-Bus structures can be somewhat confusing but at the same time it can help you understand most of the

board. There are two type buses that you will find on the system board. There are internal and external. Below is a light description of both.
Internal- is basically the lines of communication of the board. The highway so to speak of the motherboard, its infrastructure. Looking at the board you will be able to recognize the bus by all the gold lines of wires running throughout board. A 64-bit bus is described as 64 wires or lines in the board. The idea of the internal bus is to transfer information across to all components of motherboard especially the external bus, which is covered later. What are the components of the internal bus and what lines are used for what? The control bus, Address Bus, Data Bus which are all located in the internal bus of the motherboard. Control Bus- a signal that is sent by the CPU that coordinates actions of the system. Address Bus- this is where data and instructions are sent from one component to another using the address bus. This is done by using memory location addresses to recognize the location of data in the system memory (RAM). Data Bus- this is the lines or paths for actual data, instructions to be sent to components. Power- this type bus is used to send power to components of the system.

Types of bus The internal bus is just an internal line of communication sending data and
instruction among itself. Not only this but providing power and addressing service for the system. Most of the time you dont even think about this type of bus and it goes on in the background without your intervention. The funny thing about this bus is the dynamic properties of it. It almost seems that the motherboard should be more expensive than it is just for all the work it has to do. Thankfully it is not at this time. Now lets look at external bus. Most of you have messed with this at one point or another. Ever heard of a PCI slot or installed maybe a modem? This utilizes the external bus.

Control Bus The control bus is used by the CPU to direct and monitor the actions of the other functional areas of the computer. It is used to transmit a variety of individual signals (read, write, interrupt, acknowledge, and so forth) necessary to control and coordinate the operations of the computer. The individual signals transmitted over the control bus and their functions are covered in the appropriate functional area description. Address Bus The address bus consists of all the signals necessary to define any of the possible memory address locations within the computer, or for modular memories any of the possible memory address locations within a module. An address is defined as a label, symbol, or other set of characters used to designate a location or register where information is stored. Before data or instructions can be written into or read from memory by the CPU or I/O sections, an address must be transmitted to memory over the address bus. Data Bus The bidirectional data bus, sometimes called the memory bus, handles the transfer of all data and instructions between functional areas of the computer. The bidirectional data

bus can only transmit in one direction at a time. The data bus is used to transfer instructions
memory at the address defined by the address bus or consists of data read from the memory address specified by the address bus. Figure 5-17 is an example of a computer s bus system; control, address, and data buses. Instruction (I) Bus The instruction (I) bus allows communication between the CPU and memory. It carries to the CPU the program instruction words to be operated on by the CPU from memory or returns instructions to memory. The I bus is controlled by the CPU. It is capable of sending or receiving data while the operand(O) bus is receiving or sending data at the same time, but only in one direction at a time. Operand (O) Bus The operand (O) bus allows communication between the CPU and memory or the CPU and an I/O Controller (IOC). The CPU controls the operation in both cases. The O bus is capable of sending or receiving data, while the I bus is receiving or sending data at the same time, but only in one direction at a time. The direction of the data depends on whether the CPU is reading data from memory or data is being written back into memory. I/O MEM Bus or Input/Output Controllerfrom memory to

the CPU for execution. It carries data (operands) to and from the CPU and memory as required by instruction translation. The data bus is also used to transfer data between memory and the I/O section during input/output operations. The information on the data bus is either written into 5-24

read

To input into the computer from a peripheral device (keyboard, mouse, disk, tape, etc.). Like reading a book or playing an audio cassette or videotape, reading does not destroy what is being read. The term also refers to accessing memory. Read Out and Write Into Every transfer of data is a "read out" from some place and a "write into" some other place. Reading a disk means output from the disk drive and input to the computer (write to memory). When data are copied from one memory area to another, the data are "read out" of memory and "written into" memory. See write. read/write head

A device that reads (senses) and writes (records) data on a magnetic disk or tape. For writing, the surface of the disk or tape is moved past the read/write head. By discharging electrical impulses at the appropriate times, bits are recorded as tiny, magnetized spots of positive or negative polarity. For reading, the surface is moved past the read/write head, and the bits that are present induce an electrical current across the gap.

write

To store data in memory or onto a storage medium, such as disk and tape. Every write operation in the computer implies a read operation from some other place. For example, to write a file to a disk requires reading it from somewhere else. Write is analogous to record on an audio recorder or videotape recorder. See read.