ç‡ªìπ
ºŸâ∑’Ë¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥é (the best men) ·≈–√—∞-
 ¿“ (the assembly) ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
ª√–™“™π™“«°√’°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’ˉ¡à√«¡
¢Õß√—∞ ¿“ ¥â«¬‡Àµÿ∑’˪√–™“™π°√’°
¢≥–π—È π¡’®”π«π‰¡à¡“° °“√ÕÕ°
‡ ’ ¬ ß√— ∫ √Õß≈ß¡µ‘ ®÷ ß °√–∑”‚¥¬
ª√–™“™πºŸâ‡ªì π ¡“™‘°¢Õß√—∞  ¿“
°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫„π —ߧ¡ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ :
∑√√»π–∑“ߪ√—™≠“·≈–∫∑«‘æ“°…凙‘ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å

‚¥¬µ√ß √–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬¢Õß
‡Õ‡∏π å®÷߇ªìπ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬
‚¥¬µ√ß (direct democracy) ‰¡àµâÕß
ºà“π ¡“™‘° ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√˜
«‘∂’™’«‘µ∑“ß —ߧ¡·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß
¢Õß™“«°√’°¥”√ß™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà„ππ§√√—∞
‡æ◊ËÕ°“√¡’™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’·≈–‡ªìπ√–∫∫¿“¬
„µâ§«“¡§ÿ⡧√ÕߢÕß°ÆÀ¡“¬ π—°
ª√—™≠“°√’°„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠·°à‡√◊ËÕß
∏√√¡™“µ‘ ¢ Õß¡πÿ … ¬å ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π  ‘Ë ß ¡’
¿“«–∑’Ë ¡’ ‡ Àµÿ º ≈·≈–¡’ § «“¡ ¡¥ÿ ≈
∑—Èߥâ“πªí≠≠“ √à“ß°“¬ ·≈–Õ“√¡≥å
‡™à π ª√— ™ ≠“¢Õ߇æ≈‚µ∑’Ë ∂◊ Õ «à “
¡πÿ…¬å·µà≈–§π¥”√ß™’«‘µÕ¬à“ß¡’®ÿ¥
¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬ ·≈–Àπâ“∑’˺Ÿâ∑’˪√– ∫§«“¡
 ”‡√Á®„π™’«‘µ§◊ÕºŸâ∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õßµπ
Õ¬à“ß∫√√≈ÿº≈∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß∫ÿ§≈‘°-
¿“æ¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡ (moral character)
∫ÿ § §≈ºŸâ ¡’ §ÿ ≥ ∏√√¡§◊ Õ ºŸâ ∑’Ë ª √–°Õ∫
¥â«¬§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–¥’ß“¡ Ù ª√–°“√ ∑’Ë
‡√’¬°«à“§ÿ≥∏√√¡À≈—° ‰¥â·°à ªí≠≠“
(wise) °“√√Ÿâ®—°ª√–¡“≥ (temperate)
§«“¡°≈â“À“≠ (courage) ·≈–§«“¡
‡ªìπ∏√√¡ (just) ∫ÿ§§≈ºŸâ¡’§«“¡°≈¡
°≈◊ π ∑—È ß ™’ «‘ µ ¿“¬„π ·≈–¿“¬πÕ°
∑’Ë¡’√–‡∫’¬∫°Æ‡°≥±å ‡§“√懙◊ËÕøíß
°ÆÀ¡“¬ ºŸâª°§√Õß√—∞ ´÷Ëß®–∑”„Àâ
‡°‘¥§«“¡ ß∫ ÿ¢·≈–ª√—∫µ—«‰¥âµ“¡
∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ¯
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ „π‡√◊ÕË ß¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈
ºŸâ¡’§ÿ≥∏√√¡·≈–°“√¥”√ß™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’„π
 —ߧ¡ π—°ª√—™≠“°√’°‰¡à‰¥â‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬
°—∫§«“¡§‘¥¢Õ߇æ≈‚µ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–‡√◊ËÕߢÕß°ÆÀ¡“¬·≈–§«“¡
¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡ µ—«∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˬÿµ‘∏√√¡°—∫º≈
 ‘«≈’ »‘√‰‘ ≈
µ“¡¡“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ ‡™àπ §≈Õ§Õπ (Glau-
con) ºŸâ‡ªìπ≠“µ‘¢Õ߇æ≈‚µ‡™◊ËÕ«à“
§«“¡‰¡à¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡π”º≈ª√–‚¬™πå„Àâ
¡“°°«à“§«“¡¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡ (injustice is
more profitable than justice) ·≈–
∫“ߧ√—È ß °Á ™à « ¬„Àâ √ Õ¥æâ π ®“°°“√
µ√«® Õ∫ §≈Õ§Õπ°≈à“«∂÷߇√◊ËÕßπ’È
¥â«¬°“√‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß·À«π∑’Ë¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß
°’°‘  (Gyges ring) ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ
ºŸâ Õ◊Ë π ¡Õ߇ÀÁ π À√◊ Õ ‰¡à ‡ ÀÁ π µ— « ‡¢“‰¥â
‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡¢“À¡ÿ π ·À«π∫ππ‘È « ¢Õßµπ
°’ °’   Õ“»— ¬ §ÿ ≥  ¡∫— µ‘ ¢ Õß·À«π¥— ß
°≈à“«· «ßÀ“º≈ª√–‚¬™πå„Àâ·°àµπ
‡Õßµ“¡ª√“√∂π“ ¥â«¬°“√‡ªìπ™Ÿâ°—∫
√“™‘π’¢Õß·§«âπ‰≈‡¥’¬ ª≈ßæ√–™π¡å
æ√–√“™“™à«ß™‘ß∫—≈≈—ß°å §≈Õ§Õπ
 √ÿª«à“∂ⓧπ Ú §π §πÀπ÷Ë߉¥â™◊ËÕ«à“
‡ªìπºŸâ¡’§«“¡¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡ Õ’°§πÀπ÷Ëß
‰¥â™◊ËÕ«à“‡ªìπºŸâ‰¡à¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡ ∑—Èß Ú §π
¡’ · À«π∑’Ë ¡’ ƒ ∑∏‘Ï   “¡“√∂∫— 𠥓≈ ‘Ë ß
∑’˵πª√“√∂𓉥â∑ÿ°ª√–°“√ §π∑—Èß
 Õßπ’È®–¡’°“√°√–∑”∑’ˉ¡àµà“ß°—π§◊Õ
‡æ◊ËÕº≈ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õßµπ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷ß
‡ªìπ¢âÕ¬◊π¬—π‰¥â«à“°“√∑’Ë∫ÿ§§≈„¥‰¥â
™◊ËÕ«à“¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡‰¡à„™à‡æ√“–«à“∫ÿ§§≈
π—Èπµ√–Àπ—°«à“§«“¡¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡‡ªìπ ‘Ëß
∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“„πµ—«‡Õß ·µà‡ªìπ‡æ√“–
 ¿“槫“¡®”‡ªìπ∫—ߧ—∫ ‡¡◊ËÕ„¥∑’Ë
∫ÿ § §≈√Ÿâ «à “ ®–‡ªì π °“√ª≈Õ¥¿— ¬ °«à “
∂ⓇªìπºŸâ‰¡à¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡°Á®–ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡
‡ªìπºŸ‰â ¡à¬µÿ ∏‘ √√¡˘ §«“¡§‘¥¢Õߧ≈Õ-
§Õπ· ¥ß„Àâ ‡ ÀÁ π ∂÷ ß °“√„Àâ §ÿ ≥ §à “
·°à°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ¢Õß°“√
· «ßÀ“º≈ª√–‚¬™πå∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß
·≈–∑“߇»√…∞°‘® ºŸâ∑’˪ؑ∫—µ‘µπ‡ªìπ
61
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
§π¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡¡—°®–‡ªìπºŸâ∑’ˇ ’¬‡ª√’¬∫
·≈– Ÿ≠‡ ’¬º≈ª√–‚¬™πå
§«“¡§‘ ¥ ¢Õߧ≈Õ§Õπ Õ¥
§≈â Õ ß°— ∫ §«“¡§‘ ¥ ¢Õßπ— ° ª√“™≠å
°√’°∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ ‚´øî µå (the sophist)
∑’Ë ¡’ ∑ √√»π–ªØ‘ ‡  ∏ — ß §¡ §”«à “
ç‚´øî µåé ·ª≈«à“ºŸâ¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ ‚´øî µå
¥”√ß™’ «‘ µ ¥â « ¬°“√ ÕπÀπ— ß  ◊ Õ ‚¥¬
‡√’ ¬ °§à “ µÕ∫·∑π°“√ Õπ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π
‡Àµÿ„Àâ∂Ÿ°«‘æ“°…å«‘®“√≥宓°∫√√¥“
π—°ª√—™≠“√à«¡ ¡—¬ «‘™“∑’Ë‚´øî µå
 Õπ‰¥â·°à «“∑»‘≈ªá ¿“…“ §≥‘µ-
»“ µ√å ·≈–«‘∏’°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ‡æ◊ËÕ
„À≥â√—∫ª√–‚¬™πå¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥¡’§«“¡
 ÿ¢¢≥–∑’ˬ—ß¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà ‚´ø剡à π
„®ªí ≠ À“ª√— ™ ≠“∑’Ë ¡’ ≈— ° …≥–‡ªì π
π“¡∏√√¡À√◊Õ°“√‚µâ·¬âß∑“ߪí≠≠“
‚¥¬„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈«à“ ‡√◊ËÕߥ—ß°≈à“«‰¡à‡°‘¥
ª√–‚¬™πåÕ–‰√·°à™’«‘µ ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë‚´øî µå
„À⧫“¡ π„® §◊Õ§«“¡ “¡“√∂·≈–
§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ‚´øî µå„Àâ
§«“¡ ”§— ≠ ·°à ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß°“√»÷ ° …“·≈–
§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß°“√»÷°…“„π∞“π–∑’ˇªìπ
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¡◊ Õ · «ßÀ“§«“¡ ÿ ¢ ·≈–º≈
ª√–‚¬™πå·°à¡πÿ…¬å „π‡√◊ÕË ß¢Õß —ߧ¡
·≈–°“√ª°§√Õß‚´ø塒§«“¡‡ÀÁπ
«à “ ‡ªÑ “ À¡“¬∑ÿ ° ª√–°“√¢Õß — ß §¡
·≈–∑“ß∫√‘ À “√®— ¥ °“√‰¡à ‰ ¥â ¡’ √ “°
∞“πÀ√◊Õ∫àÕ‡°‘¥¡“®“°°Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘
(natural order) ·µà‡°‘¥®“°¢âÕ°”Àπ¥
À√◊ Õ ¢â Õ µ°≈ߢÕß¡πÿ … ¬å (conven-
tional) ´÷ËßÀ¡“¬√«¡‰ª∂÷߰Ƈ°≥±å
µà “ ß Ê „π —ߧ¡¥â«¬ ‚ª√∑“°Õ√— 
(Protagoras) ‚´øî µå§π ”§—≠ºŸâÀπ÷Ëß
°≈à“««à“ ç¡πÿ…¬å‡ªìπ¡“µ√°“√«—¥
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
∑ÿ° ‘Ëßé (man is the measure of all
thing) · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“‰¡à¡∫’ Õà ‡°‘¥À√◊Õ
√“°∞“πÕ–‰√∑’ÕË ¬Ÿ‡à Àπ◊Õ§«“¡ “¡“√∂
°“√°√–∑”¢Õß¡πÿ … ¬å Ò Œ‘ ª ªï Õ—   ¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡ (happiness, he concludes
(Hippias) ‚´øî   µå Õ’ ° ºŸâ À π÷Ë ß  Õπ
∫√√¥“»‘…¬å«à“ ç®ß∑”∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ߥ⫬
µ—«∑à“π‡Õßé (do-it-yourself)ÒÒ §«“¡
§‘ ¥ ‡™à π π’È ∑”„Àâ ‚ ´øî   µå ‰ ¡à „ Àâ § «“¡
 ”§—≠µàÕ‡√◊ÕË ß»“ π“ ¢π∫∏√√¡‡π’¬¡
ª√–‡æ≥’√«¡∂÷ß°ÆÀ¡“¬ §—≈≈‘‡§≈  ‚´ø宖‰¡à‰¥â查∂÷ß°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°
(Callicles) ‚´øî µå§π ”§—≠Õ’°ºŸÀâ π÷ßË
ªØ‘‡ ∏«à“°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¡à‡§¬∑”„À⇰‘¥
§«“¡¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡„π —ߧ¡ ·≈–‡™◊ËÕ«à“
çÕ”π“®§◊Õ§«“¡∂Ÿ°µâÕßé (might is
right) §«“¡§‘¥¥—ß°≈à“«π’πÈ ”‰ª Ÿ§à «“¡
‡ÀÁ π «à “ °ÆÀ¡“¬‡ªì 𠇧√◊Ë Õ ß¡◊ Õ ¢Õß
ºŸâ ¡’ Õ”π“®„π — ß §¡ ∑√“´’ ¡ “§—   ∑√√»π–¢Õß‚ °√“µ’  ‚ °√“-
(Thracymachus) ‡ªìπ‚´øî µå∑’Ë°≈à“«
∂÷ ß ‡√◊Ë Õ ßπ’È „ πº≈ß“π¢Õ߇æ≈‚µ™◊Ë Õ
The Republic ¬◊π¬—π«à“°ÆÀ¡“¬‡ªìπ
‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ¢ÕߺŸâ¡’Õ”π“®„π —ߧ¡ ºŸâ∑’Ë
ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡°ÆÀ¡“¬À√◊ Õ ¥”√ßµπ
‡ªì π ºŸâ ¡’ § «“¡¬ÿ µ‘ ∏ √√¡‡ªì π ºŸâ ∑’Ë ‡  ’ ¬
‡ª√’¬∫ ·¡â·µà°“√‡ ’¬¿“…’„Àâ·°à√—∞
ºŸâ∑’ˬÿµ‘∏√√¡·≈–¡’√“¬‰¥âπâÕ¬‡ªìπºŸâ∑’Ë
µâÕ߇ ’¬‡ß‘π¿“…’¡“°°«à“ºŸâ∑’ˉ¡à¬ÿµ‘-
∏√√¡ ·≈–√Ë”√«¬ ´÷Ëß°≈—∫‰¡àµâÕ߇ ’¬
¿“…’À√◊ÕÕ“®‡ ’¬¿“…’‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬
‡™à 𠇥’ ¬ «°— ∫ °√≥’ ¢ ÕߺŸâ ∑’Ë ≈— ° ∑√— æ ¬å
 ‘π à«π∫ÿ§§≈„π —ߧ¡‡¡◊ËÕ∂Ÿ°®—∫‰¥â
°Á®–∂Ÿ°µ”Àπ‘·≈–‡√’¬°¢“π«à“¢‚¡¬
À√◊ Õ ‚®√ ¢≥–∑’Ë ºŸâ ‰ ¡à ¬ÿ µ‘ ∏ √√¡·µà ¡’
Õ”π“®‚°ß∑√— æ ¬å  ‘ π ¢Õߪ√–™“™π
®πµ—«‡Õß√Ë”√«¬ ª√–™“™π°≈“¬‡ªìπ
∑“  ∫ÿ§§≈‡™àππ’È°≈—∫‰¥â√—∫°“√‡√’¬°
¢“π«à“ ºŸâ¡’∫ÿ≠∫“√¡’ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‡™àππ’È
¬àÕ¡ √ÿª‰¥â«à“ §«“¡ ÿ¢¢Õß™’«‘µ‡°‘¥
®“°§«“¡‰¡à¬µÿ ∏‘ √√¡ ‰¡à„™à®“°§«“¡
comes from injustice and not from
justice)ÒÛ
∑√√»π–¢Õߧ≈Õ§Õπ·≈–‚´-
øî µå∂◊Õ‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¢Õß°“√
‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·¡â«à“
∑’ˇªìπ°“√¢—¥¢◊π°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ¬à“ß ß∫
·µà §” Õπ¥— ß °≈à “ «°Á ¡’ º ≈µà Õ °“√
‡ª≈’¬Ë π°√–∫«π∑—»πå¢Õ߇¬“«™π°√’°
„π ¡—¬π—Èπ ·≈–‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ„Àâ‚ °√“µ’  µâÕߧ«∫§Ÿà§«“¡√Ÿâ∑’Ë¡’À≈—°°“√ (objec-
π—°ª√—™≠“‡Õ° ¡—¬π—πÈ · ¥ß∑√√»π–
‚µâ·¬â߇√◊ËÕßπ’È
µ’ ‰¥â™Õ◊Ë «à“‡ªìπ ç∫‘¥“¢Õß®√‘¬»“ µ√åé
‡æ√“–„À⧫“¡ π„®‡√◊ËÕߢÕß∏√√¡-
™“µ‘¡πÿ…¬å·≈–¡πÿ…¬å§«√ª√–惵‘
ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπÕ¬à“߉√ „π‡√◊ËÕß∏√√¡™“µ‘
¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å‚ °√“µ’ „À⧫“¡ ”§—≠
·°à ç«‘≠≠“≥é (soul) ´÷Ëß∂◊Õ‡ªìπ
∏“µÿ·∑â¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å‡ªìπ∫àÕ
‡°‘¥¢Õ߇Àµÿº≈·≈–°“√°√–∑”¢Õß
¡πÿ…¬å ∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å∑’Ë ”§—≠
§◊ Õ §«“¡‡ªì π  ‘Ë ß ¡’ ¿ “«–∑’Ë ¡’ ‡ Àµÿ º ≈
‡Àµÿº≈π”¡πÿ…¬å‰ª Ÿà§«“¡√Ÿâ∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß
‡Àµÿº≈∑”„Àâ¡πÿ…¬å “¡“√∂·¬°·¬–
∂Ÿ° º‘¥ ¥’ ™—Ë« ·≈–𔉪 Ÿà°“√°√–∑”
∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß §«“¡§‘¥∑“ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å
¢Õß‚ °√“µ’ ∑’Ë„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠‡√◊ËÕß
§«“¡√Ÿâ°—∫°“√°√–∑”∑’˵âÕߧ«∫§Ÿà°—π
(knowing and doing) ¥â « ¬‡Àµÿ π’È
‚ °√“µ’   ®÷ ß ‡™◊Ë Õ «à “ ç§ÿ ≥ ∏√√¡§◊ Õ
62
§«“¡√Ÿâé (virtue is knowledge) ´÷Ëß
À¡“¬∂÷ ß §ÿ ≥ ≈— ° …≥–∑’Ë ¥’ ¢ ÕߺŸâ ¡’
§«“¡√Ÿâ ∑’Ë ·  ¥ßÕÕ°„Àâ ‡ ÀÁ π ·≈–√— ∫ √Ÿâ
‰¥â„π™’«‘µ®√‘ß (moral character)ÒÙ
¥â « ¬‡Àµÿ ∑’Ë ‡ Àµÿ º ≈‡ªì π ∏“µÿ · ∑â
¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªìπ¡πÿ…¬å ‚ °√“µ’ ®÷ß
Õ∏‘∫“¬«à“ §«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈
(personal responsibility) ®–µâÕߧ«∫
§Ÿà°—∫°“√°√–∑” ∫ÿ§§≈‰¡à “¡“√∂
À≈’°‡≈’ˬßÀ√◊ժؑ‡ ∏‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢π’ȉ¥â ¥—ß
π—Èπ °“√∑’Ë∫ÿ§§≈®–µ—¥ ‘π„®°√–∑”
À√◊Õ‰¡à°√–∑” ‘Ëß„¥®–µâÕß„™â‡Àµÿº≈
‡ªì π æ◊È π ∞“π·≈–‡Àµÿ º ≈¥— ß °≈à “ «®–
tive) ·≈–‡ªìπ “°≈ ´÷Ëß√Ÿâ‰¥â¥â«¬ª√’™“
≠“≥ (wisdom) ∑”„À⧫“¡√Ÿ¥â ß— °≈à“«
‡ªìπ “°≈À√◊Õ∑ÿ°§π∑’ˇ¢â“∂÷߉¥â  ‘Ëß
 ”§— ≠ ∑’Ë ‚  °√“µ’   ‡µ◊ Õ π§◊ Õ °“√∑’Ë
∫ÿ § §≈‡¢â “ „®º‘ ¥ ·≈–µ‘ ¥ Õ¬Ÿà ∑’Ë § «“¡√Ÿâ
®“°ª√– ∫°“√≥å ¥â “ π„¥¥â “ πÀπ÷Ë ß
∑”„À⧑¥«à“µπ¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡‡¢â“„®
„π‡√◊Ë Õ ßÕ◊Ë π ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à „ ™à § «“¡∂π— ¥ À√◊ Õ
§«“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õßµπ·≈–ÕÕ°§«“¡
‡ÀÁ π «‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å µ— ¥  ‘ π „π‡√◊Ë Õ ß
‡À≈à“π—Èπ ‚ °√“µ’ ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“ß«à“°“√
‡ªìπ™à“߉¡â∑’ˇ°à߉¡à‰¥âÀ¡“¬§«“¡«à“
®–‡°àß„π‡√◊ËÕßÕ◊Ëπ¥â«¬ À√◊Õ°“√‡ªìπ
æà Õ §â “ ∑’Ë ª √– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á ® ‰¡à ‰ ¥â
À¡“¬∂÷ ß °“√‡ªì π ºŸâ ∑’Ë ‡ À¡“– ¡„π
‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õß°“√‡¡◊ Õ ßÀ√◊ Õ °“√»÷ ° …“
¥—ßπ—Èπ ∫ÿ§§≈„¥∑’ˉ¡à¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂
§«“¡√Ÿâ„π‡√◊ËÕßÕ◊Ëπ·≈⫉ªÕÕ°§«“¡
‡ÀÁπÀ√◊Õµ—¥ ‘π„®‡√◊ËÕßπ—Èπ‡ªì𧫓¡
‰¡à√–¡—¥√–«—ß·≈–Õ—πµ√“¬ ‚ °√“µ’ 
‡√’ ¬ °°“√°√–∑”≈— ° …≥–π’È «à “ ‡ªì π
°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫„π —ߧ¡ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ :
∑√√»π–∑“ߪ√—™≠“·≈–∫∑«‘æ“°…凙‘ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å

秫“¡º‘¥æ≈“¥∑“ß»’≈∏√√¡é (moral
faults) ∫ÿ§§≈®÷ßæ÷ß· «ßÀ“§«“¡√Ÿâ
·≈–°“√„™â‡Àµÿº≈‡æ◊ËÕ¢®—¥§«“¡‰¡à√Ÿâ
¢Õßµπ (ignorance) ·≈–𔉪 Ÿà°“√
µ—¥ ‘π„®·≈–°“√°√–∑”∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß
¥â«¬‡Àµÿ∑’Ë∫ÿ§§≈·µà≈–§π‡ªìπ
ª√–™“™π¢Õß —ߧ¡ §«“¡§‘¥°“√
°√–∑”¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈¬àÕ¡ àߺ≈°√–∑∫
µàÕ —ߧ¡‚¥¬ à«π√«¡ ‚ °√“µ’ ¡’
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ«à“§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ßª≈Õ¥¿—¬∑—Èß
∑“ß»’≈∏√√¡·≈–°“√‡¡◊ÕߢÕß —ߧ¡
À√◊Õ√—∞¢÷πÈ Õ¬Ÿ°à ∫— §«“¡‡ªìπºŸ¡â »’ ≈’ ∏√√¡
¢Õߪ√–™“™π·µà≈–§π (...the moral
and political health of a society de-
pends on the moral soundness of each
individual citizen)Òı §«“¡§‘¥¢Õß
‚ °√“µ’ ‡√◊ÕË ßπ’ªÈ √“°Ø„πº≈ß“π¢Õß
‡æ≈‚µ™◊ËÕ Apology ·≈–π’˧◊Õ‡Àµÿº≈
 ”§—≠∑’‚Ë  °√“µ’ ‡∑’¬Ë «ÕÕ°‰ª π∑π“
°—∫‡¥Á°Àπÿà¡™“«‡Õ‡∏π å‡æ◊ËÕ°√–µÿâπ
§«“¡§‘¥„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’È
°“√∑’Ë∫ÿ§§≈·µà≈–§π· «ßÀ“
§«“¡√Ÿâ „ π‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õß°“√°√–∑”∑’Ë ∂Ÿ °
µâÕ߇™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß‰ª∂÷ß°“√°√–∑”∑’Ë¡ÿàß
‰ª Ÿà§«“¡¥’‚¥¬ à«π√«¡ (the com-
mon goal) ‚ °√“µ’ À¡“¬§«“¡«à“
°“√°√–∑”∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕ߉¡à®”°—¥‡©æ“–
µ—«ªí®‡®°™π‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà®–µâÕß· ¥ß
„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß°“√°√–∑”∑’Ë¡ÿà߉ª Ÿà§«“¡¥’
‚¥¬ à«π√«¡¢Õß —ߧ¡ √«¡∂÷ß°“√
«‘æ“°…å«‘®“√≥å∑“ß»’≈∏√√¡ °Á®–µâÕß
¡ÿßà ‰ª Ÿ§à «“¡¥’‚¥¬ à«π√«¡¢Õß —ߧ¡
‡™àπ°—π °“√«‘æ“°…å«‘®“√≥å®–µâÕß
§«∫§Ÿ°à ∫— °“√°√–∑”∑’·Ë  ¥ßÕÕ°Õ¬à“ß
‡ªî ¥ ‡º¬À¡“¬∂÷ ß ºŸâ «‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å
 ‘«≈’ »‘√‰‘ ≈
µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘µ“¡§«“¡§‘¥¢Õßµπ‰¡à„™à
‡æ’¬ß·µà查 ‚ °√“µ’ ‡Õß· ¥ß„Àâ
‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߧ” Õπ‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȥ⫬°“√ÕÕ°‰ª
 π∑π“·≈°‡ª≈’Ë¬π§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ·≈–
°√–µÿâπ‡¥Á°Àπÿà¡™“«‡Õ‡∏π å„Àâ‡ÀÁπ
§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õ߇√◊ËÕߧ«“¡¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡
·≈–§«“¡¥’‚¥¬ à«π√«¡¢Õ߇Շ∏π å
º≈∑’µË “¡¡“§◊Õ°“√∂Ÿ°®—∫®“°∑“ß°“√
¥â«¬¢âÕÀ“∑’Ë√ÿπ·√ß Ú ª√–°“√ §◊Õ
°“√™—°®Ÿß‡¥Á°Àπÿà¡™“«‡Õ‡∏π å„Àâ¡’
惵‘ ° √√¡µà Õ µâ “ π∑“ß°“√·≈–°“√
≈∫À≈Ÿà»“ π“¢Õß™“«‡Õ‡∏π å ´÷Ëß¡’
≈—°…≥–‡ªìπæÀÿ‡∑«π‘¬¡ ‚ °√“µ’   —ߧ¡¥â«¬ °ÆÀ¡“¬‡ªì𰵑°“ª√–-
∂Ÿ°æ‘æ“°…“„Àâ√—∫‚∑…ª√–À“√™’«‘µ
¥â«¬°“√¥◊Ë¡¬“æ‘… ∫√√¥“¡‘µ√ À“¬
·≈–»‘ … ¬å ‰ ¥â ™— ° ™«π·≈–¢Õ√â Õ ß„Àâ
‚ °√“µ’ À𒉪 ·µà‚ °√“µ’ ªØ‘‡ ∏
„πº≈ß“π¢Õ߇æ≈‚µ ™◊ÕË ‰§√‚µ (Crito)
´÷Ë߇ªìπ™◊ËÕ¢Õß¡‘µ√·≈–»‘…¬å§π π‘∑
§πÀπ÷Ë ß ¢Õß‚ °√“µ’   ‰¥â ∫— π ∑÷ ° ¢â Õ
§«“¡∑’ˉ§√‚µ·≈–‚ °√“µ’  π∑π“
‚µâµÕ∫°—𠉧√‚µÕâ“߇Àµÿº≈„Àâ‚ -
°√“µ’ ‡ÀÁπ«à“°“√∑’Ë‚ °√“µ’ ¬Õ¡√—∫
‚∑…ª√–À“√™’«‘µ·≈–∂Ÿ°§ÿ¡¢—ß√Õ«—π
ª√–À“√πÕ°®“°®–‰¡à‡ªìπ∏√√¡µàÕ
µ—«‚ °√“µ’ ‡Õß·≈â« ¬—ß¡’º≈°√–∑∫
µàÕ§√Õ∫§√—«¢Õß‚ °√“µ’  °√–∑∫
µàÕ§«“¡ª√“√∂π“¥’¢Õß¡‘µ√ À“¬
·≈–‡ªìπ°“√· ¥ß∂÷ß°“√∑’Ë‚ °√“µ’  ∑“ß»’≈∏√√¡¢Õß —ߧ¡ ‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫
‰¡à æ ¬“¬“¡√— ° …“™’ «‘ µ ¢Õßµπ‡Õß
‚ °√“µ’ ‰¡àªØ‘‡ ∏‡Àµÿº≈∑’ˉ§√‚µ
Õâ“ß·µà°Á¬—ߧ߬◊π¬—π‡®µπ“‡¥‘¡∑’Ë®–
√—∫‚∑…‚¥¬„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈«à“ ∫ÿ§§≈·µà≈–
§π„π∞“π–ª√–™“™π¢Õß — ߧ¡ ¡’
Àπâ“∑’Ë¢âÕºŸ°æ—πµàÕ —ߧ¡ Àπâ“∑’Ë·≈–
63
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
¢â Õ ºŸ ° æ— π ¥— ß °≈à “ «π’È ‡ ªì π æ— π ∏–∑“ß
»’≈∏√√¡ (moral bond) ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°
§«“¡∂Ÿ°µâÕß (right) ·≈–‡ªìπ¢âÕºŸ°æ—π
(obligations)  —ߧ¡„Àâ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¥’¡’§ÿ≥§à“
À≈“¬ª√–°“√·°à∫ÿ§§≈ ‰¥â·°à §«“¡
¡—πË §ßª≈Õ¥¿—¬ °“√»÷°…“ °“√§â“¢“¬
°“√∂à “ ¬∑Õ¥∑“ß«— ≤ π∏√√¡ ¥â « ¬
º≈ª√–‚¬™πå·≈–§«“¡¥’¥—ß°≈à“« ®÷ß
‡ªì π ‡ß◊Ë Õ π‰¢·≈–¢â Õ ºŸ ° æ— π ∑’Ë ∫ÿ § §≈
·µà≈–§π„π —ߧ¡®–µâÕ߇§“√æ°√Õ∫
°µ‘°“¢Õß —ߧ¡Òˆ °“√‡§“√æ„π∑’Ëπ’È
À¡“¬∂÷ß°“√¬Õ¡√—∫°“√µ—¥ ‘π¢Õß
°“√Àπ÷Ë ß ¢Õß — ß §¡ ‡¡◊Ë Õ °ÆÀ¡“¬
¡’§”æ‘æ“°…“µ—¥ ‘π¡“∫ÿ§§≈°ÁµâÕß
¬Õ¡√—∫ ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ√“–„π —ߧ¡‡Õ‡∏π å
´÷ßË ‡ªìπ —ߧ¡ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ °ÆÀ¡“¬
‡°‘¥®“°§«“¡‡ÀÁπ¢âÕµ°≈ß∑’ªË √–™“™π
„π — ß §¡¡’ § «“¡‡ÀÁ π ·≈–¬Õ¡√— ∫ «à “
‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß·≈–‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¥’ ‡®µ
®”πߢÕߪ√–™“™π§◊ Õ °“√«‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬
∑’Ë Ÿß ÿ¥ (ultimate judge) ‚ °√“µ’ 
°≈à“««à“µπ‡ªìπª√–™“™π¢Õ߇Շ∏π å
°ÁµÕâ ß„À⧫“¡‡§“√æµàÕ°ÆÀ¡“¬·≈–
¬Õ¡√—∫‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢¥—ß°≈à“«π’È ¡‘‡™àππ—Èπ
·≈â«°Á®–‡°‘¥º≈‡ ’¬·°à —ߧ¡‡Õ‡∏π å
¢≥–‡¥’ ¬ «°— π ‚ °√“µ’   °Á ¬◊ π ¬— π «à “
∫ÿ § §≈„¥∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ‡ ™◊Ë Õ „𧫓¡‡¢â ¡ ·¢Á ß
æ— π ∏–∑“ß»’ ≈ ∏√√¡∑’Ë µ π¡’ °— ∫  — ß §¡
‰¡à Õ “®‰¥â ™◊Ë Õ «à “ ‡ªì π ºŸâ ∑’Ë √— ∫ º‘ ¥ ™Õ∫
·≈–¿—°¥’µàÕ —ߧ¡Ò˜
‚ °√“µ’   ¬◊ π ¬— π °— ∫ ‰§√‚µ«à “
‡¡◊ËÕ∫ÿ§§≈‡º™‘≠ ∂“π°“√≥増¥·¬âß
∑“ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ (ethical dilemma) ∑’Ë
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
®–µâÕßµ—¥ ‘π„®‡≈◊Õ°°“√°√–∑” ‡™àπ
°“√∑’Ë µ π®–µâ Õ ß‡≈◊ Õ °«à “ ®–¬Õ¡√— ∫
‚∑…ª√–À“√À√◊ Õ ®–À≈∫Àπ’ °“√
‰µ√àµ√Õß (reflection) ¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈
(logos) ‡ªìπæ◊Èπ∞“π∑’Ë ”§—≠∑’Ë ÿ¥¢Õß
°“√µ—¥ ‘π„® ·≈–µπ°Á‰¥â∑”µ“¡π’È
‡Àµÿ º ≈‡ªì π ·√ß®Ÿ ß „®∑’Ë  Ÿ ß  ÿ ¥ ‰¡à „ ™à
Õ“√¡≥姫“¡√Ÿâ ÷°Ò¯ §”«à“ ‡Àµÿº≈
(logos) ∑’Ë‚ °√“µ’ „™â„𧫓¡À¡“¬
¢Õß™“«°√’°¢≥–π—Èπ‡ªìπ‡Àµÿº≈ Ÿß
 ÿ¥·≈– ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“
´÷Ëß¡πÿ…¬åµâÕß„™âªí≠≠“‰µ√àµ√Õß®÷ß
®–‡¢â“„®‰¥â °“√°√–∑”¢Õß‚ °√“µ’  ®ÿ¥¡ÿßà À¡“¬¢Õß ‘ßË µà“ß Ê ∑’ªË √“°ØÕ¬Ÿà
„π«“√– ÿ¥∑⓬∑’ˬա¥◊Ë¡¬“æ‘…µ“¡
§”µ— ¥  ‘ 𠇪ì π °“√· ¥ßÕÕ°∂÷ ß °“√
‡§“√æ°ÆÀ¡“¬ °√Õ∫¢Õß — ß §¡
‡Õ‡∏π å ·µà¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°“√¬—ߧß
¬◊ π ¬— π «‘ æ “°…å «‘ ® “√≥å ° “√ª°§√Õß
·≈–°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“¢Õß™“«‡Õ‡∏π å
· ¥ßÕÕ°∂÷ ß °“√¢— ¥ ¢◊ π Õ¬à “ ß ß∫
∂÷ß·¡â®–µâÕ߉¥â√—∫º≈√⓬∑’˵“¡¡“
∑√√»π–¢Õßπ— ° ª√— ™ ≠“ ¡— ¬
°≈“ßµÕπª≈“¬
 ¡—¬°≈“ßµÕπª≈“¬ª√–¡“≥
§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë ÒÚ-Òı ‡ªìπ™à«ß
√–¬–‡«≈“¢Õߪ√— ™ ≠“Õ—   ¡“®“√¬å
(scholastic philosophy) ∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–
 ”§—≠§◊Õ «‘∏’°“√»÷°…“°“√Õ∏‘∫“¬
Õ¬à“߇ªìπ√–∫∫ „À⧫“¡ ”§—≠·°à
‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õß¿“…“°“√„™â ‡ Àµÿ º ≈ °“√
∫Ÿ√≥“°“√‡Àµÿº≈ (reason) °—∫»√—∑∏“
(faith) „π°“√ ÕπÕ∏‘ ∫ “¬»“ π“
§√‘ µå π—°ª√—™≠“ à«π„À≠à‡ªìππ—°
∫«™¢Õß»“ π“§√‘ µå ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß
·≈–¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠§πÀπ÷Ëߧ◊Õ π—°∫ÿ≠
∑Õ¡—  Õ–‰§«π—  (St.Thomas Aquinas)
Õ–‰§«π— ‡ªìπ∫“∑À≈«ß§≥–‚¥¡‘π°‘ π—
(Dominican Order) ‰¥â™◊ËÕ«à“‡ªìπ∑—Èß
π—°‡∑««‘∑¬“·≈–π—°ª√—™≠“ „π∑“ß
ª√— ™ ≠“Õ–‰§«π—   »÷ ° …“ª√— ™ ≠“
Õ“√‘ ‚µ‡µ‘≈ ·≈–π”«‘∏°’ “√¢Õߪ√—™≠“
Õ“√‘ ‚µ‡µ‘≈¡“Õ∏‘∫“¬‡√◊ËÕß ”§—≠¢Õß
»“ π“§√‘ µå ‡™àπ °“√Õ∏‘∫“¬«‘∏’°“√
æ‘ ®Ÿ πå°“√¡’Õ¬Ÿ¢à Õßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“¥â«¬«‘∏’
Õ—πµ«‘∑¬“ (teleology) §◊Õ°“√Õâ“ß∂÷ß
 ‘Ëß∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà¡’®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬®“°
¡’Õ¬Ÿà·≈–¡πÿ…¬å√Ÿâ‰¥â¥â«¬ª√– ∫°“√≥å
𔉪 Ÿà°“√¡’Õ¬Ÿà¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“´÷Ëß
∑√߇ªìπ®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬ Ÿß ÿ¥ πÕ°®“°
π’È Õ –‰§«π—   ¬— ß ∫Ÿ √ ≥“°“√‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õß
‡Àµÿº≈·≈–§«“¡»√—∑∏“ °“√Õ∏‘∫“¬
∏√√¡™“µ‘∑’ˇªìπ√–∫∫‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß‰ª Ÿà
æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“Ò˘
„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ–‰§«π—  ‡ªì π  à « πÀπ÷Ë ß ¢Õß°Æπ‘ √— π ¥√·≈–
‰¥â™◊ËÕ«à“‡ªìπºŸâπ”§π ”§—≠¢Õß·π«
§‘¥∑’ˇªìπ√–∫∫·≈–‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫¡“
µ≈Õ¥ (classic conception of law)
§«“¡§‘ ¥ ∑’Ë  ”§— ≠ ª√–°“√·√°¢Õß
Õ–‰§«π— §◊Õ §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß
»’≈∏√√¡°—∫°ÆÀ¡“¬ »’≈∏√√¡‡ªìπ
¡“µ√∞“π∑’Ë®–µ—¥ ‘π°ÆÀ¡“¬ À¡“¬
§«“¡«à “ °ÆÀ¡“¬®–µâ Õ ß‰¥â √— ∫ °“√
ª√–‡¡‘πÀ√◊Õµ√«® Õ∫®“°∑√√»π–
∑“ß»’≈∏√√¡ ®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õ™◊ËÕ Trea-
tise on Law Õ–‰§«π— „À⧔Õ∏‘∫“¬
°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“ ç°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¡à„™à ‘ËßÕ◊Ëπ„¥
πÕ°®“°‡Àµÿ º ≈∑’Ë ‡ ªì π √–∫∫‡æ◊Ë Õ
§«“¡¥’‚¥¬ à«π√«¡ ª√–°“»„Àâ√—∫√Ÿâ
64
∑—Ë « °— π ‚¥¬ºŸâ ∑’Ë ª °§√ÕߥŸ · ≈ — ß §¡é
§«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ æ◊È π ∞“π¢ÕßÕ–‰§«π—   §◊ Õ
ºŸâ∑’Ë∫—≠≠—µ‘°ÆÀ¡“¬¡’§«“¡ª√– ß§å
„Àâ ª √–™“™πÕ¬Ÿà ¥’ ¡’  ÿ ¢ ·≈–∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘
°ÆÀ¡“¬‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡¥’‚¥¬ à«π√«¡ ¡’
ºŸâ ‚ µâ · ¬â ß §«“¡§‘ ¥ ¢ÕßÕ–‰§«π—   «à “
°“√Õ∏‘∫“¬«à“°ÆÀ¡“¬§◊Õ‡Àµÿº≈∑’Ë
‡ªìπ√–∫∫·≈–‡æ◊ÕË §«“¡¥’‚¥¬ à«π√«¡
π—È π ¥Ÿ ‡ ªì π Õÿ ¥ ¡§µ‘ ‡ °‘ 𠉪 Õ–‰§«π— 
Õ∏‘∫“¬‡√◊ËÕßπ’È‚¥¬·∫àß°ÆÀ¡“¬ÕÕ°
‡ªìπ Ù ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à Ú
Ò. °Æπ‘√—π¥√ (eternal law)
À¡“¬∂÷ߧ«“¡‡ªìπ√–‡∫’¬∫°Æ‡°≥±å
¢Õß®—°√«“≈‚¥¬Õߧå√«¡´÷Ëߪ°§√Õß
‚¥¬‡Àµÿº≈¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“ (divine
reason) æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“ºŸâ∑√߇ªìπºŸâ √â“ß
·≈–ºŸªâ °§√Õß Ÿß ÿ¥ §«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª¢Õß
®—°√«“≈·≈–∑ÿ° ‘Ë߉¡à∂Ÿ°°”Àπ¥¥â«¬
‡«≈“ ‰¡à¡’∑’Ë ‘Èπ ÿ¥®÷߇ªìπ°Æπ‘√—π¥√
Ú. °Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘ (natural law)
¡πÿ…¬å “¡“√∂‡¢â“„®‰¥â¥«â ¬‡Àµÿº≈´÷ßË
‡ªì𧫓¡ “¡“√∂摇»…¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å
·≈–°Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∑”„Àâ¡πÿ…¬å¡’®ÿ¥
¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬¢Õß™’«‘µ·≈–§«“¡ª√–惵‘
°“√°√–∑”∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ °Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘
Û ª√–°“√ ”À√—∫™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬å ‰¥â·°à
°“√√—°…“™’«‘µ °“√¥”√ß√—°…“‡ºà“
æ—π∏ÿå °“√· «ßÀ“ —®∏√√¡·≈– —ߧ¡
∑’Ë ß∫ ÿ¢ °Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘∑—Èß Û ª√–°“√
 –∑â Õ π„Àâ ‡ ÀÁ π ∂÷ ß æ√–ª√– ß§å ¢ Õß
æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“ ”À√—∫¡πÿ…¬å∑’Ëæ√–Õߧå
∑√ß √â“ß¡“
Û. °Æ¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“ (divine
law) À¡“¬∂÷ ß À≈— ° °“√∑’Ë π”¡πÿ … ¬å
°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫„π —ߧ¡ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ :
∑√√»π–∑“ߪ√—™≠“·≈–∫∑«‘æ“°…凙‘ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å

‰ª Ÿà ®ÿ ¥ ¡ÿà ß À¡“¬∑’Ë  ÿ ß  ÿ ¥ ¢Õß™’ «‘ µ
∫√√≈ÿ∂÷ߧ«“¡ ÿ¢π‘√—π¥√∑’ˇÀπ◊Õ®ÿ¥
¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬¢Õß™’«‘µ„π‚≈°π’È ´÷Ëß∂◊Õ‡ªìπ
™’«‘µ™—Ë«§√“« °Æ¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“‡ªî¥
‡º¬ Ÿà¡πÿ…¬å‚¥¬«‘«√≥å (revelation)
·≈–„πæ√–§— ¡ ¿’ √å §«“¡·µ°µà “ ß
√–À«à“ß°Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘°—∫°Æ¢Õßæ√–
‡ªìπ‡®â“§◊Õ °Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë
§«“¡√Ÿâ ‚ ¥¬‡Àµÿ º ≈·≈–ªí ≠ ≠“¢Õß
¡πÿ…¬å‡¢â“∂÷߉¥â ·≈–π”¡“§«∫§ÿ¡
Õ“√¡≥姫“¡ª√“√∂π“∑”„Àâ¡πÿ…¬å
∫√√≈ÿ ∂÷ ß ‡ªÑ “ À¡“¬‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘
¢Õßµπ ¥â « ¬°“√¡’ §ÿ ≥ ∏√√¡À≈— °
Ù ª√–°“√ ‰¥â·°à §«“¡¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡ °“√
√Ÿâ®—°ª√–¡“≥ §«“¡°≈â“À“≠ ·≈–
§«“¡√Õ∫§Õ∫  à«π°Æ¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ
‡®â “ ‡ªî ¥ ‡º¬ Ÿà ¡ πÿ … ¬å ‚ ¥¬µ√ߥ⠫ ¬
«‘«√≥å·≈–‡ªìπæ√–À√√…∑“π摇»…
 ”À√— ∫ ¡πÿ … ¬å ¡πÿ … ¬å ‰ ¡à   “¡“√∂
‡¢â “ ∂÷ ß °Æ¢Õßæ√–‡ªì π ‡®â “ ‰¥â ¥â « ¬
§«“¡ “¡“√∂µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·µàµâÕß
Õ“»—¬§«“¡»√—∑∏“ §«“¡√—° §«“¡
À«— ß ·≈–°“√‰¥â √— ∫ æ√–À√√…∑“π
®“°æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“‡∑à“π—Èπ
Ù. °Æ¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å (human law)
‡ªìπ°Æ‡°≥±å∑’Ë°”Àπ¥¢÷Èπ„π —ߧ¡
¡πÿ…¬å·≈–ª√–°“»„Àâ√‚Ÿâ ¥¬∑—«Ë °—π‚¥¬
ÕߧåÕ∏‘ªíµ¬å °ÆÀ¡“¬À√◊հƇ°≥±å
∫—≠≠—µ·‘ ≈–ª√–°“»„™â„π —ߧ¡¡πÿ…¬å
®–µâÕß¡’æ◊Èπ∞“π¡“®“°°Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘
·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫À≈—°»’≈∏√√¡ °Æ
À¡“¬„¥∑’Ë ¢— ¥ °— ∫ °Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘ · ≈–
»’ ≈ ∏√√¡¬à Õ ¡‰¡à „ ™à ° ÆÀ¡“¬ ·≈–
‡π◊ËÕß®“°°ÆÀ¡“¬‡ªì𧔠—ËߢÕß√—∞
∂â“°ÆÀ¡“¬¢—¥µàÕ°Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘ §”
 ‘«≈’ »‘√‰‘ ≈
 —Ë ß ¥— ß °≈à “ «°Á ‰ ¡à   ¡§«√∑’Ë ® –‡™◊Ë Õ øí ß
·≈–ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß
°ÆÀ¡“¬¢—¥µàÕ°Ææ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“¥â«¬
‡‡≈â « ¬‘Ë ß ‡ªì π  ‘Ë ß ‰¡à ™ Õ∫∏√√¡·≈–∂◊ Õ
‡ªìπ°Æ¢Õß∑√√“™ ´÷Ëß¡πÿ…¬å‰¡à§«√
‡§“√懙◊Ë Õ øí ß ‡æ√“–‡√“§«√‡§“√æ
æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“¡“°°«à“¡πÿ…¬å ÚÒ
∑√√»π–¢ÕßÕ–‰§«π—   ‡√◊Ë Õ ßπ’È
‰¡à‰¥âÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°“√‡¢â“‰ª·∑√°·´ß
°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¢Õß√—∞ Õ–‰§«π— „Àâ
§ÿ≥§à“√—∞«à“‡ªìπ ∂“∫—π‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å´÷Ëß
‡ªìπ —µ«å —ߧ¡ √—∞§«∫§ÿ¡æƒµ‘°√√¡
°“√°√–∑”¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å‚¥¬°“√∫—ߧ—∫
„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬ ¥—ßπ—Èπ °ÆÀ¡“¬®–µâÕß
¡’∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õߧ«“¡¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡ §◊Õ
‡°‘¥®“°‡Àµÿº≈∑’‡Ë ªìπ√–∫∫ Õ¥§≈âÕß
°— ∫ °Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘ · ≈–‰¡à ¢— ¥ µà Õ À≈— °
»’≈∏√√¡ π”™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬å‰ª Ÿà§«“¡¥’
‚¥¬ à«π√«¡ (common goal) ∂â“
‡¡◊Ë Õ „¥∑’Ë ° ÆÀ¡“¬‰¡à ‡ ªì 𠉪µ“¡π’È
ª√–™“™π°Á‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇§“√懙◊ËÕ
øíß ¡“√嵑π ≈Ÿ‡∑Õ√å §‘ß ‰¥âπ”·π«§‘¥
¢ÕßÕ–‰§«π—   ‰ª π— ∫  πÿ π °“√¢— ¥
¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫ ‚¥¬‡¢’¬π‰«â„π Letter
from Birmingham Jail ‡æ◊ÕË ª√–∑â«ß
°ÆÀ¡“¬°“√·∫àß·¬°ª√–™“™π„π
Õ‡¡√‘°“ÚÚ
∑√√»π–¢Õßπ— ° ª√— ™ ≠“°≈ÿà ¡
∑ƒ…Æ’ —≠≠“ª√–™“§¡
∑ƒ…Æ’  — ≠ ≠“ª√–™“§¡ (the
social contract theory) ‡ªìπ·π«§‘¥
∑“ߪ√—™≠“°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈– —ߧ¡∑’ˇ°‘¥
¢÷Èπ„π™à«ß√–¬–‡«≈“¢Õߪ√—™≠“ ¡—¬
65
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
„À¡à§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˜ ‚¥¬¡’π—°
ª√—™≠“§π ”§—≠‰¥â·°à ∑Õ¡—  ŒÕ∫ å
(Thomas Hobbes) ®ÕÀåπ ≈ÁÕ° (John
Locke) ·≈–™Õß ™“° √Ÿ ‚ ´ (Jean
Jacque Rousseau) ª√–‡¥Á𠔧—≠
¢Õß∑ƒ…Æ’ —≠≠“ª√–™“§¡ ‰¥â·°à
°“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¢Õß —ߧ¡∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß
¡πÿ … ¬å ·≈–‡Àµÿ „ ¥§π‡√“®÷ ß µâ Õ ß
‡§“√æ°ÆÀ¡“¬
ŒÕ∫ å π— ° ª√— ™ ≠“°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß
·≈– —ߧ¡™“«Õ—ß°ƒ…¡’∑√√»π–«à“
∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ≈«√⓬
„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ™◊ÕË Leviathan ŒÕ∫ åÕ∏‘∫“¬
«à “ ¡πÿ … ¬å „ π ¿“«–∏√√¡™“µ‘ Õ ¬Ÿà „ π
∫√√¬“°“»¢Õß°“√∑” ß§√“¡´÷Ëß°—π
·≈–°— π ∑—È ß π’È ‡ æ√“–¡πÿ … ¬å ¡’ § «“¡
‡ÀÁπ·°àµ—« · «ßÀ“º≈ª√–‚¬™πå∑’Ë
µπæÕ„® ¢≈“¥°≈—«§«“¡µ“¬ ¡πÿ…¬å
¥”√ß™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà¥â«¬æ≈—ß Ú ª√–°“√ §◊Õ
§«“¡ª√“√∂π“ (appetite) ·≈–§«“¡
‡°≈’¬¥™—ß (aversion) ·≈–π’˧◊Õ “‡Àµÿ
∑’Ë∑”„Àâ¡πÿ…¬å∑” ß§√“¡´÷Ëß°—π·≈–
°—π ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È¡πÿ…¬å®÷ß√Ÿâ«à“°“√¥”√ß
™’ «‘ µ Õ¬Ÿà „ π ¿“«–∏√√¡™“µ‘ ¬à Õ ¡‰¡à
 “¡“√∂‡°‘¥§«“¡¡—πË §ßª≈Õ¥¿—¬·≈–
§«“¡ ß∫„π™’«‘µ‰¥â °“√®– “¡“√∂
¥”√ß™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà‰¥âÕ¬à“ß ß∫ ÿ¢ ¡—Ëπ§ß
ª≈Õ¥¿— ¬ ¡πÿ … ¬å µâ Õ ß¬Õ¡¬° ‘ ∑ ∏‘
Õ”π“®¢Õßµπ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (to lay down
his right to all things) „Àâ·°à∫ÿ§§≈
∫“ߧπºŸâ∑”Àπâ“∑’˪°§√Õß  —ߧ¡
¡πÿ…¬å‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈¥—ß°≈à“«π’È
ª√–™“™π·µà≈–§π∑” —≠≠“´÷Ëß°—π
·≈–°— π ¬°Õ”π“® ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¢ Õßµπ·°à
ºŸâ∑”Àπâ“∑’˪°§√ÕßÀ√◊ÕÕߧåÕ∏‘ªíµ¬å
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
´÷ßË Õ“®‡ªìπ∫ÿ§§≈§π‡¥’¬«À√◊Õ√—∞ ¿“
°Á‰¥â ∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊ÕÕߧåÕ∏‘ªíµ¬å‰¡à„™à§Ÿà
 —≠≠“°—∫ª√–™“™π Õ”π“®∑’˪√–-
™“™π¬°„Àâ · °à Õ ß§å Õ ∏‘ ªí µ ¬å ∂◊ Õ ‡ªì π
‡¥Á¥¢“¥ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‰¡à«à“ÕߧåÕ∏‘ªíµ¬å
®–µ—¥ ‘π„®À√◊Õ°√–∑”°“√„¥ Ê ¬àÕ¡
∂◊ Õ «à “ ™Õ∫∏√√¡‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°‡ªì π °“√
°√–∑”‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ à«π√«¡ °ÆÀ¡“¬
§◊Õ§” —ËߢÕßÕߧåÕ∏‘ªíµ¬å (law is a
command of the sovereign) ŒÕ∫ å
∂◊Õ«à“ ‰¡à¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬„¥∑’ˉ¡à‡ªìπ∏√√¡
(there can be no unjust law)ÚÛ ¥—ßπ—Èπ
°“√¢— ¥ ¢◊ π À√◊ Õ µà Õ µâ “ π°ÆÀ¡“¬
®÷ ß ‡ªì π  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à   ¡‡Àµÿ   ¡º≈‡æ√“–
ª√–°“√·√° °“√¢—¥¢◊πÀ√◊ÕµàÕµâ“π
°ÆÀ¡“¬‡∑à“°—∫∫ÿ§§≈µàÕµâ“πµπ‡Õß
∑’Ë ‰ ¥â µ °≈ß∑” — ≠ ≠“°— π ·≈–°— 𠉫â
ª√–°“√∑’Ë Ú °“√¢—¥¢◊π‡ªìπ°“√∂Õ¬
À≈—ß°≈—∫‰ª Ÿà°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈
∑’Ë ‡ ªì π Õ‘   √– ‡ªì π °“√§◊ π °≈— ∫ ‰ª Ÿà
 ¿“«–∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∑’Ë ∑” ß§√“¡°— π
∑√√»π–¢ÕߌÕ∫ å„ÀâÕ”π“® ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
‡¥Á¥¢“¥·°àºŸâª°§√Õß —ߧ¡À√◊ÕÕߧå
Õ∏‘ªíµ¬å πÕ°®“°π’È ŒÕ∫ å¬—ß∂◊Õ«à“
»“ π®— ° √®–µâ Õ ßÕ¬Ÿà ¿ “¬„µâ ° “√
ª°§√ÕߢÕßΩÉ “ ¬Õ“≥“®— ° √À√◊ Õ √— ∞
¥â«¬ ∂â“¡’™“«§√‘ µå§π„¥‡ÀÁπ«à“§”
 —ËߢÕßÕߧåÕ∏‘ªíµ¬åÀ√◊Õ°ÆÀ¡“¬¢—¥
µàÕ°Æ¢Õßæ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“ ŒÕ∫ å¬◊π¬—π
«à “ ∫ÿ § §≈ºŸâ π—È π ‰¡à § «√‡§“√懙◊Ë Õ øí ß
ÕߧåÕ∏‘ªíµ¬å ·≈– ¡§«√‰ª‡ΩÑ“æ√–
‡ªì π ‡®â “ „πÕ“≥“®— ° √¢Õß¡√≥ — ° ¢’
(he must go to Christ in martyrdom)
®ÕÀåπ ≈ÁÕ° ‡ªìππ—°ª√—™≠“™“«
Õ—ß°ƒ…‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫ŒÕ∫ å §«“¡§‘¥
¢Õß≈Á Õ °∑“ߪ√— ™ ≠“°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß·≈–
 — ß §¡¡’ º ≈µà Õ §”ª√–°“»Õ‘   √¿“æ
¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°“ ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“„𧔪√–°“»
Õ‘ √¿“æÀ≈“¬ª√–°“√„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß
 ‘∑∏‘·≈–√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠‡™◊ËÕ°—π«à“‡®ø-
‡øÕ√å —π𔉪®“°ß“π‡¢’¬π¢Õß≈ÁÕ°
‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß ¢âÕ§«“¡∑’ˇ°’ˬ«
°—∫ ç™’«‘µ Õ‘ √¿“æ ·≈–°“√· «ßÀ“
§«“¡ ÿ¢„π™’«‘µé (life, liberty, and
the pursuit of happiness/property)ÚÙ
≈ÁÕ°¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“¡πÿ…¬å„π ¿“«–
∏√√¡™“µ‘∑’ˬ—߉¡à‡°‘¥ —ߧ¡ ∑ÿ°§π
¡’ § «“¡‡ ¡Õ¿“§‡∑à “ ‡∑’ ¬ ¡°— π ∑ÿ °
ª√–°“√ ‰¡à¡’„§√‡Àπ◊Õ°«à“„§√ (men
being, by nature all free, equal, and
independent) ‰¡à¡’„§√ “¡“√∂∑”°“√
„¥ Ê µàÕºŸâÕ◊Ëπ‰¥â‚¥¬ª√“»®“°§«“¡
¬‘π¬Õ¡®“°∫ÿ§§≈π—Èπ °“√¥”√ß™’«‘µ
¢Õß¡πÿ … ¬å „ π ¿“«–∏√√¡™“µ‘ Õ ¬Ÿà
¿“¬„µâ°Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘∑’ˇªìπ¢âÕºŸ°æ—π
·≈–‡ªì π ‡Àµÿ º ≈∑’Ë ¡ πÿ … ¬å ∑ÿ ° §π√Ÿâ ‰ ¥â
§◊Õ ‰¡à¡’∫ÿ§§≈„¥¡’ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–∑”√⓬
µàÕ™’«‘µ·≈–∑√—æ¬å ‘π¢ÕߺŸâÕ◊Ëπ ∂â“
∫ÿ § §≈„¥°√–∑”°Á ¬à Õ ¡∂Ÿ ° ≈ß‚∑…
‚¥¬∑’Ë·µà≈–§π¡’ ‘∑∏‘„π°“√ª°ªÑÕß
µπ‡Õß §ÿ⡧√Õß∑√—æ¬å ‘π¢Õßµπ‡Õß
 ¿“懙à π π’È ≈Á Õ °‡™◊Ë Õ «à “ ¡πÿ … ¬å ´÷Ë ß
‡ªì π  ‘Ë ß ¡’ ¿ “«–∑’Ë ¡’ ‡ Àµÿ º ≈¬à Õ ¡√Ÿâ · ≈–
‡¢â“„® Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ≈ÁÕ°¬Õ¡√—∫«à“
∫ÿ§§≈¬àÕ¡¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π ·≈–
Õ“®‡°‘ ¥ °“√≈à « ß≈–‡¡‘ ¥  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ °— 𠉥â
 ¿“æ¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à ß∫ ÿ¢°ÁÕ“®‡°‘¥
·°à¡πÿ…¬å ¡πÿ…¬åµâÕß°“√¥”√ß√—°…“
‰«â´÷Ë߇ √’¿“æ §«“¡ ÿ¢ ·≈– ¿“æ
°“√Õ¬Ÿà¥’¡’ ÿ¢¢Õßµπ ®÷ßµâÕß°“√√«¡
66
°—πÕ¬Ÿà„π —ߧ¡∑’Ë¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬§ÿ⡧√Õß
·≈–‡ªìπÀ≈—°ª√–°—π„Àâ·°à°“√¥”√ß
™’«‘µ ∫ÿ§§≈µ°≈ß°—π¬‘π¬Õ¡¬° ‘∑∏‘
Ú ª√–°“√∑’Ë∑ÿ°§π¡’‡∑à“‡∑’¬¡°—π„Àâ
·°àºŸâª°§√Õß —ߧ¡ ‰¥â·°à  ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–
ª°ªÑÕß√—°…“µπ‡Õß®“°Õ—πµ√“¬∑—Èß
ª«ß ·≈– ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–≈ß‚∑…ºŸâ∑’Ë∑”√⓬
‡√“Úı ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È —ߧ¡®÷߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ
Õߧå°√‡¥’¬« ¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’˧ÿ⡧√Õß
∑ÿ ° §π‡∑à “ ‡∑’ ¬ ¡°— π ·≈–≈ß‚∑…ºŸâ
°√–∑”º‘¥∑ÿ°§π‡™àπ°—𠵓¡∑√√»π–
¢Õß≈ÁÕ° √—∞∫“≈‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ·≈–¥”√ßÕ¬Ÿà
¥â « ¬§«“¡¬‘ π ¬Õ¡¢Õߪ√–™“™π
‰¡à ¡’ ‡ Àµÿ º ≈Õ◊Ë π „¥™Õ∫∏√√¡‰ª°«à “
‡Àµÿº≈π’È ·≈–„π°“√∑” —≠≠“ª√–-
™“§¡∑’ªË √–™“™π¬Õ¡¬°Õ”π“® ‘∑∏‘
Ú ª√–°“√ „Àâ·°à√—∞∫“≈¥—ß°≈à“«π’È
°“√ª°§√Õߥ⫬√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬
‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡∑’Ë ÿ¥ πÕ°
®“°π’È ≈ÁÕ°¬—ß¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“√—∞∫“≈∑’Ë
‰¡àÕ“®ª°ªÑÕߧÿ⡧√Õߺ≈ª√–‚¬™πå
¢Õߪ√–™“™π‚¥¬ à«π√«¡·≈–µÕ∫
 πÕßµàÕ§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õߪ√–™“™π
∑’ˬ°Õ”π“® ‘∑∏‘„Àâ¬àÕ¡‡ªìπ√—∞∫“≈
∑’ˉ¡à™Õ∫∏√√¡ ·≈–ª√–™“™π¬àÕ¡
¡’  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ∑’Ë ® –ªÑ Õ ß°— π ·≈–‡√’ ¬ °Õ”π“®
§◊π¥â«¬°“√ªØ‘«—µ‘ ∑√√»π–¢Õß≈ÁÕ°
‡√◊ËÕßπ’È · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–¢—¥¢◊π
À√◊Õ‡√’¬°√âÕßÕ”π“®§◊π®“°√—∞∫“≈
‡ªì 𠧫“¡™Õ∫∏√√¡∑’Ë ° √–∑”‰¥â „ π
¿“«–∑’√Ë ∞— ∫“≈‰¡àÕ“®ª°ªÑÕߧÿ¡â §√Õß
™’«‘µ ∑√—æ¬å ‘π ·≈–§«“¡Õ¬Ÿà¥’¡’ ÿ¢
¢Õߪ√–™“™π (the right to resist and
to challenge anthority)Úˆ ≈Áհ查∂÷ß
ç°Æ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ß°ÆÀ¡“¬é (law
°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫„π —ߧ¡ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ :
∑√√»π–∑“ߪ√—™≠“·≈–∫∑«‘æ“°…凙‘ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å

behind the law) π—Ëπ§◊Õ°Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘
 ‘∑∏‘‡ √’¿“æ §«“¡‡∑à“‡∑’¬¡°—π¢Õß
¡πÿ … ¬å ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë æ √–‡ªì π ‡®â “ ∑√ß
 √â“ß·≈–ª√–∑“π¡“ °ÆÀ¡“¬„¥ Ê
∑’Ë∫—≠≠—µ‘¢÷Èπ®–≈–‡¡‘¥µàÕ ‘Ëßπ’È¡‘‰¥â
™Õß ™“° √Ÿ‚´ π—°ª√—™≠“°“√
‡¡◊ Õ ß·≈– — ß §¡™“«Ω√—Ë ß ‡» ‡ªì π Õ’ °
§πÀπ÷Ëß∑’ˇ πÕ§«“¡§‘¥‡√◊ËÕß —≠≠“
ª√–™“§¡ √Ÿ ‚ ´¡Õß∏√√¡™“µ‘ ¢ Õß
¡πÿ…¬å«à“‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¥’ ¡πÿ…¬å¡’‡Àµÿº≈
·≈–‡ªìπ —µ«å»’≈∏√√¡ ¡πÿ…¬å„π¿“«–
∏√√¡™“µ‘®ß÷ ‡ªìπ ‘ßË ∑’¥Ë ’ ·µà§«“¡‡®√‘≠
·≈–√–∫∫¢Õß —ߧ¡µâÕß∑”„Àâ¡πÿ…¬å
‡ª≈’¬Ë π‰ª °“√‡¢â“¡“√«¡Õ¬Ÿ‡à ªìπ —ߧ¡
¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å°Á‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ™’«‘µ‰¥â∫√√≈ÿ∂÷ß
¿“«–∑“ß»’≈∏√√¡ ¡πÿ…¬å®–ª√–惵‘
·≈–°√–∑”Õ¬à“ß¡’»’≈∏√√¡‰¥â°Á¥â«¬
°“√¥”√ß™’«‘µ¿“¬„µâ°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’˵π
¬Õ¡√—∫·≈–°ÆÀ¡“¬¥—ß°≈à“«®–µâÕß
¡ÿàß Ÿà§«“¡¥’‚¥¬ à«π√«¡  ‘Ëß ”§—≠
§◊Õ°ÆÀ¡“¬°Á¥’ À√◊Õ‡ ’¬ß¢â“ß¡“°
„π —ߧ¡°Á¥’ ®–µâÕß¡’æ◊Èπ∞“π¡“®“°
燮µ®”π߇æ◊Ë Õ  à « π√«¡é (general
will) √Ÿ ‚ ´À¡“¬∂÷ ß °“√∑’Ë · µà ≈ –§π
ÕÕ°§«“¡‡ÀÁ π ‚¥¬§”π÷ ß ∂÷ ß §«“¡¥’
‚¥¬ à«π√«¡‡ªìπÀ≈—° ‡ªìπ°“√ÕÕ°
‡ ’¬ßÕ¬à“ßÕ‘ √–ª√“»®“°°“√®Ÿß„®
π—¥À¡“¬À√◊Õ∫’∫∫—ߧ—∫ ∂â“°√–∑”‰¥â
‡™àππ’È°Á∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬Õ¬à“ß
·∑â®√‘ß ¡‘‡™àππ—πÈ °Á®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ 燠’¬ß
¢â“ß¡“°∑’πË ¥— À¡“¬é (will of all) À√◊Õ
°ÆÀ¡Ÿà ´÷Ëß¡’º≈ª√–‚¬™π凩擖°≈ÿà¡
·Õ∫·Ωß √Ÿ ‚ ´‡ÀÁ π ¥â « ¬°— ∫ °“√∑’Ë
∫ÿ§§≈®–µâÕ߇§“√懙◊ËÕøíß°ÆÀ¡“¬
·µà‡¡◊ËÕ„¥∑’Ë°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¡à‰¥âπ”¡πÿ…¬å
 ‘«≈’ »‘√‰‘ ≈
‰ª Ÿà™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’  —ߧ¡∑’Ë ß∫ ÿ¢ ™’ «‘ µ
Õ‘   √¿“æ·≈–∑√— æ ¬å  ‘ π ¢Õß∫ÿ § §≈
‰¡à‰¥â√∫— §«“¡§ÿ¡â §√ÕßÕ¬à“߇ªìπ∏√√¡
√Ÿ ‚ ´°Á ‡ ÀÁ π «à “ ª√–™“™π§«√ª≈¥
·Õ°®“°∫à“¢Õßµπ „𧫓¡À¡“¬∑’Ë
ª√–™“™π¡’ ‘∑∏‘ªØ‘‡ ∏°ÆÀ¡“¬Ú˜
 √ÿª·≈–«‘æ“°…å
‰¡à «à “ π— ° ª√— ™ ≠“®–Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬
∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“¡’∫àÕ‡°‘¥
¡“®“°æ√–‡ªìπ‡®â“À√◊Õ®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘
¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ®“°¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß∑’˪√“°Ø
°ÆÀ¡“¬§◊Õª√“°Ø°“√≥å¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß
„π — ß §¡¡πÿ … ¬å ¡’ º ≈∫— ß §— ∫ „™â · ≈–¡’
∫∑≈ß‚∑… ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π —ߧ¡ª√–-
™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ À≈—°π‘µ∏‘ √√¡·≈–°ÆÀ¡“¬
µà“ß Ê ™à«¬∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡ªìπ∏√√¡
·≈–«‘∂’™’«‘µ∑’Ë —𵑠ÿ¢ ª√–™“™π‡ªìπ
‡®â“¢ÕßÕ”π“®Õ∏‘ª‰µ¬·≈–‡ªìπ∑’Ë¡“
¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ‚¥¬À≈—°∑—Ë«‰ª
·≈⫪√–™“™π®–µâÕ߇§“√懙◊ËÕøíß
°ÆÀ¡“¬√«¡∂÷ß ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–µ√«® Õ∫
°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‡®‡√¡’ ‡∫π∑—¡ (Jeremy
Bentham) π—°ª√—™≠“ ¡—¬„À¡à™“«
Õ—ß°ƒ…°≈à“«∂÷߇√◊ËÕßπ’È«à“ ¿“¬„µâ°“√
ª°§√Õß‚¥¬√— ∞ ∫“≈µ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬
Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õßæ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’ §◊Õ çto obey
punctually; to censure freely.éÚ¯
°“√‡§“√懙◊Ë Õ øí ß °ÆÀ¡“¬∂◊ Õ ‡ªì π
§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫∑“ß»’≈∏√√¡ (moral
responsibility) ∑’Ë∫ÿ§§≈„π —ߧ¡æ÷ß¡’
·≈–‡ªìπ‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢¢âÕºŸ°æ—π‚¥¬µ—«‡Õß
(automatic obligation)
ªí ≠ À“‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π «à “ „π°√≥’ ∑’Ë ° Æ
À¡“¬¡’¢âÕ∫°æ√àÕ߉¡à‡ªìπ∏√√¡À√◊Õ
67
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
∂Ÿ°∫‘¥‡∫◊Õπ‰ª®“°‡®µπ“√¡≥å‡æ◊ËÕ
 à « π√«¡‰ª‡ªì π °“√‡Õ◊È Õ ª√–‚¬™πå
·°à∫ÿ§§≈‡©æ“–°≈ÿà¡ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‡™àππ’È
ª√–™“™πºŸâ‡ªìπ‡®â“¢ÕßÕ”π“®Õ∏‘ª-
‰µ¬Õ¬à “ ß·∑â ® √‘ ß °Á § «√∑’Ë ® –∑â « ßµ‘ ß
‡√’¬°√âÕß À√◊Õ¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫‡æ◊ËÕ
„À≥â°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’ˇªìπ∏√√¡·≈–™Õ∫
∏√√¡§◊π¡“ ç ‘∑∏‘é ¢Õߪ√–™“™π
„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȇªìπ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë¡“®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘
·≈–»— ° ¥‘Ï » √’ ¢ Õߧ«“¡‡ªì π ¡πÿ … ¬å
‰¡à „ ™à  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ∑’Ë  — ß §¡¡Õ∫„Àâ · °à ∫ÿ § §≈
‡Àµÿ º ≈Õ’ ° ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë  ”§— ≠ §◊ Õ
 — ß §¡À√◊ Õ ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘ ‡ ªì π ∑’Ë √ «¡
¢Õߪ√–™“™π‡ªìπ —ߧ¡∑’Ë¡’¢âÕµ°≈ß
·≈– —ߧ¡™à«¬‡Õ◊ÈÕª√–‚¬™πå·°à™’«‘µ
Õ‘ √¿“æ·≈–∑√—æ¬å ‘π·°à∑ÿ°§π ®÷ß
§«√‡ªì π Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ∑’Ë ∫ÿ § §≈·µà ≈ –§πæ÷ ß
™à « ¬°— π √— ° …“√–∫∫¢Õß — ß §¡¥â « ¬
¡“µ√∞“π∑“ß»’≈∏√√¡∑’Ë™—¥‡®π·≈–
¡—Ëπ§ß
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ °“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘„π‡√◊ËÕß
¢Õß°“√¢— ¥ ¢◊ π Õ¬à “ ß ß∫®–‡ªì 𠉪
Õ¬à “ ߇À¡“– ¡À√◊ Õ ‰¡à ¢÷È π Õ¬Ÿà °— ∫
‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢À≈“¬ª√–°“√¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
ª√–°“√·√° ºŸâ∑’Ë®–¥”‡π‘π°“√
¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫®–µâÕß¡’®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬
∑’Ë ™— ¥ ‡®π·≈–Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬·°à  — ß §¡‰¥â «à “
‡Àµÿ º ≈∑’Ë µ πªØ‘ ‡  ∏°ÆÀ¡“¬‡√◊Ë Õ ß
π—Èπ§◊ÕÕ–‰√  àߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ —ߧ¡
 à«π√«¡Õ¬à“߉√ ‰¡à„™à‡æ’¬ß·µà· ¥ß
§«“¡‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬À√◊ÕµâÕß°“√µàÕµâ“π
§—¥§â“π
ª√–°“√∑’Ë Ú ‚¥¬æƒµ‘°√√¡
 à«πµ—«¢ÕߺŸâ∑’Ë¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫µâÕß
ª√“°Ø™— ¥ «à “ ‡ªì π ºŸâ ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ª Ø‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
À≈—°°“√∑’˵π‡√’¬°√âÕß ‡æ◊ËÕ¡‘„À⇪ìπ
∑’ˇ¢â“„®«à“°√–∑”‡æ◊ËÕª°ªÑÕß à«π‰¥â
 à«π‡ ’¬¢Õßµπ
ª√–°“√∑’Ë Û §«“¡√Õ∫§Õ∫
„π°“√æ‘ ® “√≥“ªí ≠ À“°“√∑— ° ∑â « ß
À√◊ Õ ‡√’ ¬ °√â Õ ß∫“߇√◊Ë Õ ßÕ“®¡’ º ≈µà Õ
°ÆÀ¡“¬À√◊Õ¢âÕµ°≈ß∫“ߪ√–°“√
∑’Ë àߺ≈µàÕ —ߧ¡‚¥¬ à«π√«¡ ‡™àπ
°“√§—¥§â“π∑â«ßµ‘ß ‡√◊ËÕß°“√ àß∑À“√
‰ª√à«¡∑” ß§√“¡  ß§√“¡‡ªì𧫓¡
√ÿ π ·√ß ·≈–π”¡“´÷Ëߧ«“¡ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬
¢≥–‡¥’ ¬ «°— π „π‚≈°¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªì π
®√‘ß∫“ߧ√—Èߠߧ√“¡°ÁÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߉¡à‰¥â
°“√ªØ‘ ‡  ∏∑’Ë ® –‡¢â “ ‰ª¡’  à « π√«¡°Á
Õ“® àߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕª√–‡∑» ∂â“„π
¿“¬Àπâ “ ª√–‡∑»¢Õßµπ‡°‘ ¥ ¿“«–
∑’˵âÕß°“√§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ  ”À√—∫
ª√–‡¥Áππ’ÈÕ“®¡’∑“ßÕÕ°¥â«¬°“√‰ª
·ºπ∑’Ë· ¥ß∑’˵—Èß∫√√¥“π§√√—∞¢Õß°√’° ¡—¬‚∫√“≥ (Melchert Norman, 1995)
√à « ¡æ— ≤ π“À√◊ Õ ™à « ¬‡À≈◊ Õ ¥â “ πÕ◊Ë π
·∑π°“√ Ÿâ√∫‚¥¬µ√ß
ª√–°“√∑’Ë Ù µ—«ºŸâ¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß
 ß∫µâÕßæ√âÕ¡∑’Ë®–√—∫‚∑…∑’˵“¡¡“
‡æ◊ËÕ„À⠗ߧ¡‡ÀÁπ«à“ µπ‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬
·≈–§—¥§â“π°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·µà‰¡à≈–‡¡‘¥
°µ‘°“¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‡æ√“–¡‘‡™àππ—Èπ
·≈â« Õ“®∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡¢â“„®º‘¥«à“
°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫‡ªìπ°“√°√–∑”
µ“¡Õ”‡¿Õ„®‰¡à¡’°µ‘°“ ∂Ⓡ™àππ—Èπ
·≈⫧«“¡‰√â√–∫∫·≈–§«“¡«ÿà𫓬
¬àÕ¡‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π —ߧ¡ °“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß
 ß∫§«√‡ªì π «‘ ∏’ ° “√ ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ¡’
∑“߇≈◊Õ°Õ◊πË Õ’°·≈â«
ª√–°“√∑’Ë ı ª√–™“™π„π —ߧ¡
®–µâÕß¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ §«“¡‡¢â“„®¥’æÕ„π
√–∫∫¢Õߪ√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ ‡¢â“„®‡√◊ËÕß
 ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ‡  √’ ¿ “æ¢Õß°“√· ¥ß§«“¡
68
§‘¥‡ÀÁπ °“√查 °“√°√–∑”∑’ˇªìπ‰ª
‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå à«π√«¡‚¥¬∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï„®
‡¢â“„®§«“¡À¡“¬·≈–¢Õ∫‡¢µ¢Õß
°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°‡√◊ËÕß°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß
 ß∫
°“√ª°§√Õß‚¥¬√–∫Õ∫ª√–-
™“∏‘ª‰µ¬¡’À≈—°°“√  “√– ”§—≠·≈–
Õß§å ª √–°Õ∫‡ªì π ∑’Ë √Ÿâ °— 𠇪ì π  “°≈
·µà‡¡◊ËÕ𔉪„™âªØ‘∫—µ‘„π —ߧ¡¬àÕ¡
¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ªµ“¡∫√‘∫∑¢Õß
 —ߧ¡·µà≈–·Ààß √–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬
®–‡ªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß∫√√≈ÿº≈À√◊Õ‰¡à ªí®®—¬
ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ §«“¡√Ÿâ¢Õß
ª√–™“™π √Ÿ ‚ ´°≈à “ «∂÷ ß ‡√◊Ë Õ ßπ’È «à “
®ß √â “ ߧπ¥â « ¬°“√»÷ ° …“·≈â « ∑à “ π
®–‰¥â ∑ÿ ° Õ¬à “ ßµ“¡À≈— ° °“√¢Õß
ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬  —ߧ¡∑’˪√–™“™π‰¥â
√—∫°“√»÷°…“ ¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π
 ‘∑∏‘‡ √’¿“æ À≈—°°“√∑“ß»’≈∏√√¡
∑’ˇªìπ√“°∞“π¢Õß —ߧ¡ ¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡
·¢Áß∑“ß®√‘¬∏√√¡∑’Ë®–‰¡à§≈âÕ¬µ“¡
 ‘Ëß∑’˺‘¥À≈—°°“√ ‡ÀÁπ·°àº≈ª√–‚¬™πå
 à«πµπ¡“°°«à“ à«π√«¡ ª√–™“™π
°Á®– “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡·≈–µ√«® Õ∫
°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õßπ—°°“√‡¡◊Õ߉¥â
惵‘ ° √√¡∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ™ Õ∫∏√√¡∑—È ß À≈“¬
°Á ® –∂Ÿ ° µ√«® Õ∫·≈–‡ªî ¥ ‡º¬ „π
∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡∂⓪√–™“™π¢“¥°“√
»÷°…“∑’Ë¥’æÕ ¬àÕ¡ª≈àÕ¬„ÀâÕ”π“®
°“√ª°§√Õßµ°Õ¬Ÿà„π¡◊Õ¢Õß∫√√¥“
π—°°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈–ºŸâª°§√Õߪ√–‡∑»
¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—πª√–™“™π°ÁÕ“®∂Ÿ°®Ÿß„®
¥â « ¬º≈ª√–‚¬™πå ® π≈◊ ¡  ‘ ∑ ∏‘ · ≈–
Àπâ“∑’ËÕ—π·∑â®√‘ߢÕßµπ º≈‡ ’¬°Á®–
‡°‘¥·°à —ߧ¡Õ¬à“ßÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߉¡à‰¥â.
°“√¢—¥¢◊πÕ¬à“ß ß∫„π —ߧ¡ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬ :
∑√√»π–∑“ߪ√—™≠“·≈–∫∑«‘æ“°…凙‘ß®√‘¬»“ µ√å
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

‡™‘ßÕ√√∂ ˜ Ibid., p. 35. Ò¯ Melchert Norman, Op.cit., p 99.

Ò Stewart Aavid and Blocker H.Gene,
Fundamentals of Philosophy, 4th ed.
(New Jersey : Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1996),
pp 446.
Ú Titus H. Harold and Keeton Moris,
Ethics for today, 4th ed. (New York :
American Book Company, 1996), pp
487, 488.
Û Loc. cit.
Ù Zashin M. Elliot, Civil Disobedience
and Democracy, (New York : The Free
Press : A Division of the Macmillan
Company, 1972), p. 8.
ı Ibid., p. 158.
ˆ Melchert Norman, The Great Conver-
sation : A Historical Introduction to
Philosophy, 2nd ed. (Mountain View,
Califonia : Mayfield Publishing Com-
pany, 1995), p. 34.
¯ Kolenda Konstantin, Philosophy ûs
Journey : A Historical Introduction,
(Reading, Massachusetts : Addison-
Wesley Publishing Company, 1974),
p. 48.
˘ Albert M. Ethel and Denise C. Theodore,
Great Traditions in Ethics, 5th ed.
(Belmont : Wadsworth Publishing Com-
pany, 1953), pp 12, 13.
Ò, ÒÒ Kolenda Konstantin, Op.cit., pp 21,
22.
ÒÚ Copleston Frederick, A History of
Philosophy : Volum I Greek and
Rome, (New york : Doubleday, 1946),
p. 94.
ÒÛ Albert M. Ethel and Denise C. Theodore,
Op.cit., p. 13.
ÒÙ, Òı Kolenda Konstantin, Op.cit., pp.
42, 43.
Òˆ, Ò˜ Ibid., p. 45.
Ò˘ Kolenda Konstantin, Op.cit., pp 77, 78.
Ú Stumpf E. Samuel, Elements of Philo-
sophy : An Introduction, 2nd ed. (New
York : Mcgraw-Hill Book Company,
1987), pp 184-186.
ÚÒ Ibid., p. 188.
ÚÚ Velasquez Manuel, Philosophy A Text
with Reading, 4 th ed. (Belmont :
Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1991),
p. 523.
ÚÛ Stampf E. Samuel, Op.cit., pp. 194-
199.
ÚÙ Stewart David, Op.cit., p. 462.
Úı, Úˆ Ibid., p. 467.
Ú˜ Velasquez Manuel, Op.cit., p. 509.
Ú¯ Lyons David, Ethics and the Rule of
Law, (Cambridge : Cambridge Univer-
sity Press, 1984), p. 208.

Abstract Civil Disobedience in Democratic Society: Philosophical and Ethical Criticism

Sivalee Sirilai
Associate Fellow the Academy of Political Sciences, The Royal Institute, Thailand

The concept and phenomena of civil disobedience arose since in the ancient Greek
democratic society. The purpose of civil disobedience is to deny law and policy that is not
legitimate and beneficial to the whole society, especially it dehumanizes human dignity.
Some philosophers think that, civil disobedience is an inherent moral right of human being not
a right given by society. The limitation is, civil disobedienee should be practiced without and
doers have to accept the result. Other philosophers think in democratic society the rule of law
is the supreme principle, then it is a moral obligation for individual to respect and obey the
law inorder to avoid disocial that may lead to revolution.

Key words: civil disobedience, democracy, right, law

 ‘«≈’ »‘√‰‘ ≈
69
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

·π«‚π⡺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ π”æ«—≈¬å °‘®√—°…å°≈ÿ *

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å
·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’ˇªìπ°≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√„π°“√»÷°…“π’ȧ◊Õ °≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ ˆ ªï ·≈– Ÿß°«à“¢÷Èπ‰ª∑—Èß™“¬
·≈–À≠‘ß ª√–™“°√°≈ÿà¡π’È°”≈—ß¡’·π«‚π⡇æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫®”π«πª√–™“°√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥¢Õß
ª√–‡∑» ´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈®“°°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß¿“«–‡®√‘≠æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë∑”„Àâ®”π«πª√–™“°√«—¬‡¥Á°≈¥≈ß ª√–°Õ∫°—∫°“√
æ—≤π“∑“ߥâ“π«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑’ˇ®√‘≠°â“«Àπâ“¡“°¢÷Èπ·≈–°√–®“¬Õ¬à“ß∑—Ë«∂÷ß √«¡∑—Èß
ª√–™“°√‡¢â“∂÷ß°“√∫√‘°“√¥â“π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢  àߺ≈„ÀâÕ—µ√“µ“¬¢Õߪ√–™“°√≈¥≈ß·≈–ª√–™“°√¡’Õ“¬ÿ¬◊π¢÷Èπ
‚¥¬ æ.». ÚÙ˜Ú ª√–¡“≥«à“Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ‡¡◊ËÕ·√°‡°‘¥‡æ»™“¬Õ“¬ÿ ÛÒ.ˆ ªï ‡æ»À≠‘ßÕ“¬ÿ Û˜.ı ªï ®“°
π—Èπ¡“Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ¢Õߪ√–™“°√§àÕ¬Ê ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ·≈–„π æ.». ÚıÙ˘ Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ¢Õ߇滙“¬ª√–¡“≥
ˆ˘ ªï ·≈–‡æ»À≠‘ß ˜ˆ ªï °“√∑’˪√–™“°√¡’Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ Ÿß¢÷Èπ¡’º≈„Àâ®”π«πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ®–¡“°¢÷Èπ¥â«¬ æ.».
ÚıÙ¯ ®”π«πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¡’ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– Ò.Òı §“¥«à“Õ’° Úı ªï¢â“ßÀπâ“ „π æ.». Úı˜Û Õ“®¡’®”π«π
ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– Ú ¢Õߪ√–™“°√∑—Èߪ√–‡∑» À√◊Õ¡’®”π«π Òı ≈â“π§π
ª√–™“°√ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¡’®”π«π¡“°·≈–π—∫«—π®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπª√“°Ø°“√≥å„À¡à¢Õß —ߧ¡‰∑¬ À“°‰¡à‰¥â
‡µ√’¬¡°“√·≈–«“ß·ºπß“πµà“ßÊ ‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥ªí≠À“¬àÕ¡À≈’°‡≈’ˬ߉¡à‰¥â

§” ”§—≠ : ¿“«–‡®√‘≠æ—π∏ÿå, Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ‡¡◊ËÕ·√°‡°‘¥

°“√‡æ‘Ë¡ª√–™“°√¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ∑’Ë®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬ Ê ‡æ√“–§π‰∑¬¡’ ‚≈°Ò §◊Õª√–¡“≥ ı-ˆ √âÕ¬≈â“π§π

‰∑¬„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¡’ ≈— ° …≥–Õ— µ √“‡æ‘Ë ¡
∑’Ë¡’·π«‚πâ¡≈¥≈ß®“°™à«ß Ù-ı
ªï ∑’Ë ºà “ π¡“ ‡ªì π º≈¡“®“°°“√≈¥
√–¥—∫¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥·≈–°“√µ“¬Õ¬à“ß
µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß
√«¥‡√Á « ¢Õß¿“«–‡®√‘ ≠ æ— π ∏ÿå ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π
ªí ® ®— ¬  ”§— ≠ µà Õ °“√‡°‘ ¥ ¡’ º ≈„Àâ
ª√–™“°√«— ¬ ‡¥Á ° ¡’ ®”π«ππâ Õ ¬≈ß
„π¢≥–∑’Ë ®”π«π·≈– — ¥  à « π¢Õß
ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ·≈–¡’·π«‚πâ¡
§«“¡¬◊𬓫¢Õß™’«‘µ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ®”π«π
ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ∑‡’Ë æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ π’‡È ªìπª√“°Ø°“√≥å
∑’Ë À ≈’ ° ‡≈’Ë ¬ ߉¡à ‰ ¥â · ≈–‡ªì π ª√“°Ø-
°“√≥å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ∑—Ë«‚≈° (global phe-
nomenon) ®“° ∂‘ µ‘ ¢ ÕßÕß§å ° “√
 Àª√–™“™“µ‘· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ æ.».
ÚıÙ¯ ¡’ª√–™“°√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ª√–¡“≥
ˆ,Ù˜˜ ≈â “ π§π „π®”π«ππ’È ‡ ªì π
ª√–™“°√Õ“¬ÿ ¡ “°°«à “ ˆı ªï ¡’
ª√–¡“≥√â Õ ¬≈– ˜ ¢Õߪ√–™“°√
‚¥¬¿Ÿ ¡‘ ¿ “§æ— ≤ π“·≈â « ¡’ ª √–¡“≥
√âÕ¬≈– Òı  à«π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§°”≈—ßæ—≤π“
¡’ ª √–¡“≥√â Õ¬≈– ı ·≈–·π«‚πâ¡
®–¡’®”π«π‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ∂â“
‰¡à‰¥â‡µ√’¬¡°“√‡æ◊ËÕ√—∫√Õß®”π«π
ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„ÀâÕ¬ŸàÕ¬à“ß¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢‰¡à«à“
®–‡ªìπ¥â“π «— ¥‘°“√‡°’¬Ë «°—∫ ÿ¢¿“æ
Õπ“¡—¬ ∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬ ·≈– «— ¥‘°“√
Õ◊Ëπ Ê ¢Õß√—∞ ‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥ªí≠À“
µà “ ß Ê µàÕºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¬àÕ¡‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â

* √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¿“§«‘™“¿Ÿ¡‘»“ µ√å §≥–Õ—°…√»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬»‘≈ª“°√ π§√ª∞¡

Ò
2005 Word Population Data Sheet of the Population Reference Bureau

·π«‚π⡺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
70

‡ ¡Õ ‡æ√“–≈—°…≥–¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√—«
√ÿà π „À¡à „ πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ·≈–„πÕ𓧵®–
¡’ ° “√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈߇ªì π §√Õ∫§√— «
¢π“¥‡≈Á°À√◊Õ§√Õ∫§√—«‡¥’ˬ«∑’Ë∫ÿµ√
À≈“π·¬°‰ªµ—Èߧ√Õ∫§√—«„À¡àÕ¬à“ß
¡’ Õ‘   √– ¡’ º ≈„Àâ ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π √ÿà π
æà Õ ·¡à Õ ¬Ÿà µ “¡≈”æ— ß ´÷Ë ß ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥
§«“¡¬“°≈”∫“° ·≈–‡ ’ˬߵàÕ°“√
‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬‚¥¬‰¡à¡’ºŸâ¥Ÿ·≈„°≈♑¥
ª√–™“°√ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ‚ ¥¬∑—Ë « ‰ª
À¡“¬∂÷ß ª√–™“°√∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ ˆ ªï
·≈– Ÿ ß °«à “ ¢÷È π ‰ª∑—È ß ™“¬·≈–À≠‘ ß
´÷Ë ß °≈ÿà ¡ ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ π’È ¡’ § «“¡·µ°µà “ ß
°—π„π°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡æ◊ËÕπ”
‰ª„™â „ π°“√‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫ ¥— ß ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â
°≈à“«·≈â««à“Õߧ尓√ Àª√–™“™“µ‘
√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‚≈°‚¥¬√«¡°≈ÿà¡
ª√–™“°√ ŸßÕ“¬ÿµ—Èß·µà ˆı ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª
πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’°“√·∫àß°≈ÿࡪ√–-
™“°√ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿÕÕ°‡ªìπ Û °≈ÿà¡ §◊Õ
°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ò ‡ªìπ°≈ÿࡺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ«—¬µâπ
(the young elderly) Õ“¬ÿµË”°«à“ ˜Ù
ªï °≈ÿ¡à ∑’Ë Ú ‡ªìπ°≈ÿ¡à ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ«¬— °≈“ß
(the middle elderly) Õ“¬ÿ√–À«à“ß
˜ı-¯Ù ªï ·≈–°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Û ‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡
ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ«—¬ ÿ¥∑⓬ (the old elderly)
Õ“¬ÿµ—Èß·µà ¯ı ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª  ”À√—∫°“√
»÷ ° …“ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ π’È ºŸâ »÷ ° …“„™â ° ≈ÿà ¡
ª√–™“°√Õ“¬ÿ ˆ ªï ¢÷È π ‰ª ∑—È ß π’È
‡æ√“–Õ“¬ÿ ‡ ªì π ‡°≥±å „ π°“√·∫à ß
ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ∑—Èß À¡¥„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà „ π°≈ÿà ¡ ‡¥’¬«
°—π √«¡∑—È߇ªìπ°≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà
„π«— ¬ ‡°…’ ¬ ≥√“™°“√·≈–∫√‘ …— ∑
¢Õ߇հ™π ª√–°Õ∫°— ∫ ‡ªì π °≈ÿà ¡
ª√–™“°√∑’˧àÕ¬ Ê ‡√‘Ë¡¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ
π”æ«—≈¬å °‘®√—°…å°ÿ≈
·ª≈ß„πµ—«ª√–™“°√‡Õß ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ
¥â“𰓬¿“æ ¥â“𮑵„®·≈–Õ“√¡≥å
∫“ߧπÕ“®‡√‘Ë ¡ ¡’ ° “√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß
µ—Èß·µà°àÕπÕ“¬ÿ ˆ ªï ∫“ߧπ‡√‘Ë¡
¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÀ≈—ßÕ“¬ÿ ˆ ªï
¢÷Èπ‰ª Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ®–¡’
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß¡“°πâÕ¬·µ°µà“ß
°—π„π·µà≈–§πµ“¡Õ“¬ÿ∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑’ˇÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥§◊Õ°“√
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߥâ“𰓬¿“æ∑’ËæÕ √ÿª
‰¥â¥ß— π’È
Ò. º‘«Àπ—ß·≈–°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ ºŸâ Ÿß
Õ“¬ÿ ® –¡’ º‘ « Àπ— ß ∑’Ë ∫ “ß≈߇π◊Ë Õ ß®“°
°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡¢ÕßµàÕ¡‰¢¡—π·≈–®”π«π
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ≈¥≈ß∑”„À⺑«Àπ—ß·Àâß ‡À’ˬ«
¬àπ·≈–∫“ß ¡’‚Õ°“ ‡°‘¥∫“¥·º≈‰¥â
ßà“¬  à«π°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ¡—°®–¡’≈—°…≥–
≈’∫‡≈Á°≈ß
Ú. ‚§√ß°√–¥Ÿ ° °√–¥Ÿ ° ¡— °
‡ª√“– ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°√à “ ß°“¬¥Ÿ ¥ ´÷ ¡
·§≈‡´’ ¬ ¡≈¥≈ßÀ√◊ Õ ¿“«– Ÿ ≠ ‡ ’ ¬
·§≈‡´’¬¡´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°ŒÕ√å‚¡π‡Õ -
‚∑√‡®πÀ≈—Ë ß ÕÕ°¡“πâ Õ ¬¡’ º ≈∑”„Àâ
°√–¥Ÿ°∫“ß≈ß ¡’‚Õ°“ °√–¥Ÿ°æ√ÿπ
À√◊Õ∫“ߧ√—È߇¡◊ËÕ‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—µ‘‡ÀµÿÀ°≈â¡
°√–¥Ÿ°®–À—°ßà“¬°«à“ª√–™“°√°≈ÿà¡
Õ“¬ÿ Õ◊Ë π ‡™à π °√–¥Ÿ ° ‡™‘ ß °√“π√â “ «
À√◊ÕÀ—° ¢âÕ‡∑â“¢âÕ¡◊Õ·æ≈ß √«¡∑—Èß
°√–¥Ÿ ° ¢â Õ Õ— ° ‡ ∫ √Ÿ ¡ “µÕ¬¥å ·≈–
‡°“µå ‡ªìπµâπ
Û. ‡´≈≈å   ¡Õß ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ¡— °
®–¡’ ‡ ´≈≈å   ¡Õß∫“ß à « 𵓬·≈–
®”π«π≈¥≈ß ∑”„Àâ¢π“¥¢Õß ¡Õß
‡≈Á°≈ß ª≈“¬ª√– “∑≈¥≈ß ∑”„Àâ
√—∫§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°≈¥≈ß¡’º≈∑”„Àâ¡’§«“¡
71
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
®”‡ ◊ËÕ¡ À≈ß≈◊¡ßà“¬ ·≈–®”‡√◊ËÕß√“«
„πªí®®ÿ∫π— ‰¡à§Õà ¬‰¥â®”‰¥â·µà‡√◊ÕË ß√“«
„πÕ¥’µ
Ù. À— « „®  à « π„À≠à º π— ß ‡ â π
‡≈◊Õ¥¡—°®–·¢Áß Àπ“À√◊Õµ’∫ ∑”„Àâ
‡≈◊Õ¥‰À≈≈”∫“°·≈–‰ª‡≈’Ȭ߰≈â“¡
‡π◊ÈÕÀ—«„®≈¥≈ß ∫“ߧ√—Èß°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ
À— « „®¡’ æ— ß º◊ ¥ ·≈–‰¢¡— π  – ¡¡“°
∑”„Àâ°“√¬◊¥À¬ÿπà ¢Õß°≈â“¡‡π◊ÕÈ À—«„®
≈¥≈ß ‡ âπ‡≈◊Õ¥À—«„®µ’∫µ—π √«¡∑—Èß
Õ“®‡°‘¥¿“«–§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß
ı. °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÕ◊Ëπ Ê ‰¥â
·°à °“√ÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬‚¥¬ÕÕ°·√ßπâÕ¬
À√◊Õ‰¡à‰¥âÕÕ°·√ß·µà¡’Õ“°“√‡æ≈’¬
¡“°°«à“ª√°µ‘ Õ“°“√‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬‡ª≈’¬Ë π
‰ªµ“¡√à“ß°“¬∑’ˉ¡à„™à “‡Àµÿ¡“®“°
§«“¡æ‘ ° “√ °“√‡¥‘ π ®–´Õ¬‡∑â “ ∂’Ë
≈— ° …≥–‡¥‘ π À— « ∑‘Ë ¡ À√◊ Õ ‡¥‘ π À— « ªí °
‰ª¢â “ ßÀπâ “ ‡æ√“–§«“¡‡°√Á ß ¢Õß
°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ ‡ªìπµâπ
 à«π°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑“ߥâ“π
®‘ µ „®·≈–Õ“√¡≥å π—È π ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ∑’Ë
¥”‡π‘ π ™’ «‘ µ ‚¥¬√— ∫ √“™°“√ À√◊ Õ
ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ß “π„π∫√‘ …— ∑ ‡Õ°™π¡“‡ªì π
‡«≈“π“π Û-Ù ªï ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°…’¬≥
Õ“¬ÿ®“°°“√∑”ß“π∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡
√Ÿâ  ÷ °  Ÿ ≠ ‡ ’ ¬ ∫∑∫“∑ §«“¡ ”§— ≠
À√◊ Õ °“√¬Õ¡√— ∫ π— ∫ ∂◊ Õ ≈¥≈ß ¡’ º ≈
∑”„Àâ § «“¡¡—Ë π „®„𧫓¡ “¡“√∂
·≈–§ÿ ≥ §à “ ≈¥≈ß √«¡∑—È ß ¡’ § «“¡
‡§√’ ¬ ¥®“°§«“¡∫°æ√à Õ ß∑“ߥ⠓ π
°“¬¿“æ¢Õß√à“ß°“¬∑’ˉ¥â°≈à“«·≈â«
·≈–µâÕßæ÷Ëß擺ŸâÕ◊ËπºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∫“ߧπ
¡’‚√§ª√–®”µ—«®÷ߧ«√µ√«®√à“ß°“¬
 ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ ∫“ߧ√—ÈߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿÕ“® Ÿ≠
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
‡ ’ ¬  “¡’ À √◊ Õ ¿√√¬“∑”„Àâ ¡’ § «“¡
°√–∑∫°√–‡∑◊ Õ π®‘ µ „®‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¡“°¢÷È π
πÕ°®“°π’È §«“¡‡§√’ ¬ ¥Õ“®‡°‘ ¥
ªí≠À“∑“߇»√…∞°‘®·≈–∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬
µâÕ߉¥â√—∫§«“¡‡¥◊Õ¥√âÕπ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
®÷ߧ«√‰¥â√—∫§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ¥â“π°“√
‡ß‘π·≈–°“√¥Ÿ·≈µ“¡§«√·°àÕ—µ¿“æ
®“°∫ÿµ√À≈“πÀ√◊Õ ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå
¢Õß√—∞ ®“° “‡Àµÿµà“ß Ê ¥—ß°≈à“«
ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¡—°¡’Õ“√¡≥击√â“ „®πâÕ¬
∫àπ¡“°¢÷Èπ ·≈–查®“´È”´“° 查
·µà‡√◊ËÕß„πÕ¥’µ∑’˧π√ÿàπÀ≈“π¡—°®–
‰¡à¡’ à«π√à«¡À√◊Õ‰¡à‡¢â“„®
‚§√ß √â“ߪ√–™“°√·≈–·π«‚πâ¡
ª√–™“°√ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
ª√–™“°√„π·µà≈–°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ‡ªìπ
ªí®®—¬ ”§—≠∑’Ë¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ¿“«–
‡®√‘ ≠ æ— π ∏ÿå ¿“«–°“√µ“¬·≈–°“√
¬â“¬∂‘Ëπ∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
 ∂“π–¢Õߪ√–™“°√¥â“π¢π“¥·≈–
°“√°√–®“¬µ—«µ“¡æ◊Èπ∑’Ë ¥—ßπ—Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ
„Àâ‡ÀÁπ¿“æ™—¥‡®π‡°’ˬ«°—∫·π«‚πâ¡
ª√–™“°√„π°≈ÿà ¡ Õ“¬ÿ µà “ ß Ê ¢Õß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬  “¡“√∂»÷°…“‰¥â®“°
¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ æ◊È π ∞“π∑’Ë ‡ ªì π Õß§å ª √–°Õ∫
ª√–™“°√¥â “ π‡æ»·≈–Õ“¬ÿ ´÷Ë ß ∂◊ Õ
«à “ ‡ªì π Õß§å ª √–°Õ∫ ”§— ≠ ¢Õß°“√
»÷°…“·≈–«‘‡§√“–Àåª√–™“°√
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¥â“π‡æ» ‚¥¬
ª√°µ‘ª√–™“°√‡æ»™“¬·≈–‡æ»À≠‘ß
®–‰¡à ¡¥ÿ≈°—π„π·µà≈–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë·≈–·µà
Ú
Õ—µ√“ à«π‡æ» (sex ratio) À¡“¬∂÷ß Õ—µ√“ à«π√–À«à“ߪ√–™“°√‡æ»™“¬µàÕª√–™“°√‡æ»À≠‘ß Ò §π À√◊Õ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ Ÿµ√§◊Õ ®”π«πª√–™“°√
‡æ»™“¬ À“√¥â«¬ ®”π«πª√–™“°√‡æ»À≠‘ß §Ÿ≥¥â«¬ Ò
≈–™à«ß‡«≈“ °“√®–∑√“∫«à“æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„¥¡’
§«“¡ ¡¥ÿ≈∑“߇满“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß
„¥ “¡“√∂À“‰¥â®“°Õ—µ√“ à«π‡æ»Ú
º≈¢Õß°“√À“Õ—µ√“ à«π‡æ»π—Èπ ∂â“
®”π«πª√–™“°√‡æ»™“¬·≈–‡æ»
À≠‘߇∑à“°—π Õ—µ√“ à«π‡æ»®–¡’§à“
‡∑à“°—∫ Ò ∂â“®”π«πª√–™“°√‡æ»
™“¬¡“°°«à“‡æ»À≠‘ß Õ—µ√“ à«π‡æ»
®–¡’§à“¡“°°«à“ Ò ·≈–∂â“®”π«π
ª√–™“°√‡æ»™“¬πâÕ¬°«à“‡æ»À≠‘ß
Õ—µ√“ à«π‡æ»®–¡’§à“πâÕ¬°«à“ Ò
ª√°µ‘·≈⫇滙“¬·≈–‡æ»À≠‘ß„π
·µà≈–°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ®–‰¡à‡∑à“°—π®÷ß∑”„Àâ
Õ—µ√“ à«π‡æ»‰¡à‡∑à“°—∫ Ò  à«π
„À≠àÕ—µ√“ à«π‡æ»‡¡◊ËÕ·√°‡°‘¥ (sex
ratio at birth) ®–¡“°°«à“ Ò ∑—Èßπ’È
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘ ¢ Õß∑“√°·√°
‡°‘¥¡—°®–‡ªìπ∑“√°‡æ»™“¬¡“°°«à“
∑“√°‡æ»À≠‘ ß ‚¥¬Õ— µ √“ à « π‡æ»
¢Õß∑“√°‡¡◊ËÕ·√°‡°‘¥¡’§à“ª√–¡“≥
ÒÙ-Òˆ À¡“¬§«“¡«à“ ‡¥Á°‡°‘¥
„À¡à®–‡ªìπ∑“√°‡æ»™“¬ ÒÙ-Òˆ
§π ®–‡°‘¥‡ªìπ∑“√°‡æ»À≠‘ß Ò
§π „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ
¢Õߪ√–™“°√‡æ»™“¬·µà≈–°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ
¡’Õ—µ√“‡ ’ˬߵàÕ¿“«–°“√µ“¬·≈–¡’
Õ—µ√“µ“¬ Ÿß°«à“ª√–™“°√‡æ»À≠‘ß
∑ÿ°°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ ∑”„Àâª√–™“°√«—¬°≈“ß
§π§àÕπ¢â“ß®–„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫§à“§«“¡
 ¡¥ÿ ≈ ∑“ß‡æ» ·≈–®“°°“√∑’Ë ‡ æ»
À≠‘ß¡’Õ“¬ÿ¬◊π°«à“‡æ»™“¬®÷ߪ√“°Ø
«à“Õ—µ√“ à«π‡æ»„π°≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√ Ÿß
72
Õ“¬ÿ®–¡’§“à µË”°«à“ Ò ‡ ¡Õ ‚¥¬Õ¬Ÿà
ª√–¡“≥ ¯-¯ı π—Ëπ°ÁÀ¡“¬§«“¡
«à“ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‡ªìπ‡æ»™“¬ ¯-¯ı §π
µàÕºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‡æ»À≠‘ß Ò §π πÕ°
®“°π’®È ”π«πª√–™“°√∑’¡Ë °’ “√¬â“¬∂‘πË
¡—°®–¡’‡æ»„¥‡æ»Àπ÷Ë߬⓬∂‘Ëπ¡“°
°«à“Õ’°‡æ»Àπ÷Ëß  à«π„À≠à°“√¬â“¬
∂‘Ëπ„π√–¬–‰°≈ °‘®°√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®∑’Ë
‡ªì π Õÿ µ  “À°√√¡Àπ— ° „™â · √ßß“π
Àπ—°¡—°®–¡’®”π«πºŸ¬â “â ¬∂‘πË ‡ªìπ‡æ»
™“¬¡“°°«à“‡æ»À≠‘ß „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«
°—π∫√‘‡«≥∑’ˇªìπ·À≈àß∏ÿ√°‘®°“√§â“
·≈–°“√∫√‘°“√®–¡’®”π«πºŸâ¬â“¬∂‘Ëπ
‡ªìπ‡æ»À≠‘ß¡“°°«à“‡æ»™“¬ ®“°
‡Àµÿ º ≈¥— ß °≈à “ «∑”„Àâ Õ ß§å ª √–°Õ∫
¥â “ π‡æ»¡’ º ≈µà Õ ¿“«–‡®√‘ ≠ æ— π ∏ÿå
¿“«–°“√µ“¬·≈–°“√¬â“¬∂‘Ëπ ‚¥¬
∫√‘‡«≥„¥∑’Ë¡’°≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√«—¬Àπÿà¡
 “«∑’ˇªìπ·√ßß“π∑“߇»√…∞°‘®¢Õß
ª√–‡∑»Õ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬®”π«π¡“° ®–¡’
º≈∑”„Àâ ° “√ ¡√ ·≈–°“√‡°‘ ¥  Ÿ ß
∫√‘‡«≥„¥∑’Ë¡’°≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
¡“°®–¡’º≈µàÕ¿“«–°“√µ“¬ Ÿß
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¥â“πÕ“¬ÿ ‡ªì π
°“√»÷°…“Õ“¬ÿ¢Õߪ√–™“°√«à“¡’§π
„π«— ¬ „¥«— ¬ Àπ÷Ë ß ¡“°πâ Õ ¬‡æ’ ¬ ß„¥
´÷Ë ß Õ“¬ÿ ª √–™“°√°Á ‡ ªì π  “‡Àµÿ · ≈–
º≈°√–∑∫¢Õߪ√“°Ø°“√≥å ∑ “ß
ª√–™“°√À≈“¬Õ¬à “ ߇™à 𠇥’ ¬ «°— ∫
Õß§å ª √–°Õ∫¥â “ π‡æ» ‡™à π ¡’ º ≈
µà Õ ¿“«–‡®√‘ ≠ æ— π ∏ÿå ‚¥¬æ◊È π ∑’Ë „ ¥¡’
®”π«π§π‡°‘ ¥ ¡“°„π¢≥–∑’Ë ¡’ § π
·π«‚π⡺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬

µ“¬πâÕ¬¬àÕ¡¡’®”π«πª√–™“°√«—¬
‡¥Á ° ¡“°  à « πæ◊È π ∑’Ë ¡’ ª √–™“°√«— ¬
 ŸßÕ“¬ÿ®”π«π¡“°¬àÕ¡¡’º≈µàÕ¿“«–
°“√µ“¬ Ÿß ·≈–∂â“æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„¥¡’ª√–™“
°√«— ¬ Àπÿà ¡  “«∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ·√ßß“π∑“ß
‡»√…∞°‘®¡“°°Á¬àÕ¡¡’º≈µàÕ ∂“π-
¿“æ°“√ ¡√  °”≈— ß ·√ßß“π∑“ß
‡»√…∞°‘®√“¬‰¥â·≈–Õ“™’æ √«¡∑—Èß
°“√¬â“¬∂‘Ë𠇪ìπµâπ
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ßÕߧåª√–-
°Õ∫¥â“π‡æ»·≈–Õ“¬ÿ¢Õߪ√–™“°√
À√◊Õ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ ‚§√ß √â“ߪ√–™“°√
 “¡“√∂· ¥ß¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡ªì π ·ºπ¿Ÿ ¡‘
çæ’√–¡‘¥ª√–™“°√é (population
pyramid) ∑’Ë®–™à«¬„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡¢â“„®
·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë Ò · ¥ßæ’√–¡‘¥ª√–™“°√¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». ÚÙ¯-ÚıÙ¯
π”æ«—≈¬å °‘®√—°…å°ÿ≈
ª√–™“°√¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π·µà≈–
™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ«à“¡’‚§√ß √â“ߥâ“π‡æ»·≈–
Õ“¬ÿ≈—°…≥–‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ ·≈–®–¡’
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßµàÕ‰ªÕ¬à“߉√ ‡π◊ËÕß
®“°æ’ √ –¡‘ ¥ ª√–™“°√‡ªì π ·ºπ¿Ÿ ¡‘
· ¥ß°“√°√–®“¬ª√–™“°√µ“¡°≈ÿà¡
Õ“¬ÿ · ≈–‡æ»‡ªì π ™à « ß ™à«ß≈– ı ªï
‡√‘Ë¡µ—Èß·µà -Ù ªï ‡ªìπ∞“πæ’√–¡‘¥
™à « ß·√°„π°≈ÿà ¡ ª√–™“°√«— ¬ ‡¥Á °
™à«ßµàÕ‰ªÕ“¬ÿ ı-˘ ªï ‰ª‡√◊ËÕ¬ Ê ®π
°√–∑—Ëß∂÷ßÕ“¬ÿ ¯ı ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª‡ªìπ™à«ß
 ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬  à « πª√–™“°√·µà ≈ –‡æ»
· ¥ß‡ªìπÕ—µ√“ à«π√âÕ¬·≈–°√–®“¬
‰ªµ“¡°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ °”Àπ¥„Àâª√–™“°√
‡æ»™“¬Õ¬Ÿà∑“ߴ⓬¡◊Õ¢Õßæ’√–¡‘¥
73
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
 à«πª√–™“°√‡æ»À≠‘ßÕ¬Ÿà∑“ߢ«“
¡◊ Õ ´÷Ë ß æ’ √ –¡‘ ¥ π’È ∑”„Àâ ∑ √“∫«à “ ¡’
ª√–™“°√·µà ≈ –°≈ÿà ¡ Õ“¬ÿ ¡ “°πâ Õ ¬
‡æ’ ¬ ß„¥‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π À√◊ Õ ≈¥≈߇ª≈’Ë ¬ π
·ª≈߉ª®“°Õ¥’µÕ¬à“߉√
°“√ √â “ ßæ’ √ –¡‘ ¥ ª√–™“°√π’È
‰¥â „ ™â ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ®“°°“√∑” ”¡–‚π
ª√–™“°√ æ.». ÚÙ¯-ÚıÙÛ ·≈–
¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ √–À«à “ ßªï  ”¡–‚πª√–™“°√
æ.». ÚıÙ¯ °“√∑’Ë„™â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¬âÕπ°≈—∫
‰ª‡°◊Õ∫ ˜ ªï °Á‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ·π«‚πâ¡
ª√–™“°√·µà ≈ –°≈ÿà ¡ Õ“¬ÿ «à “ ¡’ ° “√
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß„¥ ·≈–
‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß„π°≈ÿà ¡ Õ“¬ÿ ª √–™“°√
°≈ÿà¡„¥ ¥—ß·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë Ò (¿“§ºπ«°
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò)
®“°æ’√–¡‘¥ª√–™“°√¥—ß°≈à“«
®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ ≈—°…≥–æ’√–¡‘¥ª√–™“°√
¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ µ—ßÈ ·µà æ.». ÚÙ¯-
ÚıÒÛ ‡ªì π æ’ √ –¡‘ ¥ √Ÿ ª ‡®¥’ ¬å ‚¥¬
∞“πæ’ √ –¡‘ ¥ °«â “ ß · ¥ß«à “ ¡’ Õ— µ √“
°“√‡°‘¥∑’Ë Ÿß¡“° ·≈–®“° à«π∞“π
¢÷È π ‰ª‡«â “ ‡¢â “ ‰ª¡“°¢≥–¢÷È π  Ÿà  à « π
¬Õ¥ · ¥ß«à“¡’Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬„πÕ¥’µ
∑’Ë ¬— ß Õ¬Ÿà „ π‡°≥±å  Ÿ ß °“√∑’Ë ™à « ßπ’È
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’Õ—µ√“‡°‘¥ Ÿß‡π◊ËÕß®“°
‡ªìπ™à«ß∑’˪√–‡∑»µâÕß°“√·√ßß“π
®”π«π¡“° ‡æ◊Ëՙ૬„π°“√æ—≤π“
ª√–‡∑»¿“¬À≈—ߠߧ√“¡‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë
Û
‡æÁ≠æ√ ∏’√– «— ¥‘Ï. ÚıÙ : Àπâ“ Úˆ.
Ú ‚¥¬¡’°“√ à߇ √‘¡·≈– π—∫ πÿπ
À≈“¬ Ê «‘∏‡’ æ◊ÕË ∑”„Àâª√–™“°√¡’∫µÿ √
º≈¢Õß°“√ à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ ¥— ß °≈à “ «∑”„Àâ
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’®”π«π‡¥Á°‡°‘¥‡°‘πªï
≈– Ò ≈â“π§π∂÷ß Ú ªï (æ.». Úıˆ-
ÚıÚˆ) ·≈–®“° æ.». ÚıÚÛ-
ÚıÙ¯ ≈— ° …≥–æ’ √ –¡‘ ¥ ª√–™“°√
‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ√Ÿª‡®¥’¬å∞“π Õ∫Û ‚¥¬
∞“πæ’√–¡‘¥·§∫≈ß·≈–®“°∞“π¢÷Èπ
‰ª‡√‘Ë¡¢¬“¬°«â“ßÕÕ°„π°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ∑’Ë
 Ÿß¢÷Èπ ·≈â«®÷߇«â“‡¢â“·≈–≈“¥¢÷Èπ Ÿà
 à«π¬Õ¥ · ¥ß«à“°“√∑’ˇ§¬¡’¿“«–
‡®√‘ ≠ æ— π ∏ÿå  Ÿ ß ¡“°à Õ π‰¥â ≈ ¥≈ßÕ¬à “ ß
¡“°·≈–√«¥‡√Á« ®”π«π°“√‡°‘¥≈¥≈ß
74
„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π¿“«–°“√µ“¬≈¥≈ß
∑”„Àâ à«π°≈“ߢÕßæ’√–¡‘¥¢¬“¬¢÷Èπ
ª√–™“°√∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π«—¬‡¥Á°™à«ß æ.».
ÚÙ¯ ‡ªìπµâπ¡“ ‰¥â‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ
¢÷Èπ ¡’º≈∑”„Àâ®”π«πª√–™“°√«—¬
∑”ß“π‡æ‘Ë¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ °“√∑’˪√–™“°√«—¬
∑”ß“π‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π °à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ º≈¥’ „ π·ßà
‡»√…∞°‘®‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫ª√–™“°√«—¬
‡¥Á° „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—πª√–™“°√ºŸâ Ÿß
Õ“¬ÿ°Á¡’·π«‚π⡇æ‘Ë¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ¥â«¬ ®“°
æ.». ÚÙ˘ ‡ªìπ™à«ß∑’Ë¡’ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– Ù.Ú ¢Õߪ√–™“°√∑—Èß
À¡¥ ‰¥â‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– Ò.Òı
„π æ.». ÚıÙ¯ ¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò
·π«‚π⡺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò · ¥ßÕ—µ√“√âÕ¬≈–¢Õߪ√–™“°√®”·π°µ“¡°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ æ.». ÚÙ¯-ÚıÙ¯

°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ °≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ °≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ §π‰¡à„™à

ªï ”¡–‚πœ ‰¡à∑√“∫ √«¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
-ÒÙ ªï Òı-ı˘ ªï ˆ ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª  —≠™“µ‘‰∑¬
ÚÙ¯ ÙÚ.ÙÙ ıÚ.˜Ò Ù.¯Û .Ú - Ò
ÚÙ˘ ÙÚ.Ú¯ ıÛ.Ùˆ Ù.Ú .ˆ - Ò
ÚıÛ ÙÛ.ÒÒ ıÚ.ÒÒ Ù.ˆ .Ò¯ - Ò
ÚıÒÛ Ùı.¯ Ù˘.˘Ò Ù.¯˘ .ÒÚ - Ò
ÚıÚÛ Û¯.Û ıˆ.Úı ı.Ùı - - Ò
ÚıÛÛ Ú˘.ÚÙ ˆÛ.Ù ˜.Ûˆ - - Ò
ÚıÙÛ ÚÙ.Û˜ ˆˆ.ÒÚ ˘.ıÒ - - Ò
ÚıÙ¯ ÚÒ.ÚÙ ˆˆ.ÛÚ Ò.Òı Ò.Ú˘ Ò. Ò
·À≈àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ : æ.». ÚÙ¯, ÚÙ˘ ®“° ”¡–‚π§√—« ®—¥∑”‚¥¬°√–∑√«ß¡À“¥‰∑¬
æ.». ÚıÛ ®“° ”¡–‚πª√–™“°√ ®—¥∑”‚¥¬ ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘
æ.». ÚıÛ-ÚıÙÛ ®“° ”¡–‚πª√–™“°√·≈–‡§À– ®—¥∑”‚¥¬ ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘
æ.». ÚıÙ¯ ®“°ª√–¡«≈¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». ÚıÙ˘ ®—¥∑”‚¥¬ ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘

®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò °”Àπ¥·∫à ß
°≈ÿà ¡ Õ“¬ÿ ª √–™“°√∑’Ë „ ™â »÷ ° …“‡ªì π
Û °≈ÿà¡ §◊Õ ª√–™“°√«—¬‡¥Á°Õ“¬ÿ
-ÒÙ ªï ª√–™“°√«—¬·√ßß“πÕ“¬ÿ
Òı-ı˘ ªï ·≈–ª√–™“°√«—¬ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
Õ“¬ÿ¡“°°«à“ ˆ ªï¢π÷È ‰ª ∂â“æ‘®“√≥“
®“°°≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ æ∫«à“
ª√–™“°√ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ‰ ¥â ‡ æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π „π — ¥
 à«π∑’ Ë ߟ ‚¥¬ æ.». ÚÙ¯ ¡’º Ÿâ ߟ Õ“¬ÿ
ˆ˘˘,Ú¯Û §π ®”π«πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿπ’È
¡’·π«‚π⡇æ‘Ë¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬ Ê „π™à«ß
‡«≈“∑’˺à“π¡“®π∂÷ß æ.». ÚıÙ¯ ¡’
®”π«πºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ∂÷ ß ˆ,ÛÛı,˘¯¯
§π §‘¥‡ªìπÕ—µ√“∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
ª√–¡“≥ ˘.Ò ‡∑à“ „π¢≥–∑’˪√–-
™“°√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.».
ÚÙ¯ ¡’ª√–™“°√ ÒÙ,ÙˆÙ,Òı
§π ·≈–„π æ.». ÚıÙ¯ ¡’ª√–™“°√
ˆÚ,ÙÒ¯,ıÙ §π §‘¥‡ªìπÕ—µ√“∑’Ë
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ Ù.Û ‡∑à“ ¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú
·≈–®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú · ¥ß«à“
ª√–™“°√¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬°”≈— ß ¡’
ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«‡¡◊ÕË ‡∑’¬∫
°—∫®”π«πª√–™“°√∑—ßÈ À¡¥ ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°
°“√¡’Õ“¬ÿ∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ¢Õߪ√–™“°√‡ªìπ
º≈¡“®“°°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß¿“«–
‡®√‘≠æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë∑”„Àâ®”π«π·≈– —¥ à«π
¢Õߪ√–™“°√«—¬‡¥Á°≈¥≈ß ·µà®”π«π
·≈– — ¥  à « π¢Õߪ√–™“°√ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ
°≈—∫‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ µ—Èß·µà æ.». ÚıÛ
‡ªìπµâπ ¥—ß·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë Ú ª√–°Õ∫°—∫
°“√æ—≤π“¥â“π«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ‡∑§‚π-
‚≈¬’ ¥â“π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å
∑’ˇ®√‘≠°â“«Àπâ“¡“°¢÷Èπ·≈–°√–®“¬
Õ¬à“ß∑—«Ë ∂÷ß √«¡∑—ßÈ ª√–™“°√ à«π„À≠à
‡¢â“∂÷ß∫√‘°“√¥â“π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢®÷ß àß
º≈„ÀâÕ—µ√“µ“¬¢Õߪ√–™“°√≈¥≈ß
∑”„Àâ Õ “¬ÿ ¢ Õߪ√–™“°√ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ
¬◊𬓫¢÷Èπ ·¡â«à“ª√–™“°√∑ÿ°°≈ÿà¡
Õ“¬ÿ ∑—È ß ‡æ»™“¬·≈–‡æ»À≠‘ ß ®–¡’
¿“«–°“√µ“¬≈¥≈ß ·µà ª √–™“°√
‡æ»™“¬®–¡’¿“«–°“√µ“¬¡“°°«à“
‡æ»À≠‘ß„π∑ÿ°°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ºŸâ Ÿß
Õ“¬ÿ®–ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‡æ»À≠‘ß¡“°°«à“
‡æ»™“¬ ¥—ß·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë Û ´÷Ëß –∑âÕπ
„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß°“√µ“¬∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“Õ“¬ÿ®–∂÷ß
ˆ ªï¢Õ߇滙“¬ ∑”„ÀâÕ—µ√“ à«π
‡æ»¢Õߪ√–™“°√Õ“¬ÿ ˆ ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª
Õ¬Ÿàª√–¡“≥ ¯-¯ı

π”æ«—≈¬å °‘®√—°…å°ÿ≈
75
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú · ¥ß®”π«π·≈–√âÕ¬≈–¢Õߪ√–™“°√Õ“¬ÿ ˆ ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª æ.». ÚÙ¯-ÚıÙ¯

®”π«πª√–™“°√ ®”π«πª√–™“°√Õ“¬ÿ ˆ ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª √âÕ¬≈–¢Õߪ√–™“°√

ªï ”¡–‚πœ
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ™“¬ À≠‘ß √«¡ Õ“¬ÿ ˆ ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª
ÚÙ¯ ÒÙ,ÙˆÙ,Òı ÛıÒ,Û¯˘ ÛÙ˜,¯˘Ù ˆ˘˘,Ú¯Û Ù.¯Û
ÚÙ˘ Ò˜,ÙÙÚ,ˆ¯˘ Ûı,˜˜ı Û¯Ò,ÛıÒ ˜ÛÚ,ÒÚˆ Ù.Ú
ÚıÛ Úˆ,Úı˜,¯ˆ ııÙ,˘˘ ˆıÛ,Ûˆ Ò,Ú¯,ÚÒı Ù.ˆ
ÚıÒÛ ÛÙ,Û˘˜,Û˜Ù ˜ˆÙ,ÙÒÙ ˘Òˆ,ˆÒ Ò,ˆ¯Ò,ÚÙ Ù.¯˘
ÚıÚÛ ÙÙ,¯ÚÙ,ıÙ Ò,ÒÒˆ,ıÒı Ò,ÛÚ¯,˜ˆı Ú,ÙÙı,Ú¯ ı.Ùı
ÚıÛÛ ıÙ,ıÙ¯,ıÛ Ò,¯ı˘,Ûˆˆ Ú,Òı˜,ı¯˜ Ù,Òˆ,˘ıÛ ˜.Ûˆ
ÚıÙÛ ˆ,˘Òˆ,ÙÙÒ Ú,ˆÒÚ,˘˜˜ Û,Ò˜˘,˘˘Û ı,˜˘Ú,˘˜ ˘.ıÒ
ÚıÙ¯ ˆÚ,ÙÒ¯,ıÙ Ú,¯ÛÙ,˜˘Û Û,ıÒ,Ò˘ı ˆ,ÛÛı,˘¯¯ Ò.Òı
·À≈àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ : ·À≈àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈‡¥’¬«°—∫µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò

·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë Ú · ¥ß®”π«πª√–™“°√Õ“¬ÿ ˆ ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª æ.». ÚÙ¯-ÚıÙ¯

6.34
7 5.79
6
5 4.02

4
2.40
3 1.68
1.21
2 0.70 0.73
1
0
2480 2490 2503 2513 2523 2533 2543 2548

·π«‚π⡺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
76
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë Û · ¥ß®”π«πª√–™“°√Õ“¬ÿ ˆ ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª ®”·π°µ“¡‡æ» æ.». ÚÙ¯-ÚıÙ¯

4.0 3.5
3.18
3.5 2.83
2.61
3.0
2.16
2.5 1.86
2.0 1.33
1.11
1.5 0.92
0.76
0.55 0.65
1.0 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.38
0.5
0.0
2480 2490 2503 2513 2523 2533 2543 2548

™“¬
˭ԧ

‰¥â°≈à“«·≈â««à“§π‰∑¬¡’Õ“¬ÿ¬π◊ ÛÒ.ˆ ªï ·≈–‡æ»À≠‘ßÕ“¬ÿ Û˜.ı ªï ™“¬Õ“¬ÿ ˆ˘ ªï ‡æ»À≠‘ßÕ“¬ÿ ˜ˆ ªï

¢÷Èπ π—Ëπ§◊ÕÕ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ (lifespan)
¢Õߧπ‰∑¬ Ÿß¢÷Èπ §◊Õ°“√¡’Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬
‡©≈’ˬ∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°Õ¥’µ ‚¥¬ æ.».
ÚÙ˜Ú °Õß ∂‘µ‘ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ °√¡
 “∏“√≥ ÿ ¢ Ù ª√–¡“≥«à “ Õ“¬ÿ ¢— ¬
‡©≈’ˬ‡¡◊ËÕ·√°‡°‘¥‡æ»™“¬®–¡’Õ“¬ÿ
®“°π—Èπ¡“Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ¢Õߪ√–™“°√
§àÕ¬ Ê ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬ Ê ¥—ߺ≈ ”√«®
¢Õß ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘ æ∫«à“
§«“¡¬◊𬓫¢Õß™’«‘µ§π‰∑¬®–‡æ‘Ë¡
¢÷Èπ ¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë Û ‚¥¬ æ.». ÚıÙ˘
§π‰∑¬Õ“¬ÿ¬◊π¢÷Èπ Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ‡æ»
√«¡∑—ßÈ ‰¥âª√–¡“≥«à“Õ’° Ò ªï¢“â ßÀπâ“
Õ“¬ÿ ¢— ¬ ‡©≈’Ë ¬ ‡æ»™“¬‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π ‡ªì π
˜Ò ªï ·≈–‡æ»À≠‘ ß Õ“¬ÿ ˜¯ ªï
„π æ.». Úıı˘ §ß®–µâÕߧլ¥Ÿ°“√
§“¥ª√–¡“≥°—πµàÕ‰ª

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û · ¥ßÕ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ¢Õߪ√–™“°√‰∑¬·≈–ª√–¡“≥°“√ æ.». Úıı˘

ªï ”¡–‚πœ ™“¬ À≠‘ß

ÚıÒ˘ ı¯ ˆÙ
ÚıÛ˘ ˆ¯ ˜ı
ÚıÙ˘ ˆ˘ ˜ˆ
Úıı˘ ˜Ò ˜¯
·À≈àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ :  ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘  ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’

Ù
∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å æ√æ‘∫Ÿ≈¬å ÚıÙÚ : Àπâ“ ÒÙˆ.

π”æ«—≈¬å °‘®√—°…å°ÿ≈
77
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

°“√∑’ËÕ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ‡¡◊ËÕ·√°‡°‘¥ Ú. ≈¥¿“«–°“√µ“¬„π°≈ÿà ¡ ·≈–°≈ÿà¡Õ“°“√‰µæ‘°“√ ªÕ¥Õ—°‡ ∫

‡æ‘Ë ¡  Ÿ ß ¢÷È π ¡“®“°ªí ® ®— ¬  ”§— ≠ §◊ Õ
°“√≈¥¿“«–°“√µ“¬¢Õߪ√–™“°√
∑ÿ°°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ ‰¥â·°à
Ò. ≈¥¿“«–°“√µ“¬¢Õߪ√–-
™“°√«—¬∑“√°·≈–‡¥Á° §«√‡√‘Ë¡µ—Èß·µà
·π–π”„Àâ µ√’¡’§√√¿å Ω“°§√√¿å·≈–
§≈Õ¥∫ÿµ√„π ∂“π∑’Ë∑’˪≈Õ¥¿—¬∑—Èß
·¡à · ≈–‡¥Á ° ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√§≈Õ¥
∫ÿµ√„π ∂“π欓∫“≈¢Õß√—∞ °“√„Àâ
¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—π‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥Õ—µ√“°“√‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬
·≈–°“√µ“¬¢Õß«— ¬ ∑“√°·≈–‡¥Á °
‡°’ˬ«°—∫‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ∂â“ “¡“√∂≈¥
Õ— µ √“°“√µ“¬¢Õߪ√–™“°√«— ¬ ‡√‘Ë ¡
µâ π ¥— ß °≈à “ «‰¥â ® –™à « ¬‡æ‘Ë ¡ Õ“¬ÿ ¢— ¬
‡©≈’ˬ¢Õߪ√–™“°√‰¥â‡°◊Õ∫ Ú ªïı
ª√–™“°√«—¬·√ßß“π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√
µ“¬∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‚√§∑’Ë¡’º≈¡“®“°°“√
æ—≤π“∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π-
‚≈¬’ °“√æ—≤π“∑“߇»√…∞°‘® °“√
∫√‘°“√µà“ß Ê ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ
¢Õߪ√–™“°√∫“ß°≈ÿà ¡ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π‰ª
∑”„Àâ ¡’ ¿ “«–°“√µ“¬∑’Ë ¡’   “‡Àµÿ ¡ “
®“°‚√§‡Õ¥ å Õÿ∫µ— ‡‘ Àµÿ®“°°“√®√“®√
°“√¶“µ°√√¡ ∑’Ë¡—°®–‡°‘¥°—∫ª√–-
™“°√«—¬Àπÿ¡à  “«∑’®Ë –¥÷ßÕ“¬ÿ¢¬— ‡©≈’¬Ë
¢Õߧπ‰∑¬„Àâ πâ Õ ¬≈ß πÕ°®“°π’È
∂â “  “¡“√∂≈¥Õ— µ √“µ“¬∑’Ë ¡ “®“°
‚√§√–∫“¥µà“ß Ê ·≈–‚√§∑’Ë “¡“√∂
ªÑÕß°—π‰¥â ‡™àπ ‚√§À—«„® §«“¡¥—π
‚≈À‘µ Ÿß ‡∫“À«“π ‚√§‡°’ˬ«°—∫µ—∫
·≈–‚√§Õ◊Ëπ Ê ‡°’ˬ«°—∫ªÕ¥ ´÷Ëß°“√
≈¥¿“«–°“√µ“¬‡¡◊ËÕ¬—߉¡à∂÷ß«—¬Õ—π
 ¡§«√¥—ß°≈à“«®–™à«¬¥÷ß„ÀâÕ“¬ÿ¢—¬
‡©≈’Ë ¬ ¢Õߪ√–™“°√ Ÿ ß ¢÷È π √«¡∑—È ß
ª√–™“°√∑ÿ ° §π§«√™à « ¬°— π ¥Ÿ · ≈
 ÿ ¢ ¿“æ¢Õßµπ‡æ◊Ë Õ ®–∑”„Àâ Õ “¬ÿ
¬◊ 𠬓«¢÷È π °Á ® –‡ªì π º≈™à « ¬‡æ‘Ë ¡ §à “
‡©≈’Ë ¬ Õ“¬ÿ ¢— ¬ ¢Õߪ√–™“°√‰∑¬„Àâ
 Ÿß¢÷Èπ‰¥â ·µà§ß‰¡àµâÕß∂÷ß¡’Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬
‡©≈’Ë ¬ ‡∑à “ °— ∫ ª√–™“°√„πª√–‡∑»
≠’Ë ªÿÉ π ∑’Ë ¡’ Õ “¬ÿ ¢— ¬ ‡©≈’Ë ¬  Ÿ ß ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ À√◊ Õ
∫“ߪ√–‡∑»„π∑«’ ª ¬ÿ ‚√ª „π¢≥–
‡¥’¬«°—π°Á‰¡à§«√„ÀâµË”‡∑à“ª√–‡∑»
„π∑«’ª·Õø√‘°“À√◊Õª√–‡∑»„π∑«’ª
‡Õ‡™’¬∫“ߪ√–‡∑» ¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ù

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ù · ¥ßÕ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ Ÿß ÿ¥·≈–µË” ÿ¥¢Õߪ√–™“°√∫“ߪ√–‡∑» æ.». ÚıÙ¯

ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ Ÿß ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬµË”
ª√–‡∑» Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ (ªï) ª√–‡∑» Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬‡©≈’ˬ (ªï)
≠’˪ÿÉπ ¯Ú ´Ÿ¥“π ı˜
 «’‡¥π ¯Ò °—¡æŸ™“ ıˆ
Ω√—Ë߇»  ¯ ‡Õ∏‘‚Õ‡ªï¬ Ù¯
·§π“¥“ ¯ ‰π®’‡√’¬ ÙÙ
ÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬ ¯ Õ—ø°“π‘ ∂“π ÙÚ
·À≈àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ : 2005 World Population Data Sheet of the Population Reference Bureau

ı
ª√“‚¡∑¬å ª√– “∑°ÿ≈ ÚıÙ˘ : Àπâ“ ı.

·π«‚π⡺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
78

°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µÕ¬à“ß¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢ ∑”°‘®°√√¡Õ◊Ëπ Ê ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√ºàÕπ „π‡¢µ™π∫∑ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– ˆ˘ ·≈–
¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ §≈“¬§«“¡‡§√’¬¥µà“ß Ê ·≈–™à«¬„Àâ Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„π‡¡◊Õߪ√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– ÛÒ
°“√∑’Ë  — ß §¡‰∑¬„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¡’
°“√ª√—∫‡ª≈’Ë¬π®“°§√Õ∫§√—«¢¬“¬
‡ªìπ§√Õ∫§√—«‡¥’ˬ«¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡æ√“–
‡¡◊ËÕ∫ÿµ√∑’Ë·µàßß“π·≈â« à«π„À≠à®–
¬â“¬§√Õ∫§√—«ÕÕ°‰ª®–¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈
‡√◊ËÕߢÕß ∂“π∑’Ë∑”ß“πÀ√◊ÕµâÕß°“√
¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ∑’Ë¡’Õ‘ √– ‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–‡ªìπ
§√Õ∫§√—«„À≠à·≈–Õ¬Ÿ√à «à ¡°—π®÷ß¡’πÕâ ¬
„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—πæàÕ·¡à´÷Ë߇§¬Õ¬Ÿà„π
«—¬Àπÿà¡ “«¡“°àÕπ°Áª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ¡“
‡ªìπºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ∫“ߧπÕ¬ŸÕà ¬à“ß
Õ‘ √– ∫“ߧπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§√Õ∫§√—«∫ÿµ√
À≈“πÀ√◊Õ¡’≠“µ‘§Õ¬¥Ÿ·≈ ‰¡à«à“ºŸâ Ÿß
Õ“¬ÿ ® –Õ¬Ÿà „ π§√Õ∫§√— « ≈— ° …≥–„¥
 à«π„À≠à¡°— ¡’ ¿“æ√à“ß°“¬‡ ◊ÕË ¡∂Õ¬
≈ß∑ÿ°¥â“π·≈–∑√ÿ¥‚∑√¡‰ª®“°™à«ß
Õ“¬ÿ∑’˺à“π¡“ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ®–‰¡à¡’§«“¡
 ÿ¢°—∫ ¿“æ√à“ß°“¬∑’ˇª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
¡“°π—° ¥—ßπ—πÈ  ‘ßË ∑’®Ë –™à«¬„À⺠Ÿâ ߟ Õ“¬ÿ
¥”‡π‘ π ™’ «‘ µ „π™à « ߇«≈“∑’Ë ‡ À≈◊ Õ Õ¬Ÿà
Õ¬à“ß¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–§«“¡ ÿ¢
∑“ß®‘µ„® ‰¥â·°àªí®®—¬µà“ß Ê §◊Õ
Ò. µ—«ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ®–¡’
§«“¡ ÿ¢‰¥â§«√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µª√–®”«—π
¥—ßπ’È
Ò.Ò ¡’§«“¡ ¥™◊πË ¡’Õ“√¡≥å
¥’ ·≈–‰¡àÀßÿ¥Àß‘¥ßà“¬µàÕ ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê
∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà√Õ∫µ—«·≈– ‘Ëß∑’ˇªìπ°“√¥”‡π‘π
™’«‘µª√–®”«—π ¬Õ¡√—∫·≈–∑”„®„Àâ
 ß∫·≈–ª≈àÕ¬«“ߪí≠À“∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ∑’Ë
‰¡àÕ“®·°â‰¢‰¥â √«¡∑—È߬ա√—∫ ‘Ëß∑’Ë
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π™à«ß∫—Èπª≈“¬¢Õß™’«‘µ
Ò.Ú §«√À“ß“πÕ¥‘‡√°À√◊Õ
π”æ«—≈¬å °‘®√—°…å°ÿ≈
„™â‡«≈“«à“ß„À⇪ìπª√–‚¬™πå ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π‡¢µ‡¡◊Õߧ«√¡’°‘®°√√¡ ‡™àπ
Õà“πÀπ—ß ◊Õ Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æåÀ√◊ÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ
Õ◊Ëπ Ê ∑’Ë π„® øíß¢à“« ¥Ÿ∑’«’ ™à«¬¥Ÿ·≈
≈Ÿ°À≈“𠉪ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬À√◊Õæ—°
ºàÕπ„π «π “∏“√≥– ‰ª«—¥„π«—π
æ√–‡æ◊ËÕøí߇∑»πåÀ√◊Õ∂◊Õ»’≈·ª¥∑’Ë«—¥
„°≈â∫â“πÀ√◊Õ«—¥ ”§—≠∑’˵ππ—∫∂◊Õ
Ò.Û À“√“¬‰¥â‡≈Á° Ê πâÕ¬ Ê
‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¿“«–∑“߇»√…∞°‘ ® ºŸâ  Ÿ ß
Õ“¬ÿ«—¬µâπÕ“®¡’ ¿“æ√à“ß°“¬∑’ˬ—ß
æÕ “¡“√∂À“√“¬‰¥â ‡  √‘ ¡ ∂â “ Õ¬Ÿà
„π™π∫∑Õ“®ª≈Ÿ ° æ◊ ™ º— °  «π§√— «
∑”‡°…µ√°√√¡Õ◊Ëπ Ê ∑”À—µ∂°√√¡
ª√–‡¿∑®—° “π ª≈Ÿ°À¡àÕπ‡≈’Ȭ߉À¡
‡æ◊ËÕ∑պⓠ à«πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„π‡¢µ‡¡◊Õß
∑’ˇªìπ™ÿ¡™π·ÕÕ—¥Õ“®„™â«‘∏’√—∫¥Ÿ·≈
‡¥Á° ¢“¬¢ÕßÀ√◊Õß“πÕ◊Ëπ Ê ‡æ◊ËÕÀ“
√“¬‰¥â®ÿπ‡®◊Õ§√Õ∫§√—« ´÷Ëß°“√∑”
ß“π¥—ß°≈à“«¬—߉¥âª√–‚¬™πå∑“ßÕâÕ¡
‡æ√“–√à “ ß°“¬‰¥â ¡’ ° “√‡§≈◊Ë Õ π‰À«
·≈–ÕÕ°°”≈—߉ª„πµ—«„π¢≥–ªØ‘∫—µ‘
ß“π
Ú. §√Õ∫§√—«·≈–™ÿ¡™π ¡’
 à«π™à«¬„À⺟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿÕ¬ŸàÕ¬à“ß¡’§«“¡
 ÿ¢ ‰¥â·°à
Ú.Ò ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‰¥â√—∫§«“¡
‡§“√æπ—∫∂◊Õ®“°∫ÿµ√À≈“π ∫ÿ§§≈
„π§√Õ∫§√—«∑’ˇªìπ∫ÿµ√À≈“π¡’§«“¡
 “¡—§§’·≈–§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑’Ë¥’µàÕ°—π
∫ÿµ√À≈“π‡ªìπ§π¥’  ”‡√Á®°“√»÷°…“
·≈–¡’ß“π∑” ®“°°“√ ”√«®ª√–™“°√
 ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‰∑¬æ∫«à“ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà
79
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
´÷ËߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π‡¢µ™π∫∑¡—°®–
Õ¬Ÿà„π§√Õ∫§√—«¢¬“¬∑’Ë¡’∫ÿµ√À≈“π
≠“µ‘ æ’Ë πâ Õ ßÀ≈“¬√ÿà π Õ¬Ÿà √à « ¡°— π ¡’
‚Õ°“ æŸ¥§ÿ¬‡ªìπ§√Õ∫§√—«∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
 ÿ¢·≈–¡’§«“¡Õ∫Õÿàπ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ°≈ÿà¡π’È
‰¡àπà“‡ªìπÀà«ß  à«πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„π‡¡◊Õß
∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π§√Õ∫§√—«‡¥’ˬ«¡’∫ÿµ√À≈“π
Õ¬Ÿ¥à «â ¬·µàµÕâ ßÕÕ°‰ª∑”ß“ππÕ°∫â“π
√«¡∑—ÈߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’Ë¡’∫ÿµ√«—¬Àπÿà¡ “«
∑’Ë ¡’ ß “π∑”·¬°§√— « ‡√◊ Õ π‰ªÕ¬Ÿà „ π∑’Ë
Õ“»—¬¢π“¥‡≈Á° ‡™àπ ÀâÕ߇™à“ ∑“«πå-
‡Œ“ å §Õπ‚¥¡‘‡π’¬¡ ‰¡à “¡“√∂π”
ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‰ªÕ¬Ÿà¥â«¬‰¥â ª≈àÕ¬„À⺟⠟ß
Õ“¬ÿÕ¬Ÿàµ“¡≈”æ—ß ´÷Ëß·π«‚π⡧√Õ∫
§√—«‡¥’¬Ë «¢π“¥‡≈Á°π—∫«—π®–¡’¡“°¢÷πÈ
 «π∑“ß°— ∫ ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ∑’Ë π— ∫ «— π ®–¡’
¡“°¢÷Èπ·≈–µâÕß°“√°“√¥Ÿ·≈ ¥—ßπ—Èπ
™ÿ ¡ ™ππà “ ®–„Àâ § «“¡™à « ¬‡À≈◊ Õ ‰¥â
‚¥¬°“√√«¡°≈ÿࡇæ◊ËÕ„À⺟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿ‰¥â
ÕÕ°¡“æ∫ª–ºŸâ ∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà „ π«— ¬ ‡¥’ ¬ «°— π
À√◊Õ∑”°‘®°√√¡¥â“π»“ π“ °‘®°√√¡
À— µ ∂°√√¡√à « ¡°— π √«¡∑—È ß ™à « ¬À“
Õ“À“√ ™à«¬®—¥¬“µ“¡§” —Ëß·æ∑¬å
„π™à«ß‡«≈“°≈“ß«—π°√≥’∑’Ë∫ÿµ√À≈“π
ÕÕ°‰ª∑”ß“ππÕ°∫â“π
„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’Ë∫ÿµ√
À≈“π·¬°‰ª √â “ ߧ√Õ∫§√— « „À¡à
ª≈àÕ¬„À⺟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿÕ¬Ÿàµ“¡≈”æ—ß∫“ß
§√—È߬—ßπ”À≈“π¡“„Àâ™à«¬‡≈’È¬ß §«√
À“‚Õ°“ ¡“¥Ÿ · ≈À√◊ Õ  à ß ‡ ’ ¬ ‡ß‘ π „Àâ
‡ªìπ§à“„™â®“à ¬ ¡“‡¬’¬Ë ¡‡¬’¬π ¥Ÿ·≈¬“¡
‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬ °“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘¥—ß°≈à“«∂◊Õ«à“¡’
§«“¡ ”§—≠µàÕ®‘µ„®ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’˧‘¥«à“
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
µπ‡Õß°Á¬ß— ¡’∑æ’Ë ß÷Ë ¬“¡∑’µË Õâ ß°“√§«“¡
™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ
Ú.Ú ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ∑Õ’Ë ¬Ÿ„à π™π∫∑
‰¡à§àÕ¬¡’√“¬‰¥â  à«π¡“°∫ÿµ√À≈“π
®–Õæ¬æ‡¢â“¡“∑”ß“π„π‡¡◊Õß ºŸâ Ÿß
Õ“¬ÿ‡À≈à“π’ È «à π¡“°„™â‡«≈“«à“ß∑”°“√
‡°…µ√‡≈Á° Ê πâÕ¬ Ê °“√Õÿª‚¿§·≈–
∫√‘‚¿§‡ªìπ·∫∫ßà“¬ Ê √“¬‰¥â¢Õß
∫ÿµ√À≈“π∑’Ë àß¡“„Àâ®÷߇°Á∫‰«â„™â„π
™à«ß∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡®”‡ªìπ ¥—ßπ—πÈ ∫ÿµ√À≈“π
∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ‰ ¥â Õ ¬Ÿà °— ∫ ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ § «√ à ß ‡ß‘ π
¡“®ÿπ‡®◊ՙ૬‡À≈◊Õ·¡â®–‰¡à¡“°π—°
°Á¢Õ„Àâ àß¡“Õ¬à“ß ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ
Ú.Û °“√®—¥∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬„Àâ
ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ§«√„Àâ‡À¡“–°—∫ ¿“æ√à“ß°“¬
∑’ˇª≈’Ë¬π‰ª ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë
ÕàÕπ‡ª≈’Ȭ ¬°‡∑Ⓣ¥â‰¡à Ÿß ‡¥‘π –¥ÿ¥
À°≈⡵“¡∑’˵à“ß Ê ¿“¬„π∫â“π ´÷Ëß
‡ªìπº≈‡ ’¬„π°“√∫—Ëπ∑Õπ·≈–´È”‡µ‘¡
√à “ ß°“¬·≈–®‘ µ „®ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ¥— ß π—È π
§√Õ∫§√— « §«√‡µ√’ ¬ ¡∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà Õ “»— ¬ „Àâ
‡À¡“–‡æ◊ËÕ‰¡à„À⇰‘¥Õÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿ ‡æ√“–
Õÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿ “¡“√∂‡°‘¥‰¥â∑ÿ°π“∑’ °“√
ªÑÕß°—π®–¥’°«à“°“√√—°…“·≈–·°â‰¢
¿“¬À≈—ß §«√‡µ√’¬¡°“√‡∑à“∑’Ë·µà≈–
§√Õ∫§√—«®–∑”‰¥â ‡™àπ
Ú.Û.Ò ∫â “ π Õß™—È π À√◊ Õ
∫â “ π„µâ ∂ÿ π  Ÿ ß ∑’Ë ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß
¢÷Èπ≈ß §«√¡’√“«∫—π‰¥„Àâ¡—Ëπ§ßæÕ∑’Ë
®–‡°“–À√◊Õæ¬ÿßµ—«‰¥â ∂Ⓡªìπ‰ª‰¥â
°√≥’∑’Ë∫â“π Õß™—Èπ§«√®—¥„À⺟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿ
‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà™—Èπ≈à“ß
ˆ
 ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘ ÚıÙ¯ : Àπâ“ Ò.
Ú.Û.Ú ÀâÕßπÈ”§«√‡ªìπæ◊Èπ
∑’‡Ë ¥‘π·≈â« “°‡∑â“ §«√√–«—ßÕ¬à“„Àâ≈π◊Ë
°—È π  à « π∑’Ë Õ “∫πÈ” ‰¡à „ Àâ πÈ” ‰À≈πÕß
æ◊È π  à « πÕ◊Ë π ®ÿ ¥ ∑’Ë µâ Õ ß°“√°“√æ¬ÿ ß
µ—«§«√µ‘¥√“«‰«â„Àâ®—∫ ∫√‘‡«≥æ◊Èπ„µâ
Ωí°∫—«À√◊Õæ◊Èπ∑’ËÕ“∫πÈ”§«√¡’«— ¥ÿ°—π
≈◊ËπªŸ‰«â ‡ªî¥‰ø¥«ß‡≈Á° Ê „πÀâÕßπÈ”
·≈–∑“߇¥‘π‡¢â“ÀâÕßπÈ”‡æ◊ËÕ‰¡à„À⇥‘π
 –¥ÿ¥À°≈â¡  à«πÀâÕßπÈ”¢Õß∫â“π„π
™π∫∑Õ“®‰¡à “¡“√∂®—¥Õ¬à“ß∑’ˉ¥â
°≈à“«·≈⫉¥â ·µàÕ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ §√Õ∫
§√—«§«√®—¥„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡·≈–¥Ÿ·≈§«“¡
ª≈Õ¥¿—¬‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—πÕÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿ
Ú.Û.Û ∫√‘ ‡ «≥§√— « §«√
¥Ÿ · ≈„Àâ   –Õ“¥‰¡à ≈◊Ë π æ◊È π §√— « ∑’Ë ªŸ
°√–‡∫◊È Õ ßº‘ « ‡√’ ¬ ∫‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡ªï ¬ °πÈ” À√◊ Õ
¡’§√“∫πÈ”¡—π®–≈◊Ëπ∑”„ÀâÀ°≈â¡ßà“¬
¢Õß„™â∑ß—È À≈“¬§«√«“ß„À⇪ìπ√–‡∫’¬∫
‰¡à∑‘È߇°–°–
Ú.Û.Ù ‰¡à§«√«“ߺⓇ™Á¥
‡∑â“ æ√¡ ‰«âÀπâ“ÀâÕßπÈ” Àπâ“∫—π‰¥
À√◊ÕÀπⓇµ’¬ßπÕπ ‡æ√“–®–‡ªìπµâπ
‡ÀµÿÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ –¥ÿ¥≈â¡À√◊Õ≈◊Ëπ≈â¡
°√–¥Ÿ ° ¢â Õ ‡∑â “ ·µ° ¢â Õ ‡∑â “ ·æ≈ß
À√◊Õ»’√…–ø“¥æ◊È𠇪ìπµâπ
Ú.Û.ı ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ∑π’Ë Õπ‡µ’¬ß
§«√„Àâ¡’§«“¡ Ÿß‡æ’¬ßæÕ∑’Ë®–À¬àÕπ
µ—«≈ßπ—Ëß∫π‡µ’¬ß‰¥â –¥«° ¡’‰ø¥«ß
‡≈Á°∑’ˇÕ◊ÈÕ¡‰ª‡ªî¥ªî¥‰¥âßà“¬ √«¡∑—Èß
§«√„Àâ ¡’ ·  ß «à “ ß∑ÿ ° §√—È ß ∑’Ë ≈ÿ ° ®“°
‡µ’¬ß„π¬“¡§Ë”§◊π
Û.  «— ¥‘°“√®“°√—∞ ®“°°“√
80
∑’Ë‚§√ß √â“ߪ√–™“°√°”≈—߇√‘Ë¡Õ¬Ÿà„π
™à«ß∑’‡Ë √’¬°«à“ ¿“«–ª√–™“°√ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
(population ageing) ‚¥¬§“¥«à“Õ’°
ª√–¡“≥ Úı ªï¢â“ßÀπâ“ À√◊Õ¿“¬„π
ªï æ.». Úı˜Ûˆ ª√–™“°√ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
¢Õ߉∑¬®–¡’ª√–¡“≥ Òı ≈â“π§π
À√◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– Ú ¢Õߪ√–™“°√∑—ßÈ À¡¥
¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ·¡â«à“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¬—߉¡à
‡°‘ ¥ ªí ≠ À“¡“°π— ° ·µà ªí ≠ À“πà “ ®–
§àÕ¬ Ê ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπµ“¡®”π«πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
∑’Ë¡“°¢÷Èπ ¥—ßπ—Èπ Àπ૬ߓπ¢Õß√—∞
§«√„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠‡°’ˬ«°—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
µ—Èß·µà°“√‡µ√’¬¡§«“¡æ√âÕ¡‚¥¬„Àâ
§«“¡√Ÿâ ‡ ∫◊È Õ ßµâ π ·≈–°“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ— «
°à Õ π®–∂÷ ß «— ¬  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ °“√„Àâ § «“¡
™à « ¬‡À≈◊ Õ ∑“߇»√…∞°‘ ® ·≈– — ß §¡
°“√ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¡’ß“π∑”∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡
°“√ √â“ßÀ≈—°ª√–°—π¬“¡™√“ °“√
„Àâ ∫ √‘ ° “√¥â “ π ÿ ¢ ¿“æ·≈–Õπ“¡— ¬
‡æ◊Ë Õ ®–‡ªì π À≈— ° ª√–°— π «à “ ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ
‰∑¬®–¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’µ“¡§«√·°à
Õ—µ¿“æ ´÷Ëß√—∞ “¡“√∂„Àâ «— ¥‘°“√
§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ·≈–¥Ÿ·≈‰¥â„πÀ≈“¬
¥â“π¥â«¬°—𠇙àπ
Û.Ò °“√∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥–
‡æ◊Ë Õ Õ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°„π°√≥’ ∑’Ë
ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇¥‘π∑“ßÕÕ°‰ª
πÕ°∫â“𠉪∏ÿ√–À√◊Õ∑”ß“π √—∞§«√
®— ¥ √∂∫√‘ ° “√∑’Ë ¡’ ∑’Ë π—Ë ß  ”À√— ∫ ∑ÿ ° §π
·≈–®—¥°“√„Àâ “¡“√∂¢÷πÈ ≈߉¥â –¥«°
√«¡∑—Èßæπ—°ß“π¢—∫√∂‚¥¬ “√¡’®‘µ„®
‡Õ◊ÈÕ‡øóôÕ ‡¢â“„®„𧫓¡ÕàÕπ≈â“¢Õß
·π«‚π⡺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬

°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ ‰¡à„™à√’∫‰≈à„Àâ≈ß®“°√∂
‡√Á« Ê
 à « π∫√‘ ° “√Õ◊Ë π Ê ‰¥â · °à ®— ¥
∑“߇∑â “ √‘ ¡ ∂ππ‰¡à „ Àâ ¡’ ° “√‡À≈◊Ë Õ ¡
√–¥—∫§«√„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫‡¥’¬«°—πÀ√◊Õ
‡ªìπ∑“ߧàÕ¬ Ê ≈“¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√‡¥‘π
∑“߉¥â –¥«° ‰¡à –¥ÿ¥À°≈â¡ ´÷Ëß
 “¡“√∂„™âª√–‚¬™π剥â∑—ÈߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
‡¥Á° ·≈–§πæ‘°“√
Û.Ú °“√∫√‘°“√ —ߧ¡ ‚¥¬
°“√µ—Èß»Ÿπ¬å§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊ÕºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
¥â“π°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⧫“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ
∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬°√≥’∑’Ë∫ÿµ√¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë‚¥¬
µ√ßµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬µâÕßÕÿª°“√–‡≈’ȬߥŸ
∫‘ ¥ “¡“√¥“ À“°∑Õ¥∑‘È ß ®ππà “ ®–
‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ„À⇰‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬·°à™’«‘µÀ√◊Õ
∑Õ¥∑‘Èß∂÷ß·°à§«“¡µ“¬ ºŸâ°√–∑”µâÕß
‰¥â√—∫‚∑…µ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬ À√◊Õ°√≥’∑’Ë
∂Ÿ°‡Õ“√—¥‡Õ“‡ª√’¬∫ ∂Ÿ°‚°ß ∂Ÿ°°≈—Ëπ
·°≈âß®“°∫ÿ§§≈Õ◊Ëπ∑”„À⺟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿ‰¥â
√—∫§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬À√◊Õ§«“¡‡¥◊Õ¥√âÕπ
‡ªìπµâπ
Û.Û ∫√‘ ° “√¥â “ π ÿ ¢ ¿“æ
Õπ“¡—¬ °“√∑’˺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ
·ª≈ß∑“ß√à “ ß°“¬∑’Ë ‡  ◊Ë Õ ¡ ¿“æ≈ß
´÷Ë߇ªì𠓇Àµÿ∑’Ë¡’¿“«–‡ ’ˬߵàÕ°“√
‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬ °“√‡°‘¥‚√§·≈–¡’¿“«–°“√
µ“¬∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“ª√–™“°√°≈ÿà¡Õ◊Ëπ ‰¡à«à“
®–‡ªìπ‚√§‡°’ˬ«°—∫À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·≈–
√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πÀ“¬„® ‚√§‡°’ˬ«°—∫
°√–¥Ÿ°·≈–°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ ‚√§‡°’ˬ«°—∫
 ¡Õß·≈–§«“¡∑√ß®” ·≈–‚√§Õ◊Ëπ Ê
˜
°√¡æ—≤π“ —ß§¡·≈– «— ¥‘°“√ ÚıÙˆ : Àπâ“ Ú¯.
¯
Department of Social Development and Welfare 2004 : p. 49.
π”æ«—≈¬å °‘®√—°…å°ÿ≈
‰¥â·°à ¡–‡√Áß µâÕ°√–®° ‡∫“À«“π
°√–¥Ÿ°æ√ÿπ µàÕ¡≈Ÿ°À¡“°„π‡æ»™“¬
√«¡∑—ÈßÕ“°“√‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬„π°“√¥”‡π‘π
™’«‘µ ´÷Ëߺ≈ ”√«®¢Õß ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘
·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». ÚıÙı æ∫«à“ ºŸâ Ÿß
Õ“¬ÿ¡—°®–¡’Õ“°“√‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√ª«¥
‡¡◊ËÕ¬µ“¡√à“ß°“¬ ª«¥À≈—ß ª«¥¢âÕ
πÕπ‰¡à À ≈— ∫ ‡«’ ¬ π»’ √ …– ·≈–‚√§
‡°’ˬ«°—∫µ“ ‡ªìπµâπ
¥—ßπ—Èπ √—∞§«√¥”‡π‘π°“√‚¥¬
®— ¥ µ—È ß »Ÿ π ¬å ∫ √‘ ° “√¥â “ π “∏“√≥ ÿ ¢
 ”À√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‚¥¬‡©æ“– ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
∫√‘ ° “√‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫  ÿ ¢ ¿“æ„Àâ ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ
¡’ ° “√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ · ≈–¡’ æ ƒµ‘ ° √√¡¥â “ π
°“√ªÑÕß°—π∑“ß ÿ¢¿“æ°àÕπ∑’Ë®–‡®Á∫
ªÉ«¬À√◊Õ‡°‘¥‚√§  à߇ √‘¡°“√ÕÕ°
°”≈—ß·≈–®—¥Õÿª°√≥åÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬
∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡°—∫Õ“¬ÿ ®—¥µ—ÈßÀπ૬°“¬
¿“æ∫”∫—¥ ®—¥∫√‘°“√¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å
‡æ◊ËÕ¥Ÿ·≈·≈–√—°…“欓∫“≈ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
∑’Ë ¡’ · π«‚πâ ¡ ‡æ‘Ë ¡ ®”π«π¡“°¢÷È π
‚¥¬»Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√π’È„Àâ°√–®“¬‰ªµ“¡
®—ßÀ«—¥µà“ß Ê ¡“°¢÷Èπ°«à“∑’ˇªìπÕ¬Ÿà
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π´÷Ëß¡’‡æ’¬ß Û ·Ààß ‰¥â·°à
»Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√∑“ß —ߧ¡ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ¥π‘ ·¥ß
»Ÿ π ¬å ∫ √‘ ° “√∑“ß — ß §¡ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ
»√’ ÿ§µ »Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√∑“ß —ߧ¡ºŸâ Ÿß
Õ“¬ÿ¢Õπ·°àπ (¿“§ºπ«° µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú)
Û.Ù ∫√‘°“√‡°’ˬ«°—∫∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà
Õ“»— ¬ µ“¡ ¿“æ∑’Ë § «√®–‡ªì π π—È π
ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ§«√®–‰¥âÕ¬Ÿ√à «à ¡°—∫§√Õ∫§√—«
‡ªì π  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ¥’ ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ ∑’Ë ® –‰¥â √— ∫ °“√¥Ÿ · ≈
81
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
∑—È ß ¥â “ π√à “ ß°“¬·≈–®‘ µ „® √«¡∑—È ß
¥â“π°“√‡ß‘π  à«πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’ˉ¡à¡’≠“µ‘
æ’ËπâÕß ‰¡à¡’ºŸâÕÿª°“√– À√◊ÕºŸâª√– ∫
ªí≠À“§«“¡‡¥◊Õ¥√âÕπ °Á§«√‰¥â√—∫
°“√∫√‘ ° “√®“°√— ∞ „π≈— ° …≥–¢Õß
 ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∑’Ë„Àâ∫√‘°“√
∑—Èߥâ“π∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬ Õ“À“√ ‡§√◊ËÕß
πÿàßÀà¡·≈–¬“√—°…“‚√§ ´÷Ëß„πªí®®ÿ∫—π
√—∞‰¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√∑—Èß„π≈—°…≥–∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà
„𧫓¡¥Ÿ · ≈¢Õß°√¡æ— ≤ π“ — ß §¡
·≈– «— ¥‘°“√ °√–∑√«ß°“√æ—≤π“
 — ß §¡·≈–§«“¡¡—Ë π §ß¢Õß¡πÿ … ¬å
®”π«π ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå ˜ ·Ààß ·≈–
»Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√∑“ß —ߧ¡ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ Ò ·Ààß
°— ∫ Õ¬Ÿà „ 𧫓¡¥Ÿ · ≈¢ÕßÕß§å ° “√
∫√‘ À “√ à « π®— ß À«— ¥ ¡’ ®”π«π ∂“π
 ß‡§√“–Àå ÒÛ ·Ààß ·≈–»Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√
∑“ß —ߧ¡ Ú ·Ààߘ √«¡®”π«π ∂“π
 ß‡§√“–Àå∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ Ú ·Ààß „π æ.».
ÚıÙ˜¯  “¡“√∂√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‡¢â“Õ¬Ÿà
Õ“»—¬‰¥âª√–¡“≥ Ú,¯ˆ §π À√◊Õ
ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– .ı ¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ®”π«π∑’ËπâÕ¬
√— ∞ §«√®–‰¥â ¥”‡π‘ π °“√„Àâ ‡ ªì π √Ÿ ª
∏√√¡¡“°¢÷È π ·≈–„π·ºπºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ
√–À«à“ß æ.». ÚıÛı-ÚııÙ ∑’ˉ¥â
«“ßπ‚¬∫“¬‰«â „ Àâ ¥”‡π‘ π °“√∂÷ ß
Ú ªï ®÷ߧ«√∑’Ë®–æ—≤π“·≈–¢¬“¬
 ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå ∑’Ë ¡’ Õ ¬Ÿà „ πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π
„Àâ   “¡“√∂√— ∫ ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ‰ ¥â ¡ “°¢÷È π
·≈–®— ¥ µ—È ß  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå ‡ æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π
„À¡à„π®—ßÀ«—¥µà“ß Ê √«¡∑—Èß°“√„Àâ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
 «— ¥‘°“√∑’Ë®”‡ªìπµàÕ°“√¥”√ß™’«‘µ
¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ °“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¥—ß°≈à“«
‡æ◊Ë Õ √Õß√— ∫ °“√°â “ «‡¢â “  Ÿà  — ß §¡ºŸâ  Ÿ ß
Õ“¬ÿ„πÕ𓧵
°“√∑’Ë ®”π«πºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ‡ æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π
‡ªì π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë √— ∞ ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß„Àâ § «“¡
 π„®·≈–™à « ¬‡À≈◊ Õ ∫ÿ § §≈‡À≈à “ π—È π
„À⥔√ß™’«‘µÕ¬à“ß¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢µ“¡§«√
·°àÕ—µ¿“æ ‡æ√“–∂â“∫ÿ§§≈‡À≈à“π’È
¡’ ÿ¢¿“楒 ‰¡à¡’‚√§¿—¬‡∫’¬¥‡∫’¬π
¬àÕ¡‰¡à‡ªìπ¿“√–¢Õß —ߧ¡  à«πµ—«
ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ‡ Õßπ—È π °“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ π·≈–
°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«µ‘ ª√–®”«—π§«√欓¬“¡
™à«¬µ—«‡Õß„Àâ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥‡∑à“∑’Ë®–∑”‰¥â
‰¡à§«√§‘¥æ÷Ëß≈Ÿ°À≈“πÀ√◊Õ —ߧ¡‡æ◊ËÕ
®–‰¥â‰¡à‡ªìπ¿“√–·°à≈Ÿ°À≈“π‚¥¬‰¡à
®”‡ªìπ
 à«πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„π‡¢µ™π∫∑∑’Ë¡’
§«“¡√Ÿâ · ≈–§«“¡ “¡“√∂∑’Ë ® –‡ªì π
ºŸâπ”∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ„π¥â“πµà“ß Ê ‡°’ˬ«°—∫
¢π∫∏√√¡‡π’ ¬ ¡ª√–‡æ≥’ · ≈–æ‘ ∏’
°√√¡∑“ß»“ π“ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√ª≈Ÿ°
Ωíß„Àâ§π√ÿàπ„À¡à‰¥â‡¢â“„®·≈–¬÷¥¡—Ëπ
„πª√–‡æ≥’·≈–æ‘∏’°√√¡µà“ß Ê √«¡
∑—ÈߺŸâ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬åæ◊Èπ∫â“π
À√◊Õ·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ°∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ
√—∞§«√ à߇ √‘¡‚¥¬®—¥‚§√ß°“√µà“ß Ê
∑’Ë®–π”‡Õ“§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡™”π“≠¢Õß
ºŸâ  Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ¡ “‡ªì π ª√–‚¬™πå µà Õ ª√–-
™“°√„π™π∫∑
„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π„π‡¢µ‡¡◊Õß∑’Ë
¡’ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡ “¡“√∂
„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π¥â“π«‘™“™’æ “¢“
µà“ß Ê ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°…’¬≥®“°ß“π√“™°“√
À√◊ Õ ∫√‘ …— ∑ ‡Õ°™π·≈–¡’ ‡ «≈“«à “ ß
√—∞À√◊Õ™ÿ¡™π°Á§«√®—¥‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë®–
𔧫“¡ “¡“√∂¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¡“„™â
ª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ —ߧ¡·≈–ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘
‰¥â·°à °“√‡ªìπºŸâπ”À√◊Õ„À⧔ª√÷°…“
∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß ‡æ√“–‡ªìπºŸâ¡’ª√– ∫-
°“√≥å · ≈–§«“¡ “¡“√∂∑’Ë ºà “ π¡“
„πÕ¥’ µ ¬à Õ ¡¡’ ∑— » 𧵑 ∑’Ë ¥’ µà Õ  — ß §¡
¡’§«“¡§‘¥∑’ Ë ¢ÿ ¡ÿ √Õ∫§Õ∫∑’®Ë –∑”ß“π
‡æ◊Ë Õ ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘ „ Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ª√–‚¬™πå
µà Õ  à « π√«¡ ‡ªì π ºŸâ π”À√◊ Õ „Àâ §”
ª√÷°…“¥â“π«‘™“™’æ ‡™àπ π—°°ÆÀ¡“¬
«‘ » «°√ ·æ∑¬å π— ° ‡»√…∞»“ µ√å
∑’Ë √— ∞  “¡“√∂π”¡“‡ªì π ¢â Õ §‘ ¥ ·≈–
„™â ‡ ªì π ·π«∑“ß„π°“√∫√‘ À “√·≈–
æ—≤π“ª√–‡∑»µàÕ‰ª.
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡
°√¡æ— ≤ π“ — ß §¡·≈– «—   ¥‘ ° “√. §Ÿà ¡◊ Õ °“√
ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ß “π ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå § π™√“.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : °√–∑√«ß°“√æ—≤π“ —ß§¡
·≈–§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ÚıÙˆ.
®—π∑√å‡æÁ≠ · ß‡∑’¬π©“¬ ·≈–§≥–. 秫“¡
 —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß°“√™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ‡°◊ÈÕÀπÿπ
„π§√Õ∫§√—«°—∫§«“¡ ÿ¢∑“ß„®¢ÕߺŸâ Ÿß
Õ“¬ÿ‰∑¬é «“√ “√ª√–™“°√»“ µ√å. ªï∑’Ë
Ò˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú °—𬓬π ÚıÙÙ.
82
∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å æ√æ‘∫Ÿ≈¬å. ‚≈°¬“¡™√“. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
∫√‘…—∑‡¬≈‚≈à°“√æ‘¡æå ÚıÙÚ.
ª√“‚¡∑¬å ª√– “∑°ÿ≈. 絓¬°àÕπÕ“¬ÿ ¯ ªï :
µ“¬°àÕπ«—¬Õ—π§«√é ª√–™“°√·≈–°“√
æ—≤π“. ªï∑’Ë Úˆ ©∫—∫∑’Ë ı ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π-
°√°Æ“§¡ ÚıÙ˘.
ª√“‚¡∑¬å ª√– “∑°ÿ≈ ·≈–§≥–. ‚§√ß √â“ß
Õ“¬ÿ · ≈–‡æ»¢Õߪ√–™“°√ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ „ π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. π§√ª∞¡ :  ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬
ª√–™“°√·≈– —ߧ¡ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈
ÚıÙÚ.
æ√‡æÁ≠ ∏’√– «— ¥‘Ï. ª√–™“°√»“ µ√å :  “√–
 ”§—≠‚¥¬ —߇¢ª. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æå
·Ààß®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÚıÙ.
 ¡»—°¥‘Ï »√’ π— µ‘ ¢ÿ .  —ߧ¡«‘∑¬“¿“«–ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ
§«“¡‡ªì π ®√‘ ß ·≈– ∂“π°“√≥å „ π — ß §¡
‰∑¬. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æå·Ààß®ÿÓ-
≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÚıÛ˘.
 ”π— ° ß“π ∂‘ µ‘ ° ≈“ß.  ¡ÿ ¥  ∂‘ µ‘ √ “¬ªï ¢ Õß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ∫√√æ ÚÛ æ.». ÚÙ˘˘-
ÚıÒ °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°ß“π ¿“æ—≤π“
°“√‡»√…∞°‘®·Ààß™“µ‘
 ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘. ª√–™“°√ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‰∑¬ :
°“√‡°◊È Õ Àπÿ π ∑“߇»√…∞°‘ ® ·≈– — ß §¡
®“°º≈°“√ ”√«®ªï æ.». ÚıÙı. °√ÿß-
‡∑æœ : °√–∑√«ß‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ “√ π‡∑»
·≈–°“√ ◊ËÕ “√ ÚıÙ¯.
 ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘. ª√–¡«≈¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ∂‘µ‘
 ”§— ≠ ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». ÚıÙ˘.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : °√–∑√«ß‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ “√-
 π‡∑»·≈–°“√ ◊ËÕ “√ ÚıÙ˘.
 ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ·‘ Ààß™“µ‘.  ∂“π¿“æ¢ÕߺŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ
‰∑¬. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’
ÚıÙÒ.
Department of Social Development and Wel-
fare. Annual Report ÚÙ. Ministry
of Social Development and Human
Security ÚÙ.
·π«‚π⡺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

¿“§ºπ«°
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò · ¥ß√âÕ¬≈–¢Õߪ√–™“°√®”·π°µ“¡™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ·≈–‡æ» æ.». ÚÙ¯-ÚıÙ¯

ªï ”¡–‚πœ ÚÙ¯ ÚÙ˘ ÚıÛ ÚıÒÛ

™à«ß
Õ“¬ÿ (ªï) ™“¬ À≠‘ß ™“¬ À≠‘ß ™“¬ À≠‘ß ™“¬ À≠‘ß
-Ù ¯.ıÒ ¯.ÛÙ ˜.ˆÒ ˜.ıÙ ¯.ÒÙ ¯. ¯.ÛÚ ¯.ÒÛ
ı-˘ ˜.Ò ˆ.˘Ò ˜.Ò˜ ˜. ˜.ˆ˜ ˜.ıÙ ˜.˜˘ ˜.ı˜
Ò-ÒÙ ı.˘Ò ı.ˆ˜ ˆ.ıı ˆ.ÙÒ ı.˘ı ı.¯Ò ˆ.˜Ú ˆ.ıı
Òı-Ò˘ Ù.¯ı Ù.¯¯ ı.ıÛ ı.ˆÚ Ù.¯Ò Ù.˜Ò ı.ÛÛ ı.Ù¯
Ú-ÚÙ Ù.ıÙ Ù.ıÛ Ù.ÛÛ Ù.ıÙ Ù.ˆÒ Ù.ı˘ Û.¯Ù Û.˘ˆ
Úı-Ú˘ Û.˘Ò Û.¯˜ Û.ı Û.ˆˆ Û.˘ Û.˘˘ Û.Ò˘ Û.ÛÛ
Û-ÛÙ Û.Ù˘ Û.ÙÛ Û.Û Û.Ú˜ Û.Û˜ Û.ÛÒ Û.ı Û.ÒÛ
Ûı-Û˘ Ú.˘ˆ Ú.˜˜ Ú.˘ı Ú.¯Ò Ú.ˆÙ Ú.ı˘ Ú.˜˜ Ú.˜¯
Ù-ÙÙ Ú.ÛÚ Ú.Ú Ú.ÙÒ Ú.Ûı Ú.Ò˜ Ú.ÒÙ Ú.Úı Ú.ÚÛ
Ùı-Ù˘ Ò.¯˜ Ò.˜Ú Ò.˘˘ Ò.˘˜ Ò.¯¯ Ò.¯Ù Ò.˜Ù Ò.˜Ù
ı-ıÙ Ò.ÙÒ Ò.Ù˜ Ò.Ùı Ò.Ù˘ Ò.ıÛ Ò.ıˆ Ò.Û˜ Ò.ÙÚ
ıı-ı˘ Ò.Úˆ Ò.ÚÛ Ò.Ò˜ Ò.ÒÚ Ò.ÚÚ Ò.Úı Ò.ÒÛ Ò.Ò˜
ˆ-ˆÙ Ò.˘ .˘ˆ .¯ .¯Ò .¯˜ .˘Û .¯˜ .˘Ù
ˆı-ˆ˘ .˜Ò .ˆÛ .ı˘ .ı˘ .ı˜ .ˆÚ .ˆÚ .˜
˜-˜Ù .ÛÙ .Û˘ .ÛÚ .Û˜ .ÛÛ .ÙÚ .Û¯ .Ù˘
˜ı-˜˘ .Òˆ .ÚÒ .Ò˜ .ÚÚ .Ò˘ .Úˆ .Ú .Ú˘
¯-¯Ù .˜ .ÒÒ .˜ .ÒÒ .˘ .Òı .˘ .ÒÙ
¯ı+ .ˆ .Ò .ˆ .˘ .ˆ .ÒÒ .ˆ .ÒÒ
‰¡à∑√“∫Õ“¬ÿ .Ò .Ò .Û .Û .Ò .¯ .ˆ .ˆ
§π∑’ˉ¡à„™à
 —≠™“µ‘‰∑¬ - - - - - - - -
¬Õ¥√«¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ı.ı˜ Ù˘.ÙÛ ı. ı. ı.Ò Ù˘.˘ Ù˘.˜¯ ı.ÚÚ

π”æ«—≈¬å °‘®√—°…å°ÿ≈
83
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò · ¥ß√âÕ¬≈–¢Õߪ√–™“°√®”·π°µ“¡™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ·≈–‡æ» æ.». ÚÙ¯-ÚıÙ¯ (µàÕ)

ªï ”¡–‚πœ ÚıÚÛ ÚıÛÛ ÚıÙÛ ÚıÙ¯

™à«ß
Õ“¬ÿ (ªï) ™“¬ À≠‘ß ™“¬ À≠‘ß ™“¬ À≠‘ß ™“¬ À≠‘ß
-Ù ˆ.Ò¯ ı.˘Ú Ù.ÚÛ Ù.Ú Û.˘Ú Û.ˆ˘ Û.ÚÛ Û.ı
ı-˘ ˆ.ˆı ˆ.Û˜ ı.Òı Ù.˘ Ù.ÛÛ Ù.¯ Û.˜Ú Û.ıÚ
Ò-ÒÙ ˆ.˜Ò ˆ.Ù˜ ı.ı˘ ı.Ûı Ù.Ú¯ Ù.˜ Û.˘ˆ Û.˜ˆ
Òı-Ò˘ ˆ.Ú ˆ.ı ı.ÚÚ ı.ÚÒ Ù.ÙÒ Ù.Ú˜ Û.˜ˆ Û.ˆ
Ú-ÚÙ ı. ı.˘ ı.ˆ ı.ÒÒ Ù.Ûı Ù.Ú¯ Ù.Ù Û.˘ˆ
Úı-Ú˘ Û.¯˘ Ù.Ù Ù.ˆÚ Ù.¯Ú Ù.ÛÚ Ù.ıˆ Ù.Ú˘ Ù.Úˆ
Û-ÛÙ Ú.˘˜ Û.ı Ù.ÒÙ Ù.ÛÛ Ù.Û¯ Ù.ˆ˘ Ù.ÛÛ Ù.ÙÒ
Ûı-Û˘ Ú.ı˘ Ú.ˆÙ Û.Ù˜ Û.ı˘ Ù.ÚÒ Ù.ÙÚ Ù.Ú˘ Ù.Ù¯
Ù-ÙÙ Ú.Û˜ Ú.Ùˆ Ú.˜Ú Ú.¯ Û.˜Ù Û.˘ı Û.˘¯ Ù.Ú
Ùı-Ù˘ Ú.˜ Ú.Òˆ Ú.Ú¯ Ú.Ûˆ Ú.˘˜ Û.ÒÙ Û.Û˜ Û.ˆÒ
ı-ıÙ Ò.ˆˆ Ò.˜Ò Ú.Ù Ú.Òı Ú.Ú˜ Ú.ÙÒ Ú.ˆˆ Ú.˘Ò
ıı-ı˘ Ò.ÚÒ Ò.Ú˜ Ò.ˆ¯ Ò.¯ Ò.¯ Ò.˘ı Ò.˘¯ Ú.Ò˘
ˆ-ˆÙ .˘Ú .˘˘ Ò.ÛÒ Ò.Û˘ Ò.ıÚ Ò.˜Ú Ò.ÙÛ Ò.ˆÒ
ˆı-ˆ˘ .ˆˆ .˜Ù .¯ˆ .˘Ù Ò.Òı Ò.Ûˆ Ò.ÚÒ Ò.ÙÛ
˜-˜Ù .Ùˆ .ı˜ .ı˜ .ˆ¯ .¯ .˘˜ .¯¯ Ò.ÒÒ
˜ı-˜˘ .Úˆ .Ûı .Ûı .Ùı .Ùı .ı¯ .ıı .˜Ù
¯-¯Ù .ÒÚ .Ò˘ .Ò˘ .Ú¯ .ÚÚ .ÛÛ .Ú˜ .Ù
¯ı+ .˜ .ÒÚ .ÒÛ .ÚÒ .Òı .Úˆ .Ú .ÛÚ
‰¡à∑√“∫Õ“¬ÿ - - - - - - .ˆ¯ .Òˆ
§π∑’ˉ¡à„™à
 —≠™“µ‘‰∑¬ - - - - - - .ıÙ .Ùˆ
¬Õ¥√«¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ Ù˘.¯Ò ı.Ò˘ Ù˘.ˆÒ ı.Û˘ Ù˘.Ú˜ ı.˜Û Ù˘.Û˜ ı.ˆÛ

·À≈àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ : æ.». ÚÙ¯, ÚÙ˘ ç ”¡–‚π§√—«é ®—¥∑”‚¥¬°√–∑√«ß¡À“¥‰∑¬

æ.». ÚıÛ ç ”¡–‚πª√–™“°√é ®—¥∑”‚¥¬ ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘
æ.». ÚıÒÛ-ÚıÙÛ ç ”¡–‚πª√–™“°√·≈–‡§À–é ®—¥∑”‚¥¬ ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘
æ.». ÚıÙ¯ ®“°ª√–¡«≈¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ∂‘µ‘ ”§—≠¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». ÚıÙ˘ ®—¥∑”‚¥¬ ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘

·π«‚π⡺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
84
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú · ¥ß√“¬™◊ËÕ ∂“π ß‡§√“–À废⠟ßÕ“¬ÿ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„𧫓¡¥Ÿ·≈¢Õß√—∞
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú.Ò √“¬™◊ËÕ ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå∑’Ë√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ·≈–»Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√∑“ß —ߧ¡∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„𧫓¡¥Ÿ·≈¢ÕßÕߧ尓√∫√‘À“√
 à«π®—ßÀ«—¥ æ.». ÚıÙ˜
√“¬™◊ËÕ ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå ®—ßÀ«—¥ ®”π«π (§π)
Ò.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π∫“ß·§ Ú °√ÿ߇∑æœ Òı
Ú.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π∏√√¡ª°√≥å (‚æ∏‘Ï°≈“ß) π§√√“™ ’¡“ ÒıÛ
Û.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π∏√√¡ª°√≥å («—¥¡à«ß) π§√√“™ ’¡“ ÒÙÒ
Ù.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“«—¬∑Õß𑇫»πå ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ˘Ú
ı.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π≈æ∫ÿ√’ ≈æ∫ÿ√’ ÒÛ˜
ˆ.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π®—π∑∫ÿ√’ ®—π∑∫ÿ√’ ¯Û
˜.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“ππ§√ª∞¡ π§√ª∞¡ ÒÙÙ
¯.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“‡©≈‘¡√“™°ÿ¡“√’ (À≈«ßæàÕ‡ªîòπÕÿª∂—¡¿å) π§√ª∞¡ ¯Û
˘.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“‡©≈‘¡√“™°ÿ¡“√’ (À≈«ßæàÕ≈”‰¬Õÿª∂—¡¿å) °“≠®π∫ÿ√’ ˘Ù
Ò.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π¡À“ “√§“¡ ¡À“ “√§“¡ Òı
ÒÒ.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π‡¢“∫àÕ·°â« π§√ «√√§å ÒÙı
ÒÚ.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π»√’µ√—ß µ√—ß ÒÚ
ÒÛ.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“πÕŸà∑Õß-æπ—°µ—° ™ÿ¡æ√ ˘˘
ÒÙ. »Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√∑“ß —ߧ¡ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¥‘π·¥ß °√ÿ߇∑æœ -
Òı. »Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√∑“ß —ߧ¡ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ»√’ ÿ§µ æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° -
√«¡ Ò,Ù¯Û

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú.Ú √“¬™◊ËÕ ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå∑’Ë√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å “∏‘µ, »Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√∑“ß —ߧ¡∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„𧫓¡

¥Ÿ·≈¢Õß°√¡æ—≤π“ —ß§¡·≈– «— ¥‘°“√ æ.». ÚıÙ˜
√“¬™◊ËÕ ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå∑’˪√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å “∏‘µ ®—ßÀ«—¥ ®”π«π (§π)
Ò.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π∫“ß·§ °√ÿ߇∑æœ ÚˆÒ
Ú.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“«“ π–‡«»πå æ√–π§√»√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“ ÚˆÙ
Û.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π∫“ß≈–¡ÿß ™≈∫ÿ√’ Ûˆ˘
Ù.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π∫ÿ√’√—¡¬å ∫ÿ√’√—¡¬å Ò
ı.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π∏√√¡ª°√≥å ‡™’¬ß„À¡à Ò˘Ò
ˆ.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π∑—°…‘≥ ¬–≈“ ˘¯
˜.  ∂“π ß‡§√“–Àå§π™√“∫â“π¿Ÿ‡°Áµ ¿Ÿ‡°Áµ ˘Ù
¯. »Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√∑“ß —ߧ¡ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¢Õπ·°àπ ¢Õπ·°àπ -
√«¡ Ò,Û˜˜
·À≈àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ : °√¡æ—≤π“ —ß§¡·≈– «— ¥‘°“√ °√–∑√«ß°“√æ—≤π“ —ß§¡·≈–§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å

π”æ«—≈¬å °‘®√—°…å°ÿ≈
85
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

Abstract Trend of Old Population in Thailand

Numpawon Kitrackool
Associate Professor of Geography, Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, Silpakorn University

The focused population of this study is the old population of 60 years old and above,
both males and females. Compared with the entire population of the country, the increase
in this population group is rapid, resulted from the change in fertility causing the decrease
in the young population. Sustantial and widespread developments in science, technology,
and medicine and accessible health services contribute to the population’s declining death
rate and longer life. In 1929, the lifespans of the males and females were 31.6 and 37.5 years,
respectively. Since then, the population’s lifespan has gradually risen. In 2006, the male’s
lifespan was 69 years, and the female’s was 76 years. The longer lifespan suggests the higher
number of old population. In 2005, the old population rose to about 10.15%. It is predicted that
in the next 25 years or in 2030, the old population will rise to 20% of the entire national popula-
tion or 15 million people.
The gradual increase of the old population in Thailand is a new phenomenon. Without
preparation and planning, problems are likely inevitable.

Key words: fertility, lifespan

»—æ∑å gerontology æƒ≤«‘∑¬“

§≥–°√√¡°“√®— ¥ ∑”æ®π“πÿ ° √¡»— æ ∑å  — ß §¡«‘ ∑ ¬“ ‰¥â ∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ »— æ ∑å · ≈–„Àâ § «“¡À¡“¬»— æ ∑å

gerontology ‰«â¥—ßπ’È
gerontology æƒ≤«‘∑¬“ : «‘™“∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ À«‘∑¬“ °“√»÷°…“‡°’ˬ«°—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ °√–∫«π°“√
·≈–º≈¢Õß°“√∑’˪√–™“°√¡’Õ“¬ÿ Ÿß¢÷Èπ «‘™“π’ȉ¥â√—∫§«“¡ π„®‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ª√–™“°√¡’Õ“¬ÿ¬◊𬓫
¢÷Èπ„π¢≥–∑’Ë¿“«–‡®√‘≠æ—π∏ÿå≈¥µË”≈ß ´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ —¥ à«π¢Õߪ√–™“°√ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„π —ߧ¡µà“ß Ê ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
Õ¬à“ß¡“°
„π∑“ß —ߧ¡«‘∑¬“ ¡’«‘™“æƒ≤«‘∑¬“ —ߧ¡ (social gerontology) ·≈– —ߧ¡«‘∑¬“°“√ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
(sociology of ageing) ´÷Ëß¡ÿàß»÷°…“·≈–«‘‡§√“–ÀåÕ“¬ÿ„π∞“π–∑’ˇªìπª√–‡¿∑∑“ß —ߧ¡ (social category)
√«¡∂÷ß»÷°…“º≈°√–∑∫¢Õß‚§√ß √â“ß∑“ß —ߧ¡∑’Ë¡’µàÕ°√–∫«π°“√∑’˪√–™“°√¡’Õ“¬ÿ Ÿß¢÷Èπ

∑’Ë¡“ : æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑堗ߧ¡«‘∑¬“ Õ—ß°ƒ…-‰∑¬ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : À®°. ‰Õ‡¥’¬  ·§«√å,

ÚıÙ˘, Àπâ“ ÒÛˆ.

·π«‚π⡺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
86
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß : º≈‘π ¿Ÿà®√Ÿ≠**

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–
°“√®—¥°“√™—Èπ§√Ÿ* °“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
ªí®®ÿ∫—π∫√‘…—∑™—Èππ”¡’°“√æ—≤π“Õߧ尓√µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“§«“¡‡ªìπºŸâπ”„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡∑’˵π‡Õß
·¢àߢ—πÕ¬Ÿà ∑’Ë ”§—≠∫√‘…—∑ à«π„À≠à„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠Õ¬à“ß¡“°°—∫°“√≈ß∑ÿπ∑—È߇«≈“·≈–§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ
 √â“ßπ«—µ°√√¡∑’Ë∑”„ÀâÕߧ尓√ “¡“√∂√—°…“§«“¡‰¥â‡ª√’¬∫„π°“√·¢àߢ—π‰¥â„π√–¬–¬“« ®“°°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬
æ∫«à“„π¢≥–∑’ËÕߧ尓√≈ß∑ÿπ∑—Èߧ«“¡æ¬“¬“¡·≈–‡ß‘π∑ÿπ ¡’®”π«π¡“°∑’ˉ¡à√Ÿâ«à“Õߧåª√–°Õ∫æ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß
π«—µ°√√¡§◊ÕÕ–‰√ ®÷ß∑”„Àâ°“√æ—≤π“‰¡à‡ªìπº≈ ”‡√Á® ∫∑§«“¡π’È𔇠πÕ·π«§‘¥æ◊Èπ∞“π°“√æ—≤𓧫“¡‰¥â
‡ª√’¬∫„π°“√·¢àߢ—π¥â«¬π«—µ°√√¡‚¥¬æ—≤π“ºà“πÀ≈—°«‘™“«‘»«°√√¡ ·π«§‘¥Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß®÷߉¥â∂Ÿ°π”‡ πÕ
‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ∑“߇≈◊Õ°¢ÕßÕߧ尓√„π°“√æ—≤𓧫“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘߇ªìπ·π«§‘¥∑’ˇªìπ
∑“ßÕÕ°„π°“√ √â“ßπ«—µ°√√¡∑’Ë„™â‡ß‘π≈ß∑ÿπ·≈–‡«≈“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫µË”°«à“«‘∏’°“√Õ◊Ëπ „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°≈—∫„Àâº≈
„π°“√æ—≤π“∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¡“°°«à“ ºŸâ‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡‰¥â»÷°…“·≈–𔇠πÕµ—«·ª√·≈–ªí®®—¬À≈—° ”§—≠
„π°“√º≈—°¥—π„ÀâÕߧ尓√ “¡“√∂æ—≤𓇪ìπºŸâπ”„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡∑’ˉ¡à‡©æ“–‡æ’¬ß·µà„™âπ«—µ°√√¡ ·µà¬—ß¡’
°“√∫Ÿ√≥“°“√·π«§‘¥∑“ß«‘»«°√√¡‡¢â“‰«â‰¥âÕ¬à“ß≈ßµ—«Õ’°¥â«¬

§” ”§—≠ : °“√®—¥°“√, π«—µ°√√¡, §«“¡§‘¥ √â“ß √√§å, «‘»«°√√¡, Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß

¡πÿ…¬å°—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–°“√Õ¬Ÿà√Õ¥

ç... ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘µ∑’Ë√—°…“‡ºà“æ—π∏ÿå¢Õßµ—«‡Õ߉«â‰¥âπ—Èπ ‰¡à„™à‡æ√“–¡’§«“¡©≈“¥À√◊Õ
·¢Áß·√ß¡“°°«à“‡ºà“æ—π∏ÿåÕ◊Ëπ ·µà‡ªìπ‡æ√“– “¡“√∂ª√—∫µ—«‰¥â¥’„π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡
∑’ˇª≈’Ë¬π¡“°°«à“...é
™“≈ å ¥“√å«‘π (Charles Darwin)

¡πÿ…¬å∑’ˇ°‘¥¡“„π‚≈°π’È∑ÿ°§π  ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¡’°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß√«¥‡√Á« µàÕ ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√–-

≈â « π®–µâ Õ ßµà Õ  Ÿâ °— ∫  ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡∑’Ë ·≈– à ß º≈√ÿ π ·√ß¡“°¢÷È π °«à “ ‡¥‘ ¡  ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¡“°¢÷Èπ ®“°ª√“°Ø°“√≥å
‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß√Õ∫µ— « ‡Õߥ⠫ ¬°— π ∑—È ß Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ ®÷ß®”‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° ¥—ß°≈à“«∑”„Àâ √ÿª‰¥â«à“ ªí®®ÿ∫—π°“√
 ‘Èπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å®–µâÕß®—¥°“√‡æ◊ËÕµÕ∫ πÕß µÕ∫ πÕßµàÕ ‘Ëß∑’ˇª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÕ“®

* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Û °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å æ.». Úıı

** √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å  “¢“°“√®—¥°“√ §≥–∫√‘À“√∏ÿ√°‘®  ∂“∫—π∫—≥±‘µæ—≤π∫√‘À“√»“ µ√å (π‘¥â“)

º≈‘π ¿Ÿà®√Ÿ≠
87
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
®–‰¡à‡æ’¬ßæÕµàÕ°“√¥”√ß™’«‘µ¢Õß
¡πÿ…¬åÕ’°µàÕ‰ª °“√ª°ªÑÕß·≈–°“√
ª√— ∫ µ— « ‡Õß„Àâ ‰ ª¢â “ ßÀπâ “ °à Õ π°“√
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ´÷ËßÀ¡“¬√«¡
∂÷ß°“√ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ°√Õ∫·π«§‘¥·≈–
ª√—∫√Ÿª·∫∫·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√ ∑—È ß
„π‡™‘ß∑ƒ…Æ’·≈–‡™‘ߪؑ∫—µ‘πà“®–‡ªìπ
°“√°√–∑”∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡‡À¡“– ¡¡“°
∑’Ë ÿ¥„π ∂“π°“√≥凙àππ’È
»“ µ√å·≈–»‘≈ªá°∫— °“√°â“«‡¢â“ Ÿà
Innogineering : °“√®—¥°“√™—Èπ
§√Ÿ
‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫°—π∑—Ë«‰ª«à“ °“√
®—¥°“√‡ªìπ∑—Èß»“ µ√å·≈–»‘≈ª– ´÷Ëß
À“°∑ÿ°§πµ√–Àπ—°„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’È·≈â«„π
°“√®—¥°“√ºŸ∫â √‘À“√§«√®–µâÕß„À⧫“¡
 ”§— ≠ ∑—È ß »“ µ√å · ≈–»‘ ≈ ªá æ √â Õ ¡ Ê
°—π ·µà‡™◊ËÕÀ√◊Õ‰¡à«à“„𧫓¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß
π—È π „π°“√®— ¥ °“√ºŸâ ∫ √‘ À “√®–„™â
»“ µ√å„π°“√∑”ß“π°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ
ª√–®”«—π¡“°°«à“»‘≈ª– ¬‘Ëß„π™’«‘µ∑’Ë
¡’·µà§«“¡√’∫‡√àß„πªí®®ÿ∫—𠉥âº≈—°
„À⺟â§π à«π„À≠àÕÕ°Àà“ß®“°»‘≈ª–
ÕÕ°‰ª∑ÿ ° ∑’ º≈®“° ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π
§◊Õ ∫àÕ¬§√—Èß∑’Ë®–æ∫«à“¡πÿ…¬å¡’°“√
µ— ¥  ‘ π „®∑’Ë   «π∑“ß°— ∫ ∏√√¡™“µ‘
‡æ√“–‰ª¬÷ ¥ ∂◊ Õ °— ∫ ‡Àµÿ · ≈–º≈¡“°
‡°‘π‰ª
Õ—π∑’Ë®√‘ß·≈⫇√◊ËÕßπ’È„π∑“ß°“√
·æ∑¬å ¡’ ° “√Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬·≈–¬Õ¡√— ∫ °— π
∑—Ë«‰ª«à“ „πµ—«¢Õß¡πÿ…¬åπ—Èπ¡’ “√
‡§¡’ Ú  à«π∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å®–µâÕߧ«∫§ÿ¡
„À⇰‘¥§«“¡ ¡¥ÿ≈ §◊Õ  à«π∑’ˇªìπ
»‘≈ª– ( à«πÕàÕπ) ·≈– à«π∑’ˇªìπ
«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ( à«π·¢Áß) ´÷Ëß à«π·¢Áß
„π∑“ß«‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å ∑ “ß°“√·æ∑¬å
 √ÿª«à“§◊Õ  ¡Õß à«π´â“¬ ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ
‡°‘¥°“√„™âÕ«—¬«–¥â“π¢«“  à«πÕàÕπ
§◊Õ  ¡Õß à«π¢«“ ∑’˧«∫§ÿ¡Õ«—¬«–
¥â“π´â“¬ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«π¢Õߧ«“¡§‘¥
 √â“ß √√§å °“√§‘¥„π‡™‘ß»‘≈ª– §«“¡
ª√–≥’µ ≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ´÷ËßÀ“°¡’ à«ππ’È¡“°
®–∑”„Àâ ∂ π— ¥ °“√„™â ¡◊ Õ ´â “ ¬ ¥— ß π—È π
°“√ √â“ß„À⇰‘¥§«“¡ ¡¥ÿ≈¢Õß ¡Õß
∑—Èß Ú  à«π®–∑”„Àâª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß
 ¡Õß∂Ÿ ° „™â ß “πÕ¬à “ ߇µÁ ¡ ∑’Ë ‚ ¥¬¡’
¡ÿ¡¡ÕߢÕß∑—Èß Ú ·ßà¡ÿ¡ ∑—Èß„π¥â“π
ÕàÕπ·≈–¥â“π·¢Áß
»‘≈ª–°—∫§«“¡§‘¥ √â“ß √√§å
∂â “ ∂“¡π— ° ∫√‘ À “√√–¥— ∫  Ÿ ß „π
Õß§å ° √¢π“¥„À≠à „ πª√–‡∑»°”≈— ß
æ—≤π“«à“ ç™Õ∫¥ŸÀ√◊Õ‡¢’¬π¿“æ ’
πÈ”¡—πÀ√◊Õ ’πÈ”‰À¡é ‡™◊ËÕ«à“®–¡’§”
µÕ∫¡“°°«à “ √â Õ ¬≈– ˘ı µÕ∫«à “
‰¡à‡§¬ π„® ·≈–‰¡à§‘¥®–«“¥¿“æ
¥â«¬ ∂â“∂“¡µàÕ‰ª«à“ ç™Õ∫‰ª™¡
π‘∑√√»°“√¿“æ«“¥„πß“π∫â“߉À¡é
‡™◊ËÕÕ’°«à“√âÕ¬≈– ˘Ú ‰¡à™Õ∫ À“°
Õß§å ° “√¢Õß∑à “ π¡’ Õ— µ √“ à « π¢Õß
æπ— ° ß“π∑’Ë ‰ ¡à   π„®»‘ ≈ ª–¡“°°«à “
√âÕ¬≈– ¯ı  “¡“√∂ √ÿª‰¥â‰À¡«à“
Õߧ尓√¢Õß∑à“π¡’§«“¡ 祑∫é ¡“°
°«à “ ç ÿ ° é °≈à “ «§◊ Õ ¡’ § «“¡·¢Á ß
°√–¥â“ß¡“°°«à“§«“¡ «¬ß“¡Õ¬à“ß
π‘Ë¡π«≈≈ßµ—«
º≈°“√»÷°…“∑—Èß®“°°“√§âπ§«â“
·≈–®“°ºŸâ√Ÿâ‡æ◊ËÕ √ÿª«à“ ¿“懢’¬π°—∫
¿“æ∂à“¬·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“߉√ ·≈–
88
¿“懢’ ¬ π¡’ §ÿ ≥ §à “ Õ–‰√∑’Ë ¿ “æ∂à “ ¬
‰¡à ¡’ §”µÕ∫ §◊Õ ¿“懢’¬ππ—Èπ¡’
Õ“√¡≥å ¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷° ¡’§«“¡≈÷°≈—∫
∑’Ë´àÕπÀ√◊Õ·ΩßÕ¬Ÿà ∫“ߧ√—ÈߥŸ‡À¡◊Õπ
°—∫«à“®–欓¬“¡∫àß∫Õ°∂÷߇√◊ËÕß√“«
¿“¬„π¿“æπ—Èπ Ê ·µà∑’Ë¡“°‰ª°«à“
π—Èπ§◊Õ ¿“懢’¬π∑’Ë¥’®–‡«âπ„À⇰‘¥
™àÕß«à“ߢÕß®‘πµπ“°“√∑’Ë®–„À⺟♡
‰¥â ®‘ π µπ“°“√∑’Ë ® –™à « ¬‡µ‘ ¡ „Àâ ‡ µÁ ¡
¥â«¬®‘µ «‘≠≠“≥ ·≈–§«“¡§‘¥¢Õß
ºŸâ™¡‡Õß ´÷Ëß°Á®–·µ°µà“ß°—πÕÕ°‰ª
µ“¡æ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß·µà≈–§π ®“°µ√ßπ’È
‡Õß∑”„ÀâÕ“®®– “¡“√∂ √ÿª‰¥âÕ¬à“ß
§√à“« Ê «à“ °“√∑’˪√–‡∑»„¥„À⧫“¡
 π„®„π‡√◊ËÕß»‘≈ª– ®– “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ
§π„πª√–‡∑»π—Èπ¡’®‘πµπ“°“√ À√◊Õ
°≈à“«ßà“¬ Ê «à“ ¡’§«“¡ ç ÿ°é ¡“°
°«à“ 祑∫é
»‘≈ª– à«π„À≠à®–∂Ÿ°√«∫√«¡
Õ¬Ÿà„π ∂“π∑’ˇ¥’¬«°—𠇙àπ æ‘æ‘∏-
¿—≥±å ¥—ßπ—πÈ ‡√“®÷ß “¡“√∂§“¥°“√≥å
§«“¡‡®√‘≠ §«“¡‰¥â‡ª√’¬∫„π°“√
·¢àߢ—π ·≈–√–¥—∫¡“µ√∞“𧫓¡‡ªìπ
Õ¬Ÿà¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰¥â „À⥟·≈– —߇°µ
®“°°“√„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫°“√∫√‘À“√
æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±å¢Õߪ√–‡∑»π—Èπ Ê ‡æ√“–
æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±å‡ªìπ∑’Ë√«∫√«¡ 𔇠πÕ
»‘≈ª–·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ª√–‡∑»
„¥¡’æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±å∑’ˇ¬’ˬ¡¬Õ¥ ·≈–¡’
§π‡¢â“¡“‡¬’ˬ¡™¡¡“° µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ
æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥± ∂“π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»Ω√—Ë߇» 
(The Louvre) æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±å Smithso-
nian ¢Õߪ√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ·≈–
Museum of London ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
Õ—ß°ƒ… ®– “¡“√∂„™â‡ªìπµ—«·ª√∑’Ë
Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß : °“√®—¥°“√™—Èπ§√Ÿ

∫àß∫Õ°∂÷ߧ«“¡‡¢â“„® §«“¡√—°„π
»‘ ≈ ª–·≈–§«“¡‡¢â “ „®„π∏√√¡™“µ‘
¢Õߧπ„πª√–‡∑»π—Èπ Ê ∑’ˇªìπº≈∑”
„Àâ¡’°“√∑”ß“π°“√ ◊ËÕ “√„π√Ÿª¢Õß
°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å ∑’Ë   «¬ß“¡
¿“¬„µâ·π«§‘¥„π‡™‘ß √â“ß √√§å‰¥â
«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å°—∫°“√®—¥°“√
¡’§«“¡™—¥‡®π«à“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
¡’º≈µàÕ¡«≈¡πÿ…¬™“µ‘Õ¬à“߉√°“√
π”‡Õ“«‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å ¡ “„™â ‰ ¥â   √â “ ß
§ÿ≥§à“Õπ—πµåµàÕ¡πÿ…¬™“µ‘¡“° ¡’
º≈∑”„Àâ ™’ «‘ µ ¡πÿ … ¬å ¡’ § «“¡‡ªì π Õ¬Ÿà
¥’¢÷Èπ¡“° ·µàÀ≈“¬§πÕ“®®–π÷°‰¡à
∂÷ß«à“ °“√‡¢â“„®À≈—°§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß
∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å À“°¢“¥°“√§‘¥
„π‡™‘ßª√–¬ÿ°µå·≈â« °“√π”¡“„™âÕ“®
‰¡à ¡’ √ –¥— ∫ ¢Õߧ«“¡ –¥«° ∫“¬
¥—ß∑’ˇ√“‡ÀÁπ°—πÕ¬Ÿà∑ÿ°«—ππ’ȉ¥â
·Õ≈‡∫‘√åµ ‰Õπå ‰µπå (Albert
Einstein) π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß
°≈à“«‰«â™—¥‡®π«à“ 箑πµπ“°“√π—Èπ
 ”§—≠¡“°°«à“§«“¡√Ÿâé ®“°§”°≈à“«
¢Õßπ—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å™—Èππ”¢Õß‚≈°
∑”„À⧑¥¢÷Èπ¡“‰¥â«à“§ß®–¡’π—¬ ”§—≠
∫“ßÕ¬à “ ß∑’Ë ´à Õ πÕ¬Ÿà ¿ “¬„µâ § «“¡
≈÷°≈—∫¢Õß ¡Õß ∑”„À⧑¥«à“µâÕß¡’
§«“¡≈÷°≈—∫‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—߇Àµÿº≈∑’Ë ¡Õß
¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å¡’ Ú  à«π·πàπÕπ ´÷Ëßæ∫
§”µÕ∫∑— π ∑’ ‡ ¡◊Ë Õ Õà “ πæ∫«à “ ‡¡◊Ë Õ
‰Õπå   ‰µπå ‡  ’ ¬ ™’ «‘ µ ¡’ À ¡ÕºŸâ À π÷Ë ß ∑’Ë ¡’
‚Õ°“ ºà“æ‘ Ÿ®πå ¡ÕߢÕ߉Õπå ‰µπå
‡¢“·ª≈°„®¡“°‡¡◊Ë Õ æ∫«à “ ¢π“¥
 ¡ÕߢÕ߉Õπå ‰µπå¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°°«à“
§πª√°µ‘∏√√¡¥“¥â«¬´È” ´÷Ëßµ√ߢⓡ
°— ∫ §«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ «à “ ¢π“¥ ¡Õß∑’Ë „ À≠à
º≈‘π ¿Ÿà®√Ÿ≠
°«à“®–¡’§«“¡©≈“¥¡“°°«à“ ·µà ‘Ëß
∑’æË ∫°≈—∫‡ªìπ«à“√Õ¬À¬—°∑’ Ë ¡ÕߢÕß
‰Õπå ‰µπå¡’°“√·∫àß∑’ˉ¡à™—¥‡®π ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–∫√‘ ‡ «≥√Õ¬·¬°¢Õß ¡Õß
´’°´â“¬·≈–´’°¢«“ ∑”„Àâ √ÿª‰¥â«à“
°“√∑’ˉÕπå ‰µπå¡’§«“¡ª√“¥‡ª√◊ËÕß
 “¡“√∂§‘¥ Ÿµ√ E = MC 2 ‰¥â π—È π
‡ªìπ°“√§‘¥∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°°“√„™â ¡Õß
∑—È ß Ú  à « π∑’Ë ‡ ªì π °“√º ¡º “π
√–À«à“ß®‘πµπ“°“√°—∫«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
∑’≈Ë ßµ—«
Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß (Innogineering)
®“° ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë »÷ ° …“‰¥â π”¡“ Ÿà §”
µÕ∫∑’ˇªìπª√‘»π“¡“‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π«à“
∑”‰¡Õߧ尓√Àπ÷Ëß∂÷߉¥â¡’°“√æ—≤π“
 Ÿß°«à“Õ’°Õߧ尓√Àπ÷Ëß „π¢≥–∑’ËÕ“®
®–„™â ∑ √— æ ¬“°√„π°“√∑”ß“ππâ Õ ¬
°«à“ ·π«§‘¥„π‡√◊ËÕß çÕ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ßé
®÷߉¥â∂Ÿ°æ—≤π“¢÷Èπ ºŸâ‡¢’¬π„™âÀ≈—°
°“√À“§«“¡®√‘ß‚¥¬„™â‡Àµÿ„™âº≈®“°
°“√»÷°…“‡™‘ߪ√–®—°…å ‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®– √â“ß
»—æ∑å¢÷Èπ¡“„À¡à„π«ß°“√∏ÿ√°‘® ∑—Èßπ’È
Innovation
Art
Management
Science
Engineering
89
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
‡æ◊ËÕ°“√Õ∏‘∫“¬·π«§‘¥ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ
·π«∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘„Àâ°—∫ºŸâ π„®‡°‘¥·π«
§‘¥„π°“√∑’®Ë –π”æ“∏ÿ√°‘® Ÿ§à «“¡‡ªìπ
‡≈‘» ®÷ß¡’°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å çÕ‘π‚π-
®‘‡π’¬√‘ßé (innogineering) ¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬
‡ªìπ§”∑’˺ ¡√«¡§” Ú §”‡¢â“¥â«¬
°—π ¡’æ◊Èπ∞“π®“°§”«à“
innovation + engineering =
innogineering
innovation À¡“¬∂÷ß ·π«§‘¥«‘∏’
‡§√◊ÕË ß¡◊Õ„À¡à Ê ∑’√Ë «¡∂÷ß°√–∫«π°“√
∑’Ë𔉪 Ÿà°“√æ—≤π“ ‘π§â“·≈–∫√‘°“√
∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“¡“°°«à“‡¥‘¡
engineering À¡“¬∂÷ß °“√„™â
§«“¡√Ÿâ∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ·≈–§«“¡√Ÿâ
„π‡™‘ß‡∑§π‘§„π°“√·°âªí≠À“„Àâ°—∫
¡πÿ…¬å ´÷Ëß«‘»«°√®–µâÕß„™â®‘πµπ“-
°“√ ¥ÿ ≈ ¬æ‘ π‘ ® ·≈–‡Àµÿ º ≈„π°“√
ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
§≥‘µ»“ µ√å ·≈–·π«§‘¥„π‡™‘ßªØ‘∫µ— ‘
®“°ª√– ∫°“√≥å
°“√‡™◊ÕË ¡‚¬ß¢Õß innogineer-
ing ‡¢â“°—∫ management ¡’·π«§‘¥
Innogineering
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
À≈—° ”§—≠¥—ß·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘ ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
®“°·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘®–æ∫«à“ °“√®—¥
°“√∑’Ë„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫»‘≈ª–π—Èπ®–
𔉪 Ÿ°à “√®‘πµπ“°“√∑’‡Ë ªìπ·π«∑“ß
𔉪 Ÿà°“√§‘¥ÕÕ°πÕ°°√Õ∫ (think
out of the box) ∑’Ë𔉪 Ÿà°“√§‘¥§âπ
æ—≤π“°√–∫«π°“√„À¡à Ê  √â“ß„Àâ
‡°‘ ¥  ‘ π §â “ ·≈–°“√∫√‘ ° “√„À¡à ∑’Ë ¡’
§ÿ ≥ §à “ ¡“°°«à “ ‡¥‘ ¡ „π¢≥–∑’Ë ° “√
®— ¥ °“√∑’Ë „ Àâ § «“¡ ”§— ≠ °— ∫ «‘ ∑ ¬“-
»“ µ√å®–π”‰ª Ÿà°“√§â𧑥 ∑¥≈Õß
„À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ®√‘ß π—Ëπ§◊Õ‡Àµÿº≈∑’˧”«à“
çÕ‘ π ‚π®‘ ‡ π’ ¬ √‘ ß é ®–‡ªì 𠧔µÕ∫∑’Ë
∑”„Àâ°“√®—¥°“√¡’§«“¡™—¥‡®π¡“°
¢÷Èπ
‡Àµÿº≈∑’Ë ”§—≠Õ’°ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß
§◊Õ π«—µ°√√¡ (innovation) ∫àÕ¬§√—Èß
∑’Ë ‰ ¡à   “¡“√∂¥”‡π‘ π °“√µà Õ ‰¥â À √◊ Õ
‰¡à “¡“√∂ √â“ß∑”„À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â®√‘ß
°“√∫Ÿ√≥“°“√√–À«à“ß innovation ‡¢â“
°—∫ engineering ¿“¬„µâ°“√®—¥°“√∑’Ë
≈ßµ—« ®–‡ªìπ°“√ √â“ß„À⇰‘¥ ‘π§â“
·≈–∫√‘°“√„À¡à °“√„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠
°—∫∑—Èß Õß·π«§‘¥π’ȇ∑à“°—∫‡ªìπ°“√
¢¬“¬º≈°“√π”‡Õ“ art + science
´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π »“ µ√å ∑’Ë ¡’ Õ ¬Ÿà · ≈â « „π∏√√¡-
™“µ‘ ¡ “ª√–¬ÿ ° µå „ ™â „ Àâ ≈ ßµ— « °— ∫  ‘Ë ß
·«¥≈âÕ¡∏ÿ√°‘®„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ·≈– àߺ≈
∑”„Àâ°“√®—¥°“√¢ÕßÕߧ尓√∏ÿ√°‘®
π—Èπ Ê ¡’§«“¡√à«¡ ¡—¬¡“°¢÷Èπ
µ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕßÕ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß∑’‡Ë ÀÁπ
™—¥ ‡™àπ Õ“§“√ The State of Illinois
Center ∑’˵—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà°≈“߇¡◊Õß™‘§“‚° ∑’Ë
∑”„Àâ ‡ ÀÁ π ™— ¥ «à “ º≈ß“π¢Õß«‘ » «°√
À√◊ Õ ß“π«‘ » «°√√¡®–µâ Õ ß‰¡à „ ™à · §à
 √â“ߢ÷ÈπÀ√◊Õ∑”„Àâ ”‡√Á®‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà
®–µâÕß “¡“√∂√Õß√—∫§«“¡§“¥À«—ß
À√◊Õ¢âÕ®”°—¥¢Õß°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑’Ë
®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πÕ𓧵‰¥â Õ“§“√À≈—ßπ’È
 √â “ ߢ÷È π ‚¥¬‡ªì π º≈ß“π∑’Ë   √â “ ߢ÷È π
 ”‡√Á ® À“°¥Ÿ · ∫∫º‘ « ‡º‘ π Õ“®‰¡à ¡’
Õ–‰√·µ°µà“ß®“°Õ“§“√Õ◊Ëπ ·µà ‘Ëß∑’Ë
·µ°µà“ß §◊Õ Õ“§“√π’È∂Ÿ°ÕÕ°·∫∫„Àâ
 “¡“√∂√Õß√—∫°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉¥â
∂÷ßÕ’° Ò ªï °≈à“«§◊Õ ∑—Èß«‘»«°√
· ≈ –   ∂ “ ª π‘ ° ® – µâ Õ ß   “ ¡ “ √ ∂
®‘πµπ“°“√„À≥â«à“„πÕ’°Àπ÷Ëß√âÕ¬ªï
¢â“ßÀπâ“Õ–‰√®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ·≈–®–∑”
Õ¬à “ ߉√ „Àâ Õ “§“√π’È   “¡“√∂µÕ∫
 πÕß°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßπ—Èπ Ê ‰¥â
¥—ßπ—Èπ ºŸâ‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡®÷߉¥â
∫—≠≠—µ‘§”«à“ çÕ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ßé ¢÷Èπ
‡æ√“–‰¥â §â π §«â “ ·≈â « ‰¡à æ ∫»— æ ∑å π’È
„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡„¥ ®÷߉¥â∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å
§”π’È ¢÷È π ¡“‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ° “√ √â “ ßÕ𓧵
¢Õß¡πÿ…¬™“µ‘¡§’ «“¡™—¥‡®π¡“°¢÷πÈ
‚¥¬ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√·≈–¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’Ë
¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ∏√√¡™“µ‘¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ °“√
æ—≤𓇪ìπ‰ªµ“¡°√Õ∫¢Õß·π«§‘¥
¿“¬„µâ ®‘ π µπ“°“√∑’Ë ∫ √‘  ÿ ∑ ∏‘Ï ´÷Ë ß
ºŸ‡â ¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡¡’§«“¡µ—ßÈ „®„À⧫“¡
À¡“¬¢ÕßÕ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß„π∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’
§◊Õ °“√®—¥°“√∑’Ë„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫
»“ µ√å · ≈–»‘ ≈ ª– ‡πâ π °“√ √â “ ß
°√–∫«π°“√§‘ ¥ ∑’Ë ¡ÿà ß ¡—Ë π æ— ≤ π“„Àâ
‡°‘¥§«“¡§‘¥  ‘ËߢÕß «‘∏’°“√ ‡§√◊ËÕß
¡◊Õ„À¡à Ê ∑’Ë “¡“√∂™à«¬„Àâ¡πÿ…¬å
 “¡“√∂·°âªí≠À“‰¥âÕ¬à“ß≈ßµ—«°—∫
 ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡∑’Ë ‡ ª≈’Ë ¬ π‰ªÕ¬à “ ß √â “ ß
 √√§å ∑’Ë ”§—≠‡ªìπ°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå “¢“
90
«‘ ™ “À≈“¬·¢πß¡“ºπ«°√«¡‡æ◊Ë Õ
 √â“ß„Àâ ß‘Ë ∑’æË ≤
— π“π—πÈ Ê ¬—ߪ√–‚¬™πå
„Àâ ”‡√Á® Ÿß ÿ¥ ∑—Èß„πªí®®ÿ∫—π·≈–„π
Õ𓧵 ‚¥¬®–π”¡“´÷Ëߪ√–‚¬™πåµàÕ
¡«≈¡πÿ…¬™“µ‘·≈–µàÕ‚≈°∑’ˇ√“Õ“»—¬
Õ¬Ÿà‚¥¬µ√ß
µ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕßÕ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß∑’Ëπà“
 π„® §◊Õ ∫√‘…—∑ SONY ∑’Ë°àÕµ—Èß‚¥¬
π“¬Õ–°‘‚Õ– ‚¡√‘µ– (Akio Morita)
·≈–π“¬¡–´–√ÿ Õ‘ ∫ÿ ° – (Masaru
Ibuka) ∑—Èß Ú §π‰¥âµ—Èß∫√‘…—∑‡≈Á° Ê
¢÷È π ¡“ ‡√‘Ë ¡ ·√°∑”∏ÿ √ °‘ ® º≈‘ µ À¡â Õ
Àÿߢ⓫‰øøÑ“ ¿“¬À≈—ß°“√‡ªî¥∏ÿ√°‘®
‰¡à π “π≠’Ë ªÿÉ π °Á ‡ ¢â “  Ÿà   ߧ√“¡‚≈°
Õ–°‘‚Õ– ‚¡√‘µ– ¢≥–π—È π µâ Õ ß‡ªì π
∑À“√√—∫„™â™“µ‘ ‚¥¬‡ªìπ∑À“√Àπ૬
«‘ ∑ ¬ÿ ‡æ√“–‡¢“‡Õß®∫°“√»÷ ° …“
√–¥—∫ª√‘≠≠“µ√’ ®“°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
‚µ‡°’ ¬ « À≈— ß ®“° ß§√“¡ ß∫‡¢“
°≈—∫¡“∑’Ë∫√‘…—∑¢Õ߇¢“ æ∫«à“ ¿“æ
‚√ßß“π‡ ’¬À“¬¡“° À≈—ߧ“‚√ßß“π
‰¡à¡’ ¥—ßπ—Èπ „π™à«ß Ú-Û ‡¥◊Õπ·√°
À≈—ß®“°°≈—∫‡¢â“∑”ß“π ∑—Èß Ú §π
·≈–§πß“πµâÕß∑”ß“π‚¥¬„™â√à¡°“ß
‡æ◊ËÕ∑”ß“π „π¢≥–π—Èπ ‘π§â“∑’˺≈‘µ
§◊ Õ «‘ ∑ ¬ÿ ∑ √“π´‘   ‡µÕ√å ∑’Ë ¡’ ºŸâ º ≈‘ µ
®”π«π¡“° §«“¡§‘¥¢Õß∑—Èß Ú §π
§◊Õ µâÕß°“√∑”Õ–‰√∑’Ë·ª≈°„À¡à ∑—Èßπ’È
‡æ◊ÕË ‡Àµÿº≈¢Õߧ«“¡Õ¬Ÿ√à Õ¥∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®
·≈–¡’§«“¡¡ÿàß¡—ËπÕ¬à“ß·√ß°≈â“∑’Ë®–
„Àâ≈Ÿ°§â“‰¥â¡’ ‘π§â“∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“ Ÿß¡“°
¢÷Èπ ®÷߉¥â¡ÿàß¡—Ëπæ—≤π“ ª√–¥‘…∞å·≈–
ª√—∫ª√ÿß ‘π§â“µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ·π«§‘¥∑’Ë
· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß°“√°â“«‡¢â“ ŸàÕ‘π‚π-
®‘‡π’¬√‘ߢÕß∫√‘…—∑ SONY §◊Õ §«“¡
Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß : °“√®—¥°“√™—Èπ§√Ÿ

µâÕß°“√ª√–¥‘…∞å«‘∑¬ÿ·∫∫„À¡à∑’Ë„™â
ß“π‰¥â¡“°°«à“  –¥«°„π°“√æ°æ“
®“°®ÿ¥µ√ßπ’Èπ’ˇÕß∑”„Àâæ«°‡¢“π”
‡Õ“§«“¡§‘¥®“°®‘πµπ“°“√ »‘≈ª–
µà“ß Ê ¡“¢¡«¥√«¡°—π ‚¥¬°√–∑”
ºà “ π·π«§‘ ¥ „π‡™‘ ß «‘ » «°√√¡ ‡æ◊Ë Õ
 √â “ ߪ√–‚¬™πå „ Àâ °— ∫ Õÿ µ  “À°√√¡
‚¥¬º≈®“°°“√Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß °Á§◊Õ
‡§√◊ËÕ߇ ’¬ßæ°æ“ (Walkman) ∑’ˉ¥â
 √â“ß™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß„Àâ°—∫ SONY Õ¬à“ß¡“°
·≈–‡ªì π Õÿ ª °√≥å Õ‘ ‡ ≈Á ° ∑√Õπ‘ °  å ∑’Ë
𔧫“¡∫—π‡∑‘ß¡“ Ÿà∑ÿ°§π‰¥â –¥«°
¡“°¢÷Èπ‡æ√“– “¡“√∂æ°æ“‰¥â
®“°µ—«Õ¬à“ß®–æ∫«à“ µ√√°–
∑“ߧ«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë∑”„À⮑πµπ“°“√¢Õß
¡πÿ…¬å “¡“√∂‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®√‘߉¥â ¥—ßπ—Èπ
®÷ß®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–µâÕ߇¢â“„®·π«§‘¥¢Õß
Ú §”π’ÈÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π‡ªìπ√–∫∫ ‡æ√“–
®–∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ º≈„π∑“ߪؑ ∫— µ‘ ‰ ¥â
Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß®÷߇ªì𧔵Õ∫∑’ˇÀ¡“–
 ¡ ‡æ√“– “¡“√∂Õ∏‘∫“¬·≈–„™â‡ªìπ
·π«∑“ß„π°“√π”‡Õ“§«“¡§‘¥ §«“¡
Ωíπ ®‘πµπ“°“√¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ‰ª Ÿà°“√
ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ∑’Ë   “¡“√∂º≈— ° ¥— π ÕÕ°¡“„Àâ
‡ªìπ√Ÿª∏√√¡‰¥â
°√–∫«π°“√Õ‘ π ‚π®‘ ‡ π’ ¬ √‘ ß
·∑â®√‘ß·≈â«¡’°“√„™âÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬
∑—Èß„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡°“√º≈‘µ·≈–°“√
„Àâ∫√‘°“√ ·µà‰¡à¡’°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å
‡©æ“–ÕÕ°¡“„™â ° “√𔉪 Ÿà ° “√
ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ∑’Ë ª √–°Õ∫°— π §√∫∑ÿ ° Õߧå
ª√–°Õ∫®–ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á ® ‰¥â
√«¥‡√Á«°«à“°“√°√–∑”‡©æ“– à«π„¥
 à«πÀπ÷Ëß °“√¢“¥À“¬‰ª¢ÕßÕߧå
ª√–°Õ∫®– àߺ≈∑”„Àâº≈ß“ππ—Èπ Ê
º≈‘π ¿Ÿà®√Ÿ≠
‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å À√◊ÕÕ“®‡ √Á®™â“≈ß·≈–
‰¡à   “¡“√∂·¢à ß ¢— π ‰¥â „ πµ≈“¥  ‘Ë ß
µà “ ß Ê ‡À≈à “ π’È ‡ ªì π ª√‘ » π“¢Õß
Õߧ尓√À≈“¬Õß§å °“√∑’Ë∑”„ÀâµâÕß
µ‘¥°—∫°—∫¥—°∑“ߧ«“¡§‘¥π’È ´÷ËßÀ“°
Õߧ尓√µ‘¥°—∫¥—°π’Èπ“π‡°‘π‰ª Õ“®
¡’º≈∑”„ÀâÕߧå°√∂Ÿ°≈∫™◊ËÕÕÕ°®“°
∑”‡π’¬∫°“√·¢àߢ—π‰¥â
·π«§‘¥·∫∫ outside-in
·π«§‘ ¥ outside-in ‡ªì π °“√
®—¥°“√∑’˪√–¬ÿ°µå„™â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¿“æ√«¡
®“°¿“¬πÕ° ‚¥¬°“√§âπ§«â“ √—∫øíß
°“√· «ßÀ“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√
 √ÿªº≈„π‡™‘ß∫Ÿ√≥“°“√ √«¡∂÷ß°“√
µ‘ ¥ µ“¡°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ߢÕß ‘Ë ß
·«¥≈âÕ¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®“°
ª√– ∫°“√≥å ® √‘ ß ·≈–π”‡Õ“ª√–-
 ∫°“√≥å π—È π ‡¢â “ ¡“ª√–¬ÿ ° µå „ ™â °— ∫
‡Àµÿ°“√≥剥âÕ¬à“ß≈ßµ—« ·≈– “¡“√∂
π”¡“ª√–¬ÿ ° µå „ ™â „ π°“√¥”‡π‘ π
∏ÿ √ °‘ ® Õ¬à “ ß™“≠©≈“¥ ‚¥¬°“√§‘ ¥
„π≈—°…≥–π’È®–‡πâπ°“√§‘¥·∫∫ÕÕ°
πÕ°°√Õ∫ ·≈–Õ“®®–µâ Õ ß¡’ ° “√
∑¥≈Õß∑”´È”À≈“¬§√—Èß ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡
¡ÿà ß ¡—Ë π Õ¬à “ ß·√ß°≈â “ ‡ªì π ·√ß π— ∫
 πÿπ
ª√“°Ø°“√≥å outside-in ∑”„Àâ
 “¡“√∂ √â“ßÕ–‰√‰¥âÀ≈“¬ Ê Õ¬à“ß
µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë™—¥‡®π§◊Õ ‡Œπ√’ øÕ√å¥
(Henry Ford) „§√®–‡™◊ËÕ«à“‡¥Á°Àπÿà¡
∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ¡“„πµ√–°Ÿ≈∏√√¡¥“ ·µà
 ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ‡ ¢“√— ∫ √Ÿâ ® “°¿“¬πÕ°‡™à π °“√
‰¥â√—∫π“Ãî°“®“°æàÕ¢Õ߇¢“ ∑”„Àâ
‡¢“ π„®«à“ ∑”‰¡‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√‡§√◊ËÕßπ’È
91
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
∂÷ß∑”ß“π‰¥â ‡«≈“∑’ˇ¢“‰¢≈“π·≈â«
‡¢“®÷ß·°–¡—πÕÕ° ·≈–∑’Ë·ª≈°°«à“
§πÕ◊Ëπ§◊Õ ‡¢“ “¡“√∂‡Õ“¡—π°≈—∫
‡¢â“∑’ˉ¥âÕ¬à“ߥ’ ´÷Ëߢ≥–π—Èπ‡¢“Õ“¬ÿ
‡æ’¬ß ÒÚ ªï‡∑à“π—Èπ ·≈–°“√√—∫√Ÿâ
«à“ ‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√∑’ˇ¢“‡ÀÁπ„π¢≥–π—Èπ
∑”ß“π‰¥âÕ¬à“ßπà“ª√–∑—∫„® À≈—ß®“°
∑’ˇ¢“‰¥â‡ÀÁπ‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√∑’Ë„™âæ≈—ßß“π
‰ÕπÈ”∑”ß“π ∑”„À⇢“‡°‘¥·√ß∫—π¥“≈
„®„π°“√§‘¥∑”‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√‡§√◊ËÕ߬πµå
∑’Ë∑”ß“π‰¥â®√‘ß
µàÕ¡“‡¢“‰¥â‡¥‘π∑“߇¢â“‡¡◊Õß
·≈â« ¡—§√ß“π°—∫∫√‘…—∑º≈‘µ‡√◊Õ¬πµå
®“°°“√‰¥â√∫— §«“¡√Ÿ∑â ‡’Ë °’¬Ë «°—∫‡§√◊ÕË ß
®—°√‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ ∑”„À⇥Á°ÀπÿࡇŒπ√’
øÕ√å¥ ‡°‘¥§«“¡·µ°©“π„𧫓¡√Ÿâ
„À¡à Ê π—Èπ À≈—ß®“°∑”ß“π‰¥â Û ªï
‡¢“®÷ ß °≈— ∫ ¡“∫â “ π ·≈â « ‡√‘Ë ¡ º≈‘ µ
‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√ßà“¬ Ê ∑’Ë∫√‘…—∑ Westing-
house ´÷Ëßµ‘¥µàÕ„À⇢“∑” ®“°ª√– ∫
°“√≥åππ—È ‡Õß∑”„À⇢“§‘¥º≈‘µ√∂¬πµå
¢÷È π ¥â « ¬µπ‡Õß ¥â « ¬·√ß∫— 𠥓≈„®
π’ˇÕß∑”„À⇢“æ—≤π“√∂¬πµåµâπ·∫∫
¢÷Èπ´÷Ë߇¢“°Á∑” ”‡√Á® ®“°π—Èπ‡¢“§‘¥
«à“‡¢“πà“®–∑”‰¥â¥’°«à“ ‡¢“®÷ß¡ÿàß¡—Ëπ
∑”¢÷Èπ¡“®π ”‡√Á®
√∂¬πµå Model A ·≈– Model B
∑’Ë∫√‘…—∑øÕ√å¥ º≈‘µ®”Àπà“¬‡ªìπ°“√
¬◊π¬—𧫓¡ ”‡√Á®¢Õ߇¢“ ·µà§«“¡
§‘¥ outside-in ¬—ßÕ¬Ÿà°—∫‡¢“ ‡æ√“–∂÷ß
·¡â√∂∑’ËÕÕ°·∫∫®–®”Àπà“¬‰¥â ·µà
‡¢“°Á¬—߉¡àæÕ„®‡æ√“–§‘¥«à“™“«π“
·≈–§π∑—Ë « ‰ª¡’ § «“¡µâ Õ ß°“√„™â √ ∂
‡™àπ°—π ·µà‡π◊ËÕß®“°√∂¬πµå¢≥–π—Èπ
¡’√“§“·æß¡“° ∑’Ë ”§—≠√∂ «¬ Ê
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
‡À≈à“π—Èπ°≈—∫„™âß“π·∫∫ ¡∫ÿ° ¡∫—π
®√‘ß Ê ‰¡à‰¥â ‡ªìπ‡æ√“–‰¡à‰¥â¡’°“√
ÕÕ°·∫∫ „Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫ ¿“æ®√‘ß
´÷Ë ß ¢≥–π—È π ∂ππ¡’ · µà ‚ §≈π √∂®÷ ß
®”‡ªìπµâÕßÕÕ°·∫∫„Àâ≈âÕ¬° Ÿß¢÷Èπ
‡æ◊ËÕ¢—∫¢â“¡§—ππ“·≈–≈”∏“√‡≈Á° Ê
‰¥â ·≈–∑’Ë ”§—≠µâÕß∑”„Àâ¡’√“§“∂Ÿ°
·≈–µâ Õ ß„™â ß “π‰¥â „ π∑ÿ °  ¿“æ √∂
Ford Model T ®÷߉¥â∂Ÿ°æ—≤π“¢÷Èπ
´÷Ë߉¥â‡ª≈’ˬπµ”π“π°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß®“°
¡â“¡“ Ÿà√∂¬πµå‚¥¬ ‘Èπ‡™‘ß ‡æ√“–¡’
√“§“∂Ÿ°·≈–„™âß“π‰¥â∑°ÿ  ∂“π°“√≥å
¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¡“°°«à“¡â“ ∂÷ߢπ“¥
¡’°“√§‘¥«à“ çÀ“°øÕ√奉¡àº≈‘µ Model
T ¢÷Èπ æ«°‡√“Õ“®®–¬—ß„™â¡â“„π°“√
‡¥‘π∑“ßÕ¬Ÿàé π’Ë·À≈– Õ–‰√∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡®“°
»“ µ√å ∏ √√¡™“µ‘ ‡°Á ∫ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ¡“„Àâ
¡“° π”¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ¡“ª√–¡«≈º≈‚¥¬
ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√ innovation ·≈–
engineering ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ innogineering
´÷Ë ß  “¡“√∂‡ªì π °“√®— ¥ °“√∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ
‡°‘¥ª√–‚¬™πåÕπ—πµå
·π«§‘¥·∫∫ inside-out
À≈—ß®“°‡√“ √â“ߧ«“¡‡¢â“„®∑’Ë
™—¥‡®π°—∫ outside-in ·≈â« “¡“√∂
 √ÿ ª ‰¥â «à “ ‡ªì 𠧫“¡ ”‡√Á ® „π√–¥— ∫
Àπ÷Ëß„π°“√º≈—°¥—πæ≈—ߧ«“¡ “¡“√∂
¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å¿“¬„µâÕߧåªí≠≠“∑’Ë𔉪
 Ÿà°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ ‚¥¬ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√
Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß ·µà∂â“®–„À⇰‘¥§«“¡
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¡“°¢÷È𮔇ªìπµâÕß„À⧫“¡
 ”§— ≠ °— ∫ ·π«§‘ ¥ inside-out ¥â«¬
´÷Ëß inside-out ¡’√–¥—∫§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥
ÕàÕπ ≈÷°´÷Èß·µ°µà“ß°—πÕÕ°‰ªµ“¡
ª√– ∫°“√≥å §«“¡√Ÿâ ·≈–ªí≠≠“
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ∑—Èß Ú ·π«§‘¥®–µâÕ߇°‘¥
¢÷πÈ ¥”‡π‘πÕ¬Ÿà ·≈–‡ªìπ‰ªæ√âÕ¡ Ê °—π
®÷ß®–‡°‘¥ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥ ∑—È ß π’È
µâ Õ ß‡ªì π °“√°√–∑”∑’Ë ºà “ π°√–∫«π
°“√®‘πµπ“°“√ °“√§‘¥ °“√∑¥≈Õß
≈ß¡◊Õ∑”
π—°∏ÿ√°‘®∑’˪√“¥‡ª√◊ËÕß°Á®–π”
‡Õ“ ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë µ π‡Õß – ¡®“° outside-
in ºπ«°°—∫µ—«µπ¢Õßµπ‡Õß∑’ˇ¢â“„®
∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡
ª√–°Õ∫°—∫§«“¡µ—Èß„®®√‘ß µ—Èß„®¥’
§‘ ¥ ∂÷ ß §πÕ◊Ë π ·≈–¡’ «‘ ≠ ≠“≥¢Õßπ— °
µà Õ  Ÿâ ∂÷ ß ·¡â «à “ ®–µâ Õ ß≈â ¡ ‡À≈«®“°
°“√¥”‡π‘π ß“π ‡¢“°Á ¬— ß µà Õ  Ÿâ µà Õ ®π
°√–∑—Ëߪ√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á® °“√®—¥
°“√·∫∫Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ߧ◊Õ
𓬠‡®. ¥—∫‡∫‘≈¬Ÿ. ‡¡Õ√å√’ÕÕµ
(J. W. Marriot) ¡’Õ“™’æ¢Õ߇¢“∑’Ë
‡ªìπæπ—°ß“π¢“¬∑’˵âÕß√Õπ·√¡§â“ß
§◊πµ“¡‚√ß·√¡‡ªìπª√–®” ‡¢“‡Õß
‡√‘Ë ¡ ‡°Á ∫ ‡°’Ë ¬ «ª√– ∫°“√≥å «à “ „π
‚√ß·√¡∑’ˇ¢â“æ—° à«π„À≠à ∫“ߧ√—Èß
¡’√“§“·æ߇°‘π‰ª ”À√—∫ºŸâ·∑π¢“¬
¬‘Ëß°«à“π—Èπ¬—߉¡à¡’Õÿª°√≥å ‡™àπ ‚∑√-
»—æ∑å ‚∑√‡≈¢ ‡∑‡≈°´å ∑’Ë®–™à«¬„Àâ
‡¢“µ‘¥µàÕ°≈—∫¡“¬—ß ”π—°ß“πÕ’°¥â«¬
∑”„À⇢“≈”∫“°„π°“√µ‘¥µàÕ∏ÿ√°‘®
„π√–À«à“߇¥‘π∑“ßÕ¬à“ß¡“° ¬‘Ëß°«à“
π—ÈπÕ“À“√„π‚√ß·√¡ à«π„À≠à¡’√“§“
·æß·≈–¥Ÿ®–À√ŸÀ√“‡°‘π°«à“∑’Ë®–°‘π
Õ¬Ÿàª√–®”«—π‰¥â ∑’ˇ≈«√⓬°«à“π—Èπ§◊Õ
‡µ’¬ß ∑’ËπÕπ ·≈–À¡Õπ¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ
‰¡à‡À¡“– ¡°—∫√“§“∑’˵âÕß®à“¬ ∑”
„Àâ∑ÿ°§√—Èß∑’ˇ¢â“æ—°‚√ß·√¡‡¢“®–‡°Á∫
92
√“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥µà “ß Ê ®“°°“√ —߇°µ
(outside-in) µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“
inside-out ¢Õ߇¡Õ√å√’ÕÕµ §◊Õ
„π∞“π–ºŸâ·∑π¢“¬‡¢“§‘¥‡ ¡Õ«à“∂â“
‡¢“Õ“¬ÿ¡“°¢÷Èπ °“√‡¥‘π∑“ß·∫∫π’È
‡ªìπª√–®”§ß‰¡à‡À¡“– ‡¢“®÷ߧ‘¥∑’Ë
®– √â“ß‚√ß·√¡¢π“¥æÕ¥’ ‚¥¬¡Õß
«à “ ®–‡ªì π ‚√ß·√¡∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡≈ßµ— «
‡À¡“– ¡°—∫æπ—°ß“π¢“¬∑’˵âÕß„™â
™’ «‘ µ „π‚√ß·√¡‡ªì π  à « π„À≠à ·µà
§«“¡§‘¥∑’ˇ¢“§‘¥®–‡Õ“‰«â∑”„πµÕπ
·°à ®”‡ªìπµâÕßπ”¡“∑”°àÕπ ‡æ√“–
‡¢“¡’‡Àµÿ∑’˵âÕßÕÕ°®“°ß“π ∑”„Àâ
‡¢“À—π¡“¥”‡π‘π∏ÿ√°‘®‚√ß·√¡∑’˵—Èß„®
‰«â „π·∫∫∑’ˇ¢“«“¥¿“æ«à“§«√®–
‡ªìπ §◊Õ
ë ‡ªìπ‚√ß·√¡∑’Ë∑”„À⺟⇢â“æ—°
√Ÿâ ÷°‡À¡◊ÕπÕ¬Ÿà∫â“π ‡æ√“–‡¢â“„®«à“
°“√æ— ° ∑’Ë Õ◊Ë π ∑”„Àâ § «“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° §‘ ¥ ∂÷ ß
∫â“π¡“° °“√∑”‡™àππ’ȧπ∑’Ë¡“æ—°®–
√Ÿâ ÷°¥’ ¡’Õ“À“√„π¿—µµ“§“√∑’ˇÀ¡◊Õπ
·¡à∫â“π∑”„Àâ ¡’√ ™“µ‘·≈–√“§“∑’Ë
‰¡à·æß®π‡°‘π‰ª ‡æ‘Ë¡§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß
À¡Õπ ºâ“Àà¡ ‡µ’¬ß∑’Ë∑”„À⺟âæ—°√Ÿâ ÷°
 ∫“¬‡À¡◊ÕπÕ¬Ÿà∫â“π
ë ‡πâπ°“√„À⧫“¡ –¥«° ∫“¬
„π°“√®—¥À“Õÿª°√≥å ◊ËÕ “√∑’Ë ”§—≠
¡’ ”π—°ß“π‰ª√…≥’¬‡å ≈Á° Ê ‚∑√»—æ∑å
‚∑√‡≈¢ œ≈œ ∑’˺Ÿâ·∑π¢“¬®”‡ªìπµâÕß
„™â„π√–À«à“ß°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ
µ‘¥µàÕ°—∫∫√‘…—∑
ë ‡πâπ‡√◊ÕË ß§«“¡‡ªìπ°—π‡ÕߢÕß
æπ—°ß“π°—∫≈Ÿ°§â“ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√„Àâ
§«“¡ ”§—≠°—∫√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‡≈Á° Ê ∑’Ë
®–∑”„À⺟⇢â“æ—°ª√–∑—∫„®
Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß : °“√®—¥°“√™—Èπ§√Ÿ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

„§√®–‡™◊Ë Õ «à “ ®“°‚√ß·√¡·Àà ß ·π«∑“ß„π°“√∑”ß“π∑’Ë   “¡“√∂ ∑’Ë∑”®–ª√– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á® Õ“®®–µâÕß

·√°∑’Ë ‡ ¡Õ√å √’ Õ Õµ‡¢â “ ¡“∫√‘ À “√´÷Ë ß
¡’®”π«π‡æ’¬ß ˆ ÀâÕß ®“°§«“¡
§‘¥¡“ Ÿà°“√°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬·≈–°“√
ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑’Ë¥’ ¿“¬„µâ®‘µ„®∑’Ë¥’ ‚√ß·√¡
Marriott ªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡§√◊Õ
‚√ß·√¡∑’Ë„À≠à∑’Ë ÿ¥„π‚≈° ¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß
„π‡√◊ËÕß°“√„Àâ∫√‘°“√ §«“¡‡¢â“„®
·≈–¡‘ µ √®‘ µ ¡‘ µ √„®∑’Ë   √â “ ߧ«“¡æ÷ ß
æÕ„®„Àâ°—∫ºŸâ‡¢â“æ—°‰¥âÕ¬à“ߥ’‡¬’ˬ¡
‡√“®–‡ÀÁ π °“√º ¡º “π¢Õß out-
side-in °—∫ inside-out ∑’Ë¡’Õ‘π‚π-
®‘‡π’¬√‘߉¥âÕ¬à“ߥ’
º≈—°¥—π ·≈–®ÿ¥ª√–°“¬∑“ߧ«“¡§‘¥
∑’Ë®–™à«¬∑”„À⇰‘¥Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘߉¥â
®“°°√Õ∫·π«§‘¥∑’Ë Capodayli
& Tackson  √ÿª Disney Way ‡¢“‰¥â
 √ÿªµ—«·ª√ ”§—≠ §◊Õ Ωíπ (Dream)
‡™◊ËÕ (Believe) °≈â“ (Dare) ∑” (Do)
·µàºŸâ‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡§‘¥«à“¬—߉¡à‡æ’¬ß
æÕ ‡æ√“–°“√∑’Ë®–∑”„Àâ·πà„®«à“ ‘Ëß
Innogineering Model
Innovation
∑¥≈Õß≈ß¡◊Õ∑”À≈“¬§√—Èß ´÷Ëß∫“ß
§√—È ß °«à “ ®–ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á ® µâ Õ ß
„™â‡«≈“π“π¡“° ºŸâ‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡®÷ß
‡æ‘Ë¡µ—«·ª√ 秫“¡‡æ’¬√欓¬“¡é
(Perseverance) ‡¢â“‰ªÕ’° Ò µ—« ‚¥¬
„Àâ ‡ ªì π µ— « ·ª√∑’Ë  ”§— ≠ „π°“√ √â “ ß
„Àâµ—«·∫∫π’È¡’æ≈«—µ (dynamic) ¡“°
¢÷Èπ ®÷߇√’¬°µ—«·∫∫π’È«à“ 3DBP
Outside-in

µ—«·∫∫·π«§‘¥ Dream-Believe- Art

Dream
Dare-Do-Perseverance : DBDDP Believe
Innogineering Dare Industry
Model Management Do Leader
Perseverance
®“°·π«§‘¥°“√®—¥°“√„π°“√
DBDDP Model
 √â“ßÕ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß„À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ®√‘ß Science
·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥ Õߧ尓√
Engineering Inside-out
·≈–¡πÿ…¬å®–µâÕß¡’µ—«·∫∫∑’Ë “¡“√∂
„™â ‡ ªì π ·π«∑“ß„π°“√𔉪„™â „ Àâ
ªØ‘∫—µ‘‰¥â®√‘ß ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√∑”ß“π
∫√√≈ÿ§«“¡ ”‡√Á®µ“¡∑’Ë¡ÿàßÀ«—ß °√Õ∫ µ—«·∫∫ 3DBP
·π«§‘¥ 3DBP ®÷߉¥â∂Ÿ°æ—≤π“¢÷Èπ
‚¥¬æ—≤π“µàÕ¬Õ¥®“°·π«§‘¥„π‡√◊ÕË ß
The Disney Way: Bill Capodayli &
Lynn Tackson ‚¥¬‰¥â¡’°“√°≈à“«
∂÷߇Àµÿº≈‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ߧ«“¡ ”‡√Á®¢Õß
«Õ≈µå ¥‘ π’¬å (Walt Disney) π—°‡¢’¬π
°“√嵟π™◊ËÕ°âÕß‚≈°∑’Ë √â“ßΩíπ¢Õ߇¢“ §«“¡‡æ’¬√欓¬“¡
„Àâ ‡ ªì π ®√‘ ß ®“°°“√»÷ ° …“æ∫«à “
‡∫◊È Õ ßÀ≈— ß §«“¡ ”‡√Á ® ¢Õß√“™“π— °
‡¢’ ¬ π°“√å µŸ π ºŸâ π’È ¡’ · 𫧑 ¥ „π°“√
∑”ß“π·≈–°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ À√◊Õ·¡â
·µà°“√‡¢â“„®∂÷߇Àµÿº≈„π°“√¡’™’«‘µ
Õ¬Ÿà ∑’Ë “¡“√∂π”¡“ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â‡ªìπ

º≈‘π ¿Ÿà®√Ÿ≠
93
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
®“°™’«µ‘ ∑’‡Ë °‘¥¡“· π®–∏√√¡¥“
¢Õß𓬫Õ≈µå ¥‘ π’¬å ‡¢“‰¥â„™âæ√
 «√√§å∑’˵‘¥µ—«¡“  √â“ßΩíπ∑’ˉ¡à„™à
‡©æ“–¢Õ߇¢“ ·µà‡ªìπΩíπ¢Õ߇¥Á° Ê
∑—È ß ‚≈°„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ‡ªì 𠧫“¡®√‘ ß ¢÷È π ¡“
®“°§«“¡∑’ˇªìππ—°§‘¥ π—°Ωíπ ∑’ˇ¢“
¡— ° ®–‡∑’Ë ¬ «∫Õ°°— ∫ ‡æ◊Ë Õ π√à « ¡ß“π
‡ ¡Õ«à“ ®‘πµπ“°“√ §◊Õ·√ß∫—π¥“≈
„® ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡Ωí𠧫“¡‡™◊ËÕ ·≈–
§«“¡°≈â “ º≈— ° ¥— π „Àâ ‡ ¢“µ— ¥  ‘ π „®
≈ß¡◊ Õ °√–∑”„π ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ¡’ § ππâ Õ ¬§π
§‘¥∑’Ë®–∑”„À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ¡“°àÕπ ‡æ√“–
·§à§«“¡À«—ß°Á “¡“√∂∫—π¥“≈§«“¡
 ÿ ¢ ‰¥â · ≈â « ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â §‘ ¥ ·µà ® –¥’ ¡ “°∂â “
æ«°‡√“ “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë Ωí 𠉫â
ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®‰¥â
Dream›Ωíπ
Dream ‡√“Õ“®¡Õß≈÷°‰ª‰¥â«à“
·∑â®√‘ß°Á§◊Õ °“√®‘πµπ“°“√ ∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å
∑ÿ ° ºŸâ ∑ÿ ° π“¡≈â « π·≈â « ·µà ¡’ ¥â « ¬°— π
∑—È ß  ‘È π ·µà ®‘ π µπ“°“√¢Õß¡πÿ … ¬å
π—ËπÀ√◊Õ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ¡πÿ…¬å∫‘π‰¥â ∑”„Àâ
¡πÿ…¬å¡’§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà¥’¢÷Èπ π—Ëπ·À≈–
∑’ˇ√“®÷ß°≈à“««à“°“√∑” °“√ √â“ßΩíπ
„Àâ ‡ ªì π ®√‘ ß ‡ªì π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë ∑â “ ∑“¬Õ¬à “ ß
¡“° ∑’Ë  ”§— ≠ °“√‡°‘ ¥ §«“¡ ”‡√Á ®
µâÕß°“√µ—«·ª√∑’Ë ”§—≠ §◊Õ §«“¡
Ωí π ¡“°  ‘Ëß∑’Ë«Õ≈µå ¥‘ π’¬å ∑”¡“
À“‡≈’Ȭߙ’æ„π«—¬µâπ§◊Õ °“√‡¢’¬π
°“√嵟π≈ß„π𑵬 “√µà“ß Ê ´÷Ëß°Á‰¥â
‡ß‘π¡“‡≈’Ȭߙ’扡ࡓ°π—° ·µà®“°
§«“¡¡“π–„π°“√∑”ß“π ‡¢“¡’‚Õ°“  ·µà  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ‡ ¢“∑”·≈–«‘ ‡ »…°«à “ π— ° Ωí π
‰¥â‡¢â“‰ª∑”ß“π„π°“√‡¢’¬π°“√嵟π
ª√–°Õ∫ ®“°‚Õ°“ π—È π ∑”„Àâ ‡ ¢“
‡ÀÁπ‚Õ°“ ®“°µ≈“¥∑’Ë¡’™àÕß«à“ßÕ¬Ÿà
(outside-in) ‡æ√“–¿“æ¬πµ√å„π¢≥–
π—ÈπµâÕß¡’ºŸâ· ¥ß∑’Ë∫“ߧ√—Èß°Á´È”´“°
·≈–ºŸâ§π‰¡à¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â‡≈◊Õ°¡“°π—°
‡¢“®÷߇°‘¥§«“¡§‘¥«à“ ∂â“ “¡“√∂
∑”¿“æ¬πµ√å ° “√å µŸ π ÕÕ°¡“ Ÿà ‚ ≈°
¿“æ¬πµ√å ‰ ¥â °Á ® –‡ªì π π‘ ¡‘ µ À¡“¬
„À¡à · ≈–‡ªì π ∑“߇≈◊ Õ °„Àâ °— ∫ ºŸâ ™ ¡
®“°æ≈— ß ¢Õß°“√Ωí π π’Ë ‡ Õß∑”„Àâ ¬‘Ë ß
π“π«—π‡¢“¬‘Ëß¡’§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ«à“ §«“¡
§‘¥‡¢“∂Ÿ°µâÕß ∂÷ß·¡â«à“®–¡’À≈“¬§π
∑’ˉ¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬‡≈¬ ®“°§«“¡Ωíππ’ˇÕß
∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ ¡ πÿ … ¬å ºŸâ À π÷Ë ß °≈â “ §‘ ¥ „π ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë
‰¡àπà“®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â„À⇪ì𧫓¡®√‘ß
Believe›§«“¡‡™◊ÕË
Believe-§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ §«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ
∑’ˇ™◊ËÕÕ¬ŸàÕ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß·≈–®√‘ß„®·∫∫
∑ÿࡇ∑ ‡√’¬°«à“ ç»√—∑∏“é ®“° ‘Ëß
µà “ ß Ê ∑’Ë ª √–°Õ∫°— π ‡¢â “ ¡“‡ªì π
Õߧå√«¡π’ȇÕß §«“¡‡™◊ËÕ„πµ—«‡¢“‰¥â
∂à “ ¬∑Õ¥„Àâ °— ∫ ºŸâ § π√Õ∫¢â “ ßÕ¬à “ ß
Ωíß√“°≈÷° ∂÷ߢπ“¥∑’ˇ¢“‡Õß¡’°“√
°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬™— ¥ ‡®π«à “ „π°“√
∑”ß“ππ—Èπ ∑ÿ°§π®–µâÕß¡’§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ
„π ‘Ëß∑’˵π‡ÕßΩíπ«à“®–µâÕß∑”„À≥â
·≈–®–µâÕ߬÷¥¡—Ëπ„𧫓¡‡™◊ËÕπ—Èπ Ê
·≈– “πΩí π π—È π ‡ªì 𠧫“¡®√‘ ß „Àâ ‰ ¥â
®“° ∂“π°“√≥å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ ‡¢“
¬‘Ë߇™◊ËÕ«à“°“√嵟π¢Õ߇¢“∑’Ë¢“¬¥’À“°
¡’ ° “√æ— ≤ π“„Àâ ‡ ªì π ¿“æ¬πµ√å °Á ® –
∑”„À⇰‘¥π«—µ°√√¡„π«ß°“√·πà Ê
§πÕ◊Ëπ§◊Õ ‡¢“‡√‘Ë¡¢“¬§«“¡§‘¥„Àâ°—∫
π—°∏ÿ√°‘® π“¬∏𓧓√ ·µà¥Ÿ®–‰¡à¡’
94
„§√ π„®‡¢“¡“°π— ° ‡¡◊Ë Õ °“√ √â “ ß
¿“æ¬πµ√å„π ¡—¬π—Èπ ºŸâ≈ß∑ÿπ√«¡
∑—È ß ºŸâ °”°— ∫ ≈â « π·≈â « ·µà ® –‡≈◊ Õ °®â “ ß
¥“√“∑’Ë ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ ‡ ’ ¬ ß¡“· ¥ß ‡æ√“–
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡‡√◊ËÕß§à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√
 √â“߉¡à‡°‘π Ú ≈â“π‡À√’¬≠ ·µà„π
∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡ °“√ √â“ß¿“æ¬πµ√å
°“√嵟π Ò ‡√◊ËÕß ∑’ˉ¡à¡’π—°· ¥ß‡≈¬
°≈— ∫ µâ Õ ß¡’ π— ° ‡¢’ ¬ π°“√å µŸ π À≈“¬
√âÕ¬§π ∑”„À⇰‘¥§à“„™â®à“¬¡“°°«à“
∂÷ß Ú ‡∑à“ ∑”„À≡ࡒ„§√¬Õ¡‡ ’ˬß
≈ß∑ÿπ¥â«¬
Dare›§«“¡°≈â“ ∑’Ë𔉪 Ÿà°“√
°√–∑”›Do
§«“¡°≈â“π’ˇÕ߇ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’ËÕ∏‘∫“¬
°“√®— ¥ °“√∑’Ë „ ™â Õ‘ π ‚π®‘ ‡ π’ ¬ √‘ ß ‡ªì π
Õ¬à“ߥ’ ‡æ√“–À“°°“√®—¥°“√¡’‡æ’¬ß
µ—«·ª√ Ú µ—«·ª√·√° §◊ÕÀ“°‰¥â·µà
§‘ ¥ Ωí π ·≈–‡™◊Ë Õ ‚¥¬‰¡à ¡’ § «“¡°≈â “
∑’Ë®–≈ß¡◊Õ°√–∑” §ß‡ªìπ°“√¬“°∑’Ë
°‘®°“√„¥®– ”‡√Á® ºŸâ‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡
¢ÕÕ— ≠ ‡™‘ ≠ æ√–√“™¥”√—   ¢Õßæ√–
∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–‡®â “ Õ¬Ÿà À— « ¿Ÿ ¡‘ æ ≈-
Õ¥ÿ≈¬‡¥™ ∑’Ëæ√–Õߧå∑√ß¡Õ∫„Àâ°—∫
æ °π‘ ° √¢Õßæ√–Õß§å § «“¡µÕπ
Àπ÷Ëß „π  .§. . ªï ÚıÙÚ „®§«“¡
«à“ ç...ß“π∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ¡‘‰¥â ”‡√Á®¥â«¬
‡æ’¬ß§‘¥‡∑à“π—Èπ...é ∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁπ™—¥«à“
æ√–Õߧå ∑ √ßµâ Õ ß°“√„Àâ ª √–™“™π
¢Õßæ√–Õß§å µ √–Àπ— ° «à “ °“√§‘ ¥
‡æ’ ¬ ßÕ¬à “ ߇¥’ ¬ «‰¡à   “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ
°“√ß“π ”‡√Á®‰¥â ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√°≈â“
≈ß¡◊Õ°√–∑”®÷߇ªìπµ—«·ª√∑’Ë ”§—≠
∑’Ë®–¢“¥‡ ’¬¡‘‰¥â
Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß : °“√®—¥°“√™—Èπ§√Ÿ

À≈— ß ®“°«Õ≈µå ¥‘   π’ ¬å ‰ ¥â
欓¬“¡æŸ¥§ÿ¬°—∫π—°≈ß∑ÿπ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
‰¥â ‡ ß‘ π ¡“≈ß∑ÿ π „π¿“æ¬πµ√å ¢ Õß
µπ‡Õß„π‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ‰¡à ”‡√Á® ‡¢“®÷ß
µ—¥ ‘π„®„™â‡ß‘π∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà √â“ß¿“æ¬πµ√å
°“√嵟π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡¬“«ª√–¡“≥ Ò
π“∑’ ®“°π—Èπ°Á∑”„Àâ¿“æ¬πµ√å ¡
∫Ÿ√≥å∑’Ë ÿ¥‡∑à“∑’Ë®–∑”‰¥â ‚¥¬‡µ√’¬¡
‰«â©“¬„πß“π‡≈’Ȭ߫—π‡°‘¥∑’ˇ¢“«“ß
·ºπ«à “ ®–®— ¥ ∑’Ë ∫â “ π ‚¥¬‡™‘ ≠ ·¢°
ºŸâ¡’‡°’¬√µ‘ ‡™àπ π“¬∏𓧓√¡“√à«¡
ß“π À≈— ß ®“°∑’Ë ∑ÿ ° §π√— ∫ ª√–∑“π
Õ“À“√‡ √Á ® ‡¢“®÷ ß ‡™‘ ≠ ·¢°ÕÕ°¡“
√«¡°—π·≈â«°≈à“«¢Õ∫§ÿ≥·¢°∑’Ë¡“
√à«¡„πß“π ·≈–¢Õ· ¥ß§«“¡¢Õ∫
§ÿ≥¥â«¬°“√©“¬¿“æ¬πµ√å„Àâ∑ÿ°§π
™¡ ®“°π—Èπ∫â“π‡¢“°Á°≈“¬‡ªìπ‚√ß
¿“æ¬πµ√å‡≈Á° Ê ∑—π∑’∑—π„¥∑’Ë¿“æ-
¬πµ√åÕÕ°©“¬ ∑ÿ°§π„πÀâÕ߇ߒ¬∫
°√‘∫ ™à«ß‡«≈“ Ò π“∑’∑’Ë¿“æ¬πµ√å
©“¬Õ¬Ÿà «Õ≈µå ¥‘ π’¬å · ¥ß§«“¡
«‘µ°°—ß«≈Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π ‡æ√“–∑ÿ°§π
‡ß’¬∫°√‘∫À¡¥ ‡¢“‡Õßπ÷°«à“§«“¡
À«—ߧ«“¡ ”‡√Á®∑’Ë®–∑”„Àâ§π‡À≈à“
π—Èπ‡™◊ËÕ«à“ ‚§√ß°“√¢Õ߇¢“¡’§«“¡
‡ªì 𠉪‰¥â πâ Õ ¬¡“° ∂â “  — ß ‡°µ®“°
Õ“°“√¢Õß·¢°∑’Ë°”≈—ß™¡¿“æ¬πµ√å
∑’Ë©“¬Õ¬Ÿà‡æ’¬ß Ò π“∑’‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà
¥Ÿ ‡ À¡◊ Õ π®–¬“«π“π¡“° ”À√— ∫
«Õ≈µå ¥‘ π’¬å ·µàÀ≈—ß®“°¿“æ¬πµ√å
®∫‡™◊ÕË À√◊Õ‰¡à«“à ¡’π“¬∏𓧓√ºŸÀâ π÷ßË
≈ÿ°¢÷Èπ¬◊π·≈â«°Áª√∫¡◊Õæ√âÕ¡°—∫À—π
¡“¡Õß «Õ≈µå ¥‘ π’¬å ·≈â«°≈à“««à“
ç«‘ ‡ »…¡“° ¡— 𠇪ì π ¿“æ¬πµ√å ∑’Ë
«‘ ‡ »…®√‘ ß Ê º¡‰¡à ‡ §¬π÷ ° ‡≈¬«à “
¿“æ¬πµ√å°“√åµŸπ®–¡’§«“¡πà“ π„®
º≈‘π ¿Ÿà®√Ÿ≠
¢π“¥π’Èé ∑”„À⺟â§π∑’Ë™¡¿“æ¬πµ√å
µà “ ߇ÀÁ π ™Õ∫µ“¡ Ê °— π ´÷Ë ß ¿“¬
À≈—ßπ“¬∏𓧓√ºŸâπ—Èπ°Á‰¥â„Àâ‚Õ°“   «π πÿ°π—Èπ ÀâÕßπÈ” ”À√—∫ºŸâ‡¢â“™¡
¥‘   π’ ¬å °Ÿâ ‡ ß‘ π ¡“ √â “ ß ¿“æ¬πµ√å
°“√嵟π∑’Ë«Õ≈µå ¥‘ π’¬å  √â“ßπ—Èπ°≈—∫
∑”‡ß‘ π ‰¥â ¡ “°°«à “ ¿“æ¬πµ√å ‚ ¥¬
‡©≈’ˬ∑—Ë«‰ª ·≈–¬—ß¡’‡«≈“©“¬π“π
°«à“¿“æ¬πµ√å∑—Ë«‰ª ‡¥Á° Ê ∑—Ë«‚≈°
¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢·≈– π„®¿“æ¬πµ√å¢Õß
‡¢“Õ¬à“ß¡“°π’Ë°Á§ß‡ªìπ∫∑ √ÿª¢Õß
µ—«·ª√ ÿ¥∑⓬§◊Õ DO›∑”
®“°§«“¡ ”‡√Á ® ¢Õß «Õ≈µå
¥‘ π’¬å  “¡“√∂ √ÿª„π∑“ß«‘™“°“√
‰¥â «à “ ·π«§‘ ¥ ¢Õß«Õ≈µå ¥‘   π’ ¬å ∑’Ë
 ”§— ≠  “¡“√∂π”¡“ª√–¬ÿ ° µå „ ™â „ π
°“√®—¥°“√¡’¥—ßπ’ȧ◊Õ
ë ‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâ∑ÿ°§π„πÕߧå
°“√¡’‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®– √â“ßΩíπ¢Õßµπ‡Õß
·≈– “πΩíππ—Èπ Ê ´÷Ëß∑”„Àâµ—«°“√嵟π
∑’Ëπà“√—°¢Õß «Õ≈µå ¥‘ π’¬å ÕÕ°¡“ Ÿà
 “∏“√≥–‡ ¡Õ ‡™à π æ‘ π Õ°§‘ ‚ Õ
Lion King, Nemo œ≈œ
ë °√–µÿâπ„Àâ∑ÿ°§π‡™◊ËÕ„π ‘Ëß
∑’Ë µ πΩí π ·≈–µ“¡Ωí π π—È π Ê Õ¬à“ß¡’
À≈—°°“√∑’Ë®–∑”„Àâ ”‡√Á®„Àâ®ß‰¥â
ë „Àâ § «“¡ ”§— ≠ °— ∫ ≈Ÿ ° §â “
∑ÿ°§π·≈–∑”„À⇢“‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ·¢°
„π∫â“π¢Õ߇√“ ®“°µ√ßπ—Èπ‡Õß∑’ˇ¢“
‡Õ“§«“¡§‘¥π—Èπ Ê ¡“ √â“ߢ÷Èπ‡ªìπ
 «π πÿ° (theme park) ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
·µ°µà“ß®“°∑’ËÕ◊Ëπ ‡æ√“–‡¢“∑√“∫«à“
∑ÿ°§πÕ¬“°¡’§«“¡ πÿ°„π «π πÿ°
·µà‰¡àÕ¬“°‰ª‡∑’ˬ« ‡æ√“–ÀâÕßπÈ”
 °ª√°¡“° ‡¢“®÷ß¡’§«“¡Ωíπ·≈–‰¥â
∑”Ωíπ„À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ®√‘ߧ◊Õ ç‡¢“®– √â“ß
Ωíπ¢Õ߇¥Á°„À⇪ìπ®√‘ßé ‚¥¬ √â“ßµ—«
95
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
°“√å µŸ π „Àâ ‡ ªì π ®√‘ ß ¡“°„π «π πÿ °
∑’ˇ¢“ √â“ߢ÷Èπ ·≈–·πàπÕπ«à“¿“¬„π
‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¥‘ π’¬å«à“µâÕß¡’§«“¡ –Õ“¥
∑’Ë ÿ¥ π—Ëπ°Á‡ªìπÕ’°‡Àµÿº≈Àπ÷ËߢÕß
°“√°√–∑”∑’Ë∑”„Àâ¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·π«
§‘¥°“√®—¥°“√ «π πÿ°„À¡à ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
π‘ ¡‘ µ À¡“¬„À¡à „ π°“√®— ¥ °“√ «π
 πÿ ° „Àâ ¡’ ¡ “µ√∞“π°“√„Àâ ∫ √‘ ° “√
 Ÿß¢÷Èπ
µ—«·ª√∑’Ë„™â‡√àß Innogineering:
§«“¡‡æ’¬√欓¬“¡ (Perseve-
rance)
·π«§‘¥°“√ √â“ßÕ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß
„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ®–‰¡à   ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å À “°‰¡à ¡’
§«“¡‡æ’ ¬ √欓¬“¡„π°“√∑¥≈Õß
´È”·≈⫴ȔՒ° §«“¡‡æ’¬√‡ªìπÀπ÷Ëß
„πµ—«·ª√∑’Ë ”§—≠∑’Ë “¡“√∂ √â“ß„Àâ
‡°‘ ¥ °“√æ— ≤ π“∑’Ë ¡’ π— ¬  ”§— ≠ Õ¬à “ ß
¡“°µàÕ¡«≈¡πÿ…¬å Õ–‡≈Á°´“π‡¥Õ√å
·°√·Œ¡ ‡∫≈≈å (Alexander Graham
Bell) ‰¥âª√–¥‘…∞姑¥§âπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑’Ë
 “¡“√∂ à߇ ’¬ß‰ªµ“¡ “¬‰¥â ·∑π
∑’Ë®–‡ªìπ°“√ àß√À—  —≠≠“≥∏√√¡¥“
„π°“√∑¥≈Õßπ—È π ‡¢“„™â ∑—È ß »“ µ√å
·≈–»‘ ≈ ª–„π°“√æ— ≤ π“¿“¬„µâ
°√–∫«π°“√®—¥°“√∑’Ë¡’æ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß
°“√§‘ ¥ ÕÕ°πÕ°°√Õ∫ ‡¢“‡æ’ ¬ √
欓¬“¡∑¥≈Õ߇ªìπ‡«≈“À≈“¬§√—Èß
¡“° ®π°√–∑—Ë ß ‡æ◊Ë Õ π¢Õ߇¢“√Ÿâ  ÷ °
 ß “√ ‡æ◊Ë Õ π®÷ ß ‰¥â · π–π”„Àâ ‡ ¢“
¬°‡≈‘°°“√∑¥≈Õß ·≈–∫Õ°«à“∑’ˇ¢“
§‘¥Õ¬Ÿà¡—π‡ªìπ‰ª‰¡à‰¥â ·∑π∑’ˇ¢“®–
‡≈‘°∑”µ“¡∑’ˇæ◊ËÕπ·π–π” ‡¢“°≈—∫
µÕ∫‡æ◊ÕË π¥â«¬ª√–‚¬§∑’«Ë “à ç∑’ºË ¡∑”
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

Õ¬Ÿàπà–‰¡à„™à‡ªìπ‰ª‰¡à‰¥â ·µà ‘Ëß∑’˺¡
§âπæ∫§◊Õ «‘∏’∑’Ë∑”„À⇧√◊ËÕßπ’È„™âß“π
®√‘ß ‰¡à‰¥â¡’ ˆ «‘∏’ ´÷Ëß®–∑”„À⺡
À“«‘∏’∑’Ë∑”„À⇧√◊ËÕßπ’È∑”ß“π‰¥âßà“¬
¢÷Èπ ‡æ√“–º¡®–‰¡à∑”´È” ˆ «‘∏’π—Ëπ
Õ’°é
∫∑ √ÿª
®“°·π«§‘ ¥ °“√®— ¥ °“√·∫∫
Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß∑’Ë𔇠πÕπ’È ‡ªì𧫓¡
欓¬“¡„π°“√Õ∏‘∫“¬«à“‡æ√“–‡Àµÿ
„¥„π¢≥–∑’Ë∑ÿ°Õߧ尓√¡’°“√®—¥°“√
‡À¡◊ Õ π°— π À¡¥ ·µà ∑”‰¡Õß§å ° “√
Àπ÷Ë ß ∂÷ ß ‰¥â ª √– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á ® ¡“°
°«à “ Õß§å ° “√Õ◊Ë π Õ¬à “ ß¡“° ®÷ ß ‡ªì π
∑’Ë¡“¢ÕßÀ—«¢âÕ∫∑§«“¡∑’ˇπâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ
«à“ °“√®—¥°“√™—Èπ§√Ÿ·∑â®√‘ß §◊Õ °“√
®—¥°“√∑’Ë¡’§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥ÕàÕπ≈÷°´÷Èß
‡ªìπ°“√®—¥°“√∑’ˇ¢â“∂÷ß·°àπ “√¢Õß
»“ µ√å·≈–»‘≈ªá∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√∑’Ë„Àâ
§«“¡ ”§—≠°—∫ªí®®—¬∑—Èß∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà·≈–
∑’˵âÕ߉ªÀ“¡“„À¡à ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß„À⇰‘¥
‡ªìπ ‘π§â“ ∫√‘°“√ ·≈–·π«∑“ß„À¡à
„π°“√„™â ª √–‚¬™πå ® “°∑√— æ ¬“°√
∑’Ë¡’Õ¬ŸàÕ¬à“ß®”°—¥ µ—«Õ¬à“ß∫√‘…—∑∑’Ë
ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á ® ∑’Ë π”¡“»÷ ° …“
«‘‡§√“–Àå≈â«π·≈â«·µà¡’°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå
„™â ° “√®— ¥ °“√∑’Ë √à « ¡ ¡— ¬ ‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ß
≈ßµ—« ‚¥¬ºŸâ‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡‰¥â √ÿª
·π«§‘ ¥ °“√¥”‡π‘ π ∏ÿ √ °‘ ® ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π °“√
»÷°…“ªí®®—¬æ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß°“√®—¥°“√
Õ¬à “ ß≈÷ ° ´÷È ß ·≈–‰¥â 𔇠πÕ„π√Ÿ ª
·∫∫¢Õß°√Õ∫·π«§‘ ¥ ∑’Ë ® –∑”„Àâ
ºŸâ ∫ √‘ À “√·≈–ºŸâ ª Ø‘ ∫— µ‘ „ π∑ÿ ° √–¥— ∫
„π∑ÿ° Ê Õÿµ “À°√√¡  “¡“√∂π”
‰ªª√–¬ÿ ° µå „ ™â ‰ ¥â Õ ¬à “ ß¡’ ª √– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ -
¿“æ·≈–≈ßµ— « °— ∫  ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡∑“ß
∏ÿ√°‘®∑’ˇª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“.
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡
Ò. Bachman, Frank Puterbaugh 1918. Great
innovators and their inventions. Ameri-
can Book Company: Washington D. C.
Ú. Capodayli, Bill & Lynn Tackson, 2002.
The Disney Way. John Wiley & Son:
New York.
Û. Christensen, Clayton M. & Michael E.
Raynor. 2003. The Innovatorûs Solu-
tion: Creating and sustaining success-
ful growth. Harvard Business School
Publishing: Boston.
Ù. Davies, Nancy Millichap 1994. Ameri-
can Traveler Chicago. The Image Bank:
Smithmark Publisher Inc: New York.
ı. Darwin, Charles 1859. On the Origin
of Species by Means of Natural Selec-
tion, or the Preservation of Favoured
Races in the Struggle for Life. p. 162.
ˆ. Einstein, Albert 1981. Albert Einstein
the human side: New Glimpses from
his archives. Princeton University Press.
˜. George, Michael L. James Works, &
Kimbery Watson-Hemphill. 2005. Fast
Innovation. The McGraw-Hill: London.
¯. Mayer, Jerry & John P. Holms, 2005.
Bite-size Einstein: Quotation on just
about everything from the greatest
mind of the Twentieth Century. New
York.
˘. Morita, Akio 1986. Made in Japan.
Dutton: New York.
Ò. Watts, Steven 2005. The Peopleûs
Tycoon: Henry Ford the American
Century.

Abstract Innogineering: The Management Master Class

Palin Phoocharoon
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, The Royal Institute, Thailand

Today’s leading companies are dynamically developing itself to become the industry
leader. Most firms invest heavily in their future generation of innovation through times and
efforts to ensure their long-term competitiveness. But, research found that some firms put a lot
of money and efforts without understanding the foundation of innovation. Moreover, the
understanding of creating innovation is still unclear. Thus, the failure is inevitable. This article is
an attempt to examine the fundamental of competitiveness of the firm by applying innovation
through the concept of engineering. Innogineering concept is proposed in order to provide the
alternative way to develop the competitive advantage of the firm. Innogineering is one of the
total solutions of innovation which requires less invest and times. On the other hand, it yield
better results on productivity and efficiency. The paper also identify key driver of the firm to
become the industry champion that not focus only on innovation, but also engineering through
an integrative approach.

Key words: management, innovation, geativity, engineer, innogineering

Õ‘π‚𮑇π’¬√‘ß : °“√®—¥°“√™—Èπ§√Ÿ
96
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß ¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å

√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß*
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
∫∑§«“¡π’È𔇠πÕ·π«∑“ß°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈– √â“ß«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫
ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë Ÿßª√–¡“≥ Òı °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√µ´å ‚¥¬¥—¥·ª≈ß®“°«ß®√∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π∑’Ë„™â§«“¡∂’Ë
ı ‡Œ‘√µ´å ´÷Ë߇§¬≈ßæ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à¡“°àÕπ·≈â« ®“°°“√∑¥≈Õß«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß·∫∫„À¡à„π∑’Ëπ’Ȫ√“°Ø«à“
‡¡◊ËÕ„Àâ°”≈—ߥâ“πÕÕ°‡∑à“°—π°—∫¢Õß«ß®√∑’Ë„™â§«“¡∂’Ë ı ‡Œ‘√µ´å «ß®√„À¡à„π∫∑§«“¡π’È¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π¡“°°—∫«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π∑’Ë„™â§«“¡∂’Ë ı ‡Œ‘√µ´å ·µà ¡’ ¢ 𓥇≈Á ° °«à “ ·≈–¡’
πÈ”Àπ—°‡∫“°«à“Õ¬à“ß∑’˧“¥À¡“¬‰«â

§” ”§—≠ : «ß®√®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß, µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ, §«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß

∫∑π” °√–· µ√ßÕ’°·∫∫Àπ÷Ëß ∑’Ë¡’À≈—°°“√ ·√ߥ—π Ÿß (√“« ÛÒ ‚«≈µå) ∑“ߥâ“π

„π∫∑§«“¡∑’ˇ§¬µ’æ‘¡æå¡“·≈â«
√«¡ Û ∫∑„π«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬-
 ∂“π [Ò-Û] ºŸâπ‘æπ∏剥â𔇠πÕ
«ß®√®à “ ¬°”≈— ß ‰øøÑ “ °√–· µ√ß∑’Ë
‰¡à„™âÀ¡âÕ·ª≈ß°”≈—ß (power trans-
former) „π°“√≈¥·√ߥ—π‰øøÑ“ ·µà
„™â«ß®√¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ°—∫‰¥‚Õ¥
 “√°÷Ëßµ—«π”∑”Àπâ“∑’Ëπ’È·∑π ·≈–„™â
∑√“π´‘   ‡µÕ√å ‡ ªì π  «‘ µ ™å À ≈— ° ¢Õß
«ß®√‚¥¬„Àâ «‘µ™å‡À≈à“π’ȵ—¥µàÕ«ß®√
¥â«¬§«“¡∂’˵˔ §◊Õ ı ‡Œ‘√µ´å ´÷Ëß
‡∑à“°—∫§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õ߉øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫
∑’Ë„™â„π∫â“π‡√◊Õπ∑—Ë«‰ª
®ÿ ¥ ª√– ß§å ¢ Õß∫∑§«“¡π’È °Á
‡æ◊Ë Õ π”‡ πÕ«ß®√®à “ ¬°”≈— ß ‰øøÑ “
* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ú °—𬓬π æ.». ÚıÙ˘
∑”ß“π‡™à 𠇥’ ¬ «°— ∫ ∫√√¥“«ß®√„π
∫∑§«“¡¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ ·µà„™â§«“¡
∂’Ë„π°“√µ—¥µàÕ«ß®√¢Õß «‘µ™å Ÿß°«à“
Ò °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√µ´å «ß®√·∫∫„À¡à π’È ¡’
¢âÕ¥’∑’Ë∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂≈¥¢π“¥¢Õßµ—«
‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·≈–¢π“¥¢Õß«ß®√‚¥¬√«¡
≈߉¥âÕ¬à“ß¡“° ´÷Ëß®–™à«¬≈¥µâπ∑ÿπ
„π°“√º≈‘µ·≈–®–‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå·°à
°“√„™âß“π„π∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘
À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ß
¥—π‰øøÑ“°√–· µ√ߥ⫬µ—«‡°Á∫
ª√–®ÿ·≈–‰¥‚Õ¥
‡π◊ËÕß®“°«ß®√·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—ß
‰øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß„π∫∑§«“¡π’È®–„™â
‡¢â “ „π√Ÿ ª ¢Õß·√ߥ— π ∑‘ » ∑“߇¥’ ¬ «
·∑π∑’Ë ® –‡ªì π ·√ߥ— π °√–·  ≈— ∫
(ÚÚ ‚«≈µå ) Õ¬à “ ß∑’Ë ‡ §¬„™â „ π
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß [Ò-Û] °“√·ª≈ß·√ß
¥—π¥â“π‡¢â“„À⇪ìπ·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ°∑’Ë
¡’§à“µË”°«à“®÷ßµâÕßÕ“»—¬ «‘µ™åÀ≈—°
®”π«π Ú µ—« ‡æ◊ËÕµ—¥µàÕ«ß®√≈¥·√ß
¥— π ∑’Ë ª √–°Õ∫¥â « ¬µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ °— ∫
‰¥‚Õ¥ ‚¥¬∑’Ë «‘µ™åÀ≈—°µ—«Àπ÷ËßÕ¬Ÿà
∑’Ë¥â“π‡¢â“·≈– «‘µ™åÀ≈—°Õ’°µ—«Àπ÷Ëß
Õ¬Ÿà ∑’Ë ¥â “ πÕÕ°¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ— π
¥—ßµ—«Õ¬à“ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ´÷Ëß· ¥ß∂÷ß
«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’Ë®–„Àâ§à“·√ߥ—π¥â“π
ÕÕ° (Vo) ¢π“¥ Ò/Û ¢Õß·√ߥ—π
¥â“π‡¢â“ (Vi)

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
97
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò  «‘µ™åÀ≈—° S1 ∑“ß
¥â“π‡¢â“¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π ·≈– «‘µ™å
À≈—° S2 ∑“ߥâ“πÕÕ°¢Õß«ß®√π’È®–
 ≈—∫°—πµ—¥µàÕ«ß®√‚¥¬∑’™Ë «à ßµàÕ«ß®√
S1
Vi 310
V.DC
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò µ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕß«ß®√µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·≈–‰¥‚Õ¥∑’Ë„™â≈¥·√ߥ—π„Àâ‡À≈◊Õ‡æ’¬ß Ò/Û ¢Õß·√ߥ—π¥â“π‡¢â“
‰∫·Õ ‰ª¢â“ßÀπâ“ (forward bias)
·≈–¬Õ¡„Àâ¡’°√–· ‰À≈‰ªÕ—¥ª√–®ÿ
„Àⷰൗ«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ∑—Èß Û µ—« ®π·√ß
¥—π§√àÕ¡µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—«¡’§à“
‡∑à“°—∫ Ò/Û ¢Õß Vi „π√–À«à“ßπ’È
‰¥‚Õ¥Õ’° Ù µ—« §◊Õ D3-D6 ®–‰¥â√—∫
‰∫·Õ º—π°≈—∫ (reverse bias) ∑”„Àâ
‰¥‚Õ¥°≈ÿà¡π’È ‰¡àπ”°√–· ·≈–‡ªìπ
‡ ¡◊Õπ «‘µ™å∑’˵—¥«ß®√ À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë
µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ C1-C3 ‰¥â√—∫ª√–®ÿ‡µÁ¡
∑’Ë·≈â«  «‘µ™å S1 ®–∂Ÿ°∑”„Àâµ—¥«ß®√
®“°π—Èπ «‘µ™å S2 ®÷ß®–∂Ÿ°∑”„ÀâµàÕ
«ß®√ ´÷Ëß°Á∑”„À≥‚Õ¥ D3-D6 ‰¥â
√—∫‰∫·Õ ‰ª¢â“ßÀπâ“·≈–π”°√–·  æ¬ÿß·√ߥ—π Vo ‡Õ“‰«â‰¡à„Àâ≈¥≈߇√Á«
(‡ªì π ‡ ¡◊ Õ π «‘ µ ™å ∑’Ë µà Õ «ß®√) „π
¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—∫∑’ˉ¥‚Õ¥ D1 ·≈– D2 ‰¥â
√—∫‰∫·Õ º—π°≈—∫ ·≈–‰¡àπ”°√–·  ·√ߥ—π¥â“π‡¢â“¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π
(‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ «‘µ™å∑’˵—¥«ß®√) ¥—ßπ—Èπ
µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ C1-C3 ®–µàÕ°—πÕ¬à“ß
¢π“π·≈– àß°√–· ‰ªºà “ πµ— « µâ “ π
¢Õß «‘µ™å∑—Èß Ú µ—«®–∂Ÿ°§«∫§ÿ¡„Àâ
‰¡à‡À≈◊ËÕ¡°—π ‡æ√“–‰¡à‡™àππ—Èπ·≈â«
®–‡°‘¥°“√≈—¥«ß®√ºà“πµ—«µâ“π∑“π
‚À≈¥ (RL) ∑“ߥâ“πÕÕ° ´÷ËßÕ“®∑”
C1 D5
C2
D1
D2
D3 D4
∑“π RL ¥â«¬°—π æ√âÕ¡∑—ÈßÕ—¥ª√–®ÿ
„Àⷰൗ«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ Co ‚¥¬∑’Ë·√ߥ—π
¥â“πÕÕ° Vo ¡’§à“‚¥¬ª√–¡“≥‡∑à“
°— ∫ ·√ߥ— π §√à Õ ¡µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ · µà ≈ –
µ—« §◊Õ (Ò/Û)Vi À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë S2 µàÕ
«ß®√Õ¬Ÿà™—Ë«‡«≈“Àπ÷Ëß·≈â« ¡—π®–∂Ÿ°
∑”„Àâ µ— ¥ «ß®√ ‡æ◊Ë Õ ®–‰¥â ‡ √‘Ë ¡ °“√
∑”ß“π„π√Õ∫„À¡à¥â«¬°“√∑’Ë S1 ∂Ÿ°
∑”„ÀâµàÕ«ß®√Õ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß
„π™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ë S2 µ—¥«ß®√Õ¬Ÿà
π—Èπ µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ Co ®–∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë®à“¬
°√–· „Àâ · °à µ— « µâ “ π∑“π‚À≈¥ R L
·∑πµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ C1-C3 ·≈–™à«¬
®π‡°‘π‰ª
¢âÕ∑’˧«√ —߇°µ°Á§◊Õ«à“ „π∑’Ëπ’È
π—Èπ‡ªìπ·√ߥ—π°√–· µ√ß ‰¡à„™à·√ß
¥— π °√–·  ≈— ∫ ∑’Ë ¡ “µà Õ Õ¬Ÿà ‚ ¥¬µ√ß
Õ¬à“ß∑’‡Ë §¬„™â„π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß [Ò-Û]
98
„Àâ«ß®√‡ ’¬À“¬‰¥â „π™à«ß∑’Ë S2 µ—¥
«ß®√Õ¬Ÿπà π—È ∂â“„Àâ S1 µàÕ«ß®√ ‰¥‚Õ¥
D1 ·≈– D2 ´÷ËßµàÕÕπÿ°√¡Õ¬Ÿà°—∫µ—«
‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ C1, C2 ·≈– C3 ®–‰¥â√—∫
S2
D6
Co Vo RL
C3
¥—ßπ—Èπ ‡√“®÷߉¡à§”π÷ß∂÷ß ¡¡“µ√¢Õß
°√–·  ≈— ∫ ¥â “ π‡¢â “ ·≈– “¡“√∂
„™â«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’Ë¡’‚§√ß √â“ßµ“¡
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡æ’¬ß´’°‡¥’¬«¢Õß
«ß®√‡¥‘¡∑’ˇ§¬„™â„π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
[Ò-Û]
°“√≈¥§à“§«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“¢Õßµ—«
‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ ‡ ¡◊Ë Õ ‡æ‘Ë ¡ §à “ §«“¡∂’Ë
¢Õß°“√µ—¥µàÕ«ß®√
°“√«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ° “√∑”ß“π¢Õß
«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ·≈–°“√
°”Àπ¥§à“§«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫
ª√–®ÿ„π«ß®√π’È „™âÀ≈—°°“√‡™àπ‡¥’¬«
°—π°—∫„π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß [Ò] ·µà„π∑’Ëπ’È
§«“¡∂’Ë„π°“√µ—¥µàÕ«ß®√¢Õß «‘µ™å
À≈—°‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ (®“° ı ‡Œ‘√µ´å) ‡ªìπ
ª√–¡“≥ Ò °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√µ´å ‡√“®÷߇撬ß
·µàπ”À≈—°∑’Ë«à“ ç‡¡◊ËÕ„Àâ«ß®√µ—«‡°Á∫
ª√–®ÿ ®à “ ¬°”≈— ß ‰øøÑ “ ‰¥â ‡ ∑à “ ‡¥‘ ¡ „π
«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß
·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß

¿“«–·√ߥ—π‡™àπ‡¥‘¡ ·µà„À⧫“¡∂’Ë
‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª §«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫
ª√–®ÿ ® –·ª√‡ªì π  — ¥  à « πº°º— π °— ∫
§«“¡∂’Ë é ¡“„™â „ π°“√ª√–¡“≥§à “
§«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“∑’˧«√„™â„π«ß®√§«“¡∂’Ë
 Ÿß ‚¥¬§‘¥®“°§à“§«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“∑’ˇ§¬
„™â„π«ß®√§«“¡∂’˵˔
À≈—°∑’«Ë “à §à“§«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“®–·ª√
º°º—π°—∫§«“¡∂’Ë¥—ß°≈à“«  “¡“√∂
· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ‰¥â¥—ßπ’È §◊Õ®“°§à“æ≈—ß
ß“π – ¡„πµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ∑’Ë¡’§à“§«“¡
®ÿ ‰ øøÑ “ C ·≈–¡’ · √ߥ— π ‰øøÑ “ V
ª√“°Ø§√àÕ¡Õ¬Ÿà µ“¡ ¡°“√
W = (1/2)CV2 (Ò)
‡¡◊Ë Õ „Àâ µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ ®à “ ¬æ≈— ß
ß“πÕÕ°‰ª‡∑à“°—∫ ∆W ‚¥¬∑’Ë·√ß
¥— π ≈¥≈߇∑à “ °— ∫ ∆ V „π™à « ߇«≈“
∆T ‡√“®–‰¥â°”≈—߉øøÑ“∑’ËÕÕ°®“°
µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ‡ªìπ
P = ∆W/∆T
= CV(∆V/∆T)
= [V(∆V)]Cf (Ú)
‚¥¬∑’Ë f = 1/∆T ¡’§à“‡ªìπ —¥ à«π
‚¥¬µ√ß°— ∫ §«“¡∂’Ë ¢ Õß°“√µ— ¥ µà Õ
«ß®√
®“° ¡°“√ (Ú) ‡¡◊ËÕ„Àâ P, V
·≈– ∆V ¡’§à“§ßµ—« ‡√“®–‰¥â Cf =
k = §à“§ßµ—« À√◊Õ C = k/f π—Ëπ§◊Õ
§à “ §«“¡®ÿ ‰ øøÑ “ ®–·ª√º°º— π °— ∫
§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õß°“√µ—¥µàÕ«ß®√
¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
µ—«Õ¬à“ß«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë ∑‘»∑“߇¥’¬«·∫∫‡µÁ¡§≈◊Ëπ  à«πµ—«
 Ÿß ‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ Ci ∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπµ—«°√Õß
„πÀ— « ¢â Õ π’È ºŸâ π‘ æ π∏å ® –· ¥ß ·√ߥ—π∑‘»∑“߇¥’¬«∑’ËÕÕ°®“°«ß®√
µ—«Õ¬à“ß°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß ‡√’¬ß°√–· „Àâ‡√’¬∫¢÷Èπ ‰¥â‡ªìπ·√ß
‰øøÑ “ °√–· µ√ß∑’Ë § ≈â “ ¬°— ∫ «ß®√ ¥— π °√–· µ√ß Vi ¢π“¥ª√–¡“≥
„π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß [Ò-Û] ‚¥¬„Àâ¡’ ÛÒ ‚«≈µå
 ¡√√∂π–„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π ·µà∑”ß“π∑’Ë «ß®√¬àÕ¬ à«πµàÕ‰ª°Á§◊Õ«ß®√
§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿßª√–¡“≥ Òı °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√µ´å ≈¥·√ߥ—π ´÷Ëß®–ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‰¥‚Õ¥
π—Ëπ§◊Õ«ß®√„π∑’Ëπ’È®–„™â·√ߥ—π‰øøÑ“ ·≈–µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ ∑”πÕ߇¥’ ¬ «°— ∫ ∑’Ë
¥â“π‡¢â“µâπ∑“ß¢π“¥ ÚÚ V.AC ‡§¬„™â„π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß [Ò-Û] ·µà
(°√–·  ≈—∫) ∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë ı ‡Œ‘√µ´å ‡π◊ËÕß®“°„π∑’Ëπ’ȇ√“®–„™â§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õß
·≈–®–®à“¬°”≈—ßÕÕ°„π√Ÿª¢Õß°√–·  °“√µ—¥µàÕ«ß®√ Ÿß¢÷Èπ‡ªìπª√–¡“≥
µ√ß¢π“¥ª√–¡“≥ Ò ·Õ¡·ª√å ∑’Ë Û ‡∑à“¢Õß§à“‡¥‘¡ §◊Õ„™â§«“¡∂’Ë
·√ߥ—πª√–¡“≥ Òı V.DC (°√–·  ª√–¡“≥ Òı, ‡Œ‘√µ´å ‡∑’¬∫°—∫
µ√ß) §«“¡∂’ˇ¥‘¡∑’Ë¡’§à“‡æ’¬ß ı ‡Œ‘√µ´å
«ß®√¬àÕ¬∑’˵âÕß„™â‡ªìπ à«π·√° ¥—ßπ—Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕ„™âÀ≈—°„πÀ—«¢âÕ∑’˺à“π
 ÿ¥¢Õß«ß®√‚¥¬√«¡°Á§◊Õ «ß®√‡√’¬ß ¡“´÷Ëß°≈à“««à“ §à“§«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“‡ªìπ
°√–· ·≈–«ß®√°√Õß·√ߥ— π Õ¬à “ ß  —¥ à«πº°º—π°—∫§«“¡∂’Ë (C = k/f)
ßà“¬ ¥—ß∑’Ë· ¥ß‰«â„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú „π√Ÿªπ’È ‡√“®– “¡“√∂≈¥§à“§«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“¢Õß
‰¥‚Õ¥ Ù µ—« §◊Õ Di1-Di4 ª√–°Õ∫ µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—«„π«ß®√ à«ππ’È
°—π‡ªìπ«ß‡√’¬ß°√–·  ´÷Ëß®–·ª≈ß ≈߇À≈◊Շ撬ߪ√–¡“≥ Ò/Û ¢Õß
·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫ Vs „À⇪ìπ·√ߥ—π §à“‡¥‘¡
Di1 Di2
1N4007
22 µF
350 V
Vs Ci Vi
310 V.DC
220 V.AC
50 Hz
Di3 Di4
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú «ß®√‡√’¬ß°√–· ·≈–«ß®√°√Õß·√ߥ—π∑“ß à«πÀπâ“¢Õß«ß®√‚¥¬√«¡
99
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
„π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß [Ú] ºŸâπ‘æπ∏å
„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ¢π“¥ ÚÚ ‰¡‚§√
ø“√—¥ (∑π·√ߥ—π ı ‚«≈µå) ®”π«π
Ò µ—«„π·µà≈–´’°¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π
´÷Ëß°ÁÀ¡“¬∂÷ß«à“§«“¡®ÿº≈√«¡„π°“√
µà Õ Õπÿ ° √¡°— π ¢Õßµ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ ∑—È ß
À¡¥π’È®–¡’§à“‡æ’¬ß ÚÚ/Ò = ÚÚ
‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥ [‡¡◊ËÕ§”π÷ß∂÷ß«à“µ—«‡°Á∫
ª√–®ÿ Ci „π«ß®√µ“¡√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú §«√¡’
§à“§«“¡®ÿ„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫§à“§«“¡®ÿº≈
√«¡ (‡¡◊ËÕµàÕÕπÿ°√¡°—π) ¢Õßµ—«
‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„π«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π
ºŸâπ‘æπ∏å®÷߇≈◊Õ°„™â§à“§«“¡®ÿ¢Õß Ci
‡ªìπ ÚÚ ‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥ (∑π·√ߥ—π‰¥â
Ûı ‚«≈µå)] ¥—ßπ—Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡∂’Ë
¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ Û ‡∑à“ §«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“„π
‡™‘ß∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—«
®–≈¥≈߇À≈◊Õ‡æ’¬ß ÚÚ/Û =
.˜Ù ‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥ ‡∑à“π—Èπ
‡π◊ËÕß®“°«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π„π∫∑
§«“¡π’È ¡’‚§√ß √â“߇撬ߴ’°‡¥’¬«
¢Õß«ß®√∑’ˇ§¬„™â„π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
680Ω
100pF
FR105
Ri
10Ω Q1
8T
Vi 310 T1
V.DC
12T
√Ÿª∑’Ë Û «ß®√¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·≈–‰¥‚Õ¥∑’Ë„™â≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë Ÿßª√–¡“≥ Òı °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√µ´å
[Ò-Û] ¥—ßπ—Èπ ·√ߥ—π‡©≈’ˬ∑“ߥâ“π
ÕÕ°¢Õß«ß®√„π∑’Ëπ’È®–µË”°«à“·√ߥ—π
¥â“πÕÕ°¢Õß«ß®√‡¥‘¡∑’Ë¡’‚§√ß √â“ß
‡µÁ¡∑—Èß Ú ´’° ºŸâπ‘æπ∏å®÷ß™¥‡™¬§à“
·√ߥ— π ∑’Ë µË” ≈߉ªπ’È ‚ ¥¬‡æ‘Ë ¡ §«“¡®ÿ
‰øøÑ“¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—« ®“°
§à“‡™‘ß∑ƒ…Æ’ §◊Õ .˜Ù ‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥
‡ªìπ§à“‡™‘ߪؑ∫—µ‘ §◊Õ Ò. ‰¡‚§√
ø“√—¥ ·≈–≈¥®”π«πµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ
„π«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π ®“° Ò µ—«‡À≈◊Õ
‡æ’ ¬ ß ¯ µ— « ´÷Ë ß °Á ® –∑”„Àâ µ— « ‡°Á ∫
ª√–®ÿ · µà ≈ –µ— « ‰¥â √— ∫ ·√ߥ— π  Ÿ ß  ÿ ¥
‡∑à“°—∫ Vi/8 §◊Õª√–¡“≥ Ù ‚«≈µå
‚¥¬ √ÿª «ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π„π∫∑
§«“¡π’È®–‡ªìπ¥—ß∑’Ë· ¥ß‰«â„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Û
´÷Ëß°Á§≈⓬°—∫«ß®√„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ·µàµà“ß
°—π∑’ˇ√“‰¥â‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«πµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ∑’Ë
®–µàÕÕπÿ°√¡°—π‡æ◊ËÕ√—∫·√ߥ—π¥â“π
‡¢â“¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ ¯ µ—« (À√◊Õ‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π
°‘Ëß∑’Ë®–µàÕ¢π“π°—π‡æ◊ËÕ®à“¬·√ߥ—π
¥â“πÕÕ°‡ªìπ ¯ °‘Ëß) ‡æ‘Ë¡µ—«µâ“π∑“π
Ri ∑“ߥâ“π‡¢â“ ·≈–µ—«µâ“π∑“π Ro
Li
C1 D5
C2 C7
D1
D2
D3 D4
All diodes = FR105 (1A, 600 V); All Cûs = 1 µF, 50 V
100
∑“ߥ⠓ πÕÕ° ‡æ◊Ë Õ §«“¡ –¥«°„π
°“√ — ß ‡°µ√Ÿ ª §≈◊Ë π °√–· ∑“ߥ⠓ π
‡¢â “ ·≈–°√–· ∑“ߥ⠓ πÕÕ°µ“¡
≈”¥—∫ ‡æ‘Ë¡µ—«‡Àπ’ˬ«π” Li (§à“§«“¡
‡Àπ’ˬ«π”ª√–¡“≥ ¯ ‰¡‚§√‡Œπ√’)
‡æ◊Ë Õ ≈¥§à “ ¬Õ¥¢Õß°√–· ¥â “ π‡¢â “
·≈–·∑π «‘µ™å S1 °—∫ S2 „π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò
¥â«¬∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å Q1 °—∫ Q2 (‡∫Õ√å
C3039 √—∫°√–· ‰¥â ÒÚ ·Õ¡·ª√å
∑π·√ߥ—π‰¥â Ù ‚«≈µå) µ“¡≈”¥—∫
 ”À√—∫µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ Co ∑“ߥâ“πÕÕ°
¢Õß«ß®√π—È π ºŸâ π‘ æ π∏å ‡ ≈◊ Õ °„™â §à “
§«“¡®ÿ ÛÚ ‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ®–‰¥â
√— ∫ °— ∫ «ß®√§ÿ ¡ §à “ ·√ߥ— π ∑’Ë ® –π”¡“
µàÕ‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡µàÕ‰ª ·¡â«à“µ“¡À≈—°°“√
≈¥§à“§«“¡®ÿ∑’Ë·ª√º°º—π°—∫§«“¡∂’Ë
·≈â « ‡√“Õ“®„™â §à “ ∑’Ë ‡ ≈Á ° °«à “ π’È ¡ “°
‡™àπ ÚÚ ‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥
‰¥‚Õ¥∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„π«ß®√µ“¡√Ÿª
∑’Ë Û ‡ªìπ‰¥‚Õ¥™π‘¥øóôπµ—«‡√Á« (fast
recovery diode) ‡∫Õ√å FR105 ´÷Ëß
√—∫°√–· ‰¥â Ò ·Õ¡·ª√å ·≈–∑π
500Ω
100pF
FR105
Ro
Q2 0.1Ω
8T 1T «ß®√§ÿ¡§à“
T2 Co ·√ߥ—π
C8 8T
320 µF ·≈–«ß®√
50 V ‚À≈¥
«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß
·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

·√ߥ—πº—π°≈—∫‰¥â ˆ ‚«≈µå  à«π
«ß®√∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‰¥‚Õ¥ Ú µ—«
√à«¡°—∫µ—«µâ“π∑“π Ò µ—« ·≈–µ—«‡°Á∫
ª√–®ÿ¢π“¥ Ò æ‘‚§ø“√—¥ Ò µ—«∑’Ë
µàÕ§√àÕ¡∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å Q1 ·≈– Q2
π—Èπ °Á§◊Õ «ß®√ π—∫‡∫Õ√å (snubber)
∑’Ë„™âªÑÕß°—π∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å∑—Èß Õßπ’È
‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫™‘È π  à « π¢Õß
«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ— π ∑’Ë § «“¡∂’Ë  Ÿ ß „π∫∑
§«“¡π’È °—∫™‘Èπ à«π¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ß
¥—π∑’§Ë «“¡∂’µË Ë”„π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß [Ú-
Û] ‡√“®–‰¥âº≈µ“¡µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò
«ß®√¬àÕ¬ à«πµàÕ‰ª°Á§◊Õ«ß®√
 √â “ ߧ«“¡∂’Ë  Ÿ ß ·≈–¢— ∫ π”∑√“π-
´‘ ‡µÕ√å „π∑’Ëπ’ȺŸâπ‘æπ∏å‡≈◊Õ°„™â«ß®√
√«¡ (‰Õ´’) ‡∫Õ√å TL494 (´÷Ëß¡’
√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–«‘∏’„™âß“π
Õ¬Ÿà„π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß Ù) √à«¡°—∫™‘Èπ
 à«πª√–°Õ∫Õ◊Ëπ Ê µ“¡√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù ‡æ◊ËÕ
 √â“ß —≠≠“≥·√ߥ—π√Ÿª§≈◊πË  ’‡Ë À≈’¬Ë ¡
§«“¡∂’Ë ª √–¡“≥ Òı °‘ ‚ ≈‡Œ‘ √ µ´å
 ”À√—∫¢—∫π”∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å Q1 ·≈–
Q2 ¢Õß√Ÿª∑’Ë Û §«“¡∂’Ë Òı °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√µ´å
¢Õß —≠≠“≥√Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡∑’ËÕÕ°
®“°¢“ ˘ ·≈– Ò ¢Õß TL494 π—Èπ
‰¥â®“°µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ¢π“¥ Ò π“‚π
ø“√— ¥ ·≈–µ— « µâ “ π∑“π¢π“¥ ÛÛ
°‘‚≈‚ÕÀå¡ ∑’˵àÕÕ¬Ÿà°—∫¢“ ı ·≈–¢“
ˆ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π‰¡à„Àâ Q1
·≈– Q2 π”°√–· ‡À≈◊ËÕ¡°—π ‡√“®–

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò º≈°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫™‘Èπ à«π¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’˵˔‡¥‘¡°—∫¢Õß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß„π
∫∑§«“¡π’È

«ß®√§«“¡∂’˵˔ «ß®√§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß
Ò) §«“¡∂’Ë„π°“√µ—¥µàÕ«ß®√ (‡Œ‘√µ´å) ı Òı,
Ú) ®”π«π°‘Ëß«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—π Ú ¯
Û) ®”π«πµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ + ‰¥‚Õ¥„π«ß®√ Ú + ˆ ˆ + ÚÚ
Ù) §à“§«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·µà≈–µ—« ÚÚ Ò
(‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥)
ı) ‡∫Õ√å¢Õ߉¥‚Õ¥∑’Ë„™â (·≈–™π‘¥°“√„™âß“π) 1N4007 (∏√√¡¥“) FR105 (øóôπµ—«‡√Á«)
ˆ) §à“§«“¡®ÿ¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ¥â“πÕÕ° Co Ûı ÛÚ
(‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥)

„™â « ß®√ √â “ ß™à « ߇«≈“‰√â º ≈ πÕß
(dead time) ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬°≈ÿà¡
¢Õßµ—«µâ“π∑“π·∫àß·√ߥ—π∑’˵àÕ°—∫
¢“ Ù ¢Õß TL494 √à « ¡°— ∫ «ß®√
Àπà«ß‡«≈“∑’ªË √–°Õ∫¥â«¬µ—«µâ“π∑“π
R di, µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ C di ·≈–´’ ‡ πÕ√å
‰¥‚Õ¥ ZDi (i = Ò, Ú) «ß®√¢—∫π”
 ”À√—∫ Q1 ·≈– Q2 ¬—ß„™â∑√“π-
´‘ ‡µÕ√几√‘¡§◊Õ Qd1 ·≈– Qd2 (‡∫Õ√å
2N2222) ´÷Ëß √â“ß°√–· ¢—∫π”‡∫  Úı µ“√“ß¡‘ ≈ ≈‘ ‡ ¡µ√ ®”π«π√Õ∫
¢Õß Q1 ·≈– Q2 ºà“π∑“ßÀ¡âÕ·ª≈ß ¢Õߢ¥≈«¥À¡âÕ·ª≈ß·≈–§à“§«“¡
T 1 ·≈– T 2  ”À√— ∫ ·¬°‚¥¥«ß®√ µâ “ π∑“π¢Õßµ— « µâ “ π∑“π„π«ß®√
¢Õß Qi °—∫¢Õß Qdi (i = Ò, Ú) ÕÕ° ¢—∫π”π’È À“‰¥â®“°°“√ª√–¡“≥§à“
®“°°— π ¥— ß √“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥ „π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù  Ÿ ß  ÿ ¥ „π∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’ ¢ Õß°√–· ∑’Ë
À¡âÕ·ª≈ß T1 ·≈– T2 „™â·°π∑’Ë∑” ºà“π Q1 ·≈– Q2 ·≈–°“√ª√—∫·µàß
¥â«¬‡øÕ√å‰√µå√Ÿª∑Õ√Õ¬¥å ¢π“¥‡ âπ §à“‡À≈à“π’È„π∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘
ºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“߇©≈’ˬ Ò ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√
·≈–¡’ æ◊È π ∑’Ë ¿ “§µ— ¥ ¢«“ߪ√–¡“≥

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
101
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

+12 V.DC Q1 Q2
50kΩ 8T 8T 1T
150Ω T1 T2
12T D12 8T
1kΩ 5.1 V FR105 FR105
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Rd1 ZD1 Qd1 68Ω
outp. VCC Cd1
5V cont. 0.01 µF 10kΩ
ref.
TL494
150Ω 5.1 V
Rd2 Qd2
ZD2
ocsillator Cd2
0.068 µF 10kΩ
dead time gnd.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5kΩ 33 kΩ

10kΩ 1kΩ 1nF

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù «ß®√ √â“ߧ«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß·≈–¢—∫π”∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å

·À≈à ß ®à “ ¬·√ߥ— π °√–· µ√ß √à«¡°—∫«ß®√ ‰¥‚Õ¥∑’Ë„™â‡√’¬ß°√–·  gulator) ·≈–µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿÕ’°µ—«Àπ÷Ëß

¢π“¥ ÒÚ ‚«≈µå ∑’Ë„™â°—∫«ß®√„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ·∫∫‡µÁ¡§≈◊Ëπ µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ (Ú,Ú (Ò, ‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥) ∑’˙૬§ß§à“
Ù π—È𠇪ìπ¥—ß∑’Ë· ¥ß‰«â„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ı ‰¡‚§√ø“√—¥) ∑’Ë„™â°√Õß·√ߥ—πµâπ ·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ°
§◊Õ„™âÀ¡âÕ·ª≈ß≈¥·√ߥ—π¢π“¥‡≈Á° ∑“ß«ß®√√«¡‡∫Õ√å ˜¯ÒÚ ´÷ßË ‡ªìπµ—«
(ÚÚ ‚«≈µå/ÒÚ ‚«≈µå, .ı ·Õ¡·ª√å) §ÿ¡§à“·√ߥ—π·∫∫‡™‘߇ âπ (linear re-

1 3
7812
1N4007
2
2200µF 1000µF
V2 220 V.DC 12 V.AC 12 V.DC
50 Hz
50 V 25 V

1N4007

√Ÿª∑’Ë ı ·À≈àß®à“¬·√ߥ—π°√–· µ√ß ÒÚ ‚«≈µå  ”À√—∫«ß®√„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù

«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß
·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß
102
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

«ß®√§ÿ ¡ §à “ ·√ߥ— π ·≈–«ß®√ §◊Õ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬«ß®√√«¡‡∫Õ√å LM Õâ“ßÕ‘ß [Ú]) «ß®√§ÿ¡§à“·√ߥ—π„π∑’Ëπ’È

‚À≈¥ 2576-ADJ Õ—π‡ªìπµ—«§ÿ¡§à“·√ߥ—𠉥â ∂Ÿ ° ª√— ∫ µ—È ß ‰«â „ Àâ ®à “ ¬·√ߥ— π ÕÕ°
«ß®√ à « ππ’È ‡ ªì π ¥— ß ∑’Ë ·  ¥ß‰«â ·∫∫„™â°“√ «‘µ™å (switching regula- §ßµ—«∑’Ë Òı ‚«≈µå  à«π«ß®√‚À≈¥
„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ ´÷Ëß°Á‡ªìπ«ß®√‡¥‘¡∑’ˇ§¬ tor) √à«¡°—∫™‘Èπ à«πÕ◊Ëπ Ê ¥—ß∑’Ë· ¥ß °Á§◊Õµ—«µâ“π∑“π RL ´÷Ëß¡’§à“§«“¡
„™â „ π‡Õ° “√Õâ “ ßÕ‘ ß [Ú] ·≈– [Û] ‰«â (‚ª√¥¥Ÿ√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π‡Õ° “√ µâ“π∑“π Òı ‚ÕÀå¡ ·≈–√—∫°”≈—ß
‰¥â Ú «—µµå

4 Feedback
V2 = 0.1Ω In LM2576 L1
1 -ADJ 2 Out
«ß®√ à«πÀπâ“ Co Vo 330µH +15 V.DC
320µF, 50V 3 5 R1 13.5kΩ
Gnd On/Off D Cout RL
470µF, 25V 15Ω
R2 1.2kΩ

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ «ß®√§ÿ¡§à“·√ߥ—π¥â“πÕÕ°¢Õß«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß°√–· µ√ß
µ— « Õ¬à “ ß√Ÿ ª §≈◊Ë π ·√ߥ— π ·≈– °“√§”π«≥ÕÕ°·∫∫«ß®√µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ ‡æ√“–ºŸâπ‘æπ∏剥ⰔÀπ¥
°√–· „π«ß®√ ª√–®ÿ ∑’Ë „ ™â ≈ ¥·√ߥ— π ·µà °Á ‰ ¡à ¡’ º ≈ §«“¡®ÿ‰øøÑ“¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ‚¥¬„™â
„πµÕππ’È ºŸâ π‘ æ π∏å ® –· ¥ß√Ÿ ª ∑’Ë®–µâÕ߇ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫ §à“∑’ˇº◊ËÕ¢â“ß ŸßÕ¬Ÿà·≈â«
§≈◊Ë π ·√ߥ— π ·≈–√Ÿ ª §≈◊Ë π °√–· „π
∫“ß à«π¢Õß«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß∑’ˇ°’ˬ«
¢âÕß ‡√‘Ë¡¥â«¬√Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ߥ—π V10 ·≈–
V9 „π√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ·√ߥ—π∑’ËÕÕ°
®“°¢“ Ò ·≈–¢“ ˘ ¢Õß«ß®√√«¡
TL494 „π√Ÿ ª ∑’Ë Ù ·≈–„™â ¢— ∫ π”
«ß®√‡∫ ¢Õß∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å Qd1 ·≈–
Qd2 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ·√ߥ— π ∑—È ß  Õßπ’È ¡’
™à«ß‡«≈“§√∫ Ò §“∫«—¥‰¥â®√‘߇∑à“°—∫
.ıÛ ¡‘≈≈‘«‘π“∑’ π’Ë°ÁÀ¡“¬§«“¡
«à“§«“¡∂’Ë∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ߢÕß·√ߥ—π¢—∫π”
∑’ˉ¥â®“°«ß®√√«¡ TL494 §◊Õ Ò/
.ıÛ = Ò˘ °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√µ´å ´÷Ëß Ÿß°«à“
§à“ª√–¡“≥ Òı °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√µ´å ∑’Ë„™â„π
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ √Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ߥ—π∑’Ë„™â¢—∫π”«ß®√‡∫ ¢Õß∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å Qd1 ·≈– Qd2

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
103
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ π’È ‚ª√¥ —߇°µ«à“ ˆ ‰¡‚§√«‘π“∑’ ´÷Ëß°Á‡ªìπº≈®“°°“√ ®∫™à«ß‡«≈“«—Ø®—°√Àπâ“∑’Ë (duty cycle)

™à«ß‡«≈“‰√âº≈ πÕß (dead time) td
√–À«à“ßµÕπ∑’Ë V10 ≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß∑—π∑’
∑—π„¥ °—∫µÕπ∑’Ë V9 ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß∑—π
∑’∑—π„¥ (À√◊Õ°≈—∫°—π) ¡’§à“ª√–¡“≥
iQ1
→
ªÑÕπ·√ߥ—π§à“πâÕ¬ Ê §à“Àπ÷Ë߇¢â“∑’Ë
¢“ Ù ¢Õß«ß®√√«¡ TL494 π—Ëπ‡Õß
πÕ°®“°π’È ‡√“®– —߇°µ‰¥â«à“ V10
·≈– V9 ‰¡à‰¥â≈¥≈߇ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å∑—π∑’∑’Ë
·µà §â “ ßÕ¬Ÿà ∑’Ë §à “  Ÿ ß °«à “ »Ÿ π ¬å ∑—È ß π’È °Á
‡æ√“–º≈¢Õßµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ Cd1 ·≈–
Cd2 ∑’Ë„™â„π«ß®√Àπà«ß‡«≈“‡√‘Ë¡π”
°√–· ¢Õß Qd1 ·≈– Qd2 µ“¡≈”¥—∫
√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ · ¥ß√Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ°√–· 
iQ1 ∑’˺à“π∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å Q1 ·≈–√Ÿª
§≈◊Ëπ°√–·  iQ2 ∑’˺à“π∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å
Q2 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ √Ÿªπ’È· ¥ß«à“°√–· 

0.44 A iQ1 ·≈– iQ2 ‰¡à¡’™à«ß‡«≈“∑’ˇÀ≈◊ËÕ¡°—π

¥â«¬‡Àµÿ∑’ˇ√“°”Àπ¥„Àâ¡’™à«ß‡«≈“
→

‰√âº≈ πÕß√–À«à“ß V10 °—∫ V9 µ“¡

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ Õ’°∑—Èß„™â«ß®√Àπà«ß‡«≈“°“√
iQ2
π”°√–· ¢Õß Q1 ·≈– Q2 ¥—ß„π√Ÿª
→

4A
→

∑’Ë Ù ‚ª√¥ —߇°µ«à“ §à“¬Õ¥∂÷߬ե

(peak-to-peak) ¢Õß iQ2 (Ù ·Õ¡·ª√å)
¡’§à“ª√–¡“≥ ¯ ‡∑à“¢Õß§à“¬Õ¥∂÷ß
¬Õ¥¢Õß iQ1 (.ÙÙ ·Õ¡·ª√å) ‡Àµÿ
º≈°Á §◊ Õ ‡√“„™â °‘Ë ß «ß®√µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ
√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ √Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ°√–· ∑’˺à“π∑√“ ´‘ ‡µÕ√å Q1 ·≈– Q2
·≈–‰¥‚Õ¥„π«ß®√≈¥·√ߥ—πµ“¡√Ÿª
∑’Ë Û ‡ªìπ®”π«π ¯ °‘Ëßπ—Ëπ‡Õß
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘ · ¥ß√Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ߥ—π
VCE1 VCE1 √–À«à“ߢ“§Õ≈‡≈Á°‡µÕ√å°—∫¢“
→

280 V Õ‘¡‘µ‡µÕ√å¢Õß∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å Q1 ·≈–

→

°√–·  iQ1 ∑’ˉÀ≈ºà“π¢“§Õ≈‡≈Á°-

‡µÕ√å¢Õß∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√åµ—«π’È √Ÿªπ’È
· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ Q1 π”°√–·  (µàÕ
iQ1 «ß®√) „π™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ë·√ߥ—π VCE1 ¡’
→

0.44 V §à“„°≈⇧’¬ß»Ÿπ¬å ∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√ Ÿ≠

→

‡ ’¬°”≈—߇ªì𧫓¡√âÕππâÕ¬Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë
§«√®–‡ªìπ
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò · ¥ß√Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ߥ—π
·≈–°√–· ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫∑√“π´‘ -
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘ √Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ߥ—π§Õ≈‡≈Á°‡µÕ√å-Õ‘¡‘µ‡µÕ√å ·≈–°√–· §Õ≈‡≈Á°‡µÕ√å ‡µÕ√å Q2 ∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—∫¢Õß∑√“π-
¢Õß∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å Q1 ´‘ ‡µÕ√å Q1 „π√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡

«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß
·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß
104
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

√Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ iQ2 ∑’˪√“°Ø„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò π’È VCE2

→
µà“ß°—∫∑’˪√“°Ø„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ Õ¬Ÿà‡≈Á°
280 V
πâÕ¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°„π°“√«—¥√Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ iQ2

→
¢Õß√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò π—Èπ ¡’·√ߥ—π∑’˵°§√àÕ¡
¢¥≈«¥ 1T ¢ÕßÀ¡âÕ·ª≈ß T2 „π
√Ÿª∑’Ë Û ¡“∫«°‡æ‘Ë¡Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬ iQ2

→
4A
º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ

→
ºŸâ π‘ æ π ∏å ‰ ¥â ∑ ¥ ≈ Õ ß «— ¥ §à “
ª√‘¡“≥‰øøÑ“§à“µà“ß Ê ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß
·≈–§”π«≥§à “ ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ¢Õß
«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß·∫∫
„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß
„π∫∑§«“¡π’È ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢Õß
«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—ππ’È ´÷Ëß
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò √Ÿª§≈◊Ëπ·√ߥ—π§Õ≈‡≈Á°‡µÕ√å-Õ‘¡‘µ‡µÕ√å ·≈–°√–· §Õ≈‡≈Á°‡µÕ√å¢Õß
„™â§«“¡∂’˵˔ (ı ‡Œ‘√µ´å) ·≈–„™â
∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å Q2
∑√“π´‘   ‡µÕ√å · ∫∫‰∫‚æ≈“√å ‡ ªì π
 «‘µ™åÀ≈—°„π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß [Û] º≈
°“√‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫‡ªì π ¥— ß ∑’Ë ·  ¥ß‰«â
„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú §à“ª√‘¡“≥‰øøÑ“„π«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß·∫∫≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’˵˔ [Û] °—∫«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß·∫∫≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’Ë

§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß„π∫∑§«“¡π’È

«ß®√§«“¡∂’˵˔ «ß®√§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß
Ò) ·√ߥ—π°√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π‡¢â“ ÚÚ V(rms) ÚÚ V(rms)
Ú) °√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π‡¢â“ .Òˆı A(rms) .Ò˜ı A(rms)
Û) °”≈—ß°√–·  ≈—∫¥â“π‡¢â“ ÚÙ.ı «—µµå Úı «—µµå
Ù) µ—«ª√–°Õ∫°”≈—ߥâ“π‡¢â“ .ˆ˜ (°√–· ≈â“À≈—ß) .ˆı (°√–· ≈â“À≈—ß)
ı) ·√ߥ—π°√–· µ√ߥâ“πÕÕ° Òı ‚«≈µå Òı ‚«≈µå
ˆ) °√–· µ√ߥâ“πÕÕ° Ò ·Õ¡·ª√å Ò ·Õ¡·ª√å
˜)°”≈—ß°√–· µ√ߥâ“πÕÕ° Òı «—µµå Òı «—µµå
¯) ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ‚¥¬√«¡ ˆÒ ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå ˆ ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
105
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
∫∑«‘®“√≥å
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú · ¥ß«à“«ß®√®à“¬
°”≈—ß°√–· µ√ß·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ
≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß„π∫∑§«“¡π’È
¡’ ¡√√∂π–„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π¡“°°—∫«ß®√
®à“¬°”≈—ß∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π ∑’Ë„™â§«“¡
∂’µË Ë”·≈–„™â∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å™π‘¥‰∫‚æ-
≈“√凪ìπ «‘µ™åÀ≈—°„π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
[Û] «ß®√„À¡à„π∫∑§«“¡π’È¡’¢âÕ‰¥â
‡ª√’¬∫«ß®√„π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß [Û] µ√ß
∑’Ë«ß®√µ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ·≈–‰¥‚Õ¥∑’Ë„™â
≈¥·√ߥ— π „™â ™‘È π  à « ππâ Õ ¬°«à “ ¡“°
¥—ß∑’Ë· ¥ß‰«â„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ∑”„Àâ¡’
¢π“¥‡≈Á ° °«à “ ·≈–πÈ” Àπ— ° ‡∫“°«à “
Õ¬à “ ߉√°Á µ “¡ «ß®√„À¡à ¡’ ¢â Õ ‡ ’ ¬
‡ª√’ ¬ ∫∑’Ë µâ Õ ß„™â « ß®√√«¡À√◊ Õ ‰Õ´’
‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ ‡¢â “ ¡“‡æ◊Ë Õ °”‡π‘ ¥ ·√ߥ— π
§«“¡∂’Ë  Ÿ ß ·≈–„™â « ß®√∑’Ë ´— ∫ ´â Õ π
¡“°°«à “ „π°“√¢— ∫ π”°√–· ‡∫  Õ√√≥æ ≈‘È¡ ’¡“√—µπå π‘ ‘µÀ≈—° Ÿµ√
¢Õß∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√å∑’ˇªìπ «‘µ™åÀ≈—°
«ß®√√«¡ TL494 ∑’Ë„™â„π«ß®√
µ“¡√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù ¬—ßÕ“®„™âª√–‚¬™πå‡æ‘Ë¡
‡µ‘¡‰¥âÕ’° §◊Õ„™âªÑÕß°—π·√ߥ—π¥â“π
ÕÕ°‰¡à„Àâ¡’§à“ Ÿß‡°‘π‰ª ·≈–ªÑÕß°—π
°√–· ¢Õß∑√“π´‘ ‡µÕ√åÀ≈—°‰¡à„Àâ
 Ÿß‡°‘π‰ª‰¥â¥â«¬ ·¡â«à“ºŸâπ‘æπ∏å®–
‰¡à‰¥â· ¥ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õ߇√◊ËÕßπ’ȉ«â
ºŸâ∑’Ë π„®°Á¬—ß “¡“√∂»÷°…“¥Ÿ‰¥â®“°
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß [Ù] ·≈– [ı]
 √ÿª
∫∑§«“¡π’È ‰ ¥â ·  ¥ß·π«∑“ß
°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈– √â “ ß«ß®√®à “ ¬
°”≈— ß ‰øøÑ “ °√–· µ√ß ·∫∫„™â µ— «
‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ ≈ ¥·√ߥ— π ∑’Ë § «“¡∂’Ë  Ÿ ß
ª√–¡“≥ Òı °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√µ´å º≈°“√
∑¥≈Õߪ√“°Ø«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ„Àâ°”≈—ߥâ“π
ÕÕ°‡∑à“°—π «ß®√„À¡à„π∫∑§«“¡π’È
¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π¡“°°—∫
«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—ß∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π∑’Ë„™â
§«“¡∂’Ë ı ‡Œ‘√µ´å ·µà¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°
°«à“·≈–¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡∫“°«à“ ´÷Ëß°Á∑”
„Àâ¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â√—∫°“√æ—≤𓉪‡ªìπ
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë„™âß“π„π∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘¡“°
°«à“
°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»
ºŸâ π‘ æ π∏å ¢ Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ ≥ π“¬
ª√‘ ≠ ≠“‡Õ° Àâ Õ ßªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ° “√«‘ ®— ¬
‰øøÑ“·√ß Ÿß ¿“§«‘™“«‘»«°√√¡‰øøÑ“
§≥–«‘»«°√√¡»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ∑’ˉ¥â™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ„π°“√
∫— π ∑÷ ° √Ÿ ª §≈◊Ë π ª√‘ ¡ “≥‰øøÑ “ ¢Õß
«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“„π∫∑§«“¡π’È.
106
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Ò. ¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘ π ∑√å . ·À≈à ß ®à “ ¬°”≈— ß
°√–· µ√ß·∫∫„™â µ— « ‡°Á ∫ ª√–®ÿ „ π°“√
≈¥·√ߥ—π. «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ÚıÙı; Ú˜(Û): ˜Ú˜-˜Û˜.
Ú. ¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘ π ∑√å . °“√ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß
 ¡√√∂π–¢Õß·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—ß°√–· µ√ß
·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π. «“√ “√
√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π ÚıÙˆ; Ú¯(Ò):
ÒÚı-ÒÛÒ.
Û. ¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å. °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß «‘µ™å
À≈—°„π·À≈àß®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß
·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π. «“√ “√
√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π ÚıÙ¯; Û(Ù):
Ù˘¯-˘Ò.
Ù. Linear/Switchmode Voltage Regulator
Handbook. 4th ed., USA: Motorola Inc.,
Phoenix, Arizona, 1989: 559-569.
ı. Dejnakarintra M, Kulvitit Y, and Arya
G, Research and Development of
Switched-mode Power Supplies. Tech-
nical Report prepared the Science
and Technology Development Board,
Ministry of Science, Technology and
Energy, Project No. 493-0340. Elec-
trical Engineering Dept., Faculty of
Engineering, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok, Thailand; 1990.
«ß®√®à“¬°”≈—߉øøÑ“°√–· µ√ß
·∫∫„™âµ—«‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ≈¥·√ߥ—π∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

Abstract A High-frequency Switched-capacitor, DC Power Supply Circuit

Mongkol Dejnakarintra
Fellow of the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Thailand

This article presents a design and construction of a 15-kHz switched-capacitor, DC power

supply circuit based on adaptation from a 50-Hz switched-capacitor, DC power supply circuit
described in previously published articles. Experimental results from the new circuit show that,
given the same DC power output, this 15-kHz circuit has approximately the same efficiency as
the 50-Hz circuit but has a smaller size and weight as expected.

Key words: DC power supply, capacitor, high frequency

‚§√ß°“√√≥√ߧå çªï Úıı ‡ªìπªï¿“…“‰∑¬

‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘‡π◊ËÕß„π‚Õ°“ ¡À“¡ß§≈
‡©≈‘¡æ√–™π¡æ√√…“ ¯ æ√√…“ ı ∏—𫓧¡ Úııé

√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π√à«¡°—∫Àπà«¬ß“π¿“§√—∞·≈–‡Õ°™π ‰¥â·°à  ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’ °√–∑√«ß

«—≤π∏√√¡ °√–∑√«ß»÷°…“∏‘°“√ °√¡ª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å ∫√‘…—∑ ‡Õ‡™’¬ ‡∑‡≈«‘™—Ëπ ·Õπ¥å ¡’‡¥’¬ ®”°—¥
·≈–∫√‘…—∑ ‡«‘√å§æÕ¬∑å ‡ÕÁπ‡µÕ√å‡∑π‡¡π∑å ®”°—¥ (¡À“™π) ®—¥ß“π√≥√ߧå„Àâªï Úıı ‡ªìπªï¿“…“‰∑¬
‡©≈‘ ¡ æ√–‡°’ ¬ √µ‘ æ √–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–‡®â “ Õ¬Ÿà À— « ‡π◊Ë Õ ß„π‚Õ°“ ¡À“¡ß§≈‡©≈‘ ¡ æ√–™π¡æ√√…“
¯ æ√√…“ ı ∏—𫓧¡ Úıı ‚¥¬¡’°‘®°√√¡√à«¡°—πµ≈Õ¥ªï §≥–°√√¡°“√Õ”π«¬°“√®—¥ß“π
ªï¿“…“‰∑¬œ À«—ß«à“‚§√ß°“√π’È®–™à«¬ª≈ÿ°°√–· „Àâ§π‰∑¬À—π¡“查·≈–„™â¿“…“‰∑¬Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß
Õ’°∑—È߇ªìπ°“√‡º¬·æ√àº≈ß“π¥â“π¿“…“‰∑¬¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π Ÿàª√–™“™π ·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
°“√„Àâ∫√‘°“√∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π Ÿàª√–™“™π„Àâ°«â“ߢ«“ß·≈–∑—Ë«∂÷߬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ

¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å
107
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ ÿ¢¿“æ ¥≈ƒ¥’ „® ÿ∑∏‘Ï Ò

 ¡‡°’¬√µ‘ ª√—™≠“«√“°√ Ú
‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π√à«¡°—∫ «“√ÿ≥’ «“√—≠≠“ππ∑å Û
æ—™√’ µ—Èßµ√–°Ÿ≈ Ù
°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»*  ¡™“µ‘ ‚ ¿≥√≥ƒ∑∏‘Ï ı
√“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
·¡â«à“¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ (æ—π∏ÿ墓«¥Õ°¡–≈‘ Òı) ®–‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡æ◊ËÕ ÿ¢¿“æ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡∫√‘‚¿§„π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ·µà‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√‡°‘¥°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡ÁπÀ◊π∑”„ÀâÕ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“ —Èπ ·≈–°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ªÑ߇ªìππÈ”µ“≈
·≈â«¥Ÿ¥´÷¡‡¢â“√à“ß°“¬À≈—ß°“√∫√‘‚¿§‡°‘¥‰¥â‡√Á« ®÷߉¡à‡À¡“–·°àºŸâ∑’˪ɫ¬‡ªìπ‚√§‡∫“À«“πª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Ú ¥—ßπ—Èπ
ß“π«‘®—¬π’È®÷ß¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å‡æ◊ËÕÀ“·π«∑“ß°“√Õ∫·Àâß∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π°“√≈¥°“√‡°‘¥°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡ÁπÀ◊π·≈–Õ—µ√“
°“√¬àÕ¬¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°≈âÕß „π¢≥–∑’˧ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕߥâ“π√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“« §«“¡¢“«¢Õߢ⓫ ®¡Ÿ°¢â“«
√âÕ¬≈–¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à ·≈–§«“¡Àπ◊¥¢ÕßπÈ”·ªÑß ¬—ßÕ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±å∑’ˬա√—∫‰¥â ºŸâ«‘®—¬‰¥âÕ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°æ—π∏ÿ墓«
¥Õ°¡–≈‘ Òı ∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ·≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π
∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»√âÕπ ÒÛ ·≈– Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  „À≥⧫“¡™◊ÈπÀ≈—ßÕ∫·Àâߪ√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– ÚÒ.˘
¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ®÷߇°Á∫¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß·≈⫉«â„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Û, ˆ ·≈– ÒÚ
π“∑’ ·≈â«π”‰ª‡ªÉ“¥â«¬Õ“°“»·«¥≈âÕ¡µàÕ®π‡À≈◊Õ§«“¡™◊Èπ ÿ¥∑⓬ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ.ı ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß
®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“ Õ—µ√“°“√Õ∫·Àâß‚¥¬‡©≈’ˬ·≈–√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«°≈âÕ߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß
·≈–§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ „π¢≥–∑’褈Ҥ«“¡¢“«¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß·≈–ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–®–≈¥≈ß  à«π
ª√‘¡“≥¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß·µ°µà“ß°—π‡≈Á°πâÕ¬  ”À√—∫Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»µàÕ§ÿ≥¿“æ
¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß æ∫«à“ °√≥’¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú °“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»‡ªìπ‡«≈“
Û π“∑’π—Èπ ‡æ’¬ßæÕ·°à°“√√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ∑“ߥâ“π√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«°≈âÕß ·µàµâÕß„™â‡«≈“ ˆ π“∑’  ”À√—∫
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û „π·ßà¢Õߧÿ≥¿“æ¥â“𧫓¡Àπ◊¥¢ÕßπÈ”·ªÑߢ⓫°≈âÕß æ∫«à“
§à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß ÿ¥ (peak viscosity) ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßπâÕ¬  à«π§«“¡Àπ◊¥ ÿ¥∑⓬ (final viscosity) ·≈–§à“
setback ®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“π“π¢÷Èπ ¥â“πÕ—µ√“°“√¬àÕ¬¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°≈âÕß æ∫«à“
®–≈¥≈߇¡◊ËÕ§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß ·≈–√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ

§” ”§—≠ : °“√Õ∫·Àâß, °≈‘Ëπ‡À¡ÁπÀ◊π, ¢â“«°≈âÕß, ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°, ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–, ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥,

Õ—µ√“°“√¬àÕ¬¢Õß·ªÑß

* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ÚÒ ¡’π“§¡ æ.». Úıı

Ò
π—°»÷°…“ª√‘≠≠“‡Õ° §≥–æ≈—ßß“π·≈–«— ¥ÿ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“∏π∫ÿ√’ °√ÿ߇∑æœ
Ú
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å §≥–«‘»«°√√¡»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“∏π∫ÿ√’ °√ÿ߇∑æœ
Û
ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√  ∂“∫—π§âπ§«â“·≈–æ—≤π“º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å °√ÿ߇∑æœ
Ù
π—°«‘®—¬™”π“≠°“√  ∂“∫—π§âπ§«â“·≈–æ—≤π“º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å °√ÿ߇∑æœ
ı
»“ µ√“®“√¬å §≥–æ≈—ßß“π·≈–«— ¥ÿ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“∏π∫ÿ√’ °√ÿ߇∑æœ

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ ÿ¢¿“æ
‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π√à«¡°—∫°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»
108

Ò. ∫∑π”
¢â“«°≈âÕߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬«‘µ“¡‘π
·≈–·√à∏“µÿ®”π«π¡“° ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫
‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢â“«¢“«·≈–¢â“«π÷ßË ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°
 à « π∑’Ë ‡ ªì π √”‰¡à ‰ ¥â ∂Ÿ ° ¢— ¥  ’ Õ Õ°‰ªÒ
Õ’°∑—È߬—ߙ૬ªÑÕß°—π‚√§µà“ß Ê ‡™àπ
¡–‡√Á ß ‡∫“À«“π ·≈–™à « ¬„π°“√
§«∫§ÿ¡πÈ”Àπ—°¥â«¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¢â“«
°≈â Õ ß¡’ ª √‘ ¡ “≥¢Õ߇ â π „¬Õ“À“√
™π‘¥∑’ˉ¡à≈–≈“¬πÈ” (insoluble fibre)
 Ÿß ´÷Ëßπ—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√凙◊ËÕ«à“™à«¬
ªÑ Õ ß°— π ¡–‡√Á ß ‰¥â Õ’ ° ∑—È ß ∂â “ ∫√‘ ‚ ¿§
Õ“À“√®”æ«°§“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√µ ‡™à π
¢â“«¢“« ®– àߺ≈∑”„Àâ√–¥—∫πÈ”µ“≈
„π‡≈◊Õ¥·≈–ª√‘¡“≥Õ‘π´Ÿ≈‘π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
√«¥‡√Á « ª√‘ ¡ “≥πÈ” µ“≈„π‡≈◊ Õ ¥∑’Ë
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°Õ“À“√  “¡“√∂
∫à ß ∫Õ°‰¥â¥â« ¬¥— ™ π’∑’Ë ‡√’¬°«à“ gly-
cemic index ‚¥¬§à“¥—™π’π’È®– ŸßÀ√◊Õ
µË” ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ª√‘¡“≥§“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√µ
∑’Ë√à“ß°“¬¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π«à“√«¥‡√Á«‡æ’¬ß„¥
§à“ glycemic index  Ÿß· ¥ß«à“√à“ß
°“¬ “¡“√∂¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π§“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√µ
‰¥â¥’
®“°√“¬ß“π«‘®¬— ∑’ºË “à π¡“æ∫«à“
¢â“«¢“«¡’ glycemic index  Ÿß°«à“
¢â “ «°≈â Õ ß Ú ¥â « ¬‡Àµÿ º ≈¥— ß °≈à “ «
∑”„Àâº∫Ÿâ √‘‚¿§À—π¡“∫√‘‚¿§¢â“«°≈âÕß
‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ·¡â«à“
¢â “ «°≈â Õ ß®–¡’ §ÿ ≥ §à “ ∑“ßÕ“À“√ Ÿ ß
°«à“¢â“«¢“«·≈–¢â“«π÷Ëß°Áµ“¡ ·µà
¢â “ «°≈â Õ ß¡’ √ –¬–‡«≈“„π°“√‡°Á ∫
√—°…“ —Èπ §◊Õª√–¡“≥ ˆ-ÒÚ ‡¥◊Õπ
‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æ¢Õ߉¢¡—π
„π¢â“«°≈âÕß ∑”„À⇰‘¥°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡ÁπÀ◊π
¥≈ƒ¥’ „® ÿ∑∏‘Ï ·≈–§≥–
„π‡¡≈Á¥¢â“« ´÷Ë߉¡à‡ªìπ∑’˵âÕß°“√¢Õß
ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§∑’˧ÿâπ‡§¬°—∫°“√∫√‘‚¿§ ¢â“«
¢“« ¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ (æ—π∏ÿ墓«
¥Õ°¡–≈‘ Òı) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡∫√‘‚¿§
„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’§à“ glycemic index
 Ÿß ®÷ßÕ“®®–‰¡à‡À¡“–·°à°“√∫√‘‚¿§
 ”À√— ∫ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ‚√§‡∫“À«“π
ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë Ú ®“°ß“π«‘®—¬∑’˺à“π¡“
æ∫«à“ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√Õ∫·Àâß “¡“√∂
À¬ÿ¥¬—ßÈ °“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‰≈‡æ  Õ—π‰¡à‡ªìπ∑’Ëæ÷ߪ√– ß§å¢ÕߺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§
∑’ˇªìπµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥°≈‘Ëπ
‡À¡ÁπÀ◊π„π‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‰¥â ¥—ß®–‡ÀÁπ
‰¥â ® “°ß“π«‘ ®— ¬ ¢Õß Champagne Û
∑’Ë∑”°“√∑¥≈Õ߇ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√‘¡“≥
°√¥‰¢¡— π Õ‘   √–∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π „π¢â “ «
√–À«à“ߢ⓫°≈âÕß∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß
¥â « ¬≈¡√â Õ π°— ∫ ¢â “ «∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ‰ ¥â ºà “ π
°√–∫«π°“√Õ∫·Àâß æ∫«à“ ¢â“«°≈âÕß
∑’˺à“π°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Û˜
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ ı «—π
ª√‘ ¡ “≥°√¥‰¢¡— π Õ‘   √–¢Õߢ⠓ «∑’Ë
ºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ™â“°«à“¢â“«
∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ‰ ¥â ºà “ π°√–∫«π°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß
ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– ˜
®“°ß“π«‘ ®— ¬ ∑’Ë ºà “ π¡“æ∫«à “
‡∑§π‘ § °“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °¥â « ¬
‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π ‚¥¬„™âÕ“°“»
√âÕπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß „ÀâÕ—µ√“°“√Õ∫
·Àâß Ÿß ·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°
Õ¬Ÿà „ π‡°≥±å ∑’Ë ¬ Õ¡√— ∫ ‰¥âÙ À“°π”
¡“ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â°—∫ß“π«‘®—¬π’È πà“®–
™à«¬∑”„Àâ§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß Ÿß
¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–§ÿ≥¿“懙‘ß ÿ¢¿“æ
·≈–√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√Õ∫·Àâß≈¥≈ß
¥— ß π—È π ß“π«‘ ®— ¬ π’È ®÷ ß ¡’ «— µ ∂ÿ
109
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
ª√– ß§å ‡ æ◊Ë Õ »÷ ° …“«‘ ∏’ ° “√º≈‘ µ ¢â “ «
°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ (æ—π∏ÿ墓«¥Õ°¡–≈‘
Òı)  ÿ¢¿“æ∑’Ë “¡“√∂‡°Á∫√—°…“
„π≈— ° …≥–¢Õߢ⠓ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °‰¥â ‡ ªì π
√–¬–‡«≈“π“π ‚¥¬∑’ˇ¡◊ËÕ𔉪ºà“π
°√–∫«π°“√ ’·≈â« ®–¬—ߧߡ’®¡Ÿ°¢â“«
(rice germ) ´÷Ë ß ¡’ §ÿ ≥ §à “ ∑“ß “√
Õ“À“√ à«π„À≠àÕ¬Ÿà ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ𔉪
√—∫ª√–∑“π®–‰¡à‡°‘¥°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡ÁπÀ◊π
√«¡∑—Èß¡’Õ—µ√“°“√¬àÕ¬¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫
°≈âÕߙⓠ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ∑“߇≈◊Õ°„Àⷰຟâ
∑’˪ɫ¬‡ªìπ‚√§‡∫“À«“π„π°“√‡≈◊Õ°
∫√‘ ‚ ¿§ ‚¥¬„™â ¢â “ «ÀÕ¡æ— π ∏ÿå ¢ “«
¥Õ°¡–≈‘ Òı ‡ªìπ«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫„π°“√
Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‡∑§π‘§°“√Õ∫·Àâß·∫∫
ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß √à«¡°—∫
°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ·≈–°“√‡ªÉ“
¥â«¬Õ“°“»·«¥≈âÕ¡ πÕ°®“°»÷°…“
«‘∏’°“√Õ∫·Àâß·≈â« „πß“π«‘®—¬π’Ȭ—ß
»÷ ° …“º≈¢Õß√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√‡°Á ∫
„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ‡æ◊ËÕ¥Ÿ·π«‚πâ¡„π°“√
‡√àߧ«“¡‡ªìπ¢â“«‡°à“¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß
‚¥¬»÷°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ∑“ߥâ“𰓬¿“æ
 ¡∫—µ‘∑“߇§¡’ ·≈– ¡∫—µ‘∑“߇§¡’
°“¬¿“æ¢Õߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±å
Ú. Õÿª°√≥å·≈–«‘∏’°“√∑¥≈Õß
Ú.Ò ‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâß
‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâß∑’Ë„™â„π°“√
∑¥≈Õß„πß“π«‘®—¬π’È ‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫
·Àâß·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥·∫∫ß«¥‚¥¬
„™âÕ“°“»√âÕπ ·ºπ¿“æ¢ÕßÕÿª°√≥å
™ÿ ¥ π’È ·  ¥ß¥— ß √Ÿ ª ∑’Ë Ò ´÷Ë ß ¡’  à « π
ª√–°Õ∫À≈—° Ê ¥—ßπ’È ÀâÕßÕ∫·Àâß
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

√Ÿª∑√ß°√–∫Õ°∑’Ë∑”¥â«¬‡À≈Á°°≈â“ fan) ¢—∫‡§≈◊ËÕπ¥â«¬¡Õ‡µÕ√å¢π“¥ ¡“ ·≈–∑”„Àâ√âÕπ®π∂÷ßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë

‰√â   π‘ ¡ ¢π“¥‡ â π ºà “ π»Ÿ π ¬å ° ≈“ß
Ú ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√  Ÿß ÒÙ ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√
¡’µ«— „À⧫“¡√âÕπ®”π«π Û µ—« ¢π“¥
°”≈—ßµ—«≈– Û °‘‚≈«—µµå ·≈–æ—¥≈¡
·∫∫Àπ’»πŸ ¬å°≈“ß™π‘¥„∫æ—¥‚§âßÀ≈—ß
(backward-curved-blade centrifugal
Ò.ı °‘‚≈«—µµå ¡’µ—«ª√—∫§«“¡‡√Á«√Õ∫
‡æ◊Ë Õ ª√— ∫ Õ— µ √“°“√‰À≈¢ÕßÕ“°“»
√–∫∫Õ∫·Àâ ß Àÿâ ¡ ¥â « ¬©π«π„¬·°â «
‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬§«“¡√âÕπ Õ“°“»
∫“ß à«π∑’˺à“πÀâÕßÕ∫·Àâß·≈â«®–∂Ÿ°
π”°≈—∫¡“º ¡°—∫Õ“°“»„À¡à∑’ˇ¢â“
µâÕß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ„™â„π°“√Õ∫·ÀâßµàÕ‰ª
Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ¢ Õß√–∫∫Õ∫·Àâ ß §«∫§ÿ ¡
¥â«¬√–∫∫ PID Controller ¡’§«“¡
∂Ÿ°µâÕß ± Ò Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ 

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ‡§√◊ËÕßÕ∫·Àâß·∫∫ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥´å‡∫¥·∫∫ß«¥

Ú.Ú «‘∏’°“√∑¥≈Õß §«∫§ÿ¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë Ù Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  √â Õ ¬≈– ¯ ®“°π—Èπ𔉪‡°Á∫„π∑’Ë

π”¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘
(æ—π∏ÿ墓«¥Õ°¡–≈‘ Òı) ¡“‡æ‘Ë¡
§«“¡™◊È π „Àâ ‰ ¥â § «“¡™◊È π ‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π „°≈â
‡§’¬ß°—∫§«“¡™◊ÈπÀ≈—ß°“√‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«
§◊ Õ ª√–¡“≥√â Õ ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ·≈–
ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß (∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡
µâ π  Ÿ ß ®–∑”„Àâ ‡ ¡≈Á ¥ ¢â “ «‡°‘ ¥ §«“¡
‡°à “ ‰¥â ‡ √Á « ¢÷È πı) ‚¥¬æ√¡πÈ”≈ß∫π
‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ° ®“°π—Èπ𔉪‡°Á∫
‰«â „ π∂— ß ∑’Ë ªî ¥  π‘ ∑ „πÀâ Õ ß‡¬Á π ∑’Ë
„π™à«ßª√–¡“≥ Û-Ù «—π·√° π”
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°ÕÕ°¡“§≈ÿ° ·≈â«π”°≈—∫
‰ª‡°Á∫¥—߇¥‘¡®π§√∫ ˜ «—π °àÕπ
°“√∑¥≈ÕßÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬‡§√◊ÕË ßÕ∫·Àâß
·∫∫ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥´å ‡ ∫¥ ª≈à Õ ¬„À⠢⠓ «
‡ª≈◊ Õ °¡’ Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ‡ ∑à “ °— ∫ Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘
·«¥≈âÕ¡ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë„™â‡∑à“°—∫ ÒÛ
·≈– Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‚¥¬„™â
§«“¡‡√Á«Õ“°“» Ú.ˆ ‡¡µ√µàÕ«‘π“∑’
·≈–Õ“°“»À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π°≈—∫¡“„™â„À¡à
Õ—∫Õ“°“»‡ªìπ‡«≈“ .ı, Ò ·≈– Ú
™—Ë«‚¡ß ‚¥¬‡°Á∫‰«â„π¢«¥·°â«∑’˪î¥
 π‘∑∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
¢Õ߇¡≈Á¥À≈—ß°“√Õ∫·Àâß ·≈â«®÷ßπ”
‰ª‡ªÉ“¥â«¬Õ“°“»·«¥≈âÕ¡®π§«“¡
™◊Èπ≈¥≈߇À≈◊Õª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ.ı
¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ®“°π—Èπ𔉪«‘‡§√“–Àå
§ÿ≥¿“æ¥â“πµà“ß Ê µàÕ‰ª
 ”À√—∫°“√À“§«“¡™◊πÈ ¢Õߢ⓫
‡ª≈◊Õ°®–‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ߧ√—ßÈ ≈–ª√–¡“≥

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ ÿ¢¿“æ
‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π√à«¡°—∫°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»
110

ı °√—¡ ‰ªÕ∫·Àâß„πµŸâÕ∫‰øøÑ“∑’Ë
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ
‡«≈“ ˜Ú ™—Ë«‚¡ß °“√«—¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘®–
„™â‡∑Õ√å¡Õ§—ª‡ªî≈™π‘¥ K µàÕ‡¢â“°—∫
‡§√◊ËÕß∫—π∑÷°º≈¢Õß∫√‘…—∑ YOKO-
KAWA (√ÿπà C8510 ™à«ß«—¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
-Ò ∂÷ß ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡
≈–‡Õ’¬¥√âÕ¬≈– ±.Ú Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ )
·≈–°“√«—¥§«“¡‡√Á«≈¡„™â¡“µ√§«“¡
‡√Á«≈¡·∫∫≈«¥√âÕπ (hot-wire an-
emometer) ¡’§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ±.Ò ‡¡µ√
µàÕ«‘π“∑’
Ú.Û °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå§ÿ≥¿“æ
„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå§ÿ≥¿“æ
∑“ߥâ“𰓬¿“æ  ¡∫—µ∑‘ “߇§¡’ ·≈–
 ¡∫—µ‘∑“߇§¡’°“¬¿“æ ®–∑”´È” Û
§√—ßÈ „π·µà≈–µ—«Õ¬à“ß ´÷ßË °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
§ÿ≥¿“æ∑“ߥâ“𰓬¿“æª√–°Õ∫
‰ª¥â«¬ °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«
°≈âÕß (head brown rice yield) ‚¥¬
™—ËßπÈ”Àπ—°¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë –Õ“¥·≈â«
Úı °√—¡ À≈—ß®“°π—πÈ °–‡∑“–‡ª≈◊Õ°
¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ß°–‡∑“–‡ª≈◊ Õ ° Satake
®“°π—Èπ·¬°¢â“«°≈âÕ߇µÁ¡‡¡≈Á¥¥â«¬
‡§√◊ËÕߧ—¥·¬°·∫∫µ–·°√ß°≈¡ ·≈â«
®÷ ß §”π«≥À“√â Õ ¬≈–µâ π ¢â “ «°≈â Õ ß
∑—Èßπ’È µâπ¢â“«°≈âÕßÕâ“ßՑ߉¥â®“°°“√
π”¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡™◊È π ‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π
‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫∑’ËÕ∫·Àâߥ⫬Փ°“»√âÕπ
¡“Õ∫·Àâ ß ‚¥¬°“√‡ªÉ “ ¥â « ¬Õ“°“»
·«¥≈â Õ ¡®π‡À≈◊ Õ §«“¡™◊È π √â Õ ¬≈–
Òˆ.ı ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß
°“√«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡¢“«¢Õߢ⓫
°≈âÕß (whiteness of brown rice) „™â
Õÿª°√≥å«—¥§«“¡¢“« Kett C-300
¥≈ƒ¥’ „® ÿ∑∏‘Ï ·≈–§≥–
°“√«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ® ¡Ÿ ° ¢â “ «°≈â Õ ß
(brown rice germ) ‚¥¬π”µâπ¢â“«
¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß¡“®”π«π Ò ‡¡≈Á¥
·¬°®”π«π¢â“«∑’Ë¡’®¡Ÿ°¢â“«ÕÕ°®“°
µâπ¢â“«¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß‚¥¬„™â‰ø àÕß
·≈–∫—π∑÷°®”π«π¢â“«∑’Ë¡’®¡Ÿ°¢â“«∑’Ë
π—∫‰¥â ∑”´È”°—πµ—«Õ¬à“ß≈– Û §√—Èß
·≈â«π”‰ª‡©≈’ˬ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈–®¡Ÿ°¢â“«
°≈âÕß
°“√«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå À “√â Õ ¬≈–¢â “ «
∑âÕ߉¢à¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß (white belly of
brown rice) π”µâπ¢â“«¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß
¡“®”π«π Ò ‡¡≈Á ¥ ·≈â « ·¬°
®”π«π¢â“«∑’‡Ë ªìπ¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à ÕÕ°®“°
µâπ¢â“«¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß‚¥¬„™â‰ø àÕß
‚¥¬‡≈◊ Õ °‡©æ“–‡¡≈Á ¥ ∑’Ë ¡’ ®ÿ ¥ ¢ÿà π ∑÷ ∫
· ß‡°‘ π √â Õ ¬≈– ı ¢÷È π ‰ª ·≈–
∫—π∑÷°®”π«π¢â“«∑’ˇªìπ¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à
∑’Ëπ—∫‰¥â ∑”´È”°—πµ—«Õ¬à“ß≈– Û §√—Èß
·≈â«π”‰ª‡©≈’ˬ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈–¢â“«∑âÕß
‰¢à¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß
 à « π°“√«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå   ¡∫— µ‘ ∑ “ß
‡§¡’¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß ‰¥â·°à ª√‘¡“≥
°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–·≈–°“√¬àÕ¬¢Õß·ªÑß
°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–
¥—¥·ª≈ß¡“®“° Fat Acidity-General
Method ‚¥¬ AACC Method 02-
01ˆ «‘∏’°“√‡ªìπ¥—ßπ’È π”¢â“«°≈âÕ߉ª
¢—¥√”ÕÕ°¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß Satake miller
®”π«π Û §√—Èß ·≈â«™—ËßπÈ”Àπ—°√”∑’Ë
‰¥âª√–¡“≥ Ú °√—¡ „ à„πµ—«°√Õß
À¡“¬‡≈¢ Ò ∑’ˇµ√’¬¡‰«â À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ
∫√√®ÿµ—«°√Õß≈ß„π¢«¥·°â« ·≈⫇µ‘¡
 “√≈–≈“¬ªî‚µ√‡≈’¬¡Õ’‡∑Õ√å (petro-
leum ether) Ú ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈–π”
111
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
‰ªÀ¡ÿπ‡À«’Ë¬ß (centrifuge) ‡ªìπ‡«≈“
ª√–¡“≥ Ú «—π ®“°π—Èπ𔉪·¬°
ªî‚µ√‡≈’¬¡Õ’‡∑Õ√åÕÕ° ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√
√–‡À¬®π‡À≈◊Õ·µàª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π ·≈–
‡µ√’¬¡ “√≈–≈“¬‚∑≈ŸÕ’π (toluene)
¥â « ¬‚∑≈Ÿ Õ’ π Ò ≈‘ µ √ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å
Ò ≈‘µ√ ·≈–øïπÕ≈åø∑“≈’π (phenol-
phthalein) .¯ °√—¡ ·≈â«®÷ßπ” “√
≈–≈“¬‚∑≈ŸÕ’π∑’ˇµ√’¬¡‰«â‡µ‘¡≈ß„π
¢«¥ª√‘¡“≥ ı ml ®“°π—Èπ𔉪
‰∑‡∑√µ¥â«¬ .Ò˜¯ M KOH ®π
 “√≈–≈“¬‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ ’™¡æŸ Õà“π
ª√‘¡“≥ .Ò˜¯ M KOH ∑’Ë„™â‰ª
∫—π∑÷°§à“‰«â ·≈â«π”¡“§”π«≥À“
√âÕ¬≈–°√¥‰¢¡—π ¥—ßπ’È
√âÕ¬≈–°√¥‰¢¡—π
Õ‘ √– = A - B χ 10 (Ò)
100-C
‚¥¬∑’Ë A §◊Õ ª√‘¡“≥ .Ò˜¯ M
KOH ∑’Ë„™â„π°“√‰∑‡∑√µ
µ—«Õ¬à“ß (¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√)
B §◊Õ ª√‘¡“≥ .Ò˜¯ M
KOH ∑’Ë„™â„π°“√‰∑‡∑√µ
‰√â ‘Ëßµ—«Õ¬à“ß (¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√)
C §◊Õ ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”Àπ—°¢Õß
πÈ”„π Ò °√—¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß
(°√—¡)
 à«π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√¬àÕ¬¢Õß
·ªÑ ß ¢â “ «°≈â Õ ß¥— ¥ ·ª≈ß¡“®“°«‘ ∏’
«‘‡§√“–Àå¢Õß Goni ·≈–§≥–˜ ‚¥¬
‡µ√’¬¡¢â“«°≈âÕß ÿ° ı ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡
„ à„π¢«¥∑¥≈Õß¢π“¥ Û ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
®“°π—Èπ‡µ‘¡∫—ø‡øÕ√å HCl-KCl æ’‡Õ™
Ò.ı ª√‘¡“≥ Ò ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈â«®÷ßπ”
‰ªªíòπ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Ú π“∑’ ·≈–‡µ‘¡ “√
≈–≈“¬‡æª´‘π (pepsin) À√◊ÕæÕ√å´’π
(porcine) Ò ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡ ª√‘¡“≥ .Ú
¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈â«π”‰ª‡¢¬à“„πÕà“ßπÈ”
√âÕπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ù Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  π“∑’
‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ˆ π“∑’ ®“°π—Èπª√—∫ “√
≈–≈“¬‡ªìπ Úı ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ‚¥¬‡µ‘¡
Tris-Maleate buffer (æ’‡Õ™ ˆ.˘)
ª√‘¡“≥ Òı ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√≈ß„π¢«¥·≈–
‡æ◊Ë Õ «— ¥ Õ— µ √“°“√¬à Õ ¬¢Õß·ªÑ ß ¢â “ «
°≈âÕß®–‡µ‘¡ Tris-Maleate buffer ∑’Ë¡’
Ú.ˆ IU ∝amylase porcine ª√‘¡“≥
ı ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈â«π”‰ª‡¢¬à“„πÕà“ßπÈ”
√âÕπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Û˜ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  GI = 39.71 + (0.549HI)
‚¥¬¥Ÿ¥µ—«Õ¬à“ߪ√‘¡“≥ .Ò ¡‘≈≈‘≈µ‘ √
„ à„πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß∑ÿ° Ê Û π“∑’
‡ªì 𠇫≈“ Ò¯ π“∑’ ‚¥¬À≈Õ¥
∑¥≈Õß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥®–∂Ÿ°π”‰ªµâ¡„ππÈ”
‡¥◊Õ¥‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ı π“∑’ ·≈â«®÷߇µ‘¡
.Ù M sodium acetate buffer (æ’‡Õ™
Ù.˜ı) ª√‘¡“≥ .Ò ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈–
AMG ª√‘¡“≥ Û ‰¡‚§√≈‘µ√ ≈ß„π
À≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß ·≈â«π”‰ª‡¢¬à“„πÕà“ß
πÈ”√âÕπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ˆ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ·∫àß·ªÑ߇ªìπ Ú  à«π  à«πÀπ÷Ëßπ”
‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Ùı π“∑’ ‡æ◊ËÕÀ“ª√‘¡“≥
°≈Ÿ‚§  ∑—Èßπ’È Õ—µ√“°“√¬àÕ¬¢Õß·ªÑß
¢â “ «°≈â Õ ß “¡“√∂§”π«≥‰¥â ® “°
 ¡°“√¢Õß Goni ·≈–§≥–˜ §◊Õ
C = C∞ (1 - e-kt)
(Ú)
‚¥¬∑’Ë C §◊Õ √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕßÕ—µ√“°“√
¬àÕ¬¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°≈âÕß∑’Ë
‡«≈“ t
C∞ §◊Õ √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕßÕ—µ√“°“√
¬àÕ¬¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°≈âÕß∑’Ë
‡«≈“ Ò¯ π“∑’
k §◊Õ §à“§ß∑’Ë¢ÕßÕ—µ√“°“√
¬àÕ¬
t §◊Õ ‡«≈“∑’Ë„™â„π°“√¬àÕ¬,
AUC = C∞ (t f - t o)-(C∞/k) [1 - exp[-k(t f - to)]]
‚¥¬∑’Ë t f §◊Õ ‡«≈“ ÿ¥∑⓬∑’Ë
„™â„π°“√¬àÕ¬ (Ò¯ π“∑’) ·≈– t o
§◊ Õ ‡«≈“‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π ∑’Ë „ ™â „ π°“√¬à Õ ¬
( π“∑’)  à«π§à“ HI §”π«≥‰¥â®“°
°“√À“√æ◊È π ∑’Ë „ µâ ‚ §â ß ¢ÕßÕ— µ √“°“√
°“√«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå   ¡∫— µ‘ ∑ “߇§¡’
°“¬¿“æ®–‡πâ π §à “ §«“¡Àπ◊ ¥ ¢Õß
·ªÑß®“°¢â“«°≈âÕß °àÕπ∑’Ë®–«—¥§à“
§«“¡Àπ◊¥¢ÕßπÈ”·ªÑß ‡√‘Ë¡®“°°“√
π” µ— « Õ ¬à “ ß ¢â “ « ° ≈â Õ ß ¡ “ ∫ ¥ „ Àâ
≈–‡Õ’¬¥‚¥¬„™â‡§√◊ËÕß ultracentrifugal
mill ®“°π—È π π”ºß·ªÑ ß ¡“√à Õ π„π
µ–·°√ß¢π“¥ .Úı ¡‘ ≈ ≈‘ ‡ ¡µ√
‰ªÀ“§«“¡™◊Èπ¡Ÿ≈∞“π‡ªï¬° ‚¥¬™—Ëß
πÈ” Àπ— ° ·ªÑ ß „Àâ ‰ ¥â πÈ” Àπ— ° ·πà π Õπ
ª√–¡“≥ ı °√— ¡ ·≈â « π”¡“Õ∫∑’Ë
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ
‡«≈“ Ú.Û ™—Ë«‚¡ßÀ≈—ß®“°π—Èππ”
Õ’° à«πÀπ÷Ë߉ª∑¥ Õ∫ ¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß
Rapid visco analyser (RVA) ·≈–π”
º≈∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ‰ª«‘‡§√“–Àå
∑“ß ∂‘ µ‘ ¥â « ¬‚ª√·°√¡ SPSS
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π√à«¡°—∫°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»
112
 ”À√—∫æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„µâ‚§âß (AUC) ∑’Ë
®–𔉪§”π«≥À“§à “ hydrolysis
index (HI)  “¡“√∂§”π«≥‰¥â®“°
 ¡°“√
(Û)
¬àÕ¬µ—«Õ¬à“ߥ⫬æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„µâ‚§âßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß
´÷Ë ß „π∑’Ë π’È §◊ Õ æ◊È π ∑’Ë „ µâ ‚ §â ß ¢ÕßÕ— µ √“
°“√¬àÕ¬¢π¡ªíߢ“« ·≈–§à“ glycemic
index (GI) §”π«≥‰¥â®“° ¡°“√
(Ù)
«‘‡§√“–Àå ∂‘µ‘ ANOVA (Analysis of
variance) ‚¥¬«‘∏’ DMRT (Duncanûs
new multiple range test) ∑’Ë√–¥—∫
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ√âÕ¬≈– ˘ı
Û. º≈·≈–«‘®“√≥å
Û.Ò °“√≈¥§«“¡™◊È π ¢Õß
¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °‚¥¬‡∑§π‘ § ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥-
‡´™—π¥â«¬Õ“°“»√âÕπ
®“°°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë
§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ·≈–
ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ
·≈– Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ¡“‡°Á∫
„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“µà“ß Ê
·≈–π”¡“≈¥§«“¡™◊È π µà Õ ¥â « ¬°“√
‡ªÉ“¥â«¬Õ“°“»·«¥≈â Õ¡ ‰¥â º≈¥— ß
· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú ·≈– Û ™à«ß°“√Õ∫
·Àâߥ⫬‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π ¢â“«
°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ ÿ¢¿“æ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ Ÿß¢÷Èπ®– „π¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– π“∑’ ®“°π—Èπ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßπâÕ¬¡“°

„™â ‡ «≈“„π°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß π“π¢÷È π ¥— ß
· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù ·≈– ı ·≈–∑’˧«“¡
™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ‡¥’¬«°—π∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Òı
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ®–„™â‡«≈“„π°“√Õ∫
·ÀâßπâÕ¬°«à“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬  ∑—ßÈ π’È ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°‡¡◊ÕË Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
„π°“√Õ∫·Àâß Ÿß¢÷Èπ §à“ —¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï
°“√·æ√à ¢ Õߧ«“¡™◊È π ¡’ §à “ ¡“°¢÷È π
µ“¡‰ª¥â«¬ ®÷ß„™â‡«≈“„π°“√Õ∫·Àâß
 —Èπ°«à“
‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“º≈¢Õß√–¬–‡«≈“
°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»µàÕ°“√≈¥≈ß
¢Õߧ«“¡™◊Èπ„π™à«ß°“√‡ªÉ“≈¡‡¬Áπ
Ú¯.Ú „π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú æ∫«à“ °“√‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»π“π°«à“ Û π“∑’ ‰¡à àß
º≈µàÕ°“√≈¥≈ߢÕߧ«“¡™◊Èπ„π™à«ß
¢Õß°“√‡ªÉ“≈¡‡¬Áπ¡“°π—° ¥—ßπ—Èπ
°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Û
π“∑’ °Áπà“®–‡æ’¬ßæÕ ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡
™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û
¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë Û §«“¡™◊Èπ∑’Ë≈¥≈߉¥â„π™à«ß
°“√‡ªÉ“≈¡‡¬ÁπÀ≈—ß®“°‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫
Õ“°“»‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Û π“∑’ πâÕ¬°«à“
∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ·µà
®–§àÕ¬ Ê ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ√–¬–‡«≈“°“√
‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ ˆ
®“°°√≥’ ¥— ß °≈à “ «Õ“®‡π◊Ë Õ ß¡“®“°
∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ Ÿßπ—Èπ À≈—ß°“√Õ∫·Àâß
¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π „π™à«ß·√°
®–‡°‘ ¥ §«“¡·µ°µà “ ߢÕߧ«“¡™◊È π
√–À«à “ ß·°π°≈“ß„π‡¡≈Á ¥ °— ∫ ∑’Ë º‘ «
Õ’ ° ∑—È ß ∑’Ë § «“¡™◊È π ‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π  Ÿ ß ‡°‘ ¥ ‡®≈
‰¥â ¥’ ° «à “ ®÷ ß ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß„™â ‡ «≈“„π
°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»π“π¢÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ
∑’Ë ® –„Àâ § «“¡™◊È π ∑’Ë · °π°≈“ߢÕß
‡¡≈Á¥·æ√à¡“∑’˺‘« ´÷Ëß√–¬–‡«≈“„π
°“√‡°Á ∫ „π∑’Ë Õ— ∫ Õ“°“»∑’Ë ‡ À¡“– ¡
 ”À√—∫°“√Õ∫·Àâß∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ
√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û πà“®–‡ªìπ ˆ π“∑’

28
27 T 130C, Tempering 30 min
26 T 130C, Tempering 60 min
T 130C, Tempering 120 min
Moisture content (%d.b.)

25 Drying T 150C, Tempering 30 min

24 T 150C, Tempering 60 min
23 Tempering T 150C, Tempering 120 min
22
21
20
19
18
17 Ventilation
16
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Elapsed time (min)

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧ«“¡™◊Èπ¢Õߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°µ“¡‡«≈“ (§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú)

¥≈ƒ¥’ „® ÿ∑∏‘Ï ·≈–§≥–

113
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

33 T 130C, Tempering 30 min

T 130C, Tempering 60 min
31 T 130C, Tempering 120 min
Moisture content (%d.b.)

29 T 150C, Tempering 30 min

T 150C, Tempering 60 min
Drying T 150C, Tempering 120 min
27
25
23 Tempering
21
19
Ventilation
17
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Elapsed time (min)

√Ÿª∑’Ë Û °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧ«“¡™◊Èπ¢Õߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°µ“¡‡«≈“ (§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û)

30
Moisture content (%d.b.)

25

20

15
T = 130C, Mi = 28.2%d.b.
T = 150C, Mi = 28.2%d.b.
10
0 1 2 3
Elapsed time (min)

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧ«“¡™◊Èπ¢Õߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°µ“¡‡«≈“ ™à«ß°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π (§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú)

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ ÿ¢¿“æ
‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π√à«¡°—∫°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»
114
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

Moisture content (%d.b.) 35

30

25

20

15 T = 130C, Mi = 33.3%d.b.
T = 150C, Mi = 33.3%d.b.
10
0 1 2 3 4
Elapsed time (min)

√Ÿª∑’Ë ı °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧ«“¡™◊Èπ¢Õߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°µ“¡‡«≈“ ™à«ß°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π (§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û)

42

41
Head brown rice yield (%)

40

39

38

37 T = 130C, Mi = 28.2%d.b.
T = 150C, Mi = 28.2%d.b.
36 T = 130C, Mi = 33.3%d.b.
T = 150C, Mi = 33.3%d.b.
35
0 30 60 90 120 150
Tempering time (min)

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«°≈âÕß°—∫‡«≈“°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»∑’ˇß◊ËÕπ‰¢µà“ß Ê (√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß

∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ·≈– ÛÛ.Û ‡∑à“°—∫ ÙÒ.˜ ·≈– ÙÚ.Ò µ“¡≈”¥—∫)

¥≈ƒ¥’ „® ÿ∑∏‘Ï ·≈–§≥–

115
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
Û.Ú √âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«°≈âÕß
√Ÿ ª ∑’Ë ˆ · ¥ß§«“¡ —¡-
æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«°≈âÕß°—∫
√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»
∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß ÒÛ ·≈– Òı
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ·≈–§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ
√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ·≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß
®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“ ∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ‡¥’¬«°—π ‡¡◊ËÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß
 Ÿß¢÷Èπ √âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«°≈âÕß®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
¥â«¬ ·µà∑—Èßπ’Ȭ—ß¡’ª√‘¡“≥∑’˵˔°«à“
¢â“«°≈âÕßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß ´÷Ëß√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«
°≈âÕß∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕÕ∫·Àâß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
 Ÿß¢÷Èππ—È𠇙◊ËÕ«à“πà“®–¡“®“°°“√‡°‘¥
‡®≈ (gelatinization) „π‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«
‡ª≈◊ Õ ° ‚¥¬¢â “ «‡ª≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë ºà “ π°“√
Õ∫·Àâ ß ·≈â « ¡’ Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ¢ Õ߇¡≈Á ¥  Ÿ ß
°«à“®–‡°‘¥‡®≈‰¥â¥’ ∑”„À≥âª√‘¡“≥
µâ π ¢â “ «°≈â Õ ß¡“°°«à “¯ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°
‡¡◊ËÕ·ªÑ߉¥â√—∫§«“¡√âÕπ  à«π∑’ˇªìπ
·Õ¡‘ ‚ ≈ ®–≈–≈“¬·≈–¥Ÿ ¥ ´— ∫ πÈ” ‰¥â
¡“° ∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√æÕßµ—«‰¥â¡“°¢÷Èπ
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈®–‡¢â“¡“„°≈♑¥°—π·≈–¬÷¥
‡¢â“¥â«¬°—π∑”„À₧√ß √â“ß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
·¢Á ß ·√ߢ÷È π  à ß º≈„Àâ √ Õ¬√â “ «À√◊ Õ
√Õ¬·µ°¿“¬„π‡¡≈Á ¥ ¢â “ « “¡“√∂
ª√– “π°—πÕ¬à“ß π‘∑˘ ·µà„π°√≥’
∑’Ë ª √‘ ¡ “≥µâ π ¢â “ «°≈â Õ ß¢Õߢ⠓ «
‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß¡’§à“µË”°«à“
ª√‘¡“≥µâπ¢â“«°≈âÕߢÕߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°
∑’ˉ¡à‰¥âºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß Õ“®®–‡π◊ËÕß
¡“®“°ª√‘ ¡ “≥§«“¡√â Õ π à « π„À≠à
∑’Ë„™â„π°“√√–‡À¬πÈ” ∂Ÿ°π”‰ª‡æ‘Ë¡
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·°à¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ° ∑”„À⇡≈Á¥
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°¡’Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ
Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘  Ÿ ß ¢÷È π ∂÷ ß Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ° “√‡°‘ ¥
‡®≈¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°≈âÕß·≈â« ·µà§«“¡
™◊Èπ¿“¬„π‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°‡À≈◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà
πâ Õ ¬®÷ ß  à ß º≈„Àâ √ –¬–‡«≈“°“√‡°‘ ¥
‡®≈ —Èπ ·≈–„π¢≥–∑’ËÕ—µ√“°“√Õ∫
·Àâß≈¥≈ß ®÷߇°‘¥§«“¡·µ°µà“ߢÕß
§«“¡™◊Èπ∑’Ë∫√‘‡«≥º‘«·≈–·°π°≈“ß
¢Õ߇¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ∑”„Àâ
‡°‘ ¥ §«“¡‡§â π ¢÷È π ¿“¬„π‡¡≈Á ¥ ¢â “ «
‡ª≈◊Õ° ´÷Ëß𔉪 Ÿà°“√‡°‘¥√Õ¬·µ°
√â“«·≈–À—° ‡¡◊ËÕ𔉪 ’®÷߉¥â√âÕ¬≈–
µâπ¢â“«°≈âÕß≈¥≈ß  ”À√—∫°“√‡°Á∫
„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“°“√‡°Á∫
„π∑’Ë Õ— ∫ Õ“°“»‡ªì 𠇫≈“π“π¢÷È π
‰¡à  à ß º≈µà Õ °“√‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π ¢Õß√â Õ ¬≈–
µâπ¢â“«°≈âÕß ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫
Õ“°“»‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Û π“∑’ ®÷ßπà“®–
‡æ’¬ßæÕ
‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß
‡¥’¬«°—π ¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡
µâπ Ÿß°«à“„Àâ§à“√âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“«°≈âÕß
 Ÿß°«à“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°§«“¡
™◊È π  Ÿ ß ¡’ ‡ «≈“°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß π“π°«à “
¥— ß π—È π ®÷ ß ¡’ º ≈¢ÕßÕÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ · ≈–
§«“¡™◊Èπ∑’Ë¡’µàÕ°“√‡°‘¥‡®≈‰¥â¥’°«à“
Û.Û §«“¡¢“«¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ · ¥ß§«“¡ —¡-
æ— π ∏å √ –À«à “ ß§à “ §«“¡¢“«°— ∫ √–¬–
‡«≈“„π°“√‡°Á ∫ „π∑’Ë Õ— ∫ Õ“°“»¢Õß
¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°À≈—ß°“√Õ∫·Àâß ®“°°“√
∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à “ Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ §«“¡™◊È π
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ ·≈–√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ¡’º≈µàÕ§«“¡¢“«¢Õß
¢â“«°≈âÕß ‚¥¬∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ Ÿß
¢÷Èπ ·≈–°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»‡ªìπ
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π√à«¡°—∫°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»
116
‡«≈“π“π¢÷È π ®–∑”„À⠢⠓ «°≈â Õ ß¡’
 ’‡À≈◊Õߢ÷Èπ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢â“«
°≈âÕßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß ¢â“«∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß
¡’ ’‡À≈◊Õß°«à“ ∑—Èßπ’È ‡™◊ËÕ«à“‡π◊ËÕß¡“
®“°°√–∫«π°“√‡°‘ ¥  ’ πÈ” µ“≈·∫∫
‡¡≈≈“√å¥ ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡√âÕπ‡ªìπµ—«‡√àß
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ‡¡◊ËÕπÈ”µ“≈∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π¢â“«
°≈âÕ߉¥â√—∫§«“¡√âÕπ æ—π∏–√–À«à“ß
‚¡‡≈°ÿ ≈ ¿“¬„ππÈ” µ“≈®–À≈ÿ ¥ ÕÕ°
®“°°—π°≈“¬‡ªìππÈ”µ“≈‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈µË”
·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ„À⧫“¡√âÕπµàÕ‰ª æ—π∏–
¿“¬„ππÈ”µ“≈‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈µË”®–À≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°
®“°°—π ‡°‘¥‡ªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫§’ ‚ ∑π
´÷Ëß “√¥—ß°≈à“«‡ªìπ “√∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥
 ’‡À≈◊Õß„π‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«°≈âÕß ¥â«¬‡Àµÿ
π’È®÷ß∑”„Àâ¢â“«¡’§à“§«“¡¢“«≈¥µË”≈ß
Û.Ù ®¡Ÿ°¢â“«°≈âÕß
®¡Ÿ ° ¢â “ «°≈â Õ ß (brown
rice germ) ‡ªìπ à«π‡≈Á° Ê Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë¡ÿ¡
≈à“ߢÕ߇¡≈Á¥¢â“« ®“°°“√π”¢â“«
‡ª≈◊Õ°æ—π∏ÿ墓«¥Õ°¡–≈‘ Òı ∑’Ë
ºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß ‰ª°–‡∑“–‡ª≈◊Õ°
ÕÕ°¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ß°–‡∑“–‡ª≈◊ Õ °¢Õß
Satake æ∫«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß §«“¡
™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ ·≈–√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√‡°Á∫
„π∑’Ë Õ— ∫ Õ“°“» ‰¡à ¡’ º ≈µà Õ √â Õ ¬≈–
¢Õß®¡Ÿ°¢â“«°≈âÕß ∑—Èßπ’È ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â
®“°ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß®¡Ÿ°¢â“«°≈âÕ߬—ߧß
‡À≈◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà§√∫∂â«π√âÕ¬≈– Ò ∑ÿ°
°√≥’ ´÷Ëß¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫¢â“«°≈âÕßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß
Û.ı √âÕ¬≈–¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à¢Õß
¢â“«°≈âÕß
¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à (white belly)
‡ªì π ≈— ° …≥–¢Õߢ⠓ «∑’Ë ¡’ ®ÿ ¥ ¢ÿà π ¢“«
∑÷∫· ß ´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«π∑’Ë°≈ÿà¡·ªÑß·≈–
°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ ÿ¢¿“æ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

27
Whiteness of brown rice (%)
24

21

18 T = 130C, Mi = 28.2%d.b.
T = 150C, Mi = 28.2%d.b.
15 T = 130C, Mi = 33.3%d.b.
T = 150C, Mi = 33.3%d.b.
12
0 30 60 90 120 150
Tempering time (min)

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧ«“¡¢“«¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß°—∫‡«≈“°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»∑’ˇß◊ËÕπ‰¢µà“ß Ê (√âÕ¬≈–§«“¡¢“«¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß

∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ √âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ·≈– ÛÛ.Û ‡∑à“°—∫ Úı ·≈– ÚÛ.¯ µ“¡≈”¥—∫)

13
12
11
White belly of brown rice (%)

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3 T = 130C, Mi = 28.2%d.b.
T = 150C, Mi = 28.2%d.b.
2 T = 130C, Mi = 33.3%d.b.
1 T = 150C, Mi = 33.3%d.b.
0
0 30 60 90 120 150
Tempering time (min)

√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߪ√‘¡“≥¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß°—∫‡«≈“°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»∑’ˇß◊ËÕπ‰¢µà“ß Ê (√âÕ¬≈–¢Õߢ⓫∑âÕ߉¢àÕâ“ßÕ‘ß

∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ √âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ·≈– ÛÛ.Û ‡∑à“°—∫ ˘.˜)

¥≈ƒ¥’ „® ÿ∑∏‘Ï ·≈–§≥–

117
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

90
Free fatty acid (mg KOH/100g) T = 130C, Mi = 28.2%d.b.
80 T = 150C, Mi = 28.2%d.b.
T = 130C, Mi = 33.3%d.b.
70 T = 150C, Mi = 33.3%d.b.
60

50

40

30
0 30 60 90 120 150
Tempering time (min)

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘ °“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ߪ√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–°—∫‡«≈“ °“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ÕË ∫— Õ“°“»∑’‡Ë ß◊ÕË π‰¢µà“ß Ê (ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß

Õâ“ßÕ‘ß∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ·≈– ÛÛ.Û ‡∑à“°—∫ ˜˘.˘ ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡ KOH/100 °√—¡ ·≈– ¯Û.Ú ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡
KOH/100 °√—¡ µ“¡≈”¥—∫)

‚ª√µ’π¡’°“√‡°“–µ—«°—πÕ¬à“ßÀ≈«¡ Ê ‡æ’¬ß∫“ß à«π ‡æ√“–°“√‡°‘¥‡®≈∑’Ë Õ‘   √–∑—È ß À¡¥„π¢â “ «°≈â Õ ß®–≈¥≈ß

®÷ß¡’ «à π∑’‡Ë ªìπ™àÕß«à“ßÕ¬Ÿ¡à “° ¿“¬„π
™àÕß«à“ßπ’È®–¡’Õ“°“»·∑√°Õ¬Ÿà ´÷Ëß®–
¬—ߧßÕ¬Ÿà‡¡◊Ëբ⓫‡°‘¥‡®≈‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
∑—Ë«∑—È߇¡≈Á¥ ®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ · ¥ß§«“¡
 — ¡ æ— π ∏å √ –À«à “ ß√â Õ ¬≈–¢â “ «∑â Õ ß‰¢à
¢Õߢ⠓ «°≈â Õ ß°— ∫ √–¬–‡«≈“∑’Ë „ ™â „ π
°“√‡°Á ∫ „π∑’Ë Õ— ∫ Õ“°“» ®–‡ÀÁ π «à “
¢â“«°≈âÕß∑’ºË “à π°“√Õ∫·Àâß¡’ª√‘¡“≥
¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢àµË”°«à“¢â“«°≈âÕßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß
‚¥¬¢â“«∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
‡¥’¬«°—π ª√‘¡“≥¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à®–≈¥µË”
≈߇¡◊Ë Õ §«“¡™◊È π ‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π ∑’Ë „ ™â „ π°“√
Õ∫·Àâß¡’§à“ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ∑—Èßπ’È ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡¡◊ËÕ
§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ Ÿß¢÷Èπ®–„™â√–¬–‡«≈“
„π°“√Õ∫·Àâßπ“π¢÷Èπ  àߺ≈„À⇰‘¥
‡®≈‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ·µà¬—ß§ß‡ªìπ°“√‡°‘¥‡®≈
 ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å ® –æ∫ª√‘ ¡ “≥¢â “ «∑â Õ ß‰¢à
πâÕ¬¡“° À√◊Õ‰¡àæ∫‡≈¬ „π¢≥–∑’Ë
‡«≈“„π°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»¡’º≈
µàÕª√‘¡“≥°“√≈¥≈ߢÕߢ⓫∑âÕ߉¢à
πâÕ¬¡“°
Û.ˆ ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–
ª√‘ ¡ “≥°√¥‰¢¡— π Õ‘   √–
‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ∑’Ë ”§—≠Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷ËߢÕß°“√
‡°‘ ¥ °≈‘Ë π ‡À¡Á π À◊ π ¢Õߢ⠓ «°≈â Õ ßÒ
®“°°“√∑¥≈ÕßÕ∫·Àâߢ⓫æ—π∏ÿ墓«
¥Õ°¡–≈‘ Òı ¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥-
‡´™— π ∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡™◊È π ‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π √â Õ ¬≈–
Ú¯.Ú ·≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‚¥¬
„™âÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ∫·Àâß ÒÛ ·≈– Òı
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  æ∫«à“‡¡◊ËÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
Õ∫·Àâ ß  Ÿ ß ¢÷È π ª√‘ ¡ “≥°√¥‰¢¡— π
·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß´÷Ë߉¡à‰¥â
ºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«“à ª√‘¡“≥
°√¥‰¢¡— π Õ‘   √–„π¢â “ «°≈â Õ ß∑’Ë ºà “ π
°“√Õ∫·Àâß¡’§à“µË”°«à“ ¥—ß· ¥ß„π
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘ ∑—Èßπ’È Õ“®‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√
‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æ¢Õß°√¥‰¢¡—π‰¡àÕ‘Ë¡µ—«
„π√–À«à “ ß°√–∫«π°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß
πÕ°®“°π’È ¢âÕ¥’¢Õß°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬
Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘  Ÿ ß ¬— ß  “¡“√∂À¬ÿ ¥ ¬—È ß °“√
∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‰≈‡æ  ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’ˇª≈’Ë¬π‰¢¡—π„π√”¢â“«„Àâ
°≈“¬‡ªì π °√¥‰¢¡— π Õ‘   √–Û ‰¥â Õ’ °
¥â«¬ „π¢≥–∑’ˇ¡◊ËÕ‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»
π“π¢÷È π ª√‘ ¡ “≥°√¥‰¢¡— π Õ‘   √–
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßπâÕ¬¡“° ∑—Èßπ’Èπà“®–¡“
®“°°“√∑’Ë ‡ Õπ‰´¡å ‰ ≈‡æ ∂Ÿ ° ¬— ∫ ¬—È ß

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ ÿ¢¿“æ
‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π√à«¡°—∫°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»
118

°“√∑”ß“π‡°◊Õ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥®“°°“√Õ∫
·Àâߥ⫬Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ ·≈– Òı
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡Àπ◊¥ ÿ¥∑⓬∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ§◊Õ
Û.˜  ¡∫— µ‘ ∑ “ߥ⠓ 𧫓¡
˹״
®“°°“√»÷°…“§«“¡Àπ◊¥
¢ÕßπÈ”·ªÑß®“°¢â“«°≈âÕß‚¥¬‡§√◊ËÕß
RVA ¢Õߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫
·Àâߥ⫬‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π æ∫«à“
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’ˇ¡Á¥·ªÑ߇√‘Ë¡æÕßµ—« (past-
ing temperature) §«“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß ÿ¥
(peak viscosity) ·≈–§«“¡Àπ◊ ¥
 ÿ¥∑⓬ (final viscosity) ·µ°µà“ß°—π
¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò °“√Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°
¥â « ¬‡∑§π‘ § ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥‡´™— π √à « ¡°— ∫
°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ·≈–°“√‡ªÉ“
¥â « ¬Õ“°“»·«¥≈â Õ ¡ ¡’ º ≈∑”„Àâ
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’ˇ¡Á¥·ªÑ߇√‘Ë¡æÕßµ—« Ÿß¢÷Èπ
‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢â“«°≈âÕßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß (¢â“«
∑’ˉ¡àºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß) ∑ÿ°‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢
°“√∑¥≈Õß ∑—Èßπ’È ‡™◊ËÕ«à“°“√‡°‘¥‡®≈
∫“ß à«π¡’ «à π¢—¥¢«“ß°“√¥Ÿ¥´—∫¢Õß
πÈ”‡¢â“ Ÿà‡¡Á¥·ªÑß ¥—ßπ—Èπ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë
‡¡Á¥·ªÑßµâÕß„™â„π°“√æÕßµ—«Õ’°§√—Èß
®÷ß Ÿß¢÷Èπ ·µà‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“√–¬–‡«≈“
∑’Ë„™â„π°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» æ∫«à“
‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠
„π‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°°√≥’
§«“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß ÿ¥‡ªìπ§à“∑’Ë· ¥ß
∂÷ߧ«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√æÕßµ—«¢Õß
·ªÑ߇¡◊ËÕ ÿ° ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ®–‡ÀÁπ
‰¥â«à“‡¡◊ËÕ√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’Ë
Õ—∫Õ“°“»π“π¢÷Èπ §à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß
 ÿ¥¡’·π«‚π⡉¡à‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß¡“°π—°
„π‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°°√≥’ π—Ëπ· ¥ß«à“§«“¡
¥≈ƒ¥’ „® ÿ∑∏‘Ï ·≈–§≥–
 “¡“√∂„π°“√¥Ÿ¥´—∫πÈ”¢Õ߇¡Á¥·ªÑß
¢â“«°≈âÕ߉¡à‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß¡“°π—°
§«“¡Àπ◊¥‡¡◊ËÕπÈ”·ªÑß∂Ÿ°∑”„À⇬Áπ
À≈—ß°“√‡°‘¥‡®≈  à«π¢Õß·Õ¡‘‚≈  ∑’ˉ¥â®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√ª√—∫
®–‡°‘¥‚§√ß √â“ߢ÷Èπ„À¡à„π≈—°…≥–
‚§√ß√à “ ß “¡¡‘ µ‘ ∑”„Àâ § «“¡Àπ◊ ¥
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷È𠇮≈·¢Áߢ÷È𠧫“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õß
πÈ” ·ªÑ ß ∑’Ë ‡ æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π Õ’ ° §√—È ß ‡√’ ¬ °«à “
°“√§◊πµ—«¢ÕßπÈ”·ªÑß ÿ° (retrograda-
tion)˘ ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“
∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ‡¥’¬«
°—π ¢â“«°≈âÕß∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬
‡∑§π‘ § ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥‡´™— π ·≈–‡°Á ∫ „π∑’Ë
Õ—∫Õ“°“» ®–¡’§à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥ ÿ¥∑⓬
 Ÿß°«à“¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß„π∑ÿ°°√≥’ · ¥ß
„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ ¢â“«∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬
‡∑§π‘ § ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥‡´™— π ¡’ º ≈µà Õ °“√
§◊πµ—«¢ÕßπÈ”·ªÑß ÿ°¥’°«à“¢â“«∑’ˉ¡à
‰¥âºà“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß Õ“®‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°
æ—π∏–‰Œ‚¥√‡®π√–À«à“ß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢Õß
·ªÑ ß „π¢â “ «∑’Ë ºà “ π°“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ¥â « ¬
‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π ¡’°“√®—∫µ—«°—π
√–À«à“߇¡Á¥·ªÑߢÕߢ⓫„π√–À«à“ß
°“√§◊ π µ— « ¢ÕßπÈ” ·ªÑ ß  ÿ ° ¥’ ° «à “ ¢â “ «
∑’ˉ¡àºà“π°“√Õ∫·ÀâßÒÒ
§à “ setback ‡ªì π º≈µà “ ߢÕß
§«“¡Àπ◊¥ ÿ¥∑⓬°—∫§«“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß
 ÿ¥ ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“∑’Ë
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡·‘ ≈–§«“¡™◊πÈ ‡√‘¡Ë µâπ‡¥’¬«°—π
‡¡◊ËÕ‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»π“π¢÷Èπ §à“
setback ∑’ˉ¥â®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ·µà¬—ß§ß¡’
§à“ Ÿß°«à“¢â“«Õâ“ßÕ‘ß ∑—Èßπ’ȇ™◊ËÕ«à“πà“
®–¡“®“°°“√‡°‘ ¥ ‡®≈¢Õß·ªÑ ß ´÷Ë ß
Õ“®®– à ß º≈„Àâ §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¢â “ «∑’Ë ‰ ¥â
119
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
·¢Áß°√–¥â“ß¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ß“π
«‘®—¬∑’˺à“π¡“ÒÚ °≈à“««à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°Á∫
√— ° …“¢â “ «°≈â Õ ßæ— π ∏ÿå ¢ “«¥Õ°¡–≈‘
Òı ‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π¢÷Èπ §à“ setback
 ¿“æ°“√≈–≈“¬·≈–°“√‡°‘ ¥ ‡®≈
¢Õß·ªÑ ß ·≈–‚ª√µ’ π „π‡¡≈Á ¥ ∑’Ë ºà “ π
°“√‡°Á ∫ √— ° …“„Àâ ° ≈“¬‡ªì π  “√∑’Ë
§ßµ—«¢÷Èπ ·≈–≈–≈“¬πÈ”‰¥âπâÕ¬≈ß
¡’ º ≈„Àâ ‡ ¡≈Á ¥ ¢â “ «·¢Á ß ¢÷È π ‡¡◊Ë Õ π”
¢â“« “√∑’ˇ°Á∫√—°…“‰«â√–¬–Àπ÷Ëß¡“
Àÿßµâ¡
Û.¯ Õ—µ√“°“√¬àÕ¬¢Õß·ªÑß
¢â“«°≈âÕß
®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß„π
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“Õ—µ√“°“√
¬àÕ¬¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâß
¥â « ¬‡∑§π‘ § ø≈Ÿ Õ‘ ‰ ¥‡´™— π ¡’ §à “ µË”
°«à“¢â“«°≈âÕßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß´÷ßË ‰¡à‰¥âº“à π°“√
Õ∫·Àâß ‚¥¬°“√Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’Ë
§«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¥â«¬
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ ∫·Àâß Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ 
·≈–‡°Á ∫ „π∑’Ë Õ— ∫ Õ“°“»‡ªì 𠇫≈“
ÒÚ π“∑’ ®–„Àâ§à“ k µË”∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡∑à“
°—∫ .Ò¯ „π¢≥–∑’Ë§à“ k ¢Õߢ⓫
°≈âÕßÕâ“ßՑ߇∑à“°—∫ .Ò˘˘ · ¥ß«à“
°√–∫«π°“√¬àÕ¬¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡åÕ“®®–
∂Ÿ°¢—¥¢«“ß°“√∑”ß“π ∑”„Àâ¬àÕ¬‰¥â
™â“≈ß ∑—Èßπ’È πà“®–¡“®“°°“√∑’ˢ⓫
°≈âÕß∑’˺à“π°“√Õ∫·Àâߥ⫬‡∑§π‘§
ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π ∑’Ë„™âÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»
√âÕπ Ÿß‡°‘¥ “√‡™‘ß´âÕπ¢Õß·Õ¡‘‚≈ 
·≈–≈‘æ‘¥ ∑”„À≪¢—¥¢«“ß°√–∫«π
°“√¬àÕ¬¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡åÒÚ πÕ°®“°π’È
¬—ßæ∫«à“°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»‡ªìπ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò  ¡∫—µ‘¥â“𧫓¡Àπ◊¥¢ÕßπÈ”·ªÑß®“°¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘∑’ˇß◊ËÕπ‰¢µà“ß Ê

Drying Processes PV FV SB PT
(RVU) (RVU) (RVU) (oC )
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 303.11 ± 7.5de 334.64 ± 20.7bcdef 31.53 ± 14.4b 81.58 ± 1.3c
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» Û π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 279.14 ± 22.7cde 331.74 ± 22.9bcdef 52.60 ± 0.6cd 81.85 ± 0.4cd
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ˆ π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 242.68 ± 6.7bc 308.85 ± 9.3abcde 66.17 ± 2.7cdef 83.26 ± 0.5ef
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ÒÚ π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 318.96 ± 51.7de 370.09 ± 54.2f 51.12 ± 2.5c 82.46 ± 0.2cdef
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß
‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» Û π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 302.11 ± 5bc 374.60 ± 7.1abcdef 72.49 ± 2.2def 82.95 ± 0.7def
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ˆ π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 298.61 ± 69.5de 385.31 ± 71.5ef 86.70 ± 2.1cdef 83.46 ± 0.3b
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß
‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ÒÚ π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 265.00 ± 4.7bcde 330.59 ± 5.3bcdef 65.59 ± 0.6cde 82.80 ± 1def
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» Û π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 259.62 ± 36.1bcd 340.26 ± 27.3cdef 80.63 ± 9.2efg 83.13 ± 0.2ef
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ˆ π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 284.16 ± 9.2a 380.56 ± 12abc 96.40 ± 13.1g 83.46 ± 0.8f
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ÒÚ π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 299.04 ± 26.5de 357.79 ± 34def 58.75 ± 7.7cd 82.11 ± 0.2cde
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» Û π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 288.15 ± 24.6ab 350.19 ± 20.2abcd 69.04 ± 8.1fg 82.51 ± 0.5cdef
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ˆ π“∑’

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ ÿ¢¿“æ
‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π√à«¡°—∫°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»
120

Drying Processes
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ÒÚ π“∑’
¢â“«°≈âÕßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ
√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.Ú ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß
¢â“«°≈âÕßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ
√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß
Õ—°¢√–‡À¡◊Õπ°—π¿“¬„π§Õ≈—¡π凥’¬«°—πÀ¡“¬∂÷߉¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p>0.05)
‡«≈“π“π¢÷Èπ ®– àߺ≈„ÀâÕ—µ√“°“√
¬àÕ¬¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°≈âÕß≈¥≈ß ‡π◊ËÕß
®“° “√‡™‘ ß ´â Õ π¢Õß·Õ¡‘ ‚ ≈ ·≈–
≈‘æ‘¥∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß —߇°µ‰¥â®“°§à“
¢Õß hydrolysis index (HI) ∑’Ë≈¥≈ß
·¡â«à“§à“ glycemic index (GI)
∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ® “°°“√∑¥≈Õß®–Õ¬Ÿà „ π√–¥— ∫
°“√¬àÕ¬ª“π°≈“ß §◊ÕÕ¬Ÿ√à –À«à“ß ıı
∂÷ß ˜ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫§à“¡“µ√∞“πÒÛ
·µà πà “ ®–‡ªì π ª√–‚¬™πå · °à  ÿ ¢ ¿“æ
 ”À√—∫ºŸªâ «É ¬‚√§‡∫“À«“π‰¥â¡“°°«à“
‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫¢â“«∑’ˉ¡à‰¥âºà“π°“√Õ∫
·Àâߥ⫬Փ°“»√âÕπ ¥—ß‡™àπ∑’Ë°“√
∑¥≈ÕßÕ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¥â«¬Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
Õ∫·Àâß Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ·≈–
‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ÒÚ
π“∑’ ®–„Àâ§à“ GI ‡∑à“°—∫ ı˘.˘
Ù.  √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß
®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈ÕßÕ∫·Àâߢ⓫
‡ª≈◊Õ°ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ (æ—π∏ÿ墓«¥Õ°¡–≈‘
Òı) ¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π√à«¡
¥≈ƒ¥’ „® ÿ∑∏‘Ï ·≈–§≥–
PV FV
(RVU) (RVU)
289.92 ± 30.5bcd 360.80 ± 34.6bcdef 70.88 ± 4.2cdef
279.26 ± 1.7cde 257.23 ± 1.2a
281.73 ± 2.4cde 261.62 ± 1.5a
°—∫°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ·≈–‡ªÉ“
¥â«¬Õ“°“»·«¥≈âÕ¡ æ∫«à“ ªí®®—¬∑’¡Ë ’
º≈µàÕ°“√≈¥§«“¡™◊πÈ ¢Õߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°
¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ §◊Õ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡¢‘ ÕßÕ“°“»√âÕπ
∂â “ Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ¢ ÕßÕ“°“»√â Õ π∑’Ë „ ™â Õ ∫
·Àâ߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ √–¬–‡«≈“∑’Ë„™â„π°“√Õ∫
·Àâß®– —Èπ≈ß ∑—Èßπ’È °“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫
Õ“°“» (tempering) ‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π¢÷πÈ
‰¡à  à ß º≈„Àâ §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¢Õߢ⠓ «°≈â Õ ß
∑“ߥâ“π √âÕ¬≈–µâπ¢â“« (head rice
yield) ª√‘¡“≥®¡Ÿ°¢â“« (rice germ)
ª√‘¡“≥¢â“«∑âÕ߉¢à (white belly) ·≈–
ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √– (free fatty
acid) ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß¡“°π— ° ·µà
°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π
¢÷Èπ ∑”„À⧫“¡¢“«¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß
(whiteness) ≈¥≈ß ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√‡°Á∫
„π∑’ÕË ∫— Õ“°“»‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ Û π“∑’
®÷ ß ‡æ’ ¬ ßæÕ ®“°º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫
§ÿ≥¿“æ∑“ߥâ“πª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π
Õ‘   √– æ∫«à “ °“√„™â Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘  Ÿ ß
 “¡“√∂≈¥ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–
‚¥¬∑’˪√‘¡“≥®¡Ÿ°¢â“«À≈—ß®“°ºà“π
121
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
SB PT
(RVU) (oC )
84.63 ± 0.1g
(-22.03) ± 0.5a 78.10 ± 0.3a
(-27.10) ± 1.6a 77.61 ± 0.1a
°√–∫«π°“√ ’ ¬—ß¡’Õ¬Ÿà§√∫√âÕ¬≈–
Ò ·≈–®“°º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡
Àπ◊¥¢ÕßπÈ”·ªÑß æ∫«à“ §à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥
 Ÿß ÿ¥ (peak viscosity) ‰¡à‡ª≈’ˬπ
·ª≈ß¡“°π—° „π¢≥–∑’褈Ҥ«“¡Àπ◊¥
 ÿ¥∑⓬ (final viscosity) ·≈–§à“ set-
back ®–‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡°Á ∫ „π∑’Ë Õ— ∫
Õ“°“»‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“π“π¢÷Èπ  à«π
°“√«— ¥ Õ— µ √“°“√¬à Õ ¬¢Õß·ªÑ ß ¢â “ «
°≈âÕß æ∫«à“ ®–≈¥≈߇¡◊ËÕ§«“¡™◊Èπ
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë„™â„π°“√Õ∫·Àâß
·≈–√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√‡°Á ∫ „π∑’Ë Õ— ∫
Õ“°“»‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
°“√Õ∫·Àâߢ⓫‡ª≈◊Õ°∑’˧«“¡
™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§
ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ ·≈–
Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ·≈–‡°Á∫„π∑’Ë
Õ—∫Õ“°“»‡ªìπ‡«≈“ ÒÚ π“∑’ πà“®–
‡À¡“– ¡„π°“√º≈‘µ‡ªìπ¢â“«°≈âÕß
ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘§ÿ≥¿“æ Ÿß‚¥¬‡©æ“–¢â“«
 ÿ¢¿“æ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’Õ—µ√“°“√¬àÕ¬
·≈–ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–µË” √«¡
∑—Èߧÿ≥¿“æÕ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±å∑’ˬա√—∫‰¥â
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú · ¥ß§à“Õ—µ√“°“√¬àÕ¬¢Õß·ªÑß∑’ˇß◊ËÕπ‰¢µà“ß Ê

Drying Processes C∞ (%) k (min-1) HI GI

¢â“«°≈âÕßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß §«“¡™◊Èπ‡√‘Ë¡µâπ 31.8 ± 0.015 0.199 ± 0.0013 47.2 ± 0.002 70.3 ± 0.0009f
ÛÛ.Û%d.b.
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 29.3 ± 0.015 0.139 ± 0.0006 43.5 ± 0.021 63.6 ± 0.0115e
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» Û π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 28.1 ± 0.015 0.131 ± 0.0020 41.7 ± 0.019 62.9 ± 0.0103d
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ˆ π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ÒÛ Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 27.9 ± 0.021 0.130 ± 0.0023 41.2 ± 0.002 62.6 ± 0.0010d
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ÒÚ π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 26.3 ± 0.026 0.120 ± 0.0004 38.8 ± 0.046 61.0 ± 0.0253c
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» Û π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 25.3 ± 0.031 0.118 ± 0.0079 38.2 ± 0.003 60.7 ± 0.0017b
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ˆ π“∑’
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Òı Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  §«“¡™◊Èπ 24.8 ± 0.015 0.108 ± 0.0019 36.8 ± 0.050 59.9 ± 0.0277a
‡√‘Ë¡µâπ√âÕ¬≈– ÛÛ.Û ¡Ÿ≈∞“π·Àâß ‡°Á∫„π
∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ÒÚ π“∑’
Õ—°¢√–‡À¡◊Õπ°—π¿“¬„π§Õ≈—¡π凥’¬«°—πÀ¡“¬∂÷߉¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p>0.05)

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ ÿ¢¿“æ
‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π√à«¡°—∫°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»
122

ı. °‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»
ºŸâ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ ≥  ”π— ° ß“π
°Õß∑ÿ π  π— ∫  πÿ π °“√«‘ ®— ¬ ·≈–
 ”π— ° ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√°“√Õÿ ¥ ¡
»÷°…“∑’Ë„Àâ∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπß“π«‘®—¬ ¢Õ
¢Õ∫§ÿ ≥  ∂“∫— π §â π §«â “ ·≈–æ— ≤ π“
º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å Õ “À“√ ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬
‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ∑’Ë„À⧫“¡Õπÿ‡§√“–Àå
„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫— µ‘ ∑ “߇§¡’ · ≈–
‡§¡’°“¬¿“æ.
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Ò. Rice Quality Categories [Online], Avail-
able: http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/
docs.htmldocid=7060 [2005, Septem-
ber 29].
Ú. Health Benefits & Concerns for Rice
[Online], Available: http://www.
healthnotes.com [2005, September
29].
Û. Champagne E. Brown rice stabilization,
Rice Science and Technology. New York:
Pub. Marcel Dekker Inc. 1994.
¥≈ƒ¥’ „® ÿ∑∏‘Ï ·≈–§≥–
Ù. Soponronnarit S, Wetchacama S,
Swasdisevi T and Poomsa-ad N.
Managing moist paddy by drying,
tempering and ambient air ventilation.
Drying Technology, 1999; 17(1&2);
335-344.
ı. Juliano BO. Rice: Chemical and
Technology. 2nd ed. Pub. American
Association of Cereal Chemists Inc.,
Minnesota, 1985.
ˆ. AACC. Approved methods of analysis.
Pub. American Association of Cereal
Chemists Inc., St Paul, MN, 1980.
˜. Goni I, Garcia-Alonso A and Saura-
Calixto F. A starch hydrolysis pro-
cedure to estimate glycemic index.
Nutrition Research 1997; 17: 427-
437.
¯. ≥—∞æ≈ ¿Ÿ¡‘ –Õ“¥. °“√®—¥°“√¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°
™◊Èπ‚¥¬°“√Õ∫·Àâß·∫∫‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥-
‡´™—π °“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“» ·≈–°“√
‡ªÉ “ ¥â « ¬Õ“°“»·«¥≈â Õ ¡. «‘ ∑ ¬“π‘ æ π∏å
«‘ » «°√√¡»“ µ√¡À“∫— ≥ ±‘ µ  “¢“
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ Õÿ ≥ À¿“æ §≥–æ≈— ß ß“π
·≈–«—   ¥ÿ , ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â “ ∏π∫ÿ √’ ; ÚıÙ. Àπâ “
Ûˆ-ÙÚ.
123
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
˘. ®“√π— ¬ æ“≥‘ ™ ¬°ÿ ≈ . ·ªÑ ß (starch) -
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß√–À«à“ß°“√∑”„Àâ·ªÑß
 ÿ°. «“√ “√®“√åæ“ ÚıÛ˜; ÒÒ: ÚÚ-
ÚÙ.
Ò. Rice [Online], Available : http://wolton-
feed.com/self/rice.html [2005, Septem-
ber 29].
ÒÒ. Hoover R, Sailaja Y and Sosulski FW.
Characterization of starches from wild
and long grain brown rice. Food Re-
search International 1996; 29(27):
99-107.
ÒÚ. Holm J, Bjorck I, Ostrowska S, Eliasson
AC, ASP NG, Larsson K, and Lundquist
I. Digestibility of amy lose-lipid
complexes in-vitor and in-vivo. Starch/
Staerke 1983; 35: 294-297.
ÒÛ. Miller JB, Pang E and Bramall L. Rice:
a high or low glycemic index food.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1992; 56: 1034-1036.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

Abstract Producing Healthy Jasmine Brown Rice Using Combined Techniques of Fluidization and
Tempering

Donludee Jaisut
School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126
Prachautid, Tungkru, Bangkok 10140

Somkiat Prachayawarakorn
Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachautid, Tungkur,
Bangkok 10140

Warunee Varanyanond
Patcharee Tungtrakul
Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, 50 Phahonyotin, Lad Yao,
Jatujak, Bangkok 10903

Somchart Soponronnarit
Fellow of the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Thailand; School of Energy, Environment and
Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachautid, Tungkru, Bangkok 10140

Although, Jasmine brown rice (Khao Dawk Mali 105) is a favor consuming healthy product
in Thailand but it has a short shelf life due to rancidity. Also, having Jasmine brown rice could
result to rapid increase of blood sugar and insulin levels after ingestion due to fast absorption of
carbohydrate and risk of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to reduce brown
rice rancid and starch hydrolysis rate of brown rice whereas the other qualities of brown rice which
are head rice yield, whiteness, rice germ, white belly and pasting properties of brown rice flour,
still accepted. Fluidized bed drying was used to reduce moisture content of paddy cv. Khao Dawk
Mali 105 from 28.2% dry basis and 33.3% dry basis to 21.9% dry basis. After that, grain was
tempered and ventilated with ambient air to reduce moisture content to 16.5% dry basis. The
operating conditions used in the experiments were the drying temperatures of 130 and 150 ˚C
and the tempering times of 30, 60 and 120 min. The results showed that the average drying rate
and head brown rice yield were increased with increasing of fluidized bed drying temperature
and initial moisture content whereas the whiteness and the fat acidity of brown rice were
decreased. However, the white belly was slightly different. Regarding to the head rice yield
and the rate of moisture reduction during ventilation, paddy which contained initial moisture
of 28.2% dry basis, after fluidized bed drying should be tempered for 30 min and tempered
for 60 min in the case of initial moisture content of 33.3% dry basis. Further, peak viscosity of
brown rice paste was slightly changed but final viscosity and setback were increased as tempering
time increased. Starch hydrolysis of brown rice was reduced as initial moisture content, drying
temperature and tempering time increased.

Key words: brown rice, drying, fat acidity, fluidized bed, paddy, rancidity, starch hydrolysis

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√º≈‘µ¢â“«°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘ ÿ¢¿“æ
‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ø≈ŸÕ‘‰¥‡´™—π√à«¡°—∫°“√‡°Á∫„π∑’ËÕ—∫Õ“°“»
124
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

Thailandûs Energy Chavalit Pichalai*

Director, Energy System

Conservation Program and Analysis Bureau

Energy Policy & Planning Office
Ministry of Energy, Thailand
the Role of New & Renewable
Energy in Energy Conservation
Abstract
At present, the private sector has realized the benefits from energy efficiency improve-
ment and the use of new and renewable energy. To facilitate energy efficiency improvement,
the Thai government has promoted the ESCO Company services especially in large factories
and buildings. Moreover, several financial measures have been devised to boost investment
in energy efficiency improvement. For new and renewable energy project development, the
private sector has taken part in the implementation of a number of projects, such as the implemen-
tation of biogas technology for power generation in livestock farms and for wastewater treatment
in agro-industry factories. With the government policy determined to reduce energy demand
and dependency on energy imports through various strategies and measures, it is hoped that
the national energy security will be strengthened, and hence sustainable development of the
country and the well-being of the people.

Key words: energy conservation, new and renewable energy, sustainable development

1. Background and Rationale strategies and measures so as to Due to continuous high

Recognizing that energy is an
important factor to the economic
and social development of the
country and given the high vola-
tility of world oil prices together
with the unpredictable political
tension in major oil exporting
countries, especially Iran and
Nigeria, the Thai government
has attached importance to the
national energy supply security.
In order to strengthen energy
security of the country, the Minis-
try of Energy has initiated many
reduce dependency on oil imports
while enhancing utilization of
domestic energy resources. Some
major measures are promotion of
energy efficiency, new & renew-
able energy development and fuel
diversification.
The Energy Conservation
Promotion Fund (ENCON
Fund) - the government tool to
promote energy conservation,
energy efficiency and renewable
energy development
growth rates of domestic energy
demand, the Energy Conservation
Promotion Act, B.E. 2535 (1992),
has been put into force to be the
government tool in determining
regulatory measures and promo-
ting efficient use of energy. Under
the Act, the Energy Conservation
Promotion Fund (ENCON Fund)
was established as a working capi-
tal to provide financial grants or
support to energy conservation-
related activities. The ENCON
Fund revenues are derived mainly

* Director, Energy System Analysis Bureau, Energy Policy & Planning Office, Ministry of Energy, Thailand.

Chavalit Pichalai
125
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
from the contributions collected
from domestically sold petroleum
products, i.e. gasoline, diesel, kero-
sene and fuel oil. Since October
1998, the contribution has been
at a rate of 0.04 Baht/litre.
2. Thailand’s Energy Conser-
vation Program
Thailand’s Energy Conserva-
tion Program (ENCON Program)
has been developed to ensure that
the management and allocation
of the ENCON Fund is in line with
the objectives stipulated in the
1992 Act and to serve as the frame-
work for concerned parties in car-
rying out their activities that will
contribute to efficient use of en-
ergy, which will help reduce energy
import from foreign sources.
The implementation under the
ENCON Program, Phase 1 (1995-
1999) and Phase 2 (2000-2004)
has been completed. From the
overall implementation, the ex-
pected energy conservation poten-
1
1 US$ = ~40 baht
tial includes the reduction of
energy demand by 883 MW,
replacing electric power at 5,447
GWh and fuel use at 430 million
litres of crude oil per year, account-
ing for a saving of 20.89 billion
baht (about US$ 522 million1) per
year.
The ENCON Program, Phase
3 (2005-2011), is now being
implemented, with a target to in-
crease energy efficiency by reduc-
ing the national energy elasticity
from 1.4:1 to 1:1 by the year 2007
and to increase the share of renew-
able energy in the total energy mix
from 0.5% in 2002 to 8% by 2011.
The expected out come at the end
of this phase is to reduce commer-
cial energy use by 12.7% or 10,354
thousand tons of crude oil equiva-
lent (ktoe) and to increase the share
of alternative/renewable energy
to 9.2% of the total final energy
consumption, replacing about
7,530 ktoe of commercial energy
demand.
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
Thailandûs Energy Conservation Program and the Role
of New & Renewable Energy in Energy Conservation
126
In developing the framework
for the ENCON Program, Phase 3,
the overall potential workload in
the next 3-7 years has been pro-
jected. With the characteristic of
a “rolling plan,” the programs/
projects under the ENCON Pro-
gram will be reviewed and adjusted
each year in order to correspond
with changing influential factors,
such as new energy policies/strat-
egies determined by the govern-
ment, and changing domestic and
global energy situations.
The ENCON Program, Phase
3, comprises the following three
main sub-programs:
1) Renewable Energy Deve-
lopment Program, targeting to
increase the use of renewable
energy and alternative energy by
9.2% by 2011. Emphasis is placed
on biofuel development, especially
gasohol and biodiesel to be alter-
native fuels in the transportation
sector; promotion of renewable
energy utilization for power gen-
eration; policy study and R&D on
renewable energy of which Thai-
land has high potential, such as
solar, micro-hydropower and
biomass energy; and human re-
sources development in the field
of renewable energy.
2) Energy Efficiency Im-
provement Program, aiming to
improve and promote energy
efficiency in the transportation,
industrial and residential sectors.
By 2011, it is expected that non-

productive energy use can be
reduced by 12.7%, or 10,354 ktoe.
3) Strategic Management
Program, involving the work on
policy research & study, e.g. the
study on fuel options and energy
market restructuring, aiming to
provide recommendations or
situation overviews, for the review
and improvement of the first two
Programs to correspond with the
changing situations. This Program
also involves the monitoring and
management of the ENCON
Program implementation to en-
sure that the respective targets
can be effectively achieved.
3. Implementation of Energy
Conservation Measures in Thai-
land
3.1 The Past Achievements
of Energy Conservation Mea-
sures during the Fiscal Period
2003-2005 can be summarized as
follows:
1) In the transporta-
tion sector, energy consumption
was reduced by 6%, or 8.5 million
barrels of oil equivalent, account-
ing for a saving of 17 billion baht.
Key factors were:
• Continuous energy
saving campaigns, amidst the oil
price hikes, resulting in oil con-
sumption reduction by about 6
million litres/day.
• The use of two new
public transport systems, i.e. sky-
trains and subways, accounting
for the transportation of 600,000
passengers/day.
Chavalit Pichalai
2) In the industrial
sector, energy consumption was
reduced by 4%, or 5 million bar-
rels of oil equivalent, accounting
for a saving of 13 billion baht.
Key factors were:
• The private sector
participation in energy conserva-
tion.
• Provision of govern-
ment revolving funds and soft
loans.
• Tax incentives.
3) In the government/
residential sectors, electricity
consumption was reduced by
3.5%, or 2.3 million barrels of oil
equivalent, accounting for a
saving of 4.6 billion baht. Key
factors were:
• Continuous energy
saving campaigns, particularly
on electricity saving in the house-
holds & offices and on the encour-
agement of community energy
management.
4) Increased use of new
& renewable energy, accounting
for a saving of 14.1 million barrels
of oil equivalent, worth 28.2 bil-
lion baht. Key factors included:
• The use of renewa-
ble energy, especially biomass,
reducing 3% of fuel oil and elec-
tricity consumption.
• The use of natural gas
for vehicles (NGV) and gasohol,
replacing 0.7% of oil consumption.
3.2 Acceleration of Energy
Conservation Measures to Re-
spond to the Oil Price Hikes
127
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
Since the crude oil prices in
the world market had continuou-
sly increased and in order to reduce
the country’s dependency on oil
imports, on 17 May 2005 the
government approved the strate-
gies to solve energy problems of
the country, setting higher targets
of the overall energy demand
reduction. And recently, on 25
April 2006, the government
reiterated the necessity to intensify
energy conservation measures
as crude oil prices had sharply
increased by about US$ 10/barrel,
and exrefinery diesel price had
reached US$ 88/barrel, which was
then a record high. The imple-
mentation can be divided into the
following economic sectors:
1) The Transportation
Sector: to reduce oil consumption
by 25% by 2009.
2) The Industrial Sector:
to reduce energy consumption by
20% by 2008.
3) The Household Sector:
to reduce energy consumption
by 10%, with the Kick-Off of
continuous energy saving cam-
paigns nationwide on 1 June 2005.
4) The Government Sec-
tor: to reduce energy consump-
tion by 10-15%, with immediate
effect.
4. Energy Conservation Meas-
ures : Government Sector
According to the past records,
electricity consumption of the
government sector is about 5.4
GW/year, or about 0.2% of the
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
total consumption of commercial
primary energy of the country. Oil
consumption of this sector is about
700 million litres/year, or about
3.5% of the total oil demand of the
country. These shares are very
small when compared with the
consumption in the industrial or
transportation sectors. Therefore,
one may question why the go-
vernment sector has to reduce
energy consumption.
The underlying reason is that
the government agencies, dealing
closely with the people, have to
be good examples for the general
public. Besides, millions of the
government personnel are already
acting as leaders, both in their
families and in their offices;
therefore, what they do will be
watched with interest by the public.
Particularly, given the oil price
crises in the country, the go-
vernment agencies should take
the lead role in reducing energy
consumption, both electricity and
oil.
“10-15% Target” - Energy Saving
Requirement
Since May 2005, the govern-
ment has set a target for govern-
ment agencies and state enterprises
to reduce energy consumption by
10-15% from the base year 2003.
In addition, the energy saving
implementation will be considered
as a Key Performance Index (KPI)
of each agency, starting in the fiscal
year 2006.
In order to enhance effective
energy-saving implementation to
reach the target set, the Ministry
of Energy, via the Energy Policy
and Planning Office (EPPO), has
introduced the following measures:
1) Disseminate the stated
energy-saving policy to the execu-
tives of all government agencies
nationwide to ensure correct and
common understanding of the
government objective.
2) Build up capacity of the
personnel in individual agencies to
enable efficient implementation
of energy-saving measures, by or-
ganizing workshops and training
by energy experts so that partici-
pants could learn and exchange
energy saving methods that could
be applied to their respective
offices.
3) Develop the e-report via
the internet to manage energy con-
sumption data in the govern-
ment sector. Each agency has a
password and can send in the
energy-saving report via the inter-
net. The information of success-
ful cases can be shared with other
agencies to stimulate their active
implementation on energy saving.
5. Energy Conservation Meas-
ures: Private Sector
Energy conservation measures
in the private sector are focused
on three key economic sectors, i.e.
transportation, industrial and
residential sectors, which account
for a share of 37%, 36% and 21%
of energy consumption of the
country respectively.
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
Thailandûs Energy Conservation Program and the Role
of New & Renewable Energy in Energy Conservation
128
5.1 Energy Conservation
Measures in the Transportation
Sector
In the transportation
sector, the target is to reduce 25%
of oil consumption by 2009. Ma-
jor implementation measures
include the following :
1) Promotion of new/
alternative transport fuels, to
reduce oil consumption by 15%
by 2008. The use of gasohol,
biodiesel and natural gas for vehi-
cles (NGV) will be promoted, with
the following targets:
• Gasohol: to increase
the use of gasohol to 8 million
litres/day within 2006 and to re-
place octane 95 gasoline with
gasohol 95 nationwide as from
1 January 2007.
• Biodiesel: to increase
the use of biodiesel to 5.2 million
litres/day in 2006 and to 8.5 mil-
lion litres/day by 2012.
• NGV: to speed up the
expansion of NGV stations from
60 now to 180 stations in 2006
and to replace 10% of gasoline and
diesel consumption by NGV by
December 2008, and to increase
the number of NGV-fueled vehi-
cles to 500,000 by 2010 together
with the expansion of NGV serv-
ice stations to 740 stations.
2) Improvement of the
Transport System Efficiency, to
reduce oil consumption by 10%,
via:
• Promotion of the use
of rail and waterway transport
modes instead of the transporta-

tion of goods and commodities
by land transport.
• Promotion of the use
of public transport systems instead
of private vehicles.
• Improvement of the
traffic management system by, for
example, the installation of speed
cameras/red light cameras to con-
trol violation of traffic rules, and
the use of Intelligent Traffic Sys-
tem (ITS) to manage & control
the traffic flows.
• Promotion of oil
transportation via pipelines to
reduce the number of oil-tank
trucks.
• The use of town plan-
ning to enhance transportation
system efficiency.
• Promotion of energy
saving vehicles, via the introduc-
tion of energy-saving car labeling.
• Application of tax
measures, i.e. increasing taxes for
annual car ownership registration
based on car ages and engine sizes
while reducing taxes for energy
saving and low emission cars.
5.2 Energy Conservation
Measures in the Industrial
Sector
In the industrial sector,
the target is to reduce energy
consumption by 20% by the year
2008. Major implementation
approaches include the following:
1) Promotion of the use
of natural gas to replace 5% of
fuel oil consumption in large in-
dustrial factories.
Chavalit Pichalai
• Promotion of the
Combined Heat & Power (CHP)
system (or Cogeneration) in
large industries/buildings and
industrial estates, including the
Gas District Cooling, such as the
implementation at the New Bang-
kok International Airport, or
Suvannabhumi Airport.
• Promotion of power
and cool-water generation using
the Distributed Generation (DG)
system in large-scale department
stores, situated along the natural
gas pipeline routes.
2) Energy efficiency
improvement, to save 15% of
energy consumption via:
• Speed-up of energy
efficiency improvement in small
and medium-sized enterprises
(SMEs), via several supportive
measures, such as provision of
the revolving funds and tax in-
centives to encourage investment
in the replacement of the existing
low efficiency equipment by high
efficiency one, and energy effi-
ciency investment promotion
measures, via the Board of Invest-
ment (BOI) of Thailand.
• Promotion of the En-
ergy Services Company (ESCO)
business.
• Restructuring of the
industrial sector – to promote the
industries that are non-energy
intensive but yield a high econo-
mic value and to improve energy
consumption efficiency at a level
suitable for each industrial sub-
sector.
129
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
5.3 Energy Conservation
Measures in the Household Sec-
tor
The target is to reduce
commercial energy consumption in
the household sector by 10%, with
the Kick-Off of continuous energy
saving campaigns nationwide on
1 June 2005. The implementati
on includes, among others:
• Promotion of high-
efficiency equipment utilization,
via such measures as follows:
- Establishment of
the Minimum Energy Performance
Standards (MEPS) of electrical
equipment.
- Application of en-
ergy efficiency labeling.
- Establishment of
the standards of LPG-fired cook-
ers.
- Promotion of high-
efficiency cooking stoves.
- Establishment of
the building code and building
material standards.
• Public awareness
campaigns, by:
- Dissemination of
energy conservation knowledge
and energy saving methods, espe-
cially oil and electricity saving tips
that people can use in their daily
activities, through various media
and campaign activities.
- Dissemination of
household management methods
to save energy, such as the use of
natural daylight instead of electri-
cal light, and the use of trees for
shading or blinds to reduce heat
transfer into the house.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
6. The Role of NRE in the Coun-
try’s Energy Conservation Pro-
gram
As mentioned earlier, renew-
able energy development is one
of the three main subprograms of
the Energy Conservation Program
of Thailand. It is a key implemen-
tation approach to achieve the go-
vernment’s target to increase the
share of renewable energy in the
total national fuel mix from 0.5%
in 2002 to 8% by 2011.
The Renewable Energy De-
velopment Program focuses on
the following five areas:
1) Promotion of the use of
biofuels, especially gasohol and
biodiesel, to be alternative fuels
in the transportation sector;
2) Promotion of renewable
energy utilization for power
generation;
3) Promotion of renewable
energy utilization for heat ge-
neration in industrial factories;
4) Policy study and R&D on
renewable energy of which Thai-
land has high potential, such as
solar, micro-hydropower and
biomass energy; and
5) Human resources develop-
ment in the field of renewable
energy, and public awareness cam-
paigns to create knowledge and
understanding about renewable
energy among the general public.
6.1 Promotion of Biofuels
and Alternative Transport Fuels
2
Dept. of Energy Business, Ministry of Energy, Thailand, Oil Situation-March 2006 [Online], April 2006. Available :
http://www.doeb.go.th/news/oil_april.htm [Accessed 26 Apr. 2006].
* Gasohol
A biofuel product, i.e.
gasohol 95 or the so-called
“E-10,” which is the mixture of
ethanol and octane 91 gasoline
at a ratio of 1 to 9, has been intro-
duced to the market. This means
10% of gasoline consumption can
be reduced. Now, the Gasohol
Roadmap has been developed,
targeting to distribute gasohol 95
nationwide, starting on 1 January
2007 and then remove octane 95
gasoline from the market. From
2008 onwards, promotion of
gasohol 91 will be made nation-
wide.
The price of gasohol 95
is now set to be cheaper than
octane 95 gasoline (currently at
3.75 US cents/litre) to promote
utilization of gasohol 95. Also,
the guidelines on government
support include, for example, in-
vestment promotion through the
Board of Investment for fuel-etha-
nol production plants, reduction
of import and excise taxes for
flexible-fuel vehicles (FFV), and
provision of soft loans to support
domestic manufacturing of FFV
engines.
The market response to
the gasohol promotion has been
very satisfactory. The total sale of
gasohol in March 2006 was 4 times
more than the sale in the same
month last year, i.e. from 0.816
million litres/day to 3.433 million
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
Thailandûs Energy Conservation Program and the Role
of New & Renewable Energy in Energy Conservation
130
litres/day2. As of March 2006, the
number of gasohol service stations
is 3,030 stations throughout the
country.
* Biodiesel
Thailand has been pur-
suing the Biodiesel Roadmap,
targeting to replace 10% of diesel
consumption by 2012 by biodiesel
and to produce 8.5 million litres
per day of biodiesel.
Demonstration projects
of biofuel production at the com-
munity level, with the trial blend-
ing ratio of biodiesel at 2%, or
known as “B2,” have proved to be
very successful as the product has
been widely accepted by consum-
ers and it causes no problem to
the engines. According to the
Biodiesel Roadmap, the blending
ratio of biodiesel at 5% (B5) will
be promoted nationwide by 2011
and at 10% (B10) by 2012.
One major problem that
prevents the immediate increase
of biodiesel production is the raw
materials. In Thailand, we can use
raw palm oil, coconut oil and some
other oil plants, including used-
cooking oil, to produce biodiesel.
However, exclusive of the use for
producing cooking oil and export,
the remaining production amount
of palm oil, which is the main raw
material used, i.e. 500,000 litres/
day, is currently not enough for
biodiesel production. To solve this
problem, the government has

planned to increase oil palm plan-
tation by 5 million rais3 by 2009.
Therefore, the current
promotion of biodiesel utilization
is focusing on small-scale or com-
munity-scale demonstration pro-
jects (100-200 litres/day), using
oil palm, used-cooking oil and
jatropha oil, to educate the public
about the management and pro-
duction process of biodiesel, which
will create their confidence in
biodiesel utilization. The imple-
mentation now includes 11 pilot
communities and will expand to
60 potential communities in vari-
ous provinces within 2006.
* Natural Gas Vehicles
(NGV)
To encourage the use of
NGV, the retail price of NGV is
initially set at 50% of the diesel
retail price. However, the price
adjustment may be required later
to be 55% and 60% of gasoline 91
in the year 2007 and 2008 respec-
tively. From 2009 onwards, the
NGV price would be 65% of gaso-
line 91.
A total of 500,000 NGV-
fueled vehicles is targeted by the
year 2010, focusing on the public
transport fleets, taxis and govern-
ment car fleets. The development
of NGV market requires simulta-
neous development of infrastruc-
ture, i.e. natural gas pipelines and
natural gas service stations. The
establishment of NGV stations will
3
1 rai = 0.16 hectare.
Chavalit Pichalai
be speeded up from the current 60
stations (as of April 2006) to 740
stations by 2010.
6.2 The Use of New & Re-
newable Energy in the Industrial
Sector
The use of renewable
energy, especially biomass, is
being promoted for heat genera-
tion via the establishment of mini-
mum efficiency of the Combined
Heat and Power (CHP) system,
measures on biomass manage-
ment in industrial factories, tax
incentives for industries using
biomass fuel, and legislative mea-
sures on wastewater treatment
and waste disposal.
Natural gas will be pro-
moted to replace the use of oil in
the industrial sector, aiming to save
expenditures on oil import, worth
about 34 billion baht in 2006 and
80 billion baht in 2010.
Expansion of the Gas
District Cooling & Cogeneration to
replace oil consumption in this
sector will account for a saving
of 3 billion baht in 2006 and 32
billion baht in 2010.
6.3 The Use of Renewable
Energy for Power Generation
Currently, natural gas is
the major fuel used in power gen-
eration. As of December 2005,
natural gas accounted for 72% of
the fuel used in this sector. Next
to it was lignite & coal, holding a
131
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
share of 15%. Others comprised
fuel oil, hydro and imported elec-
tricity from Lao PDR & exchange
with Malaysia, accounting for
6%, 4% and 3% respectively.
According to Thailand
Power Development Plan 2004-
2015 (PDP 2004) developed by
EGAT, 76% of the total power
generation in 2010 will be from
natural gas. If new power plants
after 2011 use natural gas, its share
in the fuel mix for power genera-
tion will go up to 81% in 2015. If
so, the power system security will
be at risk.
The government recog-
nizes the risk due to over-depen-
dency on natural gas and, therefore,
sees it necessary to diversify the
fuel types used for power genera-
tion to ensure the power supply
security.
The government will
encourage the Electricity Genera-
ting Authority of Thailand (EGAT)
and new Independent Power Pro-
ducers (IPPs) to use imported coal
for power generation to be supplied
to the grid after 2011 with the use
of clean coal technology (CCT) to
enhance the operating efficiency
while reducing the environmental
impact.
Greater use of renewable
energy for power generation will
also be promoted. Focus is made
on four domestic renewable energy
sources, of which the potential
is high, i.e., biomass/biogas and
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
mini-hydro. In addition, Thailand
is seeking cooperation on hydro-
power development with neigh-
boring countries, e.g. Laos, Myan-
mar, China and Cambodia.
To encourage renewable
energy utilization as fuel for power
generation, the Ministry of Energy
has devised the following suppor-
tive measures:
• The Renewable Port-
folio Standard (RPS)4 measure-
through this measure, it is expected
that 140 MW generated by renew-
able energy will be supplied into
the grid by 2011. The contribution
by different types of renewable
energy comprises hydro 75 MW,
biomass 25 MW, municiple solid
waste 20 MW, wind 10 MW and
solar energy 10 MW.
• The improvement of
the power purchase regulations
and the introduction of “Feed-in
Tariff” - attractive power purchas-
ing prices will be established to
encourage investment in renewable
energy-fuel generation, for exam-
ple, the rate of invested capital
(ROIC) of no less than 11% and
the payback period within 10 years;
and
The fiscal and financial
incentives, for example, tax privi-
leges, soft loans, investment pro-
4
The mandatory requirement for new power plants that 5% of their energy generation must be generated by renewable energy.
motion through the BOI channel,
measures on externality (social and
environmental) costs and on car-
bon tax.
7. Conclusion
At present, the private sector
has realized the benefits from en-
ergy efficiency improvement and
the use of new & renewable energy.
Especially, the financial assistance
provided by the government
ENCON Fund has induced more
private investment in these fields.
To facilitate energy efficiency
improvement, the Thai government
has promoted the ESCO company
services especially in large facto-
ries and buildings where energy
efficiency improvement is man-
dated by law. Several financial
measures have been devised to
boost investment in energy effi-
ciency improvement. Major mea-
sures are: the provision of soft
loans, which has brought about
greater participation of bankers/
financiers in the implementation;
tax incentives; and energy effi-
ciency investment promotion
measures via the Board of Invest-
ment (BOI). Several manufactur-
ers of electrical equipment/appli-
ances have given good cooperation
in terms of improving their pro-
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
Thailandûs Energy Conservation Program and the Role
of New & Renewable Energy in Energy Conservation
132
ducts to be more energy efficient.
For new & renewable energy
project development, the private
sector has taken part in the imple-
mentation of a number of projects,
such as the implementation of
biogas technology for power gen-
eration in livestock farms and for
wastewater treatment in agro-
industry factories, which has
gained wide acceptance nation-
wide. Academics and industries
have taken part in terms of, among
others, research and development
of new & renewable energy tech-
nologies, such as solar cells that
are appropriate for the tropical
climate, fuel cell development
and wind resource assessment in
Thailand.
With the government policy
determining to reduce energy de-
mand and dependency on energy
imports through various strategies
and measures, together with the
cooperation of the private sector
and the growing energy-saving
consciousness of the general pub-
lic, it is hoped that the national en-
ergy security will be streng-
thened and hence sustainable de-
velopment of the country and the
well-being of the people.
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

Reference ªî¬ «— ¥‘Ï Õ—¡√–π—π∑πå ∑‘»∑“ß°“√º≈‘µ‰øøÑ“ 2004. Bangkok; 2004.

æ√“¬æ≈ §ÿâ ¡ ∑√— æ ¬å ·≈– ¿Ÿ √’  ‘ √‘  ÿ π ∑√.
‡»√…∞°‘ ® ‰∑¬°— ∫ «‘ ° ƒµ‘ πÈ” ¡— π ¢Õß‚≈°.
§≥–‡»√…∞»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∏√√¡-
»“ µ√å. °√ÿ߇∑æœ; ÚıÙ˘.
ª√–‡¥Áπ∑’˧«√®—∫µ“¡Õß. ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘æ≈—ßß“π
‡æ◊ËÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡, °√ÿ߇∑æœ; ÚıÙ¯.
The Department of Alternative Energy
Development and Efficiency, Ministry
of Energy. Thailand Energy Situation
The Department of Alternative Energy
Development and Efficiency, Ministry
of Energy. Renewable Energy in Thai-
land: Ethanol and Biodiesel. Bangkok;
2004.

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ π‚¬∫“¬°“√Õπÿ√—°…åæ≈—ßß“π·≈–∫∑∫“∑æ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π¢Õ߉∑¬
™«≈‘µ æ‘™“≈—¬
ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ ”π—°«‘‡§√“–Àå·ºπæ≈—ßß“π  ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπæ≈—ßß“π

„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¿“§‡Õ°™π‰∑¬‰¥â µ √–Àπ— ° ∂÷ ß º≈ª√–‚¬™πå ® “°°“√ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß °“√„™â æ ≈— ß ß“πÕ¬à “ ß¡’

ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–°“√ à߇ √‘¡°“√„™âæ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°„π°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿߥ—ß°≈à“«
√—∞∫“≈‰¥â à߇ √‘¡„Àâ∫√‘…—∑®—¥°“√æ≈—ßß“π (ESCO) ‰¥â‡¢â“¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑¡“°¢÷Èπ„π°“√®—¥°“√æ≈—ßß“π„π¿“§
∏ÿ√°‘®·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡‚¥¬‡©æ“–„πÕ“§“√·≈–‚√ßß“π¢π“¥„À≠à πÕ°®“°π’È ¡“µ√“°“√°“√®Ÿß„®∑“ß°“√‡ß‘π
À≈“¬ª√–°“√‰¥â∂Ÿ°π”¡“„™â„π°“√°√–µÿâπ°“√≈ß∑ÿπ‡æ◊ËÕª√—∫ª√ÿß°“√„™—æ≈—ßß“πÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ  ”À√—∫
°“√æ—≤𓂧√ß°“√¥â“πæ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π ¿“§‡Õ°™π‰¥â‡¢â“¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑„π°“√®—¥∑”‚§√ß°“√À≈“¬‚§√ß°“√
Õ“∑‘‡™à𠂧√ß°“√º≈‘µ·°ä ™’«¿“殓°ø“√塇≈’Ȭߠ—µ«å ·≈–πÈ”‡ ’¬®“°‚√ßß“π·ª√√Ÿª ‘π§â“‡°…µ√°√√¡
 ”À√—∫°“√º≈‘µ‰øøÑ“ ·≈–¥â«¬π‚¬∫“¬¢Õß√—∞„π°“√≈¥§«“¡µâÕß°“√°“√„™âæ≈—ßß“π·≈–≈¥°“√æ÷Ëßæ“
æ≈—ßß“ππ”‡¢â“‡À≈à“π’È®÷߇ªìπ∑’ËÀ«—߉¥â«à“ π‚¬∫“¬¥â“πæ≈—ßß“π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»®–¡’§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß ·≈–𔉪 Ÿà°“√
æ—≤π“∑’ˬ—Ë߬◊π·≈–§«“¡Õ¬Ÿà¥’°‘π¥’¢Õߪ√–™“™π

§” ”§—≠ : °“√Õπÿ√—°…åæ≈—ßß“π, æ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π, °“√æ—≤π“·∫∫¬—Ë߬◊π

Chavalit Pichalai
133
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

Properties of Industrial Usa Sangwatanaroj1

Piyawan Puicharoen1
Thai Silks Reeled by Hand Suda Kiatkamjornwong2
Associate Fellow of the Academy
of Sciences, The Royal Institute,
and by Machine Thailand

Abstract
Three mulberry silk filaments from the local producers and one imported silk filament
were analyzed for various properties. The properties of the silk filaments reeled by hand and by
machine were compared. The properties assessed were whiteness and yellowness, fineness or
denier, degumming weight loss, moisture content, relative density, birefringence, crystallinity,
chemical composition, softening point, burning behavior, tenacity, resistance to sunlight, dye
fixation, and resistance to acid, alkaline and bleaching conditions, according to the standard test
methods. It was found that the hand reeled silks showed the lower values in whiteness,
birefringence, crystallinity and softening point than those of the machine reeled silks. On the
other hand, the hand reeled silks showed a higher denier and dye fixation. The local silks were
found to have the higher values in denier, degumming weight loss, relative density, crystallinity,
dye fixation, and resistance to alkali and bleaching agent than the imported Chinese silk.

Key words: Thai silk, hand reeling, machine reeling, properties

Introduction
There are various kinds of silk
depending on source such as Thai
silk, Indian silk, and Chinese silk.
Thai silk filaments differ from
those of other countries in many
ways. They are usually soft but
have a relatively coarse texture
with uneven, slightly knotty
threads (a unique property not
found in other silks). Silk in Thai-
land can be classified into three
types based on the silk worm spe-
cies namely Thai silk worms, a
mixed hybrid of Thai and foreign
silk worms and mixed hybrid of
foreign silk worms. These silk
worms produce varying qualities
and properties of silk filaments.
In addition, the properties of silk
filaments in Thailand have not
really been investigated and
characterized.
Asakura et al.1 studied the
structure of Bombyx mori silk
fibroin using the solid state 13C-
NMR technique. As expected, the
NMR spectra showed very sharp
13
C-NMR signals of the silk
fibroin. These results indicated

1
Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
E-mail: usa@sc.chula.ac.th
2
Department of Imaging and Printing Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok
10330, Thailand. E-mail: ksuda@chula.ac.th

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
Properties of Industrial Thai Silks
Reeled by Hand and by Machine
134

a fast segmental motion of the
fibrous protein at a high molecular
weight of 300,000. Nakamura
et al. 2 investigated the thermal
properties of the silk proteins in
silkworms and found that water
evaporated off as the temperature
of the amorphous random-coil
fibroin of Bombyx mori was raised
to 100 ºC. Intra- and intermolecular
hydrogen bonds of the silk proteins
were broken at the temperatures
of 150-180 ºC and the glass transi-
tion temperature was 175 ºC. Silk
sericin showed a glass transition
temperature of 170 ºC. The glass
transition temperature of wild silk
fibroins varied with the species of
silkworm and ranged from 160-
210 ºC.
Annadurai et al.,3 computed
the crystal imperfection parameters
and the shape of crystallites of
varieties of silks (Chinese, Indian,
and Japanese races) using the
X-ray profile analysis, and
observed the influence of these
parameters on physical properties
of the silk filaments. They found
that silk filament having a higher
crystal size value showed a higher
tensile strength and percentage
elongation at breaking point than
other silk filaments. Sen and
Babu 4-6 studied the properties
of the Indian mulberry and non-
mulberry silk varieties. They
found that denier, moisture regain,
dye uptake, and elongation of the
cocoon’s outer layer filament were
higher than those of the cocoon’s
inner layer filament for all silk
varieties while density, tenacity
Usa Sangwatanaroj, et al.
and modulus showed the opposite
results. Mulberry silk had lower
moisture regain but higher density
and dye uptake than the non-
mulberry silk which contained
microvoids at the filament cross-
section. However, the non-
mulberry silk had a higher molecu-
lar weight than the mulberry
varieties.
In this study, we attempted to
determine the properties of three
local silk filaments reeled by hand
and by machine. In addition, an
imported Chinese silk filament was
also studied. All silk filaments
were subjected to various tests to
determine their characteristics and
their chemical and physical
properties. This scientific informa-
tion is very important for various
applications in textile industry.
Experimental
Materials
The three mulberry silk
filaments used in this research were
two varieties of mixed hybrids
between the Thai race and Japanese
or Chinese race known as Chul 4
and Chul 6, and one variety of a
mixed hybrid between the Japanese
and Chinese races known as Chul
1. These raw filaments were reeled
from silk cocoons (bivoltine) by
hand and by machine at Chul
Thai-Agro Industries, Thailand and
only inner layer silk filaments were
used. For the hand reeling, each
silk variety was reeled in water at
90 ºC at a speed of 19 m/min, while
a Nissan automatic silk reeling
machine was used for machine
135
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
reeling at a speed of 90 m/min and
a temperature and pH of water of
30-32 ºC and 6.5-7, respectively.
In addition, an imported Chinese
silk filament was provided by Jim
Thompson Thai Silk, Thailand.
It was reeled by machine and an
inner layer filament was obtained
All chemicals used in this research
were of reagent grade and utilized
without further purification.
Methods
Degumming
Raw silk filaments were
degummed at Chul Thai Silk Co.,
Ltd. using 2-3 g/dm 3 sodium
carbonate and 5-6 g/dm3 nonionic
wetting agent at a liquor-to-silk
ratio of 30:1, at a temperature of
98 ºC, pH 10 for 45 minutes in a
degumming bath. Both raw and
degummed silk filaments were
assessed for their appearance,
physical and chemical properties,
according to the test methods
shown as follows.
Characterization
Appearance, Cross-Sectional
and Longitudinal Views
Silk filaments were observed
visually for their general appea-
rance such as color shade luster,
smoothness, and cleanliness in a
standard lighting cabinet VeriVide
under a light source of daylight
(D65). They were also observed
for their cross-sectional and longi-
tudinal morphology under a scan-
ning electron microscope (SEM,
model JEOL JSM-5410LV).
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
Whiteness
Each variety of silk filament
was paralleled and tightly wrapped
on a flat sheet and then was sub-
jected to whiteness measurement
according to the AATCC test
method 110. The whiteness of the
silk was measured using a Macbeth
reflectance spectrophotometer
(Color-Eye 7000).
Denier
Each filament was weighed
and measured for its length and the
fineness or denier was determined
by multiplying 9,000 by the ratio
of the filament weight in gram over
the filament length in meter, ac-
cording to ASTM D1425.
Degumming Loss
Each raw silk filament was
conditioned, weighed and then
degummed in a stainless steel con-
tainer of the laboratory dyeing
machine Ahiba Polymat using
the same formulation as shown
previously in the degumming
section. It was then washed, dried
and conditioned overnight before
weighing it and calculating its
percentage of the degumming
weight loss, according to JIS
L0844.
Moisture Content
The moisture content of the
filaments was determined by first
conditioning each sample over-
night and then weighing it before
and after drying at 105 ºC in an
infrared weighing balance (model
AD-4715). Its moisture content
(%) was calculated by multiplying
100 by the ratio of the different
filament weights before and after
drying over the filament weight
before drying, according to ASTM
D2654.
Relative Density
The relative density of the fila-
ments was measured based on
Archimedes’ method5 using a den-
sity test kit (Sartorius YDK 01)
according to ASTM D3800. First,
a one-inch long sample was im-
mersed in water for at least 13
hours at room temperature, then
weighed, pressed to remove excess
water, weighed, dried at 110 ºC, and
weighed again. The relative densi-
ty was then calculated according
to the following equations.
V = M-S (1)
B = W/V (2)
Dr = (B/Dt) Ó 100 (3)
Where V = the sample volume,
M = the sample weight after re-
moving excess water, S = the sam-
ple weight when soaking wet,
B = the sample bulk density,
W = the sample weight after dry-
ing at 110 ˚C, Dr = relative den-
sity, Dt = theoretical density
Birefringence
Silk birefringence (∆n) was
determined using the Beckeline
method.5 It was calculated from the
difference between the refractive
indexes of a single filament in
parallel and perpendicular direc-
tions, compared with that of a
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
136
chloronaphthaline and cetane
mixture (refractive index = 1.55).
Under a polarizing microscope,
the refractive index of the mixture
in which the Beckeline disappeared
was taken as the refractive of the
sample.
Crystallinity
Silk crystallinity was analyzed
using an X-ray diffractometer
(model D8 Advance Bruker). The
Ni-filtered Cu-Kα (1.54 Å) radia-
tion was used at 40kV and 40 mA.
Silk filaments were scanned be-
tween 5 and 32º (2θ values) with a
rate of 2 º per minute, compared
with their amorphous silks. Amor-
phous silks were prepared as re-
ferences for each variety of silk by
dissolving the degummed silks in
solutions of ethanol, water, and
calcium chloride at a ratio of 5:6:8,
respectively and at a temperature
of 50 ºC for 60 minutes5. Then the
non-dissolved portions were
screened out and the dissolved
amorphous samples were coagu-
lated in water, dried and ground
into a powder form. The percent-
age crystallinity of the silk fila-
ments was determined according
to equation 4.
% crystallinity = [1 - (Aa/At)] Ó 100
(4)
where Aa = the integrated area
of the amorphous-
sample diffracto-
gram
Properties of Industrial Thai Silks
Reeled by Hand and by Machine

At = the integrated area
of the filament-
sample diffracto-
gram
Infrared Analysis
Each variety of silk filaments
was analyzed for its basic chemi-
cal structure and functional groups
using the FTIR spectrometer
(model Nicolet Nexus 670) with an
ATR (attenuated total reflectance)
technique and DTGS detector. The
FTIR spectrum of each filament
was recorded from 650 to 4000
cm-1 with the averaged 100 scans
and a resolution of 4 cm-1.
Softening Point
The softening temperature of
each sample was determined using
the melting apparatus (Sanyo
Gallenkamp) by heating the sam-
ple and observing it for its soften-
ing point.
Burning Test
Silk filaments were tested for
their burning behavior according to
the AATCC test method 20. They
were observed for their appear-
ances near the flame and during
burning and for their burning resi-
due.
Strength
Silk tenacity was determined
using a Lloyd tensile tester, model
L500, according to ASTM D2256.
All varieties of silk filament were
conditioned overnight before being
Usa Sangwatanaroj, et al.
tested. Each sample of ten inches
long was clipped onto the machine
and then stretched to breakage with
a stretching rate of 300 mm per
minute using a 100 N load cell.
Resistance to Sunlight
The silk filaments were tested
for their resistance to sunlight by
exposing them to imitation sunlight
produced by a mercury/tungsten
arc lamp in the light fastness tester
Shirley (model M237A) for 25
hours, and then testing their tenac-
ity, compared to that before the
exposure.
Dyeability
Silk dyeability was deter-
mined by first dyeing each silk fila-
ment with an Acid Orange 253 at
2% weight of filament (owf), 2%
owf of 98% sulfuric acid and 1
g/dm3 of nonionic wetting agent,
in a stainless steel container of the
laboratory dyeing machine, Ahiba
Polymat, at a liquor ratio of 1:30,
at 100 ˚C for 45 minutes. The dyed
filament was removed from the
cylinder, air dried and measured for
its color strength (K/S before wash-
ing) at a wavelength of 520
nanometers using the Macbeth
reflectance spectrophotometer
(Color-Eye 7000). Then it was
washed, dried, and measured for its
color strength (K/S after washing).
The percentage of dye fixation was
calculated by multiplying 100 by
the ratio of the K/S after washing
over the K/S before washing.
137
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
Resistance to Acid, Alkali,
and Bleaching Agent
Each variety of silk filament
was tested for weight loss after
exposure to 2% owf of 98%
sulfuric acid in dyeing conditions
(see the dyeability section), 2-3
g/dm 3 sodium carbonate in the
degumming condition (see the
degumming section), and 3 g/dm3
of 50% hydrogen peroxide in the
bleaching condition (pH 10, 95 ºC,
45 minutes).
Results and Discussion
Appearance, Cross-Sectional
and Longitudinal Views
The silk variety known as
Chul 4 was a yellow filament while
other varieties of Chul 6, Chul 1
and the imported Chinese silk were
white filaments. All filaments were
inner layer filaments and they all
looked shiny and clean. The SEM
micrographs of these filaments
showed a similar appearance de-
scribed as follows. Each piece of
raw silk was covered with sericin
gluing two filaments together and
showed an uneven surface. On the
other hand, each degummed silk
appeared as an individual filament
with triangular cross-sectional
shapes and a more even surface.
Hand and machine reeled filaments
showed a similar appearance
under SEM analysis. Figures 1
and 2 show the scanning electron
micrographs of the local silk Chul
4 and the imported Chinese silk,
reeled by machinery.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

Longitudinal View
Reeling Method
Raw Silk Degummed Silk

Hand

Machine

Cross Sectional View

Reeling Method
Raw Silk Degummed Silk

Hand

Machine

Figure 1. Cross sectional and longitudinal views of Chul 4 silk filament under SEM.

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
Properties of Industrial Thai Silks
Reeled by Hand and by Machine
138

Reeling Method
Machine
Reeling Method
Machine
Figure 2. Cross sectional and longitudinal views of Chinese silk filament under SEM.
Whiteness
The whiteness measurement
of the raw and degummed silks
shown in Figure 3 indicates the
following information. All white
filaments had positive values in
whiteness while the yellow fila-
ment had negative values in white-
ness. The imported Chinese silk
had the highest whiteness of 42
for the raw filament and 85 for
the degummed filament, followed
by the local silk Chul 6 and Chul 1
(18-37 for the raw filaments and
72-78 for the degummed fila-
ments). One reason for this result
Usa Sangwatanaroj, et al.
Longitudinal View
Raw Silk
Cross Sectional View
Raw Silk
could be that the Chinese silk had
a lower number of impurities in-
cluding sericin on the surface (see
degumming loss section) than
those on the local silk and thus
showed less effect on the whiteness
of the Chinese silk. Another reason
could be due to the higher white-
ness of the Chinese silk fibroin.
Figure 3 also shows that the
machine reeled silks had higher
whiteness than the hand reeled
silks when compared within the
same silk variety. The local white
silk reeled by machinery had
whiteness values of 27 and 37
139
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
Degummed Silk
Degummed Silk
for the raw filaments (Chul 1 and
Chul 6) and 78 for the degummed
filaments while those reeled by
hand had a lower whiteness value
of 18 and 33 for the raw filaments
and 74 and 72 for the degummed
filaments. This might be due to the
different speeds and consistencies
of reeling taking place in both
reeling methods. The machine
reeling could provide a higher reel-
ing speed and better consistency
of reeling than the hand reeling,
and this could help decrease the
number or the thickness of the
impurities coated on the filament
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

100
C4 (hand)
50
C4 (m/c)
0
C6 (hand)
Whiteness

-50 C6 (m/c)
-100 C1 (hand)
-150 C1 (m/c)
-200 Chi (m/c)
-250
-300
Raw silk fibers

(a) the raw silks

100
C4 (hand)
50
C4 (m/c)
0
C6 (hand)
Whiteness

-50 C6 (m/c)
-100 C1 (hand)
-150 C1 (m/c)
-200 Chi (m/c)
-250
-300
Degummed silk fibers

(b) the degummed silks

Figure 3. Whiteness of (a) the raw silks and (b) the degummed silks.
[Cl for Chul 1; C4 for Chul 4; C6 for Chul 6; Chi for Chinese filaments; hand for hand reeling; m/c for machine
reeling]

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
Properties of Industrial Thai Silks
Reeled by Hand and by Machine
140

surface and improving the filament
cleanliness and whiteness.
Not only could the machine
reeling improve silk whiteness,
degumming also could increase
whiteness. All the degummed
filaments gave a higher whiteness
value than that of the raw filaments
in which the degummed Chinese
silk had the highest whiteness of
85, followed by the degummed
local silks of Chul 6 and Chul 1
(72-78). The degummed yellow
silk Chul 4 had less negative val-
ues in whiteness than its raw silk.
This result indicated that the
degumming process could have
removed sericin and color sub-
stances coated on the filament
surface, leaving silks cleaner and
whiter.
Denier
Generally the fineness or de-
nier of each silk filament is 1.25
deniers and the double filament
gluing together with sericin is in
the range of 1.75-4 denier. In this
study, it was shown that double
filament of the Chinese silk had
2.2 denier for the raw silk and 2.1
denier for the degummed silk while
that of the local silks had various
degrees of finenesses from 2.2 to
2.5 denier for both the raw and the
degummed silks. The only one
local white silk reeled by machine,
Chul 1, had about the same fine-
ness as the Chinese white silk also
reeled by machine. Other local
silks were coarser than the Chinese
silk. The degummed silks showed
the same denier as their raw silks.
Usa Sangwatanaroj, et al.
Differences in fineness among
various silk varieties could be due
to their different parental genetics,
and raising diets and climates, and
many other environmental con-
trols. Silk varieties of mixed hy-
brids among the Thai race and the
Japanese or the Chinese race called
Chul 4 and Chul 6, respectively,
had slightly larger deniers (2.3-2.4
denier) than the silk variety of the
mixed hybrid among the Japanese
and Chinese races called Chul 1,
and the Chinese silk (2.1-2.2 de-
nier) when comparing between
the machine reeled silks.
In addition, it was found that
the machine reeled filaments (2.2-
2.4 denier) had slightly smaller
deniers than the hand reeled
filaments (2.4-2.5 denier) when
compared within the same silk
variety and this could be because
the high speed of machine reeling
controlled the filament drawing
ratio and hence reduced the
filament size or denier.
Degumming Loss
To remove silk sericin and to
improve water and dye absorption
of the filaments, degumming is an
essential step in silk production.
The silk weight loss after the
degumming was due to the loss of
silk sericin. Generally, silk loses
approximately 20% of its weight
during degumming. In this re-
search, the silk filaments lost
18.4 -22.4% of their weight after
the degumming. The Chinese silk
lost the least weight of 18.4% while
the local silks lost 19-22.4%. The
141
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
local silk variety of mixed hybrid
between the Japanese and Chinese
races Chul 1 lost the highest
weight. Differences in the filament
weight loss or sericin loss among
various silk varieties could be due
to the different sericin contents
in each filament (different paren-
tal genetics, raising diets and
climates). In terms of silk reeling
methods, it was shown that the
machine and hand reeled filaments
exhibited approximately the same
weight loss or sericin loss upon
degumming. The amount of sericin
on each silk variety was less
affected by the reeling methods but
more affected by genetics, raising
diets and climate.
Moisture Content
Generally, silk has about 9%
of moisture content at 21 ºC and
65% RH (relative humidity). In
this study, moisture content of the
degummed silk filaments was
found between 7.9-8.8% while
that of the raw silk filaments was
7.4-10.2%. The raw silk filaments
are mainly composed of fibroin,
covered with sericin substances
(amorphous structure) which are
capable of moisture absorption.
Silk fibroin also contains portions
of amorphous and crystalline re-
gions to absorb water and streng-
then the filament, respectively.
Various silk filaments contain
different amounts of sericin and
different portions of amorphous
and crystalline regions.
Among the silk varieties used
in this work, it was found that the
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
Chinese raw silk filament con-
tained a highest moisture content
of 10.2% while the local raw silk
filaments contained a lower
content of 7.4 -9.6%. The results
from the degumming weight loss
determination showed that the
Chinese silk filament lost the least
weight during degumming. In the
other word, we could say that the
Chinese raw silk filament con-
tained the lowest amount of sericin,
but it had the higher moisture con-
tent than other raw silk filaments
containing the higher sericin con-
tent. This could mean that sericin
content was not the only factor to
influence the moisture absorption
of the silk filament. Some other
factors such as chain orientation,
crystallinity and others could affect
the moisture absorption as well.
The effect of the reeling meth-
ods on the silk filament’s moisture
content studied was found that
the two local degummed filaments
had a similar moisture content
for the hand reeled filaments and
machine reeled filaments while
the one local degummed filament
showed a different result. In ad-
dition, the local raw silk filament
reeled by machine had a lower
moisture content than that reeled
by hand while the other two raw
filaments showed the opposite
result. From these outcomes, it
was not possible to reach a defi-
nite conclusion on how the reeling
methods affected the moisture
content of silk filaments because
of the inconsistent test results
from the non-uniformity of the
natural fiber.
Relative Density
Silk density determination
indicated that the raw silk filaments
have a relative density in the range
of 1.20-1.26 g/cm3 and the relative
density of the degummed silk fila-
ments was 1.06-1.14 g/cm3. The
degummed filaments showed
a lower density than the raw
filaments due to the loss of sericin
upon degumming. Among all
varieties, The Chinese silk fila-
ment had the lowest density for
both the raw silk filaments and
the degummed filaments because
the Chinese silk filament had a
smaller size (denier), lower weight
and lower sericin content than
the local silk filaments. Again, it
was not possible to find a relation-
ship between the reeling method
and silk density due to the same
reason as mentioned previously.
Birefringence
The degummed silk filaments
were tested for their birefringence
in order to study the polymer chain
orientation within the filaments.
It was found that the local silk
filaments reeled by machine had a
similar birefringence (0.050-0.053)
as that of the machine reeled
Chinese silk filament (0.053).
The polypeptide chains in these
filaments could have a similar
degree of orientation. Furthermore,
the test results showed that the
local filaments reeled by hand
had a lower birefringence (0.041-
0.047) or a lower degree of poly-
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
142
peptide chain orientation than
those reeled by machine (0.050-
0.053). It is possible to say that
the machine reeling process in-
troduced a higher filament draw-
ing speed and drawing ratio than
the hand reeling process and thus
it promoted better orientation of
polypeptide chains in the machine
reeled filaments.
Crystallinity
Generally, silk filament con-
tains 65-70% crystallinity. In this
study, the degummed silk filaments
were determined for their crystal-
linity using an X-ray analysis and
results are shown in Figure 4. It
was found that the local filaments
reeled by hand contained 40-68%
crystallinity while those reeled
by machine contained higher crys-
tallinity of 62-72%. It was also
shown earlier that the hand reeled
filaments had a lower birefringence
than those of machine reeled fila-
ments and thus showed the lower
%crystallinity in there. Comparing
the local filaments and the Chinese
filament both reeled by machine,
the test results showed that the
local filaments had a higher %
crystallinity (62-72%) than the
Chinese filament (59%) while the
similar birefringence in the range
of 0.050-0.053 had been previou-
sly reported. All the degummed
filaments showed a similar pattern
of X-ray diffractograms featuring
a broad major peak located at
2θ = 20.5 ˚ with various peak am-
plitudes for each silk variety.
Properties of Industrial Thai Silks
Reeled by Hand and by Machine

100
80
Crystallinity (%)
60
40
20
0
Figure 4. Crystallinity of the degummed silks.
[Cl for local Thai Silk; C4 for Chul 4; C6 for Chul 6; Chi for Chinese filaments; hand for hand reeling; m/c for machine
reeling]
Infrared Analysis
All ATR IR spectra of the
degummed silk filaments used in
this study showed a similar spec-
tral pattern. These spectra indi-
cated that all the silk varieties had
the same chemical structure with
chemical groups assigned to
various peaks as follows. Peak
position at 3426-3413 cm-1 was
assigned to be the N-H stretching,
2966-2920 cm -1 was the C-H
stretching, 1646-1633 cm-1 was
the C=O stretching and the N-H
stretching (amide I), and 1517-
1509 cm-1 was the C=O stretching
and the N-H stretching (amide II).
This result indicated the existence
of the amide group (NH-C=O)
on polypeptide chains in silk fila-
ments.
Usa Sangwatanaroj, et al.
Degummed silk fibers
Softening Point
Silk does not melt when it is
heated. In fact, it begins to yellow
at around 100 ºC, decomposes at
170 ºC, and burns at 420 ºC. In this
study both the raw and degummed
silk filaments were tested for their
softening points and it was found
that these raw filaments showed
softening points ranging from 146
to 160 ºC while the degummed fila-
ments showed slightly lower sof-
tening points ranging from 145 to
155 ºC because the silk sericin cov-
ering the raw filaments surface can
protect silk fibroin from heat.
For the raw filaments, the re-
sults showed that the local fila-
ments reeled by machine rendered
softening points in the range of
155-160 ºC and that of the Chinese
143
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
C4 (hand)
C4 (m/c)
C6 (hand)
C6 (m/c)
C1 (hand)
C1 (m/c)
Chi (m/c)
filament possessed a lower tem-
perature at 149 ºC due to the lower
amount of sericin on the Chinese
filament for heat protection (see the
degumming loss section). On the
other hand, the Chinese degummed
filament showed its softening
point (153 ºC) in the same range of
the local degummed filaments
(151-155 ºC). Silk fibroins of both
the Chinese filament and the local
filaments could have the same heat
resistance.
In terms of reeling techniques,
the test results indicated that
the local filaments reeled by hand
had lower softening points (146-
153 ºC for the raw filaments and
146-150 ºC for the degummed
filaments) than those reeled by
machinery (155-160 ºC for the raw
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
filaments and 151-155 ºC for the
degummed filaments). The reasons
for these results could be due to the
higher birefringence and higher
crystallinity of the machine reeled
filaments (see the birefringence
and crystallinity sections).
Burning Test
All the silk filaments showed
very similar burning behavior
as follows. Both the raw and
degummed filaments shrunk on
heat when they were placed near a
flame. Upon placing them in the
flame, they burned immediately.
The degummed filaments gave a
strong smell similar to hair burn-
ing while the raw filaments did not
produce a strong smell during
burning. After burning the raw fila-
ments, black, grey and hard solid
ashes resulted, but while burning
the degummed filaments, black
and soft ashes developed.
Fiber Strength
The raw and degummed silk
filaments were tested for their
strength in terms of fiber tenacity
in a unit of gram per denier (g/d).
The test results indicated that the
raw filaments had higher tenacity
(2.4-3.6 g/d) than the degummed
filaments (1.2-2.5 g/d) due to the
presence of sericin. Sericin on the
raw filaments could help in in-
creasing the fiber strength or tena-
city resulting from its elastic amor-
phous structure. The Chinese raw
filaments and the degummed fila-
ments had approximately the same
fiber tenacity (2.5 g/d for the raw
filament and 2.4 g/d for the
degummed filament). In the other
words, the Chinese silk filament
could maintain its strength after
degumming (only 4% loss) while
the local silk filaments lost 20-58%
of fiber tenacity after degumming
because the degumming agents in-
troduced more fiber damage to the
local filaments than to the Chinese
filament.
In terms of reeling methods,
it was found that the local raw
filaments reeled by machine had
a slightly lower tenacity (2.4 -3.1
g/d) than those reeled by hand (2.6-
3.6 g/d) while the local degummed
filaments showed the inconsistent
tenacity of the machine and hand
reeled filaments. The previous test
results on birefringence, crystallin-
ity and the softening point of the
local raw and local degummed
filaments indicated that the fila-
ments reeled by machine had a
higher birefringence, crystallinity
and softening point than those
reeled by hand. Thus it should be
expected that the former filaments
have a higher tenacity than the
latter; unfortunately this was not
the case. This is caused by the
unevenness of the natural silk fiber
from silk genetics and raising
condition of the silk worms.
Resistance to Sunlight
Generally, silk fiber cannot
resist sunlight because it tends to
absorb UV radiation from sunlight
through the peptide bonds and a
small amount of the disulfide
bonds on polypeptide chains and
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
144
their natural pigments within the
fiber. The high energy of UV
radiation can later break these
covalent bonds, degrade the fiber
and decrease the fiber strength.
This study revealed that after
a 25-hour exposure to the imita-
tion sunlight, both the raw and
degummed silk filaments showed
a significant strength loss in terms
of %tenacity loss (38-53% for the
raw filaments and 44-54% for the
degummed filaments). The raw
filaments lost less strength than
their degummed filaments because
the sericin on the raw filaments
helped protect the silk from UV
destruction. It was also found that
the Chinese raw filament showed
the lowest tenacity loss (38% loss)
while its degummed filament
showed the highest tenacity loss
(54% loss) after a sunlight expo-
sure of 25 hours, compared with
the local raw and local degummed
filaments. The Chinese degummed
filament or silk fibroin could be
damaged more by sunlight or have
less resistance to the sunlight than
the local silk fibroin. On the other
hand, the test results showed that
the local raw filaments lost 50-53%
and their degummed filaments
lost 44-50% after the exposure.
Silk resistance to sunlight can
be influenced by the parental ge-
netic of each silk variety including
many factors such as the number
of peptide bonds and the various
amino acid contents on polypeptide
chains, natural pigment content
within silk fibroin and silk sericin,
sericin content, etc. It has been
Properties of Industrial Thai Silks
Reeled by Hand and by Machine

shown previously that the Chinese
degummed filament has a higher
loss of tenacity than its raw fila-
ment after sunlight exposure. This
could be explained by the fact that
the resistance to sunlight of the
Chinese filament is influenced
more by the sericin content than by
other factors. For the local fila-
ments, most of the raw filaments
and degummed filaments showed
a similar loss of tenacity and thus
the sericin on filaments might not
play a significant role in protect-
ing the local silks from sunlight.
Instead, the silk fibroin of the lo-
cal filaments (amino acids, natural
pigments) could play a major role.
In terms of reeling techniques,
it was shown that most of the local
silks reeled by hand and by ma-
100
80
Dye fixation (%)
60
40
20
0
Figure 5. Dye fixations of the degummed silks.
[Cl for local Thai Silk; C4 for Chul 4; C6 for Chul 6; Chi for Chinese filaments; hand for hand reeling; m/c for machine
reeling]
Usa Sangwatanaroj, et al.
chine had similar tenacity loss af-
ter the exposure. There might not
be a relationship between the reel-
ing method and the resistance to
sunlight of the silk filaments.
Dyeability
The degummed silk filaments
were dyed with acid dye orange
253 and they were measured for
%dye fixation. The results in
Figure 5 indicated that these
filaments showed %dye fixation
in the range of 72-85%. The
Chinese filament had the lowest
dye fixation of 72% while the
local filaments had a higher fixa-
tion of 74-83%. In this study, the
dye fixation was calculated from
the measurement of silk color
strength (K/S) before and after
Degummed silk fibers
145
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
washing (see the dyeability sec-
tion) using a colorimetric method.
This method showed the color
strength of the silk surface, not
within the silk filament. Therefore,
the silk filament with a higher sur-
face area or smaller size (denier)
would show lower color strength
than the silk filament with a lower
surface area or larger size (denier)
when they were dyed at the same
dye concentration because the
smaller silk needs a higher amount
of dye or needs to be dyed at a
higher dye concentration in order
to obtain the same color strength
as the larger silk. This could be
the reason that the smaller denier
of the Chinese silk filament reeled
by machine (see denier section)
showed a lower dye fixation than
C4 (hand)
C4 (m/c)
C6 (hand)
C6 (m/c)
C1 (hand)
C1 (m/c)
Chi (m/c)
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
a larger denier of the local silk fila-
ments reeled by machine when
they were dyed at the same dye
concentration. The internal prop-
erties of silk such as birefringence,
crystallinity, moisture content, etc.
might not play significant roles in
this case. The surface chemistry
of the typical functional groups of
silk fiber and the acidic dye can be
a major attribute to the different
color strength. The amount of all
amino acid types, i.e., the non-
polar amino acid, acid amino acid,
basic amino acid and sulfur-
complex amino acid, can interact
with the acid dye via an acid-base
interaction to give different color
strength. We anticipate that a
certain type of amino acid, for
example glycine, in the sericin of
the silk can be used a padding
agent to enhance color reception
and thus higher color strength.
This research is now underway.
In addition, the reeling method
in relation to the denier could be
another important contributor to
color strength. According to the
reeling methods, it was shown that
machine reeled filaments had a
slightly lower dye fixation (74 -
83%) than hand reeled filaments
(78-85%). The machine reeled
filaments had a lower denier than
the hand reeled filaments (see the
denier section) and thus it had a
smaller surface area to accept dye
and thus showed a lower dye fixa-
tion measuring by the colorimetric
method.
Resistance to Acid, Alkali,
and Bleaching Agent
The raw and degummed silk
filaments were tested for acid re-
sistance by immersing in a solution
of sulfuric acid in dyeing condition.
After this acid exposure, a very low
loss of the silk weight of 1-1.5%
for the raw silk and 0.5-0.7% for
the degummed silk was shown.
This small weight loss could come
from the loss of some water so-
luble materials rather than from
the loss from the sericin and silk
fiber because sericin and fibroin
proteins should have more resis-
tance to acid than to alkali. The
test results in this study indicated
that all the silk varieties showed
a high resistance to acid. There
was an insignificant difference
in the weight loss of the silk after
the acid exposure between the silk
reeled by hand and those reeled
by machine, and between the
Chinese silk and the local silk.
Generally, silk fiber or fibroin
can be damaged when exposed
to alkali condition such as de-
gumming due to their vulnerable
peptide bonds to alkali. In this
study, the raw and degummed
filaments were exposed to sodium
carbonate under a degumming
condition and then were tested
for weight loss. It was shown that
the raw filaments lost 15.7-27%
weight while the degummed fila-
ments lost only 11-14.4% weight
after an alkaline exposure. This
weight loss came mainly from
the loss of sericin, and partly from
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
146
the loss of fiber and/or water so-
luble substances. The Chinese
raw silk lost the lowest weight of
15.7% while its degummed silk
lost the greatest weight of 14.4%
for this study, compared with the
local raw silk of 23.1-27%, and the
local degummed silk of only 11-
13.8%. Because among all the silk
varieties, the Chinese raw silk con-
tained the lowest content of sericin
(see the degumming loss section)
and thus it lost the lowest weight
after the exposure. On the other
hand, the silk fibroin of the
degummed Chinese silk was dam-
aged more by the alkaline solution
than the silk fibroin of the
degummed local silks. All the silk
varieties in this study showed very
low resistance to alkali. The silks
reeled by hand and those reeled by
machine showed an insignificant
difference in the weight loss after
the exposure. In other words, the
silk reeling methods had no influ-
ence on the silk resistance to alkali.
In general, silk bleaching with
an oxidizing agent of hydrogen
peroxide is conducted at an alkali
condition and silk can be damaged
by these chemicals (hydrogen per-
oxide and sodium carbonate). The
oxidizing agent can oxidize
the polypeptide chain in fibers, and
degrade it as well as decrease the
fiber strength. This leads to the loss
of fiber but in a smaller degree
when compared to the damage
from the alkali degumming. In this
study, it was shown that the raw
filaments lost 7.4-9.8% weight and
Properties of Industrial Thai Silks
Reeled by Hand and by Machine

the degummed filaments lost 2.1-
3.2% weight after bleaching. The
Chinese raw silk filaments and
the degummed filaments lost the
highest weight of 9.8% and 3.2%,
respectively, compared with the
loss of the local raw silk filaments
(7.4-8%) and the degummed fila-
ments (2.1-2.4%). The Chinese
silk had a lower resistance to
bleaching condition than the local
silk. Again, there was no correla-
tion between the reeling methods
and the silk resistance to bleach-
ing found in this study.
All the silk fibers used in this
study showed the same behavior
as they were highly vulnerable to
alkali, less to bleaching with an
advantage of a great resistance to
acid. In addition, no clear correla-
tion was found between the reel-
ing methods (by hand and by ma-
chine) and the silk resistance to
acid, alkali and the bleaching
agent.
Possible Applications for Silk
Fabric Production, Dyeing
and Printing
The characterized data ob-
tained by this work conform to the
fundamental theory for silk testing
properties. It is the first time that
such a comparison of silk proper-
ties reeled by hand and machine is
performed. More characterization
will be carried out for a complete
data base for applications in silk
industry. Based on this type of data,
appropriate fiber properties from
the reeling techniques can be ad-
Usa Sangwatanaroj, et al.
justed or modified to suit its par-
ticular requirement in production
of silk fiber. Additionally, a proper
fiber selection in correlation with
fabric and its color appearance,
fabric and printed fabric perma-
nence based on color properties of
the outer and inner layer fibers, and
performance and usability of fa-
bric itself and printed fabrics based
on denier, crystallinity, and relative
density can be achieved. New fa-
bric designs can be created upon
weaving the outer-layer silk yarns
having darker colors in combina-
tion with the inner layer silk yarns
containing lighter colors to re-
sulting in a new unique, aesthetic
appearance of stylist Thai silk
clothing. Fiber characteristics
such as homogeneity, denier, and
liquid absorption of the fiber as
the major influencing factors for
fidelity, resolution, and dot gain of
printed fabrics can be manipulated.
Information on resistance to sun-
light, bleaching agent and acid-
base conditions can be a guideline
for formulations of dyeing chem-
istry, printing ink chemistry and
detergent chemistry using high
performance colorants to reduce
damages upon exposure to these
environments.
Conclusions
In this study, three Thai silk
filaments reeled by hand and by
machine were analyzed compara
tively for various properties. It was
found that the reeling method
could affect significantly the silk
147
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
properties such as whiteness,
polypeptide chain orientation or
birefringence, crystallinity, heat
resistance or softening point,
dyeability, and denier or fiber size.
The machine reeling increased the
silk whiteness, birefringence, crys-
tallinity, and softening point while
decreasing the silk denier and
dyeability in comparison with the
hand reeling.
Acknowledgment
This research is financially
supported by the Research Team
Promotion Grant, the Thailand
Research Fund under the Grant
Number RTA4780004 (Suda
Kiatkamjornwong, Project Head).
Research facilities are provided
by Chulalongkorn University.
The authors gratefully acknow-
ledge these supports.
References
1. Asakura T, Demura M, Uyama A,
Ogawa K, Komatsu K, Nicholson
LK, Cross TA. NMR Characteriza-
tion of Silk Proteins. Silk Polymers,
ACS Symposium Series, 1994;
544: 148-154.
2. Nakamura S, Magoshi J, Magoshi
Y. Thermal Properties of Silk Pro-
teins in Silkworms. Silk Polymers,
ACS Symposium Series, 1994; 544:
211-221.
3. Annadurai V, Subramanyam G,
Gopalkrishne URS, Somashekar
R. Structure-Property Relation in
Varieties of Silk Fibers. Journal of
Applied Polymer Science 2001;
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

79: 1979-1985.
4. Sen K and Babu KM. Studies on
Indian silk. I. Macrocharacterization
and Analysis of Amino Acid Com-
position. Journal of Applied Polymer
Science 2004; 92: 1080-1097.
5. Sen K and Babu KM, Studies on
Indian silk. II. Structure-Property
Correlations. Journal of Applied
Polymer Science 2004; 92: 1098-
1115.
6. Sen K and Babu KM, Studies on
Indian Silk. III. Effect of Structure
on Dyeing Behavior. Journal of
Applied Polymer Science 2004;
92: 1116-1123.

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ  ¡∫—µ‘¢Õ߉À¡‰∑¬‡™‘ßÕÿµ “À°√√¡ “«¥â«¬¡◊Õ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√
Õÿ…“ · ß«—≤π“‚√®πå Ò
ªî¬«√√≥ ªÿ¬‡®√‘≠ Ò
 ÿ¥“ ‡°’¬√µ‘°”®√«ß»å Ú
Ò
¿“§«‘™“«— ¥ÿ»“ µ√å §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
Ú
¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π, ¿“§«‘™“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å∑“ß¿“æ∂à“¬·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑“ß°“√æ‘¡æå
§≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬

ß“π«‘®—¬π’ȉ¥â»÷°…“ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õ߇ âπ„¬®“°ÀπÕπ‰À¡ Û ™π‘¥ ∑’˺≈‘µ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ·≈–‡ âπ„¬‰À¡

Ò ™π‘¥ ∑’πË ”‡¢â“®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ ¡∫—µ¢‘ Õ߇ âπ„¬‰À¡‡À≈à“π’∑È  ’Ë “«¥â«¬¡◊Õ·≈– “«¥â«¬‡§√◊ÕË ß®—°√
´÷Ëß∑¥ Õ∫µ“¡¡“µ√∞“π “°≈§◊Õ §«“¡¢“«·≈–§«“¡‡À≈◊Õß ¢π“¥‡ âπ„¬‰À¡ (¥’‡π’¬√å) πÈ”Àπ—°∑’ËÀ“¬‰ª
®“°°“√≈Õ°°“«‰À¡ ª√‘¡“≥§«“¡™◊È𠧫“¡Àπ“·πàπ —¡æ—∑∏å °“√®—¥‡√’¬ßµ—«¢Õß‚´àæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å„π‡ âπ„¬‰À¡
(birefringence) ª√‘¡“≥º≈÷° Õߧåª√–°Õ∫∑“߇§¡’ ®ÿ¥ÕàÕπµ—« 惵‘°√√¡°“√‡º“‰À¡â §«“¡‡À𒬫Àπ◊¥
(tenacity) §«“¡∑π· ß·¥¥ °“√µ√÷ß ’¬âÕ¡ §«“¡∑π°√¥ ¥à“ß ·≈–¿“«–øÕ°¢“« ®“°°“√»÷°…“‰¥âæ∫«à“
‡ âπ‰À¡ “«¥â«¬¡◊Õ„Àâ§à“§«“¡¢“« °“√‡√’¬ßµ—«¢Õß‚´àæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å ª√‘¡“≥º≈÷° ·≈–®ÿ¥ÕàÕπµ—«µË”°«à“‡ âπ‰À¡
 “«¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√ „π∑“ßµ√ߢⓡ ‡ âπ„¬ “«¥â«¬¡◊Õ„Àâ§à“¢π“¥‡ âπ„¬·≈–°“√µ√÷ß ’¬âÕ¡¥’°«à“ ‡ âπ„¬‰À¡
„πª√–‡∑»¡’§à“¢π“¥‡ âπ„¬ πÈ”Àπ—°∑’ËÀ“¬‰ª®“°°“√≈Õ°°“«‰À¡ §«“¡Àπ“·πàπ —¡æ—∑∏å ª√‘¡“≥º≈÷° °“√
µ√÷ß ’¬âÕ¡ ·≈–°“√∑π¥à“ß·≈– “√øÕ°¢“«‰¥â¥’°«à“‡ âπ‰À¡π”‡¢â“®“°ª√–‡∑»®’π.

§” ”§—≠ : ‰À¡‰∑¬,  “«¥â«¬¡◊Õ,  “«¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß,  ¡∫—µ‘µà“ßÊ

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
Properties of Industrial Thai Silks
Reeled by Hand and by Machine
148
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ »‘√‘®—π∑√å ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘∞

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°* √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
‡æ◊ËÕ®”·π°ª√–‡¿∑¢ÕßÕÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘° ‚¥¬Õâ“ßÕ‘ß®“°ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“π ‰¥â¡’
°“√»÷°…“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“π¢Õß ÒÙ °√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ∑’Ë„™âÕ¬Ÿà„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°¢Õ߉∑¬
º≈®“°°“√»÷°…“ §à“ª√‘¡“≥°“√∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π®”‡æ“–æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂®”·π°°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ‰¥â‡ªìπ Û °≈ÿà¡
§◊Õ °≈ÿ¡à ∑’∫Ë √‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π·∫∫ ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ·≈–µàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß °≈ÿ¡à ∑’∫Ë √‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π·∫∫‰¡à ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õµ“¡√Õ∫°“√º≈‘µ
·≈–°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π·∫∫º ¡√–À«à“ß°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ò ·≈–°≈ÿà¡∑’Ëà Ú

§” ”§—≠ : Õÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°, ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“π, °“√®”·π°°≈ÿà¡Õÿµ “À°√√¡,

°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ, ª√‘¡“≥°“√∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π®”‡æ“–

Ò. §«“¡π” ·µà ‚ ¥¬∑’Ë «— µ ∂ÿ ¥‘ ∫ À≈— ° ¢ÕßÕÿ µ  “À- «—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫·≈–æ≈—ßß“π ”À√—∫°“√º≈‘µ

„π∞“π–Õÿµ “À°√√¡µâππÈ”¢Õß
Õÿµ “À°√√¡æ≈“ µ‘° Õÿµ “À°√√¡
ªî‚µ√‡§¡’®–º≈‘µ‡¡Á¥æ≈“ µ‘°´÷Ë߇ªìπ
«— µ ∂ÿ ¥‘ ∫  ”À√— ∫ °“√º≈‘ µ º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å
æ≈“ µ‘° °“√æ—≤π“Õÿµ “À°√√¡
ªî‚µ√‡§¡’¬àÕ¡°àÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√æ—≤π“
§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¥â“π≈—°…≥– ¡∫—µ‘
¢Õ߇¡Á¥æ≈“ µ‘° ´÷Ëß𔉪 Ÿà§«“¡
À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°
°√√¡ªî‚µ√‡§¡’ §◊Õ ‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ßøÕ ´‘≈
(fossil fuel) ´÷Ë߇ªìπæ≈—ßß“πÀ≈—°
¢Õß‚≈° °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß√“§“
‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ß°àÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
√“§“‡¡Á¥æ≈“ µ‘° Õ—π®– àߺ≈µàÕ
µâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°
®÷߇ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ Õÿµ “À°√√¡æ≈“ µ‘°
æ÷Ëß擇™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ßøÕ ´‘≈·≈–æ≈—ßß“π
√Ÿ ª Õ◊Ë π Ê ∑—Èß„π à«π∑’ˇªìπ∑’Ë¡“¢Õß
°“√¢÷È π √Ÿ ª ‡¡Á ¥ æ≈“ µ‘ ° ‡ªì π
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“°‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√
·≈â « ¬— ß µâ Õ ß°“√Õÿ ª °√≥å ∑’Ë ‡ √’ ¬ °«à “
·¡àæ‘¡æå (mold and die) ¥—ßπ—È𠧫“¡
 “¡“√∂¢ÕßÕÿ µ  “À°√√¡·¡à æ‘ ¡ æå
®–‡ªì π  à « π™à « ¬„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ §«“¡À≈“°
À≈“¬¢Õß√Ÿ ª ·∫∫¢Õߺ≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å
æ≈“ µ‘ ° √«¡∑—È ß µâ π ∑ÿ π °“√º≈‘ µ
 ‘π§â“

* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ù µÿ≈“§¡ æ.». ÚıÙ˘.

»‘√‘®—π∑√å ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘∞
149
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò · ¥ß‚§√ß √â“ßÕÿµ- °Õߧ«∫§ÿ ¡ ‚√ßß“π °√¡‚√ßß“π ÒÛˆ,˜˘ı ≈â “ π∫“∑ ¡’ ¡Ÿ ≈ §à “ °“√

 “À°√√¡º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å æ ≈“ µ‘ ° ‰∑¬ Õÿµ “À°√√¡ °√–∑√«ßÕÿµ “À°√√¡)  àßÕÕ°¡“°°«à“ªï≈– ˜, ≈â“π
´÷ßË ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚√ßß“π∑—ßÈ  ‘πÈ Ù,ıˆ ¡’®”π«π·√ßß“π∑—Èß ‘Èπ Ò¯Û,˜Û ∫“∑
‚√ß (Õâ“ßՑߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ æ.». ÚıÙ˜ ¢Õß §π ·≈–¡’ ®”π«π‡ß‘ π ≈ß∑ÿ π °«à “

Õÿµ “À°√√¡‡¡Á¥æ≈“ µ‘°

Õÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°

Õÿµ “À°√√¡ Õÿµ “À°√√¡ Õÿµ “À°√√¡ º≈‘µ¿—≥±å (Ò)

¬“π¬πµå Õ“À“√·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ ‡°…µ√  ”À√—∫ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§

Õÿµ “À°√√¡ Õÿµ “À°√√¡ Õÿµ “À°√√¡

Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å °àÕ √â“ß Õ◊Ëπ Ê

(Ò) À¡“¬‡Àµÿ º≈‘µ¿—≥±å ”À√—∫ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§ ‡™à𠇧√◊ËÕß„™â„π ”π—°ß“π·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß„™â„π§√—«‡√◊Õπ œ≈œ

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ‚§√ß √â“ßÕÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°

Ú. °“√«—¥ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“π ‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ∑ √“∫∂÷ ß ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ √–¥—∫¡À¿“§ „π∫“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡™àπ

„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ æ≈—ßß“π ®”‡ªìπµâÕß∑√“∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ Ú  À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ¡’°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√‡°Á∫
°“√∑’®Ë –∑√“∫∂÷ߧ«“¡‡À¡“– ¡
„π°“√∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π¢ÕßÕÿµ “À-
°√√¡ ®”‡ªìπµâÕß∑√“∫∂÷ߪ√– ‘∑∏‘-
¿“æ„π°“√„™âæ≈—ßß“π À√◊Õ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“π (energy effi-
ciency) °“√æ— ≤ π“ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ
æ≈—ßß“π À√◊Õ°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õߪ√–-
 ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“π‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√
„™âæ≈—ßß“π≈¥≈ß „π¢≥–∑’Ë°“√º≈‘µ/
∫√‘ ° “√§ßµ— « À√◊ Õ °“√„™â æ ≈— ß ß“π
§ßµ—«‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√‡æ‘Ë¡°“√º≈‘µ/∫√‘°“√
 à«π  à«π·√° §◊Õ ª√‘¡“≥æ≈—ßß“π∑’Ë
¡’°“√„™â‰ª ·≈– à«π∑’Ë Ú §◊Õº≈º≈‘µ/
∫√‘°“√∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√„™âæ≈—ßß“π °“√
§”π«≥À“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“π„π
‚√ßß“π·µà≈–‚√ßÕ“®‰¡à¡’ªí≠À“¡“°
π—° ‡æ√“–‚√ßß“π®–¡’¢Õâ ¡Ÿ≈∑—ßÈ Ú  à«π
(∂â“¡’°“√µ√«®«—¥·≈–‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡)
·µà „ π√–¥— ∫ Õÿ µ  “À°√√¡·≈–°≈ÿà ¡
Õÿµ “À°√√¡ °“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
∑—Èß Ú  à«πµâÕß°“√Àπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë√—∫
º‘¥™Õ∫„π°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π
√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π„π
Õÿµ “À°√√¡ (manufacturing energy
consumption survey) ∑ÿ°√Õ∫ ı ªï
·≈–À≈—ß ÿ¥‡ªìπ°“√‡º¬·æ√àº≈°“√
 ”√«®¢Õß §.». ÚÚ À≈—ß®“°π’È
®–‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π√Õ∫°“√ ”√«®„Àâ ‡ À≈◊ Õ
Ù ªï
¥â“π‚√ßß“π·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π∑’ Ë Õ¥§≈âÕß
°—∫º≈º≈‘µ  “¡“√∂𔉪„™â„π°“√
§”π«≥§à “ µ— « ∫à ß ™’È ª √– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬

ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°
150

æ≈—ßß“π §◊Õ §à“§«“¡‡¢â¡æ≈—ßß“π
(energy intensity) ·≈–§à“§«“¡¬◊¥
À¬ÿàπ/ —¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ïæ≈—ßß“π (energy
elasticity/coefficient) ‚¥¬„™â§à“§«“¡
‡¢â¡æ≈—ßß“π‡ªìπµ—«°”Àπ¥‡ªÑ“À¡“¬
 ”À√— ∫ °“√æ— ≤ π“ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ
æ≈—ßß“π
°“√§”π«≥§à “ §«“¡‡¢â ¡ æ≈— ß
ß“π (EI) Õ“®§”π«≥‰¥â®“°À≈“¬
 Ÿµ√ µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ
EI = æ≈—ßß“π/ª√‘¡“≥°“√º≈‘µ
= æ≈—ßß“π/¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√º≈‘µ
= æ≈—ßß“π/¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√¢π àß
= æ≈—ßß“π/¡Ÿ≈§à“‡æ‘Ë¡
‚¥¬§à“§«“¡‡¢â¡æ≈—ßß“π ‡ªìπ
§à“¢Õßµ—«∫àß™’Ȫ√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“π
„π√–¥—∫Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ”À√—∫Õÿµ “À-
°√√¡∑’¡Ë °’ √–∫«π°“√º≈‘µÀ≈“¬Õ¬à“ß
(À≈“¬ª√–‡¿∑¢Õߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±å) §à“
¢Õߧ«“¡‡¢â¡æ≈—ßß“π„π·µà≈–™à«ß
‡«≈“®–·ª√º— 𠵓¡§à “ °“√∫√‘ ‚ ¿§
æ≈—ßß“π®”‡æ“– (specific energy con-
sumption, SEC) ¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ
·≈–‚§√ß √â “ ß°“√º≈‘ µ ·µà ≈ –Õ¬à “ ß
´÷ËßÀ¡“¬∂÷ß —¥ à«π°“√º≈‘µ¢Õߺ≈‘µ
¿— ≥ ±å µà “ ß Ê ¿“¬„πÕÿ µ  “À°√√¡
 ”À√—∫§à“§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ/ —¡-
ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ïæ≈—ßß“π (EE) ´÷Ëß¡—°„™â‡ªìπ
µ—«∫àß™’ȧ«“¡‰«„π°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
°“√∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“πÕ—π‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߺ≈º≈‘µ/¡Ÿ≈§à“∑“ß
‡»√…∞°‘®¢Õߺ≈º≈‘µ ®–§”π«≥‰¥â
®“° Ÿµ√
EE = E/E
P/P
»‘√‘®—π∑√å ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘∞
‚¥¬∑’Ë E = æ≈—ßß“π
E = º≈µà“ߢÕß°“√∫√‘‚¿§
æ≈—ßß“π√–À«à“ߧŸàªï∑’Ë
µâ Õ ß°“√‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫
(∂â “ µâ Õ ß°“√‡ª√’ ¬ ∫
‡∑’ ¬ ∫¡“°°«à “ §Ÿà ªï ® –
‡ªì π °“√‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫
∑ÿ°ªï°∫— ªï∞“π)
P = º≈º≈‘ µ /¡Ÿ ≈ §à “ ∑“ß
‡»√…∞°‘®¢Õߺ≈º≈‘µ
P = º≈µà “ ߢÕߺ≈º≈‘ µ /
¡Ÿ≈§à“√–À«à“ߧŸàªï (∂â“
µâ Õ ß°“√‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫
¡“°°«à“§Ÿªà ï ®–‡ªìπ°“√
‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫∑ÿ ° ªï °— ∫
ªï ∞ “π „π°√≥’ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π
°“√‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫¢Õß
¡Ÿ ≈ §à “ ®–¡’ ° “√ª√— ∫
¡Ÿ≈§à“‰ª Ÿà¡Ÿ≈§à“ªï∞“π
¥â«¬¥—™π’≈“ ·ª√åÀ√◊Õ
¥—™π’¥‘«‘‡´’¬)
Û. ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“πÕÿµ-
 “À°√√¡º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°
¥â«¬‡Àµÿ∑’˵âÕß°“√»÷°…“«à“®–
 “¡“√∂®”·π°ª√–‡¿∑¢ÕßÕÿµ “À-
°√√¡º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°‚¥¬Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
®“°ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “ææ≈— ß ß“π‰¥â À √◊ Õ
‰¡à ®÷߉¥â¡’°“√»÷°…“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
æ≈— ß ß“π¢Õß·µà ≈ –ª√–‡¿∑¢Õß
°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘ µ ´÷Ë ß ®”·π°ÕÕ°
‡ªì π ÒÙ °√–∫«π°“√º≈‘ µ À≈— ß
®“°«— ¥ ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “ææ≈— ß ß“π¢Õß
°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ·µà≈–Õ¬à“ß®–¡’°“√
«— ¥ °≈ÿà ¡ ¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘ µ ∑’Ë ¡’
151
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
≈— ° …≥–°“√∫√‘ ‚ ¿§æ≈— ß ß“π·≈–
§à “ µ— « ∫à ß ™’È ª √– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “ææ≈— ß ß“π∑’Ë
„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π‰«â„π°≈ÿࡇ¥’¬«°—π
µ—«∫àß™’Ȫ√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“π
∑’Ë „ ™â «— ¥ ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “ææ≈— ß ß“π¢Õß
·µà ≈ –°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘ µ ®–„™â §à “
SEC ´÷Ëß„π∑’Ëπ’È®–‡ªìπ —¥ à«π√–À«à“ß
§à “ æ≈— ß ß“π‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡∑’ ¬ ∫°— ∫ ª√‘ ¡ “≥
«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫∑’Ë„™â º≈®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥°“√
∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π ÛÚ ‚√ßß“π  √ÿª
§à“ SEC ‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ
·µà≈–Õ¬à“߉¥â¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò
® “ ° ≈— ° … ≥ – ° “ √ ∫ √‘ ‚ ¿ §
æ≈— ß ß“π·≈–§à “ SEC ®– “¡“√∂
®”·π°°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±å
æ≈“ µ‘°‰¥â‡ªìπ Û °≈ÿà¡ ¥—ßπ’È
°≈ÿà¡æ≈—ßß“π∑’Ë Ò ‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë
°“√∫√‘ ‚ ¿§æ≈— ß ß“π·∫∫ ¡Ë” ‡ ¡Õ
µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√
º≈‘µ
- blow film extrusion
- film extrusion
- sheet extrusion
- pipe & tube extrusion
- profile extrusion
- laminating
- calendering
°≈ÿà ¡ æ≈— ß ß“π∑’Ë Ú ‡ªì π °≈ÿà ¡
∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π·∫∫‰¡à ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ
µ“¡√Õ∫°“√º≈‘ µ ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬
°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ
- blow molding
- stretch blow molding
- injection molding
- roto molding
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò §à“ SEC ¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ

°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ SEC
blow film extrusion 0.715
sheet extrusion 0.867
film extrusion 0.732
pipe/tube extrusion 0.688
profile extrusion 0.732
blow molding 1.716
stretch blow molding 2.53
roto molding 2.07
compress molding 2.14
injection molding 2.04
tape/yarn extrusion 0.835*

* À¡“¬‡Àµÿ ‰¡à√«¡æ≈—ßß“π„π à«π∑’Ëπ” tape/yarn ‰ª·ª√√Ÿª‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å ‡™àπ ∑Õ°√– Õ∫ ∂ÿß œ≈œ

- thermo forming ‡∑ª œ≈œ ´÷Ëߪ√‘¡“≥«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫®–∂Ÿ° Ù.  √ÿª

- compressed molding
°≈ÿà¡æ≈—ßß“π∑’Ë Û ‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¡’
°“√∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π·∫∫º ¡√–À«à“ß
°“√∫√‘‚¿§·∫∫°≈ÿ¡à ∑’Ë Ò ·≈–°≈ÿ¡à ∑’Ë Ú
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ
- tape/yarn/filament
‡¡◊Ë Õ ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ° “√
∫√‘ ‚ ¿§æ≈— ß ß“π∑’Ë Õâ “ ßÕ‘ ß °— ∫ °“√
∫√‘‚¿§«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫ °“√®”·π°≈ß°≈ÿà¡
æ≈—ßß“π∑’Ë Û ‰¡àÕ“®∑”‰¥â ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘ µ ‡ªì π ·∫∫º ¡
¥— ß π—È π «—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫®–‡¢â“ Ÿà°√–∫«π°“√
º≈‘µ·∫∫ sheet extrusion °àÕπ∑’Ë
®–∂Ÿ° àßµàÕ‰ª¬—ß°√–∫«π°“√µ—¥‡ªìπ
®”·π°≈ß°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘ µ ·∫∫
sheet extrusion ·≈–‚¥¬∑’Ë§à“ SEC
¢Õß°≈ÿà ¡ π’È ‰ ¡à · µ°µà “ ß®“°°≈ÿà ¡
æ≈—ßß“π∑’Ë Ò ¡“°π—° ®÷ß√«¡°“√
«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ° “√∫√‘ ‚ ¿§æ≈— ß ß“π¢Õß
°≈ÿà¡æ≈—ßß“π∑’Ë Û ‰«â„π°≈ÿà¡æ≈—ßß“π
∑’Ë Ò
®“°§à“ SEC ¢Õß·µà≈–°√–∫«π
°“√º≈‘µ„π·µà≈–°≈ÿà¡ ·≈–‚§√ß √â“ß
°“√º≈‘µ Õâ“ßÕ‘ß°—∫«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫¢Õß·µà
≈–°≈ÿà¡ ®– “¡“√∂ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√
∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π §«“¡‡¢â¡æ≈—ßß“π
·≈–§«“¡¬◊ ¥ À¬ÿà π æ≈— ß ß“π ‰¥â ¥— ß
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú
º ≈ ® “ ° ° “ √ µ √ « ® «— ¥ · ≈ –
ª√–‡¡‘π°“√∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π æ∫«à“
„π §.». Úı °“√∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π
‰øøÑ “ ¢ÕßÕÿ µ  “À°√√¡º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å
æ≈“ µ‘ ° Ù,ı˘˜ ≈â “ π°‘ ‚ ≈«— µ µå
™—Ë«‚¡ß À√◊Õ§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ¯ ¢Õß
°“√∫√‘ ‚ ¿§æ≈— ß ß“π‰øøÑ “ √«¡¢Õß
∑—Èß¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡
∑’Ë ¡ “ : ‚§√ß°“√»÷°…“‡°≥±å
°“√„™âæ≈—ßß“π„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡·≈–
Õ“§“√µà“ß Ê (SEC) (Õÿµ “À°√√¡
º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å æ ≈“ µ‘ ° ), °√¡æ— ≤ π“
æ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π·≈–Õπÿ√°— …åæ≈—ßß“π
°√–∑√«ßæ≈—ßß“π, °—𬓬π ÚıÙ˘.

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬

ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“ææ≈—ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°
152
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú º≈°“√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π §«“¡‡¢â¡æ≈—ßß“π ·≈–§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπæ≈—ßß“π

§.».
Ú ÚÒ ÚÚ ÚÛ ÚÙ Úı
°≈ÿà¡æ≈—ßß“π∑’Ë Ò
ª√‘¡“≥«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫ (æ—πµ—π) Ò,ıÒ.˜˘Ùˆˆ Ò,ˆÚˆ.ˆÛÒ¯ Ò,¯Ò˘.ÙÙ˘Ù˘ Ò,˘ˆ˘.ÙÚ¯˘ Ú,ÒÚ.ıÚÚˆ Ú,ÒıÒ.˜ÒÒ˜Ò
 —¥ à«π°“√º≈‘µ .ˆÙÒ .ı˘¯ÛÙ .ˆÛÙˆ .ı˘ˆ¯Ù .ı˘ÙÒÙ .ı˘ÛıÚ
§«“¡‡¢â¡æ≈—ßß“π (kWh/kg) .˜ÛˆÚ .˜ÚˆÙ .˜Ò¯˜ .˜Ú˜ı .˜ÙÙÛ .˜ı˘¯
°≈ÿà¡æ≈—ßß“π∑’Ë Ú
ª√‘¡“≥«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫ (æ—πµ—π) Ò,ı.Ù¯˜ÛÙ Ò,˘Ò.˘Ú¯Ú Ò,Ò˘ı.ıı˜ıÒ Ò,ÛÛÒ.ÛÛÙÒ Ò,ÙÙ¯.ıÙ˘˘Ù Ò,Ù˜Û.ˆÛ˜Ú˘
 —¥ à«π°“√º≈‘µ .Û˘˘ı˘ .ÙÒˆˆ .Û˘ˆıÙ .ÙÛÒˆ .Ùı¯ˆ .ÙˆÙ¯
§«“¡‡¢â¡æ≈—ßß“π (kWh/kg) Ú.˘Ò˘˜ Ú.˘˘˘ Ú.¯¯Òˆ Ú.¯˜Ò Ú.¯˘Òˆ Ú.˘ˆ¯
ª√‘¡“≥«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (æ—πµ—π) Ú,ıÒˆ.Ú¯Ú Ú,˜Ò¯.ııÒ Û,Òı.˜ Û,Ú˘˘.˜ˆÛ Û,ıˆ˘.˜Ú Û,ˆÚı.ÛÙ˘
ª√‘¡“≥°“√∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π Û,Òˆˆ.Ùˆ˘˘ˆ Û,ÙÚˆ.ÒÛÚ¯ Û,˜˜Û.ıÙÚ Ù,Òˆ.ıııÙ¯ Ù,ıÚ.Ú˘ Ù,ı˘˜.¯ÚÛˆ
(Final energy, ʼnҹ kWh)
ª√‘¡“≥°“√∫√‘‚¿§æ≈—ßß“π Úı,ÛÛÒ.˜ı˘˜ Ú˜,Ù˘.ˆÚÙÛ Û,Ò¯¯.ÛÚÒˆ ÛÛ,Ú¯Ù.ÙÙÛ¯Ú Ûˆ,Òˆ.Òˆ˜ı Ûˆ,˜¯Ú.ı¯ÙÙ˘
ª∞¡¿Ÿ¡‘ (Primary Energy,
ʼnҹ MJ)
§«“¡‡¢â¡æ≈—ßß“π (Final) Ò.Úı¯Û˘ Ò.ÚˆÚ¯ Ò.ÚıÒı˘ Ò.Úˆ¯ˆ Ò.ÚˆˆÙÙ Ò.Úˆ¯ÚÙ
(kWh/kg)
§«“¡‡¢â¡æ≈—ßß“π (Final) ÛÚ.ıı˜˜˘ ÛÚ.˘˜ ÙÚ.Úıˆˆı ÛÚ.˜ÛÙÒ Úı.˘Ùˆ¯ ÚÙ.ÒÒÒ¯˘
(kWh/1,000 ∫“∑)
§«“¡‡¢â¡æ≈—ßß“π (Primary) Ò.ˆ˜ÒÙ Ò.¯ÚÚÛ Ò.ÒÚˆ˘ Ò.¯ˆ˘Ú Ò.ÒÛÒÙ˘ Ò.ÒÙı˘Ù
(MJ/kg)
§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿπà / —¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘æÏ ≈—ßß“π - Ò.ÚÒÚ .˘Ú˘¯Û Ò.¯ı˘Ù Ò.ı¯ı¯ Ò.˘Òˆ¯

Abstract Energy Efficiency in Plastic Product Industry

Sirichan Tongprasert
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Thailand

In order to classify the plastic products industry based on its energy efficiency, 14 industrial
processes of the industry were studied. According to its specific energy consumption, the
industrial processes can be classified into three groups; the processes which uniformly and
continuously consumed energy, the process which unevenly consumed energy according to
production cycle and the processes which combined both types of energy consumption.

Key words: plastic products industry, energy efficiency, industrial classification, industrial
process, specific energy consumption

»‘√‘®—π∑√å ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘∞
153
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

 «π “∏“√≥–* ‡¥™“ ∫ÿ≠§È”**

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
·¡â «π≈ÿ¡æ‘π®’ – √â“ß¡“µ—ßÈ ·µà ¡—¬ √—™°“≈∑’Ë ˜ ·µà «π “∏“√≥–∑’‡Ë °‘¥®“°§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õߪ√–™“™π
„π≈—°…≥–°“√„™â¥—ßªí®®ÿ∫—π‡æ‘Ë߇°‘¥ª√–¡“≥∑»«√√…∑’Ë ÚıÒ ®“°°“√‡√’¬°√âÕß∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õߪ√–™“™π
®ÿ ¥ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ 𠔧— ≠ ¢Õߪ√–«— µ‘ » “ µ√å   «π “∏“√≥–¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‡¡◊Ë Õ æ.». ÚıÒˆ ®“°°“√
æ√–√“™∑“π∑ÿπ∑√—æ¬å à«πæ√–Õߧå¢Õßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß «π “∏“√≥–„π∑’Ë¥‘π¢Õß
°“√√∂‰ø·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ §◊Õ «π®µÿ®—°√„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‚¥¬°“√√∂‰øœ ·≈–°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√√à«¡°—π √â“ß
‡∑‘¥æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘„π«“√–æ√–™π¡“¬ÿ Ù √Õ∫ π—∫®“°®ÿ¥π’È∑”„Àâ¡’ «π “∏“√≥–∑’Ë √â“߇æ◊ËÕ‡∑‘¥æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« ·≈–æ√–∫√¡«ß»“πÿ«ß»å ¥”‡π‘π¡“Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß®π∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—𠇙àπ  «π
 “∏“√≥–‡∑‘¥æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–∫√¡√“™™ππ’  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂
·≈–æ√–∫√¡«ß»“πÿ«ß»åæ√–ÕߧåÕ◊Ëπ º≈°√–∑∫ ”§—≠¢Õߪ√“°Ø°“√≥åπ’È¡’º≈„ÀâÀπ૬ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ
∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»À—π¡“ √â“ß «π “∏“√≥–√«¡∑—Èß «π ÿ¢¿“æ „π‡¢µª°§√ÕߢÕßµπ∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ °“√«“ß·ºπ·≈–ÕÕ°·∫∫ «π “∏“√≥–¬—߉¡à‡ªìπ∑’ˇ¢â“„®Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
Àπ૬ߓπ∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ¬—ß‰¡à¡’°“√π”¢âÕæ‘®“√≥“∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß¡“„™â„π°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫  √â“ß°—πµ“¡§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õß
ºŸâ √â“ßÀ√◊Õ¢ÕßÀπà«¬ß“π ‰¡à§”π÷ß∂÷ߧ«“¡µâÕß°“√∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ߢÕߺŸâ„™â «π  «π “∏“√≥–®÷߇°‘¥ª√–‚¬™πå
πâÕ¬°«à“∑’˧«√  «π “∏“√≥–∑’Ë¥’®–µâÕß¡’°“√«“ß·ºπ·≈–ÕÕ°·∫∫∑’ˉ¥â¡“µ√∞“ππ—π∑π“°“√·≈–°“√º—߇¡◊Õß
µâÕß¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑’Ë “¡“√∂√Õß√—∫ºŸâ„™â∑’ˇªìπ “∏“√≥™π ´÷Ëß®–‰¥â®“°°“√ ”√«®ºŸâ„™â «π (user survey)
πÕ°®“°π’È  «π “∏“√≥–„πªí®®ÿ∫π— ¬—ßµâÕß°“√°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫∑’‡Ë ªìπæ≈«—µ∑’ Ë “¡“√∂‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „À⺄Ÿâ ™â∑°ÿ °≈ÿ¡à Õ“¬ÿ
°≈ÿà¡√“¬‰¥â‡¢â“¡“„™â∑”°‘®°√√¡‰¥âÀ≈“°À≈“¬‚¥¬‰¡à√∫°«π´÷Ëß°—π·≈–°—π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°‘®°√√¡∑’ˇªî¥‚Õ°“ 
„Àâ ¡“™‘°§√Õ∫§√—« “¡“√∂¡“„™â «π “∏“√≥–‰¥âæ√âÕ¡°—π

§” ”§—≠ :  «π “∏“√≥–, π— π ∑π“°“√, °“√«“ß·ºπ·≈–ÕÕ°·∫∫ «π “∏“√≥–,  π“¡‡¥Á ° ‡≈à π ,

 «π “∏“√≥–„π™ÿ¡™π

* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ÚÙ  ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.». ÚıÙ˘.

** »‘≈ªîπ·Ààß™“µ‘  “¢“¿Ÿ¡‘ ∂“ªíµ¬°√√¡ æ.». ÚıÙ˘.

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
 «π “∏“√≥–
154

 «π “∏“√≥– (park À√◊ Õ
public park) À¡“¬∂÷ ß ∫√‘ ‡ «≥
 “∏“√≥–∑’Ë¿“§√—∞ ´÷Ëß à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ
Àπà«¬ß“πª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ë𠇙àπ
‡∑»∫“≈ Õߧ尓√∫√‘À“√ à«π®—ßÀ«—¥
(Õ∫®.) À√◊ÕÕߧ尓√∫√‘À“√ à«πµ”∫≈
(Õ∫µ.) ®—¥„À⇪ìπ∑’Ëæ—°ºàÕπÀ¬àÕπ„®
·°à ª √–™“™πµ“¡™ÿ ¡ ™π·≈–‡¡◊ Õ ß
µà“ß Ê ‚¥¬√—∞‡ªìπ‡®â“¢Õß·≈–‡ªìπ
ºŸ¥â ·Ÿ ≈√—°…“ ªí®®ÿ∫π— °“√®—¥∑’æË °— ºàÕπ
À¬àÕπ„®∂◊Õ‡ªìπÀπâ“∑’‚Ë ¥¬µ√ߢÕß√—∞
·µà   «π “∏“√≥–„𧫓¡À¡“¬π’È
Õ“®®—¥ √â“ß‚¥¬‡Õ°™π·≈â«Õÿ∑‘»„Àâ
·°àª√–™“™π°Á‰¥â
¥â “ π√Ÿ ª ·∫∫  «π “∏“√≥–
®–‡πâ π Àπ— ° °‘ ® °√√¡π— π ∑π“°“√
À√◊ Õ °“√æ— ° ºà Õ πÀ¬à Õ π„®‡∑à “ °— ∫
À√◊ Õ ¡“°°«à “ ¥â “ 𧫓¡ «¬ß“¡
´÷Ëß·∫à߉¥â‡ªìπ Ú °≈ÿà¡„À≠à ‰¥â·°à
°“√æ— ° ºà Õ πÀ√◊ Õ π— π ∑π“°“√·∫∫
ºàÕπ§≈“¬ (passive recreation) ·≈–
‡¥™“ ∫ÿ≠§È”
π— π ∑π“°“√·∫∫°√–©— ∫ °√–‡©ß
(active recreation) ª√°µ‘°‘®°√√¡
∑—Èß Ú ª√–‡¿∑π’È¡—°¢—¥·¬âß°—π °“√
®—¥·∫à߇¢µÀ√◊Õ‚´π®÷ß¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’°“√·∫àß‚´π‡¥Á¥¢“¥¡—°
 √â “ ߪí ≠ À“ ·≈–°“√°”Àπ¥™π‘ ¥
¢Õß°‘ ® °√√¡‡Õß°Á ¡— ° ¡’ ªí ≠ À“‰¡à
µ√ß°—∫§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢ÕߺŸâ„™â  «π
 “∏“√≥–∑’Ë¥’®÷ßµâÕß πÕߪ√–‚¬™πå
„™â   Õ¬·°à ºŸâ „ ™â  Ÿ ß  ÿ ¥ ·≈–µâ Õ ß «¬
ß“¡¥â«¬ ‡∑à“∑’˺à“π¡“°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫
 «π “∏“√≥–¡—° √â“ßµ“¡„®ºŸâ √â“ß
¡“°°«à“ºŸâ„™â °“√ÕÕ°·∫∫®÷ß¡’§«“¡
 ”§—≠
  « π ∑’Ë Õ “ ® ‰ ¡à π— ∫ ‡ ªì π   « π
 “∏“√≥–
 «π∫“ߪ√–‡¿∑·¡â ‡ ªî ¥ „Àâ
ª√–™“™π‡¢â“‰ª„™âø√’·µà°Á‰¡àπ—∫√«¡
‰«â „ πª√–‡¿∑¢Õß «π “∏“√≥–
„𧫓¡À¡“¬¢Õß∫∑§«“¡π’È ‡™àπ
155
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
 «π惰…»“ µ√å (botanic garden)
 «π√ÿ°¢™“µ‘ (arboretum) Õÿ∑¬“π
 “∏“√≥– (public garden)  «π πÿ°
(amusement park)  «π —µ«å (zoo-
logical garden) Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“µ‘
(national park) ·≈–«πÕÿ ∑ ¬“π
(forest park) √«¡∑—Èß·À≈àß ß«π
æ—π∏ÿ å µ— «åª“É (wildlife sanctuary) ·≈–
‡¢µÀâ“¡≈à“ —µ«åªÉ“ (non-hunting
area) ∑—Èßπ’È ‡π◊ËÕß®“° «πÀ√◊Õ ∂“π
∑’Ë¥—ß°≈à“«¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å‡©æ“–·≈–
¡’¢âÕ®”°—¥„π°“√„™âß“π ¡’°“√∫√‘À“√
®—¥°“√·≈–·À≈àßß∫ª√–¡“≥®—¥ √â“ß
·µ°µà“ß°—π πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’ ç «π
À¬àÕ¡é µ“¡∂ππÀ√◊Õ «π —µ«å®”≈Õß
µ“¡∫“∑«‘∂’µà“ß Ê ‡™àπ„π°√ÿ߇∑æ
¡À“π§√„π¬ÿ§ªí®®ÿ∫—π ∑’ˉ¡àπ—∫‡ªìπ
 «π “∏“√≥– ·µà∂◊Õ‡ªìπ‡ªìπæ◊Èπ∑’Ë
 ’‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇¡◊ÕßÀ√◊Õ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“߇հ-
≈—°…≥å¢Õ߇¡◊Õß
§«“¡‡ªìπ¡“¢Õß «π “∏“√≥–
 «π “∏“√≥–‡æ◊Ë Õ ¡«≈™π
„𧫓¡À¡“¬ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‡ªì π
§√—Èß·√°¢Õß‚≈°„πª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ…
„π™à « ß°“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ Õÿ µ  “À°√√¡
√–À«à“ߪ≈“¬ ¡—¬Õ¬ÿ∏¬“∂÷ßµâπ ¡—¬
√—µπ‚° ‘π∑√å °“√æ—≤π“Õÿµ “À°√√¡
∑”„Àâ · √ßß“π®“°™π∫∑Õæ¬æ¡“
∑”ß“π·≈–Õ¬Ÿà„π‡¡◊Õß°—πÕ¬à“ß·ÕÕ—¥
„π∫√‘‡«≥ ç ≈—¡é ∑’Ë¢“¥ ÿ¢≈—°…≥–
°√√¡°√‡À≈à“π’È∫ÿ°√ÿ°∑’Ë«à“߇ª≈à“‡æ◊ËÕ
æ— ° ºà Õ π·≈–‡≈à π °’ à “·≈–∫“ߧ√—È ß
≈ÿ°≈È”‡¢â“‰ª„™â çÕÿ∑¬“π À√◊Õ parké
 à«πµ—«¢Õߢÿππ“ß·≈–°…—µ√‘¬å·≈–
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
‡∫Õ√å‡°π‡Œ¥ ≈‘‡«Õ√åæŸ≈  «π “∏“√≥–∑’Ë √â“ߥ⫬‡ß‘π¿“…’∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ‡ªìπ·Ààß·√°¢Õß‚≈°
∂Ÿ°≈ß‚∑…Õ¬Ÿà‡π◊Õß Ê ®π≈ÿ°≈“¡‡ªìπ
®≈“®≈√ÿπ·√ߢ÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬ Ê ‡°‘¥°“√
‡√’ ¬ °√â Õ ß∑’Ë ° ≈“¬‡ªì π ç¢∫«π°“√
Õÿ∑¬“π‡æ◊ËÕª√–™“™πé (Peopleûs
Parks Movement) ∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡®“°°“√
¬Õ¡„Àâ ª √–™“™π‡¢â “ ‰ª„™â Õÿ ∑ ¬“π
Õ¬à“ß¡’‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢ ‰ª®π∂÷ß™à«ß∑’Ë¡’°“√
∫ÿ ° æ— ß √—È « ‡¢â “ ‰ª„™â Õÿ ∑ ¬“π‰Œ¥å À √◊ Õ
‰Œ¥å ª “√å ° (Hyde Park) ‡æ◊Ë Õ ∑”
°‘®°√√¡°“√æ—°ºàÕπµ“¡§«“¡æÕ„®
µ—Èß·µàπ—Èπ¡“Õÿ∑¬“πµà“ß Ê ∑’ˬա‡ªî¥
„Àâª√–™“™π‡¢â“‰ª„™â®–∂Ÿ°‡√’¬°«à“
çÕÿ∑¬“πª√–™“™πé À√◊Õ çpeopleûs
parké ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ·µ°µà“ßÕÿ∑¬“π¢Õß
¢ÿππ“ß·≈–°…—µ√‘¬å·≈–‰¥â°≈“¬‡ªìπ
Õÿ∑¬“πÀ√◊Õ «π “∏“√≥– (public
Ò
‡ø√‡¥√‘° ≈Õ«å ÕÕ≈å¡ ‡µ¥ (æ.». ÚÛˆı-ÚÙÙˆ) ¿Ÿ¡‘ ∂“ªπ‘°™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—πºŸâ‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°¬àÕ߇ªìπ∫‘¥“·Ààß¿Ÿ¡‘ ∂“ªíµ¬°√√¡ ¡—¬„À¡à
Ú
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–¡ß°ÿƇ°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«‡ ¥Á® «√√§µ„πª≈“¬ æ.». ÚÙˆ¯ (Úı 惻®‘°“¬π) ß“π ç‡Õ°´å‚ªé  ¬“¡√—∞æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±å®÷ß∂Ÿ°¬°‡≈‘°
 «π “∏“√≥–‡∫Õ√å‡°π‡Œµ
æ.». ÚÛ˘
park) „πªí®®ÿ∫—π
 «π “∏“√≥–‡∫Õ√å ‡ °π‡Œ¥
(Birkenhead Park) „°≈â ‡ ¡◊ Õ ß
≈‘‡«Õ√åæŸ≈„πª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ…π—∫‡ªìπ
 «π “∏“√≥–·Àà ß ·√°¢Õß‚≈°∑’Ë
 √â “ ߥ⠫ ¬‡ß‘ π ¿“…’ ¢ Õߪ√–™“™π
‡ªî¥„™â‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚÛ˘ ®“°π—Èπ¡“
·π«§‘¥°“√®—¥∑” «π “∏“√≥–‰¥â
·æ√àÀ≈“¬‰ªµ“¡‡¡◊Õß„À≠à Ê ∑—«Ë ‚≈°
√«¡∑—È ß ç‡´π∑√— ≈ ª“√å ° é „ππ§√
π‘ « ¬Õ√å ° (ÕÕ°·∫∫‚¥¬‡ø√‡¥√‘ °
≈Õ«å ÕÕ≈å¡ ‡µ¥Ò æ.». ÚÙÒ „™â
‡«≈“ √â“ß¡“°°«à“ Ò ªï) ªí®®ÿ∫—π
 «π “∏“√≥–‰¥â°≈“¬‡ªìπ “∏“√-
≥Ÿ ª °“√¡“µ√∞“π„π°“√«“ß·ºπ
·≈–æ—≤π“‡¡◊Õß∑—Ë«‚≈°
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
156
 «π “∏“√≥–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπ —ߧ¡‡°…µ√-
°√√¡¡“·µà‚∫√“≥ ·¡â„π‡¡◊Õß°Á¬—ß¡’
∑’Ë‚≈àß«à“߉¡à·ÕÕ—¥¡“° ®÷߉¡à¡’§«“¡
µâ Õ ß°“√ «π “∏“√≥– ¥— ß §«“¡
À¡“¬ªí®®ÿ∫—π Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ æ√–∫“∑
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–¡ß°ÿƇ°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«‰¥â
æ√–√“™∑“π∑’Ë¥‘π Ûˆ ‰√à ≥ ∑ÿàß
»“≈“·¥ß ”À√— ∫ ®— ¥ ß“π ¬“¡√— ∞
æ‘ æ‘ ∏ ¿— ≥ ±å ‡ æ◊Ë Õ · ¥ß ‘ π §â “ ·≈–
‡º¬·æ√à°‘®°“√∫â“π‡¡◊Õ߇¡◊ËÕ æ.».
ÚÙˆ¯ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ‡ √Á®ß“π„Àâ®—¥‡ªìπ
ç«π “∏“√≥–é „Àâ ª √–™“™π„™â
æ— ° ºà Õ πÕ¬à “ ßµà “ ߪ√–‡∑» Ú ·≈–
æ√–√“™∑“π™◊ËÕ«à“ ç «π≈ÿ¡æ‘π’é ®÷ß
∂◊Õ«à“ «π≈ÿ¡æ‘𒇪ìπ «π “∏“√≥–
·Ààß·√°¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ·¡â°àÕπ
Àπâ “ π—È π ®–¡’ ° “√ √â “ ßÕÿ ∑ ¬“πÀ√◊ Õ
 «πÀ≈“¬·Ààß¡“°àÕ𠇙àπ  «π¥ÿ ‘µ
 «π ÿ π— π ∑“ Õÿ ∑ ¬“π √“≠√¡¬å
·µà ‰ ¡à ∂◊ Õ ‡ªì π  «π “∏“√≥–  ¡— ¬
√— ™ °“≈∑’Ë ˜-¯ ‡»√…∞°‘ ® µ°µË”
∑—Ë«‚≈°·≈–¡’ ß§√“¡‚≈°§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú
®÷߉¡à¡’°“√ √â“ß «π “∏“√≥–À√◊Õ
Õÿ∑¬“π‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ Õ’°
 «π≈ÿ ¡ æ‘ π’ ¡ “‡√‘Ë ¡ °à Õ  √â “ ß„π
 ¡—¬√—™°“≈∑’Ë ˜ ¥Ÿ·≈‚¥¬°√¡π§√“∑√
(°√¡‚¬∏“∏‘°“√·≈–º—߇¡◊Õßªí®®ÿ∫π— )
µà Õ ¡“‰¥â ‚ Õπ„Àâ ‡ ∑»∫“≈π§√°√ÿ ß -
‡∑æœ „π ¡—¬π—Èπ °“√„™â «π≈ÿ¡æ‘π’
„π™à«ß·√° Ê ¡’°“√„™âÕ¬à“ߺ‘¥«—µ∂ÿ
 «π “∏“√≥–

 «π≈ÿ¡æ‘π’ æ.». ÚıÒÙ
ª√– ß§å°—π¡“° ‡™àπ „™â‡ªìπ∑’Ë®—¥
ß“πµà“ß Ê √«¡∑—Èß„™â‡ªìπ∑’Ë √â“ß‚√ß
‰øøÑ“™à«ßÀ≈—ߠߧ√“¡ ‚√߇√’¬π∑—Èß
‰∑¬·≈–®’π „À⇙à“∑”¿—µµ“§“√∑—Èß
∫π∫°·≈–„ππÈ” ºŸâ„™â∑’Ë„™â «π‡æ◊ËÕ
æ—°ºàÕπÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬®√‘ß Ê ®—ß Ê
¡—°‡ªìπ™“«µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ¡’§π‰∑¬
®”π«ππâ Õ ¬∑’Ë „ ™â ·≈–¡— ° ‡ªì π §π
¬“°®π¡“„™â ‡ ªì π ∑’Ë æ— ° πÕπ·≈–À“
√“¬‰¥â®“°°“√¢“¬¢Õß·≈–„Àâ‡™à“‡ ◊ÕË
 à « π§π‰∑¬∑’Ë ¡’ Õ— π ®–°‘ π ¡— ° ‡¢â “ ‰ª
„™â ¿— µ µ“§“√ °“√„™â „ π∑“ß∑’Ë º‘ ¥
∑”„Àâ   «π≈ÿ ¡ æ‘ π’ ∑ √ÿ ¥ ‚∑√¡ πÈ” ‡πà “
‰¡àª≈Õ¥¿—¬ ‰¡à‡À¡“–°—∫°“√‡ªìπ
 «π “∏“√≥–µ“¡§«“¡µâ Õ ß°“√
¢Õß —ߧ¡∑’ˇª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ª
‡¥™“ ∫ÿ≠§È”
∑ÿàß»“≈“·¥ß æ.». ÚÙÙ
®“°∑ÿßà »“≈“·¥ß‡¡◊ÕË ª√–¡“≥ æ.». ÚÙÙ
(·ºπ∑’Ë°√¡·ºπ∑’Ë)  Ÿà «π≈ÿ¡æ‘π’‡¡◊ËÕ æ.».
ÚıÒÙ (¿“æ∂à“¬°√¡·ºπ∑’Ë∑À“√) ·≈–
ªí®®ÿ∫—π (¿“æ∂à“¬¥“«‡∑’¬¡¥‘®‘∑—≈‚°≈∫
¢Õß°Ÿ‡°‘≈‡Õ‘√å∑
 «π≈ÿ¡æ‘π’ æ.». ÚıÙ˘
ª√–¡“≥ æ.». ÚıÒÙ ‡∑»∫“≈
π§√À≈«ß‰¥â µ—È ß °√√¡°“√ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß
 «π≈ÿ¡æ‘π’¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√¡’‡ ’¬ß
‡√’¬°√âÕß®“°ª√–™“™π·≈–Õߧå°√
‡Õ°™π µàÕ¡“‡∑»∫“≈œ ®÷߇√‘Ë¡„Àâ
§«“¡ ”§— ≠ „π°“√®— ¥ ‡æ‘Ë ¡  «π
 “∏“√≥– ‡™àπ °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß ∂“π
‡æ“–™”Ωíòß∏π∫ÿ√’„À⇪ìπ «π∏π∫ÿ√’-
√¡¬å ª√—∫ª√ÿßÕÿ∑¬“π √“≠√¡¬å∑’Ë
∂Ÿ°„™â‡ªìπ∑’Ë∑”°“√¢Õߧ≥–√“…Æ√
·≈–∑’Ë ®— ¥ ß“π«™‘ √ “«ÿ ∏ √«¡∑—È ß °“√
ª√—∫ª√ÿß «π “∏“√≥–æ√–π§√‡¥‘¡
∑’Ë≈“¥°√–∫—ß∑’Ë¡’ ¿“æ∑√ÿ¥‚∑√¡„Àâ
¡’ ¿“æ„™âß“π‰¥â ·µàß“π à«π„À≠à
‡πâ π °“√ √â “ ßÕ¬à “ ß ç «πÀ¬à Õ ¡é
´÷Ë߉¡à∂◊Õ‡ªìπ «π “∏“√≥–  ”À√—∫
157
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
µà “ ß®— ß À«— ¥ ‡∑»∫“≈µà “ ß Ê ‡√‘Ë ¡
µ◊Ë π µ— «  √â “ ß «π “∏“√≥–¡“°¢÷È π
‡™àπ °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ√ÿ∫“‚°¬ ®—ßÀ«—¥
¬–≈“ „À⇪ìπ «π “∏“√≥– ¡’°“√
 √â“ß·≈–ª√—∫ª√ÿß∑’Ë«à“ß„À⇪ìπ «π
 “∏“√≥–„π®—ßÀ«—¥Õ◊Ëπ Ê À≈“¬·Ààß
π—∫‰¥â«à“„π™à«ß Û ªï∑’˺à“π¡“¡’°“√
 √â“ß «π “∏“√≥–‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ∑—Ë«
ª√–‡∑»·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡√«¥‡√Á«π—∫®“°«“√–
∑√߇®√‘≠æ√–™π¡“¬ÿ Ù √Õ∫
¢∫«π°“√Õÿ ∑ ¬“π‡æ◊Ë Õ ¡«≈™π
( «π “∏“√≥–) ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬°Á ¡’ ç¢∫«π°“√
Õÿ∑¬“π‡æ◊ËÕ¡«≈™πé ‡™àπ°—π ·µà¡’
≈—°…≥–‡©æ“–‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπª√–‡∑»Õ◊Ëπ
„¥„π‚≈° §◊Õ‡°‘¥¥â«¬æ√–√“™¥”√‘
·≈–æ√–∫“√¡’¢Õßæ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬å
·≈–æ√–∫√¡«ß»“πÿ«ß»å
π—∫‡ªìπ‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ ı ªï
À≈—ß°“√æ√–√“™∑“π∑’Ë¥‘π∑ÿàß»“≈“
·¥ß ‡π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë Ûˆ ‰√à ¢Õßæ√–∫“∑
 ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–¡ß°ÿ Æ ‡°≈â “ ‡®â “ Õ¬Ÿà À— «
‡æ◊Ë Õ  √â “ ß ¬“¡√— ∞ æ‘ æ‘ ∏ ¿— ≥ ±å · ≈–
ç«π “∏“√≥–„Àâ ª √–™“™π„™â ‡ ªì π
∑’Ëæ—°ºàÕπé
‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë Ú °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å ÚıÒˆ
‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ ˘.Ù π. ∑à“¡°≈“ß
‡ ’ ¬ ߇√’ ¬ °√â Õ ßÀ“ «π “∏“√≥–∑’Ë
‰√âº≈¢Õß “∏“√≥™π À¡àÕ¡À≈«ß
∑«’ —πµå ≈¥“«—≈¬å ‰¥â‚∑√»—æ∑å·®âß
°“√√∂‰ø·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬§«“¡«à“
çæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√ß¡’
æ√–√“™¥”√‘«à“ æ√–Õߧ塒æ√–√“™-
∑√—æ¬åÕ¬Ÿà ®”π«π Ò,, ∫“∑
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

∑√ß¡’ æ√–√“™ª√– ß§å®– √â“ß «π
 “∏“√≥– —°·Ààß„π∫√‘‡«≥°√ÿ߇∑æ
¡À“π§√ ‡æ◊Ë Õ ª√–™“™π‰¥â „ ™â ‡ ªì π
∑’Ëæ—°ºàÕπ„π¬“¡«à“ß ∑√߇ÀÁπ«à“°“√
√∂‰øœ ¡’æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¡“° ‡™àπ ¬à“πæÀ≈-
‚¬∏‘π ®÷ß„§√à¢Õ„Àâ°“√√∂‰øœ ‰¥â
æ‘®“√≥“·≈–„À⧫“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π¥â“π
π’ȥ⫬éÛ °“√√∂‰øœ ®÷߉¥â®—¥∑’Ë¥‘π
®”π«π ˘Û ‰√à ∑’Ë„™â∑”‡ªìπæ‘æ‘∏-
¿—≥±å√∂‰øÕ¬Ÿà·≈â«®—¥ √â“ß «π ´÷Ëß
µàÕ¡“§◊Õ  «π®µÿ®—°√ ∑’Ë°“√√∂‰øœ
·≈–‡∑»∫“≈π§√À≈«ß √à«¡°—π √â“ß ¿“æ´â“¬ ¿“æ∂à“¬∑“ßÕ“°“»∑’Ë¥‘π°“√√∂‰ø‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚıÒÙ ´÷Ë߬—ß«à“߇ª≈à“ ‚ª√¥
‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡©≈‘ ¡ æ√–‡°’ ¬ √µ‘ „ π«“√–æ√–  —߇°µÀâ“ß √√æ ‘π§â“‡´Áπ∑√—≈·≈–µ≈“¥π—¥®µÿ®—°√
™π¡“¬ÿ§√∫ Ù √Õ∫ ´÷ËßµàÕ¡“¡’°“√ ¿“梫“ ¿“æ∂à“¬¥“«‡∑’¬¡ æ.». ÚıÙ˘  «π®µÿ®—°√‡π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë Ò˘ ‰√à √Ÿª¬“«¢π“π
¢¬“¬æ◊Èπ∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡Õ’° Ò ‰√à „π ¡—¬ ∂ππæÀ≈‚¬∏‘π (√.˘ Ù √Õ∫ æ.». ÚıÒ¯)  «π ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“œ √Ÿª
∑à“πºŸâÀ≠‘߇≈Õ»—°¥‘Ï  ¡∫—µ‘ ‘√‘ ‡ªìπ ç é ‡π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë ÚÙ ‰√à ( ¡‡¥Á®œ ı √Õ∫ æ.». ÚıÛı) ·≈– «π«™‘√‡∫≠®∑—»
√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ «à “ °“√°√–∑√«ß§¡π“§¡
‡π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë Û˜ı ‰√à ( ¡‡¥Á®æ√–∫√¡œ ı æ√√…“)
„π√—∞∫“≈ π“¬∏“π‘π∑√å °√—¬«‘‡™’¬√

¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷ßÕ“®°≈à“«‰¥â«à“ «π ‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚıÚÛ ¡’ ° “√‡√‘Ë ¡  ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–∫√¡√“™‘ π’ π “∂ (æ.».‹

®µÿ®—°√§◊Õ®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡¢Õߢ∫«π°“√ «π
 “∏“√≥– ¡—¬„À¡à¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬
·≈–‡°‘ ¥ ®“°æ√–√“™¥”√‘ ‚ ¥¬·∑â
∑”„À⇰‘¥·√ß∫—π¥“≈„®„Àâ¡’°“√ √â“ß
 «π “∏“√≥–Õ’°¡“°¡“¬À≈“¬·Ààß
∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—°ºàÕπÀ¬àÕπ„®
¢Õߪ√–™“™πÕ¬à “ ß·∑â ® √‘ ß „π‡«≈“
µàÕ¡“ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π«“√– ”§—≠‡°’ˬ«
°— ∫ æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–‡®â “ Õ¬Ÿà À— «
 ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–∫√¡√“™™ππ’  ¡‡¥Á ®
æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂ ·≈– ¡‡¥Á®æ√–
∫√¡‚Õ√ “∏‘√“™œ  ¬“¡¡°ÿÆ√“™-
°ÿ¡“√
∑¬Õ¬ √â “ ß «π ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–»√’ -
π§√‘ π ∑√å µ “¡‡¢µ°“√»÷ ° …“µà “ ß Ê
‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“ Ò ·Ààß ‚¥¬‡√‘Ë¡µâπ∑’Ë
®—ßÀ«—¥»√’ –‡°… πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’
Àπà « ¬¢Õß√— ∞ ·≈–∑â Õ ß∂‘Ë π √«¡∑—È ß
Õߧå°√‡Õ°™πµà“ß√à«¡¡◊Õ√à«¡„®°—π
 √â“ß «π “∏“√≥–·≈– «π ÿ¢¿“æ
¡“°¡“¬∑—Ë « ª√–‡∑»‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡∑‘ ¥ æ√–
‡°’¬√µ‘ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–∫√¡√“™™ππ’ „π
«“√–æ√–™π¡“¬ÿ§√∫ ¯ æ√√…“
„π«“√–¡À“¡ß§≈æ√–™π¡“¬ÿ
ˆ æ√√…“¢Õß∑—Èßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« (æ.».‹ ÚıÛ) ·≈–
ÚıÛı) °Á ‰ ¥â ¡’ ° “√ √â “ ß «π
 “∏“√≥–∑’Ë  ”§— ≠ ·≈– «¬ß“¡Õ’ °
À≈“¬·Àà ß ‡™à π  «πÀ≈«ß √.˘
Õÿ ∑ ¬“π‡∫≠® ‘ √‘  «π ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–
π“߇®â“ ‘√‘°‘µ‘Ï  «π√¡≥’π“∂  «π
‡∫≠®°‘µ‘ (∫÷߬“ Ÿ∫)  «π —𵑙—¬
ª√“°“√ √«¡∑—Èß «π¿—∑√¡À“√“™‘π’
∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥ ÿæ√√≥∫ÿ√’ ·≈–„π«“√–∑’Ë
∑√߇®√‘ ≠ æ√–™π¡“¬ÿ ˜Ú æ√√…“
(æ.». ÚıÙÚ) °Á‰¥â¡’°“√ √â“ß «π
 “∏“√≥–Õ’ ° ‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡©≈‘ ¡ æ√–‡°’ ¬ √µ‘
ˆ √Õ∫‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“° ‡™àπ ∑’ˇ™‘ß
 –æ“πæ√–√“¡ ˘ Ωíòßæ√–π§√·≈–

Û
‚ª√¥¥Ÿ¿“§ºπ«°

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
 «π “∏“√≥–
158

∫π  «πÀ≈«ß √.˘  «π “∏“√≥‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘æ√–∫“∑
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« „π‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë∑√߇®√‘≠æ√–™π¡“¬ÿ
ˆ æ√√…“ æ.». ÚıÛ
¢«“ Õÿ∑¬“π‡∫≠® ‘√‘‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂
„π‚Õ°“ ∑’∑Ë √߇®√‘≠æ√–™π¡“¬ÿ ˆ æ√√…“ æ.». ÚıÛı
„π∑’Ë Õ◊Ë π Ê À≈“¬·Ààß √«¡∑—Èß «π
 “∏“√≥–‡™‘ß –æ“πæ√–√“¡ ¯ ·≈–
 «π«™‘√‡∫≠®∑—» ∑—Èßπ’Ȭ—߉¡àπ—∫∂÷ß
µà“ß®—ßÀ«—¥∑’Ë∑—È߇∑»∫“≈·≈–Õߧ尓√
∫√‘ À “√ à « π®— ß À«— ¥  √â “ ߇æ◊Ë Õ ‡©≈‘ ¡
æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘„π«“√–µà“ß Ê √«¡·≈â«
πà “ ®–¡’   «π “∏“√≥–∑—È ß ‡≈Á ° ·≈–
„À≠à √ «¡∑—È ß  «π ÿ ¢ ¿“æ∑’Ë  ◊ ∫ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß
®“°æ√–√“™¥”√‘·≈–®“°§«“¡®ß√—°
¿—°¥’¢Õߪ√–™“™π∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» ´÷Ëß
πà“®–¡“°°«à“ Ò ·Ààß
°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈–°“√«“ß·ºπ
 «π “∏“√≥– ¡“µ√∞“π
 «π “∏“√≥–®—¥‡ªìπ ç “∏“√-
≥Ÿª°“√é ¢Õ߇¡◊Õß∑’Ë®—¥ √â“ߥ⫬
Ù
À¡“¬∂÷ßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë ’‡¢’¬«∑’Ë°ÆÀ¡“¬º—߇¡◊Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ∫—ߧ—∫„À⇫âπ«à“߉«â
‡¥™“ ∫ÿ≠§È”
‡ß‘π¿“…’Õ“°√‚¥¬¿“§√—∞ π—∫‡ªìπ
π— π ∑π ∂“π‡æ◊Ë Õ √Õß√— ∫ °“√„™â „ π
™’«‘µª√–®”«—π ·≈–/À√◊Õ ™’«‘µª√–®”
 —ª¥“Àå ·≈–‚¥¬∑’ˇ¡◊Õß¡’§«“¡·ÕÕ—¥
·≈– — ß §¡¡’ § «“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¡“°
°«à“¬ÿ§°àÕπ Ê  «π “∏“√≥–´÷ËßµâÕß
„™â ‡ ß‘ π ß∫ª√–¡“≥ Ÿ ß ®÷ ß ¡— ° ª√– ∫
§«“¡≈⡇À≈«„π°“√„™âß“π∫àÕ¬¢÷Èπ
´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ª√“°Ø°“√≥å ª √°µ‘ ∑—È ß ‚≈°
¥— ß π—È π °“√ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈–«“ß·ºπ
®÷ ß ¡’ § «“¡ ”§— ≠ ·≈–¡’ ¢â Õ æ‘ ® “√≥“
¡“°¢÷Èπ ´÷ËßÕ“® √ÿª‰¥â¥—ßπ’È
‚¥¬∑—Ë « ‰ª °“√º— ß ‡¡◊ Õ ß¡— °
°”Àπ¥¡“µ√∞“π¥â“π°“√«“ß·ºπ
159
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
·≈–ÕÕ°·∫∫„π¥â “ πµà “ ß Ê ¢Õß
 ∂“π∑’æË °— ºàÕπÀ¬àÕπ„®‰«â ¡“µ√∞“π
¥— ß °≈à “ «¢Õß·µà ≈ –ª√–‡∑»®–‰¡à
‡À¡◊ Õ π°— π ¢÷È π Õ¬Ÿà °— ∫ ¢π“¥ §«“¡
Àπ“·πàπ·≈–≈—°…≥–ª√–™“°√¢Õß
ª√–‡∑»À√◊Õ‡¡◊Õßπ—Èπ Ê
• ª√‘ ¡ “≥ ‰¥â · °à ¡ “µ√∞“π
®”π«π‡π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë ”À√—∫æ—°ºàÕπÀ¬àÕπ
„®∑’Ë√«¡ ∑’ˇ«âπ«à“ß ’‡¢’¬«Ù ¢Õ߇¡◊Õß
(recreation and open space) ‚¥¬
√«¡µàÕ®”π«πª√–™“°√ ‡™àπ Úı ‰√à
µàÕª√–™“°√ Ò, §π ·≈– Ú.ı ‰√à
µàÕª√–™“°√ ¯ §π ”À√—∫ π“¡
‡≈à π °’ à “·≈– π“¡‡¥Á ° ‡≈à 𠵓¡
™ÿ ¡ ™π∑—Ë « ‰ª¢Õß À√— ∞ œ ´÷Ë ß „π·µà
≈–√— ∞ °Á ‰ ¡à ‡ ∑à “ °— π  ”À√— ∫ ª√–‡∑»
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
º— ß · ¥ß°“√°√–®“¬µ— « ¢Õß «π
 “∏“√≥–√–¥—∫™ÿ¡™π (Community)
·≈–√–¥—∫‡¢µ (District) µ“¡√–¬–‡¢â“
∂÷ß·∫∫Õÿ¥¡§µ‘¢Õß√–∫∫ «π “∏“√≥–
„π°√ÿ ß ‡∑æ¡À“π§√´÷Ë ß ‡ªì 𠉪‰¥â ¬ “°
„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ëæ—≤π“·≈â«
‡¥™“ ∫ÿ≠§È” Ò˘˜
‰∑¬  ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√æ—≤π“
‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡œ ‰¥â‡§¬°”Àπ¥
æ◊È π ∑’Ë æ— ° ºà Õ π‚¥¬√«¡ ”À√— ∫ ª√–-
‡∑»‰∑¬‰«â ∑’Ë Ò ‰√à µà Õ ª√–™“°√
Ò, §π µ“¡¢â Õ ‡ πÕ ”À√— ∫
„™â°—∫º—߇¡◊Õß°√ÿ߇∑æœ ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“
纗ß≈‘∑™åøî≈¥åéı (æ.». Úı) ´÷Ë ß
µàÕ¡“‰¥â¡’À≈“¬Àπ૬ߓπ𔉪„™â
‡™àπ  ”π—°º—߇¡◊Õß∑—ÈߢÕß°√–∑√«ß
¡À“¥‰∑¬·≈–¢Õß°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√
ı
º—߇¡◊Õß©∫—∫·√°¢Õ߇∑»∫“≈π§√À≈«ß®—¥∑”‚¥¬∫√‘…—∑∑’˪√÷°…“≈‘∑™åøî≈¥å ‰«∑嵑߷≈–‚∫≈≈å 𑫬Õ√å° æ.». ÚÙ˘˘ ‚¥¬‡ß‘π™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ¢ÕßÕߧå°√
„À⧫“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ·Ààß À√—∞œ (USAID À√◊Õ USOM ‡¥‘¡)  ¡∑∫°—∫ß∫ª√–¡“≥¢Õß√—∞∫“≈ ‡ªìπ·ºπ√–¬–¬“« Û ªï æ.». ÚıÛ-ÚıÛÛ.
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ „𧫓¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß º—߇¡◊Õß ·≈–∑’Ë ‡ ≈à π °’ à “∂◊ Õ ‡ªì π ¿“§∫— ß §— ∫
°√ÿ߇∑æœ ©∫—∫ª√—∫ª√ÿß„À¡à∑”‰¥â ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°æ∫«à “ Õ— µ √“°“√ªÉ « ¬‡ªì π
‡æ’¬ß Ò.¯ ‰√àµÕà ª√–™“°√ Ò, §π «—≥‚√§·≈–Õ“™≠“°√√¡√Õ∫ Ê  «π
πÕ°®“°°“√„™â®”π«π‰√àµÕà ª√–™“°√  “∏“√≥–∑’Ë ¡’   π“¡‡¥Á ° ‡≈à π ·≈–
Ò, §π·≈â« ∫“ßÀπ૬ߓπÕ“®  π“¡°’Ó„π‡¡◊Õß·ÕÕ—¥¡’πâÕ¬°«à“
°”Àπ¥¡“µ√∞“π‡ªìπ 絓√“߇¡µ√  «π “∏“√≥–ª√–‡¿∑ «¬ß“¡‡ªìπ
µàÕ§πé ·µà‰¡àπ‘¬¡„™â ∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« ·µà„πªí®®ÿ∫—π
• ≈”¥—∫»—°¬å À√◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑ À≈—° ”§—≠„π°“√°”Àπ¥ ‘ËßÕ”π«¬
·∫à ß ‡ªì π  «π “∏“√≥–√–¥— ∫ ¿“§ §«“¡ –¥«°Õ¬Ÿà∑’˧«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬
(regional park) ‰¥â·°à «π “∏“√≥– ·≈–§«“¡‡ªì π Õ‡π°ª√– ß§å ∑’Ë ® –
∑’Ë ¡’ æ◊È π ∑’Ë ¢ 𓥄À≠à ¡ “°∑’Ë „ ™â √à « ¡  “¡“√∂ πÕßµÕ∫µàÕºŸâ„™â «π‚¥¬
°—π‰¥âÀ≈“¬®—ßÀ«—¥ √–¥—∫¡À“π§√ √«¡‰¥â¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √«¡∑—Èß°“√¡’ π“¡
(metropolitan park)  ”À√—∫ª√–- ‡≈àπ°’Ó·≈– π“¡‡¥Á°‡≈àπ
™“™π∑—È ß ¡À“π§√·≈–À≈—Ë π ≈߇ªì π • ¢π“¥·≈–°“√°√–®“¬
√–¥—∫‡¡◊Õß (city park) √–¥—∫¬à“πÀ√◊Õ ¢π“¥¢Õß «π„π·µà ≈ –ª√–‡¿∑®–
Õ”‡¿Õ (district park) √–¥—∫™ÿ¡™π
(community park) ®π∂÷ ß √–¥— ∫
≈–·«°∫â“π (neighborhood park)
√«¡∂÷ß π“¡‡¥Á°‡≈àπ„À≠à‡≈Á° ¡’°“√
°”Àπ¥¡“µ√∞“π¢π“¥‡π◊È Õ ∑’Ë · ≈–
√–¬–∑“ß¡“„™â   «π„π·µà ≈ –√–¥— ∫
√«¡∑—Èߪ√–‡¿∑¢Õß°‘®°√√¡„π «π
•  ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«° „π
·µà≈–≈”¥—∫™—Èπ¢Õß «π “∏“√≥–®–
¡’°“√°”Àπ¥ ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°
 ”À√— ∫ °‘ ® °√√¡°“√æ— ° ºà Õ π„π√Ÿ ª
·∫∫µà“ß Ê °“√∑’Ë®–‡√’¬°‡ªìπ «π
 “∏“√≥–‰¥âπ—Èπ ®–µâÕß®—¥„Àâ¡’Õߧå
ª√–°Õ∫∑’˵√ß°—∫§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õß
ç “∏“√≥™πé ‰¥â·°à °≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ °≈ÿà¡ º—ßÀ≈—° «π “∏“√≥–‚¥¬ ç≈‘∑™åøî≈¥åé
√“¬‰¥â §«“¡π‘¬¡ œ≈œ  ¡—¬Àπ÷Ëß æ.». ÚıÛ-ÚıÛÛ · ¥ß¢π“¥·≈–
„π¬ÿ‚√ª·≈– À√—∞œ  π“¡‡¥Á°‡≈àπ µ”·ÀπàߢÕß «π “∏“√≥–
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
 «π “∏“√≥–
160

¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫¢π“¥¢Õß ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡
 –¥«°∑’Ë∫√√®ÿÕ¬Ÿà„ππ—Èπ ·µà„𧫓¡
‡ªìπ®√‘ß ¢π“¥¢Õß «π°≈—∫Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë«à“
®–À“‰¥â∑’Ë¥‘π‰¥â¡“°πâÕ¬‡∑à“„¥ ‚¥¬
‡©æ“– «π √â“ß„À¡à„π‡¢µ‡¡◊Õß∑’Ë¡’
∑’Ë¥‘π√“§“·æß ª√°µ‘ «π “∏“√≥–
®— ¥ ‡ªì π ç°“√„™â ∑’Ë ¥‘ π é Ò „π ˜
ª√–‡¿∑„πß“πº— ß ‡¡◊ Õ ß∑’Ë ® –µâ Õ ß¡’
°“√®— ¥ ‡µ√’ ¬ ¡≈à « ßÀπâ “ ¢π“¥¢Õß
 «π√–¥—∫≈–·«°∫â“π®÷ß¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°
‰¥â ·µàµâÕß “¡“√∂®—¥„Àâ¡’∫√‘‡«≥
‡¥Á ° ‡≈à π À√◊ Õ  π“¡‡¥Á ° ‡≈à π  ”À√— ∫
‡¥Á°«—¬·√°‡°‘¥∂÷ß ¯ ¢«∫ ¡’∑’Ëπ—Ëßæ—°
 ∫“¬ Ê ∑‘«∑—»π奒 ª≈Õ¥¿—¬ ”À√—∫
ºŸâª°§√Õß∑’Ë擇¥Á°¡“·≈–ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
´÷ËßÕ“®„™âæ◊Èπ∑’Ë‡æ’¬ß Ò µ“√“ß«“
¢÷Èπ‰ª ∑’ˇ¥Á°À√◊Õ§π™√“‡¥‘π¡“„™â
‡Õ߉¥â
• „π∑”πÕ߇¥’ ¬ «°— π  «π
 “∏“√≥–√–¥—∫¡À“π§√®–µâÕß„À≠à
ˆ
Birkenhead park ‡ªìπ «π “∏“≥–·Ààß·√°¢Õß‚≈°∑’Ë √â“ߢ÷Èπ‡ªìπ°“√‡©æ“–‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚÛ˘ ‚¥¬„™â‡ß‘π¿“…’Õ“°√®—¥´◊ÈÕ∑’Ë¥‘π¢π“¥ ıˆÚ ‰√à
π”¡“„™â √â“ß «π “∏“√≥– ÛÒÚ ‰√à ∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ Úı ‰√àæ—≤𓇪ìπ∑’Ëæ—°Õ“»—¬¢“¬ª√–™“™π∑—Ë«‰ª
‡¥™“ ∫ÿ≠§È”
º—ß· ¥ßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë°“√„Àâ∫√‘°“√·°àºŸâ„™â «π
 “∏“√≥–‚¥¬√Õ∫„π√–¬–‡¥‘ π ¢Õß
Õÿ∑¬“π‡∫≠® ‘√‘´÷Ëß®—¥‡ªìπ «π “∏“√≥–
„π√–¥—∫™ÿ¡™π (Community Park)
‚ª√¥ —߇°µ™ÿ¡™π∑’ËÕ¬ŸàπÕ°‡¢µ ’ ·¡â®–
¥Ÿ«à“„°≈â ·µà„𧫓¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß∂◊Õ«à“Õ¬Ÿà‰°≈
‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¡à “¡“√∂‡¢â“∂÷߉¥â µâÕ߇¥‘π
∑“ßÕâ Õ ¡À√◊ Õ ∂Ÿ ° ¢«“ߥ⠫ ¬∂π𠔧— ≠
¥—ßπ—Èπ √–¬–‡«≈“‡¥‘π∑“ß®÷߇ªìπ‡°≥±å∑’Ë¡’
§«“¡ ”§—≠°«à“√–¬–∑“ß∫π·ºπ∑’Ë
‡¥™“ ∫ÿ≠§È” ÚıÛı
æÕ ”À√—∫°‘®°√√¡∑’ Ë «π√–¥—∫√Õß Ê
≈߉ª®—¥„Àâ‰¡à‰¥â ‡™àπ æ◊Èπ∑’Ë»÷°…“
∏√√¡™“µ‘ Õ“§“√∑”°‘®°√√¡ ∫√‘‡«≥
ªî°π‘° ∑’ˇ≈àπ°’Ó„À≠à Ê ‡™àπ  π“¡
øÿµ∫Õ≈  π“¡‡∑ππ‘ À√◊Õ √–«à“¬
πÈ”¢π“¥„À≠à √«¡∑—Èß √–πÈ”À√◊Õ∫÷ß
∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈–‡ âπ∑“ß®—°√¬“π´÷Ëß„™â
∑ÿ° —ª¥“ÀåÀ√◊Õπ“π Ê §√—Èß ”À√—∫
ª√–™“™π∑—È߇¡◊Õß„À≠à  «π«™‘√-
‡∫≠®∑—» ( π“¡°Õ≈åø√∂‰ø‡¥‘¡)
¢π“¥ Ùı ‰√à ‡ ¡◊Ë Õ ºπ«°°— ∫  «π
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“œ ·≈– «π®µÿ®—°√
‡¥‘¡√«¡‰¥âª√–¡“≥ ˜˘ ‰√à °Áπ—∫
‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕß «π¡À“π§√¢π“¥
‡≈Á ° ‰¥â ª√°µ‘   «π√–¥— ∫ ¡À“π§√
§«√¡’ æ◊È π ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à πâ Õ ¬°«à “ ¯ ‰√à
‡´π∑√—≈ª“√å° ¢Õßπ§√𑫬Õ√å°¡’
¢π“¥ Ò,Úı ‰√à
„π¥â “ π¡“µ√∞“π°√–°√–®“¬
∂◊ Õ√–¬–∑“߇¥‘π‰ª„™â «π‡ªìπÀ≈—°
161
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
‚¥¬‡©æ“– «π√–¥—∫≈–·«°∫â“π·≈–
™ÿ¡™π „π∫“ß°√≥’ √–¬–π°∫‘πÀ√◊Õ
√–¬–∑’Ë«—¥µ√ß„π·ºπ∑’ËÕ“®π”¡“„™â
‰¡à‰¥â ‡™àπ  «π∑’ËÀà“ß®“°¬à“πæ—°
Õ“»—¬‡æ’¬ß Ò ‡¡µ√ ·µà¡∂’ ππ„À≠à
∑“ß√∂‰øÀ√◊Õ∑“ßπÈ”¢«“ß°—Èπ ¥—ßπ—Èπ
°“√°√–®“¬®÷ß∂◊Õ√–¬–‡¥‘π∑“ß®√‘ß∑’Ë
√–¥—∫¥‘π·≈–§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π°“√
‡¢â“∂÷߇ªìπÀ≈—°
ª√— ™ ≠“·≈–·π«§‘ ¥ „π°“√
«“ß·ºπ·≈–ÕÕ°·∫∫ «π
 “∏“√≥– ¡—¬„À¡à
çÕÿ∑¬“πé (park) ¬ÿ§°àÕπ°“√
ªØ‘«—µ‘Õÿµ “À°√√¡‡ªìπ ∂“π∑’ˇ≈àπ
°’Ó≈à“ —µ«å¢Õß°…—µ√‘¬å·≈–¢ÿππ“ß
·≈–¡“ª√— ∫ ‡ªì π Õÿ ∑ ¬“πÀ≈«ß∑’Ë
 «¬ß“¡·∫∫∏√√¡™“µ‘ ®÷ ß ∂◊ Õ ‡ªì π
 ∂“π∑’Ë À «ßÀâ “ ¡ à « π∫ÿ § §≈¥— ß ‰¥â
°≈à “ «¡“·≈â « ·µà À ≈— ß ®“°∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥
¢∫«π°“√ çÕÿ ∑ ¬“πª√–™“™πé
(Peopleûs park) ª√—™≠“·≈–·π«
§‘¥„π°“√®—¥‰¥â‡√‘Ë¡‡ª≈’Ë¬π ‚¥¬¬Õ¡
„Àâ “∏“√≥™π‡ ’¬‡ß‘πÀ√◊Õ„À⇢Ⓣª
„™âø√’Õ¬à“ß¡’‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢ Õߧåª√–°Õ∫
·≈– ‘ßË Õ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°¬—ß°”Àπ¥
‚¥¬‡®â“¢Õß §◊Õ°…—µ√‘¬åÀ√◊Õ¢ÿππ“ß
™—Èπ Ÿß´÷Ëß¡—°‰¡àµ√ß°—∫§«“¡µâÕß°“√
¢ÕߺŸâ „ ™â ·µà À ≈— ß ®“°‡Àµÿ ° “√≥å ∑’Ë
‰Œ¥åª“√å°·≈–°“√ √â“ß «π‡∫Õ√凰π
‡Œ¥ ˆ ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π °“√®ß„®ÕÕ°·∫∫
‡ªìπ «π ”À√—∫ª√–™“™π∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß
ª√—™≠“·≈–·π«§‘¥„π°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
‰¥â ®÷ ß À— π ¡“‡πâ 𠧫“¡µâ Õ ß°“√¢Õß
ª√–™“™πºŸâ„™â «π¡“°¢÷Èπ
• ·∫∫°√–©— ∫ °√–‡©ß vs
·∫∫ºàÕπ§≈“¬  «π “∏“√≥–„π
¬ÿ § Õÿ µ  “À°√√¡¡— ° ‡πâ π ∑’Ë æ— ° ºà Õ π
·∫∫ºàÕπ§≈“¬¡“° ¡’∫√‘‡«≥ ”À√—∫
‡¥Á ° ÕÕ°°”≈— ß °“¬‰¡à ¡ “°‡π◊Ë Õ ß¡“
®“°ºŸâ „ ™â ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ºŸâ „ À≠à  à « π„À≠à ‡ ªì π
ºŸâ„™â·√ßß“π ®÷ßµâÕß°“√∑’Ëπ—Ëßæ—°ºàÕπ
·∫∫∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∑’Ë √à ¡ √◊Ë π ¡’ ∑‘ « ∑— » πå
 «¬ß“¡ ·µà„π√–¬–À≈—ß∑’˪√–™“™π
„π‡¡◊ Õ ß‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π®“°°“√∑”ß“π„π
‚√ßß“π¡“‡ªì π °“√∑”ß“π„π ”π— °
ß“π §«“¡µâÕß°“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬®÷ß
‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°°«à“°“√π—ËßÀ√◊Õ‡¥‘πæ—°ºàÕπ
®÷ßÕ“® √ÿª‰¥â«à“  «π “∏“√≥–¬ÿ§
ªí®®ÿ∫—π ºŸâ„™â„π«—¬∑”ß“πµâÕß°“√
π—π∑π“°“√·∫∫°√–©—∫°√–‡©ß (ac-
tive recreation) ¡“°°«à“·∫∫ºàÕπ
§≈“¬ (passive recreation) ¡“°¢÷Èπ
 à«π«—¬‡¥Á°·≈–«—¬√ÿàπ¬—ߧߵâÕß°“√∑’Ë
‡≈àπ°’Ó·≈–ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬¡“°‡∑à“
‡¥‘¡
• §«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬ vs §«“¡
¢— ¥ ·¬â ß µâ Õ ß¬Õ¡√— ∫ «à “ ≈— ° …≥–
‡©æ“– ¢ÕߺŸâ„™â «π¡’§«“¡À≈“°
À≈“¬¡“°∑—ßÈ Õ“¬ÿ √“¬‰¥â Õ“™’æ ¢π“¥
§√Õ∫§√—« æ◊πÈ ∞“π∑“ß —ߧ¡ª√–‡æ≥’
§«“¡π‘ ¬¡ œ≈œ ´÷Ëß «π “∏“√≥–
∑’Ë¥’®–µâÕßµÕ∫ πÕߺŸâ„Àℙ≥⡓°
∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ ®÷ ß ®–≈¥§«“¡¢— ¥ ·¬â ß À√◊ Õ ≈¥
°“√„™â «π„π∑“ß∑’˺‘¥≈߉¥â µ—«Õ¬à“ß
‡™à π °“√‰¡à ¬ Õ¡√— ∫ §«“¡µâ Õ ß°“√
µ“¡æƒµ‘ ° √√¡¢Õß«— ¬ √ÿà π „π¬à “ π∑’Ë
¡’ «— ¬ √ÿà π ¡“° ·µà ° ≈— ∫ ∑”‡ªì π  «π
¥Õ°‰¡â ∑’Ë   «¬ß“¡À√Ÿ À √“„À≠à ‚ µ
Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« „π¢≥–∑’Ë«—¬√ÿàπµâÕß°“√
≈“π°’Ó À√◊Õ∑’‡Ë ≈àπ ‡°µ∫Õ√å¥ §«“¡
¢—¥·¬âß®“°°“√≈–‡¡‘¥ °“√∑”≈“¬
(vandalism) ¬à Õ ¡¡’ ¡ “°¢÷È π ·≈–
À“°‡¢â¡ß«¥ ‡™àπ ®—¥¬“¡§Õ¬‡ªÉ“
π°À«’¥Àâ“¡ ª√“°Ø°“√≥å°“√„™âπÕâ ¬
(underused) ¬àÕ¡‡°‘¥¢÷È𠇪ìπ°“√
 Ÿ≠‡ª≈à“·≈–‡°‘¥§«“¡‰¡à‡ ¡Õ¿“§
‚¥¬‡©æ“–„πª√–‡∑»∑’ˬ—ߢ“¥·§≈π
 «π “∏“√≥–‡™à π ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ °“√®—¥„Àâ¡’Õߧåª√–°Õ∫
„Àâ § √∫∂â « πµ“¡≈— ° …≥–ª√–™“°√
¬à Õ ¡¢÷È π Õ¬Ÿà °— ∫ ¢π“¥‡π◊È Õ ∑’Ë ¢ Õß «π
·≈–ß∫ª√–¡“≥ °“√ÕÕ°·∫∫®÷ ß
µâÕß∑”„Àâ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπÕ‡π°ª√– ß§å
„Àâ ¡ “°∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ ‚¥¬„Àâ § ߧ«“¡√à ¡ √◊Ë π
 «¬ß“¡‰«â‰¥â
Õÿ∑¬“π·∫∫æ≈«—µ
(Park Dynamism)
Õÿ∑¬“πÀ√◊Õ «π “∏“√≥–·∫∫
‡°à“¡—°®—¥µ“¡„® ºŸâ √â“ß ∑’ˇπâ𧫓¡
 «¬ß“¡À√◊ Õ §«“¡‡ªì π ∏√√¡™“µ‘
·µà ≈ –‡≈¬æƒµ‘ ° √√¡·≈–§«“¡
µâÕß°“√„™â∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ߢÕß ºŸâ „ ™â  «π
 à « π„À≠à ®÷ ß ∂Ÿ ° „™â ‰ ª„π∑“ß∑’Ë º‘ ¥
 —∫ π ·≈–À“°‡¢â¡ß«¥‡°‘π‰ª°Á®–
‰¡à¡’ºŸâ¡“„™âÀ√◊Õ„™âπâÕ¬ ∑’ˇ√’¬°„π
«‘™“°“√«“ß·ºππ—π∑π“°“√«à“ ‡°‘¥
°“√¥âÕ¬„™â (under use)
·π«§‘¥ ç «π “∏“√≥–∑’ˇªìπ
æ≈«—µé À√◊Õ¡’™’«‘µ™’«“‰¡àÕ¬Ÿàπ‘Ëßπ’È´÷Ëß
‡ªì π À≈— ° °“√„À¡à ∑’Ë π”¡“„™â „ π°“√
ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈–ª√—∫ª√ÿß «π “∏“√≥–
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
162
∑—Ë « ‚≈°„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π „Àâ ‡ ªì π ∑’Ë æ— ° ºà Õ π
À¬à Õ π„®¢Õߪ√–™“™πµ“¡§«“¡
µâÕß°“√∑’·Ë ∑â®√‘ߢÕߺŸ„⠙⠡’À≈—°ßà“¬ Ê
„π°“√‡πâ𧫓¡‡ªìπ  “∏“√≥– «à“
ºŸ„⠙⠫π “∏“√≥–‰¡à«“à „π°≈ÿ¡à Õ“¬ÿ„¥
°≈ÿà¡√“¬‰¥âÀ√◊Õ°≈ÿà¡°“√»÷°…“„¥ Ê
°Áµ“¡ ‡¡◊ËÕ¡“„™â «π “∏“√≥–·≈â«
æ÷ ß ¡’ °‘ ® °√√¡·≈– ‘Ë ß Õ”π«¬§«“¡
 –¥«°∑’˧√∫∂â«πµ“¡§«“¡µâÕß°“√
∑’ÀË ≈“°À≈“¬¢Õߪ√–™“™π à«π„À≠à
‚¥¬®— ¥ „Àâ ‡ ∑à “ ∑’Ë ¢ π“¥·≈–≈— ° …≥–
¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑’ËÕ”π«¬ À√◊ÕÕ’°π—¬Àπ÷Ëß „Àâ
ºŸâ„™â «π “∏“√≥–¡’Õ‘ √–„π°“√∑”
°‘ ® °√√¡„¥ Ê °Á‰¥â∑’Ë “¡“√∂ºàÕπ
§≈“¬Õ“√¡≥剥⠂¥¬ :-
µâÕ߉¡à√∫°«πÀ√◊Õ≈–‡¡‘¥ ‘∑∏‘Ï
¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈Õ◊Ëπ
µâÕ߉¡à∑”„Àâ∑√—æ¬å ‘π„¥ Ê „π
 «π “∏“√≥–‡ ’¬À“¬
µâÕ߉¡àº‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬ ª√–‡æ≥’
·≈–»’≈∏√√¡
π—Ëπ§◊Õ  «π “∏“√≥–®–µâÕß¡’
 ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°∑’ËÀ≈“°À≈“¬
µ“¡§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡ ·≈–®–µâ Õ ß¡’
°“√®— ¥ «“ß·≈–ÕÕ°·∫∫∑’Ë æ‘ ∂’ æ‘ ∂— π
‰¡à „ Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ °“√√∫°«π√–À«à “ ß
°‘®°√√¡ ·≈–µâÕß «¬ß“¡
πÕ°®“°π’È  «π “∏“√≥–∑’Ë¥’
¬—ß®–µâÕ߇πâπ„Àâ¡’
• °‘®°√√¡∑’Ë à߇ √‘¡ —¡æ—π∏-
¿“æ∑’¥Ë ¿’ “¬„π·≈–√–À«à“ߧ√Õ∫§√—«
• °‘®°√√¡∑’Ë à߇ √‘¡„À⇬“«™π
√à « ¡°— 𠇪ì π °≈ÿà ¡ ∑’Ë   √â “ ß √√§å ∑ “ß
¥â“π°’ÓÀ√◊Õß“πÕ¥‘‡√°
• °‘®°√√¡ ”À√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿÀ√◊Õ
 «π “∏“√≥–

ª√“°Ø°“√≥å°“√¢“¥§«“¡ ¡¥ÿ≈¢Õß «π “∏“√≥– ¿“æ¢â“ßµâπ· ¥ß°“√¢“¥·§≈π ‘ËßÕ”π«¬ –¥«°∑’ˇªì𧫓¡µâÕß°“√·∑â¢Õß
ª√–™“™π„π «πÀ≈«ß √.˘ ´÷Ëß¡’¢π“¥æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∂÷ß ı ‰√à ·µà∑—È߇¥Á°·≈–ºŸâ„À≠àµâÕß∑—È߬◊π·≈–π—Ë߇æ◊ËÕ√Õ°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕ߇≈àπ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕßÕÕ°
°”≈—ß°“¬∑’ˇªìπ∑’˵âÕß°“√Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß
·¡à ∫â “ π∑’Ë «à “ ß„π√–À«à “ ߇«≈“°≈“ß
«— π ‰¥â ¡ “√à « ¡„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ª√–‚¬™πå ¥â « ¬
¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ß √ÿª‰¥â«à“  «π “∏“√≥–∑’Ë¥’
æ÷ß :-
• ®—¥„Àâ¡’æ◊Èπ∑’ËÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬
„π —¥ à«π∑’Ë¡“°¢÷Èπ ·≈–∫“ß·ÀàßÕ“®
®—¥„Àâ¡“°°«à“æ◊Èπ∑’Ë·∫∫ºàÕπ§≈“¬
• ®—¥„Àâ¡’°‘®°√√¡∑’ËÀ≈“°À≈“¬
¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ ‡∑à“∑’®Ë –∑”‰¥â‚¥¬‡πâπ§√Õ∫
§√—« ‡™àπ „À⺟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿ ‡™àπ ªŸÉ¬à“/æàÕ-
·¡à-«—¬∑”ß“π/«—¬√ÿàπ ·≈–‡¥Á°‡≈Á°
 “¡“√∂¡“∑’Ë «π‡¥’¬«°—πæ√âÕ¡°—π
‰¥â‚¥¬‰¡à‡∫◊ËÕ·≈–√∫°«π°—π
• ¡’æ◊Èπ∑’ËÕ‡π°ª√– ß§å∑’Ë„™â‰¥â
∑—Èß°“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬·≈–∑”°‘®°√√¡
∑“ß«—≤π∏√√¡ ‡™àπ °“√· ¥ß °“√
‡≈àπ¥πµ√’
‡¥™“ ∫ÿ≠§È”
• ¡’§«“¡√à¡√◊Ëπ  «¬ß“¡ ‡¢’¬«
 –Õ“¥ ·≈–¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ßà“¬
• ‡¢â“∂÷ß –¥«° ∑“߇¢â“‡™◊ËÕ¡
‚¬ß√–∫∫¢π à ß ¡«≈™πÀ√◊ Õ ™ÿ ¡ ™π
„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠∑“߇¥‘π‡∑â“ ·¬°∑“ß
√∂¬πµå·≈–∑’ˮե
• ¡’Õª
ÿ °√≥å·≈– ‘ßË Õ”π«¬§«“¡
 –¥«°‡æ’ ¬ ßæÕ·≈–µÕ∫ πÕßµà Õ
¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“»
• ≈¥À√◊ Õ ¢®— ¥ °“√√∫°«π
√–À«à “ ß°‘ ® °√√¡∑’Ë ¢— ¥ ·¬â ß °— π ¥â « ¬
°“√·∫à߇¢µ·≈–°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫∑’Ë¥’
• ¡’ § «“¡ª≈Õ¥¿— ¬  Ÿ ß ∑—È ß ®“°
Õ“™≠“°√√¡·≈–®“°Õÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿ
°“√ ”√«®ºŸâ„™â «π
ª√°µ‘„π°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫‚¥¬∑—«Ë ‰ª
163
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
ºŸâ Õ Õ°·∫∫ “¡“√∂ Õ∫∂“¡§«“¡
µâÕß°“√®“°µ—«‡®â“¢Õßß“π‚¥¬µ√ß
‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ß°√–®à “ ß ·µà  ”À√— ∫  «π
 “∏“√≥–ºŸâ„™â§◊Õª√–™“™π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
À≈“°À≈“¬®”π«π¡“° ·≈–°√–®“¬
Õ¬Ÿà∑—Ë«‰ª ºŸâÕÕ°·∫∫®÷߉¡à “¡“√∂
 Õ∫∂“¡§«“¡µâ Õ ß°“√ºŸâ „ ™â ‡ æ’ ¬ ß
Ò-Ú §π‰¥â ç°“√ ”√«®ºŸâ„™â «πé
(user survey) ®÷߇ªìπ ç¿“§∫—ߧ—∫é
∑’Ë ºŸâ Õ Õ°·∫∫ «π “∏“√≥–®–µâ Õ ß
∑” °“√ Õ∫∂“¡§«“¡µâÕß°“√®“°
√—∞¡πµ√’ 𓬰‡∑»¡πµ√’ À√◊Õ®“°
∫ÿ§§≈™—Èπ Ÿß∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√ √â“ß
 «π¡— ° ‰¡à ª √– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á ® ·¡â ® –
‰¥â   «π∑’Ë   «¬ß“¡·µà ª √–™“™π¡— °
„™âª√–‚¬™π剥âπâÕ¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¢“¥
Õÿª°√≥å·≈– ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

∑’Ë çºŸ„â ™â «πµ—«®√‘ßé µâÕß°“√ ·≈– «π
À√ŸÀ√“¬—ß¡’§à“¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ ŸßÕ’°¥â«¬
ª√°µ‘°“√ ”√«®ºŸâ„™â «π∑”‰¥â
∑—Èß∑“ßµ√ß·≈–∑“ßÕâÕ¡ À√◊Õæ√âÕ¡
°—π °“√ ”√«®∑“ßÕâÕ¡‰¥â·°à °“√
‡°Á ∫ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ∑“ߪ√–™“°√»“ µ√å ∑’Ë ¡’
Õ¬Ÿà·≈⫪√–°Õ∫°—∫°“√ —߇°µ°“√≥å
∑“ßµ√߉¥â·°à °“√ÕÕ°·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡
∑”°“√ ÿࡵ—«Õ¬à“߇™‘ß ∂‘µ‘∂÷ߧ«“¡
µâÕß°“√¢ÕߺŸâ„™â°≈ÿࡵà“ß Ê ∑—Èß°≈ÿà¡
«—¬ °≈ÿà¡√“¬‰¥â ·≈–Õ◊Ëπ Ê √«¡∑—Èß
°“√»÷°…“°“√„™â∑’Ë¥‘π·≈–√–∫∫°“√
 —≠®√‚¥¬√Õ∫ «π
 √ÿª ∂“π¿“æ¢Õß «π
 “∏“√≥–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
ªí®®ÿ∫—π
π—∫‡ªìππ‘¡‘µÀ¡“¬∑’Ë¥’∑’Ë∑—Èß¿“§
√— ∞ ·≈–¿“§‡Õ°™π‰¥â · ≈‡ÀÁ 𠧫“¡
 ”§—≠¢Õß «π “∏“√≥–·≈–∑’ˇ≈àπ
ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬ ”À√—∫ª√–™“™π¡“°
¢÷πÈ ·¡â®–‰¥â¡°’ “√ √â“ß «π “∏“√≥–
¢÷Èπ‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°®—ßÀ«—¥∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» ·µà
°Á¬—ß¡’ª√‘¡“≥Àà“߉°≈®“°¡“µ√∞“π
‰¡à ‡ æ’ ¬ ßæÕ°— ∫ §«“¡µâ Õ ß°“√¢Õß
ª√–™“™π‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π‡¡◊Õß∑’Ë·ÕÕ—¥
πÕ°®“°π’È  «π “∏“√≥–‰¡àπâÕ¬„π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬∑’ˬ—ß¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ «π
À¬à Õ ¡¢π“¥„À≠à ∑’Ë ‡ µÁ ¡ ‰ª¥â « ¬À‘ π
ª√–¥—∫∑’Ë°’¥¢«“ß°“√„™âæ◊Èπ∑’Ë  √â“ß
ªí ≠ À“°“√¥Ÿ · ≈√— ° …“¡“° ·≈–¡’
√“§“§à“°àÕ √â“ß∑’Ë·æß‚¥¬‰¡à®”‡ªìπ
ªí ≠ À“∑’Ë π— ∫ «à “  ”§— ≠ Õ’ ° ª√–-
°“√Àπ÷Ë߉¥â·°à §«“¡‡¢â“„®„πª√—™≠“
·π«§‘ ¥ ·≈–§«“¡À¡“¬∑’Ë · ∑â ® √‘ ß
¢Õß «π “∏“√≥–¢ÕߺŸâ ¡’ À πâ “ ∑’Ë
®—¥ √â“ß «π∑—Èß¿“§√—∞ ·≈–Õߧå°√
‡Õ°™π §«“¡‡¢â “ „®∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß
∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ¿“«–‰¡à   ¡ª√–‚¬™πå ¥— ß
°≈à“«¡“·≈â« ªí≠À“‡À≈à“π’È “¡“√∂
∫√√‡∑“‰¥â ¥â « ¬°“√¡Õ∫„Àâ ºŸâ ∑’Ë ¡’
§«“¡√Ÿâ § «“¡™”π“≠‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√
ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈–«“ß·ºπ «π “∏“√≥–
‚¥¬µ√߇ªìπºŸâ«“ß·ºπ·≈–ÕÕ°·∫∫
´÷Ë߉¥â·°à ¿Ÿ¡‘ ∂“ªπ‘° ¥—ß∑’Ë∂◊ժؑ∫—µ‘
°—π‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª„π “°≈.

¿“æ –∑âÕπ‚¥¬ ◊ËÕ· ¥ß§«“¡¢“¥·§≈π∑’Ëæ—°ºàÕπÀ¬àÕπ„® ≥ ∑’Ë∑’˧«√¡’
´â“¬ ¡’§≈Õß¡“°·µà¢“¥∑’Ë≈Õ¬°√–∑ß ∫π¢«“ „π™ÿ¡™πÀπ“·πàπ∑’Ë¡’‡¥Á°¡“°
·µà¢“¥ π“¡‡¥Á°‡≈àπ

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
 «π “∏“√≥–
164
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

ºπ«° Ò.

∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ§«“¡∑’‡Ë ªìπª√–«—µ»‘ “ µ√å «π “∏“√≥–¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬ÿ§„À¡à µâ𰔇𑥠«π®µÿ®°— √  «π “∏“√≥–æ√–√“™∑“π «π

·√°π—∫µ—Èß·µà ¡—¬æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–¡ß°ÿƇ°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
 ”‡π“ ∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ§«“¡æ√–√“™¥”√‘¢Õßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∂÷ß°“√√∂‰ø ®“° ¡.≈.∑«’ —πµå ≈¥“«—≈¬å  ”π—°√“™‡≈¢“∏‘°“√ ¢Õß°“√√∂‰øœ
∑’Ë  . ÒÒÒ˜Ù ≈ß«—π∑’Ë Ú °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å ÚıÒˆ ‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√ª√–™ÿ¡°√√¡°“√ ¡“§¡Õπÿ√—°…廑≈ª°√√¡·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ æ.». ÚıÒˆ
 . ÒÒÒ˜Ù

‡¥™“ ∫ÿ≠§È”
165
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

 .ÒÒÒ˜Ù ·∫∫∑’Ë ÒÛÛ

∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ§«“¡
‡≈¢∑’Ë
«—π∑’Ë Ú °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å ÚıÒˆ
ΩÉ“¬ ”π—°ß“π
‡√◊ËÕß
___________________________________________________________________________________________
( ”‡π“)
∫—π∑÷°

«—ππ’‡È «≈“ª√–¡“≥ ˘.Ù π. ¡.≈.∑«’ π— µå ≈¥“«—≈¬å  ”π—°√“™‡≈¢“∏‘°“√‰¥â‚∑√»—æ∑å∂ß÷ ∑à“π º«°. ¡’§«“¡«à“ æ√–∫“∑
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸÀà —«∑√ß¡’æ√–√“™¥”√‘«à“ æ√–Õߧå∑√ß¡’æ√–√“™∑√—æ¬åÕ¬Ÿà®”π«πÀπ÷Ëß Ò,, ∫“∑ ∑√ß
¡’æ√–√“™ª√– ß§å®– √â“ß «π “∏“√≥– —°·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß„π∫√‘‡«≥°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ‡æ◊ËÕª√–™“™π®–‰¥â„™â‡ªìπ
∑’Ëæ—°ºàÕπ„π¬“¡«à“ß ∑√߇ÀÁπ«à“°“√√∂‰ø¡’æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¡“° ‡™àπ ¬à“πæÀ≈‚¬∏‘π ®÷ß„§√à¢Õ„Àâ°“√√∂‰øœ ‰¥â
æ‘®“√≥“·≈–„À⧫“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π‡√◊ÕË ßπ’¥È «â ¬ ∑à“π º«°. ‰¥â‡√’¬° Õ∏°. ¡“ Õ∫∂“¡∂÷ßæ◊πÈ ∑’∫Ë √‘‡«≥¥—ß°≈à“« Õ∏°. ™’·È ®ß
«à“¡’∫√‘‡«≥Àπ÷Ëߪ√–¡“≥ ˘Û ‰√à ‰¥â°”Àπ¥‰«â‡ªìπæ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±å√∂‰ø ·≈–‰¥â®—¥∑”·ºπº—߉«â·≈â« ¢≥–π’ȉ¥â √â“ß∂ππ
·≈–Õ“§“√‰«â Ò À≈—߇°Á∫√—°…“√∂®—°√ ·≈–√∂æà«ß®”π«πÀπ÷Ëß ¡’§π‡ΩÑ“¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ µàÕ‰ª®–¡’Õ“§“√µà“ß Ê ¡’√∂‰ø‡≈Á°
·≈–¢ÿ¥ √–‡æ◊ËÕ„™â¥‘π∂¡∫√‘‡«≥„À⇪ìπ‡π‘𠇪ìπÕÿ‚¡ß§å ¢≥–π’È∑à“π º«°. ‰¥â¡Õ∫„Àâ ∑ª…. ‡ªìπª√–∏“π°√√¡°“√
æ‘®“√≥“‡√◊ËÕßπ’ÈÕ¬Ÿà ‡¡◊ËÕ∑à“π º«°. ‰¥âµÕ∫„Àâ ¡.≈.∑«’ —πµåœ ∑√“∫µ“¡∑’Ë Õ∏°. ‰¥â™’È·®ß«à“ ‰¥â·®âß«à“∑à“π°”≈—߇µ√’¬¡
µ—«®–‰ªµà“ߪ√–‡∑»‡√◊ÕË ß°Ÿ‡â ß‘π®“°∏𓧓√‚≈° ¢Õ¡Õ∫‡√◊ÕË ßπ’„È Àâ  ∏°. ‰«â‡æ◊ÕË ¥”‡π‘π°“√µàÕ‰ª ‚¥¬„Àâ√∫’ ∑”√“¬ß“π‡ πÕ
§°√. ‡æ◊ËÕ‰¥âæ‘®“√≥“®–‡ÀÁπ ¡§«√„Àâ°“√√∂‰ø¥”‡π‘π°“√‰¥â‡æ’¬ß„¥ ·≈–„Àâ Õ∏°. µ‘¥µàÕ°—∫ ¡.≈.∑«’ —πµåœ ∑√“∫‡ªìπ
√–¬– Ê ¥â«¬

Õ∏°. - ºŸâ®¥∫—π∑÷°

___________________________________________________________________________________________
À¡“¬‡Àµÿ ∫—π∑÷°¢Õß°“√√∂‰ø©∫—∫π’ȇªìπ‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√ª√–™ÿ¡∑’˺Ÿâ‡¢’¬π‰¥â√—∫®“° π“¬Õ¿—¬ º–‡¥‘¡™‘µ
 ∂“ªπ‘°·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘ ∂“ªπ‘°°“√√∂‰ø·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡°√√¡°“√ ¡“§¡Õπÿ√—°…廑≈ª°√√¡
·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„π‚§√ß°“√√≥√ߧå‡æ◊ËÕæ◊Èπ∑’Ë ’‡¢’¬« ´÷ËßµàÕ¡“‰¥â à߇√◊ËÕß„Àâ°√√¡°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß «π
 “∏“√≥–‡∑»∫“≈π§√À≈«ß„π¢≥–π—Èπ ´÷ËßµàÕ¡“§◊Õ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚıÒˆ (ºŸâ‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ
°√√¡°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß «π “∏“√≥–¢Õß°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√√–À«à“ß æ.». ÚıÒı-ÚıÚı)  «π “∏“√≥–
·Ààßπ’ȧ◊Õ ç «π®µÿ®—°√é „πªí®®ÿ∫—𠇪ìπ°“√ √â“ß∂«“¬‡æ◊ËÕ‡∑‘¥æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘„π«“√–æ√–™π¡“¬ÿ§√∫
Ù √Õ∫‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚıÒ¯ -».‡¥™“

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
 «π “∏“√≥–
166
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

Abstract Public Parks

Decha Boonkham
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand

Parks or public parks refer to public areas where the government sector, most of the time
local administrative agencies such as the municipalities, the provincial administration organiza-
tions or tambon administration organizations have set up as recreation areas for the people in
communities and cities. These parks are properties of the government, which is responsible for
their maintenance. At present, the establishment of recreation areas is the direct duty of the
government, but public parks in this sense may also be set up by the private sector and dedicated
to the public.
As for function, public parks put equal or greater emphasis on recreational activities or
relaxation than on aesthetic aspect. The activities can be divided into two main types: passive
recreation and active recreation. These two activities are usually in conflict; therefore, zoning is
necessary. However, clear-cut zoning often leads to problems and sometimes the specification
of the activities does not serve the needs of the park goers or users. Good public parks must
therefore render maximum utility to the users, and they must also be beautiful. So far, the designs
of public parks often cater more to the wishes of the authorities than those of the users. Designing
is therefore significant.

Key words: public parks, recreation, public park planning and design, children’s playground,
community public parks

‡¥™“ ∫ÿ≠§È”
167
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬ 𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥**

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ ·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ…* √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡‡ªìπ°“√·ª≈߇ ’¬ß§”¿“…“µà“ߪ√–‡∑» §”‚∫√“≥ À√◊Õ¿“…“∂‘Ëπ ´÷ËߺŸâ„™â¿“…“‰¡à√Ÿâ
§«“¡À¡“¬„À⇪ìπ§”∑’˵π√Ÿâ®—° „π¿“…“‰∑¬¡’∑—Èß°“√·ª≈ß„À⇪ì𧔉∑¬·≈–§”∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ ∑—Èß∑’Ë„À⧫“¡
À¡“¬∑’Ë¥’ ·≈–‰¡à ◊ËÕ§«“¡À¡“¬ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’ª√“°Ø°“√≥åµ√ß°—π¢â“¡ π—Ëπ§◊Õ°“√·ª≈ߧ”‰∑¬„Àâ§≈⓬°—∫§”
À√◊Õ‡ ’¬ß„π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ´÷Ëß∫“ߧ√—ÈßÕ“®®– ◊ËÕ§«“¡º‘¥À√◊Õ‰¡à ◊ËÕ§«“¡„¥ Ê °Á‰¥â

§” ”§—≠ : °“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡, °“√≈“°‡¢â“«—¥, °“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡¢ÕߺŸâ√Ÿâ, °“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡¢ÕߺŸâ‰¡à√Ÿâ,

°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬, °“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…

Ò. ∫∑π” ‡ª≈’Ë¬π¡“‡ªìπ‡ ’¬ß/ei:/„π Modern ÕÕ°‡ ’ ¬ ß∑’Ë · µ°µà “ ß°— π √–À«à “ ߧπ

ª√“°Ø°“√≥å Õ¬à “ ßÀπ÷Ë ß∑’Ë ‡°‘ ¥
¢÷È π „π¿“…“§◊ Õ °“√°≈“¬‡ ’ ¬ ß
(sound change) ´÷ËßÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°“√∑’Ë
§”‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈߇ ’¬ß‰ªµ“¡°“≈‡«≈“
‡™àπ ‡ ’¬ß/a:/¢Õß Middle English
English À√◊Õ ‡ ’¬ß ç‚Õé „π§”«à“
ç‚ ßé „π ¡—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬‡ª≈’Ë¬π¡“‡ªìπ
‡ ’¬ß çÕÕé „π§”«à“ ç Õßé „πªí®®ÿ∫π—
§«“¡‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߇™àππ’Ȭ—ߧߥ”‡π‘π
Õ¬Ÿµà ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ¥—ß®– —߇°µ‰¥â®“°°“√
 ŸßÕ“¬ÿ°—∫§π√ÿàπÀπÿà¡ “«„πªí®®ÿ∫—π
∫∑§«“¡π’®È –°≈à“«∂÷ß°“√°≈“¬
‡ ’ ¬ ߪ√–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ®“°§«“¡
®ß„® ´÷Ë߇√’¬°«à“ °“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡
(popular etymology)

Ú. °“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡
æ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏𠉥â°≈à“«‰«â«à“
ç...§”∑’ˇªìπ¿“…“µà“ߪ√–‡∑» À√◊Õ‡ªì𧔂∫√“≥·≈–§”¿“…“∂‘Ëπ ´÷Ëß·ª≈‡Õ“§«“¡‰¡à‰¥â °Á¡—°®–·ª≈߇ ’¬ß‡æ◊ËÕ
≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡„Àâ·ª≈‰¥â §”™π‘¥π’È ¡’Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬°—π∑ÿ°¿“…“...é
(Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π, æ√–¬“. ÚıÚÚ : ÚÚ)

* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Ò¯ ¡°√“§¡ æ.». Úıı

** √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¿“§«‘™“¿“…“‰∑¬·≈–¿“…“µ–«—πÕÕ° §≥–¡πÿ…¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“¡§”·Àß

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬ ∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ ·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ…
168
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

∑à“π‰¥â„Àâµ—«Õ¬à“߉«â ¥—ßπ’È
§”≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡≈“ߧ”„π¿“…“‰∑¬
¢“°ä«¬-°“߇°ß ®’π ‚¢à°ä«¬ ·ª≈«à“ °“߇°ß§√÷Ëß∑àÕπ
¢â“«∫ÿÀ√’Ë Œ‘π¥Ÿ µ“π’ °–∫ÿ≈’ §◊բ⓫ª√ÿßÕ¬à“ß™“«‡¡◊Õß°“∫ÿ≈ ‡¥’ά«π’ȇ√’¬° ¢â“«À¡°‰°à
¢â“«ªí¥ ¡≈“¬Ÿ °–ªí¥ ¢â“«‡À𒬫µâ¡Ààե⫬„∫‡µ¬Õ¬à“ߢ⓫µâ¡
¥Õ°‰¡âµ“¥ ‡ªÕ√凴’¬ ¡“µ—∫ ¥Õ°‰¡â‰ø™π‘¥¥Õ°‰¡â‡∑’¬π ·µà¢π“¥„À≠à Õ—ß°ƒ…‡√’¬°
Roman candle
‡®â“ —« ®’π ®âÕ´—« «à“¡“®“° ‡®â“¢√—« „π¿“…“‰∑¬ ®’π‡Õ“‰ª·≈–≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡‡ªìπ
®âÕ´—« ·ª≈«à“ π—Ëß¿Ÿ‡¢“ ‡√“·ª≈ ®âÕ ‡ªìπ ‡®â“ „Àâ·ª≈‰¥â
‡∂â“·°à ®’π ‡∂Ⓡ° ·ª≈«à“ À—«Àπⓧ√Õ∫§√—« „À⇢⓰—∫§”‡≤à“·°à¢Õ߇√“
¡â“¬àÕß (™◊ËÕ‡æ≈ß) ¡≈“¬Ÿ ¡–‚¬àß
‡∫â“À≈ÿ¥ (™◊ËÕ‡æ≈ß) ¡≈“¬Ÿ ‡¡“≈ÿ¥ ¡“®“°Õ“À√—∫À¡“¬∂÷ß∫∑ «¥¢—∫„π ÿ‡À√à“
√“™“«¥’ Õ“À√—∫ ‚√‚¬– =  ’ ‡«Õ√¥’ = ‡¢’¬«øÑ“
À≠â“Ω√—πË Õ“À√—∫ jaffran À√◊Õ saffan
§”≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡∑’ˇªìπ¿“…“ª“°Õ¬Ÿà
°âπ‡¥àπ ¡“®“° condenser
¢â“«·ΩÉ ¡“®“° Õ“À√—∫ cafe
 ‡µ·∑àπ ¡“®“° station ‡¥’ά«π’ȇ√’¬°  ∂“π’
 “¡‡ π (¡–¡à«ß) ¡“®“° æ‘¡‡ π
§”≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡∑’˪√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡°à“
°–¥“π·©π ¡“®“° credential ‡¥’ά«π’ȇ√’¬° Õπÿ¡—µ‘∫—µ√ (√. Ù)
°—¥øíπ¡—π ¡“®“° government
Ω“ ÿ¿‡√» ¡“®“° phosphorus (‡√◊ËÕßæ√–ª∞¡‡®¥’¬å¢Õ߇®â“æ√–¬“∑‘æ“°√«ß»å)
πÈ”¡—πµ—∫ª≈“µ“¬ ¡“®“° turpentine
À—∫ª√–¡“ –·µπ ¡“®“° harbour master
 ’ªÑ“¬ (∑À“√) ¡“®“° sepoy ‡æ’È¬π®“° sipahi
§—µ≈Õ° ¡“®“° catalogue
Õ¬Ÿà„πøÕ√¡ ¡“®“° uniform
°√√¡“®≈ ¡“®“° commercial
¡≥’‡πµ√ ¡“®“° money-net
¡—§ ‘π ¡“®“° magazine Àπ—ß ◊Õ√“¬‡¥◊Õπ
‚° π (µâπ‰¡â) ¡“®“° croton
· ≈ß-(»—æ∑å) ¡“®“° slang
∫ÿÀß“√Ë”‰ª ¡“®“° ¡≈“¬Ÿ ∫ÿÀß“√”‰ª = ¥Õ°‰¡âªπ°—π

𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥
169
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

§”≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ ™◊ËÕ§π
ª≈—¥‡≈ ¡“®“° Bradley
¥—π°—π ¡“®“° Duncan
‡¬ —∫ªÿ√…ÿ ¡“®“° J. Brooke
·§¡‡∫âÕ ¡“®“° Campbell
·√âß°‘π ¡“®“° Rankin
·¡°øÑ“≈—πË ¡“®“° Macfarland
 ”√‘¥ ¡“®“° Smith
®—≥±‡≈ ¡“®“° Chandley
‚¡À¡—∑ ¡“®“° Mohamad
¢—µµ‘¬– ¡“®“° Kadiyah

§”≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ ™◊ËÕ∫â“π‡¡◊Õß, ™“µ‘

æÿ∑∏‡°… ¡“®“° Portuguese
ª√–µŸ°π— ¡“®“° Portugal
§™ “√ ¡“®“° Khorasan
æÿ∑√“¬“¬°–µ“ ¡“®“° Calcutta (Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π, æ√–¬“. ÚıÚÚ : ÚÚÒ-ÚÚÙ)

®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ (Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π, æ√–¬“. ÚıÚÚ : Û. °“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡¢ÕߺŸâ√Ÿâ

‡™àππ’È¡’ª√–‚¬™πå‡æ√“–®”‰¥âßà“¬°«à“
§”¿“…“µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡™à𠇥Á°∑’Ë
∑à Õ ß§” «¥¡πµå ∫à Õ ¬‡¢â “ °Á Õ “®®–
·ª≈ߧ” 翧«‚µé ‡ªìπ çæ√–À—«‚µé
À√◊ Õ ∑À“√‡°≥±å °Á Õ “®®–·ª≈ߧ”
«à“ ç«—π ∑Ÿ ∑√’é ‡ªìπ 翧«—π‚µ‡µé
䴉
ÚÚÙ)
®“°µ— « Õ¬à “ ߢ⠓ ßµâ π π’È ® –‡ÀÁ π
‰¥â«à“ °“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡Õ“®®–∑”°—π
À≈“¬∑Õ¥°Á‰¥â ‡™àπ ‡æ≈ß ç‡∫â“À≈ÿ¥é
∑’Ë ¡ “®“°¡≈“¬Ÿ ´÷Ë ß ¡“®“°Õ“À√— ∫
Õ’°∑’Àπ÷Ëß À√◊ÕÕ¬à“ß ç‡®â“ —«é ∑’Ë≈“°
°—π‰ª≈“°°—π¡“√–À«à“߉∑¬°—∫®’π
(Learned Etymology)
¬—ß¡’§”≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡Õ’°ª√–-
‡¿∑Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ 秔≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡
¢ÕߺŸâ√Ÿâé (learned etymology) ´÷Ëß
æ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏𠉥âÕ∏‘∫“¬‰«â
«à“À¡“¬∂÷ß

ç...§”æ«°Àπ÷ßË ´÷ßË ·ª≈‰¡àÕÕ° ‡æ√“–‡ªì𧔵à“ߪ√–‡∑»À√◊Õ‡ªì𧔉∑¬·ª≈‰¥â§«“¡À¡“¬‰¡à„§√॒ ¡’‡ ’¬ß‰¡à‡æ√“–

°Á·°â‡ ’¬„À¡à„À⇢Ⓡ ’¬ß¿“…“∫“≈’À√◊Õ —π °ƒµ ´÷Ëß∂◊Õ«à“‡ªì𧔠Ÿß...é
µ—«Õ¬à“ß
°‘µ - °‘µ‘
¢â“« “π - ¢â“« “√
¢ÿ¢—π - ¢ÿ¢—π∏å
‡¢’¬¥ - ‡°’¬√µ‘
§à“· ⁄√π“ - §à“‡ π“

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬ ∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ ·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ…
170
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

®—π - ®—π∑√
´‘Ë«, ‡´’¬« - »‘«–
µ—π - µ—≥±å
ᵉ - ൪
πÿ¥ - πÿ™
ª“°„µâ - ªí°…儵â
æß - æß»å
æ—¥ - æ—≤π
‡≈° - ‡≈¢
 “π - »“≈
 ‘π -  ‘π∏ÿ
 ‘π»√ - »‘≈ª»√
 ◊ËÕ “π -  ◊ËÕ “√
 ÿ¬ -  Ÿ¬
‡ “‡°’¬¥ - ‡ “‡°’¬√µ‘
Õ‘π - Õ‘π∑√
Œ«¥ - Àÿµ
(Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π, æ√–¬“. ÚıÚÚ : ÚÚı)
µ—«Õ¬à“ߢâ“ßµâππ’È®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â„π™◊ËÕ·≈–π“¡ °ÿ≈¢Õߧπ‰∑¬‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°

Ù. °“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡¢ÕߺŸâ‰¡à√Ÿâ
πÕ°®“° 秔≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡¢ÕߺŸâ√Ÿâé ·≈â«°Á¬—ß¡’§”≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡Õ’°ª√–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˉ¡à·°â‡ ’¬ß ·µà欓¬“¡·ª≈
§«“¡À¡“¬‚¥¬™—°‡√◊ÕË ßª√–°Õ∫ ‡æ√“–‡¢â“„®º‘¥π÷°«à“®–‡ªìπ‡™àπ∑’πË °÷ ‡√’¬°«à“ ç≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡À¡“¬∑’¡Ë “‡æ√“–‡¢â“„®º‘¥é
(mistaken etymology) ‡™àπ
°–‚∂π ¡“®“° °√–∂à¡
‡°“– ’™ß— ¡“®“°  ’À™—ß¶å ƒ…’™—ß
¢π¡§√Õß·§√ß ¡“®“° ¢π¡ÀÕ¬·§√ß
¢π¡ªí°°√‘¡ ¡“®“° ¢π¡ª≈“°√‘¡
¢Õ°π“ ¡“®“° §Õ°π“ ∫â“ππÕ°
¢â“«À¡“° ¡“®“° ¢â“«À¡—°
‰¢âÀ«—¥ ¡“®“° ‰¢â«—  – ‡æ√“–¡—°‡ªìπ„πƒ¥ŸΩπ
¢—π ¡“®“° ¢—ß (πÈ”)
§“ߧ° ¡“®“° §“ß‚¢° ‡æ√“–„™â§“ß‚¢°‡Õ“
®√–π” ¡“®“° ®“√÷°π“¡
®¡Ÿ° ¡“®“° ®“¡¡Ÿ°

𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥
171
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

¥â“¡®‘È¡ (æ—¥) ¡“®“° æ—¥¥â“¡®’∫

¥‘π ÕæÕß ¡“®“° ¥‘π ÕºàÕß
µ—≥À“ ¡“®“° µ—πÀ“ ‡æ√“–Õ—¥Õ—Èπµ—π„®·≈â«®÷߉ªÀ“
µ√“ —ß ¡“®“° ¥â«¬°√– ÿπ §◊Õ√—¥„Àâ·πàπ
π—°‡≈ß ¡“®“° π—°‡≈àπ
π“߇≈Á¥ (¢π¡) ¡“®“° ‡√’¬ß‡≈Á¥
∫â“∫‘Ëπ (¢π¡) ¡“®“° ¢π¡ªÑ“∫‘Ëπ
∫ÿÀ√’Ë ¡“®“° ‡æ™√∫ÿ√’ ªÿ√‘  µ—¥¡“®“°  —ªªÿ√‘  ‡æ√“– ”À√—∫ºŸâ™“¬ Ÿ∫ œ≈œ
ªí≠À“ ¡“®“° ªíπ°—πÀ“
ªí®®—¬ ¡“®“° ∫“¥„®
º¡·°≈– ¡“®“° ‡¢“·°–
ºâ“¢“«¡â“ ¡“®“° ºâ“¢“«∑’Ëæ√– ‘∑∏“√∂ª√–∑“π·°à𓬩—ππ–
æ‘¡“¬ ¡“®“° æ’Ë¡“·≈â«
¬”¡–À«“¥ ¡“®“° ¬“¡–À«¥
¬—Ëπµ–π’ ¡“®“° ¬à“πµ“π’
√“¡‡°’¬√µ‘Ï ¡“®“° À≈“¬‡≈ࡇ°«’¬π
≈—ß°“ ¡“®“° √—ß°“
«—ß°–‚®¡ ¡“®“° «—ßæ√–®¡
 —µµÀ’∫ ¡“®“° À’∫‡®Á¥„∫´÷Ëßæ√–‡®â“ÕŸà∑ÕßÀπ’Àà“‰ª´àÕπÕ¬Ÿà
 ”ª√–∑«π ¡“®“°  “¡æ√–∑«π≈Õ¬πÈ”¡“
 “¡‡ π ¡“®“°  “¡· π ‡æ√“–æ√–∑’Ë≈Õ¬πÈ”¡“µâÕß„™â§π∂÷ß “¡· π≈“°‡Õ“¢÷Èπ¡“‰¥â
‡ ’¬¡ ( ¬“¡) ¡“®“° ¡’‡ ’¬¡‡ÀπÁ∫À≈—ß ”À√—∫¢ÿ¥À≈ÿ¡∂à“¬Õÿ®®“√–
(Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π, æ√–¬“. ÚıÚÚ : ÚÚı-ÚÚ˜)

„πªí®®ÿ∫—π°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡„π≈—°…≥–π’È°Á¬—ß¡’„Àâ‡ÀÁπÕ¬Ÿà‡ ¡Õ ·≈–¡—°®–‡√’¬°°—π«à“‡ªìπ ç°“√≈“°‡¢â“«—¥é ‡™àπ

 ß °≈“¬‡ªìπ  ß¶å
 ’ °≈“¬‡ªìπ »√’À√◊Õ ’Àå
™ß °≈“¬‡ªìπ ™ß¶å (·ª≈«à“Àπâ“·¢âß)
°√–· πÈ” °≈“¬‡ªìπ °√–· √åπÈ”
‰¢à¡ÿ° °≈“¬‡ªìπ ‰¢à¡ÿ°¢å, ‰¢à¡ÿ°¥å
‡§√◊ËÕß ”Õ“ß °≈“¬‡ªì𠇧√◊ËÕß ”Փߧå
ߟ «—¥ °≈“¬‡ªìπ ߟ «— ¥‘Ï
©—π≠“µ‘ °≈“¬‡ªìπ ©—π∑å≠“µ‘
¥”√ß °≈“¬‡ªìπ ¥”√ߧå
∏”√ß °≈“¬‡ªìπ ∏”√ߧå

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬ ∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ ·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ…
172
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

ππ∑√’ °≈“¬‡ªìπ ππ∑√’¬å

ª√“¥‡ª√◊ÕË ß °≈“¬‡ªìπ ª√“™≠凪√◊ËÕß
ºŸ°æ—π °≈“¬‡ªìπ ºŸ°æ—π∏å
æ—π∑“ß °≈“¬‡ªìπ æ—π∏ÿå∑“ß
¡◊¥¡π °≈“¬‡ªìπ ¡◊¥¡π∏å, ¡◊¥¡πµå
¬àÕ¡‡¬“ °≈“¬‡ªìπ ¬àÕ¡‡¬“«å
‚≈à °≈“¬‡ªìπ ‚≈àÀå
 ‘ß‚µ °≈“¬‡ªìπ  ‘ßÀ債
≈—°…≥–‡™àππ’ÈÕ“®®–‡√’¬°‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ ç°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“∫“≈’ —π °ƒµé À√◊Õ Pali-Sanskritization

ı. °“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬ °Á‰¥â àß ¥ŸÕ“√åµ øó√åπ“π¥◊™ (Duarte ‡¡◊Ë Õ ™“µ‘ µ –«— π µ°Õ◊Ë π Ê Õ— π

™“«µ–«—πµ°À√◊ÕΩ√—Ëß™“µ‘·√°
∑’ˇ¢â“¡“ Ÿàª√–‡∑»‰∑¬À√◊ÕÕ“≥“®—°√
 ¬“¡§◊Õ ‚ª√µÿ‡°  „π ¡—¬ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–√“¡“∏‘∫¥’∑’Ë Ú (æ.». ÚÛÙ-
Ú˜Ú) Àπ—ß ◊Õ ™“«‚ª√µÿ‡° ·≈–
 ¬“¡  ¡—¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Òˆ ·ª≈
‚¥¬ ¡∏ÿ √   »ÿ ¿ º≈ °≈à “ «‰«â «à “
‚ª√µÿ‡° ‡√‘Ë¡ π„®Õ“≥“®—°√ ¬“¡
‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°‡¡◊ËÕ欓¬“¡À“∑“ßµ—Èß
¡—Ëπ∑’ˇ¡◊Õß¡–≈–°“ (ªí®®ÿ∫—π§◊Õ√—∞
·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß„π¡“‡≈‡´’¬) ‡æ◊ËÕ§«∫§ÿ¡
°“√§â “ „π¿Ÿ ¡‘ ¿ “§µ–«— π ÕÕ°‰°≈
§«“¡ π„®¢Õß‚ª√µÿ‡° „πª√–°“√
·√°°Á§◊Õ‡√◊ËÕß°“√§â“  à«πª√–°“√
∑’Ë Ú π—Èπ°Á‡æ◊ËÕ∂à«ßÕ”π“®Õ“≥“®—°√
·≈–æà Õ §â “ ™“«¡ÿ   ≈‘ ¡ ´÷Ë ß ¢— ¥ ¢«“ß
‚ª√µÿ‡° Õ¬Ÿà „πª≈“¬‡¥◊Õπ°√°Æ“§¡
§.». ÒıÒÒ (æ.». ÚıÙ) ¢≥–∑’Ë
‚ª√µÿ ‡ ° °”≈— ß ≈â Õ ¡¡–≈–°“Õ¬Ÿà π—È π
Õøß´Ÿ ¥◊Õ Õ—≈∫Ÿ·°√å (Afonso de
Albuquerque) ºŸâ∫—≠™“°“√∑—æ‡√◊Õ
Fernandes) „À⇪ìπ∑Ÿµ‡¥‘π∑“ß¡“
 ¬“¡‚¥¬Õ“»—¬‡√◊Õ ”‡¿“®’π´÷Ë߇¥‘π
∑“ß®“°¡–≈–°“‰ªÕ¬ÿ∏¬“
¥ŸÕ“√åµ øó√åπ“π¥◊™ π—∫‡ªìπºŸâ∑’Ë
¡’§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡¡“° ‡æ√“–¡’ª√–-
 ∫°“√≥å ‡ °’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ¥‘ π ·¥π‡Õ‡™’ ¬
µ–«— π ÕÕ°‡©’ ¬ ß„µâ ·≈–‡§¬∂Ÿ ° ®— ∫
‡ªìπ‡™≈¬∑’Ë¡–≈–°“‡ªìπ‡«≈“ Ú ªï
„π™à«ß‡«≈“¥—ß°≈à“«‡¢“‰¥â¡’‚Õ°“  √“™°“√°√ÿ ß ¡–π‘ ≈ “‰¥â ‡ ¢â “ ¡“‡ΩÑ “
‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¿“…“¡≈“¬Ÿ®π “¡“√∂ ◊ËÕ “√
‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’
‡¡◊Ë Õ √Ÿâ ¿ “…“¡≈“¬Ÿ · ≈â « ‡™à π π’È
°Á   “¡“√∂®– ◊Ë Õ  “√ºà “ π™“«¡≈“¬Ÿ
À√◊Õ™“« ¬“¡∑’Ë√Ÿâ∑—Èß¿“…“¡≈“¬Ÿ·≈–
¿“…“‰∑¬‰¥â °“√‡®√®“®÷ß„™â¿“…“
¡≈“¬Ÿ‡ªìπµ—«°≈“ß ·µà„𧫓¡‡ªìπ
®√‘ ß ∂â Õ ¬§” ”‡π’ ¬ ß∑’Ë „ ™â „ π§”∑— ∫
»—æ∑套È߇¥‘¡°Á§ß®–‡æ’È¬π‰ª¡‘„™àπâÕ¬
‡™à𠧔«à“ ç ∫Ÿàé „π¿“…“‰∑¬ ¡“
®“° sapu À√◊ Õ sab ã o „π¿“…“
‚ª√µÿ‡° Ò
‰¥â · °à  ‡ªπ ŒÕ≈— 𠥓 Õ— ß °ƒ…
‡¥π¡“√å ° Ω√—Ë ß ‡»  ‡¢â “ ¡“µ‘ ¥ µà Õ
°— ∫ °√ÿ ß »√’ Õ ¬ÿ ∏ ¬“°Á Õ “®®–„™â «‘ ∏’ Õ— π
‡¥’¬«°—π
¢®√  ÿ ¢ æ“π‘ ™ ‰¥â‡≈à“‰«â„π
Àπ—ß ◊Õ Õ¬ÿ∏¬“§¥’ «à“Ω√—Ëß™“µ‘∑’Ë Ú
∑’ˇ¢â“¡“µ‘¥µàÕ„π ¡—¬°√ÿß»√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“
°Á §◊ Õ  ‡ªπ ‚¥¬∑Ÿ µ ¢ÕߺŸâ  ”‡√Á ®
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π‡√»«√¡À“√“™ Ω√—Ëß™“µ‘
∑’Ë Û §◊Õ ŒÕ≈—𥓠‡¢â“¡“„πª≈“¬ ¡—¬
 ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–π‡√»«√œ „π¥â “ π°“√
 ◊ËÕ “√ ™“«ŒÕ≈—𥓉¥â‡ª√’¬∫Ω√—Ëß
™“µ‘Õ◊Ëπ ‡æ√“–¡“‰¥âÀ≠‘߉∑¬‡ªìπ
¿√√¬“ ·≈–¡’∫ÿµ√À≈“π‡ªìπÕ—π¡“°
πÕ°®“°π’È °Á ¬— ß ‰¥â  à ß ‡¥Á ° ŒÕ≈— 𠥓
‡¢â“¡“‡√’¬π¿“…“‰∑¬ ®÷ß∑”„À≥â
√Ÿâ ®— ° ¢π∫∏√√¡‡π’ ¬ ¡¢Õ߉∑¬¥â « ¬
‡Õ° “√∑’Ë¡’§”»—æ∑套È߇¥‘¡¡’Õ¬Ÿà
¡“°„π ¡—¬√—µπ‚° ‘π∑√å µ—ßÈ ·µàª≈“¬
 ¡—¬√—™°“≈∑’Ë Ú ‡¡◊ËÕ™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π‡√‘Ë¡

Ò
æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ∫—π∑÷°‰«â«à“ ç ∫Ÿàé ¡“®“°§”«à“ çsapué  à«π Collins Pocket English-Portuguese Português-Inglês
Dictionary „À⧔·ª≈¢Õߧ” çsoapé «à“ çsabãoé

𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥
173
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

‡¢â“¡“µ‘¥µàÕ ∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß‡¥àπ¡“°°Á§◊Õ ¥√.·¥π ∫’™ ·∫√¥≈’¬å (Dr. Dan Beach Bradley) ´÷Ëߧπ‰∑¬√Ÿâ®—°„ππ“¡«à“
À¡Õ∫≈—¥‡≈¬å À√◊Õ ª≈—¥‡≈ „πµÕπ°≈“ß ¡—¬√—™°“≈∑’Ë Û
µ—«Õ¬à“ߧ”∑—∫»—æ∑套È߇¥‘¡∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬ ¡’¥—ßπ’È
Andrew Jackson Õ—π‡√¬—° Õπ
beater Õ’‡µâÕ
Bradley ª≈—¥‡≈
Cartwright §√Ÿ°—¥‰√
colony °–≈–π’
Corporal ¢∫øÑ“≈—πË
credential °√–¥“π “√/ “π
Crawford °“√–øí¥/°–√–Ωí¥
Edmund Robert ‡Õ¡‘π√“∫—¥
government °—¥øíπ¡—π
Henry Burney À—πµ√’ ∫“√–π’
Home News ‚À¡π‘«
Hunter À—π·µ√
lemonade (πÈ”)¡–‡πÁ¥
lieutenant ‚À≈¥µ–‡≈π‡µ
McFarland ‡¡¶øÑ“≈—Ëπ
madam ·¡à¥”
Marquis Hastings ¡“√“°‘»À—»µ÷Ëß
Missionary Mattoon ¡‘¥©π“√’¬ À¡Õ¡–µŸπ
Mr. Park ¡‘ ‡µÕ√媓°
phosphorus Ω“»ÿ¿‡√»
Portugal ª–µŸ°—π, æÿ∑‡°µ, æÿ∑‡°»
Rangin ·√âß°‘π
Royal Patent √“™ª–·µπ
Sir James Brooks ‡´Õ√凙¡ —∫√ÿ°, ‡´Õ√凬’ˬ¡∫ÿ√ÿ°, ‡¬¡ —ª√ÿ…, ‡¬  —ª√ÿ…, ‡¬ —ª∫ÿ√ÿ…
St. James ‡ π‡¬¡
telegraph µ–·≈Á∫·°ä∫

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬ ∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ ·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ…
174

√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡√◊ËÕßπ’È®–
À“Õà“π‰¥â„π«‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏å‡√◊ËÕß ç°“√
‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ߧ«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”
 ”π«π ·≈–≈”¥—∫¢Õߧ”„π¿“…“
‰∑¬ ¡—¬√—µπ‚° ‘π∑√åé ¢Õß «—≈¬“
(«‘¡ÿ°µ–≈æ) ™â“ߢ«—≠¬◊π
§«“¡‰¡à §ÿâ 𠇧¬°— ∫ ‡ ’ ¬ ß®“°
¿“…“µ–«— π µ° ‚¥¬‡©æ“–¿“…“
Õ—ß°ƒ…π—Èπ ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â„π®¥À¡“¬´÷Ëß
æ√–»√’ ÿπ∑√‚«À“√‰¥â√—∫æ√–∫√¡-
√“™‚Õß°“√®“°æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–
®Õ¡‡°≈â“œ „Àâ¡’®¥À¡“¬∂÷ߢÿπ»√’
 ¬“¡°‘® (‡πµ√) ºŸ™â «à ¬√“™°“√°ß ÿ≈
ΩÉ“¬ ¬“¡ ≥ ‡¡◊Õß ‘ߧ‚ª√å ¡’§«“¡
µÕπÀπ÷Ëß∑’ˇ√’¬° Anna Leonowens
«à“ ç·¡¡‡π«≈–‡«πé ( . æ≈“¬πâÕ¬.
ÚıÛ¯ : ÙÒ)
„π ¡—¬ª≈“¬√—™°“≈∑’Ë Û ‡¡◊ËÕ
√—∞∫“≈Õ—ß°ƒ…„Àâ Sir James Brooks
‡ªì π ∑Ÿ µ ¡“¢Õ·°â À π— ß  ◊ Õ  — ≠ ≠“π—È π
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π—Ë߇°≈â“œ ∑√ß
‰¥â¬‘π°√¡∑à“∑Ÿ≈«à“™◊ËÕ ç‡¬¡ —ª√ÿ…é
®÷ ß µ√—   «à “ ç™◊Ë Õ ‡ ’ ¬ ߇ªì π  — ª √ÿ … ®–
‡ªì π §π„®¥’ ¥ Õ°°√–¡— ß é µà Õ ¡“„π
 ¡—¬√—™°“≈∑’Ë ı ‡¡◊ËÕæ√–Õߧ几¥Á®
¢÷Èπ§√Õß√“™¬å„À¡à Ê π—Èπ Sir James
Brooks ´÷Ëß„π¢≥–π—Èπ¥”√ßµ”·Àπàß
√“™“·Àà߇¡◊Õß´“√“«—° (ªí®®ÿ∫—π‡ªìπ
√—∞Àπ÷ËߢÕß¡“‡≈‡´’¬) ‰¥â¡’Àπ—ß ◊Õ
‡¢â“¡“∂«“¬æ√–æ√ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑√ßÀπ—ß ◊Õ
π—È π ·≈â « °Á ∑ √߇¢’ ¬ π∫πÀ≈— ß ´Õß«à “
箥À¡“¬‡´Õ√凮¡  ∫√ÿä°é ·≈â««“ß
‰«â ¢â “ ß∑’Ë À≈— ß ®“°∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ‡  ¥Á ® ÕÕ°
¢ÿππ“ß·≈â« ‰¥â¡’√—∫ —Ëß„À⇮â“æ√–¬“
𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥
π√√—µπåœ ‰ª‡√’¬°‡Õ“Àπ—ß ◊Õπ—Èπ¡“
·µà√ÕÕ¬Ÿà‡∑à“„¥°Á‰¡à‰¥âÀπ—ß ◊Õ ‡¡◊ËÕ
‡ ¥Á ® ¢÷È π ®÷ ß µ√—   ∂“¡‡®â “ §ÿ ≥ æ√–
ª√–¬Ÿ √ «ß»å ´÷Ë ß ¢≥–π—È π ‡ªì π æ√–
 π¡‡Õ°æπ—°ß“π√—°…“Àπ—ß ◊Õ¢â“ß
∑’Ë«à“§âπÀπ—ß ◊Õ‰¡àæ∫À√◊Õ ‡®â“§ÿ≥
æ√–ª√–¬Ÿ√«ß»å°√“∫∑Ÿ≈«à“§ÿ≥‡æ’¬π
‡∂â“·°à‰ª∫Õ°«à“µâÕßæ√–√“™ª√– ß§å
Àπ—ß ◊Õ ´÷Ëß∑√߇¢’¬π≈“¬æ√–À—µ∂å
‰«âÀ≈—ß´Õß«à“ ç§√◊Õ§–√÷é §âπ‰¡àæ∫
°Á®π„® «—π√ÿàߢ÷Èπ®÷ß∑√ßµ√— µàÕ«à“‡®â“
æ√–¬“π√√—µπåœ «à“Õ¬à“߉√®÷߉ª‡√’¬°
Àπ—ß ◊Õπ—Èπ«à“ ç§√◊Õ§–√÷é ‡®â“æ√–¬“
π√√— µ πå œ °√“∫∑Ÿ ≈ ªØ‘ ‡  ∏«à “ ç¢â “
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“‰¡à‰¥â‡√’¬°«à“ §√◊Õ§–√÷
‰ª∫Õ°§ÿ ≥ ‡æ’ ¬ π‡∂â “ ·°à «à “ Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ
´’®”ª≈ÿä° µ“¡√—∫ —Ëßé ( . æ≈“¬πâÕ¬.
ÚıÛ¯ : ˜˘-¯)
µ— « Õ¬à “ ߢ⠓ ßµâ π ™’È „ Àâ ‡ ÀÁ π «à “
¿“…“µà “ ߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë ‡ ¢â “ ¡“ Ÿà ¿ “…“
‰∑¬¬àÕ¡µâÕß∂Ÿ°¥—¥·ª≈߇¢â“ Ÿà√–∫∫
‡ ’¬ß¢Õ߉∑¬ ·¡â®–‰¡à√Ÿâ§«“¡À¡“¬
°Á¢Õ„Àâøíß ç‡¢â“ÀŸé ‰«â°àÕπ
„πªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È §π‰∑¬¡’§«“¡§ÿâπ
‡§¬°— ∫ ¿“…“Õ— ß °ƒ…¡“°¢÷È π °“√
‡¢’ ¬ π§”∑— ∫ »— æ ∑å ®÷ ß ‡√‘Ë ¡ ‡¢â “ ¡“„°≈â
‡§’ ¬ ß°“√ÕÕ°‡ ’ ¬ ßµ“¡¿“…“‡¥‘ ¡
¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ¥â«¬ ·µà®– 燢â“ÀŸé À√◊Õ
ç∂Ÿ°µ“ ∂Ÿ°„®é §π‰∑¬À√◊Õ‰¡àπ—Èπ
‡ªìπÕ’°‡√◊ÕË ßÀπ÷ßË
°“√≈“°§«“¡‡¢â“ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬
¥—ß∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“·≈â«¢â“ßµâππ’Èπà“®–‡√’¬°
‰¥â Siamization À√◊Õ Thai-ization
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡Ω√—Ëß„π ¡—¬·√°‡√’¬°
175
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
¿“…“‰∑¬«à“ ç¿“…“ ¬“¡é ¥—ß∑’Ë
ª√“°Ø„π§”π”¢Õß §”¿’ √å   √√æ-
ε
æ®π“πÿ‚¬§ ¢Õß · ¡Ÿ‡ÕÁ≈ ‡®.  ¡‘∑
´÷Ëßæ‘¡æå„π ¡—¬√—™°“≈∑’Ë Û «à“
ç...¢â“懮ⓠ‰¥â æ—° Õ¬Ÿà ∫‘¥“
¡“√¥“ ‡≈’È¬ß „π °√ÿß ‡∑æ œ  Õß ªï
‰¥â Õÿ…à“ À—¥ 柮 À—¥ ‡¢’¬π ¿“…“
ε
 ¬“¡...é (· ¡Ÿ‡ÕÁ≈ ‡®.  ¡‘∑. ÚıÙÚ :
XX)
∫∑§«“¡π’È ®÷ ß ¢Õ„™â »— æ ∑å «à “
Siamization
ˆ. °“√≈“°‡¢â “ §«“¡ Ÿà ¿ “…“
Õ—ß°ƒ…
„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈ࡇ≈Á° Ê ∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷ß
¿“…“¢Õߧπ√ÿàπ„À¡à‡≈à¡Àπ÷Ëß ¡’¢âÕ
§«“¡«à“
ç∂â“©—π¡’ªóπ Ú Õ—π ©—π®–·∫àß
„Àâ‡∏ÕÀπ÷ËßÕ—π ‡√“®–‰¥â¡’ GUN ·≈–
GUN ‰ß®ä–é (Õ√√≥æ À¡—Ëπ‡®√‘≠.
ÚıÙ˘ : ˜)
ª√–‚¬§π’È™’È„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ °“√‡¢’¬π
§”‰∑¬¥â«¬Õ—°…√‚√¡—π (A-Z) µ°
Õ¬Ÿà„µâÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… „π
°√≥’π’È®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°§”«à“ ç°—πé ∑’Ë
‡¢’¬π«à“ çGUNé ®÷߉¡à·ª≈°Õ–‰√∑’Ë
§π∑—Ë«‰ª®–‡√’¬°°“√‡¢’¬π‡™àππ’È«à“
燢’¬π¿“…“‰∑¬‡ªìπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…é
Longman Dictionary of Eng-
lish Language and Culture ¡’§”«à“
çanglicizeé ´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡À¡“¬«à“ çto
make English or British in appear-
ance, sound, character, etc.é À√◊Õ
ç°“√∑”„Àâ¡’≈—°…≥– ¡’‡ ’¬ß À√◊Õ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
µ—«Õ—°¢√– ‡À¡◊ÕπÕ—ß°ƒ…é
°“√‡¢’¬π§”·∫∫ AnglicizationÚ
®÷߉¥â·°à°“√‡¢’¬π‡≈’¬π·∫∫§”À√◊Õ
‡ ’¬ß„π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…π—Ëπ‡Õß «‘∏’°“√
‡™àππ’È®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â∫π®Õ‚∑√∑—»πå ¬“¡
∑’Ë√âÕ߇æ≈ß ç§“√“‚Õ‡°–é ‡π◊ÈÕ‡æ≈ß
¿“…“‰∑¬∑’Ë ‡ ¢’ ¬ π‚¥¬„™â Õ— ° …√™ÿ ¥
A-Z π—Èπ §◊Õ°“√‡¢’¬π·∫∫ Anglici-
zation ‰¡à„™à Romanization À√◊Õ
ç°“√‡¢’¬π‚¥¬„™âÕ—°…√‚√¡—πé
Õ—°…√‚√¡—π°Á§◊Õ µ—« A ∂÷ßµ—« Z
π—Ëπ‡Õß §π∑—Ë«‰ª®–‡√’¬°Õ—°…√ Úˆ
µ—«π’È«à“ ç¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…é À√◊Õ çÕ—°…√
Õ—ß°ƒ…é ·µàπ—°¿“…“®–‡√’¬°Õ—°…√
™ÿ¥π’È«à“Õ—°…√‚√¡—π ‡æ√“–¡‘„™à‡æ’¬ß
¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…¿“…“‡¥’¬«‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë„™â
Õ— ° …√™ÿ ¥ π’È ¿“…“Õ◊Ë π Ê „π¬ÿ ‚ √ª
¡“°¡“¬°Á„™âÕ—°…√™ÿ¥π’È ‡™àπ Ω√—Ë߇»  æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«µâÕßÕà“π«à“ çpoomû
Õ‘µ“≈’ ‡¬Õ√¡—π  ‡ªπ œ≈œ ∫“ß¿“…“
Õ“®®–¡’µ—«æ‘‡»…¢Õßµπ‡Õß∫â“ß ·µà
°Á   “¡“√∂„™â Õ— ° …√µ— « „¥µ— « Àπ÷Ë ß „π
™ÿ¥π’È·∑π‰¥â πÕ°®“°¿“…“„π¬ÿ‚√ª
·≈â« ¿“…“„π‡Õ‡™’¬À≈“¬¿“…“°Á„™â
µ—«Õ¬à“ß «‘∏’‡¢’¬π·∫∫·√° ¡’ ‡™àπ
ç°—πé ‡¢’¬π«à“
ç®ãÕ¬é ‡¢’¬π«à“
ç´’éÈ ‡¢’¬π«à“
祗∫é ‡¢’¬π«à“
ç∂Ÿ°é ‡¢’¬π«à“
çæ‘…é ‡¢’¬π«à“
笗ßé ‡¢’¬π«à“
Ú
¥Ÿ√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π 𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥ ç¿“…“§“√“‚Õ‡°–é «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ªï∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ù µÿ≈“§¡ ÚıÙı-∏—𫓧¡ ÚıÙı, Àπâ“
ÒÒÚÙ-ÒÒÚ˜.
Õ—°…√‚√¡—π¥â«¬ ‡™à𠇫’¬¥π“¡ ∫“-
Œ“´“¡“‡≈‡´’¬ ∫“Œ“´“Õ‘π‚¥π’‡´’¬
œ≈œ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ߥ—ß«à“
π’È Õ “®®–°≈à “ «‰¥â «à “ ‡ªì 𠧫“¡√Ÿâ
‡©æ“–¢Õß«ß°“√¿“…“‡∑à“π—Èπ ºŸâ„™â
¿“…“∑—Ë « ‰ª∑’Ë µ °Õ¬Ÿà „ µâ Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈¢Õß
¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…¡—°®–‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫√Ÿâ¥â«¬
„π æ.». ÚıÛ ‡¡◊ËÕæ√–∫“∑
 ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–‡®â “ Õ¬Ÿà À— « ·≈– ¡‡¥Á ®
æ√–π“߇®â“æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂ ‡ ¥Á®
æ√–√“™¥”‡π‘ 𠇬◊ Õ π À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “
π—Èπ æ√–‡®â“«√«ß»å‡∏Õ æ√–Õߧ凮â“
«‘ ¿ “«¥’ √— ß  ‘ µ ‰¥â ∑ √ß∫— π ∑÷ ° ‰«â «à “
°√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑» À√—∞œ ‰¥â
∑”§Ÿà ¡◊ Õ °“√ÕÕ°‡ ’ ¬ ß·≈–«‘ ∏’ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π
æ√–π“¡·≈–™◊Ë Õ ºŸâ µ “¡‡ ¥Á ® ‰«â ¥â « ¬
‡™à π æ√–π“¡¢Õßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ®
eeû pone ah doonû dateûé çDr.
Khomané (¥√.∂π—¥ §Õ¡—πµå) „Àâ
Õà “ π«à “ çcoeû mahné ‡®â “ §ÿ ≥ »√’
«‘ “√œ ‡¢’¬π çSrivisaré „ÀâÕà“π«à“
çsea-wee-sané ·µà™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π
çguné
çjoyé
çseeé
çdubé
çtooké
çpité
çyoungé
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬ ∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ ·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ…
176
®–Õà“π«à“ ç´’-«’-·´πé ¥√.°— ≈ ¬å
Õ‘»√‡ π“ „ÀâÕà“π«à“ çDr. eats sah
rahû say nahé çMr. Krairikshé
(π“¬æŸπ‡æ‘Ë¡ ‰°√ƒ°…å) „ÀâÕà“π«à“
çcry rishé ·∂¡¡’«ß‡≈Á∫¢â“ßÀ≈—ß«à“
(§≈âÕß°—∫ swish) æ√–π“¡ ç«‘¿“«¥’é
„ÀâÕà“π«à“ çwee pahû wah deeé
(«‘¿“«¥’√—ß ‘µ. ÚıÙ˘ : ¯¯-¯˘)
®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“‡ªì𧫓¡æ¬“¬“¡
∑’Ë®–„™â‡ ’¬ß·≈–§”„π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…
¡“™à«¬°“√Õà“𧔉∑¬ À√◊Õ ç°“√
∂Õ¥¿“…“‰∑¬„À⇪ìπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…é
´÷Ë ß ºŸâ „ ™â ¿ “…“‰∑¬„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¡— ° ®–
‡√’¬°°—π«à“ 燢’¬π‡ªìπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…é
„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π «‘ ∏’ ° “√∂Õ¥¿“…“
‰∑¬„À⇪ìπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…À√◊Õ Angli-
cization ¡’Õ¬Ÿà Û «‘∏’ §◊Õ «‘∏’·√°
∂Ⓡ ’¬ßπ—Èπµ√ßÀ√◊Õ§≈⓬°—∫¿“…“
Õ—ß°ƒ…§”„¥°Á®–„™â§”π—Èπ «‘∏’∑’Ë Ú
∂â“À“§”Õ—ß°ƒ…¡“„™â‚¥¬µ√߉¡à‰¥â°Á
„™â«‘∏’‡∑’¬∫°—∫§”„°≈⇧’¬ß «‘∏’∑’Ë Û
∂Ⓡªìπ§”∑—∫»—æ∑åÕ¬Ÿà·≈â« °Á„™â§”
‡¥‘¡π—πÈ
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

ç√∂é ‡¢’¬π«à“ çroteé

ç≈Õßé ‡¢’¬π«à“ çlongé
ç √âÕ¬é ‡¢’¬π«à“ çsoyé
ç ‘πé ‡¢’¬π«à“ çsiné
çÀ≈—ßé ‡¢’¬π«à“ çlungé

µ—«Õ¬à“ß «‘∏’‡¢’¬π·∫∫∑’Ë Ú ¡’ ‡™àπ

燢“é ‡¢’¬π«à“ çkowé (‡∑’¬∫°—∫ how)
燮â“é ‡¢’¬π«à“ çjowé (‡∑’¬∫°—∫ how)
ç°≈—∫é ‡¢’¬π«à“ çglubé (‡∑’¬∫°—∫ club)
çπÈ”é ‡¢’¬π«à“ çnumé (‡∑’¬∫°—∫ number)
ç√âÕ¬é ‡¢’¬π«à“ çroyé (‡∑’¬∫°—∫ joy)
ç≈Õ¬é ‡¢’¬π«à“ çloyé (‡∑’¬∫°—∫ joy)
ç«—πé ‡¢’¬π«à“ çwuné (‡∑’¬∫°—∫ nun)

µ—«Õ¬à“ß «‘∏’‡¢’¬π·∫∫∑’Ë Û ¡’ ‡™àπ

çªî°ö Õ—æé ‡¢’¬π«à“ çpick upé
燧√¥‘µé ‡¢’¬π«à“ çcredité
∂â“À“§”‡∑’¬∫‰¡à‰¥â °Á欓¬“¡‡∑’¬∫‡ ’¬ß‚¥¬‰¡àÕ“»—¬À≈—°«‘™“Õ—π„¥
‡ ’¬ßÕÕ „™â or À√◊Õ au À√◊Õ aw ‡ªìπµ—«·∑π°Á‰¥â ‡™àπ
ç°Áé ‡¢’¬π«à“ çgawé
ç§√é ‡¢’¬π«à“ çkorné
çµâÕßé ‡¢’¬π«à“ çtaungé
ç∫Õ°é ‡¢’¬π«à“ çbauké
®÷ßπ—∫‰¥â«à“‡ªì𧫓¡æ¬“¬“¡Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß∑’Ë®–‡∑’¬∫°—∫‡ ’¬ß¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…„À≥⠂¥¬‰¡à π„®§«“¡À¡“¬ ·≈–‰¡à π„®
«à“®–„™â Ÿµ√Õ¬à“ߧ߇ âπ§ß«“À√◊Õ‰¡à

„πªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È¡’ºŸâ„™â√–∫∫ Anglicization ‡¢’¬π™◊ËÕ‡©æ“–°—πÕ¬à“ß¡“°¡“¬ ‡™àπ

¢Õ∫øÑ“ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Cop Far
™—¥ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Shut
ªíôπ¢≈‘∫ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Pan Clip
Ωíπ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Fun
æ√æ‘» ‡¢’¬π«à“ Porn Pit
æ“∑’ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Party
·æπ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Pan

𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥
177
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

øí°‡¢’¬« ‡¢’¬π«à“ Fuck Cure

¡‘µ√ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Meet
‡¡µµ“ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Meta
≈—°…≥å ‡¢’¬π«à“ Luck
«—π‡æÁ≠ ‡¢’¬π«à“ One Pen
»√’»—°¥‘Ï ‡¢’¬π«à“ See Suck
 ¡√ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Small
 √âÕ¬øÑ“ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Soy Far
 “¡“√∂ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Smart
 ‘ßÀå ‡¢’¬π«à“ Sing
 ‘∑∏‘Ï ‡¢’¬π«à“ Sit
 ‘Èπ°√√¡ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Sin Gum
· ¥ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Sad
À¡Õ™‘µ ‡¢’¬π«à“ More Chit
‰À¡ ‡¢’¬π«à“ My
ÕâÕ¬ ‡¢’¬π«à“ Oil

˜. ∫∑ √ÿª ∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ ¡≈“¬“ æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ Úıı. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë

°“√≈“°‡¢â “ §«“¡§◊ Õ §«“¡
欓¬“¡∑’Ë ® –„™â §”®“°¿“…“µà “ ß
ª√–‡∑»‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ ◊ËÕ “√„π¿“…“¢Õß
µπ „π™—È π µâ π ®–¡’ ° “√·ª≈߇ ’ ¬ ß
·≈–§”„À⇢⓰—∫√–∫∫¿“…“¢Õßµπ
°àÕπ ‚¥¬‡≈◊Õ°„™â§”∑’˵π√Ÿâ®—° ∫“ß
§√—Èß°“√·ª≈߇ ’¬ß·≈–§”Õ“®®–‡Õπ
‡Õ’¬ß‰ª Ÿà¿“…“∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ ‡æ◊ËÕ
· ¥ß§«“¡‡ªì π ºŸâ √Ÿâ ·µà ∫ “ߧ√—È ß °Á
· ¥ß§«“¡‡ªìπºŸâ‰¡à√Ÿâ ‡æ√“–»—æ∑å∑’Ë
‰¥â‡°‘¥®“°§«“¡‡¢â“„®º‘¥ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π
¡’§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡„π∑“ß°≈—∫°—π π—Ëπ
§◊Õ°“√·ª≈ߧ”‰∑¬‰ª Ÿà§”À√◊Õ‡ ’¬ß
„π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ´÷ËßÕ“®®–‰¡à‡ªìπº≈
¥’µàÕ°“√ ◊ËÕ “√°Á‰¥â.
¢®√  ÿ¢æ“π‘™. ÚıÙı. Õ¬ÿ∏¬“§¥’. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß
∑’Ë Ú (©∫—∫ª√—∫ª√ÿß„À¡à). °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
Õߧ尓√§â“§ÿ√ÿ ¿“.
¡∏ÿ√  »ÿ¿º≈. ÚıÙ˜. ™“«‚ª√µÿ‡° ·≈– ¬“¡
 ¡—¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Òˆ. ·ª≈®“° Os
Portugueses e o Sião no Seéculo XVI
‡¢’¬π‚¥¬ Maria da Conceição. °√ÿß-
‡∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æåÕÕ√姑¥.
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π. ÚıÙˆ. æ®π“πÿ°√¡©∫—∫
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙÚ. æ‘¡æå
§√—Èß∑’Ë Ò. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : π“π¡’∫ÿ䧠å.
«—≈¬“ «‘¡ÿ°µ–≈æ («—≈¬“ ™â“ߢ«—≠¬◊π). ÚıÒÛ.
°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ߧ«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ” ”π«π
·≈–≈”¥— ∫ ¢Õߧ”„π¿“…“‰∑¬ ¡— ¬
√—µπ‚° ‘π∑√å. «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏åª√‘≠≠“¡À“
∫—≥±‘µ ¿“§«‘™“¿“…“‰∑¬ ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬.
«‘¿“«¥’√—ß ‘µ, æ√–‡®â“«√«ß»å‡∏Õ æ√–Õߧ凮â“.
ÚıÙ˘. ‡ ¥Á ® æ√–√“™¥”‡π‘ π  À√— ∞ -
Õ‡¡√‘°“ æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÛ ª“°’ ∂“π
æÿ ∑ ∏»— ° √“™ Úıı ·≈– Àæ— π ∏√— ∞
Ú. ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘«‘¿“«¥’√—ß ‘µ.
 . æ≈“¬πâÕ¬. ÚıÛ¯. ™“«µà“ß™“µ‘„πª√–«—µ‘
»“ µ√å‰∑¬. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë Ù. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
√«¡ “ åπ.
· ¡Ÿ‡ÕÁ≈ε ‡®.  ¡‘∑. ÚıÙÚ. §”¿’√ å √√ææ®π“-
πÿ‚¬§ A Comprehensive Anglo-Siamese
Dictionary by Samuel J. Smith (æ‘¡æå
§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú) °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æå·Ààß
®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬.
Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π, æ√–¬“. ÚıÚÚ. π‘√°ÿ µ‘»“ µ√å.
(æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë Û). °√ÿ߇∑æœ : §≈—ß«‘∑¬“.
Õ√√≥æ À¡—Ëπ‡®√‘≠. ÚıÙ˘. 查®“¿“…“°‘Í°.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : ‰øπå ‰√∑å.
Collins Pocket English-Portuguese Português-
Inglês Dictionary. 2001.
Longman Dictionary of English Language
and Culture. 1992.
Richards, Jack C. et al. 2002. Longman
Dictionary of Language Teaching and
Applied Linguistics. Third Edition.
Pearson Education.

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
°“√≈“°‡¢â“§«“¡ Ÿà¿“…“‰∑¬ ∫“≈’ —π °ƒµ ·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ…
178
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

Abstract Popular Etymology: Vocabulary Adaptations Between Thai, Pali-Sanskrit, and English Languages
Nitaya Kanchanawan
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand

Foreign words, archaic words, and dialects whose original meanings maybe unknown
maybe borrowed and adapted to local words or sounds that convey specific meanings. In the
Thai language the so-called “borrowed” words or phrases maybe changed into Thai (Siamization)
or Pali-Sanskrit (Pali-Sanskritization) which may or may not convey the original meaning.
Conversion in the opposite direction is the adaptation from Thai into English (Anglicization) of
words or phrases whose new meaning(s) maybe changed or may not carry the sense of the
original meaning.

Key words: popular etymology, siamization, Pali-Sanskritization, anglicization

ç‡√“¡’‚™§¥’∑’Ë¡’¿“…“¢Õßµπ‡Õß·µà‚∫√“≥°“≈ ®÷ß ¡§«√Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß∑’Ë®–√—°…“‰«â ªí≠À“‡©æ“–„π¥â“π

√—°…“¿“…“π’È°Á¡’À≈“¬ª√–°“√ Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷ËßµâÕß√—°…“„Àâ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï„π∑“ßÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß §◊Õ„ÀâÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß„Àâ
∂Ÿ°µâÕß™—¥‡®π Õ’°Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷ËßµâÕß√—°…“„Àâ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï‚¥¬«‘∏’„™â À¡“¬§«“¡«à“«‘∏’„™â§”¡“ª√–°Õ∫‡ªìπ
ª√–‚¬§ π—∫‡ªìπªí≠À“ ”§—≠ ®÷ßµâÕß¡’°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘»—æ∑å„À¡à¡“„™â...  ”À√—∫§”„À¡à∑’˵—Èߢ÷Èπ¡’§«“¡
®”‡ªìπ∑“ß«‘™“°“√‰¡à„™àπâÕ¬ ·µà∫“ߧ”∑’Ëßà“¬ Ê °Á§«√®–¡’ §«√®–„™â§”‡°à“ Ê ∑’ˇ√“¡’Õ¬Ÿà·≈⫉¡à§«√
¡“µ—Èß»—æ∑å„À¡à„Àâ¬ÿà߬“°... ·µà°“√µ—Èߧ”„À¡àπ—Èπ¡’À≈—°À≈“¬ª√–°“√ ·≈–ºŸâ∑’˵—Èß»—æ∑åπ—ÈπµâÕß√Ÿâ§”·≈–
À≈—°¢Õß¿“…“≈÷°´÷Èß∑—Èß¿“…“‰∑¬∑—Èß¿“…“µà“ߪ√–‡∑»...é (æ√–√“™¥”√— æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“-
Õ¬ŸàÀ—« „π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß™ÿ¡πÿ¡¿“…“‰∑¬ §≥–Õ—°…√»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
«—π∑’Ë Ú˘ °√°Æ“§¡ Úıı)

𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥
179
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

®‘µ√°√√¡¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈ ªí≠≠“ «‘®‘π∏π “√*

‡≈‘»»‘√‘√å ∫«√°‘µµ‘**
Ωïæ√–À—µ∂åæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« √—™°“≈∑’Ë ˘

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
æ√–Õ—®©√‘¬¿“æ¥â“𮑵√°√√¡·≈–®‘πµ¿“æΩïæ√–À—µ∂åæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«¿Ÿ¡‘æ≈Õ¥ÿ≈¬‡¥™
√—™°“≈∑’Ë ˘ ‰¥âª√–®—°…å™—¥‡ªìπ∑’Ë·´à´âÕß √√‡ √‘≠®“°æ °π‘°√™“«‰∑¬·≈–™“«µà“ß™“µ‘∑—Ë«‚≈°. §≥–ºŸâ»÷°…“
‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“ß“π®‘µ√°√√¡¢Õßæ√–Õߧå∑’˪√–¥‘…∞“πÕ¬Ÿàµ“¡∑’˵à“ßÊ ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“¬“«π“π°«à“ Ò ªï
·≈–‰¥âπ”º≈ß“π™à«ß·√°„π™◊ËÕ çæ√–Õ—®©√‘¬¿“æ¥â“𮑵√°√√¡·≈–®‘πµ¿“æΩïæ√–À—µ∂å„π√—™°“≈∑’Ë ˘é ‡ πÕ
„π«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». ÚıÙˆÒ ∫∑§«“¡™ÿ¥„À¡àπ’ȇªìπ√“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß∑’ˇ πÕ
®‘µ√°√√¡¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈Ωïæ√–À—µ∂å¢Õßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« ´÷Ëßæ√–Õߧå∑√ßß“π‰«â∑—Èß¿“懥’ˬ«
·≈–¿“æ°≈ÿà¡∫ÿ§§≈. ºŸâ»÷°…“‰¥â«‘‡§√“–Àå‡π◊ÈÕÀ“µ“¡√Ÿª·∫∫ ·π«§‘¥ ‡®µ§µ‘ ·≈–·π«°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß
»‘≈ªîπµ“¡À≈—°«‘™“°“√»‘≈ª– √«¡∂÷ß°“√∫√√¬“¬§«“¡‡™‘ߪ√—™≠“ „π°√Õ∫¢Õߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å·≈–∑ƒ…Æ’»‘≈ªá
¥â«¬§«“¡ ”π÷°Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß„πæ√–¡À“°√ÿ≥“∏‘§ÿ≥¢Õßæ√–ÕߧåµàÕ«ß°“√»‘≈ª°√√¡√à«¡ ¡—¬‰∑¬ ‰¥â§“¥À«—ß
«à“º≈ß“πæ√–Õ—®©√‘¬¿“æ¢Õßæ√–Õߧ宖‡Õ◊ÈÕª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ«ß°“√∑—»π»‘≈ªá·≈–°“√»÷°…“¢Õ߉∑¬.

§” ”§—≠ : ®‘µ√°√√¡¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ, ¿“æΩïæ√–À—µ∂å, æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«

¿Ÿ¡‘À≈—ß ‰∑¬Ú π”¡“´÷Ëߧ«“¡ª≈“∫ª≈◊È¡ªïµ‘ æ√–ª√’™“ “¡“√∂·≈–æ√–Õ—®©√‘¬-

„πß“π»‘≈ª°√√¡·Ààß™“µ‘§√—Èß
∑’Ë ÒÙ æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ Úıˆ æ√–∫“∑
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«¿Ÿ¡‘æ≈Õ¥ÿ≈¬-
‡¥™ √— ™ °“≈∑’Ë ˘ „π√“™«ß»å ®— ° √’
·Àà ß °√ÿ ß √— µ π‚° ‘ π ∑√å ‰¥â ∑ √ßæ√–
°√ÿ ≥ “‚ª√¥‡°≈â “ ‚ª√¥°√–À¡à Õ ¡
æ√–√“™∑“π¿“殑 µ √°√√¡Ωï æ √–
À—µ∂å√à«¡· ¥ß‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°„πª√–-
«— µ‘ » “ µ√å »‘ ≈ ª°√√¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
·°à « ß°“√»‘ ≈ ª°√√¡ ¡— ¬ „À¡à ¢ Õß
‰∑¬ π—∫«à“‡ªìπæ√–¡À“°√ÿ≥“∏‘§ÿ≥
≈âπ‡°≈â“≈âπ°√–À¡àÕ¡∑’Ëæ√–Õߧå∑√ß
¡’µàÕ‡À≈à“»‘≈ªîπ ∫ÿ§≈“°√„π·«¥«ß
»‘ ≈ ª°√√¡ ·≈–æ °π‘ ° √™“«‰∑¬
‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß ∑’ËÕߧåæ√–ª√–¡ÿ¢¢Õß
ª√–‡∑» ∑√߇ªìπÕߧåÕÿª∂—¡¿å°“√
 √â “ ß √√§å · ≈–‡º¬·æ√à ß “π»‘ ≈ ª–
·≈–∑√ß· ¥ß„Àâ ‡ ªì π ∑’Ë ª √–®— ° …å „ π
¿“æ∑“ß»‘≈ª°√√¡ ®“°ß“π∑’Ë∑√ß
 √â“ß √√§å¥â«¬æ√–Õߧå‡Õß „π°“√
π’È ®÷ ß ‡ªì π  — ≠ ≠“≥ ”§— ≠ °√–µÿâ π ®‘ µ
 ”π÷ ° ¢Õß»‘ ≈ ªî π ·≈–ºŸâ ‡ °’Ë ¬ «¢â Õ ß„Àâ
µ√–Àπ— ° §ÿ ≥ ª√–‚¬™πå · ≈–§ÿ ≥ §à “
¢Õß»‘≈ª°√√¡ª√–‡¿∑∑—»π»‘≈ªá¥—ß
æ√–√“™¥”√—   „πæ‘ ∏’ ‡ ªî ¥ ß“π· ¥ß
»‘≈ª°√√¡·Ààß™“µ‘ §√—Èß∑’Ë ÒÛ ‡¡◊ËÕ
«—π∑’Ë Ú °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å æ.». ÚııÛ
¥—ßπ’È

* §≥∫¥’§≥–®‘µ√°√√¡ª√–µ‘¡“°√√¡·≈–¿“ææ‘¡æå ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬»‘≈ª“°√ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√

** ºŸâ™à«¬§≥∫¥’ΩÉ“¬«‘‡∑» —¡æ—π∏å·≈–°‘®°√√¡æ‘‡»… §≥–»‘≈ª°√√¡»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∫Ÿ√æ“ ™≈∫ÿ√’

®‘µ√°√√¡¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈
Ωïæ√–À—µ∂åæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« √—™°“≈∑’Ë ˘
180
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

çß“π· ¥ß»‘≈ª°√√¡·Ààß™“µ‘ πÕ°®“°®–¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√
 à߇ √‘¡Õ—®©√‘¬¿“æ¢Õß»‘≈ªîπ·≈â« ¬—ß √â“߇°’¬√µ‘„Àâ·°à™“µ‘ ·≈–Õ”π«¬
ª√–‚¬™πå · °à ª √–™“™π‚¥¬ à « π√«¡„Àâ ¡’ ‚ Õ°“ „ΩÉ „ ®„π ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë   «¬ß“¡
‡®√‘ ≠ µ“·≈–‡®√‘ ≠ „®‡ªì π º≈„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ π‘  — ¬ √— ° §«“¡ª√–≥’ µ «‘ ®‘ µ √∫√√®ß
¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°≈–‡Õ’¬¥ÕàÕπ ‡°‘¥§«“¡§‘¥„π∑“ß∑’Ë¥’ß“¡‡ªìπ°“√¬°√–¥—∫∑“ß
®‘µ„®¢Õߪ√–™“™π„𙓵‘„À⠟ߢ÷Èπé

®‘µ√°√√¡Ωïæ√–À—µ∂åæ√–∫“∑ ®–‡ªì 𠧫“¡™◊Ë π ™Õ∫·≈–§«“¡ π ∑√ß»÷°…“„πª√–‡∑»·∂∫¬ÿ‚√ª∑’Ë¡’

 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«‡ªìπ»‘≈ª°√√¡
 “¢“∑— » π»‘ ≈ ªá ª √–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ë ß ‡™à π
‡¥’¬«°—∫ª√–µ‘¡“°√√¡·≈–°“√∂à“¬
¿“æ ∑’æË √–Õߧå∑√ß πæ√–√“™Àƒ∑—¬
·≈–∑√ßæ√–ª√’ ™ “ “¡“√∂ √â “ ß
 √√§å‰«âÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß·≈–≈ÿà¡≈÷°Ù
®‘µ√°√√¡Ωïæ√–À—µ∂åæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«‡∑à“∑’˺Ÿâ»÷°…“µ‘¥µ“¡
§âπ§«â“√«∫√«¡‰¥â ·∫àßµ“¡‡√◊ËÕß√“«
·≈–‡π◊ÈÕÀ“‡ªìπ¿“æ∫ÿ§§≈ ¿“æÀÿàπ
π‘Ëß ¿“æ∑‘«∑—»πå ·≈–¿“æπ“¡∏√√¡
(∑’Ë»‘≈ªîπµâÕß ”·¥ßæ≈—ßÕ“√¡≥å·≈–
®‘πµπ“°“√ Ÿß) ´÷ßË ¡’√ªŸ ·∫∫·≈–·π«
∑“ß°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°°«â“ߢ«“ßÀ≈“°
À≈“¬·µ°µà“ß°—𠇙àπ ≈—°…≥–·π«
‡À¡◊Õπ®√‘ß ·π«π“¡∏√√¡ ·π«°÷Ëß
π“¡∏√√¡ ®”π«π¢Õß¿“殑µ√°√√¡
Ωïæ√–À—µ∂å à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ
∫ÿ§§≈* ‡¥’ˬ«·≈–°≈ÿà¡∫ÿ§§≈ ´÷Ëßπà“
æ√–√“™Àƒ∑—¬ à«πæ√–Õߧå
‡π◊ËÕß„π«‚√°“ ∑’Ëæ√–∫“∑ ¡
‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√ߧ√Õß ‘√‘√“™-
 ¡∫— µ‘ ‡ ªì π ªï ∑’Ë ˆ ¥â « ¬ ”π÷ ° „π
æ√–°√ÿ ≥ “¡À“∏‘ §ÿ ≥ ≈â π ‡°≈â “ ≈â π
°√–À¡àÕ¡∑’Ëæ√–Õߧå∑√ߪؑ∫—µ‘æ√–
√“™°√≥’¬°‘®¥â“π»‘≈ª–¢Õß™“µ‘„Àâ
√ÿà߇√◊Õß ºŸâ‡¢’¬π¢Õæ√–√“™∑“πæ√–
∫√¡√“™“πÿ ≠ “µ π”º≈ß“π»÷ ° …“
 à«πÀπ÷Ëß∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√»÷°…“«‘‡§√“–Àå
¿“æ‡À¡◊ Õ π∫ÿ § §≈Ωï æ √–À— µ ∂å ¢ Õß
æ√–Õß§å ¡ “æ‘ ¡ æå ‡ ªì π ∫∑§«“¡«‘ ™ “
°“√‡º¬·æ√à ‡ ªì π §ÿ ≥Ÿ ª °“√„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥
§ÿ≥ª√–‚¬™πå∑“ߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å·≈–
∑“ß°“√»÷°…“¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«
°—∫®‘µ√°√√¡¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«
§«“¡»‘ «‘ ‰ ≈´å µ—È ß ·µà § √—È ß ¬— ß ∑√ßæ√–
‡¬“«å ·≈–‰¥â ∑ √ßæ∫‡ÀÁ π ß“π¢Õß
»‘ ≈ ªî π ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ ∑”„Àâ æ √–Õߧå ∑ √ß¡’
√ π‘ ¬ ¡„π∑“ß»‘ ≈ ª–Õ¬à “ ߥ’ ¬‘Ë ß ı
æ√–Õß§å ‰ ¥â ‡ √‘Ë ¡ ∑√ßß“π®‘ µ √°√√¡
Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—߇¡◊ËÕ¬“¡«à“߇«âπ®“°æ√–
√“™°‘® ‚¥¬∑√ß πæ√–√“™Àƒ∑—¬
°“√‡¢’¬π√Ÿª¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§ ’πÈ”¡—𠵓¡
∑’Ë ∑ √“∫¡“π—È π æ√–Õß§å ‰ ¥â ∑ √ßß“π
®‘ µ √°√√¡„π√–À«à “ ߪï æÿ ∑ ∏»— ° √“™
ÚıÚ-ÚıÒÛ
°“√∑√ßß“π®‘ µ √°√√¡„π™à « ß
·√°‡√‘Ë¡ æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬Ÿà
À— « ‰¥â ∑ √߇√‘Ë ¡ Ωñ ° Ωπ°“√‡¢’ ¬ π¿“æ
‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈‡ªìπÕ—π¥—∫·√° ¡’®”π«π
‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“ Û Õߧå ≈—°…≥–¢Õß
¿“æ∑√ß«“¥·∫∫‡À¡◊ Õ π®√‘ ß ·≈–
≈–‡Õ’¬¥¡“°ˆ

º≈ß“π®‘ µ √°√√¡´÷Ë ß ∑√߇¢’ ¬ π¿“æ‡À¡◊ Õ π„π√–¬–·√° Ê √“«ªï

æÿ ∑ ∏»— ° √“™ ÚıÚ-ÚıÛ ∑√ß»÷ ° …“§«“¡∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß®“°µâ π ·∫∫ ·≈–
„™â Ωï · ª√ß√–∫“¬· ß‡ß“Õ¬à “ ßπÿà ¡ π«≈ ∫√√¬“°“»·≈–∑à “ ∑“ߢÕß·∫∫

* ¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈ §◊Õ ¿“æ≈“¬‡ âπ ¿“æ‡¢’¬π ¿“æ∂à“¬ √Ÿª·°– ≈—°À√◊ÕªŸπªíôπ ¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈®√‘߉¡à«à“®–¡’™’«‘µÕ¬ŸàÀ√◊Õµ“¬·≈â«°Áµ“¡ ·≈–Õ“®∑”√Ÿª

§π‡À¡◊Õπ‡©æ“–„∫Àπâ“ §√÷Ëßµ—« À√◊Õ‡µÁ¡µ—« Õ“®‡ªìπ¿“æÀπ⓵√ßÀ√◊Õ‡Õ’¬ß ·µà¡’ à«ππâÕ¬∑’Ë®–∑”¥â“π¢â“߇µÁ¡∑’Ë Õ“®®–Õ¬Ÿà„π∑à“π—Ëß ¬◊π À√◊ÕπÕπ...
»‘≈ªîπ à«π¡“°Ωñ°Ωπ®“°°“√∑”√Ÿª‡À¡◊Õπµ—«‡ÕßÀ√◊Õ¢Õߧπ„π§√Õ∫§√—«°àÕπ‡ ¡Õ®÷ߪ√“°Øº≈ß“π„π≈—°…≥–π’ÈÕ¬Ÿà¡“°¡“¬ (æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑廑≈ª–
Õ—ß°ƒ…-‰∑¬ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ÚıÙÒ : Àπâ“ Ò¯˜-Ò¯˘).

ªí≠≠“ «‘®‘π∏π “√, ‡≈‘»»‘√‘√å ∫«√°‘µµ‘

181
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

∑’Ë®—¥«“ß®–‡ªìπ¿“æ¥â“πÀπâ“ ·≈–¥â“π¢â“ߧ√÷Ëßµ—« ´÷Ëß à«π„À≠à®–‡ªìπæ√–

 “∑‘ ≈—°…≥å ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“œ æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂ ·≈–∑Ÿ≈°√–À¡àÕ¡
∑ÿ°æ√–Õߧå. (»‘≈ª°√√¡Ωïæ√–À—µ∂åæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«. ÀÕ»‘≈ªá
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬»‘≈ª“°√. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :  ”π—°æ‘¡æåÕ¡√‘π∑√å; ÚıÙÚ, Àπâ“ Úˆ)˜

®“°∑’Ëæ√–Õߧå∑√߇√‘Ë¡‡¢’¬π√Ÿª art) ‡À¡◊Õπµâπ·∫∫ ∑«à“§«“¡·µ°

®“°§«“¡ πæ√–√“™Àƒ∑— ¬ ¢Õß
æ√–Õߧå‡ÕßÕ¬à“ßπ—°‡¢’¬π√Ÿª ¡—§√
‡≈à π ¡‘ ‰ ¥â ¡’ ° “√»÷ ° …“À√◊ Õ Ωñ ° ª√◊ Õ
µ“¡À≈—°«‘™“»‘≈ª°√√¡®“° ∂“∫—π
»‘≈ª–„¥ Ê ‚¥¬µ√ß ·≈–‰¡à∑√ß„Àâ
·∫∫À√◊ Õ ·π«∑“ߢÕߺŸâ „ ¥‡¢â “ ¡“¡’
Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈°—∫°“√‡¢’¬π√Ÿª ‚¥¬æ√–Õߧå
∑√ß«“¥®“°§«“¡‡¢â“„®¡’§«“¡§‘¥
 √â“ß √√§åÕ¬à“ßÕ‘ √– ‰¡à∑√߬÷¥µ‘¥
°—∫√Ÿª·∫∫„¥ Ê ‚¥¬„™â®‘πµπ“°“√
·≈–®‘µ ”π÷° à«πæ√–Õß§å ¥â«¬‡Àµÿ
π’ȇÕß∑”„Àâæ√–Õߧå∑√ß¡’ªí®‡®°¿“æ
„π°“√∑√ßß“π ·¡â«à“º≈ß“π¡’æ—≤π“
°“√®“°»‘≈ª°√√¡√Ÿª·∫∫ ¡—¬„À¡à
¥â«¬°Áµ“¡ ·µàæ√–Õߧ嬗ß∑√߬÷¥¡—Ëπ
„π·π«∑“ߢÕßæ√–Õߧå‡Õß.
‚¥¬√«¡º≈ß“π®‘µ√°√√¡¿“æ
‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈Ωïæ√–À—µ∂åπ—Èπ¡’®”π«π
§àÕπ¢â“ß¡“°  à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ¿“ææ√–
 “∑‘ ≈—°…≥å·≈–∫ÿ§§≈„°≈♑¥ ‡™àπ
æ√– “∑‘ ≈—°…≥å ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“œ
æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂ æ√– “∑‘ ≈—°…≥å
æ√–√“™‚Õ√  æ√–√“™∏‘¥“ √Ÿª‡¢’¬π
¢â“√“™∫√‘æ“√ œ≈œ ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂·∫àß
ÕÕ°‰¥â‡ªìπ Ú ª√–‡¿∑„À≠à µ“¡
‡√◊ËÕß√“«‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ §◊Õ¿“懢’¬π‡À¡◊Õπ
∫ÿ§§≈‡¥’¬« ·≈–¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈
°≈ÿà¡ ‚¥¬¿“æΩïæ√–À—µ∂å‡À≈à“π’ȇπâπ
»‘≈ª°√√¡π”· ¥ß (representational
µà“ߢÕß·µà≈–Õߧ塒√Ÿª·∫∫∑’ËÀ≈“°
À≈“¬¢Õß·π«°“√· ¥ßÕÕ° ´÷Ëß¡’
°√–∫«π·∫∫µà“ß Ê ∑’Ë Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫
«‘ «— ≤ π“°“√¢Õß√Ÿ ª ·∫∫°“√· ¥ß
ÕÕ°¢Õß»‘ ≈ ª–·∫∫ª√–‡æ≥’ π‘ ¬ ¡
 Ÿà »‘ ≈ ª– ¡— ¬ „À¡à ‡™à π »‘ ≈ ª–·π«
 —®π‘¬¡ (realism) »‘≈ª–·π«≈—∑∏‘
ª√–∑—∫„® (impressionism) ‚¥¬
 “¡“√∂«‘‡§√“–À剥ⵓ¡‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ “√–
¢Õß¿“æ·≈–°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°‰¥â ‚ ¥¬
„™âÀ≈—°‡°≥±åµÕà ‰ªπ’È
¿“æ‡À¡◊ Õ π∫ÿ § §≈·π« — ® - √Ÿª∑’Ë Ò æ√– “∑‘ ≈—°…≥å  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–
π‘ ¬ ¡ (realism) ‡ªì π ¿“æΩï æ √– √“™∫‘¥“, æ.». ÚıÙ ≈ßæ√–π“¡¬àÕ
À— µ ∂å ∑’Ë ·  ¥ßÕÕ°Õ¬à “ ß ¡®√‘ ß µ“¡ ¿Õ. Ù-Ù
∑’Ë “¬µ“¡Õ߇ÀÁπ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ·π«°“√
· ¥ß§«“¡‡À¡◊Õπ®√‘ßµ“¡À≈—°°“√ §«“¡™— ¥ ‡®π∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß¢Õß·∫∫‚¥¬
‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫»‘≈ª–≈—∑∏‘ —®π‘¬¡∑’ˇªìπ ‡©æ“– Ωï · ª√ß∑’Ë „ ™â ·  ¥ß§«“¡
°√–· „π™à«ß§√÷ËßÀ≈—ß»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘ πÿà ¡ π«≈º ¡º “π‡π◊È Õ  ’ √ “∫‡√’ ¬ ∫
‚¥¬¡ÿà ß ‡πâ π °“√· ¥ßÕÕ° «π∑“ß °≈¡°≈◊π·≈–„™â ’µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ §◊Õ
°— ∫ »‘ ≈ ª–≈— ∑ ∏‘ ®‘ π µπ‘ ¬ ¡ (roman-  ’πÈ”µ“≈À√◊Õ‡Õ‘√å∑‚∑π≈—°…≥–‡¥’¬«
ticism) ∑’Ë„™â®‘πµπ“°“√‡æâÕΩíπ„Àâ °—∫»‘≈ª–·π« —®π‘¬¡ °“√‡¢’¬π¿“æ
¿“æ¡’§«“¡·ª≈°‡°‘π∏√√¡™“µ‘. ∑√ß„™â°“¬«‘¿“§·≈–¡«≈ “√¢Õß√Ÿª
°. æ√– “∑‘ ≈—°…≥å  ¡‡¥Á ® ∑√ß™à « ¬‡æ‘Ë ¡ §«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ °  ¡®√‘ ß ‡ªì π
æ√–√“™∫‘¥“ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò) ∑√߇¢’¬π ∏√√¡™“µ‘ · ß‡ß“°àÕ„À⇰‘¥¡‘µ‘∑’Ë·∑â
¢÷È π √“«ªï æÿ ∑ ∏»— ° √“™ ÚıÙ ≈ß ®√‘ß∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∑”„Àâ¿“æ
æ√–π“¡¬à Õ ¿Õ. Ù-Ù ∑√ß„™â ·≈¥Ÿ ßà“ß“¡ ¡®√‘ß·≈–πà“‡°√ߢ“¡.
‡∑§π‘ §  ’ πÈ” ¡— π ∑’Ë æ √–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® ¢. æ√– “∑‘ ≈—°…≥å  ¡‡¥Á ®
æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«‚ª√¥„™â∑√ßß“π®‘µ√- æ√–π“߇®â“œ æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂
°√√¡ ¿“æ·∫∫Àÿà π §√÷Ë ß µ— « π’È ‡ πâ π (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú), æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÙ, ‡ªìπ

®‘µ√°√√¡¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈
Ωïæ√–À—µ∂åæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« √—™°“≈∑’Ë ˘
182

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú æ√– “∑‘ ≈—°…≥å  ¡‡¥Á®æ√–
π“߇®â“œ æ√–∫√¡√“™‘ππ’ “∂, æ.». ÚıÙ
¿“æ≈—°…≥–§√÷ËßÕߧå∑√߇§√◊ËÕß·∫∫
¢â “ √“™°“√ ∑’Ë „ ™â  ’ πÈ” µ“≈µ“¡ ’
∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß·∫∫Àÿà𠇙àπ‡¥’¬«°—π
°—∫æ√– “∑‘ ≈—°…≥å ¡‡¥Á®æ√–√“™-
∫‘¥“ „π¿“æ∑√ß„™â‡∑§π‘§· ¥ß√Õ¬
Ωï·ª√ß∑’˧ߧ«“¡πÿà¡π«≈‡™àπ°—π ·µà
æ≈‘È « ‰À«·≈–§≈ÿ ¡ ∫√√¬“°“»¢Õß
¿“扥âπÿà¡≈÷°¡“°°«à“ §«“¡‚¥¥‡¥àπ
∑’ˇÀÁπ™—¥¢÷ÈπÕ’°Õ¬à“ߧ◊Õ ‚∑π ’‡¢’¬«
∑’Ë Õ¥·∑√°Õ¬Ÿà°—∫‚∑π ’πÈ”µ“≈·≈–
·¥ß„π©“°À≈— ß ¢Õß¿“æ π— ∫ ‡ªì π
¿“æ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å≈ßµ—«∑—ÈßÕߧå
ª√–°Õ∫·≈–°“√· ¥ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥
µ“¡§«“¡‡À¡◊Õπ®√‘ß.
§. ¢≥–∑’Ë ¿ “æ‡À¡◊ Õ π∫ÿ § §≈
Ωï æ √–À— µ ∂å · ∫∫∫ÿ § §≈‡¥’ ¬ «„πÕ’ °
À≈“¬Õß§å ‡™àπ ¿“æ °ÿÀ≈“∫‰∑¬
(√Ÿª∑’Ë Û), æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÙ, ·≈–
¿“æ‰¡à ª √“°Ø™◊Ë Õ Õ’ ° À≈“¬¿“æ„π
™à«ß√–¬–‡«≈“π’∂È ß÷ æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ Úıˆ
¡’≈—°…≥–·π«°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°§≈⓬ Ê
ªí≠≠“ «‘®‘π∏π “√, ‡≈‘»»‘√‘√å ∫«√°‘µµ‘
√Ÿª∑’Ë Û ¿“æ°ÿÀ≈“∫‰∑¬, æ.». ÚıÙ
°— π ‚¥¬· ¥ß∂÷ ß °“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß
„π°“√„™â ’·≈–°“√≈ßæŸà°—π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
Õ‘   √–¡“°¢÷È π „π°“√°≈â “ ∑’Ë ® –„™â  ’
©Ÿ ¥ ©“¥·≈–§Ÿà  ’ µ √ß°— π ¢â “ ¡µ— ¥ °— π
æ√–Õߧå∑√ß¡’«‘«—≤π“°“√‡¢’¬πµàÕ
‡π◊ËÕß·≈–‡√‘Ë¡‡¢â“ Ÿà√–¬–ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ
¢Õß·π«°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õßæ√–Õߧå
‡Õß ‚¥¬√«¡¿“æ°ÿÀ≈“∫‰∑¬„À⧫“¡
√Ÿâ  ÷ ° ∫√√¬“°“»¢Õß ’ §Ÿà ‡ §√à ß ¢√÷ ¡
§≈⓬¿“懢’¬π™‘Èπ‡¬’Ë¬¡ (old mas-
ter painting) „πÕ¥’ µ ¢Õ߬ÿ ‚ √ª
≈—°…≥–∑à“∑“ߢÕß∫ÿ§§≈ª√– “π¡◊Õ
¡Õßµ√ß  ß∫‡ ß’ˬ¡ÕàÕπ™âÕ¬ ≈–¡ÿπ
≈–‰¡  ßà“ß“¡ ¡‡ªìπ°ÿ≈ µ√’‰∑¬.
¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈·π«≈—∑∏‘
ª√–∑—∫„® (impressionism) ‡ªìπ
¿“æΩï æ √–À— µ ∂å ∑’Ë ¡’ · π«°“√· ¥ß
ÕÕ°Õ¬à “ ßÕ‘   √–¡“°¢÷È π ‡ªì π ™à « ß
√–¬–°“√∑√ßß“π∑’Ëæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–‡®â “ Õ¬Ÿà À— « ∑√ߪ√— ∫ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π®“°
°“√„Àâ § «“¡ ”§— ≠ „π√“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥
183
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
‡À¡◊Õπ®√‘ßµ“¡À≈—°§µ‘¢Õß≈—∑∏‘ —®-
π‘¬¡  —߇°µ‰¥â®“°º≈ß“π¿“懢’¬π
‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈Ωïæ√–À—µ∂å∑∑’Ë √ß√—ß √√§å
¢÷Èπ„π√–À«à“ßæÿ∑∏»—°√“™ Úıı-
Úı˜ æ√–Õߧå∑√ß„À⇠√’¿“æ„π
°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¥â«¬ ’·≈–√Õ¬Ωï·ª√ß
¡“°¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬µ—¥∑Õπ√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß
√Ÿª∑√ß„ÀâπâÕ¬≈ß ¥â«¬°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°
¢Õß√Õ¬Ωï·ª√ß„À⥟À¬“∫·≈–™—¥¢÷Èπ
(painterly effect) ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥∑Õ𧫓¡
§¡™—¥¢Õ߇ âπ‚§√ß √â“ß∑’Ë°”Àπ¥√Ÿª
∑√ß ·≈–µÕ∫ πÕߪؑ°‘√‘¬“√–À«à“ß
· ß°—∫ ’ ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡ª√–∑—∫„®
„π∫√√¬“°“»∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π¿“æ.
°. ¿“æ ‰¡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ (√Ÿª
∑’Ë Ù) ‡ªìπ¿“æ ÿ¿“æ µ√’ «¡‡ ◊ÈÕ
 ’ · ¥ß„π∑à “ ∑“߬‘È ¡ ·¬â ¡ æ√–∫“∑
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√߇¢’¬π¿“æ
≈—°…≥–·∫∫‡À¡◊Õπ®√‘ßµ“¡·∫∫Àÿàπ
®ÿ ¥ À— ° ‡À¢Õß¿“æπ’È ¢÷È π Õ¬Ÿà °— ∫ √Õ¬
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù ¿“扡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
Ωï·ª√ß∑’Ë„À≠à™—¥‡®π¥â«¬§«“¡À≈“°
À≈“¬¢Õß ’ ∑’Ë µ— ¥ °— π „π∫√√¬“°“»
¢Õß©“°À≈— ß  √â “ ߧ«“¡·µ°µà “ ß
®“°¿“æ∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˇ¢’¬π¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§«‘∏’
°“√‡°≈’ˬ ’„Àâ°≈¡°≈◊ππÿà¡π«≈µ“¡
§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°¢Õߺ‘«æ√√≥ µ√’‡¬“«å«—¬
§«“¡·µ°µà “ ߢÕßΩï · ª√ß√–À«à “ ß
¿“æ∫ÿ § §≈°— ∫ æ◊È π À≈— ß ∑’Ë ¡’ Ωï · ª√ß
¢π“¥„À≠àπ—Èπ ∑”„À⿓楟¡’™’«‘µ™’«“
 πÿ° π“π¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ
·ª≈ß®“°º≈ß“π„π™à«ßµâπ Ê ∑’ˇπâπ
√“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥≈–§«“¡Õà Õ ππÿà ¡ ·≈–
°≈¡°≈◊ π ¢Õß ’ ∑—È ß À¡¥ ‚¥¬√«¡
¿“æπ’È· ¥ß«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õß√Ÿª·∫∫
°√√¡«‘ ∏’ · ≈–·π«°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°∑’Ë
∫àß∫Õ°∂÷ß°“√‡ªìππ—°§âπ§«â“∑¥≈Õß
·≈–§«“¡‡ªì π ªí ® ‡®°„π°“√· ¥ß
ÕÕ°¢Õßæ√–Õߧå‡Õß
√Ÿª∑’Ë ı æ√– “∑‘ ≈—°…≥å ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“ß
‡®â“œ æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂, æ.». Úıˆ
¢. æ√– “∑‘ ≈—°…≥å  ¡‡¥Á ®
æ√–π“߇®â“œ æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂
(√Ÿª∑’Ë ı), æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ Úıˆ, ‡√◊ËÕß
√“«¢Õß¿“æ„π≈— ° …≥–ª√–∑— ∫
æ√–‡°â“Ւȇªìπ¿“æΩïæ√–À—µ∂åÕ’°Õߧå
Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˇπâπ∫√√¬“°“»§«“¡ª√–∑—∫
„®∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°√àÕß√Õ¬¢ÕßΩï·ª√ß ·≈–
°“√µ— ¥ °— π ¢Õß ’ · ≈–· ß∑’Ë „ Àâ § «“¡
√Ÿâ ÷° —Ëπ‰À« (vibration effect)  √â“ß
§«“¡ª√–∑—∫„®·≈– ÿπ∑√’¬¿“æ·°à
Õ“√¡≥å„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π √«¡∂÷ß¿“æ
∑’Ëæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√ß
‡¢’ ¬ π¢÷È π Õ’ ° À≈“¬Õß§å „ π™à « ß°“√
‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß®“°·π«»‘ ≈ ª°√√¡
·∫∫ª√–‡æ≥’𬑠¡
§. ¿“æ ‰¡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ (√Ÿª∑’Ë
ˆ) ‡ªìπ¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈‡µÁ¡µ—«∑’Ë
°”≈—ß· ¥ßÕ‘√‘¬“∫∂ºàÕπ§≈“¬ ‡°Á∫
√“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥‡©æ“–µ√ß„∫Àπâ “ „Àâ ¥Ÿ
πÿà¡π«≈·≈–Õ“√¡≥姫“¡√Ÿâ ÷°∑’Ë ¥„  °. ¿“æ ‰¡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ (√Ÿª∑’Ë
√◊Ë π ‡√‘ ß æ√–Õߧå∑√ß„™â«‘∏’°“√· ¥ß
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ ¿“扡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ
Ωïæ√–À—µ∂åæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« √—™°“≈∑’Ë ˘
184
Ωï·ª√ß∑’ËÕ‘ √–¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ„π≈—°…≥–
∑’˵âÕ߇¢’¬πÕ¬à“ß©—∫æ≈—π ‡æ’¬ß‡πâπ
·µà ’·≈–· ß∑’˵—¥°—π‡Õß‚¥¬‰¡à‡°≈’ˬ
 ’ „ Àâ ° ≈¡°≈◊ π ¡“°π— ° √à Õ ß√Õ¬Ωï
·ª√ߢÕߺ‘ « §π°— ∫ ‡ ◊È Õ ºâ “ ·¬°·¬–
®“°°—π™—¥‡®π æ◊ÈπÀ≈—ߢÕß¿“æ„™â
 ’·¥ß‚∑π√âÕπ‡æ◊ËÕ¢—∫‡ ◊Èպⓠ’πÈ”‡ß‘π
´÷Ë߇ªìπ«√√≥–‡¬Áπ (cool tone) „Àâ
µ—«∫ÿ§§≈ (figure) ¥Ÿ‡¥àπÕÕ°¡“
¿“æ‡À¡◊ Õ π∫ÿ § §≈·π«§µ‘
‚ø«‘ µå (fauvism) ‡ªìπ¿“æΩïæ√–
À—µ∂å∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–·π«°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°
‡¥’¬«°—∫»‘≈ª°√√¡≈—∑∏‘ª√–∑—∫„® ·µà
µà“ßµ√ß∑’Ë»‘≈ª°√√¡·π«§µ‘‚ø«‘ µå
‡πâ π °“√„™â  ’ ∑’Ë √â Õ π·√ß·≈–©Ÿ ¥ ©“¥
¡“°¢÷Èπ §◊Õ°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ëæ≈—ß
¢Õß ’ ®÷ß∑”„Àâ¿“æ∫“ß¿“æÕ“®¡’
¡‘µ‘ ∑’˵◊Èπ‡¢‘π°«à“¿“浓¡·π«≈— ∑ ∏‘
ª√–∑—∫„®
˜) ‡ªìπ¿“æÀ≠‘ß “«‡µÁ¡µ—«„π∑à“
π—Ëß·∫∫ºàÕπ§≈“¬ æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√ß„™â ’Õ¬à“߇ √’ ∑’Ë
· ¥ß¡‘ µ‘ „ πµ— « ‡Õß·≈–¡«≈¿“æ∑—È ß
À¡¥ ºπ«°°—∫√Õ¬Ωï·ª√ßÀπ“∑÷∫
∑”„Àâ æ◊È π ∑’Ë «à “ ß·≈–¡‘ µ‘ ∂Ÿ ° °”Àπ¥
‚¥¬ ’ ‚¥¬≈—°…≥–¢Õß°“√«“ß‚§√ß
 ’ · ≈–πÈ” Àπ— °  ≈— ∫ °— π √–À«à “ ß¿“æ
∫ÿ§§≈°—∫æ◊ÈπÀ≈—ß∑”„Àâ¿“æπ’È· ¥ß
§«“¡‡ªìπ¿“æ°÷Ëßπ“¡∏√√¡ (semi
abstract painting)
¢. ‡™à 𠇥’ ¬ «°— π „π¿“æ ‰¡à
ª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ (√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯), æÿ∑∏»—°√“™
Úıˆ, ∑’ˇªìπ¿“æ ÿ¿“æ µ√’ÀâÕ¡
≈â Õ ¡¥â « ¬∫√√¬“°“»∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ®“° ’ ∑’Ë
®‘µ√°√√¡¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ ¿“扡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ
µ—¥°—π  ’·¥ß ‡¢’¬«  â¡ πÈ”‡ß‘π ¥”
°—∫¡‘µ‘¢Õß ’·≈–√Õ¬Ωï·ª√ß∑’Ë√ÿπ·√ß
„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ ÷° –‡∑◊ÕπÕ“√¡≥剥⥒¬‘Ëß
π—° ¿“æπ’‡È ¡◊ÕË ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜
®–‡ÀÁπ«à“æ√–Õߧå∑√߇πâπª√‘¡“µ√
(value) ¡“°¢÷Èπ ∑”„Àâ¿“æ„π√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯
π’È¡’¡‘µ‘∑’Ë≈÷°≈—∫´—∫´âÕπ°«à“ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡¢Õß°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°∑’Ëæ√–Õߧå
∑√߇πâ 𠧫“¡‡ªì π Õ‘   √– ·≈–°“√
ª≈àÕ¬„Àâæ≈—ßÕ“√¡≥å∂“à ¬∑Õ¥ÕÕ°¡“
°— ∫ ®‘ µ „µâ  ”π÷ ° ·≈–®‘ π µπ“°“√‡¡◊Ë Õ
‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫¿“æ„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù π—Èπ
®–‡ÀÁπ«à“¿“æπ’ȇªìπ¿“æ∑’Ëæ√–Õߧå
‡¢’¬π¢÷πÈ ®“°«‘«≤ — π“°“√ à«πæ√–Õߧå
∑√ß„™â®‘πµπ“°“√ √â“ß √√§å„Àâ à«π
¢Õß¿“æ∫ÿ § §≈„π©“°Àπâ “ °— ∫ ©“°
À≈— ß  — ¡ æ— π ∏å ‡ ªì π Õ— π Àπ÷Ë ß Õ— 𠇥’ ¬ «
°—π ‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ßæ≈—ßÕ“√¡≥å·≈–√“¬
≈–‡Õ’¬¥·∫∫π“¡∏√√¡¡“°¢÷Èπ
¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈·π«≈—∑∏‘
 ”·¥ßæ≈—ßÕ“√¡≥å (expression-
ªí≠≠“ «‘®‘π∏π “√, ‡≈‘»»‘√‘√å ∫«√°‘µµ‘
√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ ¿“扡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ
ism) ‡ªìπ¿“殑µ√°√√¡Ωïæ√–À—µ∂å
∑’Ëæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√ß
· ¥ßÕÕ°∑“ߥ⠓ πÕ“√¡≥å § «“¡
√Ÿâ ÷°¿“¬„π‰¥âÕ¬à“ßÕ‘ √–‡ √’ ¥â«¬
≈—°…≥–∑’ˇ¥àπ™—¥„π«‘∏’°“√„™âΩï·ª√ß
∑’Ë À ¬“∫·≈–Àπ“∑÷ ∫ ∑— ∫ ´â Õ π°— π ‰ª
µ“¡®—ßÀ«–∑’Ë√ÿπ·√ßÀ√◊Õ‡√à“√âÕπ ‚¥¬
‰¡àµâÕß°—ß«≈°—∫√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß√Ÿª
∑’Ë °”≈— ß «“¥ ≈— ° …≥–·π«‡¥’ ¬ «°— π
°— ∫ »‘ ≈ ª°√√¡·π«≈— ∑ ∏‘  ”·¥ßæ≈— ß
Õ“√¡≥å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πª√–‡∑»‡¬Õ√¡π’
·≈–ª√–‡∑»„°≈â ‡ §’ ¬ ß ”À√— ∫ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß
√“«‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ ´÷Ë ß  à « π„À≠à π—È π »‘ ≈ ªî π
®– –∑âÕπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫ —ߧ¡·≈–
°“√‡¡◊ Õ ß°“√ª°§√Õß„π¬ÿ § µâ π
»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú.
°. ¿“æ ‰¡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ (√Ÿª
∑’Ë ˘), ‡ªìπ¿“æ¢ÕߺŸâ™“¬∑’Ë· ¥ß
∫ÿ§≈‘°§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß
∫ÿ§§≈„π¿“æ ¥â«¬‚∑π ’∑’ËÀπ—°·πàπ
µ“¡√Õ¬¢ÕßΩï·ª√ß  ’∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπ ’‚∑π
185
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
√âÕπ (warm tone) π”‚¥¬ ’ â¡ · ¥
‡À≈◊Õ߇ªìπÀ≈—° µ“¡§«“¡ «à“ߢÕß
· ß∑’˵—¥¥â«¬ ’‡¢’¬« ‡∑§π‘§„π°“√
‡¢’ ¬ π· ¥ß‚§√ß √â “ ߢÕß„∫Àπâ “
·∫∫ßà“¬ Ê ‰¡à‡πâπ√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥™—¥
‡®π ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“π—Èπ∑”„À⇰‘¥
∫√√¬“°“»¢Õß ¿“«–∑“ßÕ“√¡≥å
‡ªìπ¿“æ∑’Ë· ¥ßÕÕ°®“°§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°
¿“¬„π ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ∑’Ë π‘ ¬ ¡¡“°„π‚≈°
»‘ ≈ ª–µ–«— π µ° ≈— ° …≥–¢Õß°“√
· ¥ßÕÕ°¢ÕßÕ“√¡≥å § «“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ °
¿“¬„π‡™àππ’Ȫ√“°Ø„πº≈ß“π®‘µ√-
°√√¡Ωïæ√–À—µ∂åª√–‡¿∑‡π◊ÕÈ À“Õ◊πË Ê
¥â « ¬ √«¡∂÷ ß ¿“殑 µ √°√√¡√Ÿ ª §π
‡À¡◊ÕπΩïæ√–À—µ∂åÕ’° à«πÀπ÷Ëß.
¢. ¿“æ ‰¡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ (√Ÿª∑’Ë
Ò), æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ Úı˘, ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“
¢Õß¿“æπ”· ¥ß¿“æ°≈ÿà ¡ §π∑’Ë
 ÿ¿“æ µ√’∂Ÿ°ÀâÕ¡≈âÕ¡¥â«¬„∫Àπâ“∑’Ë
‰¡à ·  ¥ßÕ¬à “ ß™— ¥ ‡®π®”π«πÀπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë
· ¥ßÕ“√¡≥å„π≈—°…≥–§≈âÕ¬µ“¡
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˘ ¿“扡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò ¿“扡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ, æ.». Úı˘
 —¡æ—π∏å°—π ·≈–‡ªìπ¿“æ∑’ˇπâπ°“√
· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß¿“«–Õ“√¡≥å § «“¡
√Ÿâ ÷°¿“¬„π ·≈– –∑âÕ𮑵„µâ ”π÷°
∫“ßÕ¬à“ß≈÷°´÷Èß∂÷߇√◊ËÕß√“«¢Õߧ«“¡
√—° §«“¡ºŸ°æ—π√–À«à“ß∫ÿ§§≈∑’˺Ÿâ¥Ÿ
Õ“®„™âª√– ∫°“√≥å¢Õßµπ‡Õ߇¢â“
∂÷ ß §«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° ∑’Ë ·  ¥ßÕÕ°„π¿“æ
¿“æπ’ȇªìπ¿“殑µ√°√√¡Ωïæ√–À—µ∂å
Õ’°ÕߧåÀπ÷ßË ∑’·Ë  ¥ß§«“¡‡ªìπªí®‡®°-
¿“æ·≈–·∫∫©∫—∫¢Õßæ√–Õߧå
¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈·π«≈—∑∏‘
‡Àπ◊Õ®√‘ß (surrealism) ‡ªìπ¿“æΩï
æ√–À—µ∂å· ¥ß∫ÿ§§≈„π≈—°…≥–∑’Ë¡’
‡√◊ËÕß√“«‡π◊ÈÕÀ“‡Àπ◊Õ∏√√¡™“µ‘ À√◊Õ
≈’È≈—∫æ‘»«ßª√–°Õ∫°—π¢÷Èπ ´÷Ë߉¥â√—∫
Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈·≈–°“√‡¢’¬π¿“æ∑’˧≈’˧≈“¬
 — ß ‡§√“–Àå √Ÿ ª ®“°»‘ ≈ ª–·π«≈— ∑ ∏‘
 ”·¥ßæ≈—ßÕ“√¡≥å¢Õßæ√–Õߧ巵à
· ¥ßÕÕ°„π‡™‘ß°“√√à“¬‡√’¬ßª√–-
µ‘¥µàÕ‡√◊ËÕß√“«®“°§«“¡π÷°§‘¥À√◊Õ
®‘µ„µâ ”π÷°º ¡º “π°—∫®‘πµπ“°“√
√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÒ ¿“扡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ, æ.». Úıˆ
®π‡Àπ◊Õ®√‘ß ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫»‘≈ª°√√¡
≈— ∑ ∏‘ ‡ Àπ◊ Õ ®√‘ ß ∑’Ë π”®‘ µ „µâ  ”π÷ ° ¡“
º ¡º “π‡ªì π ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡Àµÿ ° “√ √â “ ߺ≈
ß“π„Àâ ·  ¥ßÕÕ°„π·π«Ωí π ‡øóò Õ ß
¡“¬“·ª≈°ª√–À≈“¥ ·≈–¡À—»®√√¬å
‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâÕ‘ √–„π°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß®‘µ
‰√â ”π÷°µàÕ‡Àµÿº≈ ‚¥¬„À⮑πµπ“°“√
‡ªìπ„À≠à
°. ¿“æ ‰¡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ (√Ÿª∑’Ë
ÒÒ), æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ Úıˆ, ‡¢’¬π¢÷Èπ
„π≈—°…≥–∑’Ë· ¥ß∑—Èߧ«“¡®√‘ß·≈–
§«“¡πà“æ‘»«ß ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬„∫Àπâ“
¢Õß¡πÿ … ¬å · ≈–„∫Àπâ “ ∑’Ë · ª≈°
ª√–À≈“¥ ´÷ËßÕ“®· ¥ß∂÷ß®‘πµπ“-
°“√∑’Ë ´à Õ π‡√â π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«„µâ ®‘ µ  ”π÷ °
∫“ßÕ¬à“߉«â
¢. ¿“æ ‰¡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ (√Ÿª
∑’Ë ÒÚ) ∑”„Àâª√–®—°…剥â«à“æ√–∫“∑
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√߇¢’¬π¿“æ
‡À¡◊ Õ π∫ÿ § §≈„π≈— ° …≥–¢Õß°“√
· ¥ßÕÕ°¥â“π‡√◊ËÕß√“«‡π◊ÈÕÀ“∑’ˇπâπ
Ωïæ√–À—µ∂åæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« √—™°“≈∑’Ë ˘
186
√Ÿª∑’Ë ÒÚ ¿“扡àª√“°Ø™◊ËÕ
®‘πµπ“°“√‡Àπ◊Õ®√‘߇™‘ß —≠≈—°…≥å
(symbolic) „π°“√ ◊ÕË §«“¡À¡“¬ ´÷ßË
„π¿“扥âπ”· ¥ß√Ÿª‡À¡◊Õπ ÿ¿“æ
 µ√’ ∑à “ πÀπ÷Ë ß ª√–°Õ∫°— ∫ „∫Àπâ “
æ‘ » «ß∑’Ë ¡’ ‡ æ’ ¬ ß·µà ¥ «ßµ“·≈–√‘ ¡
Ω望°„π ¿“«–∫√√¬“°“»¢Õߧ«“¡
Ωí π ∑’Ë   –∑â Õ π®‘ µ „µâ  ”π÷ ° ∫“ßÕ¬à “ ß
‚¥¬√«¡·≈â « ‡ªì π ¿“æ∑’Ë ¡’ ‡ π◊È Õ À“∑’Ë
·ª≈°ª√–À≈“¥„®™«π§‘ ¥ µ◊Ë π ‡µâ π
·≈–¥Ÿ   «¬ ¥ß¥ß“¡¥â « ¬ ’  — π ·≈–
¡«≈∫√√¬“°“»¢Õß¿“æ
‚¥¬ √ÿª æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–
‡®â “ Õ¬Ÿà À— « ‰¥â ∑ √߇√‘Ë ¡ ß“π®‘ µ √°√√¡
¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈µ—Èß·µàæÿ∑∏»—°√“™
ÚıÚ Õ¬à “ ß®√‘ ß ®— ß ®“°°“√∑√ß
»÷ ° …“«‘ ∏’ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π√Ÿ ª ¥â « ¬æ√–Õß§å ‡ Õß
‚¥¬¡‘ ‰ ¥â ¬÷ ¥ µ‘ ¥ °— ∫ ∑ƒ…Æ’ À √◊ Õ °Æ
‡°≥±å¢Õß‚√߇√’¬π»‘≈ª°√√¡„¥ Ê
·¡â«à“√Ÿª·∫∫·≈–·π«°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°
®–∫àß∫Õ°∂÷ߧ«“¡ πæ√–√“™Àƒ∑—¬
„π≈—°…≥–°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß»‘≈ª-
®‘µ√°√√¡¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈

°√√¡ ¡— ¬ „À¡à ¢ Õßµ–«— π µ°µ“¡
∑’Ë «‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ‰ ¥â π—È π ‚¥¬∑’Ëæ√–ª√’™“
 “¡“√∂¢Õßæ√–Õߧå ∑ √߇πâ π °“√
‡ªî¥°«â“ß∑“ߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–°“√§âπ§«â“
· «ßÀ“·π«∑“ß„À¡à Ê π”¡“º ¡
º “π°—∫§«“¡π÷°§‘¥·≈–®‘πµ¿“æ
„π°“√ √â “ ß √√§å · ≈–ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ¥â « ¬
æ√–Õß§å ‡ Õß ∑—È ß π’È æ √–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ®
æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√߇ªìπ»‘≈ªîππ—°«‘™“
°“√Õ¬à“ß·∑â®√‘ß ¥â«¬æ√–Õߧå∑√ß
ß“πµ“¡À≈— ° »‘ ≈ ª«‘ ∑ ¬“ §◊ Õ °“√
»÷°…“®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈â« —߇§√“–Àå
 √â“ß √√§å„Àâº≈ß“π‡°‘¥«‘«—≤π“°“√
‡ªì π ≈— ° …≥–‡©æ“–µπ ®π‡ªì π ∑’Ë
¬Õ¡√—∫°—π«à“æ√–Õߧå∑√߇ªìπºŸâπ”
„πæ— ≤ π“°“√¥â “ π»‘ ≈ ª°√√¡ ¡— ¬
„À¡à¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬¥â«¬æ√–ª√’™“
 “¡“√∂·≈–Õ— ® ©√‘ ¬ ¿“æ∑’Ë ∑ √ß
√— ß  √√§å ß “π®‘ µ √°√√¡„π≈— ° …≥–
‡ªìπªí®‡®°¿“懩擖¢Õßæ√–Õߧå
¥—ß∑’ˉ¥â°≈à“«„π∫∑«‘‡§√“–Àå·≈â«π—Èπ
‡ªìπ∑’Ë∑√“∫°—π∑—Èߪ«ß«à“ ®‘µ√-
°√√¡Ωïæ√–À—µ∂å¢Õßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–‡®â “ Õ¬Ÿà À— « ‰¥â °à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ «‘ «— ≤ π“
°“√Õ¬Ÿàµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“‡ªìπº≈®“°°“√∑’Ë
æ√–Õß§å ‰ ¥â ∑ √ߧâ π §«â “ À“°√–∫«π
·∫∫·≈–°√√¡«‘∏’∑”ß“π¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§
ªí≠≠“ «‘®‘π∏π “√, ‡≈‘»»‘√‘√å ∫«√°‘µµ‘
„À¡à Ê „π°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°∑“ß®‘µ√-
°√√¡∑’Ë ‡ πâ π æ≈— ß Õ“√¡≥å °— ∫ ®‘ µ „µâ
 ”π÷ ° ·≈–®‘ π µ¿“æ à « πæ√–Õߧå
‡ªìπ·π«ªØ‘∫—µ‘ ·≈–∑’ˇ¥àπ™—¥„πº≈
ß“π®‘µ√°√√¡Ωïæ√–À—µ∂å„π™à«ß√–¬–
À≈—ß∑’Ëæ√–Õߧå∑√ß√—ß √√§å· ¥ßÕÕ°
„π·π«∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫·∫∫
»‘≈ª–≈—∑∏‘ ”·¥ßæ≈—ßÕ“√¡≥å ·∫∫
»‘ ≈ ª–π“¡∏√√¡ ·≈–°÷Ë ß π“¡∏√√¡
∑’Ë µ Õ∫ πÕßÕ‘   √¿“æ∑“ߧ«“¡§‘ ¥
 ÿπ∑√’¬¿“æ ·≈–Õ“√¡≥姫“¡√Ÿâ ÷°
ºà“π°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õßæ√–Õß§å ‡À≈à“
π’È ‡ ªì π ·∫∫©∫— ∫ ¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√
· ¥ßÕÕ°∑“ß»‘≈ª°√√¡∑’ˇªïò¬¡¥â«¬
®‘ µ «‘ ≠ ≠“≥¢Õß»‘ ≈ ªî π ∑’Ë º π«°®‘ µ
¡πÿ…¬å‡¢â“°—∫®‘πµ¿“æ°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°
¥— ß π—È π °“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ß “π»‘ ≈ ª-
°√√¡‡™à π π’È ∑”„Àâ æ √–Õߧå ∑ √ß¡’
æ◊Èπ∑’Ë«à“ß ”À√—∫ à«πæ√–Õߧå‡æ◊ËÕ„™â
„π°“√∂à “ ¬∑Õ¥Õ“√¡≥å § «“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ °
π÷°§‘¥∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√ºàÕπ§≈“¬„π
 ¿“«–∑’Ë„Àâæ√–Õߧå∑√ߪ√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ
æ√–√“™Õ‘√‘¬“∫∂®“°°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘æ√–
√“™°‘ ® ∑’Ë æ √–Õߧå ∑ √߇ªì π °…— µ √‘ ¬å
π—°æ—≤π“∑’Ë∑√ßÀà«ß„¬§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà
∑’Ë ¥’ ¢ Õßæ °π‘ ° √·≈–ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘
µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ „π°“√‡ ¥Á ® œ ‰ª∑√ß
187
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
ªØ‘∫—µ‘æ√–√“™°√≥’¬°‘®µ“¡¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§
µà“ß Ê ‡æ◊ËÕ‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“∑—Èߥâ“π
°“√ — ß §¡ °“√‡°…µ√°√√¡ °“√
™≈ª√–∑“π œ≈œ ·≈–∑√߇¬’Ë ¬ ¡
‡¬◊ Õ π√“…Æ√„πæ◊È π ∑’Ë ∑’Ë ¥â Õ ¬æ— ≤ π“
‡ªìπµâπ ∑”„Àâæ√–Õߧ剡à∑√ß¡’‡«≈“
 à « πæ√–Õß§å  ”À√— ∫ °“√∑√ßß“π
®‘µ√°√√¡‰¥âÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß Õ¬à“߉√
°Á µ “¡ æ√–Õß§å ‰ ¥â π”∑— ° …–æ√–
ª√’ ™ “ “¡“√∂∑“ß»‘ ≈ ª°√√¡‰ª„™â
„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“πæ√–√“™°√≥’¬°‘®
 à«πÕ◊Ëπ Ê ·≈–¬—ߧ߄À⧫“¡ πæ√–
√“™Àƒ∑— ¬ ·≈–‡ªì π Õߧå Õÿ ª ∂— ¡ ¿°
¥â“π»‘≈ª°√√¡¢Õߪ«ß™π™“«‰∑¬
ºŸâ ‡ ¢’ ¬ πÀ«— ß «à “ ∫∑«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå
»÷ ° …“®‘ µ √°√√¡Ωï æ √–À— µ ∂å ¿ “æ
‡À¡◊ Õ π∫ÿ § §≈®–™à « ¬æ— ≤ π“°“√
 √â “ ß √√§å »‘ ≈ ª°√√¡¢Õ߉∑¬·≈–
°√–µÿâ π ®‘ µ  ”π÷ ° „Àâ √— ° ·≈–‡≈Á ß ‡ÀÁ π
ª√–‚¬™πå·≈–§ÿ≥§à“¢Õßß“π»‘≈ª-
°√√¡ ‡π◊ËÕß„π«‚√°“ ∑’Ëæ√–Õߧå∑√ß
§√Õß ‘√√‘ “™ ¡∫—µ‡‘ ªìπªï∑’Ë ˆ ºŸ‡â ¢’¬π
√Ÿâ  ÷ °  ”π÷ ° „πæ√–¡À“°√ÿ ≥ “∏‘ §ÿ ≥
Õ—πÀ“∑’Ë ÿ¥¡‘‰¥â¢Õßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« ¢Õæ√–Õߧå∑√ßæ√–
‡®√‘≠æ√–™π¡“¬ÿ¬‘Ë߬◊ππ“π.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß Àπâ“ Úı. æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–‡®â “ Õ¬Ÿà À— « ¥â “ π

Ò. ªí≠≠“ «‘®‘π∏π “√, ‡≈‘»»‘√‘√å ∫«√°‘µµ‘.
æ√–Õ— ® ©√‘ ¬ ¿“æ¥â “ π®‘ µ √°√√¡·≈–
®‘ π µ¿“æΩï æ √–À— µ ∂å „π√— ™ °“≈∑’Ë ˘.
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π. ÚıÙˆ :
Ú¯. ÒÒÙÒ-ı˘.
Ú. Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ »‘ ≈ ª°√√¡Ωï æ √–À— µ ∂å   ¡‡¥Á ®
æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«. ÀÕ»‘≈ªá ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
»‘≈ª“°√  ”π—°æ‘¡æåÕ¡√‘π∑√å; ÚıÙÚ
Û. Àπ—ß ◊Õß“π™à“ߢÕß„πÀ≈«ß. ‚§√ß°“√
«‘ ®— ¬ ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ »‘ ≈ ª“°√. °√ÿ ß ‡∑æœ :
 ”π— ° æ‘ ¡ æå Õ ¡√‘ π ∑√å ; ÚıÛ˘ Àπâ “
ÒÚˆ.
Ù. Àπ—ß ◊Õß“π™à“ߢÕß„πÀ≈«ß. ‚§√ß°“√
«‘®—¬¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬»‘≈ª“°√. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
 ”π— ° æ‘ ¡ æå Õ ¡√‘ π ∑√å ; ÚıÛ˘ Àπâ “
ÒÛÒ.
ı. «‘ √ÿ ≥ µ—È ß ‡®√‘ ≠ . æ√–Õ— ® ©√‘ ¬ ¿“æ¢Õß
»‘≈ª°√√¡. «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
©∫—∫摇»…. ÚıÙı Àπâ“ ÒˆÙ.
ˆ. °√¡»‘≈ª“°√. Õ—§√»‘≈ªîπ. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
Àâ“ßÀÿâπ à«π®”°—¥ ª.  —¡æ—π∏åæ“≥‘™¬å;
ÚıÛ Àπâ“ Úı.
˜. Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ »‘ ≈ ª°√√¡Ωï æ √–À— µ ∂å  ¡‡¥Á ®
æ√–‡®â “ Õ¬Ÿà À— « . ÀÕ»‘ ≈ ªá ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬
»‘≈ª“°√.  ”π—°æ‘¡æåÕ¡√‘π∑√å; ÚıÙÚ
Àπâ“ Úˆ.

Abstract King Rama IX’s Portraiture: A Reminiscence

Panya Vijinthanasarn
Dean, Faculty of Painting, Sculpture and Graphic Arts, Silpakorn University, Bangkok
Lertsiri Bovornkitti
Assistant Dean, Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts in Foreign and Special Affairs, Burapha University,
Chon Buri

King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)’s series of painting works have been widely
admired by Thais and foreigners regarding their immeasurable value and His Majesty’s
magnificent artistic skills. The King’s wisdom in painting is not just only aesthetic but also
a good example of the art media harbored with elements of expressive context. The present
authors have studied His Majesty’s painting works with extreme care and devotion. The earlier
result was published in the Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand, October-December,
2003 issue.
The communication aims at reporting results of the study on the remaining portion of
His Majesty’s portrait-painting works, using the same measure as that employed in the previous
work, concentrating on concepts, styles, and modes of expressions, and the interpretation of
imbued philosophical meanings. It is our ambitious hope that the products of our endeavor
would yield important information beneficial to the contemporary Thai art circle.

Key words: King Rama IX, portraiture

®‘µ√°√√¡¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ∫ÿ§§≈
Ωïæ√–À—µ∂åæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« √—™°“≈∑’Ë ˘
188
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

°“√π”‡√◊ËÕß Tortilla Flat ¡“≈‘∑—µ æ√À¡∑—µµ‡«∑’

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
¢Õß John Steinbeck ¡“®—¥ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

· ¥ß‡ªìπ≈–§√‡æ≈߉∑¬*

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
Õ“®“√¬å™πª√–§—≈¿å ®—π∑√å‡√◊Õß ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ √â“ß·≈–ºŸâ°”°—∫§≥–≈–§√ ¡√¥°„À¡à ´÷Ë߇ªìπ§≥–
≈–§√·π«∑¥≈Õß∑’ˇπâπ‡√◊ËÕß¡√¥°‰∑¬ ‚¥¬æ‘®“√≥“°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬‡æ◊ËÕ· «ßÀ“
√Ÿª·∫∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ”À√—∫≈–§√ ‰¥âπ”π«π‘¬“¬‡√◊ËÕß Tortilla Flat ¢Õß ®ÕÀåπ  ‰µπå‡∫° (John Steinbeck)
¡“ √â“߇ªìπ≈–§√‰∑¬„π√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß≈–§√‡æ≈ß‚¥¬„Àâ™◊ËÕ«à“ «≥‘æ°√”æ÷ß µ—«≈–§√ à«π„À≠à·≈–‡§â“‚§√߇√◊ËÕß
¬—߇ªìπ‰ªµ“¡µâπ©∫—∫‡¥‘¡ ‡æ’¬ß·µà¥—¥·ª≈ß™◊ËÕ ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å À√◊Õ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡„À⇪ìπ·∫∫‰∑¬Ê „ππ«π‘¬“¬
·¥ππ’ (Danny) µ—«‡Õ°¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß´÷Ë߇ªìπ§πæ‡π®√‡√à√àÕπ‰ª«—πÊ ‰¡à¡’ß“π∑”‡ªìπÀ≈—°·À≈àß ‡Õ“·µà°‘π‡À≈â“
‡¡“¡“¬°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπÕ’° Ú-Û §π ‡°‘¥‰¥â√—∫¡√¥°‡ªìπ∫â“π Ú À≈—ß®“°≈ÿߢÕ߇¢“ µ—Èß·µàπ—Èπ¡“™’«‘µ¢Õß·¥ππ’
°Á‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª®“°°“√‰¡àµâÕß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫°—∫Õ–‰√À√◊Õ„§√ Õ¬Ÿà‰ª«—πÊ ¡’°Á°‘π ‰¡à¡’°ÁÕ¥ À√◊Õ¢‚¡¬‡¢“°‘π °≈“¬‡ªìπ
µâÕß¡’¿“√–°—∫∫â“π Ú À≈—ß·≈– ∂“π¿“æ∑’ˇª≈’Ë¬π‰ª ¿“¬À≈—ß∫â“π∑—Èß Ú À≈—ߢÕ߇¢“°Á∂Ÿ°‰ø‰À¡â ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¡à
 “¡“√∂√—∫¡◊Õ°—∫§«“¡°¥¥—π∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬‰¥â ·¥ππ’®÷ß¶à“µ—«µ“¬„π∑’Ë ÿ¥
„π≈–§√ Õ“®“√¬å™πª√–§—≈¿å‰¥âπ”·π«§‘¥∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“‡¢â“¡“„™â ‚¥¬· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“§«“¡ ÿ¢∑’Ë
·∑â®√‘ßπ—Èπ‰¡à‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë°“√‡ªìπ‡®â“¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√Õß∑√—æ¬å ¡∫—µ‘´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡æ’¬ß«—µ∂ÿπÕ°°“¬ ·µàÕ¬Ÿà∑’˧«“¡ ß∫
¿“¬„𮑵„® „π‡¡◊ËÕ·¥ππ’ À√◊Õ∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß„π©∫—∫‰∑¬¬—߬÷¥µ‘¥Õ¬Ÿà°—∫°‘‡≈  §«“¡Õ¬“°‰¥â„§√à¡’ ´÷Ë߇ªì𠓇Àµÿ
𔉪 Ÿà§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å ‡¢“®÷߉¡à “¡“√∂∫√√≈ÿ∂÷ߧ«“¡ ß∫¿“¬„π‰¥â ·≈–µâÕ߇ ’¬™’«‘µ„π∑’Ë ÿ¥

§” ”§—≠ : ®ÕÀåπ  ‰µπå‡∫°, §≥–≈–§√¡√¥°„À¡à, ™πª√–§—≈¿å ®—π∑√å‡√◊Õß, ‰µ√≈—°…≥å

ªí®®—¬Àπ÷ßË ∑’∑Ë ”„Àâ ®ÕÀåπ  ‰µπå-  ∂“π°“√≥å¢Õ߉∑¬‰¥â ¢âÕæ‘ Ÿ®πå ºŸâ Õà “ π™“«‰∑¬ “¡“√∂‡¢â “ „®

‡∫° ‡ªìππ—°ª√–æ—π∏å∑’ˇªìπ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡
Õ¬à“ß∑à«¡∑âπ„π°≈ÿࡺŸâÕà“π™“«‰∑¬
°Á§◊Õ ·°àπ‡√◊ËÕßÀ≈“¬‡√◊ËÕߢÕ߇¢“¡’
§«“¡‡ªìπ “°≈ ·≈–∫“߇√◊ÕË ß “¡“√∂
π”¡“ — ¡ æ— π ∏å °— ∫ «— ≤ π∏√√¡·≈–
¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªìπ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡¢Õß ‰µπå‡∫°
§◊ Õ Àπ— ß  ◊ Õ ∑’Ë · ª≈®“°º≈ß“π¢Õß
‡¢“‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°‡√◊ËÕß “¡“√∂æ∫‡ÀÁπ‰¥â
„π√â“πÀπ—ß ◊Õ à«π¡“°„π°√ÿ߇∑æœ
·≈–®—ßÀ«—¥„À≠à Ê „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
∂÷ß™–µ“°√√¡Õ—π‡≈«√⓬¢Õߧ√Õ∫
§√—«‚®¥ å (Joads) „π The Grapes
of Wrath ‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
¡’§«“¡§≈⓬§≈÷ß°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ°—∫
™“«π“ºŸâ¬“°®π„πÕ’ “π ¿“§µ–«—π

* ∫√√¬“¬„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ÚÙ  ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.». ÚıÙ˘

¡“≈‘∑—µ æ√À¡∑—µµ‡«∑’
189
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
ÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ∑’Ë·Àâß·≈âߢÕߪ√–-
‡∑»‰∑¬ ™“«π“‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°µâÕß
∑‘È ß π“¢â “ «∑’Ë · Àâ ß ·≈â ß ¢ÕßµπÕæ¬æ
‡¢â“ Ÿ‡à ¡◊Õß„À≠à‡æ◊ÕË À“ß“π∑”‡≈’¬È ß™’æ
‡¡◊ËÕ‡¢â“¡“Õ¬Ÿà„π‡¡◊Õß„À≠à·≈â«®÷ßæ∫
«à “ µπ‡ÕßÕ¬Ÿà „ π ¿“æ·«¥≈â Õ ¡∑’Ë ‰ ¡à
§ÿâ 𠇧¬·≈–∫“ߧ√—È ß °Á ‡ ªì π ªØ‘ ªí ° …å
æ«°‡¢“∂Ÿ°§π„π‡¡◊Õß„À≠य़∂Ÿ°·≈–
‡Õ“√—¥‡Õ“‡ª√’¬∫ ‡¡◊ËÕ¢“¥°“√»÷°…“
·≈–§«“¡™”π“≠∑’ËæÕ‡æ’¬ß ß“π∑’Ë
æÕ®–À“‰¥â °Á ¡’ · µà ‡ ªì π §πß“π√“¬
«—πµ“¡ ∂“π∑’Ë°àÕ √â“ß ¢—∫√∂·∑Á°´’Ë
À√◊Õ√—∫®â“ß∑”ß“πµ“¡∫â“π æ«°∑’Ë
‚™§‰¡à ¥’ π— ° Õ“®°≈“¬‡ªì π ºŸâ µ‘ ¥ ¬“
‡ æµ‘ ¥ ¢‚¡¬ À√◊ Õ ‚ ‡¿≥’ ™’ «‘ µ
¢Õߧπ‡À≈à “ π’È ‰ ¥â ∂Ÿ ° 𔇠πÕÕ¬à “ ß
 –‡∑◊ Õ πÕ“√¡≥å „ πº≈ß“π¢Õßπ— °
ª√–æ—π∏å™π—È π”¢Õ߉∑¬ ‡™àπ ≈Ÿ°Õ’ “π
¢Õߧ”æŸπ ∫ÿ≠∑«’ ·≈– People of
Esarn ¢Õßæ’√–  ÿ∏√√¡
§«“¡‚≈¿∑’Ë   –∑â Õ π„Àâ ‡ ÀÁ π „π
The Pearl ¥Ÿ ® –Õ¬Ÿà „ π°¡≈ — 𠥓π
¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ·≈–µ“¡§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ∑“ß
æÿ∑∏»“ π“ ‡ªìπÀπ’Ëß„π “‡Àµÿ¢Õß
§«“¡∑ÿ ° ¢å ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ¢â Õ Àπ÷Ë ß „πÀ≈— °
∏√√¡ ”§— ≠ ¢Õß ¡‡¥Á ® æ√– — ¡ ¡“
 —¡æÿ∑∏‡®â“§◊Õ Õ√‘¬ —® Ù Õ—π‰¥â·°à
∑ÿ°¢å  ¡ÿ∑—¬ π‘‚√∏ ·≈–¡√√§ °‘‡≈  Flat À√◊Õ‚≈°’¬™π „π¿“§¿“…“‰∑¬
À√◊Õ§«“¡ª√“√∂π“Õ¬à“ß·√ß°≈â“π—∫
‡ªì π  “‡Àµÿ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ·°à π ·∑â ¢ Õߧ«“¡
∑ÿ°¢å ¥—ßπ—Èπ π‘ææ“π À√◊Õ°“√À≈ÿ¥
æâ π ®“°«— Ø ®— ° √·Àà ß °√√¡ ®÷ ß ‡ªì π
‡ªÑ“ª√– ß§åÕ—π‡ªìπÕÿ¥¡§µ‘¢Õß™“«
Ò
John Steinbeck, Tortilla Flat, (New York: Penguin Books, 1986), p. 1.
æÿ∑∏∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß∑ÿ°§π
‡Àµÿº≈Õ’°ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ
 ‰µπå‡∫°‡ªìπ∑’πË ¬‘ ¡§◊Õ ¿“…“¢Õ߇¢“
´÷Ë ß ßà “ ¬ Ê ·µà¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ∫∑°«’
‰¡à¡’§”¬“« Ê À√◊Õ‚§√ß √â“ß∑’Ë´—∫
´âÕπ∑’Ë®–¬“° ”À√—∫ºŸâÕà“π™“«‰∑¬
„π‡¡◊Ë Õ §π‰∑¬‰¥â ™◊Ë Õ «à “ ¡’ § «“¡‡ªì π
°«’Õ¬Ÿà„πµ—« ®÷ߪ√—∫‡¢â“°—∫¿“…“∑’Ë¡’
®—ßÀ«–®–‚§π¢Õß ‰µπå‡∫°‰¥âßà“¬
¥—ßπ—πÈ ®÷߉¡àπ“à ª√–À≈“¥„®∑’πË «π‘¬“¬
À≈“¬‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õß ‰µπå ‡ ∫°‰¥â √— ∫ §— ¥
‡≈◊Õ°‡ªìπÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡√’¬π À√◊ÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ
Õà“πª√–°Õ∫ „π‚√߇√’¬π¡—∏¬¡À√◊Õ
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°‡√◊ÕË ß¡’°“√·ª≈
‡ªì π ¿“…“‰∑¬ ‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡Õ◊È Õ ª√–‚¬™πå
„Àâ°—∫ºŸâ∑’ËÕ“®‰¡à¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂æÕ
‡æ’¬ß„π°“√Õà“π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡Àµÿº≈
∑’Ë¡’°“√·ª≈ß“π¢Õß ‰µπå‡∫°Õ¬à“ß
·æ√àÀ≈“¬¥Ÿ®–Õ¬Ÿà∑’˺Ÿâ·ª≈À≈߇ πàÀå
¢Õßß“π¢Õ߇¢“ ·≈–π«π‘¬“¬‡À≈à“
π—Èπ°Á‡Õ◊ÈÕµàÕ°“√·ª≈¥â«¬ Õ¬à“߉√
°Á µ “¡ ·¡â ® –¡’ ºŸâ Õà “ ππ«π‘ ¬ “¬¢Õß
 ‰µπå‡∫°Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß„πª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬ ¡’‡æ’¬ß Ú ‡√◊ËÕ߇∑à“π—Èπ§◊Õ The
Grapes of Wrath ·≈– Tortilla Flat
∑’Ë ∂Ÿ ° 𔉪®— ¥ · ¥ß‡ªì π ≈–§√ ∫∑
§«“¡π’È ® –· ¥ß„Àâ ‡ ÀÁ π «à “ Tortilla
‡¡◊ËÕπ”¡“®—¥· ¥ß‡ªìπ≈–§√‰¥â¡’°“√
ª√—∫„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õ߉∑¬
·≈–¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“Õ¬à“߉√
‚§√ß √â “ ߢÕß Tortilla Flat
¡“®“° Morte DûArthur ¢Õß ‡´Õ√å
John Steinbeck ¡“®—¥· ¥ß‡ªìπ≈–§√‡æ≈߉∑¬
190
∑Õ¡—  ¡“≈Õ√’ (Sir Thomas Malory)
‚¥¬∑’Ë   ‰µπå ‡ ∫°‰¥â √ –∫ÿ ‰ «â „ π∫∑π”
¢Õ߇¢“«à“ çFor Dannyûs house
was not unlike the Round Table,
and Dannyûs friends were not
unlike the knights of it.éÒ ¡’°“√
‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫·∫∫§Ÿà ¢ π“π∑’Ë ‡ ÀÁ 𠉥â
™—¥ √–À«à“ß°“√º®≠¿—¬¢Õß·¥ππ’
(Danny) ·≈–ºÕ߇æ◊Ë Õ πÀ√◊ Õ æ«°
∫â“ππÕ° (Paisanos) ¥Ÿ®–‡À¡◊Õπ
°“√≈âÕ‡≈’¬π‡ ’¬¡“°°«à“°“√‡ª√’¬∫
‡∑’ ¬ ∫°— ∫ °“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ πÕ¬à “ ßÀâ “ «
À“≠‡¬’Ë ¬ ß«’ √ ∫ÿ √ÿ … ¢Õ߇À≈à “ Õ— » «‘ π
‚µä–°≈¡ µ—«·¥ππ’‡Õ߇ª√’¬∫‰¥â°—∫
æ√–‡®â“Õ“√å‡∑Õ√å ´÷Ë߇ªìπ·°π°≈“ß
¢Õß°‘®°√√¡∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß §«“¡µ“¬¢Õß
‡¢“°Á ‡ ∑’ ¬ ∫‰¥â °— ∫ °“√ «√√§µ¢Õß
æ√–‡®â“Õ“√å‡∑Õ√å µÕπ∑⓬‡√◊ËÕß ºÕß
‡æ◊ËÕπ·µà≈–§πµà“ß·¬°¬â“¬‰ª§π≈–
∑‘»≈–∑“ßÀ≈—ß®“°∫â“π´÷Ë߇ªìπµ—«¬÷¥
‡Àπ’ˬ«æ«°‡¢“‰«â¥â«¬°—π∂Ÿ°‰ø‰À¡â
‰ª ®ÿ¥π’ȧ≈⓬§≈÷ß°—∫°“√·µ°·¬°
¢Õß‚µä – °≈¡Õ— 𠇪ì π º≈¡“®“°°“√
∑’ˇÀ≈à“Õ—»«‘πµà“ß·¬°¬â“¬°—π‰ª‡ “–
· «ßÀ“ Holy Grail À√◊Õ®Õ°»—°¥‘Ï
 ‘ ∑ ∏‘Ï ¢ Õßæ√–‡¬´Ÿ Õ¬à “ ߉√°Á µ “¡
§«“¡§≈⓬§≈÷ß√–À«à“ß∑—Èß Ú ‡√◊ËÕß
 ‘Èπ ÿ¥≈ßµ√ßπ’È ‡æ√“–æ«°™“«∫â“π
„π Tortilla Flat ¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ¢Õßæ«°
‡¢“µ“¡°Æ‡°≥±å¢Õß≈—∑∏‘Õ—»«‘π´÷Ëß
·µ°µà “ ß®“°¢ÕßÕ— » «‘ π  ¡— ¬ °≈“ß
§«“¡¡’ ™’ «‘ µ ™’ « “¢Õߧ«“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å
 à « π∫ÿ § §≈√–À«à “ ߧπ‡À≈à “ π’È ‡ Õß∑’Ë
°“√π”‡√◊ËÕß Tortilla Flat ¢Õß
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

‡ªìπ·√ß∫—π¥“≈„®„Àâ ™πª√–§—≈¿å ·π«∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë ‡ πâ π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß¡√¥°‰∑¬ „π —ߧ¡ªí®®ÿ∫—π ·≈–· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“

®—π∑√å‡√◊Õß Õ¥’µÕ“®“√¬å Õπ»‘≈ª–
°“√≈–§√„π¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬™—Èππ”·Ààß
Àπ÷ËߢÕߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ π”™“«∫â“π
‡À≈à“π’È¡“¡’™’«‘µ‚≈¥·≈àπÕ¬Ÿà∫π‡«∑’
™πª√–§—≈¿å ®—π∑√å‡√◊Õß ‡ªìπ
ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ √â“ß·≈–ºŸâ°”°—∫§≥–
≈–§√ ¡√¥°„À¡à ´÷Ë߇ªìπ§≥–≈–§√
§≥–π’È æ‘ ® “√≥“°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß∑’Ë
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬‡æ◊ËÕ· «ßÀ“√Ÿª
·∫∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ”À√—∫≈–§√ °“√
∑â “ ∑“¬∑’Ë  ”§— ≠ ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ ¢Õߧ≥– §◊ Õ
ç°√–∫«π°“√∑’Ë∑”‡∑»„À⇪ìπ‰∑¬é
·∑π∑’Ë®–ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ¡√¥°‰∑¬ §≥–
欓¬“¡À“∑’Ë„Àâ¡√¥°‡À≈à“π’ÈÕ¬Ÿà‰¥â
¡√¥°‰∑¬‰¡à ¡’ Õ –‰√¢— ¥ ·¬â ß °— ∫ ‚≈°
 ¡—¬„À¡à‡≈¬ µ√ß°—π¢â“¡ ¡√¥°‰∑¬
°≈—∫‡ πÕ∑“߇≈◊Õ°„À¡à Ê „Àâ·°à ß— §¡
™πª√–§— ≈ ¿å ° ≈à “ «∂÷ ß ‡Àµÿ º ≈∑’Ë ‡ ¢“
µ—¥ ‘π„®®—¥· ¥ß≈–§√‡√◊ËÕß «≥‘æ°
√”æ÷ß À√◊Õ Tortilla Flat ©∫—∫‰∑¬
‰«â¥ß— π’È

ç‚≈°’¬™π ‡ªìππ«π‘¬“¬‡µÁ¡√Ÿª·∫∫ ‡∑à“∑’Ë∑√“∫¬—߉¡à‡§¬‡ÀÁπÀ√◊Õ‰¥â¬‘π«à“

¡’„§√π”‡√◊ËÕßπ’È¡“∑”≈–§√‡≈¬ ∑’Ë®√‘ß·≈â« ◊ËÕ¢Õßπ«π‘¬“¬°—∫ ◊ËÕ¢Õ߇«∑’π’Ë¡—π§π≈–
‡√◊ËÕß µ√√°–„π°“√𔇠πÕ°Áµà“ß°—π ...‡¡◊ËÕº¡‰¥â√Ÿâ®—° JOHN STEINBECK µ—Èß·µà
§√“«π—Èπ º¡°Áµ‘¥µ“¡ß“π¢Õ߇¢“¡“µ≈Õ¥ ·≈â«¡“ –¥ÿ¥Õ¬Ÿà∑’ˇ√◊ËÕß TORTILLA FLAT
º¡µ—¥ ‘π„®‚¥¬©—∫æ≈—π∂÷ß°—∫ª√–°“»°√â“««à“™“µ‘π’È®–µâÕß∑”‡√◊ËÕßπ’ÈÕÕ° Ÿà “¬µ“
ª√–™“™π„À≥⠇√◊ËÕßπ’È «¬¡“°§√—∫ §π °ª√° ¢’ȇÀ√à ¢’ȇ°’¬® ¢’ÈÕ‘®©“ ¢’ȇ¡“ ‰¡à¡’
À—«πÕπª≈“¬µ’π ‰¡à¡’Õ𓧵 ®√®—¥ ¡—Ë«‚≈°’¬å Àâ“À°§π‡ªìπµ—«‡Õ°  «¬¡“° Ê º¡
æ∫«à“‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȇ¢’¬π¢÷Èπ ”À√—∫∑ÿ°™“µ‘ ∑ÿ°¿“…“ ∑ÿ°§π‡ªìπ “°≈  ‘Ëß∑’Ë∫Õ°Õ¬Ÿà„π‡√◊ËÕß
‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ë߇√◊ËÕߢÕߧ«“¡Õ¬“°‰¥â„§√à¡’ À√◊Õ§«“¡ ÿ¢∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ßπ—ÈπÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë„®
¢Õ߇√“‡Õß ¡—π¬‘Ëß„À≠à‡°‘π°«à“∑’Ë®–ª≈àÕ¬„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ßµ—«Õ—°…√„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ ·≈â«∑’Ë
 ”§—≠¡—π‡ªìπæÿ∑∏ µ—«≈–§√Õ¬à“߉Õâ∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß (DANNY) ∑’Ë«—π Ê ‰¡à‡§¬§‘¥∂÷ßÕ𓧵
‰¡à‡§¬√Ÿ¡â “°àÕπ«à“Õ“À“√¡◊ÕÈ Àπâ“®–‡ªìπÕ–‰√ √Ÿ·â µà‡æ’¬ß«à“À‘«‡¡◊ÕË ‰À√à°‰Á ª¢‚¡¬‡¢“°‘π
¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢Õ¬Ÿà·µà°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπΩŸß™“«‚≈°’¬™π¥â«¬°—π·≈â«°Á‡À≈â“ ®Ÿà Ê ‰¥â√—∫¡√¥°∫â“π
¡“ ÕßÀ≈—ß  «¬¡—Ȭ≈à–§√—∫ §‘¥ßà“¬ Ê Õ¬à“ßπ’È°Á‰¥â §ÿ≥ºŸâ¡’ß“π¡’∫â“π¡’§√Õ∫§√—«¡’
‡ß‘πΩ“°ª√–®” ¡’‡ß‘π – ¡ ¡’≠“µ‘æ’ËπâÕß ¡’§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß„π™’«‘µ ®Ÿà Ê µ◊Ëπ¢÷Èπ¡“·≈â«
æ∫«à“ ∑ÿ° ‘Ëß∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’‰¡à¡’‡ ’¬·≈â« ©—π„¥©—ππ—Èπ®–¡Õß„Àâ≈÷°≈߉ªÀπàÕ¬°Á‰¥â
∫â“π∑’ˉÕâæ«°‚≈°’¬™π‰¥â√—∫π—Èπ°Á§◊Õ «—µ∂ÿ∑’ˇªìπ‡§√◊ËÕߪ√ÿß·µàß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ¡—π‡°‘¥°‘‡≈ 
‡ªìπ —≠≈—°…≥å¢Õߧ«“¡À“¬π– ∫â“ππ’Ë·À≈–µ—«ªí≠À“ ”§—≠‡æ√“–æÕ¡’¡—π‡√“
°ÁµâÕß√—°…“ µâÕߥŸ·≈ ·≈–„π∑’Ë ÿ¥°Á‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ °“√‰¥â√—∫¢Õßæ«°
‚≈°’¬™π°Á‡∑à“°—∫°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬¢ÕߧπÕ¬à“߇√“ Ê ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π —ߧ¡ °≈—∫µ“≈ªíµ√°—π¥’
‰À¡≈à–§√—∫ ·≈–π’Ë°Á‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷Ëß∑’ˇªìπ‡ πàÀå¢Õ߇√◊ËÕßπ’È
‡¡◊ËÕ¥”√‘∑’Ë®–∑”‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȇªìπ≈–§√ °ÁµâÕߧ‘¥Õ¬à“ß≈–§√‡«∑’ π—Èπ§◊Õª√–°“√·√°
À“„À≥â«à“∑’Ë STEINBECK ∫Õ°‰«â„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’È¡’Õ–‰√∑’Ë°√–∑∫‡√“¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ¡’Õ–‰√∑’Ë
µ√ß°—∫‚≈°∑—»πå‡√“∑’Ë ÿ¥·≈â«π”¡“‡ªìπ THEME À√◊Õ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ√“®–∫Õ°„π≈–§√ º¡
Õ¬“°®–‡πâπµ√ß∑’Ë«à“ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ√“§◊Õµ—«º¡‡Õß®–∫Õ°‰¡à„™à STEINBECK ®–∫Õ°π–§√—∫
µ√ßπ’È ”§—≠¡“°‡æ√“–º¡‰¡à¡’∑“ßÀ¬—Ëß√Ÿâ‡¢“‰¥âÀ¡¥®¥·πà ¡—π§π≈–§π°—π º¡æ∫«à“

¡“≈‘∑—µ æ√À¡∑—µµ‡«∑’
191
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
‡√◊ËÕßπ’È°√–∑∫º¡µ√ß®ÿ¥∑’Ë«à“ §«“¡ ÿ¢∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ßÀ“„™àÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë«—µ∂ÿ‰¡à ¡—πÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë„®‡√“π’ˇÕß
π’˧◊Õª√–‚¬§∑’˺¡Õ¬“°®–∫Õ°„π≈–§√‡√◊ËÕßπ’È·≈–π’˧◊Õ®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ„π°“√∑”‡√◊ËÕßπ’È„Àâ
‡ªìπ≈–§√‡«∑’ Ú
‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â·°àπ¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß·≈â« ™π
ª√–§—≈¿å°Á¡ÕßÀ“µ—«≈–§√À≈—°´÷Ëß®–
 ◊ËÕ§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õ߇¢“‰ª ŸàºŸâ™¡·≈–
‡≈◊Õ° ∫ÿâß°’Î (Pilon) ∑ƒ…Æ’Àπ÷Ëß„π
°“√À“µ— « ≈–§√À≈— °  ”À√— ∫ ≈–§√
‡√◊Ë Õ ßÀπ÷Ë ß §◊ Õ  √â “ ßµ— « ≈–§√µ— « π’È „ Àâ
µ√ߢⓡ°—∫·°àπ¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß‚¥¬ ‘Èπ‡™‘ß
„ππ«π‘ ¬ “¬ ·¥ππ’ §◊ Õ ºŸâ ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â √— ∫
¡√¥°‡ªìπ∫â“π Ú À≈—ß ·µà‡¢“‰¡à¡’
§«“¡ ÿ ¢ °— ∫ ¡√¥°∑’Ë ‰ ¥â √— ∫ À√◊ Õ «— µ ∂ÿ
πÕ°°“¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°®ÿ¥ π„®¢Õß™π
ª√–§—≈¿å§◊Õ§«“¡ ÿ¢∑’Ë·∑â®√‘߉¡à‰¥â
Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë«—µ∂ÿπÕ°°“¬ µ—«≈–§√À≈—°¢Õß
‡¢“®÷ ß µâ Õ ß¡’ § «“¡ ÿ ¢ °— ∫ «— µ ∂ÿ π Õ°
°“¬‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ߧ«“¡¢—¥·¬âß ∫ÿâß°’·™◊ËÕ
«à“°“√‡ªìπ‡®â“¢Õß«—µ∂ÿπÕ°°“¬π”
¡“´÷Ëߧ«“¡ ÿ¢ ·≈–‡¢“°Á‡ªìπºŸâ∑’Ë∑”
∑ÿ° ‘ßË ∑’ÕË ¬Ÿ„à πÕ”π“®‡æ◊ÕË ∑’®Ë –‰¥â¡π— ¡“
«≥‘ æ °√”æ÷ ß ®— ¥ · ¥ß„π√Ÿ ª
·∫∫¢Õß≈–§√‡æ≈ß  Õ¥·∑√°¥â«¬
‡æ≈ßæ◊Èπ∫â“π∑’ˇªìπ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—°°—π¥’ ‡™àπ
‡æ≈ߢÕ∑“π ‡æ≈ß‚À¡àß ‡æ≈߇À¬àÕ¬
‡æ≈ß°≈àÕ¡‡¥Á° ‡æ≈߇√◊Õ ‡æ≈ß©àÕ¬
·≈–‡æ≈ßÕ’·´«µ≈Õ¥‡√◊ËÕß ≈–§√‡ªî¥
©“°¥â«¬π—°√âÕßÀ¡Ÿà𔇠πÕ¿Ÿ¡‘À≈—ß
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß ∑’Ë√–‡∫’¬ß¡’°“√
µ’ ° ≈Õ߇¢â “ ®— ß À«–‡æ≈ß §≈â “ ¬°— ∫
≈–§√°√’° °“√®—¥©“°¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
·≈–‡ªìπÕ‘ √– ‚¥¬¡’«ß¥πµ√’∫√√‡≈ß
Ú
§≥–≈–§√¡√¥°„À¡à, ¡√¥°„À¡à (°√ÿ߇∑æœ) Àπâ“ Ò˜-Ò¯.
‡ªìπÀ≈—° ≈–§√‡√◊ËÕßπ’È¡’°“√„™â©“°
Û ¥â“π·≈–¡’∫—π‰¥‰ª ŸàÀ≈—ߧ“‚√ß
≈–§√‡æ◊ËÕ„™â·∑πÀπ⓺“‡Àπ◊Õ∑–‡≈
¥â«¬ ¡’∑’Ëπ—Ëß™¡‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡´÷ËßÀ—π‰ª∑“ß
∑’Ë π—Ë ß ™¡ª√–∏“π·≈–∑’Ë π—Ë ß ∑’Ë √ –‡∫’ ¬ ß
ºŸâ· ¥ß ¡∑∫·∫à߇ªìπ°≈ÿà¡ Ê ´÷Ëß®–
√«¡µ—«°—πÀ√◊Õ·¬°µ—«µ“¡∑’°Ë “√· ¥ß
·µà≈–©“°®–°”Àπ¥
©“°¢Õ߇√◊ËÕߧ◊ÕÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π‡≈Á° Ê
™◊Ë Õ ·≈߬ÿ ´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡§≈⓬§≈÷ß°—∫
Tortilla Flat µ√ß∑’˵—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∫π‡π‘π‡¢“
·≈–‰¡à ¡’ ‰ øøÑ “ „™â ºŸâ ™ ¡‰¥â √— ∫ √Ÿâ «à “
‰øøÑ“°”≈—ß®–‡¢â“¡“∂÷ßÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π·≈߬ÿ
·≈–¡’ ®ÿ ¥ ™¡«‘ « ∫π‡¢“™◊Ë Õ §«πÀ— «
·À° ´÷Ëßπ—°∑—»π“®√À≈“¬§πµ°≈ß
¡“‡ ’¬™’«µ‘ ∑ÿ°ªï‡æ√“–À‘π∑’πË π—Ë ≈◊πË ¡“°
·µà„π à«π™“«∫â“π‡Õß°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ
¢Õßæ«°‡¢“‡°‘¥®“°§«“¡ª√–¡“∑
‡≈‘π‡≈àÕ ‡™àπ ‡¡◊ËÕªï∑’Ë·≈â« ≈ÿßÀ¡“°
 —ª‡À√àÕ‡°‘¥∂Ÿ°À«¬‰¥â‡ß‘π¡“°‡≈¬
 √â “ ß∫â “ π‡ ’ ¬ Ú À≈— ß ·°¥’ „ ®°‘ π
‡À≈â “ ‡≈’È ¬ ß©≈Õß®π‡¡“µ°‡¢“µ“¬
∫â“π Ú À≈—ß®÷ßµ°‡ªìπ¡√¥°¢Õß ∫ÿ≠
∑‘Èß (Danny)
µàÕ¡“ºÕ߇æ◊ËÕπ¢Õß∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß´÷Ëß
‡ªì π æ«°√à Õ π‡√à ‰ ¥â ¡ “√à « ¡¡’  à « π„π
‚™§¥’ ¢ Õ߇¢“¥â « ¬ ∫ÿ § §≈‡æ’ ¬ ߧπ
‡¥’¬«∑’ˬա‡ «π“°—∫æ«°π’ȧ◊Õ ¬’Ë ÿàπ
(´÷Ë߇ªìπµ—«≈–§√∑’Ë¡’ à«πº ¡√–À«à“ß
John Steinbeck ¡“®—¥· ¥ß‡ªìπ≈–§√‡æ≈߉∑¬
192
Sweet Ramirez °—∫ Senora Teresina
Cortez  “« «¬´÷Ëß¡’ “¡’À≈“¬§π
·≈–¡’≈Ÿ°‡ªìπ‚¢¬ß) ¬’Ë ÿàπ™Õ∫¡“
¢≈ÿ°¢≈ÿà¬Õ¬Ÿà°—∫∫ÿ≠∑‘È߇æ√“–µâÕß°“√
‰¥â∫â“π¢Õ߇¢“
„ππ«π‘¬“¬ ·¥ππ’ ´÷Ë߉ª‡ªìπ
∑À“√°≈—∫¡“∫â“π æ∫«à“‡¢“‰¥â√—∫
¡√¥°‡ªìπ∫â“π Ú À≈—ß®“°≈ÿß „π
≈–§√™“µ‘°”‡π‘¥¢Õß∫ÿ≠∑‘ßÈ ‰¡à™¥— ‡®π
·¡à¢Õ߇¢“‡ªìπ‚ ‡¿≥’ ·≈–æàÕ°ÁÕ“®
‡ªìπºŸâ™“¬§π„¥°Á‰¥â„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π·≈߬ÿ
·¡â·µà™◊ËÕ¢Õ߇¢“‡Õß°Á¡’π—¬«à“‡¢“‰¡à
‡ªìπ∑’˵âÕß°“√ ¢≥–∑’Ë·¡à¡—«‰ª¡—Ë«°—∫
∫√√¥“‡æ◊ËÕ𙓬 ∫ÿ≠∑‘È߇µ‘∫‚µ¢÷Èπ
¡“„π∞“π–§π®√®— ¥ ¢“¥∑—È ß ≠“µ‘
æ’ËπâÕß ‡ß‘π∑Õß ·≈–§«“¡√—° ¡’·µà
‡æ’¬ß‡æ◊ÕË π√à«¡°ä«π∑’πË “à  ¡‡æ™æÕ Ê
°—π ‰¥â·°à ∫ÿâß°’Î ª≈“∫Ÿà (Pablo) ‡∂√
(Jesus Maria Corcoran) «—π‡æÁ≠
(Big Joe Portagee) ·≈– ‚¡àß·°≈–
(The Pirate) ¡“√à«¡«ß°‘π‡À≈â“À—«
√“πÈ” ™’«‘µ¢Õß∫ÿ≠∑‘È߇ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª™—Ë«
¢â“¡§◊π®“°°“√‰¥â√—∫∫â“π Ú À≈—ß
‡ªìπ¡√¥° §«“¡ ÿ¢¢Õ߇¢“‚∫¬∫‘π
‰ª‡À≈◊Õ·µà‡æ’¬ß§«“¡‡»√â“‚»°·≈–
§«“¡¬ÿà߬“°
‚¥¬√«¡·≈â«≈–§√¥”‡π‘πµ“¡
‚§√߇√◊ÕË ß¢Õßπ«π‘¬“¬Õ¬à“ß„°≈⇧’¬ß
¢âÕ·µ°µà“ß∑’Ë ”§—≠Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë™πª√–§—≈¿å
°“√π”‡√◊ËÕß Tortilla Flat ¢Õß

®—¥°“√°—∫µ—«≈–§√Õ¬à“߉√ „π¢≥–∑’Ë
µ— « ≈–§√À≈— ° „ππ«π‘ ¬ “¬·µà ≈ –µ— «
¡’ ° “√æ— ≤ π“Õ¬à “ ß ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å µ “¡∑’Ë
 ‰µπå ‡ ∫°‡πâ π ≈–§√®–‡πâ π ∑’Ë ° “√
°√–∑”¢Õßµ— « ≈–§√¡“°°«à “ ´÷Ë ß °Á
‡À¡“– ¡ ”À√— ∫ °“√· ¥ß∫π‡«∑’
πÕ°®“°∫ÿ ≠ ∑‘È ß ·≈–∫ÿâ ß °’Î · ≈â « µ— «
≈–§√µ—«Õ◊Ëπ¡’°“√æ—≤π“Õ¬à“ߺ‘«‡º‘π
ºŸâ™¡®–‡ÀÁπ‡æ’¬ß°“√°√–∑”¢Õßæ«°
‡¢“‡∑à “ π—È π ·µà ‰ ¡à   “¡“√∂‡¢â “ ∂÷ ß
§«“¡§‘¥À√◊Õ§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°¢Õßæ«°‡¢“
‰¥â §«“¡ºŸ ° æ— π ∑’Ë   ≈— ∫ ´— ∫ ´â Õ π
√–À«à “ ß·¥ππ’ · ≈–ºÕ߇æ◊Ë Õ π´÷Ë ß
 ‰µπå ‡ ∫° √â “ ߉«â Õ ¬à “ ß «¬ß“¡
≈–‡¡’¬¥≈–‰¡°Á¢“¥À“¬‰ª®“°≈–§√
¥â «¬ ‡«≈“∑’ËÕà“ππ«π‘¬“¬ ºŸâ Õà “ π®–
‡ÀÁ 𠧫“¡¿Ÿ ¡‘ „ ®·≈–»— ° ¥‘Ï » √’ ¢ Õßµ— «
≈–§√‰¥âÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π ‰¡à«à“µ—«≈–§√
π—πÈ ®–¬“°®πÀ√◊Õ‰√â°“√»÷°…“‡æ’¬ß„¥
µ— « ≈–§√Õ’ ° µ— « Àπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë · µ°µà “ ß
‰ª®“°π«π‘¬“¬§◊Õ ®‘π°’Ë (Chin Kee)
‡®â“¢Õß√â“π™”ÀπⓇ≈◊Õ¥·≈–©≈“¥
·°¡‚°ß´÷Ë߇¢â“¡“·∑π∑’Ë µÕ√å‡√≈≈’
(Torrelli) æàէⓙ“«Õ‘µ“≈’ „π≈–§√
‰¡à¡’°“√°≈à“«∂÷ß®‘π°’Ë µ—«‡¥‘¡´÷Ë߇ªìπ
‡®â“¢Õß≈“π™”·À≈–ª≈“À¡÷° °“√
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßπ’ȇªìπ‰ªµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘
·≈–‡¢â“„®‰¥âßà“¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°§π®’π∑’Ë
‡ªì π ‡®â “ ¢Õß∏ÿ √ °‘ ® ‡ªì π ∑’Ë §ÿâ 𠇧¬„π
 —ߧ¡‰∑¬ §π‡À≈à“π’È°ÿ¡∫—߇À’¬π∑“ß
‡»√…∞°‘® ‚¥¬‡©æ“–µ“¡À¡Ÿà∫â“π
™π∫∑ ®‘π°’°Ë ∫— ¿√√¬“§◊Õ ®’©Õà ¬ (Chi
Choi À√◊Õ Mrs. Torrelli) ´÷Ëß≈–‚¡∫
æÕ Ê °—π 欓¬“¡∑ÿ°«‘∂’∑“ß∑’Ë®–
‡ªìπ‡®â“¢Õß∫â“π¢Õß∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß ‰¡à«à“®–
¡“≈‘∑—µ æ√À¡∑—µµ‡«∑’
¥â«¬‡≈àÀåÀ√◊ե⫬°≈ „πµÕπ∑⓬¢Õß
‡√◊ËÕß “¡’¿√√¬“§Ÿàπ’È∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇ ¡◊Õπ
Greek chorus ‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ
‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—π·≈â« Torrelli ·≈–
¿√√¬“¥Ÿ®–„®¥’∑’‡¥’¬« ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
Mrs. Torrelli ´÷Ë߬ա„Àâæ«°«≥‘æ°
À«à“π≈âÕ¡®πµâÕß„À≫πåæ«°‡¢“‰ª
Ò §«Õ√åµ ·≈°°—∫°“߇°ß¬’π å‡°à“ Ê
Ò µ—«´÷Ëß„π∑’Ë ÿ¥°Á∂Ÿ°¢‚¡¬‰ª
µ—«≈–§√∑’Ë™◊ËÕ √”æ÷ß ´÷Ëß®–‡ªìπ
≈Ÿ ° §â “ ∑’Ë ® –°Ÿâ ‡ ß‘ π ®“°∫√‘ …— ∑ ∑’Ë ∫ÿ ≠ ∑‘È ß
·≈–‡æ◊ÕË π«“ß·ºπ®–µ—ßÈ ¢÷πÈ „πÕ𓧵
¡’∑’Ë¡“®“° Senora Teresina Cortez
À≠‘ ß ºŸâ ¬ “°®π·∂¡¡’ ≈Ÿ ° ‡ªì π æ√«π
‡≈’È ¬ ß≈Ÿ ° Õ¬à “ ßπà “  — ß ‡«™‚¥¬°“√‡∑
‡»…Õ“À“√≈ß∫πæ◊Èπ „ππ«π‘¬“¬ºŸâ
„ÀâÕ“À“√‡¥Á° Ê §◊Õ¬“¬ºŸâ™√“´÷Ë߇∑
∂—Ë«µâ¡≈ß∫πæ◊Èπ„ÀâÀ≈“π Ê °‘π ¥â«¬
§«“¡‡«∑𓇥Á° ∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπ®÷ß
µâ¡¢â“«µâ¡‡ªì¥„Àâ°‘π ·µà§«“¡∑’ˇ¥Á°
æ«°π’ȉ¡à§ÿâπ‡§¬°—∫Õ“À“√¥—ß°≈à“«
®÷ ß ‡ ’ ¬ ™’ «‘ µ ∑— π ∑’ ∑’Ë °‘ π ‡¢â “ ‰ª „π
π«π‘¬“¬‡¥Á° Ê ´÷Ëß°‘πµÕ√嵑¬“°—∫
∂—Ë«‡ªìπÕ“À“√À≈—°‰¡à‰¥âµ“¬ ·∂¡¬—ß
 ÿ¢¿“楒 À≈—ß®“°‡Õ“∫â“π‰ª®”πÕß
°— ∫ ‡®â “ Àπ’È · ≈â « √”æ÷ ß °Á ºŸ ° §Õµ“¬
¥â « ¬§«“¡ ‘È π À«— ß ·µà „ ππ«π‘ ¬ “¬
Senora Cortez ‰¡àµ“¬ ·µàµ—Èߧ√√¿å
‚¥¬∑’Ë æà Õ ¢Õ߇¥Á ° „π∑â Õ ß§◊ Õ ‡æ◊Ë Õ π
§π„¥§πÀπ÷ËߢÕß·¥ππ’ ´÷Ë߇∏Õ‡Õß
°Á‰¡à√Ÿâ«à“§π‰Àπ
©“°¢∫¢—π„ππ«π‘¬“¬‡°‘¥®“°
 ∂“π°“√≥å ¡ “°°«à “ §”æŸ ¥ ≈–§√
 Õ¥·∑√°§«“¡À¬“∫§“¬¢Õßµ— «
≈–§√ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß°“√„™â
193
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
¿“…“·≈–°“√°√–∑” §”‰∑¬π—Èπ‡Õ◊ÈÕ
µàÕ°“√𔉪‡≈àπ§”æâÕ߇ ’¬ßÀ√◊Õ¡’
§«“¡À¡“¬‡ªìπ Ú π—¬ π—°√âÕ߇æ≈ß
æ◊Èπ∫â“π·≈–°«’∑’Ë¡’‰À«æ√‘∫ “¡“√∂
¥âπ°≈Õπ ¥´÷Ëß¡—°¡’§«“¡À¡“¬·Ωß
„π‡√◊ËÕ߇滉¥âÕ¬à“ß©—∫æ≈—π‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟â
øí߇°‘¥§«“¡ πÿ° π“𠇙àπ ∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß
®–µ—Èß™◊ËÕ≈Ÿ°«à“ ¥Õ°‰¡â ‚¥¬¡’™◊ËÕ‡≈àπ
«à “ Õ’¥Õ° ∂â“≈Ÿ°‡ªìπºŸâÀ≠‘ß §”«à“
çÕ’é ‡ªì𧔂∫√“≥∑’Ë™“«™π∫∑¡—°
„™â‡√’¬°ºŸâÀ≠‘ß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡¥Á°ºŸâÀ≠‘ß
‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß§«“¡§ÿâπ‡§¬‚¥¬‰¡à∂◊Õ‡ªìπ
§”À¬“∫ „π∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡ çÕ’¥Õ°é
´÷Ëß¡“®“° ç¥Õ°∑Õßé ‡ªì𧔥Ÿ∂Ÿ°
‡À¬’¬¥À¬“¡∑’Ë„™â‡√’¬°ºŸâÀ≠‘ß ” àÕπ
Õ“®‡ªìπ‰¥â«à“ºŸâ°”°—∫欓¬“¡· ¥ß
„Àâ‡ÀÁπ¿“晓«∫â“π∑’ˇªìπ·∫∫©∫—∫
π—Ëπ°Á§◊Õ ‰¡à¡’°“√¢—¥‡°≈“·≈–‰¡à¡’
°“√»÷°…“ Õ—π®–‡ªìπæ◊Èπ∞“π𔉪 Ÿà
¡ÿ°µ≈°µà“ß Ê ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫‡ªìπ à«π
Àπ÷ßË ¢Õß≈–§√‰∑¬ ·¡â·µà„π¿“æ¬πµ√å
À√◊Õ≈–§√∑’ˇ»√â“∑’Ë ÿ¥°Á¬—ß¡’∑’Ë ”À√—∫
Õ“√¡≥å¢—π ‡™àπ „π©“°∑’Ë∫â“πÀ≈—ß
∑’Ë Ú ¢Õß∫ÿ ≠∑‘È ß∑’ˇ¢“Õ¬Ÿà °—∫¬’Ë  ÿàπ
¡’°“√‚µâ§“√¡°—πÕ¬à“߇ºÁ¥√âÕπ·≈–
§à Õ π¢â “ ßÀ¬“∫‚≈π√–À«à “ ßæ«°
«≥‘æ°°—∫∫√√¥“≈Ÿ° “«¢Õ߬’Ë ÿàπ§◊Õ
Õ≈‘´“‡∫∑ Œ‘‡¥‚°– ·≈– ‡À¡à¬©‘π
´÷Ë ß ™◊Ë Õ ¢Õß∑—È ß Û  “«∫Õ°‡ªì π π— ¬
∂÷ߧ«“¡À≈“¬À≈“°π“π“™“µ‘¢Õß
ºŸâ‡ªìπ∫‘¥“ ∑”„À⺟♡‡°‘¥§«“¡¢∫
¢—π ºàÕπ§≈“¬Õ“√¡≥å
∫∑≈–§√¡’°“√ª√—∫‡ª≈’¬Ë πÀ≈“¬
Õ¬à“ß ‡æ◊ËÕ∑’˪√–‡¥Áπ∫“ߪ√–°“√®–
‰¥â ‰ ¡à ¥Ÿ · ª≈°·¬° ”À√— ∫ ºŸâ ™ ¡™“«
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
‰∑¬ ≈—°…≥–∑’ˇªìπ§√‘ ‡µ’¬π ‡™àπ
°“√§âπÀ“ ¡∫—µ‘„π§◊π°àÕπ«—π©≈Õß
π—°∫ÿ≠·Õπ¥√Ÿ ·≈–°“√∑’Ë ÿπ—¢¢Õß
‰æ‡√µ (Pirate) ¡Õ߇ÀÁπ¿“æπ‘¡‘µ
»—°¥‘Ï ‘∑∏‘Ï ∂Ÿ°‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªì𧫓¡‡™◊ËÕ
‡√◊Ë Õ ß¿Ÿ µ º’ ªï » “®·≈–‡√◊Ë Õ ß‡Àπ◊ Õ
∏√√¡™“µ‘·∫∫™“«∫â“π‰∑¬´÷Ë߇ªìπ
∑’˧ÿâπ‡§¬¡“°°«à“ „πµÕπ‡√‘Ë¡·√°
¢Õß≈–§√ ºŸâ™¡‡√’¬π√Ÿâ«à“ºÕ߇æ◊ËÕπ
µ“¡‚¡àß·°≈–‡¢â“‰ª„πªÉ“‡æ◊ËÕ®–¥Ÿ«à“
‡¢“´àÕπ‡ß‘π∑’Ë – ¡‰¥â®“°°“√¢“¬
¢Õߪɓ‰«â∑’ˉÀπ ‡ß‘ππ’È®–𔉪´◊ÈÕ
¢Õ߇´à π ‰À«â ‡ ®â “ æà Õ ´÷Ë ß ª√–∑— ∫ Õ¬Ÿà ∑’Ë
»“≈∫π§«πÀ— « ·À°‡æ◊Ë Õ ¢Õ∫§ÿ ≥ ∑’Ë
‡®â “ æà Õ ‰¥â ™à « ¬√— ° …“ ÿ π— ¢ ¢Õß‚¡à ß
·°≈–®“°‚√§∑âÕß√à«ß (‡æ◊ËÕ®–µ“¬
¥â«¬‚√§∑âÕߺŸ°„π¿“¬À≈—ß) ‡ªìπ°“√
ª√— ∫ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π®“°°“√´◊È Õ ‡™‘ ß ‡∑’ ¬ π
∑Õߧ” ”À√—∫π—°∫ÿ≠ø√“π´‘ ¢Õß
§√‘ ‡µ’¬π π—∫‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“
°“√π”≈—°…≥–∑’ˇªìπ‡∑»¡“ª√—∫„Àâ
‡¢â“°—∫©“°·∫∫‰∑¬ Ê ∑”‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√
‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ◊ËÕπ Ê ¢Õß∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß√“¬
ß“π«à “ ∫â “ πÀ≈— ß Àπ÷Ë ß ¢Õ߇¢“∂Ÿ ° ‰ø
‰À¡â ·µà≈–§π欓¬“¡®–°≈à“«À“
°—π·≈–°—π«à“‡ªìπºŸâ∑”„Àâ‰ø‰À¡â ‡¡◊ËÕ
‰¡à¡’„§√¬Õ¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ ®÷߉¥â¢âÕ¬ÿµ‘
«à“‡À≈Ⓡªìπµ—«°“√∑’Ë∑”„Àâ‰ø≈ÿ°‰À¡â
§π‰∑¬¡—°π”‰«π剪§Ÿà°—∫ —ߧ¡¢Õß
§π™—È π  Ÿ ß ´÷Ë ß ®–‰¡à ‡ ¢â “ °— π °— ∫ ™’ «‘ µ
™π∫∑ ∂Ⓡªìπ‡À≈⓵⡇ÕßÀ√◊Õ‡À≈â“
‡∂◊ËÕπ®–‡À¡“– ¡°«à“
„ππ«π‘¬“¬ ·¥ππ’∂Ÿ°À≈Õ°„Àâ
´◊ÈÕ‡§√◊ËÕߥŸ¥ΩÿÉπ∑—Èß Ê ∑’ˉ¡à¡’‰øøÑ“„™â
„π Tortilla Flat ≈–§√π”À¡âÕÀÿߢ⓫
‰øøÑ “ ¡“·∑π∑’Ë ‡ §√◊Ë Õ ß¥Ÿ ¥ ΩÿÉ π ´÷Ë ß ¥Ÿ
‡À¡“– ¡°—∫ºŸâ™¡™“«‰∑¬¡“°°«à“
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°¢â “ «‡ªì π Õ“À“√À≈— ° ¢Õß
§π‰∑¬ ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߥŸ¥ΩÿÉπ°Á‰¡à‡¢â“°—π
°—∫∫â“πÀ≈—ߧ“¡ÿß®“° ∑—Èß√“§“°Á¬—ß
·æ߇°‘ π °«à “ ∑’Ë æ «°™“«∫â “ π®π Ê
®–¡’ªí≠≠“´◊ÈÕ
‡√◊ËÕß®”πÕß∫â“π·≈–°“√®—¥µ—Èß
∫√‘ …— ∑ ‡ªì π Õ’ ° ª√–‡¥Á π Àπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë ≈ –§√
µà“߉ª®“°π«π‘¬“¬ ‡√◊ËÕßπ’ÈÕ“®π”
‡¢â“¡“‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß∂÷ßπ‘ —¬™Õ∫«“ß·ºπ
¢Õß∫ÿâß°’Î ∑—È߬—ß· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“‰¡à«à“
æ«°«≥‘ æ °®–‡°’ ¬ ®§√â “ πÀ√◊ Õ ≈Õ¬
‰ª≈Õ¬¡“‡æ’¬ß„¥ ‡¢“°Á¬—ß¡’§«“¡
Ωí 𠇩°‡™à π §πÕ◊Ë π Ê „ππ«π‘ ¬ “¬
µÕ√å‡√≈≈’ ‡®â“‡≈àÀå ‡ªìπºŸâÀ≈Õ°·¥ππ’
´÷Ëß°”≈—߇¡“„À⢓¬∫â“π„Àâµπ‡Õß„π
√“§“‡æ’¬ß Úı ¥Õ≈≈“√å
∫ÿâ ß °’Î Õâ Õ π«Õπ„Àâ ‡ ®â “ æà Õ ∑’Ë » “≈
∫π‡¢“™à«¬„À⇢“À“∑“ß·°âª≠ í À“‰¥â
‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡À≈◊ Õ ∫‰ª‡ÀÁ π ∂ÿ ß ‡ß‘ π ¢Õß‚¡à ß
·°≈–´÷Ëß·¢«πÕ¬Ÿà∑’ËΩ“∫â“π ∫ÿâß°’ή÷ß
ª≈¥≈ß¡“‚¥¬µ—Èß„®®–‡Õ“‡ß‘π„π∂ÿß
‰ª‰∂à∫â“π ª√“°Ø«à“„π∂ÿß¡’·µà°âÕπ
À‘π ‡¡◊ËÕ§âπ¥Ÿ®π∑—Ë«°Áæ∫‡À√’¬≠À≈àπ
≈ß¡“®“°µ— « «— π ‡æÁ ≠ ´÷Ë ß ªØ‘ ‡  ∏
‡ ’¬ß·¢Áß«à“‰¡à‰¥â¢‚¡¬‰ª ´÷Ëß≈–§√
¥”‡π‘πµ“¡π«π‘¬“¬∑’Ë ∫‘Í° ‚® (Big
Joe) ‡ªì π ºŸâ ¢ ‚¡¬‡ß‘ 𠉪®“° The
Pirate ‚¥¬‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¡ÿ ° µ≈°µ√ß∑’Ë ‡ ¡◊Ë Õ
«— π ‡æÁ ≠ ∫Õ°«à “ ‡ß‘ 𠇪ì π ¢Õßµπ‡Õß
‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¥â∑”‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬‰«â°—π§π
¢‚¡¬‚¥¬°“√‡≈’¬‡À√’¬≠ ‚¡àß·°≈–
‡≈¬∫Õ°«à “ ‡¢“‰¥â „ ™â Õÿ ® ®“√–ªÑ “ ¬∑’Ë
‡À√’¬≠‡æ◊ËÕ„§√®–‰¥â‰¡à°≈â“¢‚¡¬‡ß‘π
John Steinbeck ¡“®—¥· ¥ß‡ªìπ≈–§√‡æ≈߉∑¬
194
¢Õ߇¢“ æÕ‰¥âøíß«—π‡æÁ≠°ÁÕ“‡®’¬π
·≈–∂Ÿ°‡æ◊ËÕπ Ê √ÿ¡´âÕ¡Õ¬à“ßÀπ—°
æ«°«≥‘ æ °§‘ ¥ À“∑“ßÀ“‡ß‘ π
¡“‰∂à∫â“π ‚¥¬µ°≈ß°—π«à“®–ÕÕ°‰ª
°—∫‡√◊ÕÀ“ª≈“‡æ◊ËÕ®—∫ª≈“™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß
´÷Ë ß ªï À π÷Ë ß ®–‡¢â “ ¡“À“°‘ π Õ¬Ÿà · ∂∫π’È
‡æ’¬ß§√—È߇¥’¬« ·≈–«à“°—π«à“¡’√“§“
·æß√“«°—∫∑Õߧ” ∑ÿ°§π¬°‡«âπ∫ÿ≠
∑‘È߉ª°—πÀ¡¥ „ππ«π‘¬“¬‰¡à¡’°“√
°≈à“«∂÷ß°“√‰ª®—∫ª≈“ ∫“ß∑’≈–§√
Õ“®‡µ‘ ¡ ©“°π’È ‡ ¢â “ ¡“‡æ◊Ë Õ ®–‰¥â „  à
‡æ≈߇√◊Õ‡¢â“‰ª
ºÕ߇æ◊Ë Õ π°≈— ∫ ∫â “ π¡◊ Õ ‡ª≈à “
®‘π°’Ë„À⇫≈“æ«°‡¢“ Ú «—π‡æ◊Ëլ⓬
ÕÕ°®“°∫â“π ∑—π„¥π—Èπ ‡√◊Õ∑’Ë¡’ª≈“
‡µÁ¡≈”°Áª√“°Ø„Àâ‡ÀÁπ ∫ÿâß°’Î∫Õ°«à“
‡√◊ Õ ¢Õ߇¢“·≈à 𠉪æ∫‡√◊ Õ √â “ ß∑’Ë ¡’
ª≈“√“§“·æ߇µÁ¡≈” ‡¢“‡ πÕ¢“¬
ª≈“·≈–‡√◊ Õ „Àâ ®‘ π °’Ë · ≈°‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π°— ∫
 —≠≠“®”πÕß∫â“π ·µàæàէⓇ®â“‡≈àÀå
À≈Õ°∫ÿâ ß °’Î „ Àâ À “∑“ß„Àâ ∫ÿ ≠ ∑‘È ß ‡ªì π
§π‰ªÀ“‡ß‘π§à“‰∂à∫â“π·≈–©’° —≠≠“
∑‘Èߥ⫬µ—«‡Õß ¢≥–∑’Ë√Õ∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß ∫ÿâß°’Î
 —Ëß„À⮑π°’Ë®—¥Õ“À“√¥’ Ê √“§“·æß
¡“‡æ◊Ë Õ ∑’Ë ® –‡≈’È ¬ ߇æ◊Ë Õ π Ê ®‘π°’ˇ≈¬
‡ πÕ„Àâ∫ÿâß°’ή—¥ß“π‡≈’Ȭ߄À≠à ”À√—∫
§π∑—È ß À¡Ÿà ∫â “ π„π√Ÿ ª ¢Õßß“π«— ¥ ∑’Ë
∫â “ π¢Õß∫ÿ ≠ ∑‘È ß ‚¥¬¡’ ° “√‡°Á ∫ §à “
ºà “ πª√–µŸ · ≈–§à “ ‡≈à π ‡°¡ °“√π”
‡ πÕ©“°ß“π«—¥π’È°Á‡æ◊ËÕºŸâ™¡∑’ˇªìπ
™“«°√ÿß´÷Ë߉¡à§àÕ¬¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ÀÁπ∫àÕ¬
π—° ·µà·≈â«®‘π°’Ë°—∫®‘π©àÕ¬°≈—∫‰ª
ÕÕ°√â “ π¢“¬¢Õßπ“π“™π‘ ¥ „πß“π
»æºŸâ„À≠à∫â“π´÷ËßÕ¬ŸàÕ’°ø“°Àπ÷ËߢÕß
·¡àπÈ” ‚¥¬„™â¢â“«µâ¡ø√’·≈–™‘ß™â“
°“√π”‡√◊ËÕß Tortilla Flat ¢Õß
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

 «√√§å‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß≈àÕ„À♓«∫â“π‰ª «à“‰¡à ∫“¬·≈–‡ÀπÁ¥Àπà“¬ ¢≥–π’È ‰¡à‰À«Õ’°·≈â« ·≈â«®÷ß°√–‚¥¥Àπâ“

√à«¡ß“π ®÷ß∑”„Àâ∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß·≈–‡æ◊ËÕπ Ê
‰¡à ¡’ ∑ “ßÀ“‡ß‘ π ‰¥â ¡ “°æÕ¿“¬„π
‡∑’ˬߧ◊π ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡ß‘π∑’ˉ¥â¡“®“°
°“√¢“¬‡√◊Õ·≈–ª≈“∂Ÿ°„™â‰ª„π°“√
‡µ√’¬¡®—¥ß“πÀ¡¥·≈â« ©“°π’ȇπâπ
„Àâ ‡ ÀÁ π π‘  — ¬ ∑’Ë ‰ √â § «“¡‡¡µµ“¢Õß
æàէⓙ“«®’π ´÷Ë߇ªìπµ—«‚°ß∑’ˇªìπ
·∫∫©∫— ∫ „ππ«π‘ ¬ “¬·≈–‡√◊Ë Õ ß —È π
‰∑¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫™’«‘µ™π∫∑À≈“¬‡√◊ËÕß
∫ÿ ≠ ∑‘È ß ∂“¡∫ÿâ ß °’Î «à “ ∫â “ π∑”„Àâ
‡¢“¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢À√◊Õ‰¡à ‡¡◊ËÕ§”µÕ∫§◊Õ
„™à ∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß°Á‡º¬«à“µ—«‡¢“‡Õ߉¡à‡§¬
¡’ § «“¡ ÿ ¢ °— ∫ ∫â “ π‡≈¬ µÕπ∑’Ë ‡ ¢“
‰¡à¡’Õ“À“√°‘π‡¢“°Á¢‚¡¬‡Õ“‰¥â ∫â“π
®÷߉¡à¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠µàÕ™’«‘µ ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ
‡¢“‰¥â‡ªìπ‡®â“¢Õß∫â“π ‡¢“°≈—∫√Ÿâ ÷°
‡¢“¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢∑’ˉ¥â°≈—∫ Ÿà ¿“懥‘¡
‡¢“‰≈à ∑ÿ ° §π‰ª·≈–ª√–°“»«à “ ‡¢“
‰¡à “¡“√∂∑π·∫°¿“√–¢Õß‚≈°‰¥â
Õ’°µàÕ‰ª·≈â«
‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ §«“¡‡√â “ „®„π‡™‘ ß
≈–§√ °“√· ¥ß¥”‡π‘π‰ªæ√âÕ¡°—π
∑—Èß Ú ‡«∑’ ‚¥¬∑’Ë∫π‡«∑’Àπ÷Ëß‚¡àß·°≈–
ÕÕ°µ“¡À“∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß  à«πÕ’°‡«∑’Àπ÷Ëß
∫ÿâß°’ΰ”≈—ß¡’ª“°‡ ’¬ß°—∫®‘π°’Ë ∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß
‡¥‘π‰ª∑“ßÀπ⓺“·≈–¬◊π¡Õߧ«“¡
ß“¡¢Õߥ«ß®—π∑√å ∑âÕßøÑ“∑’ˇµÁ¡‰ª
¥â«¬¥«ß¥“« ·≈–∑–‡≈∑’ˇªìπª√–°“¬
∑—π„¥π—πÈ ‡¢“ª«¥»’√…–¢÷πÈ ¡“Õ¬à“ß·√ß
·≈–¡’∑∑’ “à ‡®Á∫ª«¥·≈–À«“¥°≈—«¡“°
·µà ‰ ¡à ∂÷ ß ¢π“¥§≈ÿâ ¡ §≈—Ë ß ‡∑à “ ·¥ππ’
‡¢“查«à“‡Àπ◊ËÕ¬‡À≈◊Õ‡°‘π ∑πµàÕ‰ª
º“≈߉ª
∑’ËÕ’°‡«∑’Àπ÷Ëß ®‘π°’Ë·≈–®’©àÕ¬
Õâ“ß«à“‡¡◊ËÕ∫ÿ≠∑‘Èßµ“¬·≈â« ∫â“π¢Õß
‡¢“°ÁµâÕßµ°‡ªìπ¢Õߧπ∑—Èß Õß æ«°
™“«∫â“π®÷ߙ૬°—π√«∫√«¡‡ß‘π‡æ◊ËÕ
¡Õ∫„Àâ®’©àÕ¬ ´÷Ëß©’° —≠≠“‡ªìπ™‘‘Èπ
‡≈Á°™‘ÈππâÕ¬‚¬π„ àÀπâ“æ«°«≥‘æ°
∑ÿ°§πÕÕ°‰ªÀ¡¥‡À≈◊Õ·µàºÕ߇æ◊ÕË π
µ–‡°’¬ß‡°‘¥≈⡧«Ë”∑”„Àâ‰ø‰À¡â∫â“π
‡æ◊ËÕπ Ê æ¬“¬“¡¥—∫‰ø·µà∫ÿâß°’ÎÀâ“¡
‰«â ∫â“π®÷߉À¡âÀ¡¥ ‡ªìπ —≠≈—°…≥å
«à“§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å∑—Èߪ«ß¢Õßæ«°‡¢“®∫
 ‘Èπ≈ß·≈â« ≈–§√ªî¥©“°≈ߥ⫬‡æ≈ß
°≈àÕ¡‡¥Á° ´÷Ëß √ÿª·°àπ¢Õ߇√◊ËÕ߉«â
„π‡™‘ßª√—™≠“

Õπ‘®®“¡πÿ…¬å‡Õ㬠¡‘‡§¬‡≈¬®– ÿ¢®√‘ß
°Õ¥‡°Á∫‡Õ“∑ÿ° ‘Ëß «π«ÿàπ«‘Ëß∫π°Õ߉ø
°‘‡≈ ·≈–µ—≥À“ ≈â«π‡Õ“¡“°Õ¥‡°Á∫‰«â
‰¡à¡„’ §√‡©≈’¬«„® §«“¡ ÿ¢‰´√â§◊Õ‰¡à¡’
‰¡à√Ÿâ‰¡à¡’‰¡à‡ªìπ ‡æ√“–‰¡à‡ÀÁπ®÷߇ªìπ‡™àππ’È
®ßµ√–À𗰄𧫓¡‰¡à¡’ Õ¬“° ÿ¢¢’¢Õ‡√“®ß...(™à“ß·¡àß)Û

·°àπ‡√◊ÕË ßÀ≈—°¢Õß «≥‘æ°√”æ÷ß  “‡Àµÿ¢Õß°‘‡≈  ∂Ⓡ√“‰¡àµ‘¥¢âÕßÕ¬Ÿà ‡®Á ∫ ª«¥ ∂â “ ®‘ µ ¢Õ߇√“ ß∫·≈â «

°Á§Õ◊ À—«„®¢Õßæÿ∑∏»“ π“ æ√–æÿ∑∏-
Õߧå∑√ß Õπ‡√◊ËÕß ‰µ√≈—°…≥å §◊ Õ
Õπ‘®®µ“ ∑ÿ°¢µ“ ·≈–Õπ—µµµ“
‚¥¬∑√ß¡ÿà ß „Àâ ¡ «≈¡πÿ … ¬å ∫ √√≈ÿ ∂÷ ß
π‘ææ“π À√◊Õ¿“«–∑’ˇªìπ ÿ¢ Ÿß ÿ¥
‡æ√“–‰√â°‘‡≈ ‰√â∑ÿ°¢å ‡ªìπÕ‘ √¿“æ
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√µ‘¥¢âÕ߇ªìπ
°—∫ ‘Ëß„¥ Ê ‡√“®–‰¡à∑ÿ°¢å∑√¡“π®“°
°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬ ‘Ëßπ—Èπ Ê Õ—µµ“ ∑”„Àâ
‡√“Õ¬“°‡ªìπ‚πàπ‡ªìππ’Ë ¡’‚πàπ¡’π’Ë
∂Ⓡ√“ “¡“√∂°”®—¥Õ—µµ“·≈â«∫√√≈ÿ
∂÷ßπ‘ææ“π‡√“°Á®–æ∫§«“¡ ÿ¢ ·≈–
§«“¡ ÿ ¢ ∑’Ë · ∑â ® √‘ ß °Á §◊ Õ §«“¡ ß∫
∑“ß„® ·¡â · µà ‡ ¡◊Ë Õ √à “ ß°“¬¡’ § «“¡
§«“¡‡®Á∫ª«¥π—Èπ°Á‰¡à¡’º≈µàÕ®‘µ„®
µ√ß°— π ¢â “ ¡ √à “ ß°“¬Õ“®∫√√‡∑“
®“°§«“¡‡®Á∫ª«¥π—Èπ°Á‰¥â ‚¥¬°“√
Ωñ ° ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡ ‰µ√ ‘°¢“ §◊Õ »’ ≈
 ¡“∏‘ ·≈–ªí ≠ ≠“ ‡√“Õ“®∫√√≈ÿ
∂÷ߧ«“¡ ß∫¿“¬„π‰¥â

Û
‡√◊ÕË ß‡¥’¬«°—π

¡“≈‘∑—µ æ√À¡∑—µµ‡«∑’
195
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

„πµÕπµâπ ∫ÿ≠∑‘È߇™◊ËÕ«à“°“√ ‰¡à«à“ «≥‘æ°√”æ÷ß ®–·µ°µà“ß ∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡

‰¥â‡ªìπ‡®â“¢Õß∫â“π À√◊Õ°“√§√Õ∫
§√Õß«—µ∂ÿ®–∑”„À⇢“¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢ ‡¡◊ËÕ
≈–§√¥”‡π‘π‰ª ‡√“®–‡ÀÁπ«à“§«“¡
‡™◊ËÕπ’ȉ¡à‡ªì𧫓¡®√‘ß ∑√—æ¬å ¡∫—µ‘
¢Õß∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß√—ß·µà®–𔧫“¡¬ÿà߬“°
·≈–§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å¡“ Ÿà‡¢“ ·µà‡¢“°Á‰¡à
 “¡“√∂µ—¥¢“¥®“°¡—π‰¥â ‡¡◊ËÕÀ“
§«“¡ ß∫„Àâµπ‡Õ߉¡à‰¥â ∫ÿ≠∑‘Èß®÷ß
‡ ’ ¬  µ‘ · ≈–‡≈◊ Õ °∑’Ë ® –‰ª„Àâ æâ π ®“°
‚≈°π’È
®“° Tortilla Flat ‡æ’¬ß„¥ ≈–§√‡√◊ËÕß
§≥–≈–§√¡√¥°„À¡à, ¡√¥°„À¡à, ¡ª∑.
π’È °Á ∂◊ Õ °”‡π‘ ¥ ¡“®“°π«π‘ ¬ “¬¢Õß Punyanubhab, Sujib. Some Prominent Cha-
 ‰µπå‡∫°‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß§«“¡π‘¬¡™¡™◊Ëπ racteristics of Buddhism. Bangkok:
„πµ—«π—°ª√–æ—π∏废âπ’È ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√ The Buddhist University Press, 1965.
Steinbeck, John. Tortilla Flat. New York:
¢Õß¡— π ‡Õß «≥‘ æ °√”æ÷ ß ª√– ∫
Penguin Books, 1986.
§«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π°“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥ “√Õ—π
‡ªì π  “°≈∑’Ë ºŸâ ª √–æ— π ∏å µâ Õ ß°“√ ◊Ë Õ
‰ª¬— ß ºŸâ § π∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà „ π∫â “ π‡¡◊ Õ ß·≈–
«—≤π∏√√¡∑’Ë·µ°µà“ßÕÕ°‰ª‰¥â‡ªìπ
Õ¬à“ߥ’.

Abstract Adapting John Steinbeck’s Tortilla Flat as a Thai Musical Play

Malithat Promathatavedi
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand

Chonprakhan Chanrueang, the producer and director of the experimental New Heritage
Drama Troupe which concentrates on the Thai heritage by contemplating the changes that take
place in Thai society in order to find a suitable format for drama, has turned John Steinbeck’s
novel Tortilla Flat into a Thai musical play called Waniphok Ramphueng (The Vagabonds’ Lament).
Most of the characters and the plot remain close to the original, with only the names, incidents and
surroundings adapted to suit the Thai audience. Danny, the protagonist, a jobless vagrant who
spends his time drinking with a couple of friends happens to inherit two houses from his uncle.
Since that time Danny’s life has changed from being irresponsible and living from day to day to
that of an owner of two houses and a changed status. Later on the houses burn down and, being
unable to cope with all the stresses, he commits suicide.
In the play, Chonprakhan uses Buddhist concepts to show that real happiness does not
come from owning properties which are external things. It comes from internal peace of mind.
As Danny or Bunthing in the Thai version still clings to desires and cravings, which are the
causes of suffering, he fails to attain internal peace and so destroys his own life.

Key words: John Steinbeck, New Heritage Drama Troupe, Chonprakhan Chanrueang, The Three
Signs of Being

°“√π”‡√◊ËÕß Tortilla Flat ¢Õß

John Steinbeck ¡“®—¥· ¥ß‡ªìπ≈–§√‡æ≈߉∑¬
196
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

»‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π§≈“  ‘°* ≥—™™“ ‚ §µ‘¬“πÿ√—°…å

¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
»‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ ”π—°¥πµ√’¡“µ—Èß·µàµâπ§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘  ”π—°¥πµ√’√— ‡´’¬
·≈– ”π—°¥πµ√’‡¬Õ√¡—π¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ À≈—ß®“°π—È𧫓¡‡ªìπµ—«µπ¢Õßπ—°‡ªï¬‚π·µà≈–§π‡√‘Ë¡¡’§«“¡
 ”§—≠¢÷Èπµ“¡≈”¥—∫ ®π„π∑’Ë ÿ¥≈—°…≥–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚πµ“¡«‘∂’∑“ßÕπÿ√—°…π‘¬¡¢Õß·µà≈– ”π—°¥πµ√’≈¥
§«“¡ ”§—≠≈ß „πªí®®ÿ∫—ππ—°‡ªï¬‚π∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß¡ÿàß √â“ßÕ—µ≈—°…≥å°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚πµ“¡≈’≈“‡©æ“–µπ¥â«¬«‘∏’
°“√‡©æ“–µ—« ´÷Ëߢ÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫∏√√¡™“µ‘ √ π‘¬¡ ∫ÿ§≈‘°¿“æ ·≈–®‘πµπ“°“√¢Õßµπ ‚¥¬Õ¬Ÿà∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß°“√
µ’§«“¡∫∑‡æ≈߇™‘ß«‘™“°“√¥πµ√’‡ªì𠔧—≠ „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’ ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π‡™àπ°—π ·µà‡ªìπ ”π—°
¢Õߧ√Ÿ‡ªï¬‚π·µà≈–§π´÷ßË ∂à“¬∑Õ¥«‘∏°’ “√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚πµ“¡≈’≈“∑’‡Ë À¡“– ¡„Àâ°∫— π—°‡√’¬π‡ªï¬‚π™“«‰∑¬√ÿπà µàÕ¡“

§” ”§—≠ : »‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π,  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π, ‡ªï¬‚π

‡ªï ¬ ‚π‡ªì 𠇧√◊Ë Õ ß¥πµ√’ ™ π‘ ¥ §≈“  ‘ ° ¥πµ√’ · ®ä   ·≈–¥πµ√’ æ—≤π“°“√¢Õ߇ªï¬‚π

Àπ÷Ëß ®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„πª√–‡¿∑§’¬å∫Õ√å¥ ¡’™◊ËÕ
‡µÁ¡«à“ ‡ªï¬‚πøÕ√凵 (pianoforte)
‡ªìπ¿“…“Õ‘µ“≈’ ·ª≈µ√ßµ—««à“ ‡∫“
¥—ß §”«à“ piano ·ª≈«à“ ‡∫“  à«π§”
«à“ forte ·ª≈«à“ ¥—ß „π°“√·∫àß°≈ÿà¡
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥πµ√’ µ “¡«‘ ∏’ ° “√¢Õߥπµ√’
«‘®—¬™“µ‘æ—π∏ÿå (ethnomusicology)
∂◊Õ«à“‡ªï¬‚π‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕߥπµ√’µ√–°Ÿ≈
‡§√◊ËÕß “¬ (chordophone) ‡æ√“–¡’
 “¬‡ªìπ·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥‡ ’¬ß
‡ªï¬‚π‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕߥπµ√’¡“µ√-
∞“π “°≈∑’Ë ¡’ ∫ ∑∫“∑Õ¬à “ ß Ÿ ß „π
«ß°“√¥πµ√’∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑ ∑—È ß ¥πµ√’
ª√–™“π‘ ¬ ¡ „π∫∑‡æ≈ߧ≈“  ‘ °
‡ªï¬‚π “¡“√∂‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕߥπµ√’‡¥’ˬ«
‡ªìπ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥πµ√’ª√–™—π°—∫«ß¥ÿ√¬‘ “ߧå
‡ªì 𠇧√◊Ë Õ ß¥πµ√’ ∫ √√‡≈ߪ√–°Õ∫
‡§√◊ËÕߥπµ√’‡¥’ˬ«™π‘¥Õ◊Ë𠇪ìπ‡§√◊ËÕß
¥πµ√’™‘ÈπÀπ÷Ëß„π«ß‡™¡‡∫Õ√å ·≈–„π
 ¡—¬»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú °ÁÕ“®‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß
¥πµ√’ ™‘È π Àπ÷Ë ß „π«ß¥ÿ √‘ ¬ “ߧå ∑’Ë ¡’ ∫ ∑
∫“∑·µ°µà“ßÕÕ°‰ª ‡™à𠇪ìπ‡§√◊ËÕß
¥πµ√’ ∑’Ë ¡’ ∫ ∑∫“∑‡ ¡◊ Õ π‡§√◊Ë Õ ßµ’
À√◊Õ‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕߥπµ√’∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√ª√—∫
°≈‰°¿“¬„π‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥â§ÿ≥¿“懠’¬ß
∑’Ë·µ°µà“ßÕÕ°‰ª
‡ªï ¬ ‚π¡’ æ— ≤ π“°“√¡“®“°
Œ“√媴‘§Õ√å¥ (harpsichord) ´÷ßË  √â“ß
¢÷Èπµ—Èß·µà§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Òˆ-Ò˜
µâ π °”‡π‘ ¥ ¢Õ߇ªï ¬ ‚π‡√‘Ë ¡ ‡¡◊Ë Õ ª√–-
¡“≥ §.». Ò˜Ò ‚¥¬∫“√債‚≈‡¡‚Õ
§√‘ ‚µ‚ø√’ (Bartolomeo Cristofori,
§.». Òˆıı-Ò˜ÛÒ) ∑’ˇ¡◊Õßø≈Õ-
‡√π´å ª√–‡∑»Õ‘ µ “≈’ §√‘   ‚µ‚ø√’
∑¥≈Õß √â “ ߌ“√å ª ´‘ § Õ√å ¥ ∑’Ë ‡ ≈à 𠉥â
Õ“√¡≥å ¡ “°¢÷È π ‚¥¬„™â §â Õ πµ’   “¬
‡ªìπ°≈‰°¿“¬„π ·∑π∑’Ë®–„™â°≈‰°
¥÷ß “¬µ“¡·∫∫Œ“√媴‘§Õ√奥—È߇¥‘¡
‡ªï ¬ ‚π„π¬ÿ § ·√°π—È π ‡¡◊Ë Õ §â Õ πµ’   “¬

* ∫√√¬“¬„π∑’˪√–™ÿ¡ ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë Òˆ 惻®‘°“¬π æ.». ÚıÙ˘

≥—™™“ ‚ §µ‘¬“πÿ√—°…å
197
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
·≈â« §âÕπ®–¥’¥°≈—∫ ·µà¥¥’ °≈—∫‰¡à‡√Á«
æÕ ∑”„À≡ࠓ¡“√∂‡≈àπ‚πâµ´È”∑—π
∑’‰¥âÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« µàÕ¡“§√‘ ‚µ‚ø√’
‰¥â·°â‰¢ªí≠À“π’È ·µà‡ ’¬ß‡ªï¬‚π°Á¬—ß
§ß§≈⓬‡ ’¬ß¢Õߌ“√媴‘§Õ√å¥ ‡æ√“–
√Ÿª≈—°…≥凧√◊ËÕߥπµ√’·≈–°“√ÕÕ°
·∫∫ “¬‡ ’ ¬ ߬— ß ‡≈’ ¬ π·∫∫Œ“√å ª -
´‘§Õ√å¥ °“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«¢ÕߧâÕππ—∫
‡ªìπ°≈‰°¿“¬„π∑’Ë ”§—≠·≈–‰¥â√—∫
°“√æ—≤π“®π¡“‡ªìπ‡ªï¬‚π„πªí®®ÿ∫π—
µ—Èß·µà §.». Ò˜ÛÚ ‡√‘Ë¡¡’°“√
·µà߇æ≈ß ”À√—∫‡ªï¬‚π‚¥¬‡©æ“–
´÷Ë߇ªìπ®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ∑’ˇªï¬‚π°≈“¬‡ªìπ
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥πµ√’ ‡ ¥’Ë ¬ «„π§Õπ‡ ‘ √å µ ·≈–
‡ªì 𠇧√◊Ë Õ ß¥πµ√’ ™‘È π Àπ÷Ë ß ¢Õß°“√
∫√√‡≈ß√«¡«ß ‚¬Œ—ππå ‡´∫“ ‡µ’¬π
∫“§ (Johann Sebastian Bach,
§.». Òˆ¯ı-Ò˜ı) ‰¥â‡≈àπ‡ªï¬‚π
∑’Ë √â“ß‚¥¬ °Õ∑ø√’¥ ´‘≈‡∫Õ√å¡—ππå
(Gottfried Silbermann, §.». Òˆ¯Û-
Ò˜ıÛ) ‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°„π√“« §.».
Ò˜Ûˆ ·µà‰¡àª√–∑—∫„®‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’
ªí≠À“„π°“√°¥§’¬å µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ËÕ´‘≈-
‡∫Õ√å ¡— π πå · °â ‰ ¢°≈‰°„Àâ ¥’ ¢÷È π µ“¡
§”·π–π”¢Õß∫“§ ·≈–„Àâ∫“§≈Õß
‡≈àπÕ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß„π §.». Ò˜Ù˜ ´÷Ëß
‡ªìπ™à«ß Û ªï°àÕπ∑’Ë∫“§®–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ
§√—Èßπ’È∫“§æÕ„®¡“°
‡ªï ¬ ‚π‰¥â ‡ ªì 𠇧√◊Ë Õ ß¥πµ√’
 ”À√—∫‡¥’ˬ«‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°„πª√–‡∑»
Õ—ß°ƒ…‡¡◊ËÕ §.». Ò˜ˆ¯ ‚¥¬‚¬Œ—ππå
§√‘ ‡µ’¬π ∫“§ (Johann Christian
Bach, §.». Ò˜Ûı-Ò˜¯Ú) µàÕ
¡“ «Õ≈åø°—ß Õ–¡“‡¥Õÿ  ‚¡´“√å∑
(Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, §.».
Ò˜ıˆ-Ò˜˘Ò) °≈à“«™◊Ëπ™¡‡ªï¬‚π
∑’Ë √â“ß‚¥¬ ‚¬Œ—ππå  ‰µπå (Johann
Stein, §.». Ò˜Ú¯-Ò˜˘Ú) ¥— ß
À≈—°∞“πª√“°Ø„π®¥À¡“¬∑’ˇ¢’¬π
∂÷ß∫‘¥“‡¡◊ËÕ §.». Ò˜˜˜
„π§√‘   µå » µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò¯ ºŸâ
ª√–¥‘ … ∞å ‡ ªï ¬ ‚π§π ”§— ≠ πÕ°®“°
´‘≈‡∫Õ√å¡—ππå·≈– ‰µπå ´÷Ë߇ªìπ™“«
‡¬Õ√¡—π·≈â« ¬—ß¡’ ®ÕÀåπ ∫√Õ¥«Ÿ¥
(John Broadwood, §.». Ò˜ÛÚ-
Ò¯ÒÚ) ™“«Õ—ß°ƒ… µàÕ¡“„π§√‘ µå
»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘ ∫√Õ¥«Ÿ ¥ æ— ≤ π“
‡ªï¬‚π„Àâ¡’™à«ß‡ ’¬ß°«â“ß∂÷ß ˆ ™à«ß
§Ÿà·ª¥ „π §.». Ò¯Ò˜ ‚¥¬¡’ ≈ÿ¥«‘°
ø“π ‡∫‚∑‡øπ (Ludwig van Bee-
thoven, §.». Ò˜˜-Ò¯Ú˜) ‡ªìπ
ºŸâ∫√√‡≈ß “∏‘µ §ÿ≥ ¿“懠’ ¬ß¢Õß
‡ªï¬‚π°—ß«“π¢÷Èπ ª√–°Õ∫°—∫°≈‰° æ—≤π“Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß ‡ ’¬ß‰æ‡√“–¢÷Èπ
¿“¬„π¢Õߧâ Õ πµ’   “¬‰¥â √— ∫ °“√ ·≈–¥—ß°—ß«“π¢÷Èπ ‡ªï¬‚π°Á°≈“¬‡ªìπ
ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß ®π “¡“√∂‡≈à π ‚πâ µ ´È” ‰¥â ‡§√◊ËÕߥπµ√’∑’ˉ¥â√—∫§«“¡π‘¬¡¡“°
Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ‡∫‚∑‡øπ‰¥â™◊ËÕ«à“‡ªìπ ¢÷Èπµ“¡≈”¥—∫„π°“√· ¥ß§Õπ‡ ‘√åµ
∫ÿ§§≈ ”§—≠∑’™Ë «à ¬º≈—°¥—π°“√æ—≤π“ ¡’ºŸâº≈‘µ‡ªï¬‚π¬’ËÀâÕµà“ß Ê „πÀ≈“¬
§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õ߇ªï¬‚π®π‰¥â¡“µ√∞“π ª√–‡∑» ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π¬ÿ‚√ª ‡ªï¬‚π
À≈—ß §.». Ò˜ı æ—≤π“°“√ ‰¥â‡¢â“¡“·∑π∑’ËŒ“√媴‘§Õ√奄π°“√
¢Õß·°√π¥å ‡ ªï ¬ ‚π¡’ Ú ·π«∑“ß · ¥ß∫π‡«∑’ ·¡â·µà∫∑‡æ≈ß∑’ˇ¢’¬π
§◊Õ ·π«∑“ߢÕ߇¬Õ√¡—π°—∫·π«∑“ß  ”À√—∫Œ“√媴‘§Õ√奰Áπ‘¬¡„™â‡ªï¬‚π
¢ÕßÕ— ß °ƒ… °“√ — ¡ º—   π‘È « ∫π§’ ¬å ·∑π µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ Œ“‚√≈¥å ·´¡Ÿ‡Õ≈
‡ªï¬‚π·∫∫Õ—ß°ƒ…®–Àπ—°°«à“¢Õß (Harold Samuel, §.». Ò¯˜˘-
‡¬Õ√¡— π ´÷Ë ß „™â · Õ§™— π ·∫∫‡«’ ¬ ππ“ Ò˘Û˜) π—°‡ªï¬‚π™“«Õ—ß°ƒ…´÷Ëß
(Viennese action) ø√“π´å ‚¬‡´ø ‰¥â ™◊Ë Õ «à “ ‡ªì π ºŸâ ‡ ™’Ë ¬ «™“≠∫∑‡æ≈ß
‰Œ‡¥‘π (Franz Joseph Haydn, §.». ¢Õß∫“§ ¬—ß„™â·°√π¥å‡ªï¬‚π· ¥ß
Ò˜ÛÚ-Ò¯˘) ‚¡´“√å∑·≈–‡∫‚∑- º≈ß“π¢Õß∫“§´÷Ë ß ‡¢’ ¬ π‰«â  ”À√— ∫
‡øπ „™â‡ªï¬‚π∑’Ë √â“ßµ“¡·π«∑“ß Œ“√媴‘§Õ√å¥ ·≈–π—°‡ªï¬‚πºŸâπ’È°Á‰¡à
¢Õ߇¬Õ√¡—π∫√√‡≈ß·≈–·µà߇æ≈ß ‡§¬„™â Œ “√å ª ´‘ § Õ√å ¥ ∫√√‡≈ߺ≈ß“π
‡¡◊Ë Õ ·°√π¥å ‡ ªï ¬ ‚π‰¥â √— ∫ °“√ ¢Õß∫“§‡≈¬
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
»‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π§≈“  ‘°
198

‡ªï¬‚π„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’™à«ß‡ ’¬ß ˜
™à«ß§Ÿ·à ª¥ ‚¥¬¡’‚πâµ A ‡ªìπ‚πâµ Ÿß ÿ¥
À√◊ÕÕ“®¡’™à«ß‡ ’¬ß°«â“ß°«à“π—Èπ‡ªìπ
˜ ™à«ß§Ÿà·ª¥°—∫Õ’°§Ÿà Û ∑”„Àâ‚πâµ
 Ÿß ÿ¥‡ªìπ‚πâµ C ‡ªï¬‚π„πªí®®ÿ∫—π
¡’ Ú √Ÿª·∫∫¥—ßπ’È
Ò. ‡ªï ¬ ‚π·∫∫µ—È ß (upright
piano) ‡ªìπ‡ªï¬‚π∑’Ë “¬≈«¥¢÷ß„π
·π«µ—Èß ·ºàπÀ≈—ߢÕ߇ªï¬‚π«“ßæ‘ß
·π∫°—∫ºπ—߉¥â ¡’∑√߇µ’Ȭ°—∫∑√ß Ÿß
Ú. ·°√π¥å ‡ ªï ¬ ‚π (grand
piano) ‡ªìπ‡ªï¬‚π¢π“¥„À≠à √Ÿª√à“ß
§≈⓬ªï°π° ¡’ Û ¢“ „™â· ¥ß∫π‡«∑’
 “¬≈«¥¢÷ß„π·π«πÕπ¢π“π‰ª°—∫
æ◊È π ‡ªì π √Ÿ ª ·∫∫‡ªï ¬ ‚π¡“µ√∞“π
 ”À√—∫π—°‡ªï¬‚πÕ“™’æ·≈– ”À√—∫
°“√ÕÕ°· ¥ß ¡’À≈“¬¢π“¥µ—Èß·µà
ı-ÒÒ øÿµ
„π §.». Ò˘¯ˆ ∫√‘…—∑¬“¡“Œ“
·Ààߪ√–‡∑»≠’˪ÿÉπ‰¥â§‘¥°≈‰°‰øøÑ“
 ”À√— ∫ µ‘ ¥ µ—È ß ‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ ‡ªì π æ‘ ‡ »…
¿“¬„π‡ªï ¬ ‚π·∫∫µ—È ß ·≈–·°√π¥å
‡ªï ¬ ‚π ‚¥¬‰¡à ° √–∑∫°√–‡∑◊ Õ π
°≈‰°¿“¬„π∑’Ë ¡’ Õ ¬Ÿà ‡ ¥‘ ¡ ¢Õ߇ªï ¬ ‚π
‡√’¬°«à“ ¥‘ °å§≈“‡«’¬√å (disclavier)
°≈‰°¥—ß°≈à“«¡’≈—°…≥–°“√∑”ß“π
·∫∫§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ´÷Ë߇Õ◊ÈÕª√–‚¬™πå
µà Õ ß“π √â “ ß √√§å ¥â “ π¥πµ√’ ‡™à π
°“√·µà߇æ≈ß  “¡“√∂∫—π∑÷°‡æ≈ß
∑’Ë·µàß≈ß·ºà𥑠°å ·≈â«∑”°“√ª√—∫
·µà߇ ’¬ßª√– “π √«¡∑—ßÈ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥
Õ◊Ë π Ê µ“¡µâÕß°“√ πÕ°®“°π’È „π
°“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ‡ªï¬‚π¬—ß “¡“√∂
∫—π∑÷°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π≈ß·ºà𥑠°å
‚¥¬∫— π ∑÷ ° ∑—È ß ‡ ’ ¬ ß·≈–∫— π ∑÷ ° §’ ¬å ∑’Ë
≥—™™“ ‚ §µ‘¬“πÿ√—°…å
π‘È « °¥≈߉ªµ“¡∑’Ë ∫ √√‡≈߉«â ∑ÿ °
ª√–°“√ √«¡∂÷ß∫—π∑÷°‡æ‡¥‘≈‰«â¥â«¬
·≈⫇ªî¥·ºà𥑠°å‡æ◊ËÕøí߇ ’¬ßª√–-
Àπ÷Ëß¡’ºŸâ∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π„Àâøíß π—°‡√’¬π
®–‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ ° “√·°â ‰ ¢«‘ ∏’ ° “√∫√√‡≈ß
‡ªï¬‚π¢ÕßµπÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ ‡ ’ ¬ ßÀ≈“¬§π
∫—π∑÷°‡ ’¬ß¥â«¬«‘∏’π’È ∑”„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π
‡ªï ¬ ‚π “¡“√∂π”·ºà 𠥑   °å ‰ ª‡ªî ¥
„π‡ªï¬‚π ‡æ◊ËÕ —߇°µ§«“¡≈÷°¢Õߧ’¬å
∑’Ë π‘È « °¥≈߉ª√«¡∂÷ ß °“√„™â ‡ 懥‘ ≈
°≈‰°π’‡È ªìπ∑’πË ¬‘ ¡¡“°„π«ß°“√¥πµ√’
§≈“  ‘°‡æ√“–‰¡à∑”„Àâ§ÿ≥¿“懠’¬ß
∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õ߇ªï¬‚π∂Ÿ°ª√—∫‰ª‡ªìπ
‡ ’¬ß·∫∫¥πµ√’‰øøÑ“
»‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
»‘ ≈ ª–ª√–‡¿∑¥ÿ √‘ ¬ “ߧ»‘ ≈ ªá
¡’≈—°…≥–°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫
π“Ø»‘≈ªá·≈–»‘≈ª–°“√· ¥ß „π°“√
· ¥ß ¥µàÕÀπ⓺Ÿâ™¡∫π‡«∑’ ºŸâ· ¥ß
‰¡à¡’‚Õ°“ ·°âµ—«‡¡◊ËÕ· ¥ßº‘¥æ≈“¥
©–π—È π °“√‡µ√’ ¬ ¡°“√≈à « ßÀπâ “ ¥â « ¬
°“√Ωñ°´âÕ¡¡“‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ª√–°Õ∫
°—∫°“√§‘¥≈à«ßÀπâ“„π¢≥–· ¥ß¥â«¬
 ¡“∏‘ Õ— π ·πà « ·πà ®÷ ß ‡ªì π §ÿ ≥  ¡∫— µ‘
 ”§— ≠ ¢ÕߺŸâ ª Ø‘ ∫— µ‘ »‘ ≈ ª–„π·¢πß
¥—ß°≈à“«
„π°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚πµâÕßÕ“»—¬
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢π—È  Ÿß ÿ¥¢Õß à«πµà“ß Ê
¢Õß√à“ß°“¬  √’√– à«π„¥ à«πÀπ÷Ëß
¢Õßπ—°‡ªï¬‚πµâÕß¡’§«“¡æ√âÕ¡„π
µ— « ‡Õß ·≈–„π¢≥–‡¥’ ¬ «°— π °Á µâ Õ ß
 “¡“√∂„™â √à « ¡°— ∫  à « πÕ◊Ë π ¢Õß√à “ ß
°“¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß„À≥⇵Á¡√âÕ¬ µâÕß„™â
199
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
 ¡“∏‘ Ÿß„π°“√∫√√‡≈ß ‡æ◊ËÕ·¬°·¬–
§«“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å ¢ Õß √’ √ –‰¥â ∑ÿ °  à « π
µâ Õ ß„™â § «“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å ¢ Õßπ‘È « ∑—È ß  ‘ ∫
¡◊Õ∑—Èß Õß ·≈–‡∑â“∑—Èß Õß √«¡∑—Èß
·¢π·≈–≈”µ— « ºπ«°°— ∫ §«“¡§‘ ¥
·≈–Õ“√¡≥å∑’Ë¡—Ëπ§ß„π°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°
Õ¬à“ß¡’»‘≈ª– µâÕߧ«∫§ÿ¡∑—Èß√à“ß°“¬
·≈–Õ“√¡≥å ‰ ¥â · ¡à 𠬔¢≥–· ¥ß
∫π‡«∑’ ‡æ◊ËÕ ◊ËÕ “√‡ ’¬ß‡æ≈ß∑’Ëπ—°
‡ªï¬‚πæ÷ߪ√– ß§å‰ª¬—ߺŸâ™¡
 à«π¢Õß √’√–∑’Ë„™â„π°“√∫√√-
‡≈߇ªï¬‚π §◊Õ
Ò. π‘È«¡◊Õ π‘È«¡◊Õ∑—Èß ‘∫∑’Ë∏√√¡-
™“µ‘„Àâ¡“‰¡à‡Õ◊ÈÕµàÕ°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬-
‚π‡∑à“„¥π—° ‡π◊ËÕß®“°π‘È«À—«·¡à¡◊Õ
´÷Ë߇ªìππ‘È«∑’Ë·¢Áß·√ß∑’Ë ÿ¥Õ¬Ÿà¥â“π„π
·µàπ‘È«π“ß·≈–π‘È«°âÕ¬´÷Ë߇ªìππ‘È«ÕàÕπ
·Õ°≈—∫Õ¬Ÿà¥â“ππÕ° „π∫∑‡æ≈߇ªï¬-
‚π´÷Ëß‚¥¬ª√°µ‘ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬À≈“¬
·π« ·π« ”§— ≠ §◊ Õ ·π«∫π ÿ ¥ °— ∫
·π«≈à “ ß ÿ ¥ ·π«∫π ÿ ¥ ‡ªì π ·π«
∑”πÕß´÷Ë ß ¡— ° „™â π‘È « π“ß°— ∫ π‘È « °â Õ ¬
¢Õß¡◊Õ¢«“  à«π·π«≈à“ß ÿ¥‡ªìπ·π«
‡∫ ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ·π« ”§— ≠ „π°“√ √â “ ß
‡ ’¬ßª√– “π ·π«‡∫ π’È à«π„À≠à
µ°Õ¬Ÿ∑à π’Ë «‘È π“ß°—∫π‘«È °âÕ¬¢Õß¡◊մ⓬
 ”À√— ∫ ·π«„π´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ‡æ’ ¬ ß·π«
ª√– “𠧫√‡≈à π „Àâ ‡  ’ ¬ ߇∫“°«à “
·π«πÕ° ·µà°≈—∫‡ªìπ·π«∑’Ë„™âπ‘È«
·¢Áß·√߇≈àπ Õ—π‰¥â·°à π‘È«À—«·¡à¡◊Õ
π‘È«™’È ·≈–π‘È«°≈“ß ©–π—Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥„π°“√ √â“߇ ’¬ß
¢Õß·π«‡æ≈ß„À⇰‘¥§«“¡·µ°µà“ß
Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß π—°‡ªï¬‚𮔇ªìπµâÕß
Ωñ ° π‘È « π“ß·≈–π‘È « °â Õ ¬„Àâ · ¢Á ß ·√ß
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
‰¡à¥âÕ¬°«à“π‘È«Õ◊Ëπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–π‘È«°âÕ¬
¢Õß¡◊մ⓬ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑ÿ°π‘È«·¢Áß·√ß·≈â«
π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π¬— ß µâ Õ ßΩñ ° „Àâ · µà ≈ –π‘È « ¡’
§«“¡‡ªì π Õ‘   √–®“°°— π ‚¥¬ ‘È π ‡™‘ ß
°“√„™âπ‘È« —¡º— §’¬å‡ªï¬‚π‡ªìπ»‘≈ª–
∑’ˇ√’¬π√Ÿâ°—πÕ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ‡™àπ √Ÿª
·∫∫·≈–°≈«‘∏’°“√ —¡º— §’¬å πÈ”Àπ—°
π‘È«„π°“√ —¡º— §’¬å °“√∂à“¬πÈ”Àπ—°
π‘È« °“√‡µ√’¬¡π‘È« °“√°–πÈ”Àπ—°π‘È«
°“√«“ßπ‘È« °“√ºàÕππÈ”Àπ—°π‘È« ·≈–
°“√‡≈◊Õ°„™âπ‘È«∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π·µà≈–
™à«ß¢Õß∫∑‡æ≈ß
Ú. ¢â Õ ¡◊ Õ ¢â Õ ¡◊ Õ ‡ªì π  à « π
 ”§— ≠ „π°“√™à « ¬‡æ‘Ë ¡ ·≈–ºà Õ ππÈ”
Àπ—° ∑”„À⇠’¬ß¥—ß·≈–‡ ’¬ß‡∫“µ“¡
µâ Õ ß°“√  “¡“√∂‡ √‘ ¡ πÈ” Àπ— ° „Àâ
°—∫π‘È«π“ß·≈–π‘È«°âÕ¬„π°“√‡πâπ„Àâ
∑”πÕßÀ≈— ° ‰¥â ¬‘ π ™— ¥ ‡®π¢÷È π °“√
¢¬—∫¢âÕ¡◊Õ®– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√∂à“¬
πÈ”Àπ—°¢Õßπ‘È«¡◊Õ®“°π‘È«Àπ÷Ë߉ª¬—ß
Õ’ ° π‘È « Àπ÷Ë ß ·µà ‰ ¡à π‘ ¬ ¡¢¬à ¡ ¢â Õ ¡◊ Õ
„π¢≥–∑’Ë°¥·µà≈–π‘È« ´÷Ëß¡—°‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
°— ∫ π— ° ‡√’ ¬ π‡ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë π‘È « ¡◊ Õ ¬— ß ‰¡à ¡’
æ≈— ß ®÷ ß „™â ° “√¢¬à ¡ ¢â Õ ¡◊ Õ ™à « ¬„Àâ π‘È «
 “¡“√∂°¥§’ ¬å ‰ ¥â Õ¬à “ ߉√°Á µ “¡
«‘ ∏’ ° “√∫√√‡≈߇ªï ¬ ‚π·∫∫Õπÿ √— ° …å
·µà‡¥‘¡π—Èπ®–‰¡à¢¬—∫¢âÕ¡◊Õ‡≈¬ ®π
°√–∑—Ëߪ≈“¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘ ®÷ß
‰¥â¡’°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª«‘∏’°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß ¥â«¬°“√§”π÷ß∂÷ß°“√
¢¬—∫¡◊Õ·≈–¢âÕ¡◊ÕÕ¬à“߇ªìπ∏√√¡™“µ‘
‡æ◊Ë Õ ∑”„Àâ ‡  ’ ¬ ß∑’Ë Õ Õ°¡“¡’ πÈ” Àπ— °
µ“¡µâ Õ ß°“√‚¥¬ ≈— ∫ °— ∫ °“√ºà Õ π
§≈“¬°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ
Û. ·¢π ‡¡◊ËÕ„™â·¢πª√–°Õ∫
°—∫¡◊Õ®–™à«¬„Àâ°“√‡≈àπ‡ªï¬‚πßà“¬¢÷πÈ
·¢π‡ªìπ à«π ”§—≠∑’Ë∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂
 √â “ ߪ√–‚¬§‡æ≈߉¥â ¥’ ·≈–™à « ¬
 √â“߇ ’¬ß„Àâ‰æ‡√“– °“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«
¢Õß·¢π ‡™àπ °“√À¡ÿπ·¢π™à«¬„Àâ
π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π¡’ ∫ÿ § ≈‘ ° ‡ªì π ∏√√¡™“µ‘ „ π
¢≥–∫√√‡≈߇ªï ¬ ‚π °“√√Ÿâ ®— ° ºà Õ π
§≈“¬°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ¢Õß·¢π·≈–À—«‰À≈à
‡ªìπ®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¢Õß°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
∑’Ë ¥’ µ “¡À≈— ° °“√¢Õß ¡— ¬ §√‘   µå
»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú °“√¬°·¢π Ÿß·≈â«
∑‘È ß ¡◊ Õ ≈ß¡“∑’Ë §’ ¬å ∫ Õ√å ¥ ‡ªì π ‡∑§π‘ §
∑’Ëπ—°‡ªï¬‚π∫“ߧπ„™â‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ߧ«“¡
ª√–∑—∫„®„π°“√· ¥ß Õ’°∑—È߬—ß √â“ß
‡ ’ ¬ ß∑’Ë ¡’ æ ≈— ß ·µà µâ Õ ßª√–°Õ∫°— ∫
§«“¡·¡àπ¬”¥â«¬
Ù. ‡∑â “ ‡∑â“„™â„π°“√‡À¬’¬∫
‡æ‡¥‘ ≈ ´÷Ë ß ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬‡æ‡¥‘ ≈ ∑’Ë
 ”§—≠§◊Õ ‡æ‡¥‘≈°—ß«“π °—∫‡æ‡¥‘≈‡∫“
‡æ‡¥‘≈°—ß«“π„™â‡∑â“¢«“‡À¬’¬∫‡¡◊ËÕ
µâÕß°“√„À⇠’¬ß°—ß«“π¡“°À√◊ÕπâÕ¬
∑”„Àâ §’ ¬å ∑’Ë π‘È « ¬°ÕÕ°·≈â « ¬— ß §ß¥— ß
°—ß«“πµàÕ‰ªÕ’°  à«π‡æ‡¥‘≈‡∫“„™â
‡∑â “ ´â “ ¬‡À¬’ ¬ ∫‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ‡  ’ ¬ ߇∫“
‡∑§π‘ § °“√„™â ‡ 懥‘ ≈ ‡ªì π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß
≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥Õà Õ π∑’Ë π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π·µà ≈ –§π
µâ Õ ß„™â «‘ ® “√≥≠“≥À“«‘ ∏’ ° “√·≈–
Ωñ°Ωπ‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥⇠’¬ß∑’˵âÕß°“√ °“√
„™â ‡ 懥‘ ≈ µâ Õ ß‡≈◊ Õ °„™â „ Àâ ∂Ÿ ° ®–„™â
‡æ‡¥‘≈°—ß«“πÀ√◊Շ懥‘≈‡∫“ À√◊Õ®–
„™â‰ªæ√âÕ¡ Ê °—π ·≈–®–‡≈‘°„™â∑’Ë
µ”·Àπà ß „¥¢Õß∫∑‡æ≈ß µâ Õ ßøí ß
‡ ’ ¬ ß«à “ §«√‡À¬’ ¬ ∫‡æ‡¥‘ ≈ ≈÷ ° ≈߉ª
¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß„¥ „π°“√¬°‡∑â“ÕÕ°
®“°‡æ‡¥‘≈°Á‡™àπ°—𠧫√¬°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
200
À√◊ Õ ‰¡à · ≈–¬°∑’Ë ®ÿ ¥ „¥¢Õß∫∑‡æ≈ß
∑—ßÈ π’∑È ß—È π—πÈ °Á‡æ◊ÕË „À≥⇠’¬ßÕ—π‰æ‡√“–
µ“¡∑’Ëπ—°‡ªï¬‚πµâÕß°“√
ı. ≈”µ— « ≈”µ—«®–¢¬—∫‰ª¡“
µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ Õ ¬Ÿà · ≈â « „π¢≥–∑’Ë
∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π π—°‡ªï¬‚π·µà≈–§π
®–„™â ≈”µ— « ‰¡à ‡ À¡◊ Õ π°— π Õ— π ‡π◊Ë Õ ß
¡“®“° √’ √ –∑’Ë ∏ √√¡™“µ‘ „ Àâ ¡ “·≈–
√ π‘¬¡∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß π—°‡ªï¬‚π∫“ߧπ
„™â≈”µ—«‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß°“√· ¥ß
ÕÕ°∫π‡«∑’ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ∑”„Àâ ° “√· ¥ßµà Õ
Àπâ“ “∏“√≥™ππà“ π„® π—°‡ªï¬‚π
Õ“®„™â ≈”µ— « ™à « ¬‡√◊Ë Õ ßπÈ” Àπ— ° ‡ ’ ¬ ß
·µàπ—°‡ªï¬‚π∫“ߧπ°ÁÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߰“√
¢¬— ∫ ≈”µ— « ‡æ◊Ë Õ ‰¡à „ Àâ √ ∫°«π°“√
‡§≈◊Ë Õ π‰À«¢Õß√à “ ß°“¬ à « πÕ◊Ë π „π
¢≥–∑’Ë°”≈—ß∫—ߧ—∫‡ ’¬ß
§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õ߇ªï¬‚π
‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°‡ªï ¬ ‚π¡’ æ— ≤ π“°“√
µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß¡“µ—Èß·µàµâπ§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë
Ò¯ „π ¡—¬∫“‚√° (Baroque Period,
ª√–¡“≥ §.». Òˆ-Ò˜ı) µÕπ
ª≈“¬ ®π‡ªì π ‡ªï ¬ ‚π„π√Ÿ ª ‚©¡∑’Ë
 ¡∫Ÿ√≥å·∫∫„π§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘
„π ¡—¬‚√·¡πµ‘° (Romantic Period,
ª√–¡“≥ §.». Ò¯Û-Ò˘) ¥â«¬
¢â Õ ®”°— ¥ ¢Õߧÿ ≥ ¿“æ‡ªï ¬ ‚ππ’È ‡ Õß
„π°“√·µà߇æ≈ß ”À√—∫‡ªï¬‚πÀ√◊Õ
‡§√◊ËÕߥπµ√’ª√–‡¿∑§’¬å∫Õ√å¥∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà
„π ¡— ¬ π—È π π— ° ·µà ß ‡æ≈ß®–·µà ß
∫∑‡æ≈ß ”À√— ∫ ∫√√‡≈ߥ⠫ ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ß
¥πµ√’∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà ‚¥¬¡‘‰¥â§‘¥≈à«ßÀπâ“
‰ª«à“‡§√◊ËÕߥπµ√’®–æ—≤𓉪∂÷ß®ÿ¥
„¥ ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È®÷߇°‘¥·π«§«“¡§‘¥
»‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π§≈“  ‘°

„π‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õß«‘ ∏’ ° “√∫√√‡≈߇ªï ¬ ‚π
∫∑‡æ≈ß ”À√— ∫ §’ ¬å ∫ Õ√å ¥ ∑’Ë · µà ß „π
 ¡—¬∫“‚√°·≈– ¡—¬§≈“  ‘° (Clas-
sical Period, ª√–¡“≥ §.». Ò˜ı-
Ò¯Û) ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ™à « ß∑’Ë ‡ ªï ¬ ‚πÕ¬Ÿà
√–À«à “ ß°“√æ— ≤ 𓠷𫧫“¡§‘ ¥
¢Õß°≈ÿà¡Õπÿ√—°…π‘¬¡‡πâπ°“√∫√√-
‡≈߇ªï¬‚π„À≥⇠’¬ß·≈–≈’≈“‡≈’¬π
·∫∫‡§√◊ËÕߥπµ√’„π ¡—¬π—Èπ À√◊Õ„™â
‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥πµ√’ ¢ Õß ¡— ¬ π—È π ∫√√‡≈ß
∫∑‡æ≈ߧ’¬å∫Õ√å¥ ‡™àπ „™âŒ“√åª-
´‘§Õ√å¥∫√√‡≈ß∫∑‡æ≈ߢÕß∫“§ „™â
øÕ√å ‡ µ‡ªï ¬ ‚π∫√√‡≈ß∫∑‡æ≈ߢÕß
‚¡´“√å∑ ·≈–ø√“π´å ªï‡µÕ√å ™Ÿ‡∫‘√åµ
(Franz Peter Schubert, §.».
Ò˜˘˜-Ò¯Ú¯)  à«π·π«§«“¡§‘¥
¢ÕßÕ’°°≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ëß®–§”π÷ß∂÷ߢÕ∫‡¢µ
§«“¡°â“«Àπâ“¢Õ߇ªï¬‚π„πªí®®ÿ∫—π
∑’Ë   “¡“√∂ √â “ ߇ ’ ¬ ߢÕß∫∑‡æ≈ß
´÷Ë ß ·µà ß ¢÷È π „π ¡— ¬ π—È π „Àâ ‰ æ‡√“–¬‘Ë ß
°«à“‡¥‘¡ ‚¥¬Õ“®§“¥°“√≥å«à“À“°
π— ° ·µà ß ‡æ≈ߺŸâ π—È π ¡’ ™’ «‘ µ Õ¬Ÿà ® π‰¥â
‡ÀÁ π §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ¢Õ߇ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë   ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å
·∫∫°Á πà “ ®–Õ¬“°‰¥â ¬‘ π ‡ ’ ¬ ß∑’Ë ‰ ¡à
‡À¡◊Õπ‡¥‘¡ °“√π”‡√◊ËÕߧÿ≥¿“æ·≈–
ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ∑’Ë · ∑â ® √‘ ß ¢Õ߇ªï ¬ ‚π
„π¬ÿ§π—Èπ¡“‡ªìπªí®®—¬ ”§—≠„π°“√
 √â“ß≈’≈“°“√∫√√‡≈ßµ“¡·π«∑“ß∑’Ë
‡À¡“– ¡π—Èπ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë∂°‡∂’¬ß°—π
‰¡à®∫ ‘Èπ π—°‡ªï¬‚π√ÿàπ„À¡à¡Õ߇ÀÁπ
·π«∑“߉¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—π ·≈–‰¡à∂◊Õ«à“
º‘ ¥ À“°≈’ ≈ “°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï ¬ ‚π¢Õß
§πÕ◊Ëπ„π‡æ≈߇¥’¬«°—ππ—Èπ‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ
·π«∑“ߢÕßµπ ·µà°≈—∫¡Õß«à“‡ªìπ
绑≈ª–é ¢Õß°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚πÕ¬à“ß
·∑â®√‘ß
≥—™™“ ‚ §µ‘¬“πÿ√—°…å
 ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
°àÕπ§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘ „π
¬ÿ‚√ª‰¥â¡’°“√·∫àß ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈ß
‡ªï¬‚π (School of Piano Playing)
ÕÕ°‡ªìπ  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
·∫∫√— ‡´’¬  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
·∫∫‡¬Õ√¡—π ·≈– ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈ß
‡ªï¬‚π·∫∫Ω√—Ë߇»  ·µà≈– ”π—°®–
 √â“ß≈—°…≥–摇»…„π°“√„™â‡∑§π‘§
π‘È« ¡◊Õ ·≈–·¢π °“√„™â‡æ‡¥‘≈ °“√
 √â“߇ ’¬ß √«¡∂÷ß°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°∑“ß
Õ“√¡≥å ‡ ¡◊Õπ‡ªìπÀ≈—° Ÿµ√µ“¬µ—«
°“√‰¥â‡√’¬π°—∫§√Ÿ∑’Ë¡“®“° ”π—°„¥
π—È𠔧—≠¡“° π—°‡ªï¬‚π®–„ à¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
¥— ß °≈à “ «„πª√–«— µ‘ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ Õ«¥Õâ “ ß°— π
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬-
‚π·∫∫√— ‡´’¬¥Ÿ‡À¡◊Õπ®–¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈
·æ√àÀ≈“¬·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°¬àÕß¡“°
∑’Ë ÿ¥¡“™â“π“π „π¢≥–∑’Ë ”π—°Õ◊Ëπ
®–≈¥∫∑∫“∑≈߉ªµ“¡≈”¥—∫ πÕ°
®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’ ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
·∫∫Õ‘µ“≈’  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
·∫∫Õ—ß°ƒ…  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬-
‚π·∫∫ ‡ªπ ·≈– ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈ß
‡ªï ¬ ‚π·∫∫Õ‡¡√‘ °— π ´÷Ë ß ·∑∫‰¡à ¡’
∫∑∫“∑·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ πÕ°®“°®–À¡“¬
∂÷ß —≠™“µ‘À√◊Õ‡™◊ÈÕ™“µ‘¢Õߧ√Ÿ‡ªï¬-
‚πÀ√◊ Õ π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚πºŸâ π—È π ¡“°°«à “ «‘ ∏’
°“√∫√√‡≈ß
Ò.  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
·∫∫√— ‡´’¬ ‡ªì π  ”π— ° ∑’Ë ¡’ ª √–«— µ‘
Õ— 𠬓«π“π Õ— π ‚∑π √Ÿ ∫‘ π  ‰µπå
(Anton Rubinstein, §.». Ò¯Ú˘-
Ò¯˘Ù) ‡ªìπ‡®â“ ”π—° ·≈–‡´Õ√凰
√—§¡“π‘πÕø (Sergey Rachmaninov,
201
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
§.». Ò¯˜Û-Ò˘ÙÛ) ‡ªìπµâπ·∫∫
‡ªìπ°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π∑’ˇπâπ‡∑§π‘§
°“√„™â π‘È « ¡◊ Õ ·≈– à « πµà “ ß Ê ¢Õß
√à “ ß°“¬‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ‰ ¥â ‡  ’ ¬ ß∑’Ë ∑ √ßæ≈— ß
¡’ · ∫∫Ωñ ° À— ¥ ∑’Ë   Õπ«‘ ∏’ ° “√∫√√‡≈ß
‡ªï ¬ ‚π·∫∫√—   ‡´’ ¬ ‡ªì π ®”π«π¡“°
·≈–¡’µ”√“«à“¥â«¬ ”π—°π’È¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥
¡’π—°‡ªï¬‚π —ß°—¥ ”π—°¥πµ√’√— ‡´’¬
µ—Èß·µà§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘  ◊∫µàÕ¡“
π—∫√âÕ¬ªï
 ”π—°¥πµ√’√— ‡´’¬®–„™âπ‘È«‚§âß
·µàæÕß“¡ ·≈–¬°π‘È«¢÷Èπ„Àâæâπ§’¬å
‡¡◊ËÕ‡≈àπ‡ √Á®„π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—∫§âÕπ
‡πâ π ‡∑§π‘ § ∑’Ë   ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å · ∫∫·≈–‡ªì π
∏√√¡™“µ‘®π‡À¡◊Õπ‰¡àµâÕß„™â§«“¡
欓¬“¡ √Ÿâ®—°„™â‡ ’¬ßÀπ—°‡ ’¬ß‡∫“
·≈–°“√ √â“ߪ√–‚¬§‡æ≈ß„Àâ‰æ‡√“–
‡À¡“– ¡ ¡’ Õ‘   √–„π°“√µ’ § «“¡
∫∑‡æ≈ß
°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï ¬ ‚πµ“¡·∫∫
Õ¬à“ß√— ‡´’¬‰¥â√—∫°“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥Õ¬à“ß
‡§√àߧ√—¥®π∂÷ß §.». Ò˘ıı ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’
π—°‡ªï¬‚π√— ‡´’¬®”π«πÀπ÷Ëß¡’‚Õ°“ 
‰ª»÷°…“µàÕµà“ߪ√–‡∑» ·µà„π¢≥–
‡¥’¬«°—π·∫∫Õ¬à“ß°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬-
‚π¢Õß ”π— ° √—   ‡´’ ¬ °Á   √â “ ߧ«“¡
ª√–∑—∫„®„Àâ°—∫™“«µ–«—πµ° ∑—Èß„π
¬ÿ‚√ª·≈–Õ‡¡√‘°“ π—°‡ªï¬‚π√— ‡´’¬∑’Ë
‡¥‘ π ∑“ß°≈— ∫ ª√–‡∑»‰¥â 𔧫“¡√Ÿâ
·≈–·π«§‘¥®“° ”π—°Õ◊Ëπ¡“∂à“¬∑Õ¥
„Àâ π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π√ÿà π µà Õ ¡“ „π™à « ߧ√÷Ë ß
À≈—ߢÕߧ√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú ≈’≈“
·∫∫√— ‡´’¬°Áº ¡º “π°—∫≈’≈“®“°
 ”π—°Õ◊Ëπ®π°≈¡°≈◊π°≈“¬‡ªìπ≈’≈“
¢Õßπ—°‡ªï¬‚π·µà≈–§π ·≈–¬“°∑’Ë
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
®–·¬°·¬–™—¥‡®π«à“π—°‡ªï¬‚πºŸâπ—Èπ
 —ß°—¥ ”π—°¥πµ√’„¥
µ— « Õ¬à “ ßπ— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π®“° ”π— °
¥πµ√’√— ‡´’¬ ‡™àπ ‡∫π‚π ¡Õ¬‡´«‘µ™å
(Benno Moiseiwitsch, §.». Ò¯˘-
Ò˘ˆÛ) «≈“¥‘ ‡ ¡’ ¬ √å ŒÕ‚√«‘ µ ´å
(Vladimir Horowitz, §.». Ò˘Ù-
Ò˘¯˘) ´‡«’ ¬ µÕ ≈“ø √‘ § ‡µÕ√å
(Sviatoslav Richter, §.». Ò˘Òı-
Ò˘˘˜)
Ú.  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
·∫∫‡¬Õ√¡—𠇪ìπ ”π—°∑’ Ë √â“ß√–∫∫
°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π·≈–¡’°“√ ◊∫∑Õ¥
Õ¬à “ ߇µÁ ¡ √Ÿ ª ·∫∫ ·¡â ª √–«— µ‘ ¢ Õß
 ”π— ° π’È ® –‰¡à ¬ “«π“π‡∑à “ °— ∫ ¢Õß
√— ‡´’¬ ·µà°Á∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ ”π—°∑’Ë∑√ß
Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈„π«ß°“√¥πµ√’Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß ‡πâπ
°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π∑’Ë·¡à𬔠∂Ÿ°µâÕß
¡’ æ ≈— ß ·≈–´◊Ë Õ  — µ ¬å °— ∫ ‚πâ µ ‡æ≈ß
µâπ©∫—∫ ·µà„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á‡πâπ
§«“¡ß¥ß“¡¢Õߥπµ√’∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà‡∫◊ÈÕßÀ≈—ß
µ—«‚πâµ ¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ®—ßÀ«–Õ¬à“ßÕ‘ √–
¡“°°«à“ ”π—°¥πµ√’√— ‡´’¬ ®ÿ¥‡¥àπ
¢Õß ”π— ° π’È §◊ Õ ∫√√‡≈߇ªï ¬ ‚π‡µÁ ¡
‡ ’¬ß‡æ◊ËÕ‡≈’¬π‡ ’¬ß¢Õ߫ߥÿ√‘¬“ߧå
µ— « Õ¬à “ ßπ— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π®“° ”π— °
¥πµ√’‡¬Õ√¡—𠇙àπ Õ“√å‡∑Õ√å ™π“‡∫≈
(Artur Schnabel, §.». Ò¯¯Ú-
Ò˘ıÒ) √Ÿ¥Õ≈åø ‡´Õ√姑π (Rudolf
Serkin, §.». Ò˘Û-Ò˘˘Ò) «‘≈‡≈¡
∫—§‡§“ å (Wilhelm Backhaus, §.».
Ò¯¯Ù-Ò˘ˆ˘) §≈“«¥‘‚Õ Õ“√å√“«
(Claudio Arrau, §.». Ò˘Û-Ò˘˘Ò)
Û.  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
·∫∫Ω√—Ë ß ‡»  ‡√‘Ë ¡ µ—È ß ·µà µâ π §√‘   µå
»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘ ‚¥¬„™â¡“µ√∞“π°“√
∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚πµ“¡·∫∫∑’Ë Õπ°—π∑’Ë
 ∂“∫—π¥πµ√’·Ààß°√ÿߪ“√’  (Paris
Conservatoire) ´÷Ëß∂à“¬∑Õ¥°—π¡“
‡ªìπ‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ Òı ªï ‡πâπ°“√
∫√√‡≈߇√Á« ™—¥ ‡√’¬∫  ¡∫Ÿ√≥å·∫∫
‡πâ𧫓¡ ßà“ß“¡¡“°°«à“æ≈–°”≈—ß
¿“¬πÕ° §”π÷ ß ∂÷ ß æ≈— ß ·≈–§«“¡
§‘ ¥ ¿“¬„π „Àâ § «“¡ ”§— ≠ °— ∫ √“¬
≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß°“√ √â“ß≈—°…≥–®—ßÀ«–
∑’Ë · µ°µà “ ß·≈–πà “  π„® ¡’ ‡ ∑§π‘ §
¬◊¥À¬ÿà𠧑¥«‘‡§√“–ÀåÕ¬à“ß≈÷°´÷Èß ·µà
≈–‡ ’¬ß¡’‡ πàÀåߥߓ¡‡À¡◊Õπ‰¢à¡ÿ°
·µà≈–‡¡Á¥∑’ˇ√’¬ß√âÕ¬Õ¬Ÿà„𠓬 √âÕ¬
°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π·∫∫Ω√—Ë߇» ®–°¥
§’¬å‰¡à≈÷°π—° ‡≈àπ¥â«¬π‘È«·≈–¢âÕ¡◊Õ
¡“°°«à“∑’Ë®–„™â·¢π°—∫‰À≈à ©–π—Èπ
·µà≈–π‘È«µâÕßΩñ°„Àâ·¢Áß·√ß¡“°
µ— « Õ¬à “ ßπ— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π®“° ”π— °
¥πµ√’Ω√—Ë߇»  ‡™àπ ‚√·∫√å °“´“¥´ÿ  (Harold Samuel, §.». Ò¯˜˘-
(Robert Casadesus, §.». Ò¯˘˘-
Ò˘˜Ú) ™“π-¡“√’ ¥“√å‡√ (Jeanne-
Marie Darre, §.». Ò˘ı-Ò˘˘˘)
°“ª√‘¬Õß °“´“√’ (Caprien Katsaris,
§.». Ò˘ıÒ-)
Ù.  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
·∫∫Õ‘µ“≈’ ª√–‡∑»Õ‘µ“≈’‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å
°≈“ß ”§—≠¥â“π¥πµ√’·ÀàßÀπ÷ËߢÕß
‚≈° π—°·µà߇æ≈ß π—°‰«‚Õ≈‘π ·≈–
π—°√âÕßÕÿª√“°√¢Õß‚≈°À≈“¬§π‡ªìπ
™“«Õ‘ µ “≈’ ·µà ° ≈— ∫ ¡’ π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π„π
√–¥—∫‚≈°§àÕπ¢â“ßπâÕ¬ ·≈–∑‘Èß™à«ß
§àÕπ¢â“ß¡“° „π®”π«ππ’È Õ“√嵟‚√
‡∫‡π‡¥µµ’ ¡‘ ‡ §≈Õ— 𠇮≈’ (Arturo
Benedetti Michelangeli, §.».
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
202
Ò˘Ú-Ò˘˘ı) ‡ªìππ—°‡ªï¬‚π™“«
Õ‘ µ “≈’ · Àà ß »µ«√√…∑’Ë ‰ ¥â √— ∫ °“√¬°
¬à Õ ß√–¥— ∫ ‚≈°À≈— ß °“√®“°‰ª¢Õß
·ø√Ÿ™‚™ ∫Ÿ‚´π’ (Ferruccio Busoni,
§.». Ò¯ˆˆ-Ò˘ÚÙ) ·≈–∑‘Èß™à«ß
°àÕπ∑’Ë ¡“«√‘´‘‚Õ ‚ª≈≈‘π’ (Maurizio
Pollini, §.». Ò˘ÙÚ-) ®–¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß
„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“À≈—ß®“°π—ÈπÕ’°æ—°Àπ÷Ëß
πÕ°®“°π’È°Á¡’ Õ—≈‚¥ ™‘§‚§≈‘π’ (Aldo
Ciccolini, §.». Ò˘Úı-) ·≈–¡“‡√’¬
µ‘‚ª (Maria Tipo, §.». Ò˘Û-)
´÷Ë ß ‰¥â √— ∫ Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈®“° ”π— ° ¥πµ√’
Ω√—Ë߇» ¥â«¬
ı.  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
·∫∫Õ—ß°ƒ… ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª ”π—°π’ȇπâπ
°“√· ¥ß§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°¿“¬„π ·≈–‰¡à
· ¥ßÕÕ°∑“ßÕ“√¡≥å¡“°π—°∫π‡«∑’
π—°‡ªï¬‚π§π ”§—≠®“° ”π—°¥πµ√’
Õ— ß °ƒ… ‡™à π Œ“‚√≈¥å ·´¡Ÿ ‡ Õ≈
Ò˘Û˜) ‰¡√“ ‡Œ  (Myra Hess, §.».
Ò¯˘-Ò˘ˆı) ‚´‚≈¡Õπ §—µ‡πÕ√å
(Solomon Cutner, §.». Ò˘Ú-
Ò˘¯¯) π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π∑—È ß  “¡‰¥â √— ∫
Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈Õ¬à “ ß Ÿ ß ®“° ”π— ° ¥πµ√’
‡¬Õ√¡— π ∑”„Àâ ° “√· ¥ß∫π‡«∑’
πà“ π„® ‰¡àÕπÿ√—°…π‘¬¡®π‡°‘π‰ª
µ“¡≈’≈“¢Õß ”π—°¥πµ√’Õ—ß°ƒ… π—°
‡ªï¬‚π∑—Èß “¡ “¡“√∂‡≈àπ∫∑‡æ≈ß
¢Õßπ—°·µà߇æ≈ß„π “¬‡¬Õ√¡—π‰¥â¥’
ˆ.  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
·∫∫ ‡ªπ «‘∏’°“√∫√√‡≈ß·∫∫ ‡ªπ
π—Èπ‰¡à¡’ª√“°Ø„πª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å¢Õß
°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π ·µà‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’π—°
‡ªï¬‚π√–¥—∫‚≈°®”π«π‰¡àπâÕ¬‡ªìπ
»‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π§≈“  ‘°

™“« ‡ªπ „πÀπ—ß ◊Õ∫“߇≈à¡®÷߇Õà¬
∂÷ß ”π—°¥πµ√’¥—ß°≈à“« ´÷Ëß¡—°À¡“¬
∂÷ßπ—°‡ªï¬‚π™“« ‡ªπ¡“°°«à“ π‘¬¡
∫√√‡≈ß∫∑‡æ≈ß∑’Ë · µà ß ‚¥¬π— ° ·µà ß
‡æ≈ß™“« ‡ªπ π—°‡ªï¬‚π™“« ‡ªπ
„π™à«ßµâπ§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˘ ¡—°‰¥â
√—∫°“√Ωñ°Ωπ®“° ”π—°¥πµ√’Ω√—ßË ‡»  °“√∫— π ∑÷ ° ‡ ’ ¬ ß·≈–«’ ¥‘ ∑— » πå „π
®÷ ß ‰¥â √— ∫ Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈‰¡à ¡ “°°Á πâ Õ ¬®“°
 ”π—°¥πµ√’Ω√—Ë߇» ´÷Ëßπ‘¬¡∫√√‡≈ß
∫∑‡æ≈ߢÕß‚™·ªß¥â«¬
π—°‡ªï¬‚π§π ”§—≠„π ”π—°π’È
§◊Õπ—°‡ªï¬‚π™“« ‡ªπ™◊ÕË ‚Œ‡´ Õ‘µ√Ÿ ∫å ’
(Jose Iturbi, §.». Ò¯˘ı-Ò˘¯)
·≈–Õ–≈‘‡™’¬ ‡¥ ≈“√å‚√§“ (Alicia de
Larrocha, §.». Ò˘ÚÛ-) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚πÀ≠‘ ß ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â √— ∫ °“√¬°¬à Õ ß
Õ¬à “ ß Ÿ ß „π√–¥— ∫ π“π“™“µ‘ ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–„πª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
˜.  ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
·∫∫Õ‡¡√‘°—π Õ—π∑’Ë®√‘ß ”π—°π’ȉ¡à¡’
µ—«µπÀ√◊Õ°“√°àÕ√à“ß √â“ßµ—«∑’™Ë ¥— ‡®π
·µà‡π◊ËÕß®“°π—°‡ªï¬‚π™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π
¡’ ®”π«π¡“°¢÷È π  ∂“∫— π °“√ Õπ
¥πµ√’ √ –¥— ∫ Õÿ ¥ ¡»÷ ° …“„πª√–‡∑»
 À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “‰¥â √— ∫ §«“¡π‘ ¬ ¡¡“°
‡æ√“– √â“ßÀ≈—° Ÿµ√·≈–µ”√“µ≈Õ¥
®π°“√§â π §«â “ «‘ ®— ¬ Õ¬à “ ß¡’ √ –∫∫„π
∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—∫»“ µ√å¥â“πÕ◊Ëπ «‘™“
°“√¥â “ π¥πµ√’ „ πª√–‡∑» À√— ∞ -
Õ‡¡√‘ ° “¥”‡π‘ π ‰ªÕ¬à “ ߇¢â ¡ ¢â π ·≈–
°â “ «Àπâ “ Õ¬à “ ß√«¥‡√Á « »‘ ≈ ªî π ·≈–
π— ° «‘ ™ “°“√¥â “ π¥πµ√’ ™—È π ¬Õ¥‡ªì π
®”π«π¡“°®“°¬ÿ ‚ √ª‰¥â ≈ ßÀ≈— °
ªí ° ∞“π·≈–‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π — ≠ ™“µ‘ ‡ ªì π
Õ‡¡√‘°—π π—°‡ªï¬‚π™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π‡Õß
≥—™™“ ‚ §µ‘¬“πÿ√—°…å
∑’Ë ¡’ Ωï ¡◊ Õ „π√–¥— ∫ π“π“™“µ‘ °Á Õ Õ°
· ¥ß§Õπ‡ ‘√åµ·≈–∫—π∑÷°‡ ’¬ß‡º¬
·æ√à‰ª∑—Ë«‚≈° ª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
°≈“¬‡ªì π »Ÿ π ¬å ° ≈“ß ”§— ≠ ¥â “ π
¥πµ√’§≈“  ‘° ∑—Èß°“√æ‘¡æåÀπ—ß ◊Õ
µ”√“ ß“π«‘®—¬ °“√º≈‘µ‡§√◊ËÕߥπµ√’
ª√–‡∑» À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “¡’ π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π
®”π«πÀπ÷Ëß· ¥ßµπ«à“∫√√‡≈ßµ“¡
·∫∫ ”π—°¥πµ√’‡¬Õ√¡—πÀ√◊Õ ”π—°
¥πµ√’√— ‡´’¬ ‚¥¬°“√ ◊∫∑Õ¥®“°
§√Ÿ∑’Ë¡“®“° ”π—°¥—ß°≈à“«
µ— « Õ¬à “ ßπ— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π®“° ”π— °
¥πµ√’Õ‡¡√‘°—𠇙àπ √Ÿ¥Õ≈åø ‡´Õ√姑π
(Rudolf Serkin, §.». Ò˘Û-Ò˘˘Ò)
·«π ‰§≈‡∫‘√åπ (Van Cliburn, §.».
Ò˘ÛÙ-) ·≈–‡®¡ å ‡≈«“¬πå (James
Levine, §.». Ò˘ÙÛ-)
„π√“« §.». Ò¯¯ ‡√‘Ë¡¡’°“√
»÷°…“‡°’ˬ«°—∫«‘∏’°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß ®π‡°‘¥‡ªìπ√“¬«‘™“°“√
 Õπ‡ªï¬‚π (Piano Pedagogy) „π
À≈—° Ÿµ√√–¥—∫Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“ π—°‡ªï¬‚π
·≈–§√Ÿ ‡ ªï ¬ ‚π∑¬Õ¬‡¢’ ¬ πÀπ— ß  ◊ Õ
‡ πÕ§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¢—¥·¬âß°—∫«‘∏’°“√
·∫∫‡¥‘¡ Ê ´÷ßË ∂à“¬∑Õ¥°—π¡“™â“π“π
„πª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ… ‚∑‡∫’¬  ·¡∑‡∑¬å
(Tobias Matthay, §.». Ò¯ı¯-
Ò˘Ùı) ‡¢’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡√◊ËÕß çThe Act
of Touch in All Its Diversityé
çForearm Rotation Principlesé
çRelaxation Studiesé ·≈– çThe
Visible and Invisible in Pianoforte
Techniqueé œ≈œ ·π–π”°“√„™â·¢π
À≈“¬«‘∏’ ‡™àπ °“√À¡ÿπ·¢π™à«ß∫π
203
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
°“√À¡ÿπ·¢π™à«ß≈à“ß °“√À¡ÿπ∑—Èß
·¢π ‚§√ß √â“ßπÈ”Àπ—°∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°·¢π
®“°¢â Õ ¡◊ Õ ®“°À— « ‰À≈à · ≈–≈”µ— «
µàÕ¡“ Œ“√å‡√’¬∑ ∫√“«‡«Õ√å (Harriette
Brower, §.». Ò¯ˆ˘-Ò˘Ú¯) ‡¢’¬π
Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡√◊ËÕß çPiano Masteryé œ≈œ
πÕ°®“°π’È À≈— ° °“√¥â “ π®‘ µ «‘ ∑ ¬“
‰¥â ‡ ¢â “ ¡“‡ªì π ‡π◊È Õ À“∑’Ë · ∑√°Õ¬Ÿà „ π
»‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π¥â«¬
»‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π°àÕµ—«
¢÷πÈ ‡ªìπ¡‘µ„‘ À¡à∑π’Ë “à  π„®¡“°¢÷πÈ °“√
∫— π ∑÷ ° ‡ ’ ¬ ß∫∑‡æ≈ß∫∑‡¥’ ¬ «°— π ∑’Ë
∫√√‡≈ß‚¥¬π—°‡ªï¬‚π·µà≈–§π¡’≈’≈“
µà“ß°—π§àÕπ¢â“ß™—¥‡®π ∑—Èß„π·ßà¢Õß
Õ—µ√“§«“¡‡√Á« πÈ”Àπ—°π‘È« ‡ ’¬ß‡∫“
‡ ’¬ß¥—ß §«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ √«¡∂÷ß°“√
· ¥ßÕÕ°∑“ßÕ“√¡≥å „π™à«ß∑⓬
¢Õߧ√‘   µå » µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú §«“¡
‡™’ˬ«™“≠‡©æ“–∑“ß¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠
¡“°¢÷Èπµ“¡≈”¥—∫ π—°‡ªï¬‚πÀ≈“¬
§π∫√√‡≈߇©æ“–∫∑‡æ≈ߢÕßπ— °
·µà ß ‡æ≈ß∫“ߧπ®π‰¥â ™◊Ë Õ «à “ ‡ªì π
ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠º≈ß“π¢Õßπ—°·µà߇æ≈ß
ºŸâπ—Èπ π—°‡ªï¬‚π∫“ߧπ∫—π∑÷°·ºàπ
‡ ’¬ßº≈ß“π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥¢Õßπ—°·µà߇æ≈ß
§π„¥§πÀπ÷Ë ß À√◊ Õ °≈ÿà ¡ „¥°≈ÿà ¡ Àπ÷Ë ß
π—°‡ªï¬‚π∫“ߧπ»÷°…“≈ß≈÷°‡©æ“–
∫∑‡æ≈ß®“°∫“߬ÿ§
°“√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß∂÷ß ”π—°°“√∫√√‡≈ß
‡ªï ¬ ‚π°√à Õ π≈ßµ“¡≈”¥— ∫ ·µà ¡— °
‡ªì π °“√‡Õà ¬ ™◊Ë Õ §√Ÿ ºŸâ   Õπ¡“°°«à “
·≈–Õ“®∫Õ°ª√–«—µ‘¢Õߧ√Ÿ«à“¡“®“°
 ”π—°¥πµ√’„¥ π—°‡ªï¬‚π√ÿàπµàÕ Ê
¡“‰¡à ¡’  — ß °— ¥  ”π— ° ¥πµ√’ ∑’Ë · πà ™— ¥
°Æ‡°≥±å„π°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π∑’ˇ§¬
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
¡’¡“·µà‡¥‘¡„π·µà≈– ”π—°‡√‘Ë¡À≈Õ¡
√«¡‡ªì π Àπ÷Ë ß ‡¥’ ¬ «®π¬“°∑’Ë ® –
·¬°·¬– ”π—°¥πµ√’‰¥â π—°‡ªï¬‚π
√–¥— ∫ π“π“™“µ‘ ® –¡’ ‡ Õ°≈— ° …≥å
ª√–®”µ—«‰¡à´È”°—π ‰¡à‡≈’¬π·∫∫°—π
π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π·µà ≈ –§π¡ÿà ß  √â “ ߧ«“¡
·µ°µà“ß„π≈’≈“ ºŸâøíß¡’∑“߇≈◊Õ°¡“°
¢÷Èπ∑’Ë®–øíߺ≈ß“π¢Õßπ—°·µà߇æ≈ß
ºŸâ„¥ºŸâÀπ÷Ëß‚¥¬Ωï¡◊Õ¢Õßπ—°‡ªï¬‚π∑’Ë
µπ‡Õß™◊Ë π ™Õ∫ ≈— ° …≥–æ‘ ‡ »…∑’Ë
·µà ≈ –§π‡æ’ ¬ √欓¬“¡ √â “ ߢ÷È π ¡“
∑—È ß „π·ßà ¢ Õß∫ÿ § ≈‘ ° ¿“æ°“√· ¥ß
ÕÕ°∫π‡«∑’ «‘∏’°“√∫√√‡≈ß·≈–°“√
µ’§«“¡‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥⡓´÷Ë߇ ’¬ß¥πµ√’∑’Ë
‰¡à‡À¡◊ÕπºŸâ„¥ ∑”„Àâª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å
∑’Ë ‡ °’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï ¬ ‚π¡ÿà ß ∑’Ë
®–°≈à “ «∂÷ ß »‘ ≈ ª–°“√∫√√‡≈ߢÕß
π—°‡ªï¬‚π√“¬∫ÿ§§≈ ·≈–‰¡àÕâ“ßÕ‘ß
 ”π—°¥πµ√’„¥Õ’°µàÕ‰ª
µ—«Õ¬à“ßπ—°‡ªï¬‚π§π ”§—≠
Ò. Õ‘°π“‡´ ¬“π 擇¥‡√ø °’
(Ignace Jan Paderewski, §.».
Ò¯ˆ-Ò˘ÙÒ) π—°‡ªï¬‚π π—°·µàß
‡æ≈ß ·≈–√— ∞ ∫ÿ √ÿ … ™“«‚ª·≈π¥å ¡’
™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà„π ¡—¬‚√·¡πµ‘°µÕπª≈“¬
°—∫ ¡—¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú ‡ªìπ
π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π®“° ”π— ° ¥πµ√’ √—   ‡´’ ¬
À≈— ß  ß§√“¡‚≈°§√—È ß ∑’Ë Ò ‰¥â ‡ ªì π
𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’¢Õß‚ª·≈π¥å„π §.».
Ò˘Ò˘ À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ‰¥â· ¥ß¿“æ-
¬πµ√åŒÕ≈≈’«Ÿ¥ ·≈â«®÷߬÷¥Õ“™’懪ìπ
π—°‡ªï¬‚π
擇¥‡√ø °’∫ÿ°‡∫‘°°“√µ’§«“¡
∫∑‡æ≈ß∑’Ë √â“ß¡‘µ‘„À¡à„Àâ°—∫«ß°“√
‡ªï ¬ ‚π§≈“  ‘ ° „π‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õß°“√
· ¥ßÕÕ°∫π‡«∑’ ∫√√‡≈ß„π≈’ ≈ “
¥ÿ ‡ ¥◊ Õ ¥·≈– √â “ ߇ ’ ¬ ߇À¡◊ Õ π«ß
¥ÿ√‘¬“ߧå∑—Èß«ß §«∫§ÿ¡‡æ‡¥‘≈‰¥â¥’
 —¡º— π‘È«Õ¬à“ß≈–‡¡’¬¥≈–‰¡ ∑”„Àâ
‡ ’¬ß‡ªï¬‚π‡À¡◊Õπ‡ ’¬ß¢—∫√âÕß·≈–
‡ ’ ¬ ß¡’ ª √–°“¬‰¡à «à “ ®–Õ¬Ÿà „ π™à « ß
‡ ’¬ß‡∫“À√◊Õ™à«ß‡ ’¬ß¥—ß √‘‡√‘Ë¡«‘∏’
∫√√‡≈ߥ⠫ ¬®— ß À«–¬◊ ¥ À¬ÿà π ´÷Ë ß ·µà
‡¥‘¡‡¡◊ËÕ¬◊¥®—ßÀ«–·≈⫵âÕߧ◊π®—ßÀ«–
„Àâ § √∫∂â « π‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ≈ ßµ“¡®— ß À«–∑’Ë
¥”‡π‘ π Õ¬Ÿà Õ ¬à “ ß∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß ·µà擇¥-
‡√ø °’ ∂◊ Õ «à “ ‡¡◊Ë Õ ¬◊ ¥ ®— ß À«–‰ª·≈â «
‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕߧ◊π‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ
»‘≈ª–¡“°¢÷Èπ
Ú. ‚¬‡´ø ŒÕø¡—ππå (Josef
Hofmann, §.». Ò¯˜ˆ-Ò˘ı˜) π—°
‡ªï¬‚π™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π‡™◊ÈÕ “¬‚ª·≈π¥å
„π ¡— ¬ ‚√·¡πµ‘ ° µÕπª≈“¬°— ∫
 ¡—¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú ‡ªìππ—°
‡ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë ¬‘Ë ß „À≠à · Àà ß »µ«√√…§π
Àπ÷Ëß ‰¥â√—∫°“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥‡∑§π‘§®“°
 ”π—°¥πµ√’√— ‡´’¬ ¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß„π°“√
„™â ‡ 懥‘ ≈ ‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ß¡’ ª √– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ
‡≈àπ™à«ß¬“° Ê ‰¥â‡√’¬∫  √â“ߧ«“¡
·µ°µà “ ß√–À«à “ ߇ ’ ¬ ߇∫“°— ∫ ‡ ’ ¬ ß
Àπ—°‰¥â°«â“ß∑’Ë ÿ¥ ∑”„À⺟âøíßµ◊Ëπ‡µâπ
·≈–µ—È ß „®∑’Ë ® –‰¥â ¬‘ π ‡ ’ ¬ ߇∫“¡“°
®“°Ωï¡◊Õ¢ÕߌÕø¡—ππå
„π‡π◊È Õ ¥πµ√’ ∑’Ë ¡’ À ≈“¬·π«
 “¡“√∂·¬°·¬–„À⇠’¬ßµà“ß°—π‰¥â
∑ÿ ° ·π«„π√–¥— ∫ µà “ ß Ê °— π Õ¬à “ ß
™—¥‡®π ‚¥¬π”∑ÿ°·π«„π∑’Ë´àÕπÕ¬Ÿà
ÕÕ°¡“„Àâ ‰ ¥â ¬‘ 𠵓¡≈”¥— ∫ §«“¡
 ”§—≠Õ¬à“ßæ‘∂’æ‘∂—π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
204
∫∑‡æ≈ߢÕß‚™·ªß  “¡“√∂„™âπ‘È«
π“ß·≈–π‘È « °â Õ ¬‡≈à π ·π« ”§— ≠ ‰¥â
‰æ‡√“– ‡≈àπµ√ßµ“¡®—ßÀ«–§àÕπ¢â“ß
‡§√à ß §√— ¥ ¡’ æ ≈— ß ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ∏√√¡™“µ‘
µ’ § «“¡Õ¬à “ ß≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥ ®‘ π µπ“°“√
‡ ’ ¬ ß„π„®®π‡ªì π Õ— µ ≈— ° …≥å æ‘ ‡ »…
º ¡º “π≈’ ≈ “°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï ¬ ‚π
∑’ˉ¥â‡ ’¬ß –Õ“¥ ™—¥‡®π  ßà“ß“¡
·∫∫§≈“  ‘ ° ·≈–¡’ ‡  πà Àå ¡’ Õ “√¡≥å
·∫∫‚√·¡πµ‘°  π„®§‘¥§âπ«‘∏’°“√
 Õπ‡ªï¬‚π¥â«¬ ·≈–‰¥â √â“ß≈Ÿ°»‘…¬å
§π ”§— ≠ ‰«â „ Àâ °— ∫ ‚≈°¥πµ√’ §◊ Õ
«≈“¥‘ ‡ ¡’ ¬ √å ŒÕ‚√«‘ µ ´å (Vladimir
Horowitz, §.». Ò˘Ù-Ò˘¯˘)
Û. «‘≈‡≈¡ ∫—§‡§“ å (Wilhelm
Backhaus, §.». Ò¯¯Ù-Ò˘ˆ˘) π—°
‡ªï ¬ ‚π™“«‡¬Õ√¡— π §πÀπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ
‡ ’¬ß√–¥—∫‚≈°„π ¡—¬‚√·¡πµ‘°µÕπ
ª≈“¬°—∫ ¡—¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú
™π–‡≈‘»°“√·¢àߢ—π‡ªï¬‚π√Ÿ∫‘𠉵πå
∑’Ë ° √ÿ ß ª“√’   „π §.». Ò˘ı ‡ªì π
π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë ¬‘Ë ß „À≠à ∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ µ≈Õ¥™à « ß
™’«‘µ ‡ªìπµâπ·∫∫°“√‡≈àπ‡ªï¬‚π¥â«¬
§«“¡™— ¥ ‡®π ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å ∑—È ß „π·ßà ¢ Õß
‡∑§π‘§·≈–°“√µ’§«“¡ ‡≈àπ‡√Á«¥â«¬
æ≈—ß ‡ ’¬ß‰æ‡√“–∑ÿ°‡ ’¬ß ¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ
µ“¡Õ“√¡≥å ‡ªìππ—°µ’§«“¡∫∑‡æ≈ß
¢Õ߇∫‚∑‡øπ·≈–∫√“¡ å √«¡∑—È ß
∫∑‡æ≈ߢÕßπ— ° ·µà ß ‡æ≈ß„π ¡— ¬
‚√·¡πµ‘°Õ’°À≈“¬§π
Ù. Õ“√å‡∑Õ√å √Ÿ∫π‘  ‰µπå (Artur
Rubinstein, §.». Ò¯¯˜-Ò˘¯Ú)
π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π™“«‚ª·≈π¥å ‡ ™◊È Õ  “¬¬‘ «
„π ¡— ¬ ‚√·¡πµ‘ ° µÕπª≈“¬°— ∫
 ¡—¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú ¿“¬À≈—ß
»‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π§≈“  ‘°

‡ª≈’ˬπ —≠™“µ‘‡ªìπÕ‡¡√‘°—𠉥â™◊ËÕ
«à “ ‡ªì π π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë ¬‘Ë ß „À≠à § πÀπ÷Ë ß
·Ààß ¡—¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú ‡§¬
‡√’ ¬ π°— ∫ 擇¥‡√ø °’ «‘ ∏’ ° “√‡≈à π
‡ªï¬‚π∑’ˬ°¡◊Õ¢÷Èπ Ÿß·≈â«¢«â“ß¡◊Õ≈ß
‰ª∫π§’ ¬å ∫ Õ√å ¥ Õ¬à “ ß·¡à 𠬔‡ªì π
≈— ° …≥–æ‘ ‡ »…∑’Ë √Ÿ ∫‘ π  ‰µπå ∑”‰¥â ¥’
„À⇠’¬ß∑’Ë¡’æ≈—ß·≈–‡√â“„®ºŸâ™¡ ∑”„Àâ
∫∑‡æ≈ß¡’™’«‘µ ∫√√‡≈߉¥â¥’µ—Èß·µà
∫∑‡æ≈ߢÕß∫“§®“° ¡— ¬ ∫“‚√°
®π∂÷ ß ∫∑‡æ≈ß®“° ¡— ¬ ‚√·¡πµ‘ °
√«¡∑—Èߺ≈ß“π¢Õßπ—°·µà߇æ≈ß™“«
 ‡ªπ ¡’º≈ß“π∫—π∑÷°‡ ’¬ß∫∑‡æ≈ß
¢Õß ∫√“¡ å ‡∫‚∑‡øπ ‚™·ªß ·≈–
∫∑‡æ≈߇™¡‡∫Õ√凪ìπ®”π«π¡“°
ı. ‡∫π‚π ¡Õ¬‡´«‘µ™å (Benno
Moiseiwitsch, §.». Ò¯˘-Ò˘ˆÛ)
π—°‡ªï¬‚π™“«Õ—ß°ƒ…‡™◊ÈÕ “¬√— ‡´’¬
„π ¡— ¬ ‚√·¡πµ‘ ° µÕπª≈“¬°— ∫
 ¡—¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú µ—Èß√°√“°
„πª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ…µ—Èß·µà §.». Ò˘¯
‡¡◊ËÕÕ“¬ÿ ˘ ªï ™π–‡≈‘»°“√·¢àߢ—π
‡ªï¬‚π√“ß«—≈ çÕ—π‚∑π √Ÿ∫‘𠉵πåé
‡√’¬π‡ªï¬‚π°—∫ ∑’‚Õ¥Õ√å ‡≈™∑‘ °’
(Theodor Leschetizky, §.». Ò¯Û-
Ò˘Òı) ‡ªì π π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π‚√·¡πµ‘ °
°≈ÿà¡ ÿ¥∑⓬ ¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ßÀ≈—ߠߧ√“¡
‚≈°§√—È ß ∑’Ë Ò ‡≈à π ‡ªï ¬ ‚π¥â « ¬æ≈— ß
·≈–‡ªìπ∏√√¡™“µ‘ · ¥ß§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°
‡µÁ¡∑’Ë  π„®√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π°“√‡≈àπ
·π«‡ ’¬ß∑ÿ°·π«„Àâ‰æ‡√“–‡À¡◊Õπ
‡ ’¬ß√âÕß ¡’‡∑§π‘§‡ªï¬‚π∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
‰¥â ™◊Ë Õ «à “ ‡ªì π π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë ‡ ≈à 𠉥â
‰æ‡√“–  ßà“ß“¡ ¥„  ‡™’ˬ«™“≠∫∑
‡æ≈ߢÕ߇∫‚∑‡øπ·≈–∫∑‡æ≈ß„π
≥—™™“ ‚ §µ‘¬“πÿ√—°…å
 ¡— ¬ ‚√·¡πµ‘ ° ‚¥¬‡©æ“–º≈ß“π
¢Õß√—§¡“π‘πÕø πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—߇≈àπ
∫∑‡æ≈߇™¡‡∫Õ√剥⇪ìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ¡’
º≈ß“π°“√∫— π ∑÷ ° ‡ ’ ¬ ߇ªì π ®”π«π
¡“°
ˆ. «≈“¥‘ ‡ ¡’ ¬ √å ŒÕ‚√«‘ µ ´å
(Vladimir Horowitz, §.». Ò˘Ù-
Ò˘¯˘) π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π™“«Õ‡¡√‘ °— π
‡™◊ÈÕ “¬¬Ÿ‡§√π·≈–¬‘«„π ¡—¬§√‘ µå
»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú ¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π
°“√§«∫§ÿ ¡ §ÿ ≥ ¿“懠’ ¬ ß ‡≈à π √“¬
≈–‡Õ’¬¥‰¥â™—¥‡®π  √â“ߧ«“¡‡¢â¡
‡ ’¬ß„Àâπà“ π„®  √â“ß ’ —π‰¥âÀ≈“°
À≈“¬ ¡’‡∑§π‘§°“√‡≈àπ™à«ß§Ÿà·ª¥
Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«‡ªìπ摇»…Õ¬à“ß·¡àπ¬”
∫√√‡≈ߺ≈ß“π¢Õß ‚√‡∫‘√åµ ™Ÿ¡—ππå
(Robert Schumann, §.». Ò¯Ò-
Ò¯ıˆ) ≈‘ µå ·≈–π—°·µà߇æ≈ß„π
 ¡— ¬ ‚√·¡πµ‘ ° µÕπª≈“¬‰¥â ¥’ ‡ ªì π
摇»… ‡ªìππ—°‡ªï¬‚π∑’ˉ¥â√—∫§«“¡
π‘ ¬ ¡Õ¬à “ ß Ÿ ß µ≈Õ¥™à « ß™’ «‘ µ °“√
· ¥ß§Õπ‡ ‘√åµ ¿“¬À≈—ßÕÕ°· ¥ß
„πµà “ ߪ√–‡∑»¡“°¢÷È π ¡’ º ≈ß“π
Õ— ¥ ·ºà π ‡ ’ ¬ ß¡“°∑’Ë  ÿ ¥ ®π«“√–
 ÿ¥∑⓬¢Õß™’«‘µ
˜. ´‡«’¬µÕ ≈“ø √‘§‡µÕ√å
(Sviatoslav Richter, §.». Ò˘Òı-
Ò˘˘˜) π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π™“«√—   ‡´’ ¬ ∑’Ë ¡’
™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß„π ¡—¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú
‡ªì π π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π§π ”§— ≠ ¢Õß ”π— °
¥πµ√’√— ‡´’¬ ¡’§«“¡·¡à𬔠Ÿß·≈–
¡’ «‘ π— ¬ ‡§√à ß §√— ¥ „π°“√∫√√‡≈ß„π
≈’≈“·∫∫√— ‡´’¬ ‡Õ°≈—°…≥凩擖
∑’Ë ”§—≠°Á§◊Õ ¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂ √â“ß
‡ ’¬ß‡ªï¬‚π‰¥âπÿà¡π«≈πà“øíß ‡™’ˬ«
205
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
™“≠∫∑‡æ≈ß ¡— ¬ ‚√·¡πµ‘ ° ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–º≈ß“π¢Õß™Ÿ‡∫‘√åµ·≈–™Ÿ¡—ππå
„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫≈’≈“°“√·µà߇æ≈ß
·µà≈–∫∑¢Õßπ—°·µà߇æ≈ß·µà≈–§π
∑”„Àâ°“√·¬°·¬–≈’≈“‡ªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß
™— ¥ ‡®π‡ ¡◊ Õ ππ— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π§π≈–§π
‡ªì π ºŸâ ‡ ≈à 𠇪ì π π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë   √â “ ß
‡Õ°≈— ° …≥å ≈’ ≈ “°“√∫√√‡≈ߢÕßµ— «
‡Õ߉¥â™—¥‡®π∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‰¡à‡§¬‡≈’¬π·∫∫
Õ¬à“ß«‘∏’°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π¢ÕߺŸâ„¥
‡¡◊ËÕÕÕ°· ¥ß§Õπ‡ ‘√嵄π™à«ß·√°
‰¥â √â“ß¡‘µ‘„À¡à„π°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
∑’ˉ¡à‡À¡◊Õπ„§√ ¡’∫ÿ§≈‘°≈÷°≈—∫πà“
 π„® µ√÷ ß ºŸâ ™ ¡‰¥â µ—È ß ·µà µâ π ®π®∫
°“√· ¥ß§Õπ‡ ‘√åµ
¯. Õ“√嵟‚√ ‡∫‡π‡¥µµ’ ¡‘‡§≈-
Õ—π‡®≈’ (Arturo Benedetti Michel-
angeli, §.». Ò˘Ú-Ò˘˘ı) π—°
‡ªï ¬ ‚π™“«Õ‘ µ “≈’ „ π ¡— ¬ §√‘   µå » µ-
«√√…∑’Ë Ú ™π–‡≈‘ » °“√·¢à ß ¢— π
‡ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë ° √ÿ ß ‡®π’ « “ ¡’ ™◊Ë Õ ‡ ’ ¬ ß„π
°“√§«∫§ÿ ¡  ’  — π ¢Õß∫∑‡æ≈ß·≈–
·¬°·¬–·π«‡ ’¬ß‰¥â™—¥‡®π µ’§«“¡
∫∑‡æ≈ßÕ¬à“ß≈÷°´÷Èß °“√· ¥ßÕÕ°
∫π‡«∑’ ‡ ªì π ∑’Ë πà “ ª√–∑— ∫ „® · ¥ß
§Õπ‡ ‘√嵄πª√–‡∑»µà“ß Ê ª√– ∫
§«“¡ ”‡√Á®‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ¡‘‡§≈Õ—π-
‡®≈’πà“®–∂◊Õ‰¥â«à“‡ªìπºŸâπ”¢Õß ”π—°
°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π·∫∫Õ‘µ“≈’ ‡π◊ËÕß
®“°‡ªìππ—°‡ªï¬‚π™“«Õ‘µ“≈’∑’ˉ¥â√—∫
°“√¬°¬à Õ ß·Àà ß »µ«√√… Õÿ ∑‘ » µπ
„π°“√ Õπ‡ªï¬‚π¥â«¬
˘. °‘¬Õ√å°’ ™‘øø√“ (György
Cziffra, §.». Ò˘ÚÒ-Ò˘˘Ù) π— °
‡ªï ¬ ‚π™“«Ω√—Ë ß ‡» ‡™◊È Õ  “¬Œ— ß °“√’
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
„π ¡—¬§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú ‰¥â√—∫
°“√¬°¬àÕßÕ¬à“ß Ÿß„π¬ÿ‚√ª ‰¥â™◊ËÕ«à“
‡ªìπ≈‘ µå°≈—∫™“µ‘¡“‡°‘¥ ∂◊Õ°”‡π‘¥
„π§√Õ∫§√—«π—°¥πµ√’‡™◊ÈÕ “¬¬‘ª´’
‡¡◊ËÕÕ“¬ÿ‰¥â Ò ªï‰¥â‡√’¬π¥πµ√’Õ¬à“ß
®√‘ ß ®— ß ∑’Ë   ∂“∫— π ¥πµ√’ „ π°√ÿ ß ∫Ÿ ¥ “-
‡ª µå ‡ªìππ—°‡ªï¬‚π∑’ˉ¡à¡’ºŸâ„¥‡∑’¬∫
‰¥â „ π¬ÿ § π—È π ‡≈à π Õ«¥‡∑§π‘ § ¥â « ¬
§«“¡‡√Á«·≈–§«“¡·¡à𬔠∫√√‡≈ß
‰¥â ¥’ ∑—È ß º≈ß“π¢Õß∫“§ ‚¡´“√å ∑
·≈–‚™·ªß √«¡∂÷ß°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π
„π≈’ ≈ “¢Õߥπµ√’ · ®ä   ª√–«— µ‘ · ≈–
°“√‡≈à π ‡ªï ¬ ‚π¢Õß™‘ ø ø√“ °≈“¬
‡ªìπµ”π“πÕ¡µ–®π∑ÿ°«—ππ’È
 ”π— ° °“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï ¬ ‚π„π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’  ”π— ° °“√
∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π‡™àπ°—π ‚¥¬Õâ“ß™◊ËÕ
§√ŸºŸâ‡ªìπ‡®â“ ”π—° Õ“∑‘  ”π—°¥πµ√’
¢Õߪæ—π∏å  π‘∑«ß»åœ §ÿ≥À≠‘ß
¡“≈— ¬ «— ≈ ¬å ∫ÿ ≥ ¬–√— µ ‡«™  ÿ ¥ “
æπ¡¬ß§å ≥—∞ ¬πµ√√—°…å ∏ß √«ß
Õ‘»√“ß°Ÿ√œ ‡ªìπ∑’Ëπà“ —߇°µ«à“ §√Ÿ
‡ªï¬‚π‡®â“ ”π—°‡À≈à“π’È∫“ߧπ‡ªìπ
≈Ÿ°»‘…¬å°—π‡Õߥ⫬ ·≈â«·¬°µ—«¡“
µ—Èß ”π—°À√◊Õ‚√߇√’¬π¥πµ√’„π¿“¬
À≈— ß πÕ°®“°®–„™â ™◊Ë Õ §√Ÿ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ °“√
Õâ “ ßÕ‘ ß ·≈â « ¬— ß Õ“®Õâ “ ß∂÷ ß  ∂“∫— π
¥πµ√’∑’ˉ¥â√Ë”‡√’¬π¡“ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ
 ∂“∫— π ¥πµ√’ „ π√–¥— ∫ µË” °«à “ Õÿ ¥ ¡
»÷ ° …“À√◊ Õ  ∂“∫— π Õÿ ¥ ¡»÷ ° …“ ∑—È ß
 ∂“∫—π¢Õß√—∞·≈– ∂“∫—π¢Õ߇հ™π
Ò. ªî¬–æ—π∏å  π‘∑«ß»åœ (§.».
Ò˘ÛÙ-Úˆ À√◊Õ æ.». ÚÙ˜˜-
ÚıÙ˘) π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π·≈–§√Ÿ ‡ ªï ¬ ‚π
»‘≈ªîπ·Ààß™“µ‘  “¢“»‘≈ª–°“√· ¥ß
(¥πµ√’ “°≈) ª√–®”ªï §.». Ò˘˘¯
(æ.». ÚıÙÒ) ‰¥â√—∫°“√»÷°…“¥â“π
°“√· ¥ß‡ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë ª √–‡∑»Õ— ß °ƒ…
‡ªì π π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë ¡’ º ≈ß“π°“√· ¥ß
„π√–¥— ∫ ™“µ‘ · ≈–π“π“™“µ‘ ∑—È ß „π
Õ‡¡√‘°“·≈–¬ÿ‚√ª ‡§¬‰¥â√—∫√“ß«—≈„π
°“√·¢àߢ—π‡ªï¬‚π∑’˪√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ…
‡§¬√—∫√“™°“√„π°Õߥÿ√‘¬“ߧå∑À“√
‡√◊Õ ·≈–‡ªìπºŸÕâ ”π«¬‡æ≈߫ߥÿ√¬‘ “ߧå
√“™π“«’ ·µà ß ‡æ≈ß·≈–‡√’ ¬ ∫‡√’ ¬ ß
‡æ≈ߥ⫬ ®—¥µ—Èß ç¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ªî¬–æ—π∏å
 π‘∑«ß»åœé ‡æ◊ËÕ π—∫ πÿπ°“√‡√’¬π
°“√ Õπ °“√· ¥ß¥πµ√’ ·≈–
°“√·¢à ß ¢— π ‡ªï ¬ ‚π¢Õ߇¬“«™π„π
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
Ú. §ÿ≥À≠‘ß¡“≈—¬«—≈¬å ∫ÿ ≥-
¬–√—µ‡«™ (§.». Ò˘ÛÚ- À√◊Õ æ.».
ÚÙ˜ı-) π—°‡ªï¬‚π·≈–ºŸâÕ”π«¬
‡æ≈ß »‘≈ªîπ·Ààß™“µ‘  “¢“»‘≈ª–
°“√· ¥ß (¥πµ√’ “°≈) ª√–®”ªï
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
206
§.». Ò˘˘˜ (æ.». ÚıÙ) ‰¥â√—∫
æ√–√“™∑“πª√‘ ≠ ≠“¥ÿ … Æ’ ∫— ≥ ±‘ µ
°‘µµ‘¡»—°¥‘Ï®“°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈
‡¡◊ËÕ §.». ÚÙ (æ.». ÚıÙ˜) ®∫
°“√»÷°…“√–¥—∫ª√‘≠≠“‚∑¥â“π°“√
· ¥ß‡ªï ¬ ‚π·≈–∑ƒ…Æ’ ¥ πµ√’ ® “°
ª√–‡∑» À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “ ‡§¬· ¥ß
‡¥’ˬ«‡ªï¬‚π√à«¡°—∫«ß¥ÿ√‘¬“ߧå√“™-
π“«’ · ≈–«ß‚ª√¡Ÿ  ‘ ° “Àπâ “ æ√–∑’Ë π—Ë ß
À≈“¬§√—È ß ¡’ º ≈ß“πª√“°Øµà Õ
 “∏“√≥™πÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‡ªìπ·√ß
º≈— ° ¥— π  ”§— ≠ „π°“√¬°¡“µ√∞“π
¥â “ π°“√‡√’ ¬ π°“√ Õπ‡ªï ¬ ‚π·≈–
°“√¢—∫√âÕߪ√– “π‡ ’¬ß¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
Û.  ÿ ¥ “ æπ¡¬ß§å (§.».
Ò˘ÛÙ- À√◊Õ æ.». ÚÙ˜˜-) π—°
‡ªï¬‚π·≈–§√Ÿ‡ªï¬‚π ®∫°“√»÷°…“
®“°ª√–‡∑»Ω√—Ë߇»  „™â™’«‘µÀ≈“¬ªï
„π°√ÿßªí°°‘Ëß·≈–°√ÿߪ“√’  »÷°…“
¥â“π°“√· ¥ß‡ªï¬‚π °“√ Õπ‡ªï¬-
‚𠇙’ˬ«™“≠¥â“π«‘™“°“√Ωñ°‚ µ
ª√– “∑·≈–°“√Ωñ ° §«“¡‡ªì π π— °
»‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π§≈“  ‘°

¥πµ√’ ‡§¬‡ªìπÕ“®“√¬å Õπ¥πµ√’
∑’Ë ° √ÿ ß ª“√’   À≈“¬ªï ‡¡◊Ë Õ °≈— ∫ ¡“
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â ‡ ªì π Õ“®“√¬å æ‘ ‡ »…
¢Õß ∂“∫—πÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“À≈“¬·Ààß ¡’
º≈ß“π· ¥ß‡ªï¬‚πÕ¬à“ß ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ
Ù. ≥— ∞ ¬πµ√√— ° …å (§.».
Ò˘ıÙ- À√◊Õ æ.». ÚÙ˘˜-) π—°
‡ªï¬‚π §√Ÿ‡ªï¬‚π ·≈–π—°·µà߇æ≈ß
®∫ª√‘ ≠ ≠“µ√’ ® “°§≥– ∂“ªí µ ¬-
°√√¡»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“-
≈—¬ ª√‘≠≠“‚∑¥â“π°“√· ¥ß‡ªï¬‚π
®“°ª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ…„π §.». Ò˘¯ı
(æ.». ÚıÚ¯) °àÕµ—Èß ç≥—∞  µŸ¥‘‚Õé
‰¥â √— ∫ ‡≈◊ Õ °„Àâ ‡ ªì π »‘ ≈ ªî π  ‰µπå ‡ «¬å
(Steinway Artist) §π‡¥’ ¬ «¢Õß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ÕÕ°· ¥ß§Õπ‡ ‘ √å µ
‡¥’Ë ¬ «‡ªï ¬ ‚π·≈–‡¥’Ë ¬ «√à « ¡°— ∫ «ß
¥ÿ √‘ ¬ “ߧå ∑—È ß „πª√–‡∑»·≈–µà “ ß
ª√–‡∑»Õ¬à “ ß ¡Ë” ‡ ¡Õ ª√–æ— π ∏å
‡æ≈ß ”À√—∫‡¥’ˬ«‡ªï¬‚πÀ≈“¬‡æ≈ß
‰¥â √— ∫ æ√–√“™∑“π√“ß«— ≈ »‘ ≈ ª“∏√
ª√–®”ªï §.». Úˆ (æ.». ÚıÙ˘)
ı. ∏ß √«ß Õ‘»√“ß°Ÿ√œ (§.».
Ò˘ı˘- À√◊Õ æ.». ÚıÚ-) π—°
‡ªï¬‚π §√Ÿ‡ªï¬‚π ·≈–ºŸâÕ”π«¬‡æ≈ß
®∫ª√‘≠≠“‚∑¥â“π°“√· ¥ß‡ªï¬‚π
®“°ª√–‡∑» À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “ ‡√’ ¬ π
‡ªï¬‚π°—∫π‘π“ ´‡«Áµ≈“‚π«“ (Nina
Svetlanova) ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π
≥—™™“ ‚ §µ‘¬“πÿ√—°…å
 ”π—°¥πµ√’√— ‡´’¬ · ¥ß‡¥’ˬ«‡ªï¬
‚πÀ≈“¬§√—Èß∑—Èß„πª√–‡∑»·≈–µà“ß
ª√–‡∑» ∑—È ß · ¥ß‡¥’Ë ¬ «·≈–‡¥’Ë ¬ «
√à«¡°—∫«ß¥ÿ√‘¬“ß§å ªí®®ÿ∫—π‡ªìπ√Õß
»“ µ√“®“√¬å ª √–®”¿“§«‘ ™ “¥ÿ √‘ -
¬“ߧ»‘ ≈ ªá §≥–»‘ ≈ ª°√√¡»“ µ√å
®ÿÓœ
 √ÿª
«‘∏’°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π¢Õß ”π—°
µà “ ß Ê ≈¥∫∑∫“∑≈ßµ“¡≈”¥— ∫
®π„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π π— ° ‡ªï ¬ ‚π·µà ≈ –§π
®–· «ßÀ“«‘ ∏’ ° “√∫√√‡≈߇ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë
‡À¡“–°— ∫  √’ √ –¢Õßµπ ·≈– √â “ ß
»‘ ≈ ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï ¬ ‚π∑’Ë ¡’ Õ— µ -
≈—°…≥凩擖∑’Ë™—¥‡®π ‡ªìπ≈—°…≥–
‡¥àπ¢Õßµπ‡Õß ‚¥¬§”π÷ß∂÷߇ ’¬ß∑’Ë
µπ‡ÕßµâÕß°“√‰¥â¬‘π‡ªì𠔧—≠ ∑—Èßπ’È
¡— ° Õ¬Ÿà ∫ πæ◊È π ∞“π¢Õß°“√µ’ § «“¡
·≈–«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ∫ ∑‡æ≈ß„π‡™‘ ß ‚§√ß
 √â “ ß∑“ß — ß §’ µ ≈— ° …≥å ‰«¬“°√≥å
‡ ’ ¬ ߪ√– “π ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ¢Õßπ— ° ·µà ß
‡æ≈ß·≈–¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈Õ◊Ëπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß ‡™àπ
≈—°…≥–‡ ’¬ß·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕß
¥πµ√’„π ¡—¬π—Èπ ·≈â«π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Èß
À¡¥¡“ª√–¡«≈¥â«¬µ—«‡Õ߇æ◊ËÕ √√§å
 √â “ ßß“π¥ÿ √‘ ¬ “ߧ»‘ ≈ ªá ∑’Ë ¡’ ∑—È ß  ÿ π -
∑√’¬–∑“ßÕ“√¡≥å ·≈–‡Àµÿº≈∑“ß
«‘™“°“√Õ¬à“ß≈ßµ—« ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È°“√
207
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
· ¥ß¥πµ√’ ∑’Ë   “¡“√∂Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬‡™‘ ß
«‘ ™ “ ° “ √ ‰ ¥â Õ ¬à “ ß ¡’ À ≈— ° ° “ √ ®÷ ß
 “¡“√∂π—∫‡ªìπº≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√
‰¥â „ π√–¥— ∫  “°≈ ‡∑’ ¬ ∫‡§’ ¬ ß°— ∫
º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘ ™ “°“√¢Õß»“ µ√å „ π
 “¢“«‘™“Õ◊Ëπ.
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡
Labrande, Christian. Video: The Art of
Piano: Great Pianists of the 20th
Century Playing. London: NVC
Arts, 1999.
Lloyd, Norman. The Golden Encyclopedia
of Music. New York: Golden Press,
1968.
Merriam Websterûs Biographical Diction-
ary. Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster
Publishers, 1995.
Rosenstiel, Leonie. Schirmer History of
Music. New York: Schirmer Books,
1982.
Sadie, Stanley, ed. The Norton/Grove
Concise Encyclopedia of Music.
New York: W.W. Norton, 1994.
Schoenberg, Harold C. The Great Pianists.
New York: Simon and Schuster/
Fireside Books, 1987.
Westrup, J.A. and Harrison, F.Ll. The New
College Encyclopedia of Music.
New York: W.W. Norton, 1981.
Williams, John Paul. The Piano. New York:
Billboard Books, 2002.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

Abstract The Art of Piano Playing

Natchar Socatiyanurak
Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand

The art of piano playing had been very much influenced by Schools of Piano Playing
since the nineteenth century. Among those, the Russian School and the German School seem
to be the most powerful. The individualism of each pianist, however, had grown stronger
during the past decades, resulting in the decline of the conservative styles in piano performing.
Nowadays, noted pianists focus on searching for the way of piano playing which suits their
nature, taste, personality and imagination, mainly basing on the academic music interpreta-
tion. In Thailand, there are as well schools of piano playing where each teacher would justify
ways of piano playing to the students.

Key words: art of piano playing, school of piano playing, piano

√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
»‘≈ª–°“√∫√√‡≈߇ªï¬‚π§≈“  ‘°
208

§ÿ≥§à“∑“ß»‘≈ª–
¡πÿ…¬å°Á‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫æ◊™æ√√≥
∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬∑’˵âÕß°“√§«“¡∑–πÿ∂πÕ¡
√—°…“¥â«¬§«“¡√—°·≈–°“√„Àâªÿܬ´÷Ëß
¡’§ÿ≥§à“ ∫”√ÿß„À⇮√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µÕ¬à“ß¡’
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ‰¡à„™à —°·µà«à“‡°‘¥·≈â«
Õ¬Ÿ‰à ª«—π Ê Õ¬à“ßπà“∑ÿ‡√»‡À¡◊Õπ —µ«å
®÷ß¡’§”°≈à“««à“ Õ¬à“‡Õ“·µà°‘π πÕπ
 ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« µâÕߧ‘¥ µâÕß∑”
·≈–µâÕß·ºà‡¡µµ“ Ÿà°—π∫â“ßµ“¡·∫∫
Õ¬à“ߢÕß¡πÿ…¬å π—Ëπ§◊Õ°“√∑√߉«â
´÷Ëߧÿ≥§à“Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‰ªµ“¡
∏√√¡¥“¢Õß — µ «å ‚ ≈°·µà ≈ –™π‘ ¥
·µà°Á¬—ß¡’Õ’° ‘ËßÀπ÷Ëß´÷Ëß “¡“√∂·¬°
¡πÿ…¬åÕÕ°®“° —µ«å‚≈°Õ¬à“߇ÀÁπ‰¥â
™—¥  ‘Ëßπ—Èπ§◊Õ »‘≈ª– ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å
 “¡“√∂ √â “ ß √√§å · ≈– — ¡ º—   §ÿ ≥
§à“‰¥âÕ¬à“ßßà“¬ Ê ‡æ√“–»‘≈ª– √â“ß
 √√§å ¢÷È π  πÕßµÕ∫§«“¡µâ Õ ß°“√
¢Õß —ߧ¡¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡æ◊ËÕ
º¥ÿ ß §«“¡‡ªì π ¡πÿ … ¬™“µ‘ Õ— π ∑√ß
»—°¥‘Ï»√’‰«â„π‚≈°π—Ëπ‡Õß...
¥— ß π—È π »‘ ≈ ª–®÷ ß µâ Õ ß¡’ §ÿ ≥ §à “
‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“®‘µ„®¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ·¡â«à“
º≈ß“π∑“ß»‘ ≈ ª–®–¡‘ „ ™à  ‘Ë ß ®”‡ªì π
‡ ¡Õ‰ª ”À√—∫°“√¥”√ß™’«‘µÕ¬à“ß
«‘∑¬å æ‘≥§—π‡ß‘π
·∑â®√‘ß°Áµ“¡ ·µà»‘≈ª–°Á‡ªìπ ‘Ëß ”§—≠
Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß„π™’«‘µ¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ‡æ√“–
Õ“®„™â»‘≈ª–‡ªìπ ‘Ëߧ≈’˧≈“¬Õ“√¡≥å
æ—°ºàÕπÀ¬àÕπ„®°—∫»‘≈ª– µ≈Õ¥®π
™à«¬ –∑âÕπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ𧫓¡‡ªìπ‰ªµà“ß Ê
¢Õß — ß §¡ §«“¡¬ÿ µ‘ ∏ √√¡ °“√∂Ÿ °
√—ß·° §«“¡¬“°®π„π°≈ÿ¡à §π∫“ß°≈ÿ¡à
§«“¡¡—Ëß¡’»√’ ÿ¢ §«“¡Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
 ‘Ë ß ‡À≈à “ π’È ≈â « π∂à “ ¬∑Õ¥¡“ Ÿà »‘ ≈ ª–
∑—Èß ‘Èπ ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∫—π¥“≈„®Õ¬à“ß
Àπ÷Ëß´÷Ëß»‘≈ªîπ„™â‡ªìπ«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫ §ÿ≥§à“
¢Õß»‘≈ª–Õ“®·¬°ÕÕ°‰¥â¥—ßπ’È
Ò. §ÿ≥§à“»‘≈ª–∑“ߧ«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°
§◊Õ§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°µÕ∫√—∫ ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê
∑’Ë¡“°√–∑∫„®‡√“ „§√‡§¬√Ÿâ ÷°‡ ’¬„®
¥’„®À√◊Õπ÷° —߇«™„® ‡°≈’¬¥ √—° À√◊Õ
ª≈◊È¡„®®ππÈ”µ“‰À≈ ∫â“ß π—Ëπ·À≈–
§◊Õ§«“¡√Ÿ â °÷ ∑’¡Ë “°√–∑∫„®‡√“ ‡æ√“–
‡√“¡’ÀŸ ¡’µ“ ¡’°“√ —¡º— ∑“ß®‘µ„®
∑“ß√à“ß°“¬ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‰ªµ“¡§«“¡‡ªìπ
®√‘ßµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬åπ—Ëπ‡Õß
Õ“®·¬°ÕÕ°‰¥â¥—ßπ’È
› §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°∑“ß°“√√—∫√Ÿâ ‡ªìπ
§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°·Ààß “¡—≠ ”π÷°¢Õ߇√“∑’Ë
209
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
«‘∑¬å æ‘≥§—π‡ß‘π
¿“§’ ¡“™‘°  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
‰¥â√—∫®“°Õ“√¡≥å –‡∑◊Õπ„® ‚¥¬¡’
 ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê ¡“ –°‘¥„Àâ∫—߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ¥—ß
‡™àπ∑’Ë°≈à“«·≈â« §◊Õ §«“¡√—° §«“¡
æÕ„® ™Õ∫„® ‡ ’¬„® ™‘ß™—ß ¬‘π¥’
 ß “√ ∂â“ “¡“√∂ √â“ß √√§å»‘≈ª–
„Àâ ∫— ß ‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‡™à π π’È ‰ ¥â °Á ∑”„Àâ § «“¡
√Ÿâ ÷°∑“ß°“√√—∫√Ÿâ‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°«â“ßÕÕ°
‰ª ‡™à π ¡Õ߇ÀÁ 𠧫“¡ß“¡Õ— π πà “
‡≈◊ËÕ¡„ »√—∑∏“¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏√Ÿª ∑”
„À⇰‘¥§«“¡Õ‘Ë¡‡Õ‘∫„® ªïµ‘¬‘π¥’ ®π
µâ Õ ß· ¥ß§«“¡πÕ∫πâ Õ ¡ À√◊ Õ ∂â “
¡Õ߇ÀÁπ¿“æ∑’Ë· ¥ß∂÷ߧ«“¡∑“√ÿ≥
‚À¥√⓬ ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°„π∑“ß
µà Õ µâ “ π«à “ ∑”Õ¬à “ ßπ—È π ‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ߉√...
À√◊Õ°“√¥Ÿ≈–§√µÕππ“߇հæ√–‡Õ°
∂Ÿ ° °≈—Ë π ·°≈â ß ∑”„Àâ ¬‘Ë ß ™‘ ß ™— ß À√◊ Õ
‡°≈’¬¥µ—«ºŸâ√⓬¡“°¢÷Èπ æ√âÕ¡°—ππ—Èπ
°Á ¬‘Ë ß √— ° ·≈– ß “√π“߇հæ√–‡Õ°
¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡æ√“–‰¥â√—∫§«“¡°¥¥—π®“°
§«“¡‡°≈’¬¥§«“¡™‘ß™—ß ∫“ß∑’πÈ”µ“
´÷¡À√◊Õ‰À≈æ√“°·∂¡ –Õ◊Èπ‰ª¥â«¬
‡æ√“–‰ª –°‘¥¡‚π∏√√¡„π„®...°Á§◊Õ
∑”„À⇰‘¥Õ“√¡≥å –‡∑◊Õπ„®¢ÕߺŸâ¥Ÿ
ºŸâ™¡
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
› §«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° ∑“ߧ«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ
‰¥â·°à °“√∑’ˇ√“¡’§«“¡‡™◊ËÕµ“¡ Ê
°—π«à“  ‘Ëß„¥‡√’¬°«à“Õ–‰√ ‡™àπ µ—«
°√–Àπ° Àπ⓬—°…å Àπâ“≈‘ß Àπâ“
æ√– Àπâ“π“ß °√–®—ß∫—«  ‘Ë߇À≈à“π’È
‡¢’¬π¢÷Èπµ“¡·∫∫∑’ˇ§¬‡¢’¬π°—π¡“
‡™◊ËÕ°—π¡“ ≈—°…≥–¢Õßæ√–æÿ∑∏√Ÿª
∑’Ë «¬ß“¡Õ‘Ë¡‡Õ‘∫¥â«¬æÿ∑∏≈—°…≥–
∂Ⓡ√“ “¡“√∂ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ
π—È π ‰¥â °Á π— ∫ «à “ ‰¥â   √â “ ߧÿ ≥ §à “ ∑“ß
§«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ ∂◊ Õ „Àâ ∫— ß ‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π „π»‘ ≈ ª–
·≈â« ´÷Ëß®–¡’§ÿ≥§à“ Ÿß¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß
‰√°ÁµâÕßæ‘®“√≥“°—πÕ’° ¬—ß¡’§«“¡
‡™◊ËÕÕ’°Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëߧ◊Õ§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ„πµ—«
¢Õ߇√“‡Õß ‡ªì𧫓¡‡™◊ËÕ∑’Ëæ‘®“√≥“
‡ ’¬°àÕπ«à“¡’‡Àµÿº≈‡æ’¬ßæÕÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
æÕ∑’Ë®–„Àâ§πæ∫‡ÀÁπº≈ß“π¢Õ߇√“
¡’§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ§≈âÕ¬µ“¡À√◊Õ‰¡à ∂â“¡’
§ÿ≥§à“®√‘ß Ê °Á®–°≈“¬‡ªìπº≈ß“π
∑’Ë¥’‡¥àπ‰¥â
› §«“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° ∑“ߧ«“¡ß“¡
‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õߧ«“¡ß“¡‡ªì π  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ∑ÿ ° §π
µâÕß°“√ „§√¡“«à“‡√“«à“‰¡àß“¡‡≈¬
πà “ ‡°≈’ ¬ ¥ ‡√“¡— ° ®–‰¡à §à Õ ¬æÕ„®
∑—Èß Ê ∑’Ë欓¬“¡·µàßµ—«‡∑à“∑’ËæÕ®–
·µà߉¥âÕ¬Ÿà·≈â«°Áµ“¡ „§√ Ê °ÁÕ¬“°
¡’º≈ß“π∑“ß»‘≈ª–∑’Ë¡’§π™¡«à“ß“¡
‡√“‡Õß°Á Õ ¬“°‡ÀÁ π  ‘Ë ß ß“¡ Ê À√◊ Õ
∫“ß∑’‡√“‡Õ߇ÀÁπ«à“ß“¡‡æ√“–æÕ„®
·µà„§√®–«à“‰¡àß“¡°Áµ“¡∑’ ‰¡à π...
»‘ ≈ ª–∑’Ë ß “¡ Ê ‚¥¬√Ÿª·∫∫∑’Ë· ¥ß
ÕÕ°„Àâ‡ÀÁππ—È𠇪ìπ ‘Ëß¡Õ߇ÀÁπ‰¥âßà“¬
‡™à𠧫“¡ß“¡¢Õߥհ‰¡â „∫Àπâ“
ºŸâÀ≠‘ß À√◊Õ≈«¥≈“¬∑’Ë´—∫´âÕπ  «¬
ß“¡πà“∑÷Ëß ·µà»‘≈ª–∑’Ë´àÕ𧫓¡ß“¡
‰«â¿“¬„π‡ªìπ ‘Ëß¡Õ߇ÀÁπ‰¥â¬“° ‡™àπ
¿“æ„∫Àπâ“À≠‘ß™√“∑’ˇÀ’ˬ«¬àπ ·µà
¡’· ß ‡ß“  ’ ·≈–Ωï·ª√ß∑’ˇ¥Á¥‡¥’ˬ«
ß“¡Õ¬à “ ߬‘Ë ß °Á ‡ ªì 𠧫“¡√Ÿâ  ÷ ° ∑“ß
§«“¡ß“¡‡™àπ°—π ·≈–‡ªì𧫓¡ß“¡
∑’Ë≈÷°´÷Èß°«à“¿“æ∑’Ëß“¡¥â«¬ ’ —π √Ÿª
·∫∫ ‡ ’¬Õ’°
Ú. §ÿ ≥ §à “ »‘ ≈ ª–∑“ßÕ”π«¬
ª√–‚¬™πå„™â Õ¬
§◊Õ ‘Ëß„™â Õ¬·≈–‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå
·°à°“√¥”√ß™’«‘µ¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å „™à«à“
 —°·µà«à“ √â“ߢ÷ÈπÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ¬—ß®–
µâÕß¡’√Ÿª·∫∫≈—°…≥– „π∑“ß»‘≈ª–
Õ’°¥â«¬ ‡™àπ «‘∑¬ÿ ‚∑√∑—»πå ‡§√◊ËÕß
‡√◊Õ𠇧√◊ËÕߧ√—« √∂¬πµå À“°‰¡à¡’
°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫„À⥟ «¬ß“¡πà“„™â ∑—π
 ¡—¬ °Á®–¢“¥§ÿ≥§à“Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß
› §ÿ≥§à“¢Õß∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬ °“√
Õ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬¢Õß¡πÿ…¬åπ—Èπ „™à«à“®–‡ªìπ
‰ªßà“¬ Ê µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ¬à“ß —µ«å
∑—Ë«‰ª À√◊ÕÕ¬à“ß∑’ˇ√’¬°°—π«à“ ç‡Õ“
·µà∑’Ë´ÿ°À—«πÕπ‡∑à“π—Èπé ·µà¡πÿ…¬å
°≈—∫®–µâÕß √â“ß √√§å∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬¢Õß
§π„Àâæ—≤π“¢÷Èπ∑ÿ°¬ÿ§∑ÿ° ¡—¬ ‡¥‘¡
∑’ˇ§¬Õ¬Ÿàµ“¡∂È” µ“¡‡æ‘ߺ“ °ÁµâÕß
¢¬—∫¢¬“¬ÕÕ°¡“Õ¬Ÿà„π∑’Ë°≈“ß·®âß
°“√ √â “ ß √√§å ∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà Õ “»— ¬ ®÷ ß µâ Õ ß¡’
°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡À≈—°∑“ß
 ÿ¢¿“æÕπ“¡—¬ ·≈–§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß·¢Áß
·√ß∑π∑“π µ≈Õ¥®πÕ”π«¬ª√–-
‚¬™πå„Àâ “¡“√∂Õ¬Ÿà‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’§«“¡
 ÿ¢ ¥—ßπ—Èπ§ÿ≥§à“„π∑“ßÕ”π«¬§«“¡
 ÿ ¢ ¢Õß∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà Õ “»— ¬ ®÷ ß µâ Õ ßª√–°Õ∫
¥â«¬§«“¡ –¥«°µà“ß Ê µâÕß°«â“ßæÕ
√–∫∫∑ÿππ‘¬¡¿“¬„µâ√–∫Õ∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬·∫∫‰∑¬
210
∑’Ë ® –„™â ª √–‚¬™πå ¡’ ∑‘ » ∑“ß≈¡∑’Ë ¥’
æÕ§«√ ¡’· ß «à“ß∑’Ë¥’ ·µà≈–ÀâÕß
¡’ —¥ à«π∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ¡’∑’Ëß“¡µ“∑—Èß
¿“¬πÕ°¿“¬„π ∫√‘‡«≥∫â“π°Á¡’æÕ
§«√ ·¡â®–‰¡à¡“°π—° À√◊Õ∂â“¡’¡“°
°Á   “¡“√∂®— ¥ ·µà ß „Àâ ¥Ÿ ‡ ªì π √–‡∫’ ¬ ∫
‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ∫â“πÀ≈—߇≈Á°
„À≠à·¡â°√–∑—Ëß ∂“π∑’Ë°àÕ √â“ßÕ◊Ëπ Ê
°Á‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π®–µâÕßÕ”π«¬ª√–‚¬™πå
‰¥âÕ¬à“߇µÁ¡∑’Ë æ√âÕ¡°—∫¡’»‘≈ª–Õ¬Ÿà
„πµ—«Õ’°¥â«¬
› §ÿ ≥ §à “ „π ‘Ë ß ¢Õ߇§√◊Ë Õ ß„™â
 ‘ËߢÕßµà“ß Ê ∑’Ë„™âÕ¬Ÿà„π™’«‘µª√–®”
«— π π—È π °Á µâ Õ ß¡’ §ÿ ≥ §à “ æÕ·°à ° “√„™â
 Õ¬ §«“¡®√‘ß°“√¥◊Ë¡πÈ”π—Èπ‡√“Õ“®
„™â¡◊Õ«—°πÈ”¥◊Ë¡‰¥â ·µà∂Ⓡ√“„™â·°â«∑’Ë
 –Õ“¥ ·≈–µ—°πÈ”∑’Ë –Õ“¥‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥â
«à“ª≈Õ¥¿—¬ ‡¬Áπ™◊Ëπ„® °Á®–¬‘Ëß™«π
¥◊Ë ¡ ¡“°¢÷È π À√◊ Õ ·¡â · µà ® –¡’ ° –≈“
 —°„∫ °√–ªÜÕß —°„∫ °Á¬—߉¡à¥’‡∑à“
°“√„™â·°â« ‡æ√“–‡√“√Ÿâ®—°¡“·≈â««à“
·°â«π—πÈ „™â¥¡◊Ë πÈ” ®π‡√’¬°°—π«à“ ç·°â«
πÈ” é ·µà·°â«πÈ”π—Èπ°Á®–µâÕß¡’¢π“¥
∑’ËæÕ¥’°—∫¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ∂â“„À≠à‡°‘π‰ªÀ√◊Õ
‡≈Á°‡°‘π‰ª ®”π«ππÈ”∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π·°â«
°Á®–∑”„Àâ‰¡à™«π¥◊Ë¡Õ’° ¡’§ÿ≥§à“Õ¬Ÿà
„πµ—«¢Õß¡—π‡Õß ·¡â·µà‚µä– ‡°â“Õ’È
°Á ® –µâ Õ ß¡’  — ¥  à « πæÕ‡À¡“–∑’Ë ® –„™â
π—Ëß ‰¡à·§∫‡°‘π‰ª ‰¡à„À≠àÀ√◊Õ‡µ’Ȭ
‡°‘π‰ª  Ÿß‡°‘π‰ª ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√ÕÕ°
·∫∫®÷ß¡—°„™â —¥ à«π¢Õßµπ ∑”„Àâ
¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠„π°“√ √â“ߧÿ≥§à“·°à
 ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê π’È¡“° ‡æ√“–°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫
π—Èπ ®–§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡‰ª∂÷ß∑—Èß°“√º≈‘µ
·≈–°“√„™â Õ¬¥â«¬
§ÿ≥§à“∑“ß»‘≈ª–

Û. §ÿ≥§à“∑“ß°“√ √â“ß √√§å
°“√ √â“ß √√§å‡ªìπ§”∑’Ë„™â§Ÿà°—π
°—∫»‘≈ª– §«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√ √â“ß
 √√§å§◊Õ ç°“√ √â“ß ‘Ëß∑’ˉ¡à¡’ „À⇰‘¥
¡’¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬»‘≈ªîπÀ√◊ÕºŸâ √â“ß √√§å¡’
®‘πµπ“°“√¢÷Èπ®“° ‘Ëߥ≈„®§‘¥‡√◊ËÕß
¢Õߧ«“¡§‘ ¥ ®÷ ß π”Àπâ “ °à Õ πΩï ¡◊ Õ é
°“√ √â“ß √√§åπ—Èπ¡’Õ¬Ÿà„πµ—«¡πÿ…¬å
∑ÿ ° §π ‡™à π √Ÿâ ®— ° °“√§≈’Ë § ≈“¬·°â
ªí≠À“µà“ß Ê æ¬“¬“¡ √â“ß ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê
µ“¡§«“¡‡¢â“„®¢Õß·µà≈–§π °“√
‡Õ“ ‘Ë ß Àπ÷Ë ß  «¡≈ßÕ’ °  ‘Ë ß Àπ÷Ë ß °“√
‡√’¬ß ‘Ëßµà“ß Ê À√◊Õ°“√‡≈◊Õ°‡Õ“ ‘Ëß∑’Ë
‡ªìπæ«°‡¥’¬«°—π‰«â¥â«¬°—π ‡À≈à“π’È
‡ªì π ∑’Ë ¡ “¢Õß°“√ √â “ ß √√§å ∑—È ß  ‘È π
·µàÕ¬Ÿà„π¢—ÈπµÕπ¢Õ߇¥Á° Ê
° “ √   √â “ ß   √ √ §å π—È π ‡ ªì π ¥ÿ ®
°‘ ® °√√¡æ‘ ‡ »…Õ¬à “ ßÀπ÷Ë ß ´÷Ë ß ®–
∫— ß ‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ‰¥â ® “°§«“¡ π„®‡ªì π
≈”¥— ∫ ·√°¥— ß π—È π °“√ √â “ ߧ«“¡
 π„®„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ º≈„π∑“ß √â “ ß √√§å
®÷ßπ—∫«à“ ”§—≠¡“° ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ
°“√¡’°√–¥“… Ò ·ºàπ ‡√“Õ“®·°â
ªí ≠ À“‡√◊Ë Õ ß§«“¡«à “ ߇ª≈à “ ∫π·ºà π
°√–¥“… ‚¥¬°“√¢’¥‡ âπ„π∑‘»∑“ß
µà“ß Ê À√◊Õ∫√√®ÿ√Ÿª‡√¢“§≥‘µ ¡’√Ÿª
 ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡  “¡‡À≈’ˬ¡ «ß°≈¡ ≈ß„π
«‘∑¬å æ‘≥§—π‡ß‘π
°√Õ∫‡ â 𠥑 π  Õ ´÷Ë ß µà “ ߧπµà “ ß°Á
 “¡“√∂«“¥‰¥â ·≈–¡’§«“¡§‘¥‡ªìπ
¢Õßµπ‡Õß∑ÿ°§π ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫»‘≈ªîπ
ºŸâ √â“ß √√§å °“√µ—¥ ‘π„®‡¢’¬π§√—Èß
·√°°Á ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ·°â ªí ≠ À“§«“¡«à “ ߇ª≈à “
·≈⫧«“¡§‘¥„π°“√µàÕ‡µ‘¡‡ √‘¡·µàß
„À⇪ìπ¿“æ∑’Ë¥’°Á‡¥‘πÀπ⓵àÕ‰ª °“√
·√‡ß“ÕàÕπ·°à ≈—∫°—π°Á®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡Õß
≈—°…≥–¢Õߺ≈ß“π»‘≈ª–∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°
§«“¡§‘¥„π°“√ √â“ß √√§åπ—Èπ Õ“®
æ‘®“√≥“‰¥â®“°º≈ß“π∑’Ëæ—≤𓵓¡
≈”¥—∫¢—πÈ ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
Ò. ‡ªìπ¢—Èπµâπ„π°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°
Õ¬à“ßÕ‘ √– ·¡â®–‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß‡ âπ¢¬ÿ°
¢¬‘°  ’∑’Ë√–∫“¬‡ª√Õ– Ê À√◊Õ¿“æ∑’Ë
¬—߉¡à‡¢â“∑à“ ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°
Õ¬à “ ßÕ‘   √–·≈â « ∂◊ Õ «à “ ‡ªì π ß“π √â “ ß
 √√§å ‡™àπ ß“π»‘≈ª–¢Õ߇¥Á°
Ú. ‡ªì π ¢—È π ∑’Ë ·  ¥ßÕÕ°Õ¬à “ ß
Õ‘ √–¢Õ߇√◊ËÕß√“«¢÷Èπ À√◊Õ‡ªìπº≈
º≈‘µ∑’ËÕ‘ √–·µà¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ¢÷Èπ°«à“¢—Èπ
∑’Ë Ò ‡æ√“– “¡“√∂Õà“𧫓¡À¡“¬
ÕÕ°«à“‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπº≈‘µº≈
∑’Ë¡’‡√◊ËÕß√“«¢÷Èπ
Û. ‡ªì π ¢—È π ∑’Ë ·  ¥ßÕÕ°Õ¬à “ ß
Õ‘   √–·≈–‡ªì π ß“π·π«„À¡à ·ª≈°
ÕÕ°‰ª®“°ß“π‡¥‘¡∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà·≈â« ‡ªìπ
211
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
ß“π√Ÿª∏√√¡∑’ˉ¥â —¥ à«π °≈¡°≈◊π
‡À¡“– ¡
Ù. ‡ªìπß“π∑’Ë· ¥ßÕÕ°Õ¬à“ß
Õ‘   √–·≈–‰¡à ´È” ·∫∫„§√ πà “  π„®
‡ªì π ß“π√Ÿ ª ∏√√¡∑’Ë ‡ °’Ë ¬ «‡π◊Ë Õ ß¥â « ¬
π“¡∏√√¡¡“°¢÷È𠇪ìπº≈‘µº≈∑’Ë∑”
„À⇰‘¥°“√°≈ⓧ‘¥ ·≈– √â“ßÕ“√¡≥å
 –‡∑◊Õπ„®¡“°¢÷Èπ
ı. ‡ªìπß“π∑’Ë· ¥ßÕÕ°Õ¬à“ß
Õ‘ √–∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥– √Ÿª·∫∫∑“ßπ“¡-
∏√√¡Õ¬à“ß Ÿß À≈ÿ¥æâπÕÕ°‰ª®“°
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ„π∑ƒ…Æ’‡¥‘¡ ‡ªìπ°“√µ—Èß
∑ƒ…Æ’„À¡à°Á«à“‰¥â ¡’ª√‘≠≠“‡©æ“–
µ—«Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π
§ÿ ≥ §à “ ∑“ß°“√ √â “ ß √√§å ®÷ ß
µâÕߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ªí®®—¬∑—Èß∫√√¬“-
°“»·≈– ∂“π∑’Ë ´÷Ë ß ∑”„Àâ ºŸâ   √â “ ß
 √√§å ¡’‡ √’¿“æ∑“ߧ«“¡§‘¥ °≈â“
À“≠µà Õ ¢â Õ «‘ ® “√≥å µà “ ß Ê ¡’ § «“¡
√Ÿâ  ÷ ° «à “ µπ‡Õß¡’ §à “ §«√·°à ° “√¬Õ¡
√—∫¢Õß —ߧ¡ ·≈–ª≈Õ¥¿—¬®“° ‘Ëß
√∫°«π∑—Èߪ«ß ¥—ßπ—Èπ ß“π»‘≈ª°√√¡
„¥ Ê ∑’Ë ∑ √ߧÿ ≥ §à “ ∑“ß°“√ √â “ ß
 √√§å ºŸâ ¥Ÿ ºŸâ ™ ¡°Á ® –‡¢â “ „®∂÷ ß  ¿“æ
·≈– ∂“π°“√≥å ¢ Õß»‘ ≈ ªî π ºŸâ   √â “ ß
 √√§å‰ª¥â«¬æ√âÕ¡°—π.
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

√“¬ß“πº≈°“√ª√–™ÿ¡«‘™“°“√
‡√◊ËÕß ç°“√„™ââª√–‚¬™π宓°∑√—欓°√πÈ”„π°“√º≈‘µæ≈—ßß“π‰øøÑ“é
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π √à«¡°—∫  ”π—°ß“π°Õß∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬ ( °«.)
«—π®—π∑√å∑’Ë ˜  ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.». ÚıÙ˘ ≥ ÀâÕß°¡≈∑‘æ¬å ‚√ß·√¡ ¬“¡´‘µ’È °√ÿ߇∑æœ

ª°√≥å Õ¥ÿ≈æ—π∏ÿå
ª√–∏“π§≥–°√√¡°“√Õ”π«¬°“√
®—¥°“√ —¡¡π“∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
‡√◊ËÕß °“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√πÈ”

ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¿“«–°“√‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π ·≈–§«“¡º— π º«π¢Õß ´÷ßË °àÕ„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“¥â“π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑—ßÈ √–¥—∫∑âÕß∂‘πË √–¥—∫

√“§“πÈ” ¡— π ¡’ º ≈°√–∑∫µà Õ ¿“«–°“√·¢à ß ¢— π ¢Õß
Õÿµ “À°√√¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»·≈–§à“§√Õß™’æ¢Õߪ√–™“™π
Õ¬à“ß¡“° ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—ß¡’·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»
‰¡à‡æ’¬ßæÕ µâÕßπ”‡¢â“®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑»°«à“§√÷ËßÀπ÷ËߢÕß
§«“¡µâÕß°“√ §‘¥‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈§à“°«à“ ˜, ≈â“π∫“∑
À√◊Õ°«à“√âÕ¬≈– Ò ¢Õß GDP ·≈–¡’¡Ÿ≈§à“ª√–¡“≥
√âÕ¬≈– Òı ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈§à“ ‘π§â“∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’Ë àßÕÕ°„π æ.».
ÚıÙ¯ πÕ°®“°π’È °«à“√âÕ¬≈– ¯ ¢Õßæ≈—ßß“π∑’Ë„™â¬—ß
‡ªìπ‡™◊ÕÈ ‡æ≈‘ßøÕ ´‘≈ (∂à“πÀ‘π πÈ”¡—π ·≈–·°ä ∏√√¡™“µ‘)
¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§ ·≈–√–¥—∫‚≈°
°“√‡æ‘Ë¡°“√„™âæ≈—ßß“πÀ¡ÿπ‡«’¬π´÷Ëß à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ
·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π –Õ“¥¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»‡ªìπ·π«∑“ßæ◊Èπ∞“π
„π°“√≈¥π”‡¢â “ ·≈–≈¥º≈°√–∑∫®“°ªí ≠ À“æ≈— ß ß“π
æ≈—ßπÈ”¢π“¥‡≈Á°‡ªìπ·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“πÀ¡ÿπ‡«’¬π∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡
¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ª√–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ëß ‡æ√“–¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡
πâÕ¬¡“° „™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑’ˉ¡à´—∫´âÕπ ·≈– “¡“√∂º≈‘µ¢÷Èπ
‰¥â‡Õß„πª√–‡∑»‡ªìπ à«π„À≠à

√“¬ß“πº≈°“√ª√–™ÿ¡«‘™“°“√ ‡√◊ËÕß
°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π宓°∑√—欓°√πÈ”„π°“√º≈‘µæ≈—ßß“π‰øøÑ“
212

°“√º≈‘µæ≈—ßß“π‰øøÑ“®“°æ≈—ßπÈ”¢π“¥‡≈Á°Õ“®
æ—≤π“‰¥â®“°·À≈àßæ≈—ßπÈ”∑’ËÀ≈“°À≈“¬ ‡™àπ °“√ √â“ß
‡¢◊ËÕπ·≈–µ‘¥µ—Èß°—ßÀ—ππÈ” ”À√—∫·À≈àßπÈ”¢π“¥‡≈Á° °“√
µ‘¥µ—Èß°—ßÀ—ππÈ”∑’ˇ¢◊ËÕπ™≈ª√–∑“π∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà·≈â« °“√ √â“ß
‡¢◊Ë Õ πµ“¡·¡à πÈ” ‡ªì π √–¬– Ê ‡æ◊Ë Õ º≈‘ µ æ≈— ß ß“π‰øøÑ “
(cascade system) ·≈–°“√„™âæ≈—ßπÈ”®“°πÈ”∑‘Èß∑⓬
‡¢◊ËÕπ¢π“¥„À≠à
°“√æ— ≤ π“æ≈— ß πÈ” ¢π“¥„À≠à ∑’Ë ¡’ º ≈°√–∑∫µà Õ
 ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡πâÕ¬¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»·≈–„πª√–‡∑»‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π
°Á¬—߇ªìπ‰ª‰¥â ·≈–§«√æ‘®“√≥“»÷°…“°—πÕ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß
®“°¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ¢Õß°“√‰øøÑ “ ΩÉ “ ¬º≈‘ µ ·Àà ß ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’·À≈àßæ≈—ßπÈ”¢π“¥„À≠à∑’ˬ—߉¡à‰¥âæ—≤π“
Õ’°°«à“ Ù, MWe ·µà°“√æ—≤π“‡¢◊ËÕπ¢π“¥„À≠à
¡—°ª√– ∫ªí≠À“°“√µàÕµâ“π¢Õߪ√–™“™π„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’ˉ¥â
√—∫º≈°√–∑∫
ª°√≥å Õ¥ÿ≈æ—π∏ÿå
213
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
πÕ°®“°·À≈àßæ≈—ßπÈ”¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»·≈â« ª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬¬—ß¡’π‚¬∫“¬∑’Ë®–„™â·À≈àßæ≈—ßπÈ”¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‡æ◊ËÕπ
∫â“π‡æ◊ËÕº≈‘µæ≈—ßß“π‰øøÑ“ ·≈–‰¥â‡√‘Ë¡æ—≤π“·≈–∑”
¢âÕµ°≈߉ª·≈â«À≈“¬‚§√ß°“√ ·ºπß“π·≈–¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å
„π°“√æ— ≤ π“·À≈à ß æ≈— ß πÈ” ®“°ª√–‡∑»‡æ◊Ë Õ π∫â “ π§«√
®—¥∑”Õ¬à“ß√Õ∫§Õ∫ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥º≈¥’·°à°“√„™âæ≈—ßß“π
¢Õߪ√–‡∑»Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π
πÈ”‡ªìπ∑√—欓°√∑’Ë¡’§à“ ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ·°à™’«‘µ
¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å °“√„™â∑√—欓°√πÈ”‡æ◊ËÕº≈‘µæ≈—ßß“π‰øøÑ“
®÷ßµâÕߥ”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“ß√–¡—¥√–«—ß ‰¡à„Àâ¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ
°“√„™â πÈ” „π°“√∫√‘ ‚ ¿§Õÿ ª ‚¿§¢Õߪ√–™“™π·≈–°“√
™≈ª√–∑“π¢Õß¿“§‡°…µ√°√√¡ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷ߧ«√»÷°…“
§«“¡‡ªì 𠉪‰¥â ∑’Ë ® –≈¥º≈°√–∑∫∑“ß ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡≈ß
„Àâ Õ ¬Ÿà „ π√–¥— ∫ ∑’Ë ¬ Õ¡√— ∫ ‰¥â √— ∫ øí ß §«“¡§‘ ¥ ‡ÀÁ π ®“°
ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠·≈–π—°«‘™“°“√∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕßÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß
‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ¡’ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ∑’Ë   ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å  “¡“√∂¥”‡π‘ π °“√Õ¬à “ ß
√Õ∫§Õ∫¢÷È π ‡°‘ ¥ º≈∑“ß∫«°·°à ‡ »√…∞°‘ ® ·≈– — ß §¡
¢Õߪ√–‡∑»Õ¬à“ß·∑â®√‘ß „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á “¡“√∂„™â
ª√–‚¬™πå ® “°·À≈à ß πÈ” ‡À≈à “ π’È · °â ªí ≠ À“æ≈— ß ß“π¢Õß
ª√–‡∑»‰¥â
®“°§«“¡ ”§—≠¥—ß°≈à“« §≥–°√√¡°“√Õ”π«¬-
°“√®—¥°“√ —¡¡π“∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
‡√◊ËÕß °“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√πÈ” ´÷Ë߉¥â·µàßµ—Èß®“°√“™-
∫—≥±‘µ·≈–¿“§’ ¡“™‘°∑—Èß Û  ”π—° §≥–ºŸâ∫√‘À“√·≈–
¢â“√“™°“√¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π (¥—ß√“¬™◊ËÕ∑’˪√“°Ø
∑⓬∫∑§«“¡) ‡æ◊ËÕÀ“¢âÕ √ÿª∑“ß«‘™“°“√∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
°“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√πÈ” ‡ πÕµàÕ√—∞∫“≈·≈–‡º¬·æ√à
·°à ª √–™“™π ®÷ ß ‰¥â √à « ¡¡◊ Õ °— ∫  ”π— ° ß“π°Õß∑ÿ π
 π—∫ πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬ ( °«.) ®—¥°“√ª√–™ÿ¡«‘™“°“√‡√◊ËÕß
ç°“√„™â ª √–‚¬™πå ® “°∑√— æ ¬“°√πÈ” „π°“√º≈‘ µ
æ≈—ßß“π‰øøÑ“é ¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π®—π∑√å∑’Ë ˜  ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.».
ÚıÙ˘ ≥ ÀâÕß°¡≈∑‘æ¬å ‚√ß·√¡ ¬“¡´‘µ’È °√ÿ߇∑æœ
‡æ◊ËÕ√–¥¡ ¡Õß®“°ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠ π—°«‘®—¬ π—°«‘™“°“√¥â“π
æ≈—ßπÈ” ·≈–ºŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß √«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√
ª√–‡¡‘ π »— ° ¬¿“æ°“√º≈‘ µ æ≈— ß ß“π‰øøÑ “ ®“°æ≈— ß πÈ”
¢π“¥‡≈Á°·≈–¢π“¥„À≠à∑—Èß„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–ª√–‡∑»
‡æ◊Ë Õ π∫â “ π∑’Ë   “¡“√∂„™â º ≈‘ µ æ≈— ß ß“π‰øøÑ “  ”À√— ∫
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ¡“‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß ”À√—∫°“√æ—≤π“æ≈—ßπÈ”
„À⇰‘¥ª√–‚¬™πå Ÿß ÿ¥ ¡’º≈°√–∑∫∑“ß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡πâÕ¬
∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈–≈¥ªí≠À“ —ߧ¡∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√æ—≤π“·À≈àßπÈ”
‡À≈à“π’È„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫µË”∑’Ë ÿ¥
ºŸâ‡¢â“√à«¡°“√ª√–™ÿ¡«‘™“°“√§√—Èßπ’Ȫ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
√“™∫—≥±‘µ ¿“§’ ¡“™‘° ºŸâ∫√‘À“√ ·≈–¢â“√“™°“√¢Õß
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ºŸâ∫√‘À“√·≈–‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß  °«.
π—°«‘™“°“√·≈–ºŸâ‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß ®”π«πª√–¡“≥ ÒÛ §π
À—«¢âÕ∑’Ë∫√√¬“¬¡’¥—ßπ’È
Ò.  √ÿ ª ª√–‡¥Á π  ”§— ≠ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√æ— ≤ π“
‰øøÑ“æ≈—ßπÈ” ”À√—∫ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‚¥¬ ». ¥√.ª√’¥“
«‘ ∫Ÿ ≈ ¬å   «—   ¥‘Ï √“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ª√–∏“π°√√¡°“√π‚¬∫“¬
°Õß∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬
Ú. π‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπæ—≤π“æ≈—ßπÈ”¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
‚¥¬ π“¬∫ÿ≠ àß ‡°‘¥°≈“ß √ÕߺŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ ”π—°ß“π
π‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπæ≈—ßß“π °√–∑√«ßæ≈—ßß“π
Û. °“√æ—≤𓂧√ß°“√æ≈—ßπÈ”¢π“¥‡≈Á° ‚¥¬
Õ∏‘∫¥’°√¡æ—≤π“æ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π·≈–Õπÿ√—°…åæ≈—ßß“π
Ù. ‚§√ß°“√‡¢◊ËÕπæ≈—ßπÈ”„π·¡àπÈ”‚¢ß√–À«à“ß
≈“«°— ∫ ‰∑¬ ‚¥¬ π“¬Õ¥ÿ≈ ©“¬Õ√ÿ≥ ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√
 ”π—°æ—≤π“æ≈—ßß“π °√¡æ—≤π“æ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π·≈–
Õπÿ√—°…åæ≈—ßß“π
ı. °“√®— ¥ °“√‚§√ß°“√‡¢◊Ë Õ πª“°¡Ÿ ≈ ‚¥¬
𓬫—π™—¬ ª√–‰æ ÿ«√√≥ ºŸâ™à«¬ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ΩÉ“¬ ”√«®
∑’Ë ¥‘ π æ≈— ß πÈ” ºŸâ · ∑πºŸâ «à “ °“√°“√‰øøÑ “ ΩÉ “ ¬º≈‘ µ ·Àà ß
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
214
ˆ. ‚§√ß°“√‡¢◊Ë Õ ππÈ” À¡— π ·≈–πÈ”  “π ‚¥¬
π“¬æ’√–™—¬ ®√√¬“æ√«—≤πå ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ ”π—°ß“π
‚§√ß°“√摇»… Ò ºŸâ·∑πºŸâ«à“°“√°“√‰øøÑ“ à«π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§
˜. °√≥’ »÷ ° …“‡¢◊Ë Õ πæ≈— ß πÈ” „πª√–‡∑»≈“«
‚¥¬ π“ß ÿæ®’ π‘≈Õÿ∫≈ °ß ÿ≈°‘µµ‘¡»—°¥‘Ï «’‡¥πª√–®”
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
¯. °“√ª√–‡¡‘π»—°¬¿“æ¢Õßæ≈—ßπÈ”¢π“¥‡≈Á°
‡æ◊ÕË º≈‘µæ≈—ßß“π‰øøÑ“„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‚¥¬ √».™—¬¬ÿ∑∏
™‘π≥–√“»’ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“∏π∫ÿ√’
˘. °“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√‚§√ß°“√æ≈—ßπÈ”¢π“¥
‡≈Á°„π™π∫∑ ‚¥¬ 𓬩—µ√¥π—¬ ©—µ√æ≈√—°…å ∫√‘…—∑
Able Consultant
Ò. º≈°√–∑∫¢Õ߇¢◊ËÕπµàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π
‚¥¬ ». ¥√. æ≠.»»‘∏√ ºŸâ°ƒµ¬“§“¡’ ¿“§’ ¡“™‘° ·≈–
». ¥√. πæ.ª≥µ ¡‘§–‡ π √“™∫—≥±‘µ
√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß∫∑§«“¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥·≈–º≈ √ÿª∑’ˉ¥â
®“°°“√ª√–™ÿ¡π’È √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‰¥â√«∫√«¡®—¥æ‘¡æå
‡ªìπ«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ©∫—∫‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–‡®â “ Õ¬Ÿà À— « „π‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë ∑ √ߧ√Õß
 ‘√‘√“™ ¡∫—µ‘§√∫ ˆ ªï ‚¥¬„™â‡√◊ËÕß«à“ ç∑√—欓°√πÈ”
‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“°“√º≈‘µ°”≈—ßß“π (Water Resources for
Development Power Generation)é πÕ°®“°π’È „π æ.».
Úıı ®–¥”‡π‘π°“√®—¥∑”«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
©∫— ∫ ‡©≈‘ ¡ æ√–‡°’ ¬ √µ‘ æ √–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–‡®â “ Õ¬Ÿà À— «
„π‚Õ°“ ∑√߇®√‘ ≠ æ√–™π¡æ√√…“§√∫ ¯ æ√√…“
‡√◊ËÕß ç∑√—欓°√πÈ”°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈–‡»√…∞°‘® ‚¥¬∑’Ë
 ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊ÕߢÕß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
‡ªìπºŸâ√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ ·≈–«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ©∫—∫
‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘œ ‡√◊ËÕß ç∑√—欓°√πÈ”°—∫™’«‘µé ‚¥¬∑’Ë
 ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡‡ªìπºŸâ√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ ∑—Èßπ’È √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
®–‰¥âπ”Àπ—ß ◊Õ∑—Èß Û ‡≈à¡¥—ß°≈à“« ∑Ÿ≈‡°≈â“œ ∂«“¬
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« ·≈–‡ πÕ§«“¡‡ÀÁπµàÕ
√— ∞ ∫“≈ √«¡∑—È ß ·®°®à “ ¬‰ª¬— ß Àπà « ¬ß“π  ∂“∫— π °“√
»÷°…“·≈–Õߧå°√∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕßµàÕ‰ª.
√“¬ß“πº≈°“√ª√–™ÿ¡«‘™“°“√ ‡√◊ËÕß
°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π宓°∑√—欓°√πÈ”„π°“√º≈‘µæ≈—ßß“π‰øøÑ“
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

√“¬™◊ËÕ§≥–°√√¡°“√Õ”π«¬°“√®—¥°“√ —¡¡π“∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
‡√◊ËÕß °“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√πÈ”

Ò. ». ¥√.™—¬Õπ—πµå  ¡ÿ∑«≥‘™ 𓬰√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ∑’ªË √÷°…“

Ú. ». ¥√.°“≠®π“ 𓧠°ÿ≈ Õÿªπ“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ∑’ªË √÷°…“
Û. ». ¥√.ª°√≥å Õ¥ÿ≈æ—π∏ÿå Õÿªπ“¬°√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ª√–∏“π°√√¡°“√
Ù. ».‰æ±Ÿ√¬å æß»–∫ÿµ√ ª√–∏“π ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß °√√¡°“√
ı. ». ¥√. πæ.ª≥µ ¡‘§–‡ π ª√–∏“π ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å °√√¡°“√
ˆ. ».»√’ ÿ√“ߧå æŸ≈∑√—æ¬å ª√–∏“π ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ °√√¡°“√
˜. ». ¥√.ª√’¥“ «‘∫Ÿ≈¬å «— ¥‘Ï √“™∫—≥±‘µ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å °√√¡°“√
¯. ». ¥√.ª√–‡ √‘∞ «‘∑¬“√—∞ √“™∫—≥±‘µ ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß °√√¡°“√
˘. ¥√. —π∑—¥ ‚√®π ÿπ∑√ √“™∫—≥±‘µ ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å °√√¡°“√
Ò. ». ¥√.𑬖¥“ ‡À≈à“ ÿπ∑√ √“™∫—≥±‘µ ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ °√√¡°“√
ÒÒ. π“ß®‘πµπ“ æ—π∏ÿøí° ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π °√√¡°“√
ÒÚ. π“¬¡“𑵬å ∑Õß Õπ √Õ߇≈¢“∏‘°“√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π °√√¡°“√
ÒÛ. ». πæ.π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π °√√¡°“√
ÒÙ. ºŸâ·∑π°√¡ª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å °√√¡°“√
Òı. π“ß “«»‘√‘æ√ Õ‘π∑√‡™’¬√»‘√‘ ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√°Õß∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß °√√¡°“√
Òˆ. π“ß “« “«‘µ√’ · π «à“ß ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√°Õß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å °√√¡°“√
Ò˜. π“ß “«°π°«≈’ ™Ÿ™—¬¬– ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√°Õß»‘≈ª°√√¡ °√√¡°“√
Ò¯. π“ßπ—¬π“ «√“Õ—»«ªµ‘ π—°«√√≥»‘≈ªá ¯« ‡≈¢“πÿ°“√
Ò˘. π“¬æ√√…“ ‰∑√ß“¡ π—°«√√≥»‘≈ªá ı ºŸâ™à«¬‡≈¢“πÿ°“√

ª°√≥å Õ¥ÿ≈æ—π∏ÿå
215
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

Õ—»π’¬å ™ŸÕ√ÿ≥
√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–¿“§’ ¡“™‘° √“™∫—≥±‘µ  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡
√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
°—∫«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π  ”√«¬ π—°°“√‡√’¬π
æ√√…“ ‰∑√ß“¡
æ.». ÚıÙ˘ °Õß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å √“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π

»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√. πæ. ¡™— ¬ ∫«√°‘ µ µ‘ Õ¥’ µ °“≠®π“ 𓧠°ÿ≈ (»)

∫√√≥“∏‘ ° “√«“√ “√√“™∫— ≥ ±‘ µ ¬ ∂“π ºŸâ ª √— ∫ ª√ÿ ß ‡√“‚™§¥’∑’Ë¡’¿“…“‰∑¬ Àπâ“ ÛÛÙ-ÛÛı
«“√ “√„π —ß°—¥√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π„À⇪ìπ«“√ “√«‘™“
°“√√Ÿª·∫∫ “°≈ ¥—ߪ√“°Ø„πªí®®ÿ∫—𠉥â√«∫√«¡º≈ °’√µ‘ ∫ÿ≠‡®◊Õ (∏)
ß“π¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–¿“§’ ¡“™‘°∑’Ë≈ßæ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à (Ò)  — ß  “√«— Ø „πª√— ™ ≠“¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘  
„π«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π·µà≈–ªï𔇠πÕÒ, Ú ¥â«¬®ÿ¥ Àπâ“ Ò¯Ù-Ò¯˘
¡ÿà ß À¡“¬‡æ◊Ë Õ · ¥ß°“√ π— ∫  πÿ π ¢Õßπ— ° «‘ ™ “°“√¢Õß (Ú) §«“¡À≈ÿ¥æâπ„πª√—™≠“¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ 
 ∂“∫—π π—∫‡ªìπ°‘®°√√¡∑’ˇªìπª√–‚¬™πå ¡§«√¥”‡π‘π Àπâ“ Ò˘¯-ÒÒÛˆ
µàÕ‰ª ∫∑§«“¡π’ȇ πÕº≈ß“π¢Õß√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–¿“§’
 ¡“™‘°∑’Ëæ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à„π«“√ “√∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ®”πߧå ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘∞ (∏)
ÚıÙ˘ ∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  π—°ª√“™≠废⬑Ëß„À≠à¢Õß‚≈° Àπâ“
§”¬àÕ : ∏ =  ”π—°∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß ˜Ú¯-˜Û
« =  ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
» =  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ ®‘πµπ“ ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘» (»)
°“√ª–∑–∑“ߧ«“¡§‘¥„ππ«π‘¬“¬‡√◊ËÕß ç‰ºà·¥ßé
°ƒ…Æ“ Õ√ÿ≥«ß…å ≥ Õ¬ÿ∏¬“ (») Àπâ“ ¯Ú-¯ÛÒ
(Ò)  ∂“ªí µ ¬°√√¡ª√–™“π‘ ¬ ¡ (Populist
Architecture) Àπâ“ Ú˘-ÚÒ˜ ©—µ√™—¬ æß»åª√–¬Ÿ√ (∏)
(Ú) «‘  — ¬ ∑— » πå ° “√æ— ≤ π“°√ÿ ß ‡∑æ¡À“π§√ (Ò) ¿Ÿ¡‘»“ µ√å·∫∫¡“°´å Àπâ“ ÒıÚ-Òˆ˜
Àπâ“ ÙÒı-ÙÚ˘ (Ú) ¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§·≈–∑âÕß∂‘Ëππ‘¬¡„π ¡—¬‚≈°“¿‘«—µπå
(Û) ·π«§‘ ¥ ∑“ß ∂“ªí µ ¬°√√¡¢ÕßÀ¡à Õ ¡‡®â “ Àπâ“ ÒÚÛ-ÒÚÙ
Õ‘∑∏‘‡∑æ √√§å °ƒ¥“°√ Àπâ“ ˜¯ı-˜˘

Ò
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ÚıÙ¯;Û:Ú˘Ú-Û¯.
Ú
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ÚıÙ˘;ÛÒ:ÛÒ-ÛÒÙ.

√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–¿“§’ ¡“™‘°
°—∫«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙ˘
216

™≈¥“ ‡√◊Õß√—°…å≈‘¢‘µ (»)
(Ò) §«“¡À¡“¬„π ç∫∑·ª≈ß°“¬“é ¢Õß°«‘π ’ µ‘
(‰¡à) «‘ª≈“  Àπâ“ ıˆÛ-ı˜˘
(Ú) §«“¡Ωíπ°—∫‡Àµÿ¥’‡Àµÿ√⓬„π«√√≥§¥’‰∑¬
Àπâ“ ˜˘˘-¯Ò˘
™—¬Õπ—πµå  ¡ÿ∑«≥‘™ (∏)
°“√· ¥ßª“∞°∂“‡√◊Ë Õ ßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ® æ√–‡®â “
Õ¬ŸàÀ—«°—∫§«“¡Õ¬Ÿà¥’¡’ ÿ¢„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬ Àπâ“ Ù-¯
‰æ±Ÿ√¬å æß»–∫ÿµ√ (∏)
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«°—∫æ√–ª√’™“≠“≥
¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ Àπâ“ ˘¯˘-˘˘˜
≥—™™“ ‚ §µ‘¬“πÿ√—°…å (»)
(Ò) ∑“ß·ª√¥πµ√’ Àπâ“ ÚÙ¯-Úˆ
(Ú) æ√–ª√’ ™ “≠“≥¥â “ π¥πµ√’ „ πæ√–∫“∑
 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« Àπâ“ ÒÚ-ÒÚÚ
‡¥™“ ∫ÿ≠§È” (»)
º— ß À≈— ° Õÿ ∑ ¬“π«‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å æ √–®Õ¡‡°≈â “ ≥
À«â“°Õ Àπâ“ ıÙÒ-ııÛ
∑»æ√ «ß»å√—µπå («)
(Ò)  ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡√◊ËÕߧ”À—«ªÉ“°å·≈–À—«ªÉ“ Àπâ“
Ú˜¯-Ú˜˘
(Ú) ª√–«—µ‘°“√‡≈’Ȭߪ≈“∑Õß Àπâ“ ıÒˆ-ıÙ
(Û) ª√—™≠“ª≈“¢Õߧπ‰∑¬·≈–™“«µ–«—πÕÕ°
Àπâ“ ¯ÙÚ-˘Òˆ
∑‘»π“ ·¢¡¡≥’ (»)
(Ò) «—π‡¥Á°·Ààß™“µ‘ Àπâ“ ÛÙ-Ûı
(Ú) °“√ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑—Èß‚√߇√’¬π : ªí®®—¬
‡Õ◊ÈÕµàÕ§«“¡ ”‡√Á®·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– Àπâ“ ÒÙÚ-ÒıÒ
Õ—»π’¬å ™ŸÕ√ÿ≥ ·≈–§≥–
217
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
πæ¡“» Õÿâßæ√– (∏)
(Ò) ¡À°√√¡ Ÿà°√ÿ߇∑æœ ‡¡◊Õßπà“Õ¬Ÿà : §«“¡
ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π™’«‘µ·≈–∑√—æ¬å ‘π Àπâ“ Ûıı-ÛˆÒ
(Ú) æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸÀà «— ¿Ÿ¡æ‘ ≈Õ¥ÿ≈¬-
‡¥™°—∫§«“¡Õ¬Ÿà¥’¡’ ÿ¢„π —ߧ¡ : ¡ÿ¡¡Õß∑“ß®‘µ«‘∑¬“
 —ߧ¡ Àπâ“ ˆıˆ-ˆ˜
𑵬“ °“≠®π–«√√≥ (»)
(Ò) °“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬À√◊ÕÕ—°…√∫Õ°‡ ’¬ß Ÿß
µË”„π§”∑—∫»—æ∑宓°¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… Àπâ“ ÚˆÒ-Úˆ¯
(Ú) À¡«¥§”ªî¥ Àπâ“ ııÙ-ıˆÚ
(Û) °“√∂Õ¥Õ— ° …√‰∑¬‡ªì π Õ— ° …√‚√¡— π °“√
∂Õ¥Õ—°…√ ·≈–°“√∂à“¬‡ ’¬ß‡æ◊ËÕ‚≈°“¿‘«—µπå¢Õß¿“…“
‰∑¬ Àπâ“ ¯ÛÚ-¯ÙÒ
π‘æπ∏å ∑√“¬‡æ™√ («)
¥“«‡ “√å (Saturn) Àπâ“ Ò˘-ÚÒ
π‘æπ∏å æ«ß«√‘π∑√å («)
∫∑§«“¡„π«“√ “√«‘™“°“√ Àπâ“ ˆ˜˜-ˆ˜¯
𑬖¥“ ‡À≈à“ ÿπ∑√ (»)
¿Ÿ¡‘ ∂“π„π‡√◊ËÕßæ√–√“¡™“¥° Àπâ“ ˜˘Ò-˜˘¯
∫√√®∫ ∫√√≥√ÿ®‘ (∏)
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«°—∫æ√–√“™°√≥’¬°‘®
¥â“π°“√»“ π“ Àπâ“ ÚÒ-ÛÛ
ª∞¡“¿√≥å ∫ÿ…ª∏”√ß (∏)
(Ò) ¡‘ µ‘ ∑ “ß«— ≤ π∏√√¡„πß“π — ß §¡ ß‡§√“–Àå
‡™‘ß∫Ÿ√≥“°“√°—∫ —πµ‘¿“æ„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬ Àπâ“ ÛÛˆ-ÛÛ¯
(Ú) ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬∑“ß —ߧ¡ Àπâ“ ÛˆÚ-Ûˆ¯
ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï øŸµ√–°Ÿ≈ («)
‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ‡Àµÿ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√∑”≈“¬‰µ„π
ºŸâªÉ«¬‡∫“À«“π Àπâ“ Ù¯ˆ-Ù˘Ú
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

ª√–‡ √‘∞ ∑Õ߇®√‘≠ («) ¡π—   ÿ«√√≥ (∏)

‚∫∑Ÿ≈‘´÷¡ : ‚√§Õ“À“√‡ªìπæ‘…∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥πà“π Àπâ“ ™π∫∑°—∫ªí≠À“§«“¡¬“°®π : ¡ÿ¡¡Õ߇™‘ß𑇫»
˜˜Ò-˜˜ı «‘∑¬“¡πÿ…¬å Àπâ“ ÒÒÛ˜-ÒÒÙ˘

ª√–‡ √‘∞ «‘∑¬“√—∞ (∏) ¬ß§å«‘¡≈ ‡≈≥∫ÿ√’ («)

(Ò)  ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡∑’Ë ¡’ º ≈µà Õ §«“¡πà “ Õ¬Ÿà ¢ Õß
°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ Àπâ“ ÙÛ-ÙÛˆ
(Ú)  ÷π“¡‘ ‡ª≈◊Õ°‚≈°‡≈◊ËÕπ º≈°√–∑∫ Àπâ“
˜ÛÒ-˜Ù˘
ªî¬π“∂ ∫ÿπ𓧠(∏)
æ√–¥”√‘„π°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“ΩÉ“¬∑À“√¢Õß ¡‡¥Á®œ
‡®â“øÑ“®—°√æß…å¿Ÿ«π“∂ °√¡À≈«ßæ‘»≥ÿ‚≈°ª√–™“π“∂
Àπâ“ ˆı-ÒÙÒ
°“√ √â “ ß·≈–«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå µ— « ·∫∫∑“ߧ≥‘ µ »“ µ√å
¢Õß°“√ √â“ß·≈– ≈“¬°√–¥Ÿ° : º≈¢Õß°“√„Àâ‡Õ ‚∑√‡®π
∑¥·∑π Àπâ“ Ù¯-ıÙ
√◊Ëπƒ∑—¬  —®®æ—π∏ÿå (»)
(Ò) °≈«‘∏’¢Õß°“√‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß„π 燮â“Àß‘≠é Àπâ“
ÚÚ¯-ÚÙ˜
(Ú) «√√≥»‘ ≈ ªá „ π«√√≥°√√¡∑à “ πæÿ ∑ ∏∑“ 
Àπâ“ ˜Ò-˜Ú˜

º≈‘π ¿Ÿà®√Ÿ≠ (∏) «√«ÿ≤‘ À‘√—≠√—°…å (∏)

§«“¡ ”‡√Á®Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π Àπâ“ ˆ˜Ò-ˆ˜Û
‰æ±Ÿ√¬å æß»–∫ÿµ√ (∏)
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«°—∫æ√–ª√’™“≠“≥
¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ Àπâ“ ˘¯˘-˘˘˜
¿—∑√æ√  ‘√‘°“≠®π (∏)
ç§π¥’é µ“¡·π«æ√–√“™¥”√‘„πæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®
æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« Àπâ“ ÛÚÛ-ÛÛÛ
¡ß§≈ ‡¥™π§√‘π∑√å («)
æÿ∑∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æÿ∑∏»“ π“π‘°“¬‡∂√«“∑ ·≈–°“√
ªØ‘√Ÿª¢Õßπ—°π« ¡—¬π‘¬¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ Àπâ“ Ûˆ-Ù˜
Àπâ“ ÛÙÒ-ÛıÙ Àπâ“ ˆ˜˘-˜˘ ·≈–Àπâ“ ÒÚı-
ÒÙ˘
¡≥’«√√≥ °¡≈æ—≤π– («)
 ÿ¢¿“æ √â“ß°“¬ : ∏√√¡– √â“ß„® „Àâ§π°√ÿ߇∑æœ
Àπâ“ Ùˆ-ÙÒÙ
(Ò) °“√æ— ≤ 𓇻√…∞°‘ ® ™ÿ ¡ ™π¢Õß°√ÿ ß ‡∑æ
¡À“π§√‰ª Ÿà ‡ »√…∞°‘ ® æÕ‡æ’ ¬ ßµ“¡·π«æ√–√“™¥”√‘
Àπâ“ Û˜Û-Ùı
(Ú) °“√æ—≤𓇻√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡µ“¡·π«∑“ß
ª√—™≠“‡»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ߢÕßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“-
Õ¬ŸàÀ—« Àπâ“ ˘˘¯-ÒÒ˘
«‘®‘πµπå ¿“≥ÿæß»å (»)
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”»— æ ∑å ∑’Ë „ ™â „ π¿“…“‰∑¬∂‘Ë π
ı ∂‘Ë𠇪√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫§”»—æ∑å∑’Ë„™â„π¿“…“‰∑¬°√ÿ߇∑æ
Àπâ“ ÒÚˆ-ÒÚÚˆ
«‘√ÿ≥ µ—È߇®√‘≠ (»)
»‘≈ª–·≈–≈—∑∏‘À≈—ß ¡—¬„À¡à Àπâ“ ˜˜ˆ-˜¯Ù
«ÿ≤‘™—¬ ¡Ÿ≈»‘≈ªá (∏)
æ— ≤ π“°“√∑“ß°“√»÷ ° …“¢Õ߉∑¬  ¡— ¬ √— ™ °“≈
∑’Ë ı °—∫≠’˪ÿÉπ  ¡—¬‡¡®‘ : °“√«‘‡§√“–À凪√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫
Àπâ“ ÒÒı-ÒÒ˜ˆ

√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–¿“§’ ¡“™‘°
°—∫«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙ˘
218

»√’ ÿ√“ߧå æŸ≈∑√—æ¬å (»)
(Ò) Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈¢Õß¡À“°“æ¬å √ “¡“¬≥– µà Õ
«— ≤ π∏√√¡‰∑¬ :  ∂“∫— π æ√–¡À“°…— µ √‘ ¬å «√√≥§¥’
«‘®‘µ√»‘≈ªá ·≈–»‘≈ª–°“√· ¥ß Àπâ“ Úˆ˘-Ú˜˜
(Ú) ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬π—Èπ‡ªìπ©—π„¥ Àπâ“ ˆ˜Ù-
ˆ˜ˆ
 π—Ë𠉙¬“πÿ°ÿ≈ (∏)
§«“¡°—ß«≈·≈–«‘∏’·°â Àπâ“ ÒÚÙ˘-ÒÚıˆ
 ¡§«√ °«’¬– (∏)
∑ƒ…Æ’§«“¡‡ªìπÀπ÷Ë߇¥’¬« Àπâ“ Òı¯-Ò˘˜
 ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ («)
(Ò) ¡’ § «“¡®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß„™â ∫ÿ √ æ∫∑π”Àπâ “ §”
π“¡¢¬“¬À√◊Õ‰¡à Àπâ“ Ú¯-Ú¯Ò
(Ú) ®√‘¬∏√√¡·æ∑¬åªí®®ÿ∫—π (Current Medical
Ethics) Àπâ“ ÛÛ˘-ÛÙ
(Û) ∫∑§«“¡„π«“√ “√«‘™“°“√ Àπâ“ ˆ˜˜-
ˆ˜¯
(Ù) »— æ ∑å  — ∫  π : caecum, colon, irritble
bowel syndrome, irritable colon syndrome ‚√§
≈”‰ â·ª√ª√«π, ‚√§≈”‰ âÀßÿ¥Àß‘¥ Àπâ“ ˘ˆˆ
(ı) »—æ∑å —∫ π : Cavity ™àÕß À√◊Õ ‚æ√ß Àπâ“
ÒÚı
 ¡™“µ‘ ‚ ¿≥√≥ƒ∑∏‘Ï («)
Õ‘ ∑ ∏‘ æ ≈¢Õ߇°≈◊ Õ µà Õ °“√Õ∫·Àâ ß ‡π◊È Õ À¡Ÿ ‚ ¥¬„™â
‰ÕπÈ”√âÕ𬫥¬‘Ëß Àπâ“ Ù˘Û-ı˜
 ¡»—°¥‘Ï ¥”√ߧå‡≈‘» («)
°“√¬à Õ ¬ ≈“¬æÕ≈‘ ‡ Õ∑‘ ≈’ π ‡∑‡√ø∑“‡≈µ¥â « ¬µ— «
‡√à߉¥∫‘«∑‘≈∑‘πÕÕ°‰´¥å·≈–®≈π»“ µ√å°“√¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬
Àπâ“ ıı-ˆÙ
Õ—»π’¬å ™ŸÕ√ÿ≥ ·≈–§≥–
219
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı
 «— ¥‘Ï µ—πµ√–√—µπå («)
°“√æ—≤π“Õÿª°√≥å‚∑√»—æ∑凧≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë„πª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬ Àπâ“ ÒÒ¯˜-ÒÒ˘¯
 —≠™—¬  ÿ«—ß∫ÿµ√ (∏)
‰¡π姗¡æøá (Mein Kampf) Àπ—ß ◊ÕµâÕßÀâ“¡·Ààß
§√‘ µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ú Àπâ“ Òˆ¯-Ò¯Û
 —𵑠‡≈Á° ÿ¢ÿ¡ (»)
´ÿ⡪√–µŸ-Àπ⓵à“ß : ß“¡¥â«¬§«“¡À¡“¬‡™‘ß
 —≠≈—°…≥å°—∫ß“¡‡™‘ߪ√–¥—∫ Àπâ“ ÒÒ˘˘-ÒÚı
 “¬™≈ ‡°µÿ…“ («)
(Ò) §«“¡‡ ’ ¬ ¢Õߺ— ° ·≈–º≈‰¡â ‡ π◊Ë Õ ß®“°°“√
‡°Á∫√—°…“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µË” Àπâ“ Ù˜Û-Ù¯ı
(Ú) °“√∫ࡺ≈‰¡â„Àâ ÿ° Àπâ“ ÒÒ˜˜-ÒÒ¯ˆ
 ‘∑∏“ æ‘π‘®¿Ÿ«¥≈ (»)
≈— ° …≥–§«“¡≈”‡§Á ≠ ¢Õßµ— « ≈–§√ ”§— ≠ „π
π«π‘¬“¬Ω√—Ë߇» ‡√◊ËÕß ç§π≈”‡§Á≠é (les Misérables)
‡¢’¬π‚¥¬ «‘°µÕ√å ÕŸ‚° (Victor Hugo) Àπâ“ ÚÒ¯-ÚÚ˜
 ‘√‘«—≤πå «ß…å»‘√‘ («)
º÷ÈßÀ≈«ß (Apis dorsata) °—∫§π°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√
Àπâ“ ı¯-ıÒı
 ‘«≈’ »‘√‘‰≈ (∏)
(Ò) §«“¡Õ¬Ÿà¥’¡’ ÿ¢¢Õß™’«‘µ¡πÿ…¬å (Well-Bing
of Human Life) Àπâ“ Ûˆ˘-Û˜Ú
(Ú) æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√߇ªì𮑵
«‘≠≠“≥¢Õß™“«‰∑¬ Àπâ“ ˆıÒ-ˆıı
 ÿ¡π Õ¡√«‘«—≤πå (∏)
æ√–ª√’™“≠“≥„πæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«
‡°’ˬ«°—∫°√–∫«π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ Àπâ“ ÛÒˆ-ÛÚÚ
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007
‡ ∞’¬√æß…å «√√≥ª° (∏)
æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸÀà «— ¿Ÿ¡æ‘ ≈Õ¥ÿ≈¬‡¥™ æ√–
ºŸâ∑√߇ªìπÕÿ∫“ °√—µπ– Àπâ“ Òˆ-Ú
Õ¥‘»—°¥å ∑Õß∫ÿ≠ (∏)
(Ò) æ√–∏√√¡‘°√“™°—∫§«“¡Õ¬Ÿà¥’¡’ ÿ¢„π —ߧ¡
‰∑¬ Àπâ“ ˘-Òı
(Ú) «“∑– ”§—≠¢Õß∑à“πæÿ∑∏∑“  Àπâ“ Òı-
Òı˜
Õ¿‘™“µ‘ «ß»å·°â« (»)
§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õߪ√–™“°√ §«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß
Õ“§“√„π°“√®—¥∑”º—߇¡◊Õß Àπâ“ ÙÛ˜-ÙÙˆ
220
Õ√ÿ≥ ™—¬‡ √’ («)
Õ—πµ√“¬®“°°“√°àÕ √â“ßÕ“§“√¢π“¥„À≠à À√◊Õ
Õ“§“√ Ÿß„°≈â∫â“π∑à“π Àπâ“ ÚÚ-Ú¯
 √ÿª·≈–«‘®“√≥å
„π«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙ˘  ”π—°
∏√√¡»“ µ√å·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß ¡’®”π«π∫∑§«“¡·≈–ºŸâπ‘æπ∏å
¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‚¥¬¡’∫∑§«“¡ ÛÒ ‡√◊ËÕß ºŸâπ‘æπ∏å ÚÛ §π
Õ—π¥—∫√Õ߉¥â·°à  ”π—°»‘≈ª°√√¡ ¡’∫∑§«“¡ Úı ‡√◊ËÕß
ºŸâπ‘æπ∏å Òˆ §π ·≈– ”π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡’∫∑§«“¡
ÚÚ ‡√◊ËÕß ®“°ºŸâπ‘æπ∏å Òı §π.
√“™∫—≥±‘µ·≈–¿“§’ ¡“™‘°
°—∫«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙ˘
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

§”™’·È ®ß
°“√‡µ√’¬¡µâπ©∫—∫∫∑§«“¡

§≥–ºŸâ®—¥∑”«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π‰¥â®—¥∑”§”™’È·®ß°“√‡µ√’¬¡µâπ©∫—∫∫∑§«“¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß ”À√—∫
ºŸâ∑’˪√– ß§å®–µ’æ‘¡æå∫∑§«“¡„π«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ¥—ßπ’È
Ò. °“√ àßµâπ©∫—∫
- „Àâ àßµâπ©∫—∫®√‘ß Ò ™ÿ¥ ·≈– ”‡π“ Ò ™ÿ¥ æ√âÕ¡·ºàπ∫—π∑÷° (diskette) À√◊Õ·ºàπ´’¥’ (CD)
- ™◊ËÕ ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà ·≈–‚∑√»—æ∑å¢ÕߺŸâπ‘æπ∏å
Ú. §«“¡¬“«∫∑§«“¡ ‰¡à‡°‘π‡√◊ËÕß≈– Ú Àπâ“ √«¡¿“æª√–°Õ∫·≈–µ“√“ß
Û. °“√æ‘¡æå æ‘¡æå„π°√–¥“…¢π“¥ A4 ®—¥°—ÈπÀπâ“·≈–°—Èπ∫π Ò π‘È« °—ÈπÀ≈—ß·≈–°—Èπ≈à“ß .ı π‘È«
- ™◊ËÕ‡√◊ËÕß §«√ —Èπ °–∑—¥√—¥ ·≈– ◊ËÕ§«“¡À¡“¬ ¡’∑—Èß™◊ËÕ¿“…“‰∑¬·≈–¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… æ‘¡æå¥â«¬·∫∫Õ—°…√
Angsana ¢π“¥ Ú point À√◊Õ‡∑’¬∫‡∑à“ æ√âÕ¡®—¥√Ÿª·∫∫µ—«‡¢â¡ µ—«‡Õ’¬ß œ≈œ
- ™◊Ë Õ ºŸâ π‘ æ π∏å ¡’™◊ËÕ·≈–Àπ૬ߓπ¢ÕߺŸâπ‘æπ∏å ∑—Èß¿“…“‰∑¬·≈–¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… æ‘¡æå¥â«¬·∫∫Õ—°…√
Angsana ¢π“¥ Òˆ point À√◊Õ‡∑’¬∫‡∑à“
- À—«¢âÕ‡√◊ËÕß æ‘¡æå¥â«¬·∫∫Õ—°…√ Angsana ¢π“¥ Ò¯ point À√◊Õ‡∑’¬∫‡∑à“ æ√âÕ¡®—¥√Ÿª·∫∫µ—«‡¢â¡
µ—«‡Õ’¬ß œ≈œ
- ‡π◊ÈÕ‡√◊ËÕß æ‘¡æå¥â«¬·∫∫Õ—°…√ Angsana ¢π“¥ Òˆ point À√◊Õ‡∑’¬∫‡∑à“ æ√âÕ¡®—¥√Ÿª·∫∫µ—«‡¢â¡
µ—«‡Õ’¬ß œ≈œ ¬àÕÀπâ“·√°„π·µà≈–∫√√∑—¥ .ı π‘È« ‰¡à‡æ‘Ë¡√–¬–√–À«à“ß∫√√∑—¥„π°“√¢÷Èπ¬àÕÀπâ“„À¡à
Ù. ∫∑§—¥¬àÕ ∑ÿ°‡√◊ËÕßµâÕß¡’∑—Èß¿“…“‰∑¬·≈–¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… §«“¡¬“«‰¡à‡°‘π Ò Àπâ“ æ‘¡æå¥â«¬·∫∫Õ—°…√
Angsana ¢π“¥ ÒÙ point À√◊Õ‡∑’¬∫‡∑à“ æ√âÕ¡§”À≈—° (keyword) Õ¬à“ß≈–ª√–¡“≥ ı §”
ı. ¿“æª√–°Õ∫ (∂â“¡’) À“°‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â¢Õ„Àâ àß¿“æµâπ©∫—∫ ‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡§¡™—¥ «¬ß“¡ (´÷Ëß®–§◊π„Àâ¿“¬À≈—ß)
À√◊Õ scan ≈ß„π·ºàπ´’¥’ (CD)
ˆ. ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπ ®–„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬«√√§µÕπÀ√◊Õ‰¡à„™â°Á‰¥â ·µà∂â“„™â®–µâÕ߇ªìπ‰ªµ“¡À≈—°‡°≥±å
∑’Ë√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π°”Àπ¥
˜. °“√∑—∫»—æ∑å·≈–°“√„™â»—æ∑å∫—≠≠—µ‘
µâÕ߇ªìπ‰ªµ“¡À≈—°‡°≥±å∑’Ë√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π°”Àπ¥
¯. °“√‡¢’¬π –°¥°“√—πµå µâÕ߇ªìπ‰ªµ“¡æ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙÚ
˘. °‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“» (∂â“¡’) ‰¡à‡°‘π Ò/Ú Àπâ“
Ò. °“√‡¢’¬π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß ¡’¥—ßπ’È

§”™’È·®ß°“√‡µ√’¬¡µâπ©∫—∫∫∑§«“¡
221
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand

Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007

Ò.Ò ·∫∫‡™‘ßÕ√√∂ (footnote)

„À℠ൗ«‡≈¢°”°—∫µ“¡≈”¥—∫‰«â„π‡π◊ÈÕ‡√◊ËÕßÀπⓇ¥’¬«°—π°—∫°“√Õâ“ß∂÷ß ·≈–µâÕß¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥ Õ“∑‘
™◊ËÕºŸâπ‘æπ∏å∑ÿ°§π (∂Ⓡ°‘π ˆ §π„À⇵‘¡ ç·≈–§≥–é µàÕ™◊ËÕ§π∑’Ë ˆ) ™◊ËÕ‡√◊ËÕß ™◊ËÕ¬àÕ¢Õß«“√ “√À√◊Õ™◊ËÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ À√◊Õ
™◊ËÕ ‘Ëßæ‘¡æå æ√âÕ¡√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß ‘Ëßæ‘¡æåπ—Èπ Ê ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟âÕà“π “¡“√∂‰ª§âπÀ“Õà“π‰¥â

µ—«Õ¬à“ß
Ò
π‘ æ π∏å ∑√“¬‡æ™√, 祓«‡ “√å (Saturn),é „π «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ÛÒ (¡°√“§¡-¡’π“§¡
ÚıÙ˘) : Ò˘-ÚÒ.

Ò.Ú ·∫∫∑⓬∫∑§«“¡ (end-note) ¡’ Û ·∫∫

Ò.Ú.Ò ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß (references) „À℠ൗ«‡≈¢°”°—∫µ“¡≈”¥—∫‰«â„π‡π◊ÈÕ‡√◊ËÕß ·≈–µâÕß¡’
√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥ Õ“∑‘ ™◊ËÕºŸâπ‘æπ∏å∑ÿ°§π (∂Ⓡ°‘π ˆ §π„À⇵‘¡ ç·≈–§≥–é µàÕ™◊ËÕ§π∑’Ë ˆ) ™◊ËÕ‡√◊ËÕß ™◊ËÕ¬àÕ¢Õß«“√ “√
À√◊Õ™◊ËÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ À√◊Õ™◊ËÕ ‘Ëßæ‘¡æå æ√âÕ¡√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß ‘Ëßæ‘¡æåπ—Èπ Ê „ à‰«â„π∑⓬∫∑§«“¡

µ—«Õ¬à“ß
Ò. ‡°√’¬ß»—°¥‘Ï ®’√–·æ∑¬å. °“√„Àâ “√πÈ”·≈–‡°≈◊Õ·√à. „π: ¡πµ√’ µŸ®â π‘ ¥“, «‘π¬—  ÿ«µ— ∂’, Õ√ÿ≥ «ß…å®√‘ “…Æ√å,
ª√–Õ√ ™«≈‘µ∏”√ß, æ‘¿æ ®‘√¿‘≠‚≠ (∫√√≥“∏‘°“√). °ÿ¡“√‡«™»“ µ√å. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë Ú. °√ÿ߇∑æ
¡À“π§√ : ‡√◊Õπ·°â«°“√æ‘¡æå; ÚıÙ. Àπâ“ ÙÚÙ-˜.
Ú. Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis (serial online)
1995 Jan-Mar (cited 1966 June 5); 1(1): [24 screens]. Available from URL: http://
www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm
Û. ∏ß™—¬  —πµ‘«ß…å. Õߧ尓√·≈–°“√∫√‘À“√ ©∫—∫·°â‰¢ª√—∫ª√ÿß. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë ˜. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ :
‰∑¬«—≤π“æ“π‘™; ÚıÛı.
Ù. «‘∑¬“  «— ¥‘«ÿ≤‘æß»å, æ—™√’ ‡ß‘πµ√“, ª√“≥’ ¡À“»—°¥‘Ïæ—π∏å, ©«’«√√≥ ‡™“«°’√µ‘æß»å, ¬ÿ«¥’ µ“∑‘æ¬å.
°“√ ”√«®§«“¡§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡·≈–°“√„™â∫√‘°“√µ√«®À“¡–‡√Áߧա¥≈Ÿ°„π µ√’. «.«‘™“°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢
ÚıÙÒ; ˜: Ú-ˆ.
ı. Parkin DM, Clayton D, Black RJ, Masuyer E, Friedl HP, Ivanov E, et al. Childhood leukemia
in Europe after Chernobyl: 5 year follow-up. Br J Cancer 1996; 73: 1006-12.

§”™’È·®ß°“√‡µ√’¬¡µâπ©∫—∫∫∑§«“¡
222
 «“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. Úıı

Ò.Ú.Ú ∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ (bibliography) ‡ªìπ‡Õ° “√ ”§—≠∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫∫∑§«“¡ π”¡“„ à‰«â

‡∑à“∑’Ë√«∫√«¡¡“‰¥â‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå·°àπ—°«‘™“°“√∑’Ë π„®µ‘¥µ“¡‡√◊ËÕß„π∫∑§«“¡π—Èπ Ê °“√‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ·∫∫‡¥’¬«°—∫
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß ·µà„ àµ“¡≈”¥—∫Õ—°…√π”¢Õß™◊ËÕ (¿“…“‰∑¬„™â™◊ËÕµ—« ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…„™â™◊ËÕ °ÿ≈) ‡√’¬ß≈”¥—∫¿“…“‰∑¬
‰«â°Õà π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…

µ—«Õ¬à“ß
 ÿ∑∏‘≈—°…≥å Õ”æ—π∏å«ß»å. °“√„™â∫√‘°“√ÀâÕß ¡ÿ¥·≈–°“√‡¢’¬π√“¬ß“π°“√§âπ§«â“. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ :
 ”π—°æ‘¡æå‰∑¬«—≤π“æ“π‘™, ÚıÚÒ.
Bronorrski, Jacob. The Ascent of Man. Boston: Little Brown, 1973.

Ò.Ú.Û ‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡√’ ¬ ∫‡√’ ¬ ß À“°¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ Õπÿ‚≈¡„À⇢’¬π‡Õ° “√∑’Ë„™â

ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡µ√’¬¡∫∑§«“¡‰¥â.

§”™’È·®ß°“√‡µ√’¬¡µâπ©∫—∫∫∑§«“¡
223